Interference measurement and reporting in a-IOT system
By enabling interference measurement and reporting in A-IoT systems through device indications and base station communications, the solution addresses the challenge of interference management, improving communication quality and efficiency.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/107971
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-26
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-19
AI Technical Summary
Current A-IoT systems face challenges in efficiently measuring and reporting interference, particularly in dense deployment scenarios, which affects communication quality and efficiency.
The implementation of methods and apparatuses that enable interference measurement and reporting in A-IoT systems, where devices receive indications from base stations to transmit interference measurement reports and trigger interference measurement signals, improving communication quality and efficiency.
This solution facilitates effective interference management, enhancing communication quality and efficiency in A-IoT systems, especially in densely deployed scenarios.
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Figure CN2024107971_19062025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
INTERFERENCE MEASUREMENT AND REPORTING IN A-IOT SYSTEMTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to an interference measurement and interference measurement reporting in an ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) system.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations (BSs) , which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication device, such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .
[0003] A wireless communication system may include an A-IoT device, which has a lower capability in terms of complexity and power consumption. In this case, the wireless communication system may also be referred to as an A-IoT system. Multiple topologies, for example, Topologies 1 to 4, are supported for the A-IoT device. In Topology 1, the A-IoT device directly and bidirectionally communicates with a BS. In Topology 2, the A-IoT device communicates bidirectionally with an intermediate node between the A-IoT device and a BS. In Topology 3, the A-IoT device communicates uidirectionally with a BS and communicates uidirectionally with an assisting node. In Topology 4, the A-IoT device communicates bidirectionally with a UE. However, some transmission enhancements in the A-IoT system, especially, enhancements on the interference measurement and reporting considering one or more of the above topologies, are still needed.SUMMARY
[0004] The present disclosure relates to methods, apparatuses, and systems that support an interference measurement and interference measurement reporting in an A-IoT system. With the apparatuses and methods, it is possible to improve communication quality and efficiency in the A-IoT system.
[0005] In some implementations, there is provided a first device. The first device comprises at least one memory, and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the first device to: receive, from a base station, an indication indicating the first device to transmit an interference measurement report related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; and transmit, to the base station, the interference measurement report.
[0006] In some implementations, there is provided a method performed by the first device. The method comprises: receiving, from a base station, an indication indicating the first device to transmit an interference measurement report related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; and transmitting, to the base station, the interference measurement report.
[0007] In some implementations, there is provided a processor for wireless communication. The processor comprises at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: receive, from a base station, an indication indicating the first device to transmit an interference measurement report related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; and transmit, to the base station, the interference measurement report.
[0008] Some implementations of the method and the first device described herein may further include receiving, from the base station, a configuration of the interference measurement report, the configuration comprising one of the following: a period for performing an interference measurement; a period for transmitting the interference measurement report; information required to be reported, the information comprising a number of one or more maximum interference levels required to be reported of a set of interference levels corresponding to a set of interference devices, and one or more identifiers associated with one or more interference devices corresponding to the one or more maximum interference levels; or a resource for transmitting the interference measurement report.
[0009] Some implementations of the method and the first device described herein may further include receiving, from the base station, an indication indicating the first device to perform an interference measurement.
[0010] Some implementations of the method and the first device described herein may further include receiving, from the base station, a structure configuration of an interference measurement signal based on which the interference measurement report is to be determined, the interference measurement signal indicating an identifier associated with an interference device transmitting the interference measurement signal. In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, the identifier may be carried in the interference measurement signal, and the identifier may comprise an index associated with the interference device. In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, the interference measurement signal may comprise an indicator indicating a type of the interference device. In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, a sequence carried in the interference measurement signal may be associated with the identifier, and the identifier may comprise an index associated with the interference device. In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, a sequence carried in the interference measurement signal may be associated with the identifier, and the identifier may comprise a full identifier of the interference device.
[0011] In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, the interference measurement report may comprise an identifier associated with the interference device.
[0012] Some implementations of the method and the first device described herein may further include determining resource information for receiving an interference measurement signal based on the interference measurement signal or control information associated with the interference measurement signal. In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, the control information may comprise one of the following: a location of an occasion for the interference measurement signal; a length of the occasion; or a number of one or more occasions for one or more interference measurement signals comprising the interference measurement signal. In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, the control information or the interference measurement signal may comprise an indication to use an occasion for a midamble or a preamble as an occasion for the interference measurement signal.
[0013] Some implementations of the method and the first device described herein may further include determining the interference measurement report based on an interference measurement signal from an interference device or an interference measurement signal from a device served by the interference device.
[0014] In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, the first device may comprise one of a relay, an integrated access backhaul (IAB) node, a user equipment (UE) , or a repeater.
[0015] In some implementations, there is provided a second device. The second device comprises at least one memory, and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the second device to: receive, from a base station, an indication indicating the second device to trigger a transmission of an interference measurement signal related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; and trigger the interference measurement signal.
[0016] In some implementations, there is provided a method performed by the second device. The method comprises: receiving, from a base station, an indication indicating the second device to trigger a transmission of an interference measurement signal related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; and triggering the interference measurement signal.
[0017] In some implementations, there is provided a processor for wireless communication. The processor comprises at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: receive, from a base station, an indication indicating the second device to trigger a transmission of an interference measurement signal related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; and trigger the interference measurement signal.
[0018] Some implementations of the method and the second device described herein may further include receiving, from the base station, a structure configuration of the interference measurement signal, the interference measurement signal indicating an identifier associated with an interference device transmitting the interference measurement signal. In some implementations of the method and the second device described herein, the identifier may be carried in the interference measurement signal, and the identifier may comprise an index associated with the interference device. In some implementations of the method and the second device described herein, the interference measurement signal may comprise an indicator indicating a type of the interference device. In some implementations of the method and the second device described herein, a sequence carried in the interference measurement signal may be associated with the identifier, and the identifier may comprise an index associated with the interference device. In some implementations of the method and the second device described herein, a sequence carried in the interference measurement signal may be associated with the identifier, and the identifier may comprise a full identifier of the interference device.
[0019] Some implementations of the method and the second device described herein may further include receiving, from the base station, one of the following: a period for transmitting the interference measurement signal; or a resource configuration for transmitting the interference measurement signal. In some implementations of the method and the second device described herein, the resource configuration may comprise one of the following: a location of an occasion for the interference measurement signal; a length of the occasion; or a number of one or more occasions for one or more interference measurement signals comprising the interference measurement signal. In some implementations of the method and the second device described herein, the resource configuration may comprise an indication to use an occasion for a midamble or a preamble as an occasion for the interference measurement signal.
[0020] Some implementations of the method and the second device described herein may further include determining, by the second device, a resource for transmitting the interference measurement signal.
[0021] In some implementations of the method and the second device described herein, resource information for transmitting the interference measurement signal may be indicated based on the interference measurement signal or control information associated with the interference measurement signal. In some implementations of the method and the second device described herein, the control information may comprise one of the following: a location of an occasion for the interference measurement signal; a length of the occasion; or a number of one or more occasions for one or more interference measurement signals comprising the interference measurement signal. In some implementations of the method and the second device described herein, the control information or the interference measurement signal may comprise an indication to use an occasion for a midamble or a preamble as an occasion for the interference measurement signal.
[0022] Some implementations of the method and the second device described herein may further include receiving, from the base station, an indication indicating a third device served by the second device to transmit an interference measurement signal; and based on receiving the indication indicating the third device to transmit the interference measurement signal, transmitting, to the third device, an indication indicating the third device to transmit an interference measurement signal.
[0023] Some implementations of the method and the second device described herein may further include transmitting, to the third device, one of the following: a structure configuration of the interference measurement signal; or a resource indication for transmitting the interference measurement signal.
[0024] In some implementations of the method and the second device described herein, the indication indicating the second device to trigger the transmission of the interference measurement signal may indicate the second device to trigger one of the following: the transmission of the interference measurement signal from the second device; or the transmission of the interference measurement signal from a device served by the second device.
[0025] In some implementations of the method and the second device described herein, the second device may comprise one of a relay, an integrated access backhaul (IAB) node, a user equipment (UE) , a repeater, or a base station.
[0026] In some implementations, there is provided a base station. The base station comprises at least one memory, and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the base station to: perform one of the following: transmitting, to a first device, an indication indicating the first device to transmit an interference measurement report related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; or transmitting, to a second device, an indication indicating the second device to trigger a transmission of an interference measurement signal related to A-IoT communication.
[0027] In some implementations, there is provided a method performed by the base station. The method comprises: performing one of the following: transmitting, to a first device, an indication indicating the first device to transmit an interference measurement report related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; or transmitting, to a second device, an indication indicating the second device to trigger a transmission of an interference measurement signal related to A-IoT communication.
[0028] In some implementations, there is provided a processor for wireless communication. The processor comprises at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: perform one of the following: transmitting, to a first device, an indication indicating the first device to transmit an interference measurement report related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; or transmitting, to a second device, an indication indicating the second device to trigger a transmission of an interference measurement signal related to A-IoT communication.
[0029] Some implementations of the method and the base station described herein may further include transmitting, to the first device, a configuration of the interference measurement report, the configuration comprising one of the following: a period for performing an interference measurement; a period for transmitting the interference measurement report; information required to be reported, the information comprising a number of one or more maximum interference levels required to be reported of a set of interference levels corresponding to a set of interference devices, and one or more identifiers associated with one or more interference devices corresponding to the one or more maximum interference levels; or a resource for transmitting the interference measurement report.
[0030] Some implementations of the method and the base station described herein may further include transmitting, to the first device, an indication indicating the first device to perform an interference measurement.
[0031] Some implementations of the method and the base station described herein may further include transmitting, to the first device or the second device, a structure configuration of the interference measurement signal, the interference measurement signal indicating an identifier associated with an interference device transmitting the interference measurement signal. In some implementations of the method and the base station described herein, the identifier may be carried in the interference measurement signal, the identifier may comprise an index associated with the interference device. In some implementations of the method and the base station described herein, the interference measurement signal may comprise an indicator indicating a type of the interference device. In some implementations of the method and the base station described herein, a sequence carried in the interference measurement signal may be associated with the identifier, and the identifier may comprise an index associated with the interference device. In some implementations of the method and the base station described herein, a sequence carried in the interference measurement signal may be associated with the identifier, and the identifier may comprise a full identifier of the interference device.
[0032] Some implementations of the method and the base station described herein may further include receiving, from the first device, the interference measurement report, the interference measurement report comprising an identifier associated with an interference device transmitting an interference measurement signal.
[0033] Some implementations of the method and the base station described herein may further include transmitting, to the second device, one of the following: a period for transmitting the interference measurement signal; or a resource configuration for transmitting the interference measurement signal. In some implementations of the method and the base station described herein, the resource configuration may comprise one of the following: a location of an occasion for the interference measurement signal; a length of the occasion; or a number of one or more occasions for one or more interference measurement signals comprising the interference measurement signal. In some implementations of the method and the base station described herein, the resource configuration may comprise an indication to use an occasion for a midamble or a preamble as an occasion for the interference measurement signal.
[0034] Some implementations of the method and the base station described herein may further include transmitting, to the second device, an indication indicating a third device served by the second device to transmit an interference measurement signal.
[0035] In some implementations of the method and the base station described herein, the indication indicating the second device to trigger the transmission of the interference measurement signal may indicates the second device to trigger one of the following: the transmission of the interference measurement signal from the second device; or the transmission of the interference measurement signal from a device served by the second device.
[0036] In some implementations of the method and the base station described herein, transmitting the indication indicating the second device to trigger the transmission of the interference measurement signal may comprise based on receiving, from a further base station, an indication indicating the base station to trigger the transmission of the interference measurement signal, transmitting the indication indicating the second device to transmit the interference measurement signal.
[0037] In some implementations of the method and the base station described herein, the first device may comprise one of a relay, an integrated access backhaul (IAB) node, a user equipment (UE) , or a repeater. In some implementations of the method and the base station described herein, the second device may comprise one of a relay, an IAB node, a UE, a repeater, or a base station.
[0038] In some implementations, there is provided a third device. The third device comprises at least one memory, and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the third device to: receive, from a second device, an indication indicating the third device to transmit an interference measurement signal related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; and transmit the interference measurement signal.
[0039] In some implementations, there is provided a method performed by the third device. The method comprises: receiving, from a second device, an indication indicating the third device to transmit an interference measurement signal related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; and transmitting the interference measurement signal.
[0040] In some implementations, there is provided a processor for wireless communication. The processor comprises at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: receive, from a second device, an indication indicating the third device to transmit an interference measurement signal related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; and transmit the interference measurement signal.
[0041] Some implementations of the method and the third device described herein may further include receiving, from the second device, a structure configuration of the interference measurement signal, the interference measurement signal indicating an identifier associated with the third device. In some implementations of the method and the third device described herein, the identifier may be carried in the interference measurement signal, the identifier may comprise an index associated with the third device. In some implementations of the method and the third device described herein, the interference measurement signal may comprise an indicator indicating a type of the third device. In some implementations of the method and the third device described herein, a sequence carried in the interference measurement signal may be associated with the identifier, and the identifier may comprise an index associated with the third device. In some implementations of the method and the third device described herein, a sequence carried in the interference measurement signal may be associated with the identifier, and the identifier may comprise a full identifier of the third device.
[0042] Some implementations of the method and the third device described herein may further include receiving, from the second device, one of the following: a period for transmitting the interference measurement signal; or a resource indication for transmitting the interference measurement signal. In some implementations of the method and the third device described herein, the resource indication may comprise one of the following: a location of an occasion for the interference measurement signal; a length of the occasion; or a number of one or more occasions for one or more interference measurement signals comprising the interference measurement signal. In some implementations of the method and the third device described herein, the resource indication may comprise an indication to use an occasion for a midamble or a preamble as an occasion for the interference measurement signal.
[0043] Some implementations of the method and the third device described herein may further include determining, by the third device, a resource for transmitting the interference measurement signal.
[0044] In some implementations of the method and the third device described herein, resource information for transmitting the interference measurement signal may be indicated based on the interference measurement signal or control information associated with the interference measurement signal. In some implementations of the method and the third device described herein, the control information may comprise one of the following: a location of an occasion for the interference measurement signal; a length of the occasion; or a number of one or more occasions for one or more interference measurement signals comprising the interference measurement signal. In some implementations of the method and the third device described herein, the control information or the interference measurement signal may comprise an indication to use an occasion for a midamble or a preamble as an occasion for the interference measurement signal.
[0045] In some implementations of the method and the third device described herein, the second device may comprise one of a relay, an integrated access backhaul (IAB) node, a user equipment (UE) , a repeater, or a base station. In some implementations of the method and the third device described herein, the third device may comprise an A-IoT device.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0046] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports an interference measurement and interference measurement reporting in an A-IoT system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0047] FIG. 1B illustrates an example of Topology 1 associated with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0048] FIG. 1C illustrates an example of Topology 2 associated with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0049] FIG. 1D illustrates an example of Topology 3 associated with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0050] FIG. 1E illustrates an example of Topology 4 associated with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0051] FIG. 1F illustrates another example of a wireless communications system associated with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0052] FIG. 1G illustrates a further example of a wireless communications system associated with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0053] FIGS. 1H to 1M illustrate example interference scenarios associated with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0054] FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate example process flows in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0055] FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate example structures of an interference measurement signal in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0056] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a device that supports an interference measurement and interference measurement reporting in an A-IoT system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0057] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a processor that supports an interference measurement and interference measurement reporting in an A-IoT system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; and
[0058] FIGS. 6 through 9 illustrate flowcharts of methods that support an interference measurement and interference measurement reporting in an A-IoT system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0059] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0060] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein may be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0061] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0062] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0063] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0064] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0065] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as, 5G new radio (NR) , LTE, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) , and so on. Further, the communications between a UE and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the 4G, 4.5G, the 5G communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will also be future type communication technologies and systems in which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned systems.
[0066] As used herein, the term “network device” generally refers to a node in a communication network via which a UE can access the communication network and receive services therefrom. The network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , a radio access network (RAN) node, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , an infrastructure device for a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, a transmission and reception point (TRP) , a reception point (RP) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a low power node such as a femto a base station (BS) , a pico BS, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology. The network device may further refer to a network function (NF) in the core network, for example, a service management function (SMF) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) , a policy control function (PCF) , a user plane function (UPF) or devices with same function in future network architectures, and so forth.
[0067] As used herein, the term “user equipment (UE) ” generally refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communications. By way of example rather than a limitation, a UE may also be referred to as a communication device, a terminal device, an end user device, a subscriber station (SS) , an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , a portable subscriber station, a mobile station (MS) , or an access terminal (AT) . The UE may include, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a voice over IP (VoIP) phone, a wireless local loop phone, a tablet, a wearable UE, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a portable computer, a desktop computer, an image capture UE such as a digital camera, a gaming UE, a music storage and playback appliance, a vehicle-mounted wireless UE, a wireless endpoint, a mobile station, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , a USB dongle, a smart device, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device (for example, a remote surgery device) , an industrial device (for example, a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. In the following description, the terms: “UE, ” “communication device, ” “terminal, ” and “UE, ” may be used interchangeably.
[0068] As used herein, the term “A-IoT device” refers to a device without batteries or with limited energy storage capabilities. For the A-IoT device, energy is provided by harvesting radio waves, light, motion, heat, or any other suitable source. The A-IoT device can also be called a zero-power terminal, a near-zero power terminal, a passive IoT device, an ambient backscatter communication (AmBC) device, a tag, etc. Compared with low-power and wide-coverage services, such as narrow band (NB) IoT, and enhance machine type communication (eMTC) , A-IoT has lower complexity and lower power consumption, and is suitable for more application scenarios.
[0069] As used herein, the term “device-to-reader (D2R) transmission” refers to a transmission initiated by an A-IoT device and transmitted to a reader (such as a BS, an intermediate node, an assisting node, or a UE) . As used herein, the term “reader-to–device (R2D) transmission” refers to a transmission initiated by a reader and transmitted to an A-IoT device.
[0070] Principles and implementations of embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0071] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system (or referred to as a communication network) 100 that supports an interference measurement and interference measurement reporting in an A-IoT system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities 102 (also referred to as network equipment) , one or more UEs 104, a core network 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as an NR network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0072] The one or more network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a radio access network (RAN) , a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
[0073] A network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0074] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100.
[0075] The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in FIG. 1A. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in FIG. 1A. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100.
[0076] A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0077] A network entity 102 may support communications with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
[0078] In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.
[0079] An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0080] Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, MAC layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU.
[0081] Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .
[0082] A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0083] The core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106.
[0084] The core network 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the core network 106 via a network entity 102. The core network 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the core network 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the core network 106) .
[0085] In the wireless communications system 100, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0086] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0087] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0088] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0089] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0090] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0091] Reference is made to FIGS. 1B to 1E to give example illustrations of the above Topologies 1 to 4. Reference is first made to FIG. 1B, which illustrates an example of Topology 1 associated with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 1B, in Topology 1, an A-IoT device 121 communicates with a BS 122 directly and bi-directionally. The communication between the BS 122 and the A-IoT device 121 includes A-IoT data and / or signalling. This topology includes a possibility of a transmission from the BS 122 to the A-IoT device 121 and a different possibility of a transmission from the A-IoT device 121 to the BS 122.
[0092] FIG. 1C illustrates an example of Topology 2 associated with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 1C, in Topology 2, an A-IoT device 131 communicates bidirectionally with an intermediate node 132 between the A-IoT device 131 and BS 133. In this topology, the intermediate node 132 may be a relay node, an IAB node, a UE, a repeater, etc., which is capable of A-IoT. The intermediate node 132 transfers A-IoT data and / or signalling between the BS 133 and the A-IoT device 131.
[0093] Topology 3 may comprise two topology types, i.e., Topology 3A and Topology 3B. FIG. 1D illustrates an example of Topology 3 with a topology type of 3B associated with aspects of the present disclosure. In Topology 3B, an A-IoT device 141 receives data / signalling from a BS 142 and transmits data / signalling to an assisting node 143. In this topology, the assisting node 143 may be a relay, IAB, UE, repeater, etc. which is capable of A-IoT. For Topology 3A, the example illustration of FIG. 1D also applies, only with the difference that it has the opposite direction of the A-IoT data / signaling. In Topology 3A, an A-IoT device 141 transmits data / signalling to a BS 142, and receives data / signalling from an assisting node 143.
[0094] FIG. 1E illustrates an example of Topology 4 associated with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 1E, in Topology 4, an A-IoT device 151 communicates bidirectionally with a UE 152. The communication between the UE 152 and the A-IoT device 151 includes A-IoT data and / or signalling.
[0095] The above communicate devices involved in Topologies 1 to 4 with reference to FIG. 1B to FIG. 1E may be implemented by devices involved in the wireless communications system 100 as described herein with reference to FIG. 1A. For example, the BS 122, the BS 133, or the BS 142 may be implemented by the BS 102 in FIG. 1A. For example, the BS intermediate node 132 (when implemented by a UE) , the assisting node 143 (when implemented by a UE) , or the UE 152 may be implemented by the UE 104 in FIG. 1A.
[0096] FIG. 1F illustrates another example of a wireless communications system 160 associated with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 160 is under a scenario in Topology 2 as described with reference to FIG. 1C. As shown in FIG. 1F, the wireless communications system 160 may comprise a BS 161, a first device 162, a second device 163, a third device 164, and a fourth device 165 served by the first device 162.
[0097] In some embodiments, the second device 163 may be an intermediate node served by the BS 161, and in this case, the third device 164 may be served by the second device 163. In some other embodiments, the second device 163 may be another BS communicating with the BS 161, and in this case, the wireless communications system 160 may further comprise an intermediated node 166 served by the second device 163, and the third device 164 may be served the intermediated node 166.
[0098] The BS 161 may communicate with the first device 162 and the second device 163. The third device 164 and the fourth device 165 may communicate with their serving nodes, that is, the first device 162 and one of the second device 163 or the intermediated node 166, respectively. One or more of the BS 161, the first device 162, the second device 163, the third device 164, the fourth device 165, and the intermediated node 166 may communicate with one or more further devices not shown in FIG. 1F.
[0099] It is to be understood that the particular number of various communication devices and the particular number of various communication links as shown in FIG. 1F is for illustration purpose only without suggesting any limitations. The communications system 160 may include any suitable number of communication devices and any suitable number of communication links for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. In addition, it should be appreciated that there may be various wireless as well as wireline communications (if needed) among all of the communication devices.
[0100] FIG. 1G illustrates a further example of a wireless communications system 170 associated with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 170 is under a scenario in Topology 4 as described with reference to FIG. 1E. As shown in FIG. 1G, the wireless communications system 160 may comprise two UEs 171 and 172 (also referred to as a first UE 171 and a second UE 172 respectively ) and two A-IoT devices 173 and 174 served by the UEs 171 and 172 respectively.
[0101] The UEs 171 and 172 may communicate with each other via sidelink. The A-IoT devices 173 and 174 may communicate with their serving UEs, that is, the UEs 171 and 172, respectively. One or more of the UEs 171 and 172 and the A-IoT devices 173 and 174 may communicate with one or more further devices not shown in FIG. 1G.
[0102] It is to be understood that the particular number of various communication devices and the particular number of various communication links as shown in FIG. 1G is for illustration purpose only without suggesting any limitations. The communications system 160 may include any suitable number of communication devices and any suitable number of communication links for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. In addition, it should be appreciated that there may be various wireless as well as wireline communications (if needed) among all of the communication devices.
[0103] In release 19 (Rel-19) , a new study item (SID) on A-IoT was approved, which includes the study objective of necessary and feasible solutions for A-IoT as follows:
[0104] For a typical application scenario of an A-IoT system, for example, asset identification, it is required to accommodate a huge number of A-IoT devices in a large-scale range with seamless coverage. In this case, the lack of an interference handling (IH) scheme (for example, related interference measurement and reporting) results in severe interference between readers, capacity problems, and latency problems, especially in the case of dense deployment. The scenario and target dominate the design of interference handling, including interference measurement and identification, interference measurement reporting, resource allocation, procedure and signaling, and so on.
[0105] Moreover, inventors further notice that considering the capabilities of nodes in an A-IoT system, measurement is not expected to be carried out by a low cost A-IoT device. Thus, an interference measure may be performed by an intermediate node. In this case, for one intermediate node, the interference either from another intermediate node or from an A-IoT device served by another intermediate node may be measured by the intermediate node.
[0106] In general, the interference level may be estimated by a measurement on a certain interference measurement (IM) resource (for example, in both the time domain and frequency domain) . The interference measurement resource may refer to a resource where nothing is transmitted from one or more target nodes (i.e., one or more target A-IoT devices) while the activity within the interference measurement resource reflects a normal activity from one or more other nodes (i.e, one or more interference nodes, such as one or more interference intermediate nodes or interference A-IoT devices) transmitting on the interference measurement resource. Thus, by measuring the receiving power within the interference measurement resource, the measuring node (for example, a measuring intermediate node) may obtain the typical interference level from the one or more other nodes other than the one or more target nodes on on the interference measurement resource.
[0107] However, for some purposes in A-IoT systems, for example, intermediate node (IN) selection / configuration, intermediate node power on / off determination, or intermediate node / carrier wave (CW) power control, information on an interference level from a specific interference source is needed. As of now, there is no efficient approach to obtain the interference level from a specific interference source. In view of the above, there is a need to consider a mechanism to perform the interference measurement and reporting in an A-IoT system, especially in the case of dense deployment.
[0108] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for an interference measurement and interference measurement reporting in an A-IoT system. In one aspect of the solution of the present disclosure, a first device (for example, an intermediate node) receives, from a base station, an indication indicating the first device to transmit an interference measurement report related to A-IoT communication. Moreover, the first device transmits, to the base station, the interference measurement report.
[0109] By triggering the interference measurement signal transmission and the interference measurement reporting, it is allowed to facilitate the interference management at the BS. In this way, it is possible to improve communication quality and efficiency in the A-IoT system.
[0110] In a densely deployed scenario, there exist multiple intermediate nodes in a range to provide seamless coverage for A-IoT devices. Considering that the A-IoT system is expected to be an asynchronization system, there may be different interference scenarios given same frequency band is used for the transmissions involved.
[0111] Reference is made to FIGS. 1H to 1K to discuss some example interference scenarios in Topology 2. For the purpose of discussion, FIGS. 1H to 1K will be described with reference to FIG. 1F. FIGS. 1H and 1I illustrate example interference scenarios in Topology 2 deployed in a single cell. As shown in FIG. 1H, both the first device 162 and the second device 163 are performing R2D transmissions to their own fourth device 165 and third device 164 respectively at the same time. If both the fourth device 165 and the third device 164 locate close to each other, the fourth device 165 may suffer interference from the second device 163 while the third device 164 may suffer interference from the first device 162.
[0112] As shown in FIG. 1I, the first device 162 and the second device 163 associated with different A-IoT devices (i.e. the fourth device 165 and third device 164 respectively) are performing transmissions in different directions at the same time. In this case, the R2D transmission from the second device 163 may bring interference to the reception of the first device 162, while the D2R transmission from the fourth device 165 may bring interference to the reception of the third device 164.
[0113] FIGS. 1J and 1K illustrate example interference scenarios in Topology 2 deployed in neighboring cells. The A-IoT systems as shown in FIGS. 1J and 1K may suffer similar interference as that discussed above with reference to FIGS. 1H and 1I respectively.
[0114] Reference is made to 1L and 1M to discuss some example interference scenarios in Topology 4. For the purpose of discussion, FIGS. 1L and 1M will be described with reference to FIG. 1G. In these cases, the A-IoT systems as shown in FIGS. 1L and 1M may suffer similar interference as that discussed above with reference to FIGS. 1H and 1I. The only difference is that there is no serving BS in the A-IoT system while the intermediate node is a UE. In this case, the UEs 171 and 172 may coordinate with each other via sidelink.
[0115] FIG. 2A illustrates an example process flow 200 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the processes 200 will be described with reference to FIG. 1F. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 2A are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. It is to be understood that the process 200 may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0116] As shown in FIG. 2A, the BS 161 transmits (205) , to the first device 162, an indication indicating the first device 162 to transmit an interference measurement report. The interference measurement report may comprise a result of an interference measurement performed by the first device 162. In some embodiments, the first device 162 may perform an interference measurement based on an interference measurement signal (also referred to as an interference measurement reference signal (IM-RS) ) from an interference device (also referred to as an interference source) , such as an intermediate node or an A-IoT device served by the intermediate node.
[0117] In some embodiments, if the BS 161 intends to trigger an interference measurement report from the first device 162 served by the BS 161, it may determine a configuration of the interference measurement report (also referred to as an interference measurement report configuration) . As an implementation, if the interference measurement is triggered in a period way, the interference measurement report configuration may comprise a period (also referred to as a measurement period) for performing an interference measurement. Alternatively or additionally, if the interference measurement report is triggered in a period way, the interference measurement report configuration may comprise a period (also referred to as a reporting period) for transmitting the interference measurement report. Alternatively or additionally, the interference measurement report configuration may comprise information required to be reported, for example, a number of one or more maximum interference levels required to be reported of a set of interference levels corresponding to a set of interference devices and one or more identifiers associated with one or more interference devices corresponding to the one or more maximum interference levels. As an example, The interference measurement report configuration may comprise M maximum interference level (s) (where M≥1) and the associated identifiers associated with the corresponding interference device (s) . Alternatively or additionally, the interference measurement report configuration may comprise a resource for transmitting the interference measurement report. The interference measurement report configuration may be transmitted to the first device 162 by an RRC signaling or a medium access control (MAC) control information (CE) .
[0118] The interference measurement performed at the first device 162 for obtaining the above interference measurement report may be triggered by a variety of approaches. For example, the interference measurement may be triggered by the BS 161. Alternatively or additionally, the interference measurement may be triggered by the first device 162 itself.
[0119] In the implementations where the interference measurement is triggered by the BS 161, the BS 161 may transmit, to the first device 162, an indication indicating the first device 162 to perform an interference measurement. The indication may be transmitted by a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . In an example implementation where the interference measurement is triggered in a periodic way as described above, the first device 162 may carry out the interference measurement periodically. As another example implementation, the interference measurement may be triggered by the BS 161 via the above indication if the BS 161 intends to perform the interference node selection / configuration. The interference node selection / configuration may refer to an operation to determine which one or more interference nodes provides an A-IoT service, for which the configuration may include, for example, a power control scheme, an encoding and modulation scheme, a frequency-domain or time-domain resource, and so on. As a further example implementation, the interference measurement may be triggered by the BS 161 via the above indication if the BS 161 intends to perform the interference node power on / off determination. The interference node power on / off determination may refer to an operation to determine which one or more interference nodes may be powered on to provide an A-IoT service and which one or more interference nodes may be powered off from providing an A-IoT service.
[0120] In the implementations where the interference measurement is triggered by the first device 162, as an example implementation, the first device 162 may perform the interference measurement if the convergence time / number of rounds of an inventory service to one or more serving A-IoT devices (for example, all serving A-IoT devices) provided by the first device 162 is longer than a threshold. The threshold may be configured by the BS 161 or pre-defined. As another example implementation, the first device 162 may perform the interference measurement if the communication link between the first device 162 and an A-IoT device served by the first device 162 suffers severe interference and experiences a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) lower than a threshold. The threshold may be configured by the BS 161 or pre-defined.
[0121] Accordingly, to support the above interference measurement, related interference measurement transmission from the interference device may need to be triggered.
[0122] In the interference scenarios discussed with reference to FIGS. 1H and 1I, the second device 163 may be an intermediate node served by the BS 161. In this case, the above interference device may comprise the second device 163. Alternatively or additionally, the second device 163 may trigger an interference measurement signal transmission from the third device 164 served by the second device 163. For the sake of discussion, some of the following embodiments are described for the scenarios where the second device 163 is an intermediate node served by the BS 161 and is used as an interference device. Similar operations and features can also apply to embodiments in the interference scenarios discussed with reference to the FIGS. 1J and 1K.
[0123] As shown in FIG. 2A, the BS 161 transmits (210) , to the second device 163, an indication indicating the second device 163 to trigger a transmission of an interference measurement signal, such that based on which, the first device 162 may perform an interference measurement. In some embodiments, the decision to trigger the transmission of the interference measurement signal may be made by the BS 161. In some other embodiments, if the BS 161 receives, from a further base station, an indication indicating the BS 161 to trigger the transmission of the interference measurement signal, it may transmit the indication indicating the second device 163 to transmit the interference measurement signal. Accordingly, the second device 163 triggers (215) the transmission of the interference measurement signal. In the interference scenarios discussed with reference to FIGS. 1H and 1I, the second device 163 may transmit the interference measurement signal to the first device 162.
[0124] In some implementations, if the BS 161 intends to trigger the interference measurement signal transmission from the second device 163, it may transmit an interference measurement signal configuration to the second device 163. As an example, if the interference measurement signal transmission is triggered in a period way, the interference measurement signal configuration may include the period for transmitting the interference measurement signal. Alternatively or additionally, the interference measurement signal configuration may further indicate the resource for transmitting the interference measurement signal, which will be discussed in detail below.
[0125] As an example, if the BS 161 indicates one-time interference measurement signal transmission, the second device 163 may transmit the interference measurement signal only within the next R2D transmission. As another example, if the BS 161 indicates a continuous interference measurement signal transmission, the second device 163 may transmit a plurality of interference measurement signals within the following a plurality of R2D transmissions until receiving a disable indicator from the BS 161. As another example, if the BS 161 indicates a periodic interference measurement signal transmission, the second device 163 may perform a periodic R2D transmission containing the interference measurement signal.
[0126] In some implementations, the BS 161 may further determine whether and / or which one or more A-IoT devices (for example, including the third device 164) associated with the second device 163 need to transmit the interference measurement signal. An indication indicating the one or more A-IoT devices to transmit the interference measurement signal may be transmitted by the BS 161 to the second device 163. Accordingly, the second device 163 may indicate related information associated with the interference measurement signal transmission to the one or more A-IoT devices, which will be discussed later.
[0127] A resource (for example, a time-domain resource) for transmitting the interference measurement signal may be determined in a variety of ways.
[0128] In some embodiments, a new reference signal dedicated to the interference measurement purpose may be introduced, for example, to be carried in an R2D transmission or by a D2R transmission. In this case, a term called “pattern” may also be introduced to represent some characteristics of an occasion for the interference measurement signal (also referred to interference measurement signal occasion) , such as a location of the occasion for the interference measurement signal, a length of the occasion, or a number of one or more occasions for one or more interference measurement signals. The above term “pattern” may also be named differently, and the scope of the present disclosure will not be limited in this regard. In some implementations, to allow the first device 162 to determine the resource to perform the interference measurement, the resource information regarding the pattern of the occasion for transmitting the interference measurement signal may be indicated in the control information associated with the interference measurement signal.
[0129] In some other embodiments, to decrease the complexity and overhead for the transmission related to the interference measurement signal, considering that an occasion for a preamble or (denoted by / ) midamble (also referred to as a preamble / midamble occasion) is distributed within an R2D / D2R transmission, the occasion for the midamble / preamble may be used as an occasion for the interference measurement signal. Since the preamble / midamble may have other purposes, such as time / frequency tracking, channel estimation, and so on, the function or purpose may need to be indicated for a preamble / midamble, such that whether the preamble / midamble is used for the interference measurement purpose may be determined by the first device 162. To this end, an indication may be introduced to indicate whether a preamble / midamble is used for the interference measurement purpose.
[0130] For example, which preamble / midamble occasion is used as an interference measurement resource may be indicated by an explicit indication, also referred to as an interference measurement signal occasion indicator. The interference measurement signal occasion indicator may be designed differently according to the structure and location.
[0131] In some implementations, whether a preamble / midamble occasion is for the interference measurement signal may be indicated per preamble / midamble occasion. In this case, the interference measurement signal may indicate the resource information on whether a preamble / midamble occasion is for the interference measurement signal. The interference measurement signal may comprise an indication indicating whether the preamble / midamble occasion is used for the interference measurement signal.
[0132] For example, the indication may be realized by a bit. In this case, each interference measurement signal may carry a bit, which indicates whether the preamble / midamble occasion is used for the interference measurement signal. As an example, the bit may be carried within a header / starting part (if any) of the interference measurement signal. As another example, the bit may be carried prior to a functional part of the interference measurement signal. The details of the starting part and the functional part of the interference measurement signal will be introduced below in detail.
[0133] As another example, the indication may be realized by a preamble / midamble type indicator indicating a preamble / midamble type of a preamble / midamble, to distinguish the preamble / midamble within multiple types. In this case, the indication may occupy more than one bit to indicate the preamble / midamble type of a preamble / midamble and may thus be referred to as the preamble / midamble type indicator. As an embodiment, a preamble / midamble type of a preamble / midamble may comprise a preamble / midamble for the interference measurement, a preamble / midamble for time / frequency tracking, a preamble / midamble for channel estimation, and so on. If a preamble / midamble occasion is used for the interference measurement signal, the corresponding preamble / midamble transmitted on this occasion may be referred to as the interference measurement signal. Otherwise, if the preamble / midamble occasion is not used for the interference measurement signal, its corresponding preamble / midamble may be used for other purposes, such as time / frequency tracking, or channel estimation. As an example implementation, if a preamble / midamble is used for both time / frequency tracking and channel estimation, there may be two types of preamble / midamble, i.e., a preamble / midamble for interference measurement, and a preamble / midamble for time / frequency tracking and channel estimation.
[0134] In some implementations, whether a preamble / midamble occasion is for the interference measurement signal may be indicated per R2D / D2R transmission. In this case, the control information associated with the interference measurement signal may indicate the resource information on whether one or more preamble / midamble occasions are used for one or more interference measurement signals. The control information associated with the interference measurement signal may comprise an indication indicating that one or more preamble / midamble occasions of a plurality of preamble / midamble occasions are used for one or more interference measurement signals of a plurality of interference measurement signals respectively.
[0135] As an example, the indication may be realized by a bitmap. In this case, a plurality of occasions for interference measurement signals may be indicated by the bitmap simultaneously. Each bit in the bitmap may correspond to one of the plurality of interference measurement signal occasions. Accordingly, the value of each bit may indicate whether the corresponding preamble / midamble occasion is used as an interference measurement signal occasion. For example, if the value of a bit is “1” , the corresponding preamble / midamble occasion may be used as an interference measurement signal occasion. Otherwise, if the value of a bit is “0” , the corresponding preamble / midamble occasion is not used as an interference measurement signal occasion.
[0136] As another example, the indication may be realized by a sequence of a preamble / midamble type indicator. The indication may also be referred to as the preamble / midamble type indicator. In this case, each element in the sequence may correspond to an interference measurement signal occasion. Accordingly, the value of each element may indicate the type of the corresponding preamble / midamble. More details regarding the preamble / midamble type indicator may be similar to those described above. For the purpose of simplification, the details will be omitted.
[0137] In some embodiments, the above resource for transmitting the interference measurement signal may be determined by the BS 161. In this case, related resource configuration regarding the above resource for transmitting the interference measurement signal may be comprised in the interference measurement signal configuration transmitted by the BS 161 to the second device 163, and the second device 163 may transmit the reference measurement signal based on the resource configuration. In some other embodiments, the above resource for transmitting the interference measurement signal may be determined by the second device 163. Alternatively or additionally, if the interference signal transmission from the third device is triggered, the resource indication regarding the resource for transmitting the interference measurement signal may be indicated by the second device 163 to the third device 164, or determined by the third device 164 likewise.
[0138] To identify the interference device (also referred to as the transmitter of the interference measurement signal, such as the second device 163 or the third device 164) , in some cases, the first device 162 may decode the received transmission from the interference device and obtain its identifier (ID) , which causes high complexity as well as energy consumption for the interference measurement. Thus, an efficient way is needed to solve this issue by introducing an interference measurement reference signal carrying a simplified identifier associated with the interference device. Based on the simplified identifier, it is allowed to decrease the overhead of the interference measurement signal as well as the complexity of identifying the interference device.
[0139] In some embodiments, the BS 161 may transmit, to the first device 162 and / or the second device 163, a structure configuration of the interference measurement signal. For example, the structure configuration may be transmitted via an RRC signaling. In some other embodiments, the first device 162 and / or the second device 163 may be pre-configured with the structure configuration of the interference measurement signal.
[0140] In some implementations, the interference measurement signal may comprise one or more parts, such as a starting part used to identify a starting point of the interference measurement signal, a functional part used for the interference measurement, and an ending part used to identify an ending point of the interference measurement signal. As an example, the interference measurement signal may contain at least the functional part. As an example implementation, the interference measurement signal may contain the starting part, the functional part, and the ending part, as shown in FIG. 3A, which illustrates an example structure of an interference measurement signal containing the starting part, the functional part, and the ending part.
[0141] To identify the interference device transmitting the interference measurement signal, the above simplified identifier associated with the interference device may be carried in the corresponding transmission. For example, the identifier associated with the interference device may be indicated in the interference measurement signal.
[0142] As an example implementation, in addition to one or more of the above three parts, the interference measurement signal may further comprise an identifier part (ID part) used to indicate the interference device. In this case, the interference measurement signal may contain the starting part, the functional part, the ending part, and the identifier part, as shown in FIG. 3B, which illustrates another example structure of an interference measurement signal containing the starting part, the functional part, the ending part, and the identifier part. The identifier associated with the interference device may be explicitly carried in the identifier part. As an example implementation, the identifier part may comprise two subparts, i.e., a first subpart and a second subpart. The first subpart may be used to indicate the type of the interference device (i.e., to indicate whether the interference device is an intermediate node or an A-IoT device, in case an interference measurement signal from both the intermediate node and the A-IoT device is considered) . The second subpart may be used to carry the identifier associated with the interference device. Alternatively or additionally, the identifier part may only comprise the second subpart without the first subpart. For example, the identifier may comprise an index associated with the interference device, for example, an index associated with the full identifier of the interference device. As an example, the index associated with the interference device may be allocated by the serving gNB (for example, the BS 161) of the interference device. As another example, the index associated with the interference device may be truncated from the full identifier of the interference device.
[0143] As another example implementation, a sequence carried in the interference measurement signal may be associated with the identifier, and the identifier may comprise the index associated with the interference device. In this case, the identifier associated with the interference device may be implicitly indicated by a sequence of the interference measurement signal, for example, a sequence transmitted in the functional part of the interference measurement signal.
[0144] As a further example implementation, a sequence carried in the interference measurement signal may be associated with the identifier, and the identifier may comprise a full identifier of the interference device. In this case, the identifier associated with the interference device may be implicitly indicated by the sequence of the interference measurement signal, for example, a sequence transmitted in the functional part of the interference measurement signal.
[0145] In the embodiment where an interference measurement signal transmission from the third device 164 is triggered, the procedure to indicate and configure the third device 164 to perform an interference measurement signal transmission by the second device 163 may be similar to the above procedure to indicate and configure the second device 163 to perform an interference measurement signal transmission by the BS 161. For the purpose of simplification, the details will be omitted.
[0146] Referring back to FIG. 2A, based on the above interference signal transmission, the first device 162 performs (220) the interference measurement. Accordingly, the first device 162 may determine the interference measurement report to be reported, for example, according to the above interference measurement report configuration. As shown in FIG. 2A, transmits (225) to the base station 161, the interference measurement report.
[0147] In some embodiments, the reporting of the interference measurement report may be triggered in multiple ways.
[0148] In the example implementation where the reporting is triggered in a periodic way as described above, the measurement result may be reported by the first device 162 to the BS 161 periodically. Then, the BS 161 may coordinate with the reported interference device. In this case, if periodic interference measurement reporting is triggered, the first device 162 may perform the interference measurement and then report the interference measurement report to the BS 161 periodically.
[0149] As another example implementation, the reporting may be triggered by a reporting event. For example, the first device 162 may transmit the interference measurement report if an interference level measured at the first device 162 is above a threshold. The threshold may be configured by the BS 161 or pre-defined. In this case, if one-time reporting is triggered, the first device 162 may perform the interference measurement until the above reporting event meets and then report the interference measurement report to the BS 161.
[0150] In some embodiments, to allow the BS 161 to identify the interference device, the above identifier associated with the interference device may also be included in the interference measurement report, in addition to the measured receiving power (or interference level) of the interference measurement signal. In this case, upon receiving the interference measurement report, the BS 161 may determine the interference device (in other words, identify which node causing the interference) based on the identifier associated with the interference device. For example, the interference device may be identified by a mapping between the identifier associated with the interference device reported within the interference measurement report, and a full identifier of the interference device. Then the BS 161 may handle the interference according to the interference device and the associated interference level accordingly, for example, by controlling the transmit power of the interference device, canceling the function of the interference device as the intermediate node, and so on.
[0151] In the interference scenarios discussed with reference to FIGS. 1J and 1K, the second device 163 may be another BS. In this case, the indication indicating the second device 163 to trigger the transmission of the interference measurement signal may indicate the second device 163 to trigger the transmission of the interference measurement signal from a device (for example, the intermediate node 166) served by the second device 163. Then, the second device 163 (i.e., the other BS) may indicate the intermediate node 166 to transmit an interference measurement signal. Detailed behaviors of the other BS in interference scenarios discussed with reference to FIGS. 1J and 1K may be similar to the behaviors discussed above with respect to the BS 161 in the interference scenarios discussed with reference to FIGS. 1H and 1I. For the purpose of simplification, the details will be omitted. Alternatively or additionally, the intermediate node 166 may trigger an interference measurement signal transmission from the third device 164 served by the intermediate node 166. Details of the interaction between the intermediate node 166 and the third device 164 in interference scenarios discussed with reference to FIGS. 1J and 1K as described above may be similar to the interaction between the second device 163 and the third device 164 in the interference scenarios discussed with reference to FIGS. 1H and 1I.
[0152] FIG. 2B illustrates an example process flow 250 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the processes 250 will be described with reference to FIG. 1G. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 2B are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. It is to be understood that the process 250 may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0153] As shown in FIG. 2B, the first UE 171 transmits (255) , to the second UE 172, an indication indicating the second UE 172 to trigger an interference measurement signal transmission. Accordingly, the second UE transmits (260) an interference measurement signal to the first UE 171 in a following R2D transmission. Then, the second UE 172 performs (265) the interference measurement. Alternatively or additionally, the second UE 172 may indicate one or more A-IoT devices (for example, A-IoT device 174) to perform an interference measurement signal transmission. Accordingly, the first UE 171 may perform an interference measurement based on the interference measurement signal transmissions from the UE 172 and the A-IoT device 174. If the measured interference level is above a threshold, the first UE 171 may communicate with the second UE 172 for further coordination. For example, the first UE 171 may recommend the second UE 172 to decrease its transmit power. The operations and features (for example but not limited to, interference measurement signal resource related operations and features, and interference measurement signal structure related operations and features) as described above with reference to FIGS. 2A, 3A, and 3B are likewise applicable to the process flow 250 and have similar effects. For the purpose of simplification, the details will be omitted.
[0154] According to some embodiments with reference to FIGS. 2A to 3B, it is allowed to facilitate an efficient interference measurement and reporting mechanism, and thus improve communication quality and efficiency in the A-IoT system.
[0155] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a device 400 that supports an interference measurement and interference measurement reporting in an A-IoT system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 400 may be an example of a BS 161, a first device 162, a second device 163, a third device 164, UEs 171 and 172, A-IoT devices 173 and 174 as described herein. The device 400 may support wireless communication with one or more devices in the A-IoT system. The device 400 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 402, a memory 404, a transceiver 406, and, optionally, an I / O controller 408. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0156] The processor 402, the memory 404, the transceiver 406, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 402, the memory 404, the transceiver 406, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0157] In some implementations, the processor 402, the memory 404, the transceiver 406, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 402 and the memory 404 coupled with the processor 402 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 402, instructions stored in the memory 404) .
[0158] For example, the processor 402 may support wireless communication at the device 400 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 402 may be configured to operable to support a means for receiving, from a base station, an indication indicating the first device to transmit an interference measurement report related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; and a means for transmitting, to the base station, the interference measurement report. The processor 402 may be configured to operable to support a means for receiving, from a base station, an indication indicating the second device to trigger a transmission of an interference measurement signal related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; and a means for triggering the interference measurement signal. The processor 402 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing one of the following: transmitting, to a first device, an indication indicating the first device to transmit an interference measurement report related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; or transmitting, to a second device, an indication indicating the second device to trigger a transmission of an interference measurement signal related to A-IoT communication. The processor 402 may be configured to operable to support a means for receiving, from a second device, an indication indicating the third device to transmit an interference measurement signal related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; and a means for transmitting the interference measurement signal.
[0159] The processor 402 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 402 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 402. The processor 402 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 404) to cause the device 400 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0160] The memory 404 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 404 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 402 cause the device 400 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 402 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 404 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0161] The I / O controller 408 may manage input and output signals for the device 400. The I / O controller 408 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device M02. In some implementations, the I / O controller 408 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 408 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 408 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 402. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 400 via the I / O controller 408 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 408.
[0162] In some implementations, the device 400 may include a single antenna 410. However, in some other implementations, the device 400 may have more than one antenna 410 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 406 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 410, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 406 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 406 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 410 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 410. The transceiver 406 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0163] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 410 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0164] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 410 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0165] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a processor 500 that supports an interference measurement and interference measurement reporting in an A-IoT system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 500 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 500 may include a controller 502 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 500 may optionally include at least one memory 504, such as L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 500 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 506. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0166] The processor 500 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 500) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0167] The controller 502 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 500 to cause the processor 500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 502 may operate as a control unit of the processor 500, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 500. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0168] The controller 502 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 504 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 502 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 504. The controller 502 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 502 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 500 to cause the processor 500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 502 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 500. The controller 502 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 500.
[0169] The memory 504 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 500 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementations, the memory 504 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 500) . In some other implementations, the memory 504 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 500) .
[0170] The memory 504 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 500, cause the processor 500 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 502 and / or the processor 500 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 504 to cause the processor 500 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 500 and / or the controller 502 may be coupled with or to the memory 504, and the processor 500, the controller 502, and the memory 504 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 500 may include multiple processors and the memory 504 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0171] The one or more ALUs 506 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, the one or more ALUs 506 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 500) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 506 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 500) . One or more ALUs 506 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 506 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 506 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 506 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 506 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0172] The processor 500 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 500 may be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving, from a base station, an indication indicating the first device to transmit an interference measurement report related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; and a means for transmitting, to the base station, the interference measurement report. The processor 500 may be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving, from a base station, an indication indicating the second device to trigger a transmission of an interference measurement signal related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; and a means for triggering the interference measurement signal. The processor 500 may be configured to or operable to support a means for performing one of the following: transmitting, to a first device, an indication indicating the first device to transmit an interference measurement report related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; or transmitting, to a second device, an indication indicating the second device to trigger a transmission of an interference measurement signal related to A-IoT communication. The processor 500 may be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving, from a second device, an indication indicating the third device to transmit an interference measurement signal related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; and a means for transmitting the interference measurement signal.
[0173] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a method 600 that supports an interference measurement and interference measurement reporting in an A-IoT system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 600 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 600 may be performed by a first device 162 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0174] At 610, the method may include receiving, from a base station, an indication indicating the first device to transmit an interference measurement report related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication. The operations of 610 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 610 may be performed by a first device 162 as described with reference to FIG. 1F.
[0175] At 620, the method may include transmitting, to the base station, the interference measurement report. The operations of 620 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 620 may be performed by a first device 162 as described with reference to FIG. 1F.
[0176] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a method 700 that supports an interference measurement and interference measurement reporting in an A-IoT system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 700 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 700 may be performed by a second device 163 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0177] At 710, the method may include receiving, from a base station, an indication indicating the second device to trigger a transmission of an interference measurement signal related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication. The operations of 710 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 710 may be performed by a second device 163 as described with reference to FIG. 1F.
[0178] At 720, the method may include triggering the interference measurement signal. The operations of 720 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 720 may be performed by a second device 163 as described with reference to FIG. 1F.
[0179] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of a method 800 that supports an interference measurement and interference measurement reporting in an A-IoT system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 800 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 800 may be performed by a base station 161 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0180] At 810, the method may include performing one of the following: transmitting, to a first device, an indication indicating the first device to transmit an interference measurement report related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; or transmitting, to a second device, an indication indicating the second device to trigger a transmission of an interference measurement signal related to A-IoT communication. The operations of 810 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 810 may be performed by a base station 161 as described with reference to FIG. 1F.
[0181] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method 900 that supports an interference measurement and interference measurement reporting in an A-IoT system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 900 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 900 may be performed by a third device 164 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0182] At 910, the method may include receiving, from a second device, an indication indicating the third device to transmit an interference measurement signal related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication. The operations of 910 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 910 may be performed by a third device 164 as described with reference to FIG. 1F.
[0183] At 920, the method may include transmitting the interference measurement signal. The operations of 920 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 920 may be performed by a third device 164 as described with reference to FIG. 1F.
[0184] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0185] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0186] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0187] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
[0188] As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0189] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A first device comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the first device to:receive, from a base station, an indication indicating the first device to transmit an interference measurement report related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; andtransmit, to the base station, the interference measurement report.2.The first device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the first device to:receive, from the base station, a configuration of the interference measurement report, the configuration comprising one of the following:a period for performing an interference measurement;a period for transmitting the interference measurement report;information required to be reported, the information comprising a number of one or more maximum interference levels required to be reported of a set of interference levels corresponding to a set of interference devices, and one or more identifiers associated with one or more interference devices corresponding to the one or more maximum interference levels; ora resource for transmitting the interference measurement report.3.The first device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the first device to:receive, from the base station, a structure configuration of an interference measurement signal based on which the interference measurement report is to be determined, the interference measurement signal indicating an identifier associated with an interference device transmitting the interference measurement signal.4.The first device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the first device to:determine resource information for receiving an interference measurement signal based on the interference measurement signal or control information associated with the interference measurement signal.5.The first device of claim 1, wherein the first device comprises one of a relay, an integrated access backhaul (IAB) node, a user equipment (UE) , or a repeater.6.A second device comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the second device to:receive, from a base station, an indication indicating the second device to trigger a transmission of an interference measurement signal related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; andtrigger the interference measurement signal.7.The second device of claim 6, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the second device to:receive, from the base station, a structure configuration of the interference measurement signal, the interference measurement signal indicating an identifier associated with an interference device transmitting the interference measurement signal.8.The second device of claim 7, wherein one of the following:the identifier is carried in the interference measurement signal, and the identifier comprises an index associated with the interference device;the interference measurement signal comprises an indicator indicating a type of the interference device;a sequence carried in the interference measurement signal is associated with the identifier, and the identifier comprises an index associated with the interference device; ora sequence carried in the interference measurement signal is associated with the identifier, and the identifier comprises a full identifier of the interference device.9.The second device of claim 6, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the second device to:receive, from the base station, one of the following:a period for transmitting the interference measurement signal; ora resource configuration for transmitting the interference measurement signal.10.The second device of claim 9, wherein one of the following:the resource configuration comprises one of the following:a location of an occasion for the interference measurement signal;a length of the occasion; ora number of one or more occasions for one or more interference measurement signals comprising the interference measurement signal; orthe resource configuration comprises an indication to use an occasion for a midamble or a preamble as an occasion for the interference measurement signal.11.The second device of claim 6, wherein resource information for transmitting the interference measurement signal is indicated based on the interference measurement signal or control information associated with the interference measurement signal.12.The second device of claim 11, wherein one of the following:the control information comprises one of the following:a location of an occasion for the interference measurement signal;a length of the occasion; ora number of one or more occasions for one or more interference measurement signals comprising the interference measurement signal; orthe control information or the interference measurement signal comprises an indication to use an occasion for a midamble or a preamble as an occasion for the interference measurement signal.13.The second device of claim 6, wherein the indication indicating the second device to trigger the transmission of the interference measurement signal indicates the second device to trigger one of the following:the transmission of the interference measurement signal from the second device; orthe transmission of the interference measurement signal from a device served by the second device.14.The second device of claim 6, wherein the second device comprises one of a relay, an integrated access backhaul (IAB) node, a user equipment (UE) , a repeater, or a base station.15.A base station comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the base station to:perform one of the following:transmitting, to a first device, an indication indicating the first device to transmit an interference measurement report related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication; ortransmitting, to a second device, an indication indicating the second device to trigger a transmission of an interference measurement signal related to A-IoT communication.16.The base station of claim 15, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the base station to:transmit, to the first device, a configuration of the interference measurement report, the configuration comprising one of the following:a period for performing an interference measurement;a period for transmitting the interference measurement report;information required to be reported, the information comprising a number of one or more maximum interference levels required to be reported of a set of interference levels corresponding to a set of interference devices, and one or more identifiers associated with one or more interference devices corresponding to the one or more maximum interference levels; ora resource for transmitting the interference measurement report.17.The base station of claim 15, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the base station to:transmit, to the first device or the second device, a structure configuration of the interference measurement signal, the interference measurement signal indicating an identifier associated with an interference device transmitting the interference measurement signal.18.The base station of claim 15, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the base station to:receive, from the first device, the interference measurement report, the interference measurement report comprising an identifier associated with an interference device transmitting an interference measurement signal.19.The base station of claim 15, wherein the indication indicating the second device to trigger the transmission of the interference measurement signal indicates the second device to trigger one of the following:the transmission of the interference measurement signal from the second device; orthe transmission of the interference measurement signal from a device served by the second device.20.The base station of claim 15, wherein transmitting the indication indicating the second device to trigger the transmission of the interference measurement signal comprises:based on receiving, from a further base station, an indication indicating the base station to trigger the transmission of the interference measurement signal, transmitting the indication indicating the second device to transmit the interference measurement signal.
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