Biologically active compounds and methods thereof
New compounds with an isourea or isothiourea moiety address the limitations of existing ferroptosis inducers by enhancing bioavailability and reducing toxicity, effectively inducing ferroptosis in cancer cells.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/139648
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-12-14
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-16
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-19
AI Technical Summary
Current small molecules used to induce ferroptosis in cancer cells often lack comprehensive medicinal properties such as improved oral bioavailability and reduced toxicity.
Development of new compounds featuring an isourea or isothiourea moiety, which are designed to enhance medicinal properties like bioavailability and reduce toxicity while maintaining ferroptosis-inducing capabilities.
The new compounds demonstrate improved bioavailability and reduced toxicity while effectively inducing ferroptosis in cancer cells, offering a more comprehensive therapeutic approach.
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Figure PCTCN2024139648-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2024139648-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2024139648-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND METHODS THEREOFTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] Among other things, the present disclosure provides technologies, e.g., compounds, compositions, methods, etc. that are useful, e.g., for treating various conditions, disorders or diseases.BACKGROUND
[0002] Compounds have been reported to be useful for many applications, including for treating various conditions, disorders or diseases such as cancer. In some embodiments, ferroptosis dysfunction has been reported in many types of cancer.SUMMARY
[0003] Although many small molecules of ferroptosis inducers have been reported, there is still a need for some comprehensive molecules with more medicinal properties, e.g., better oral bioavailability, and / or low toxicity, or combinations thereof. The present disclosure provides various new compounds comprising an isourea or isothiourea moiety.
[0004] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a compound having the structure of formula I: Rb1-Lb1-LR1-R4; I or a salt thereof, wherein: LR1 is -C≡C-, optionally substituted -CH=CH-, -C (O) -, -C (S) -, or -C (NR” ) -; Lb1 is L; Rb1 is R” ; Ring L1 is wherein: M is -N=, -C (Rs1) =, -C (=Y) -; Y is O, S, NRs0; Q is -N=, or -N (Rs21) -, with the provision that only when M is -C (=Y) -, Q is -N (Rs21) -; Z is -C (Rs31) =, -C (Rs31Rs4) -, -N=, -N (Rs5) -, -O-, -C (O) -, -S-; W is -S-, N=C (Rs7) , C (Rs7) =N, C (Rs7) =C (Rs8) , N=N, -C (Rs7Rs8) -, -C (Rs7) =, -N=, -NRs9-, -C (O) N (Rs10) -, -N (Rs10) -C (O) -, -C (O) -, -C (Rs7Rs8) -C (Rs11Rs12) -, -C (Rs7Rs8) -O-, -O-C (Rs7Rs8) -, -C (Rs7Rs8) -NRs9-, -NRs9-C (Rs7Rs8) -; X is C, C (Rs6) , N; each of Rs0, Rs1, Rs21, Rs31, Rs4, Rs5, Rs6, Rs7, Rs8, Rs9, Rs10, Rs11, Rs12 is independently Rs; “*” indicates the atom bonded to R4; a single or double bond (e.g., the bond between M and Q, can be a single or double bond. ) ; R4 is or comprises an isourea or isothiourea moiety, or -Lw-Rw; Lw is a covalent bond, or an optionally substituted bivalent C1-6 aliphatic or heteroaliphatic having 1-6 heteroatoms, wherein one or more methylene unit is optionally and independently replaced with -C (R’) 2-, -Cy-, -O-, -S-, -N (R’) -, -C (O) -, -C (S) -, -C (NR’) -, -C (O) N (R’) -, -C (S) N (R’) -, -C (NR’) N (R’) -, -N (R’) C (O) N (R’) -, -N (R’) C (O) O-, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, -S (O) 2N (R’) -, -C (O) S-, or -C (O) O-; Rw is -T-C (=NRw1) N (Rw2) (Rw3) ; each of Rw1, Rw2 and Rw3 is independently -L-R’ or a detectable moiety; T is O or S; each of Rs is independently R”, halogen, -CN, oxo, -NO2, or an optionally substituted group selected from acyl, acylamino, hydroxy, amino acid, amine, amide, carbamate, ester, ether, carboxylic acid, thio, thioalkyl, thioester, thioether, sulfate, sulfonamide, sulfoxide, sulfonate, sulfone, alkylsulfonyl, and arylsulfonyl; q is 0-10; each R” is independently hydrogen, halogen, -L-R’, -L-OR’, -L-SR’, -L-C (O) OR’, -L-C (O) SR’, -L-C (O) N (R’) 2, -L-OC (O) N (R’) 2, -L-C (O) R’, -L-N (R’) 2, -CN, -OC (R’) 2COOH, -SC (R’) 2COOH, -N (R’) C (R’) 2COOH, or is an optionally substituted group selected from alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, carboxylate, ester, ether, amide, carbohydrate, amino acid, acyl, alkyloxy-substituted acyl, alditol, sulfate, sulfonamide, sulfoxide, sulfonate, sulfone, thioalkyl, thioester, and thioether; each R’ is independently R, -OR, -C (O) R, -C (O) OR, -C (O) N (R) 2, -S (O) R, or -S (O) OR; each L is independently a covalent bond, or an optionally substituted bivalent C1-10 aliphatic or heteroaliphatic having 1-6 heteroatoms, wherein one or more methylene unit is optionally and independently replaced with -C (R’) 2-, -Cy-, -O-, -S-, -N (R’) -, -C (O) -, -C (S) -, -C (NR’) -, -C (O) N (R’) -, -C (S) N (R’) -, -C (NR’) N (R’) -, -N (R’) C (O) N (R’) -, -N (R’) C (O) O-, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, -S (O) 2N (R’) -, -C (O) S-, or -C (O) O-; each -Cy-is independently an optionally substituted, 3-20 membered, monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic ring having 0-10 heteroatoms; each R is independently -H, or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-20 aliphatic, C1-20 heteroaliphatic having 1-10 heteroatoms, C6-20 aryl, 5-20 membered heteroaryl having 1-10 heteroatoms, 3-20 membered heterocyclyl having 1-10 heteroatoms and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-30 carbon atoms and 0-10 heteroatoms; or: two R groups are optionally and independently taken together to form a covalent bond, or: two or more R groups on the same atom are optionally and independently taken together with the atom to form an optionally substituted, 3-20 membered, monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic ring having, in addition to the atom, 0-10 heteroatoms; or: two or more R groups on two or more atoms are optionally and independently taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted, 3-30 membered, monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic ring having, in addition to the intervening atoms, 0-10 heteroatoms; each optionally substituent mentioned previously is independently and optionally selected from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, oxo, =S, =NR#, N3, –CF3, -S (O) 2-C1-4 alkyl, or R#; R#is independently H, C1-6 aliphatic, C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-4 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered cycloalkyl, or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-6 carbon atoms and 0-3 heteroatoms; or: two or more R#groups are optionally and independently taken together with their intervening atom (s) to form an optionally substituted, 3-8 membered ring having, in addition to the intervening atom (s) , 0-4 heteroatoms.
[0005] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a compound having the structure of I-1: or a salt thereof, wherein: is optionally substituted wherein “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1; Rs1 is -N (R) 2, -NH (OR) , or -NH-C (R) 3; R4 is -CH2-O-C (=NH) N (Rw2) (Rw3) ; and Rw2 and Rw3 are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted, 5-6 membered ring having, in addition to the nitrogen atom which they are attached, 0-5 heteroatoms; each R is independently -H, or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-6 aliphatic, C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-3 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-8 carbon atoms and 0-4 heteroatoms; or: two or more R groups on the same atom are optionally and independently taken together with the atom to form an optionally substituted, 3-8 membered ring having, in addition to the atom, 0-4 heteroatoms; Lb1 is an optionally substituted 5-8 membered ring having 0-4 heteroatoms; Rb1 is independently hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -S (O) 2-C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 haloalkyl (e.g., –CF2H, – CF3, etc. ) , C1-4 aliphatic (e.g., C1-3 alkyl) , C1-4 heteroaliphatic having 1-3 heteroatoms; wherein each substituent is independently selected from halogen (e.g., -F, -Cl, -Br, or -I) , C1-6 haloalkyl (e.g., –CF2H, –CF3, etc. ) , C1-6 aliphatic, and C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-4 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered cycloalkyl, or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-6 carbon atoms and 0-3 heteroatoms.
[0006] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a compound having the structure of I-1a: or a salt thereof, wherein: Rs1 is -N (R) 2, -NH (OR) , or -NH-C (R) 3; R4 is -CH2-O-C (=NH) N (Rw2) (Rw3) ; and Rw2 and Rw3 are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted ring selected from morpholinyl or tetrahydropyrrolyl; each R is independently -H, or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-6 aliphatic, C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-3 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-8 carbon atoms and 0-4 heteroatoms; or: two or more R groups on the same atom are optionally and independently taken together with the atom to form an optionally substituted, 3-8 membered ring having, in addition to the atom, 0-4 heteroatoms; wherein each substituent is independently selected from halogen (e.g., -F, -Cl, -Br, or -I) , C1-6 haloalkyl (e.g., –CF2H, –CF3, etc. ) , C1-6 aliphatic, and C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-4 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered cycloalkyl, or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-6 carbon atoms and 0-3 heteroatoms.
[0007] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a compound having the structure of BI-1: or a salt thereof, wherein: Ring D is a 5-6 membered saturated ring having, in addition to the nitrogen and oxygen atoms attached to the carbon atom to which -CF3 is attached, 0 heteroatom; Rs1 is -N (R) 2, -NHOR, or -NH-C (R) 3; each of Rs2 and Rs3 is independently CH3, or Rs2 and Rs3 are optionally taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 5-membered ring; each R is independently -H, or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-6 aliphatic, C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-3 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-8 carbon atoms and 0-4 heteroatoms; or: two or more R groups on the same atom are optionally and independently taken together with the atom to form an optionally substituted, 3-8 membered ring having, in addition to the atom, 0-4 heteroatoms; Lb2 is independently wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to Rb2; Rb2 is an optionally substituted group selected from phenyl, morpholinyl and tetrahydropyrrolyl; wherein each substituent is independently selected from halogen (e.g., -F, -Cl, -Br, or -I) , C1-6 haloalkyl (e.g., –CF2H, –CF3, etc. ) , C1-6 aliphatic, and C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-4 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered cycloalkyl, or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-6 carbon atoms and 0-3 heteroatoms.
[0008] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a compound having the structure of BI-2: or a salt thereof, wherein: Rs1 is -N (R) 2 or -NH-C (R) 3; each R is independently -H, or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-6 aliphatic, C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-3 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-8 carbon atoms and 0-4 heteroatoms; or: two or more R groups on the same atom are optionally and independently taken together with the atom to form an optionally substituted, 3-8 membered ring having, in addition to the atom, 0-4 heteroatoms; Lb2 is independently wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to Rb2; Rb2 is independently optionally substituted phenyl, morpholinyl; wherein each substituent is independently selected from halogen (e.g., -F, -Cl, -Br, or -I) , C1-6 haloalkyl (e.g., –CF2H, –CF3, etc. ) , C1-6 aliphatic, and C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-4 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered cycloalkyl, or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-6 carbon atoms and 0-3 heteroatoms.
[0009] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a compound having the structure of formula B: Rb-Lb-LR-R4#; B or a salt thereof, wherein: LR is wherein “*” indicates the atom bonded to R4#; Lb is -Cy1-, wherein -Cy1-is a bivalent 5-20 membered, monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic aromatic ring having 0-10 heteroatoms; Rb is -Cy2, wherein -Cy2 is an optionally substituted 5-20 membered aromatic ring having 0-10 heteroatoms, or an optionally substituted 3-20 membered saturated or partially saturated ring having 0-10 heteroatoms; R4#is -Lw#-Rw#; Lw#is a bivalent optionally substituted C1 alkyl; Rw#is -T-C (=NRw1#) N (Rw2#) (Rw3#) ; each of Rw1#, Rw2#and Rw3#is independently -L-R’ or a detectable moiety; T is O or S; each of Rs1, Rs2 and Rs3 is independently Rs; Rs is independently hydrogen, halogen, -CN, oxo, -NO2, -L-R’, -L-OR’, -L-SR’, -L-C (O) OR’, -L-C (O) SR’, -L-C (O) N (R’) 2, -L-OC (O) N (R’) 2, -L-C (O) R’, -L-N (R’) 2, -CN, -OC (R’) 2COOH, -SC (R’) 2COOH, -N (R’) C (R’) 2COOH, or is an optionally substituted group selected from alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, carboxylate, ester, ether, amide, carbohydrate, amino acid, acyl, alkyloxy-substituted acyl, alditol, sulfate, sulfonamide, sulfoxide, sulfonate, sulfone, thioalkyl, thioester, and thioether; each R’ is independently R, -OR, -C (O) R, -C (O) OR, -C (O) N (R) 2, -S (O) R, or -S (O) OR; each L is independently a covalent bond, or an optionally substituted bivalent C1-10 aliphatic or heteroaliphatic having 1-6 heteroatoms, wherein one or more methylene unit is optionally and independently replaced with -C (R’) 2-, -O-, -S-, -N (R’) -, -C (O) -, -C (S) -, -C (NR’) -, -C (O) N (R’) -, -C (S) N (R’) -, -C (NR’) N (R’) -, -N (R’) C (O) N (R’) -, -N (R’) C (O) O-, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, -S (O) 2N (R’) -, -C (O) S-, or -C (O) O-; and each R is independently -H, or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-10 aliphatic, C1-10 heteroaliphatic having 1-5 heteroatoms, 3-14 membered heterocyclyl having 1-7 heteroatoms and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-14 carbon atoms and 0-6 heteroatoms; or: two R groups are optionally and independently taken together to form a covalent bond, or: two or more R groups on the same atom are optionally and independently taken together with the atom to form an optionally substituted, 3-20 membered, monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic ring having, in addition to the atom, 0-10 heteroatoms; or: two or more R groups on two or more atoms are optionally and independently taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted, 3-20 membered, monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic ring having, in addition to the intervening atoms, 0-10 heteroatoms; each substituent is independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, oxo, =S, =NR#, N3, –CF3, or R#; R#is independently H, C1-6 aliphatic, C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-4 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered cycloalkyl, or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-6 carbon atoms and 0-3 heteroatoms; or: two or more R#groups are optionally and independently taken together with their intervening atom (s) to form an optionally substituted, 3-8 membered ring having, in addition to the intervening atom (s) , 0-4 heteroatoms.
[0010] In some embodiments, Cy2 is an optionally substituted 5-20 membered aromatic ring having 0-10 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Cy2 is an optionally substituted 5-8 (e.g., 5-6, 5-7, 5, 6, 7, or 8 etc. ) membered aromatic monocyclic ring having 0-5 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Cy2 is an optionally substituted 5-8 (e.g., 5-6, 5-7, 5, 6, 7, or 8 etc. ) membered saturated or partially saturated ring having 0-5 heteroatoms.
[0011] In some embodiments, Cy1 is optionally substituted with H, halo (e.g., F, Cl, Br, I) , C1-3 alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, etc. ) , C1-4 heteroaliphatic having 1-4 heteroatoms (e.g., methoxyl, -NHCH3, etc. ) . In some embodiments, Lb is none substituted.
[0012] In some embodiments, Cy2 is optionally substituted with H, halo (e.g., F, Cl, Br, I) , C1-3 alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, etc. ) , C1-4 heteroaliphatic having 1-4 heteroatoms (e.g., methoxyl, -O-CH2-C≡H, etc. ) . In some embodiments, Rb is optionally substituted with F, methyl, or -O-CH2-C≡H.
[0013] In some embodiments, Rs1 is optionally substituted with H, halo (e.g., F, Cl, Br, I) , hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, -CF3, C1-3 alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, Isopropyl, etc. ) , C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-4 heteroatoms (e.g., methoxyl, etc. ) , 3-6 membered cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, etc. ) , or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-6 carbon atoms and 0-3 heteroatoms.
[0014] In some embodiments, R4#is optionally substituted with H, halo (e.g., F, Cl, Br, I) , C1-4 aliphatic (e.g., C1-3 alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, etc. ) , C1-4 heteroaliphatic having 1-4 heteroatoms, (e.g., C1-3 haloalkyl, such as -CF3, -CH2CF3; or C1-3 alkoxyl, such as methoxyl, ethoxyl; etc. ) . In some embodiments, R4 is optionally substituted with -CF3. In some embodiments, R4 is optionally substituted with -CHF2.
[0015] In some embodiments, Rs1 of formula B is -L-R’, wherein L, and R’ are independent as described herein. For example, in some embodiments, Rs1 is -N (R’) 2, wherein each R’ is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -NHR, wherein R is independently an optionally substituted C1-10 aliphatic, C1-10 heteroaliphatic having 1-5 heteroatoms, 3-14 membered heterocyclyl having 1-7 heteroatoms and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -N (R’) -C (R) 3, wherein each R is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-10 aliphatic, C1-10 heteroaliphatic having 1-5 heteroatoms, 3-14 membered heterocyclyl having 1-7 heteroatoms and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-14 carbon atoms and 0-6 heteroatoms; R’is hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-6 aliphatic, C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-3 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -NH-C (R) 3, wherein each R is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -NH-C (R) 3, wherein each R is independently an optionally substituted C1-10 aliphatic, C1-10 heteroaliphatic having 1-5 heteroatoms, 3-14 membered heterocyclyl having 1-7 heteroatoms and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -NH-C (R) 3, wherein each R is independently selected from an optionally substituted group consisting of C1-10 aliphatic, C1-10 heteroaliphatic having 1-5 heteroatoms, 3-14 membered heterocyclyl having 1-7 heteroatoms and combinations thereof, and two or more R groups are optionally and independently taken together with the carbon atom to form an optionally substituted, 3-10 membered, monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic ring having 0-5 heteroatoms.
[0016] In some embodiments, Rs1 of formula B is -NH-C (R) 3, wherein each R is independently selected from an optionally substituted group consisting of C1-6 aliphatic, C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-2 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered cycloalkyl, 3-6 membered heterocyclyl having 1-2 heteroatoms and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-6 carbon atoms and 0-3 heteroatoms; or two or more R group are optionally and independently taken together with the carbon atom to form an optionally substituted, 3-8 membered, monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms.
[0017] In some embodiments, Lb is an optionally substituted 5-8 membered aromatic ring unit having 0-4 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Lb is an optionally substituted 5-8 membered, monocyclic aromatic ring unit having 0-4 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Lb is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered, monocyclic aromatic ring unit having 0-4 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Lb is an optionally substituted phenyl ring. In some embodiments, Lb is an optionally substituted bivalent 1, 4-phenylene. In some embodiments, Lb is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Lb is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered, monocyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms, and at least one heteroatom is nitrogen atom. In some embodiments, Lb is bivalent pyridinyl. In some embodiments, Lb is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to LR. In some embodiments, Lb is bivalent pyrimidinyl. In some embodiments, Lb is a bivalent pyrimidinyl. In some embodiments, Lb is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to LR. In some embodiments, Lb is a bivalent imidazolyl. In some embodiments, Lb is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to Rb.
[0018] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a compound having the structure of B-1: or a salt thereof, wherein: Rs1 is -N (R) 2, -NH (OR) , or -NH-C (R) 3; each of Rs2 and Rs3 is independently C1-6 aliphatic, C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-3 heteroatoms, or Rs2 and Rs3 are optionally taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a 3-6 membered optionally substituted saturated carbocyclic ring; each of R is independently H, or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-4 aliphatic, C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-2 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered cycloalkyl, and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-6 carbon atoms and 0-3 heteroatoms, or two or more R groups on the same atom are optionally and independently taken together with the atom to form an optionally substituted, 3-6 membered, monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatom; Lb is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered, monocyclic aromatic ring having 1-4 heteroatoms; Rb is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered aromatic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms, or an optionally substituted 5-6 membered saturated monocyclic ring having 0-3 heteroatoms; R4#is -CH2-O-C (=NH) N (Rw2#) (Rw3#) ; and Rw2#and Rw3#are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted, 5-6 membered saturated ring having, in addition to the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, 0-5 heteroatoms, wherein the optionally substituted ring does not contain ring D; Ring D is an optionally substituted moiety of and Ring D is an optionally substituted 5-15 membered ring having, in addition to the nitrogen and oxygen atoms attached to the carbon atom to which -CF3 is attached, 0-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; and wherein each substituent is independently selected from halogen (e.g., -F, -Cl, -Br, or -I) , C1-6 haloalkyl (e.g., –CF2H, –CF3, etc. ) , C1-6 aliphatic, and C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-4 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered cycloalkyl, or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-6 carbon atoms and 0-3 heteroatoms.
[0019] In some embodiments, the present disclosure of formula B or B-1 provides a compound having the structure of B-1a: or a salt thereof, wherein: Rs1 is -N (R) 2, -NHOR, or -NH-C (R) 3; each of R is independently H, or selected from a group consisting of C1-4 aliphatic, C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-2 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered cycloalkyl, and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-6 carbon atoms and 0-3 heteroatoms, or two or more R group on the same atom are optionally and independently taken together with the atom to form an optionally substituted, 3-6 membered, monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatom; Lb is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered, monocyclic aromatic ring unit having 1-4 heteroatoms; Rb is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered aromatic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms, or optionally substituted 5-6 membered saturated monocyclic ring having 0-3 heteroatoms; R4#is -CH2-O-C (=NH) N (Rw2#) (Rw3#) ; and Rw2#and Rw3#are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted, 5-6 membered saturated ring having, in addition to the nitrogen atom which they are attached, 0-5 heteroatoms, wherein the optionally substituted ring does not contain ring D; Ring D is an optionally substituted moiety of and Ring D is an optionally substituted 5-15 membered ring having, in addition to the nitrogen and oxygen atoms attached to the carbon atom to which -CF3 is attached, 0-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; and wherein each substituent is independently selected from halogen (e.g., -F, -Cl, -Br, or -I) , C1-6 haloalkyl (e.g., –CF2H, –CF3, etc. ) , C1-6 aliphatic, and C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-4 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered cycloalkyl, or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-6 carbon atoms and 0-3 heteroatoms.
[0020] In some embodiments, the present disclosure of formula B or B-1 provides a compound having the structure of B-1b: or a salt thereof, wherein: Rs1 is -N (R) 2, -NHOR, or -NH-C (R) 3; each of R is independently H, or selected from a group consisting of C1-4 aliphatic, C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-2 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered cycloalkyl, and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-6 carbon atoms and 0-3 heteroatoms, or two or more R group on the same atom are optionally and independently taken together with the atom to form an optionally substituted, 3-6 membered, monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatom; Lb is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered, monocyclic aromatic ring unit having 1-4 heteroatoms; Rb is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered aromatic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms, or optionally substituted 5-6 membered saturated monocyclic ring having 0-3 heteroatoms; R4#is -CH2-O-C (=NH) N (Rw2#) (Rw3#) ; and Rw2#and Rw3#are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted, 5-6 membered saturated ring having, in addition to the nitrogen atom which they are attached, 0-5 heteroatoms, wherein the optionally substituted ring does not contain ring D; wherein each substituent is independently selected from halogen (e.g., -F, -Cl, -Br, or -I) , C1-6 haloalkyl (e.g., –CF2H, –CF3, etc. ) , C1-6 aliphatic, and C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-4 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered cycloalkyl, or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-6 carbon atoms and 0-3 heteroatoms.
[0021] In some embodiments, the present disclosure of formula B or B-1 provides a compound or a salt thereof, wherein: Rs1 is -N (R) 2, -NHOR, or -NH-C (R) 3; each of Rs3 and Rs2 is independently C1-6 aliphatic, C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-3 heteroatoms, or Rs3 and Rs2 are optionally taken together with the carbon atom which they are attached to form an additional 3-6 membered saturated carbocyclic; each of R is independently H, or selected from a group consisting of C1-4 aliphatic, C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-2 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered cycloalkyl, and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-6 carbon atoms and 0-3 heteroatoms, or two or more R group on the same atom are optionally and independently taken together with the atom to form an optionally substituted, 3-6 membered, monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatom; Lb is independently pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazolyl; Rb is independently and optionally substituted phenyl, morpholinyl or tetrahydropyrrolyl; R4#is -CH2-O-C (=NH) N (Rw2#) (Rw3#) ; and Rw2#and Rw3#are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted ring selected from morpholinyl or tetrahydropyrrolyl; wherein each substituent is independently selected from halogen (e.g., -F, -Cl, -Br, or -I) , C1-6 haloalkyl (e.g., –CF2H, –CF3, etc. ) , C1-6 aliphatic, and C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-4 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered cycloalkyl, or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-6 carbon atoms and 0-3 heteroatoms.
[0022] In some embodiments, the present disclosure of formula B, B-1 or B-1a provides a compound or a salt thereof, wherein: Rs1 is -N (R) 2, -NHOR, or -NH-C (R) 3; each of R is independently H, or selected from a group consisting of C1-4 aliphatic, C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-2 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered cycloalkyl, and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-6 carbon atoms and 0-3 heteroatoms, or two or more R group on the same atom are optionally and independently taken together with the atom to form an optionally substituted, 3-6 membered, monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatom; Lb is independently pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazolyl; Rb is independently and optionally substituted phenyl, morpholinyl or tetrahydropyrrolyl; R4#is -CH2-O-C (=NH) N (Rw2#) (Rw3#) ; and Rw2#and Rw3#are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted ring selected from morpholinyl or tetrahydropyrrolyl; wherein each substituent is independently selected from halogen (e.g., -F, -Cl, -Br, or -I) , C1-6 haloalkyl (e.g., –CF2H, –CF3, etc. ) , C1-6 aliphatic, and C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-4 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered cycloalkyl, or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-6 carbon atoms and 0-3 heteroatoms.
[0023] In some embodiments, the present disclosure of formula B, B-1 or B-1b provides a compound or a salt thereof, wherein: Rs1 is -N (R) 2, -NHOR, or -NH-C (R) 3; each of R is independently H, or selected from a group consisting of C1-4 aliphatic, C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-2 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered cycloalkyl, and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-6 carbon atoms and 0-3 heteroatoms, or two or more R group on the same atom are optionally and independently taken together with the atom to form an optionally substituted, 3-6 membered, monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatom; Lb is independently pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazolyl; Rb is independently and optionally substituted phenyl, morpholinyl or tetrahydropyrrolyl; R4#is -CH2-O-C (=NH) N (Rw2#) (Rw3#) ; and Rw2#and Rw3#are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted ring selected from morpholinyl or tetrahydropyrrolyl; wherein each substituent is independently selected from halogen (e.g., -F, -Cl, -Br, or -I) , C1-6 haloalkyl (e.g., –CF2H, –CF3, etc. ) , C1-6 aliphatic, and C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-4 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered cycloalkyl, or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-6 carbon atoms and 0-3 heteroatoms.
[0024] In some embodiments, the present disclosure of formula B, B-1 or B-1a provides a compound or a salt thereof, wherein: Rs1 is -NHOR, or -NH-C (R) 3; each of Rs3 and Rs2 is independently CH3, or Rs3 and Rs2 are optionally taken together with the carbon atom which they are attached to form a cyclopentyl; each of R is independently H, or selected from a group consisting of C1-4 aliphatic, C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-2 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered cycloalkyl, and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-6 carbon atoms and 0-3 heteroatoms, or two or more R group on the same atom are optionally and independently taken together with the atom to form an optionally substituted, 3-6 membered, monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatom; Lb is independently pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazolyl; Rb is independently and optionally substituted morpholinyl or tetrahydropyrrolyl; R4#is -CH2-O-C (=NH) N (Rw2#) (Rw3#) ; and Rw2#and Rw3#are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted ring selected from morpholinyl or tetrahydropyrrolyl; wherein each substituent is independently selected from halogen (e.g., -F, -Cl, -Br, or -I) , C1-6 haloalkyl (e.g., –CF2H, –CF3, etc. ) , C1-6 aliphatic, and C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-4 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered cycloalkyl, or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-6 carbon atoms and 0-3 heteroatoms.
[0025] In some embodiments, provided compounds are biological active and are useful for one or more properties and / or activities of various biological agents such polypeptides. In some embodiments, provided compounds are inhibitors. In some embodiments, provided compounds are covalent inhibitors. In some embodiments, a urea or isothiourea moiety is released after a compound comprising such a moiety is contacted with an agent comprising a nucleophile, e.g., -SH, -SeH, etc. In some embodiments, provided technologies, e.g., compounds, compositions, methods, etc., selectively react with certain nucleophile moieties over others. In some embodiments, provided technologies selectively react with -SeH nucleophiles over -SH nucleophiles. In some embodiments, provided technologies selectively react with selenocysteine residues over cysteine residues. In some embodiments, a selectivity is about or at least about 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500, 1000 folds under comparable conditions.
[0026] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides technologies for introducing a moiety into a system. In some embodiments, provided technologies comprise generating a urea from an isourea moiety, or a thiourea from an isothiourea moiety.
[0027] Provided technologies are useful for many applications. For example, in some embodiments, provided technologies are useful for modulating a propertie and an activity of a polypeptide. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides technologies for modulating a property of a polypeptide. I In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides technologies for modulating a property of a polypeptide in a system, comprising administering or delivering to the system a provided compound or composition. n some embodiments, the present disclosure provides technologies for inhibiting a property of a polypeptide. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a nucleophilic moiety, e.g., -SeH, -SH, etc. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a selenocysteine residue. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a cysteine residue. In some embodiments, upon contact with a provided compound, a selenocysteine residue is covalently modified. In some embodiments, upon contact with a provided compound, a cysteine residue is covalently modified. In some embodiments, upon contact with a provided compound, a selenocysteine residue is covalently modified to a higher level compared to a cysteine residue in the same polypeptide. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a characteristic sequence element of a GPX4. In some embodiments, a characteristic sequence element comprises an amino acid residue comprising -SeH. In some embodiments, a characteristic sequence element comprises selenocysteine. In some embodiments, a characteristic sequence element comprises an amino acid residue comprising -SH. In some embodiments, a characteristic sequence element comprises cysteine. In some embodiments, a polypeptide is GPX4. In some embodiments, a system an in vivo system. In some embodiments, a system an in vitro system. In some embodiments, a system is or comprises a cell. In some embodiments, a system is or comprises a tissue. In some embodiments, a system is or comprises an organ. In some embodiments, a system is a subject. In some embodiments, a system is an animal. In some embodiments, a system is a human. In some embodiments, an activity is modulated. In some embodiments, an activitie is inhibited.
[0028] In some embodiments, provided technologies can inhibit cell proliferation. In some embodiments, provided technologies provide higher levels of ferroptosis compared to absence of the technologies or reference technologies. In some embodiments, provided technologies can induce or increase ferroptosis.
[0029] In some embodiments, provided compounds are useful for preventing or treating various conditions, disorders or diseases. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method for preventing or treating a condition, disorder or disease, comprising administering or delivering to a subject susceptible thereto or suffering therefrom an effective amount of a provided compound or composition. In some embodiments, a condition, disorder or disease is a proliferative condition, disorder or disease. In some embodiments, a condition, disorder or disease is cancer. In some embodiments, a condition, disorder or disease is associated with GPX4. In some embodiments, a subject benefit from increased level of ferroptosis.
[0030] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising or delivering a provided compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0031] Those skilled in the art reading the present disclosure will appreciate that isourea and / or isothiourea moieties described herein may be utilized for various purposes. For example, they can be utilized to replace leaving groups, e.g., halogen, in various agents for many applications, including replacing leaving groups in various biologically active compounds.
[0032] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides technologies for manufacturing various compounds. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods comprising reacting a first compound comprising a -OH group or a salt thereof with a second compound comprising -CN to form an isourea moiety. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods comprising reacting a first compound comprising a -OH group or a salt thereof with a second compound comprising -N=C=N-to form an isourea moiety.
[0033] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides technologies for assessing or characterizing various compounds and compositions. Many technologies, e.g., cells, animal models etc., can be utilized in accordance with the present disclosure. Certain useful technologies are described in the Examples. In some embodiments, modifications of amino acid residues, e.g., selenocysteine and / or cysteine amino acid residues, may be assessed using mass spectrometry.
[0034] As appreciated by those skilled in the art, compounds of the present disclosure may be provided in various forms, e.g., salts, esters, solvates, prodrugs, etc. In some embodiments, a provided compound is in a salt form. In some embodiments, a provided compound is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form. In some embodiments, a provided compound is in a solvate form. In some embodiments, a provided compound is a prodrug. In some embodiments, a provided compound is an ester. In some embodiments, a compound is provided as a single stereoisomer. In some embodiments, a compound is provided in a mixture or two or more stereoisomers. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN EMBODIMENTS
[0035] Technologies of the present disclosure may be understood more readily by reference to the following detailed description of certain embodiments. Definitions
[0036] As used herein, the following definitions shall apply unless otherwise indicated. For purposes of this disclosure, the chemical elements are identified in accordance with the Periodic Table of the Elements, CAS version, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 75th Ed. Additionally, general principles of organic chemistry are described in "Organic Chemistry" , Thomas Sorrell, University Science Books, Sausalito: 1999, and "March's Advanced Organic Chemistry" , 5th Ed., Ed.: Smith, M. B. and March, J., John Wiley & Sons, New York: 2001.
[0037] As used herein in the present disclosure, unless otherwise clear from context, (i) the term “a” or “an” may be understood to mean “at least one” ; (ii) the term “or” may be understood to mean “and / or” ; (iii) the terms “comprising” , “comprise” , “including” (whether used with “not limited to” or not) , and “include” (whether used with “not limited to” or not) may be understood to encompass itemized components or steps whether presented by themselves or together with one or more additional components or steps; (iv) the term “another” may be understood to mean at least an additional / second one or more; (v) the terms “about” and “approximately” may be understood to permit standard variation as would be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art; and (vi) where ranges are provided, endpoints are included. Unless otherwise clear from context, isomers of compounds are included. As those skilled in the art, compounds may be provided, administered, or delivered in various forms, e.g., salts (e.g., pharmaceutically acceptable salts) , solvates, hydrates, esters, prodrugs, tautomers, etc.
[0038] Aliphatic: As used herein, “aliphatic” means a straight-chain (i.e., unbranched) or branched, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon chain that is completely saturated or that contains one or more units of unsaturation (but not aromatic) , or a substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic, bicyclic, or polycyclic hydrocarbon ring that is completely saturated or that contains one or more units of unsaturation (but not aromatic) , or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-50 aliphatic carbon atoms. In some embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-20 aliphatic carbon atoms. In other embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-10 aliphatic carbon atoms. In other embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-9 aliphatic carbon atoms. In other embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-8 aliphatic carbon atoms. In other embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-7 aliphatic carbon atoms. In other embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-6 aliphatic carbon atoms. In still other embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-5 aliphatic carbon atoms, and in yet other embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1, 2, 3, or 4 aliphatic carbon atoms. Suitable aliphatic groups include, but are not limited to, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl groups and hybrids thereof such as (cycloalkyl) alkyl, (cycloalkenyl) alkyl or (cycloalkyl) alkenyl.
[0039] Alkenyl: As used herein, the term “alkenyl” refers to an aliphatic group, as defined herein, having one or more double bonds.
[0040] Alkyl: As used herein, the term “alkyl” is given its ordinary meaning in the art and may include saturated aliphatic groups, including straight-chain alkyl groups, branched-chain alkyl groups, cycloalkyl (alicyclic) groups, alkyl substituted cycloalkyl groups, and cycloalkyl substituted alkyl groups. In some embodiments, alkyl has 1-100 carbon atoms. In certain embodiments, a straight chain or branched chain alkyl has about 1-20 carbon atoms in its backbone (e.g., C1-C20 for straight chain, C2-C20 for branched chain) , and alternatively, about 1-10. In some embodiments, cycloalkyl rings have from about 3-10 carbon atoms in their ring structure where such rings are monocyclic, bicyclic, or polycyclic, and alternatively about 5, 6 or 7 carbons in the ring structure. In some embodiments, an alkyl group may be a lower alkyl group, wherein a lower alkyl group comprises 1-4 carbon atoms (e.g., C1-C4 for straight chain lower alkyls) .
[0041] Alkynyl: As used herein, the term “alkynyl” refers to an aliphatic group, as defined herein, having one or more triple bonds.
[0042] Animal: As used herein, the term “animal” refers to any member of the animal kingdom. In some embodiments, “animal” refers to humans, at any stage of development. In some embodiments, “animal” refers to non-human animals, at any stage of development. In certain embodiments, the non-human animal is a mammal (e.g., a rodent, a mouse, a rat, a rabbit, a monkey, a dog, a cat, a sheep, cattle, a primate and / or a pig) . In some embodiments, animals include, but are not limited to, mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish and / or worms. In some embodiments, an animal may be a transgenic animal, a genetically-engineered animal and / or a clone.
[0043] Aryl: The term “aryl", as used herein, used alone or as part of a larger moiety as in “aralkyl, ” “aralkoxy, ” or “aryloxyalkyl, ” refers to monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic ring systems having a total of five to thirty ring members, wherein at least one ring in the system is aromatic. In some embodiments, an aryl group is a monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic ring system having a total of five to fourteen ring members, wherein at least one ring in the system is aromatic, and wherein each ring in the system contains 3 to 7 ring members. In some embodiments, each monocyclic ring unit is aromatic. In some embodiments, an aryl group is a biaryl group. The term “aryl” may be used interchangeably with the term “aryl ring. ” In certain embodiments of the present disclosure, “aryl” refers to an aromatic ring system which includes, but is not limited to, phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, binaphthyl, anthracyl and the like, which may bear one or more substituents. Also included within the scope of the term “aryl, ” as it is used herein, is a group in which an aromatic ring is fused to one or more non–aromatic rings, such as indanyl, phthalimidyl, naphthimidyl, phenanthridinyl, or tetrahydronaphthyl, and the like.
[0044] Characteristic portion: As used herein, the term “characteristic portion” , in the broadest sense, refers to a portion of a substance whose presence (or absence) correlates with presence (or absence) of a particular feature, attribute, or activity of the substance. In some embodiments, a characteristic portion of a substance is a portion that is found in the substance and in related substances that share the particular feature, attribute or activity, but not in those that do not share the particular feature, attribute or activity. In certain embodiments, a characteristic portion shares at least one functional characteristic with the intact substance. For example, in some embodiments, a “characteristic portion” of a protein or polypeptide is one that contains a continuous stretch of amino acids, or a collection of amino acids, in some embodiments, a collection of continuous stretches of amino acids, that together are characteristic of a protein or polypeptide. In some embodiments, each such continuous stretch generally contains at least 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 50, or more amino acids. In general, a characteristic portion of a substance (e.g., of a protein, antibody, etc. ) is one that, in addition to the sequence and / or structural identity specified above, shares at least one functional characteristic with the relevant intact substance. In some embodiments, a characteristic portion may be biologically active.
[0045] Characteristic sequence element: As used herein, the phrase “characteristic sequence element” refers to a sequence element found in a polymer (e.g., in a polypeptide or nucleic acid) that represents a characteristic portion of that polymer. In some embodiments, presence of a characteristic sequence element correlates with presence or level of a particular activity or property of the polymer. In some embodiments, presence (or absence) of a characteristic sequence element defines a particular polymer as a member (or not a member) of a particular family or group of such polymers. A characteristic sequence element typically comprises at least two monomers (e.g., amino acids or nucleotides) . In some embodiments, a characteristic sequence element includes at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, or more monomers (e.g., contiguously linked monomers) . In some embodiments, a characteristic sequence element includes at least first and second stretches of contiguous monomers spaced apart by one or more spacer regions whose length may or may not vary across polymers that share the sequence element.
[0046] Comparable: The term “comparable” is used herein to describe two (or more) sets of conditions or circumstances that are sufficiently similar to one another to permit comparison of results obtained or phenomena observed. In some embodiments, comparable sets of conditions or circumstances are characterized by a plurality of substantially identical features and one or a small number of varied features. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that sets of conditions are comparable to one another when characterized by a sufficient number and type of substantially identical features to warrant a reasonable conclusion that differences in results obtained or phenomena observed under the different sets of conditions or circumstances are caused by or indicative of the variation in those features that are varied.
[0047] Cycloaliphatic: The term “cycloaliphatic, ” “carbocycle, ” “carbocyclyl, ” “carbocyclic radical, ” and “carbocyclic ring, ” are used interchangeably, and as used herein, refer to saturated or partially unsaturated, but non-aromatic, cyclic aliphatic monocyclic, bicyclic, or polycyclic ring systems, as described herein, having, unless otherwise specified, from 3 to 30 ring members. Cycloaliphatic groups include, without limitation, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, cycloheptenyl, cyclooctyl, cyclooctenyl, norbornyl, adamantyl, and cyclooctadienyl. In some embodiments, a cycloaliphatic group has 3–6 carbons. In some embodiments, a cycloaliphatic group is saturated and is cycloalkyl. The term “cycloaliphatic” may also include aliphatic rings that are fused to one or more aromatic or nonaromatic rings, such as decahydronaphthyl or tetrahydronaphthyl. In some embodiments, a cycloaliphatic group is bicyclic. In some embodiments, a cycloaliphatic group is tricyclic. In some embodiments, a cycloaliphatic group is polycyclic. In some embodiments, “cycloaliphatic” refers to C3-C6 monocyclic hydrocarbon, or C8-C10 bicyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon, that is completely saturated or that contains one or more units of unsaturation, but which is not aromatic, that has a single point of attachment to the rest of the molecule, or a C9-C16 polycyclic hydrocarbon that is completely saturated or that contains one or more units of unsaturation, but which is not aromatic, that has a single point of attachment to the rest of the molecule.
[0048] Heteroaliphatic: The term “heteroaliphatic” , as used herein, is given its ordinary meaning in the art and refers to aliphatic groups as described herein in which one or more carbon atoms are independently replaced with one or more heteroatoms (e.g., oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, silicon, phosphorus, and the like) . In some embodiments, one or more units selected from C, CH, CH2, and CH3 are independently replaced by one or more heteroatoms (including oxidized and / or substituted forms thereof) . In some embodiments, a heteroaliphatic group is heteroalkyl. In some embodiments, a heteroaliphatic group is heteroalkenyl.
[0049] Heteroalkyl: The term “heteroalkyl” , as used herein, is given its ordinary meaning in the art and refers to alkyl groups as described herein in which one or more carbon atoms are independently replaced with one or more heteroatoms (e.g., oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, silicon, phosphorus, and the like) . Examples of heteroalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, alkoxy, poly (ethylene glycol) -, alkyl-substituted amino, tetrahydrofuranyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, etc.
[0050] Heteroaryl: The terms “heteroaryl” and “heteroar–” , as used herein, used alone or as part of a larger moiety, e.g., “heteroaralkyl, ” or “heteroaralkoxy, ” refer to monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic ring systems having a total of five to thirty ring members, wherein at least one ring in the system is aromatic and at least one aromatic ring atom is a heteroatom. In some embodiments, a heteroaryl group is a group having 5 to 10 ring atoms (i.e., monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic) , in some embodiments 5, 6, 9, or 10 ring atoms. In some embodiments, each monocyclic ring unit is aromatic. In some embodiments, a heteroaryl group has 6, 10, or 14 π electrons shared in a cyclic array; and having, in addition to carbon atoms, from one to five heteroatoms. Heteroaryl groups include, without limitation, thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, indolizinyl, purinyl, naphthyridinyl, and pteridinyl. In some embodiments, a heteroaryl is a heterobiaryl group, such as bipyridyl and the like. The terms “heteroaryl” and “heteroar–” , as used herein, also include groups in which a heteroaromatic ring is fused to one or more aryl, cycloaliphatic, or heterocyclyl rings, where the radical or point of attachment is on the heteroaromatic ring. Non-limiting examples include indolyl, isoindolyl, benzothienyl, benzofuranyl, dibenzofuranyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzthiazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, 4H–quinolizinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, and pyrido [2, 3–b] –1, 4–oxazin–3 (4H) –one. A heteroaryl group may be monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic. The term “heteroaryl” may be used interchangeably with the terms “heteroaryl ring, ” “heteroaryl group, ” or “heteroaromatic, ” any of which terms include rings that are optionally substituted. The term “heteroaralkyl” refers to an alkyl group substituted by a heteroaryl group, wherein the alkyl and heteroaryl portions independently are optionally substituted.
[0051] Heteroatom: The term “heteroatom" , as used herein, means an atom that is not carbon or hydrogen. In some embodiments, a heteroatom is boron, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, or silicon (including oxidized forms of nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, or silicon; charged forms of nitrogen (e.g., quaternized forms, forms as in iminium groups, etc. ) , phosphorus, sulfur, oxygen; etc. ) . In some embodiments, a heteroatom is silicon, phosphorus, oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen. In some embodiments, a heteroatom is silicon, oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen. In some embodiments, a heteroatom is oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen.
[0052] Heterocycle: As used herein, the terms “heterocycle, ” “heterocyclyl, ” “heterocyclic radical, ” and “heterocyclic ring", as used herein, are used interchangeably and refer to a monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic ring moiety (e.g., 3-30 membered) that is saturated or partially unsaturated and has one or more heteroatom ring atoms. In some embodiments, a heterocyclyl group is a stable 5–to 7–membered monocyclic or 7–to 10–membered bicyclic heterocyclic moiety that is either saturated or partially unsaturated, and having, in addition to carbon atoms, one or more, preferably one to four, heteroatoms, as defined above. When used in reference to a ring atom of a heterocycle, the term "nitrogen" includes substituted nitrogen. As an example, in a saturated or partially unsaturated ring having 0–3 heteroatoms selected from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen, the nitrogen may be N (as in 3, 4–dihydro–2H–pyrrolyl) , NH (as in pyrrolidinyl) , or +NR (as in N–substituted pyrrolidinyl) . A heterocyclic ring can be attached to its pendant group at any heteroatom or carbon atom that results in a stable structure and any of the ring atoms can be optionally substituted. Examples of such saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic radicals include, without limitation, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, decahydroquinolinyl, oxazolidinyl, piperazinyl, dioxanyl, dioxolanyl, diazepinyl, oxazepinyl, thiazepinyl, morpholinyl, and quinuclidinyl. The terms “heterocycle, ” “heterocyclyl, ” “heterocyclyl ring, ” “heterocyclic group, ” “heterocyclic moiety, ” and “heterocyclic radical, ” are used interchangeably herein, and also include groups in which a heterocyclyl ring is fused to one or more aryl, heteroaryl, or cycloaliphatic rings, such as indolinyl, 3H–indolyl, chromanyl, phenanthridinyl, or tetrahydroquinolinyl. A heterocyclyl group may be monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic. The term “heterocyclylalkyl” refers to an alkyl group substituted by a heterocyclyl, wherein the alkyl and heterocyclyl portions independently are optionally substituted.
[0053] Optionally Substituted: As described herein, compounds of the disclosure may contain optionally substituted and / or substituted moieties. In general, the term “substituted, ” whether preceded by the term “optionally” or not, means that one or more hydrogens of the designated moiety are replaced with a suitable substituent. Unless otherwise indicated, an “optionally substituted” group may have a suitable substituent at each substitutable position of the group, and when more than one position in any given structure may be substituted with more than one substituent selected from a specified group, the substituent may be either the same or different at every position. In some embodiments, an optionally substituted group is unsubstituted. Combinations of substituents envisioned by this disclosure are preferably those that result in the formation of stable or chemically feasible compounds. The term “stable, ” as used herein, refers to compounds that are not substantially altered when subjected to conditions to allow for their production, detection, and, in certain embodiments, their recovery, purification, and use for one or more of the purposes disclosed herein. Certain substituents are described below.
[0054] Monovalent substituents are independently halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, N3, C1-6 haloalkyl (e.g., –CF2H, –CF3, etc. ) , -S (O) 2-C1-4 alkyl, or R#; wherein R#is independently H, C1-6 aliphatic, C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-4 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered cycloalkyl, or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-6 carbon atoms and 0-3 heteroatoms; or two or more R#groups are optionally and independently taken together with their intervening atom (s) to form an optionally substituted, 3-8 membered ring having, in addition to the intervening atom (s) , 0-4 heteroatoms.
[0055] Divalent substituents are independently the following: oxo (=O) , =S, =NR#, -C (R#) 2-, - (NR#) 2-, wherein each independent occurrence of R#is independently H, C1-6 aliphatic, C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-4 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered cycloalkyl, or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-6 carbon atoms and 0-3 heteroatoms. Divalent substituents on a saturated carbon atom of R#are independently =O or =S. In some embodiments, each heteroatom independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
[0056] Partially unsaturated: As used herein, the term “partially unsaturated” refers to a ring moiety that includes at least one double or triple bond. The term “partially unsaturated” is intended to encompass rings having multiple sites of unsaturation, but is not intended to include aryl or heteroaryl moieties, as herein defined.
[0057] Pharmaceutical composition: As used herein, the term “pharmaceutical composition” refers to an active agent, formulated together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. In some embodiments, an active agent is present in unit dose amount appropriate for administration in a therapeutic regimen that shows a statistically significant probability of achieving a predetermined therapeutic effect when administered to a relevant population. In some embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions may be specially formulated for administration in solid or liquid form, including those adapted for the following: oral administration, for example, drenches (aqueous or non-aqueous solutions or suspensions) , tablets, e.g., those targeted for buccal, sublingual, and systemic absorption, boluses, powders, granules, pastes for application to the tongue; parenteral administration, for example, by subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous or epidural injection as, for example, a sterile solution or suspension, or sustained-release formulation; topical application, for example, as a cream, ointment, or a controlled-release patch or spray applied to the skin, lungs, or oral cavity; intravaginally or intrarectally, for example, as a pessary, cream, or foam; sublingually; ocularly; transdermally; or nasally, pulmonary, and to other mucosal surfaces.
[0058] Pharmaceutically acceptable: As used herein, the phrase “pharmaceutically acceptable” refers to those compounds, materials, compositions and / or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, commensurate with a reasonable benefit / risk ratio.
[0059] Pharmaceutically acceptable carrier: As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” means a pharmaceutically-acceptable material, composition or vehicle, such as a liquid or solid filler, diluent, excipient, or solvent encapsulating material, involved in carrying or transporting the subject compound from one organ, or portion of the body, to another organ, or portion of the body. Each carrier must be “acceptable” in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not injurious to the patient. Some examples of materials which can serve as pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers include: sugars, such as lactose, glucose and sucrose; starches, such as corn starch and potato starch; cellulose, and its derivatives, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate; powdered tragacanth; malt; gelatin; talc; excipients, such as cocoa butter and suppository waxes; oils, such as peanut oil, cottonseed oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, olive oil, corn oil and soybean oil; glycols, such as propylene glycol; polyols, such as glycerin, sorbitol, mannitol and polyethylene glycol; esters, such as ethyl oleate and ethyl laurate; agar; buffering agents, such as magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide; alginic acid; pyrogen-free water; isotonic saline; Ringer’s solution; ethyl alcohol; pH buffered solutions; polyesters, polycarbonates and / or polyanhydrides; and other non-toxic compatible substances employed in pharmaceutical formulations.
[0060] Pharmaceutically acceptable salt: The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” , as used herein, refers to salts of such compounds that are appropriate for use in pharmaceutical contexts, i.e., salts which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response and the like, and are commensurate with a reasonable benefit / risk ratio. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are well known in the art. For example, S.M. Berge, et al. describes pharmaceutically acceptable salts in detail in J. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 66: 1-19 (1977) . In some embodiments, pharmaceutically acceptable salt include, but are not limited to, nontoxic acid addition salts, which are salts of an amino group formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and perchloric acid or with organic acids such as acetic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid or malonic acid or by using other methods used in the art such as ion exchange. In some embodiments, pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bisulfate, borate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, citrate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, glucoheptonate, glycerophosphate, gluconate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonate, lactobionate, lactate, laurate, lauryl sulfate, malate, maleate, malonate, methanesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, phosphate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, stearate, succinate, sulfate, tartrate, thiocyanate, p-toluenesulfonate, undecanoate, valerate salts, and the like. In some embodiments, a provided compound comprises one or more acidic groups, and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt is an alkali, alkaline earth metal, or ammonium (e.g., an ammonium salt of N (R) 3, wherein each R is independently defined and described in the present disclosure) salt. Representative alkali or alkaline earth metal salts include sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the like. In some embodiments, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt is a sodium salt. In some embodiments, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt is a potassium salt. In some embodiments, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt is a calcium salt. In some embodiments, pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, when appropriate, nontoxic ammonium, quaternary ammonium, and amine cations formed using counterions such as halide, hydroxide, carboxylate, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, alkyl having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, sulfonate and aryl sulfonate. In some embodiments, a provided compound comprises two or more acid groups. In some embodiments, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or generally a salt, of such a compound comprises two or more cations, which can be the same or different. In some embodiments, in a pharmaceutically acceptable salt (or generally, a salt) , all ionizable hydrogen (e.g., in an aqueous solution with a pKa no more than about 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, or 2; in some embodiments, no more than about 7; in some embodiments, no more than about 6; in some embodiments, no more than about 5; in some embodiments, no more than about 4; in some embodiments, no more than about 3) in the acidic groups are replaced with cations.
[0061] Polypeptide: As used herein refers to a polymeric chain of amino acids. In some embodiments, a polypeptide has an amino acid sequence that occurs in nature. In some embodiments, a polypeptide has an amino acid sequence that does not occur in nature. In some embodiments, a polypeptide has an amino acid sequence that is engineered in that it is designed and / or produced through action of the hand of man. In some embodiments, a polypeptide may comprise or consist of natural amino acids, non-natural amino acids, or both. In some embodiments, a polypeptide may comprise or consist of only natural amino acids or only non-natural amino acids. In some embodiments, a polypeptide may comprise D-amino acids, L-amino acids, or both. In some embodiments, a polypeptide may comprise only D-amino acids. In some embodiments, a polypeptide may comprise only L-amino acids. In some embodiments, a polypeptide may include one or more pendant groups or other modifications, e.g., modifying or attached to one or more amino acid side chains, at the polypeptide’s N-terminus, at the polypeptide’s C-terminus, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, such pendant groups or modifications may be selected from the group consisting of acetylation, amidation, lipidation, methylation, pegylation, etc., including combinations thereof. In some embodiments, a polypeptide may be cyclic, and / or may comprise a cyclic portion. In some embodiments, a polypeptide is not cyclic and / or does not comprise any cyclic portion. In some embodiments, a polypeptide is linear. In some embodiments, a polypeptide may be or comprise a stapled polypeptide. In some embodiments, the term “polypeptide” may be appended to a name of a reference polypeptide, activity, or structure; in such instances it is used herein to refer to polypeptides that share the relevant activity or structure and thus can be considered to be members of the same class or family of polypeptides. For each such class, the present specification provides and / or those skilled in the art will be aware of exemplary polypeptides within the class whose amino acid sequences and / or functions are known; in some embodiments, such exemplary polypeptides are reference polypeptides for the polypeptide class or family. In some embodiments, a member of a polypeptide class or family shows significant sequence homology or identity with, shares a common sequence motif (e.g., a characteristic sequence element) with, and / or shares a common activity (in some embodiments at a comparable level or within a designated range) with a reference polypeptide of the class; in some embodiments with all polypeptides within the class) . For example, in some embodiments, a member polypeptide shows an overall degree of sequence homology or identity with a reference polypeptide that is at least about 30-40%, and is often greater than about 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or more and / or includes at least one region (e.g., a conserved region that may in some embodiments be or comprise a characteristic sequence element) that shows very high sequence identity, often greater than 90%or even 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%. Such a conserved region usually encompasses at least 3-4 and often up to 20 or more amino acids; in some embodiments, a conserved region encompasses at least one stretch of at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or more contiguous amino acids. In some embodiments, a relevant polypeptide may comprise or consist of a fragment of a parent polypeptide. In some embodiments, a useful polypeptide as may comprise or consist of a plurality of fragments, each of which is found in the same parent polypeptide in a different spatial arrangement relative to one another than is found in the polypeptide of interest (e.g., fragments that are directly linked in the parent may be spatially separated in the polypeptide of interest or vice versa, and / or fragments may be present in a different order in the polypeptide of interest than in the parent) , so that the polypeptide of interest is a derivative of its parent polypeptide.
[0062] Protecting group: The term “protecting group, ” as used herein, is well known in the art and includes those described in detail in Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis, T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1999, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. Also included are those protecting groups specially adapted for nucleoside and nucleotide chemistry described in Current Protocols in Nucleic Acid Chemistry, edited by Serge L. Beaucage et al. 06 / 2012, the entirety of Chapter 2 is incorporated herein by reference. Suitable amino–protecting groups include methyl carbamate, ethyl carbamante, 9–fluorenylmethyl carbamate (Fmoc) , 9– (2–sulfo) fluorenylmethyl carbamate, 9– (2, 7–dibromo) fluoroenylmethyl carbamate, 2, 7–di–t–butyl– [9– (10, 10–dioxo–10, 10, 10, 10–tetrahydrothioxanthyl) ] methyl carbamate (DBD–Tmoc) , 4–methoxyphenacyl carbamate (Phenoc) , 2, 2, 2–trichloroethyl carbamate (Troc) , 2–trimethylsilylethyl carbamate (Teoc) , 2–phenylethyl carbamate (hZ) , 1– (1–adamantyl) –1–methylethyl carbamate (Adpoc) , 1, 1–dimethyl–2–haloethyl carbamate, 1, 1–dimethyl–2, 2–dibromoethyl carbamate (DB–t–BOC) , 1, 1–dimethyl–2, 2, 2–trichloroethyl carbamate (TCBOC) , 1–methyl–1– (4–biphenylyl) ethyl carbamate (Bpoc) , 1– (3, 5–di–t–butylphenyl) –1–methylethyl carbamate (t–Bumeoc) , 2– (2’ –and 4’ –pyridyl) ethyl carbamate (Pyoc) , 2– (N, N–dicyclohexylcarboxamido) ethyl carbamate, t–butyl carbamate (BOC) , 1–adamantyl carbamate (Adoc) , vinyl carbamate (Voc) , allyl carbamate (Alloc) , 1–isopropylallyl carbamate (Ipaoc) , cinnamyl carbamate (Coc) , 4–nitrocinnamyl carbamate (Noc) , 8–quinolyl carbamate, N–hydroxypiperidinyl carbamate, alkyldithio carbamate, benzyl carbamate (Cbz) , p–methoxybenzyl carbamate (Moz) , p–nitobenzyl carbamate, p–bromobenzyl carbamate, p–chlorobenzyl carbamate, 2, 4–dichlorobenzyl carbamate, 4–methylsulfinylbenzyl carbamate (Msz) , 9–anthrylmethyl carbamate, diphenylmethyl carbamate, 2–methylthioethyl carbamate, 2–methylsulfonylethyl carbamate, 2– (p–toluenesulfonyl) ethyl carbamate, [2– (1, 3–dithianyl) ] methyl carbamate (Dmoc) , 4–methylthiophenyl carbamate (Mtpc) , 2, 4–dimethylthiophenyl carbamate (Bmpc) , 2–phosphonioethyl carbamate (Peoc) , 2–triphenylphosphonioisopropyl carbamate (Ppoc) , 1, 1–dimethyl–2–cyanoethyl carbamate, m–chloro–p–acyloxybenzyl carbamate, p– (dihydroxyboryl) benzyl carbamate, 5–benzisoxazolylmethyl carbamate, 2– (trifluoromethyl) –6–chromonylmethyl carbamate (Tcroc) , m–nitrophenyl carbamate, 3, 5–dimethoxybenzyl carbamate, o–nitrobenzyl carbamate, 3, 4–dimethoxy–6–nitrobenzyl carbamate, phenyl (o–nitrophenyl) methyl carbamate, phenothiazinyl– (10) –carbonyl derivative, N’–p–toluenesulfonylaminocarbonyl derivative, N’ –phenylaminothiocarbonyl derivative, t–amyl carbamate, S–benzyl thiocarbamate, p–cyanobenzyl carbamate, cyclobutyl carbamate, cyclohexyl carbamate, cyclopentyl carbamate, cyclopropylmethyl carbamate, p–decyloxybenzyl carbamate, 2, 2–dimethoxycarbonylvinyl carbamate, o– (N, N–dimethylcarboxamido) benzyl carbamate, 1, 1–dimethyl–3– (N, N–dimethylcarboxamido) propyl carbamate, 1, 1–dimethylpropynyl carbamate, di (2–pyridyl) methyl carbamate, 2–furanylmethyl carbamate, 2–iodoethyl carbamate, isoborynl carbamate, isobutyl carbamate, isonicotinyl carbamate, p– (p’ –methoxyphenylazo) benzyl carbamate, 1–methylcyclobutyl carbamate, 1–methylcyclohexyl carbamate, 1–methyl–1–cyclopropylmethyl carbamate, 1–methyl–1– (3, 5–dimethoxyphenyl) ethyl carbamate, 1–methyl–1– (p–phenylazophenyl) ethyl carbamate, 1–methyl–1–phenylethyl carbamate, 1–methyl–1– (4–pyridyl) ethyl carbamate, phenyl carbamate, p– (phenylazo) benzyl carbamate, 2, 4, 6–tri–t–butylphenyl carbamate, 4– (trimethylammonium) benzyl carbamate, 2, 4, 6–trimethylbenzyl carbamate, formamide, acetamide, chloroacetamide, trichloroacetamide, trifluoroacetamide, phenylacetamide, 3–phenylpropanamide, picolinamide, 3–pyridylcarboxamide, N–benzoylphenylalanyl derivative, benzamide, p–phenylbenzamide, o–nitophenylacetamide, o–nitrophenoxyacetamide, acetoacetamide, (N’ –dithiobenzyloxycarbonylamino) acetamide, 3– (p–hydroxyphenyl) propanamide, 3– (o–nitrophenyl) propanamide, 2–methyl–2– (o–nitrophenoxy) propanamide, 2–methyl–2– (o–phenylazophenoxy) propanamide, 4–chlorobutanamide, 3–methyl–3–nitrobutanamide, o–nitrocinnamide, N–acetylmethionine derivative, o–nitrobenzamide, o– (benzoyloxymethyl) benzamide, 4, 5–diphenyl–3–oxazolin–2–one, N–phthalimide, N–dithiasuccinimide (Dts) , N–2, 3–diphenylmaleimide, N–2, 5–dimethylpyrrole, N–1, 1, 4, 4–tetramethyldisilylazacyclopentane adduct (STABASE) , 5–substituted 1, 3–dimethyl–1, 3, 5–triazacyclohexan–2–one, 5–substituted 1, 3–dibenzyl–1, 3, 5–triazacyclohexan–2–one, 1–substituted 3, 5–dinitro–4–pyridone, N–methylamine, N–allylamine, N– [2– (trimethylsilyl) ethoxy] methylamine (SEM) , N–3–acetoxypropylamine, N– (1–isopropyl–4–nitro–2–oxo–3–pyroolin–3–yl) amine, quaternary ammonium salts, N–benzylamine, N–di (4–methoxyphenyl) methylamine, N–5–dibenzosuberylamine, N–triphenylmethylamine (Tr) , N– [ (4–methoxyphenyl) diphenylmethyl] amine (MMTr) , N–9–phenylfluorenylamine (PhF) , N–2, 7–dichloro–9–fluorenylmethyleneamine, N–ferrocenylmethylamino (Fcm) , N–2–picolylamino N’ –oxide, N–1, 1–dimethylthiomethyleneamine, N–benzylideneamine, N–p–methoxybenzylideneamine, N–diphenylmethyleneamine, N– [ (2–pyridyl) mesityl] methyleneamine, N– (N’, N’ –dimethylaminomethylene) amine, N, N’ –isopropylidenediamine, N–p–nitrobenzylideneamine, N–salicylideneamine, N–5–chlorosalicylideneamine, N– (5–chloro–2–hydroxyphenyl) phenylmethyleneamine, N–cyclohexylideneamine, N– (5, 5–dimethyl–3–oxo–1–cyclohexenyl) amine, N–borane derivative, N–diphenylborinic acid derivative, N– [phenyl (pentacarbonylchromium–or tungsten) carbonyl] amine, N–copper chelate, N–zinc chelate, N–nitroamine, N–nitrosoamine, amine N–oxide, diphenylphosphinamide (Dpp) , dimethylthiophosphinamide (Mpt) , diphenylthiophosphinamide (Ppt) , dialkyl phosphoramidates, dibenzyl phosphoramidate, diphenyl phosphoramidate, benzenesulfenamide, o–nitrobenzenesulfenamide (Nps) , 2, 4–dinitrobenzenesulfenamide, pentachlorobenzenesulfenamide, 2–nitro–4–methoxybenzenesulfenamide, triphenylmethylsulfenamide, 3–nitropyridinesulfenamide (Npys) , p–toluenesulfonamide (Ts) , benzenesulfonamide, 2, 3, 6, –trimethyl–4–methoxybenzenesulfonamide (Mtr) , 2, 4, 6–trimethoxybenzenesulfonamide (Mtb) , 2, 6–dimethyl–4–methoxybenzenesulfonamide (Pme) , 2, 3, 5, 6–tetramethyl–4–methoxybenzenesulfonamide (Mte) , 4–methoxybenzenesulfonamide (Mbs) , 2, 4, 6–trimethylbenzenesulfonamide (Mts) , 2, 6–dimethoxy–4–methylbenzenesulfonamide (iMds) , 2, 2, 5, 7, 8–pentamethylchroman–6–sulfonamide (Pmc) , methanesulfonamide (Ms) , β–trimethylsilylethanesulfonamide (SES) , 9–anthracenesulfonamide, 4– (4’, 8’ –dimethoxynaphthylmethyl) benzenesulfonamide (DNMBS) , benzylsulfonamide, trifluoromethylsulfonamide, and phenacylsulfonamide.
[0063] Suitably protected carboxylic acids further include, but are not limited to, silyl–, alkyl–, alkenyl–, aryl–, and arylalkyl–protected carboxylic acids. Examples of suitable silyl groups include trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, t–butyldimethylsilyl, t–butyldiphenylsilyl, triisopropylsilyl, and the like. Examples of suitable alkyl groups include methyl, benzyl, p–methoxybenzyl, 3, 4–dimethoxybenzyl, trityl, t–butyl, tetrahydropyran–2–yl. Examples of suitable alkenyl groups include allyl. Examples of suitable aryl groups include optionally substituted phenyl, biphenyl, or naphthyl. Examples of suitable arylalkyl groups include optionally substituted benzyl (e.g., p–methoxybenzyl (MPM) , 3, 4–dimethoxybenzyl, O–nitrobenzyl, p–nitrobenzyl, p–halobenzyl, 2, 6–dichlorobenzyl, p–cyanobenzyl) , and 2–and 4–picolyl.
[0064] Suitable hydroxyl protecting groups include methyl, methoxylmethyl (MOM) , methylthiomethyl (MTM) , t–butylthiomethyl, (phenyldimethylsilyl) methoxymethyl (SMOM) , benzyloxymethyl (BOM) , p–methoxybenzyloxymethyl (PMBM) , (4–methoxyphenoxy) methyl (p–AOM) , guaiacolmethyl (GUM) , t–butoxymethyl, 4–pentenyloxymethyl (POM) , siloxymethyl, 2–methoxyethoxymethyl (MEM) , 2, 2, 2–trichloroethoxymethyl, bis (2–chloroethoxy) methyl, 2– (trimethylsilyl) ethoxymethyl (SEMOR) , tetrahydropyranyl (THP) , 3–bromotetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, 1–methoxycyclohexyl, 4–methoxytetrahydropyranyl (MTHP) , 4–methoxytetrahydrothiopyranyl, 4–methoxytetrahydrothiopyranyl S, S–dioxide, 1– [ (2–chloro–4–methyl) phenyl] –4–methoxypiperidin–4–yl (CTMP) , 1, 4–dioxan–2–yl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiofuranyl, 2, 3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7a–octahydro–7, 8, 8–trimethyl–4, 7–methanobenzofuran–2–yl, 1–ethoxyethyl, 1– (2–chloroethoxy) ethyl, 1–methyl–1–methoxyethyl, 1–methyl–1–benzyloxyethyl, 1–methyl–1–benzyloxy–2–fluoroethyl, 2, 2, 2–trichloroethyl, 2–trimethylsilylethyl, 2– (phenylselenyl) ethyl, t–butyl, allyl, p–chlorophenyl, p–methoxyphenyl, 2, 4–dinitrophenyl, benzyl, p–methoxybenzyl, 3, 4–dimethoxybenzyl, o–nitrobenzyl, p–nitrobenzyl, p–halobenzyl, 2, 6–dichlorobenzyl, p–cyanobenzyl, p–phenylbenzyl, 2–picolyl, 4–picolyl, 3–methyl–2–picolyl N–oxido, diphenylmethyl, p, p’ –dinitrobenzhydryl, 5–dibenzosuberyl, triphenylmethyl, α–naphthyldiphenylmethyl, p–methoxyphenyldiphenylmethyl, di (p–methoxyphenyl) phenylmethyl, tri (p–methoxyphenyl) methyl, 4– (4’ –bromophenacyloxyphenyl) diphenylmethyl, 4, 4’, 4” –tris (4, 5–dichlorophthalimidophenyl) methyl, 4, 4’, 4” –tris (levulinoyloxyphenyl) methyl, 4, 4’, 4” –tris (benzoyloxyphenyl) methyl, 3– (imidazol–1–yl) bis (4’, 4” –dimethoxyphenyl) methyl, 1, 1–bis (4–methoxyphenyl) –1’ –pyrenylmethyl, 9–anthryl, 9– (9–phenyl) xanthenyl, 9– (9–phenyl–10–oxo) anthryl, 1, 3–benzodithiolan–2–yl, benzisothiazolyl S, S–dioxido, trimethylsilyl (TMS) , triethylsilyl (TES) , triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) , dimethylisopropylsilyl (IPDMS) , diethylisopropylsilyl (DEIPS) , dimethylthexylsilyl, t–butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) , t–butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS) , tribenzylsilyl, tri–p–xylylsilyl, triphenylsilyl, diphenylmethylsilyl (DPMS) , t–butylmethoxyphenylsilyl (TBMPS) , formate, benzoylformate, acetate, chloroacetate, dichloroacetate, trichloroacetate, trifluoroacetate, methoxyacetate, triphenylmethoxyacetate, phenoxyacetate, p–chlorophenoxyacetate, 3–phenylpropionate, 4–oxopentanoate (levulinate) , 4, 4– (ethylenedithio) pentanoate (levulinoyldithioacetal) , pivaloate, adamantoate, crotonate, 4–methoxycrotonate, benzoate, p–phenylbenzoate, 2, 4, 6–trimethylbenzoate (mesitoate) , alkyl methyl carbonate, 9–fluorenylmethyl carbonate (Fmoc) , alkyl ethyl carbonate, alkyl 2, 2, 2–trichloroethyl carbonate (Troc) , 2– (trimethylsilyl) ethyl carbonate (TMSEC) , 2– (phenylsulfonyl) ethyl carbonate (Psec) , 2– (triphenylphosphonio) ethyl carbonate (Peoc) , alkyl isobutyl carbonate, alkyl vinyl carbonate alkyl allyl carbonate, alkyl p–nitrophenyl carbonate, alkyl benzyl carbonate, alkyl p–methoxybenzyl carbonate, alkyl 3, 4–dimethoxybenzyl carbonate, alkyl o–nitrobenzyl carbonate, alkyl p–nitrobenzyl carbonate, alkyl S–benzyl thiocarbonate, 4–ethoxy–1–napththyl carbonate, methyl dithiocarbonate, 2–iodobenzoate, 4–azidobutyrate, 4–nitro–4–methylpentanoate, o– (dibromomethyl) benzoate, 2–formylbenzenesulfonate, 2– (methylthiomethoxy) ethyl, 4– (methylthiomethoxy) butyrate, 2– (methylthiomethoxymethyl) benzoate, 2, 6–dichloro–4–methylphenoxyacetate, 2, 6–dichloro–4– (1, 1, 3, 3–tetramethylbutyl) phenoxyacetate, 2, 4–bis(1, 1–dimethylpropyl) phenoxyacetate, chlorodiphenylacetate, isobutyrate, monosuccinoate, (E) –2–methyl–2–butenoate, o– (methoxycarbonyl) benzoate, α–naphthoate, nitrate, alkyl N, N, N’, N’ –tetramethylphosphorodiamidate, alkyl N–phenylcarbamate, borate, dimethylphosphinothioyl, alkyl 2, 4–dinitrophenylsulfenate, sulfate, methanesulfonate (mesylate) , benzylsulfonate, and tosylate (Ts) . For protecting 1, 2–or 1, 3–diols, the protecting groups include methylene acetal, ethylidene acetal, 1–t–butylethylidene ketal, 1–phenylethylidene ketal, (4–methoxyphenyl) ethylidene acetal, 2, 2, 2–trichloroethylidene acetal, acetonide, cyclopentylidene ketal, cyclohexylidene ketal, cycloheptylidene ketal, benzylidene acetal, p–methoxybenzylidene acetal, 2, 4–dimethoxybenzylidene ketal, 3, 4–dimethoxybenzylidene acetal, 2–nitrobenzylidene acetal, methoxymethylene acetal, ethoxymethylene acetal, dimethoxymethylene ortho ester, 1–methoxyethylidene ortho ester, 1–ethoxyethylidine ortho ester, 1, 2–dimethoxyethylidene ortho ester, α–methoxybenzylidene ortho ester, 1– (N, N–dimethylamino) ethylidene derivative, α– (N, N’ –dimethylamino) benzylidene derivative, 2–oxacyclopentylidene ortho ester, di–t–butylsilylene group (DTBS) , 1, 3– (1, 1, 3, 3–tetraisopropyldisiloxanylidene) derivative (TIPDS) , tetra–t–butoxydisiloxane–1, 3–diylidene derivative (TBDS) , cyclic carbonates, cyclic boronates, ethyl boronate, and phenyl boronate.
[0065] In some embodiments, a hydroxyl protecting group is acetyl, t-butyl, tbutoxymethyl, methoxymethyl, tetrahydropyranyl, 1 -ethoxyethyl, 1 - (2-chloroethoxy) ethyl, 2-trimethylsilylethyl, p-chlorophenyl, 2, 4-dinitrophenyl, benzyl, benzoyl, p-phenylbenzoyl, 2, 6-dichlorobenzyl, diphenylmethyl, p-nitrobenzyl, triphenylmethyl (trityl) , 4, 4'-dimethoxytrityl, trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl, t-butyldiphenylsilyl, triphenylsilyl, triisopropylsilyl, benzoylformate, chloroacetyl, trichloroacetyl, trifiuoroacetyl, pivaloyl, 9-fluorenylmethyl carbonate, mesylate, tosylate, triflate, trityl, monomethoxytrityl (MMTr) , 4, 4'-dimethoxytrityl, (DMTr) and 4, 4', 4” -trimethoxytrityl (TMTr) , 2-cyanoethyl (CE or Cne) , 2- (trimethylsilyl) ethyl (TSE) , 2- (2-nitrophenyl) ethyl, 2- (4-cyanophenyl) ethyl 2- (4-nitrophenyl) ethyl (NPE) , 2- (4-nitrophenylsulfonyl) ethyl, 3, 5-dichlorophenyl, 2, 4-dimethylphenyl, 2-nitrophenyl, 4-nitrophenyl, 2, 4, 6-trimethylphenyl, 2- (2-nitrophenyl) ethyl, butylthiocarbonyl, 4, 4', 4” -tris (benzoyloxy) trityl, diphenylcarbamoyl, levulinyl, 2- (dibromomethyl) benzoyl (Dbmb) , 2- (isopropylthiomethoxymethyl) benzoyl (Ptmt) , 9-phenylxanthen-9-yl (pixyl) or 9- (p-methoxyphenyl) xanthine-9-y1 (MOX) . In some embodiments, each of the hydroxyl protecting groups is, independently selected from acetyl, benzyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl, t-butyldiphenylsilyl and 4, 4'-dimethoxytrityl. In some embodiments, the hydroxyl protecting group is selected from the group consisting of trityl, monomethoxytrityl and 4, 4'-dimethoxytrityl group. In some embodiments, a protecting group is attached to a sulfur atom of an phosphorothioate group. In some embodiments, a protecting group is attached to an oxygen atom of an internucleotide phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, a protecting group is attached to an oxygen atom of the internucleotide phosphate linkage. In some embodiments a protecting group is 2-cyanoethyl (CE or Cne) , 2-trimethylsilylethyl, 2-nitroethyl, 2-sulfonylethyl, methyl, benzyl, o-nitrobenzyl, 2- (p-nitrophenyl) ethyl (NPE or Npe) , 2-phenylethyl, 3- (N-tert-butylcarboxamido) -1-propyl, 4-oxopentyl, 4-methylthio-l-butyl, 2-cyano-1, 1-dimethylethyl, 4-N-methylaminobutyl, 3- (2-pyridyl) -1-propyl, 2- [N-methyl-N- (2-pyridyl) ] aminoethyl, 2- (N-formyl, N-methyl) aminoethyl, or 4- [N-methyl-N- (2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetyl) amino] butyl.
[0066] Subject: As used herein, the term “subject” or “test subject” refers to any organism to which a compound or composition is administered in accordance with the present disclosure e.g., for experimental, diagnostic, prophylactic and / or therapeutic purposes. Typical subjects include animals (e.g., mammals such as mice, rats, rabbits, non-human primates, and humans; insects; worms; etc. ) and plants. In some embodiments, a subject is a human. In some embodiments, a subject may be suffering from and / or susceptible to a disease, disorder and / or condition.
[0067] Susceptible to: An individual who is “susceptible to” a disease, disorder and / or condition is one who has a higher risk of developing the disease, disorder and / or condition than does a member of the general public. In some embodiments, an individual who is susceptible to a disease, disorder and / or condition is predisposed to have that disease, disorder and / or condition. In some embodiments, an individual who is susceptible to a disease, disorder and / or condition may not have been diagnosed with the disease, disorder and / or condition. In some embodiments, an individual who is susceptible to a disease, disorder and / or condition may exhibit symptoms of the disease, disorder and / or condition. In some embodiments, an individual who is susceptible to a disease, disorder and / or condition may not exhibit symptoms of the disease, disorder and / or condition. In some embodiments, an individual who is susceptible to a disease, disorder, and / or condition will develop the disease, disorder, and / or condition. In some embodiments, an individual who is susceptible to a disease, disorder, and / or condition will not develop the disease, disorder, and / or condition.
[0068] Therapeutic agent: As used herein, the term “therapeutic agent” in general refers to any agent that elicits a desired effect (e.g., a desired biological, clinical, or pharmacological effect) when administered to a subject. In some embodiments, an agent is considered to be a therapeutic agent if it demonstrates a statistically significant effect across an appropriate population. In some embodiments, an appropriate population is a population of subjects suffering from and / or susceptible to a disease, disorder or condition. In some embodiments, an appropriate population is a population of model organisms. In some embodiments, an appropriate population may be defined by one or more criterion such as age group, gender, genetic background, preexisting clinical conditions, prior exposure to therapy. In some embodiments, a therapeutic agent is a substance that alleviates, ameliorates, relieves, inhibits, prevents, delays onset of, reduces severity of, and / or reduces incidence of one or more symptoms or features of a disease, disorder, and / or condition in a subject when administered to the subject in an effective amount. In some embodiments, a “therapeutic agent” is an agent that has been or is required to be approved by a government agency before it can be marketed for administration to humans. In some embodiments, a “therapeutic agent” is an agent for which a medical prescription is required for administration to humans. In some embodiments, a therapeutic agent is a provided compound.
[0069] Therapeutically effective amount: As used herein, the term “therapeutically effective amount” means an amount of a substance (e.g., a therapeutic agent, composition, and / or formulation) that elicits a desired biological response when administered as part of a therapeutic regimen. In some embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount of a substance is an amount that is sufficient, when administered to a subject suffering from or susceptible to a disease, disorder, and / or condition, to treat, diagnose, prevent, and / or delay the onset of the disease, disorder, and / or condition. As will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in this art, the effective amount of a substance may vary depending on such factors as the desired biological endpoint, the substance to be delivered, the target cell or tissue, etc. For example, the effective amount of compound in a formulation to treat a disease, disorder, and / or condition is the amount that alleviates, ameliorates, relieves, inhibits, prevents, delays onset of, reduces severity of and / or reduces incidence of one or more symptoms or features of the disease, disorder, and / or condition. In some embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount is administered in a single dose; in some embodiments, multiple unit doses are required to deliver a therapeutically effective amount.
[0070] Treat: As used herein, the term “treat, ” “treatment, ” or “treating” refers to any method used to partially or completely alleviate, ameliorate, relieve, inhibit, prevent, delay onset of, reduce severity of, and / or reduce incidence of one or more symptoms or features of a disease, disorder, and / or condition. Treatment may be administered to a subject who does not exhibit signs of a disease, disorder, and / or condition. In some embodiments, treatment may be administered to a subject who exhibits only early signs of the disease, disorder, and / or condition, for example for the purpose of decreasing the risk of developing pathology associated with the disease, disorder, and / or condition.
[0071] Unsaturated: The term "unsaturated, " as used herein, means that a moiety has one or more units of unsaturation.
[0072] As those skilled in the art will appreciate, methods and compositions described herein relating to provided compounds generally also apply to tautomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, etc. of such compounds. In some embodiments, a compound may be provided as a tautomer, salt, solvate, or a combination (e.g., a solvate of a salt) thereof. Description of Certain Embodiments
[0073] Among other things, the present disclosure provides compounds and compositions and methods thereof. In some embodiments, present disclosure provides technologies that are useful for preventing or treating various conditions, disorders or diseases. Certain embodiments of provided technologies are described below as examples. Certain Embodiments of Compounds
[0074] Certain embodiments for various variables are described below as examples. Those skilled in the art reading the present disclosure will readily appreciate that embodiments for various variables can be combined in accordance with the present disclosure. Some combinations are described below as examples. In some embodiments, embodiments of a variable (e.g., R) are described when describing embodiments for other variables (e.g., various R embodiments are described when describing certain embodiments of R1, R2, etc. ) . Those skilled in the art reading the present disclosure readily appreciate that embodiments of a variable described when describing any one variable (e.g., R embodiments when describing R1) may be applied to other variables that can be this variable (e.g., R2, R3, etc. which can be R) . Lw
[0075] In some embodiments, Lw is a covalent bond, or an optionally substituted bivalent C1-6 (e.g., C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 or C6) aliphatic or heteroaliphatic having 1-6 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6) heteroatoms, wherein one or more methylene unit is optionally and independently replaced with -C (R’) 2-, -Cy-, -O-, -S-, -N (R’) -, -C (O) -, -C (S) -, -C (NR’) -, -C (O) N (R’) -, -C (S) N (R’) -, -C (NR’) N (R’) -, -N (R’) C (O) N (R’) -, -N (R’) C (O) O-, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, -S (O) 2N (R’) -, -C (O) S-, or -C (O) O-. In some embodiments, Lw is a covalent bond, or an optionally substituted bivalent C1-6 aliphatic, wherein one or more methylene unit is optionally and independently replaced with -C (R’) 2-, -Cy-, -O-, -S-, -N (R’) -, -C (O) -, -C (S) -, -C (NR’) -, -C (O) N (R’) -, -C (S) N (R’) -, -C (NR’) N (R’) -, -N (R’) C (O) N (R’) -, -N (R’) C (O) O-, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, -S (O) 2N (R’) -, -C (O) S-, or -C (O) O-. In some embodiments, Lw is a covalent bond, or an optionally substituted bivalent C1-2 aliphatic, wherein one or more methylene unit is optionally and independently replaced with -C (R’) 2-, -Cy-, -O-, -S-, -N (R’) -, -C (O) -, -C (S) -, -C (NR’) -, -C (O) N (R’) -, -C (S) N (R’) -, -C (NR’) N (R’) -, -N (R’) C (O) N (R’) -, -N (R’) C (O) O-, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, -S (O) 2N (R’) -, -C (O) S-, or -C (O) O-.
[0076] In some embodiments, as present in various compounds exemplified herein, Lw is or comprises optionally substituted -CH2-bonded to Rw. In some embodiments, as present in various compounds exemplified herein, Lw is optionally substituted -CH2-. In some embodiments, as present in various compounds exemplified herein, Lw is -CH2-. In some embodiments, Lw is -CHD-. In some embodiments, Lw is -CD2-. In some embodiments, Lw is mono-substituted -CH2-. In some embodiments, Lw is mono-substituted -CD2-. In some embodiments, such an optionally substituted -CH2-is further activated through conjugation to an electron-withdrawing group, e.g., -C (O) -so that it is more electrophilic. In some embodiments, an electron-withdrawing group is or comprises -C (O) -. In some embodiments, an electron-withdrawing group is or comprises -C (S) -. In some embodiments, Lw is or comprises optionally substituted -C (O) -CH2-. In some embodiments, Lw is -C (O) -CH2-. In some embodiments, Lw is or comprises optionally substituted -C (S) -CH2-. In some embodiments, Lw is -C (S) -CH2-. In some embodiments, an electron-withdrawing group is or comprises -C (N (R’) ) -. In some embodiments, an electron-withdrawing group is or comprises an optionally substituted aromatic ring. In some embodiments, an electron-withdrawing group is or comprises an optionally substituted heteroaromatic ring. In some embodiments, an electron-withdrawing group is LR as described herein. In some embodiments, Lw is -C (N (R’) ) -CH2-wherein the -CH2-is optionally substituted and R’ is as described herein. In some embodiments, Lw is optionally substituted -C (O) -CHD-. In some embodiments, Lw is optionally substituted -C (S) -CHD-. In some embodiments, Lw is -C (N (R’) ) -CHD-wherein the -CHD-is optionally substituted. In some embodiments, Lw is optionally substituted -C (O) -CD2-. In some embodiments, Lw is optionally substituted -C (S) -CD2-. In some embodiments, Lw is -C (N (R’) ) -CD2-wherein the -CD2-is optionally substituted. In some embodiments, the -CH2-, -CHD-, or -CD2-is not substituted. In some embodiments, the -CH2-, -CHD-, or -CD2-is bonded to Rw. In some embodiments, Lw is -CH (CH3) -. In some embodiments, Lw is Lw#. In some embodiments, Lw is Lw*. Lw#
[0077] In some embodiments, Lw#is optionally substituted -CH2- (C1 alkyl) . In some embodiments, Lw#is -CH2-. In some embodiments, Lw#is -CHD-. In some embodiments, Lw#is -CD2-. In some embodiments, Lw#is -CH (CH3) -. Lw*
[0078] In some embodiments, Lw*is optionally substituted -CH2- (C1 alkyl) . In some embodiments, Lw*is -CH2-. In some embodiments, Lw*is -CHD-. In some embodiments, Lw*is -CD2-. In some embodiments, Lw*is -CH (CH3) -. Rw
[0079] As described herein, Rw is -T-C (=NRw1) N (Rw2) (Rw3) wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Rw is -O-C (=NRw1) N (Rw2) (Rw3) wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Rw is -S-C (=NRw1) N (Rw2) (Rw3) wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Rw is Rw #. In some embodiments, Rw is Rw *.
[0080] In some embodiments, each of Rw1, Rw2 and Rw3 is independently R as described herein. In some embodiments, at least one of Rw1, Rw2 and Rw2 is -H. In some embodiments, one of Rw1, Rw2 and Rw2 is -H. In some embodiments, no more than one of Rw1, Rw2 and Rw2 is -H. In some embodiments, Rw1 is -H.In some embodiments, Rw2 is -H. In some embodiments, Rw3 is -H. In some embodiments, none of Rw1, Rw2 and Rw2 is -H.
[0081] For example, in some embodiments, Rw1 is -H, and Rw2 and Rw3 are each independently optionally substituted C1-10 (e.g., C1-9, C1-8, C1-6, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, etc. ) aliphatic or are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted ring as described herein. In some embodiments, Rw1 is -H, and Rw2 and Rw3 are each independently optionally substituted C1-10 (e.g., C1-9, C1-8, C1-6, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, etc. ) aliphatic or are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3-7, 4-10, 5-10, 5-7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, etc. ) membered ring having 0-3 (e.g., 0, 1-3, 1, 2, 3, etc. ) heteroatoms in addition to the nitrogen atom. In some embodiments, Rw1 is -H, and Rw2 and Rw3 are each independently optionally substituted C1-10 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rw1 is -H, and Rw2 and Rw3 are each independently optionally substituted C1-10 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rw1 is -H, and Rw2 and Rw3 are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3-7, 4-10, 5-10, 5-7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, etc. ) membered ring having 0-3 (e.g., 0, 1-3, 1, 2, 3, etc. ) heteroatoms in addition to the nitrogen atom. In some embodiments, Rw1 is -H, and Rw2 and Rw3 are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 5-10 (e.g., 5-9, 5-7, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, etc. ) membered ring having 0-3 (e.g., 0, 1-3, 1, 2, 3, etc. ) heteroatoms in addition to the nitrogen atom. In some embodiments, Rw1 is -H, and Rw2 and Rw3 are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 5-10 (e.g., 5-9, 5-7, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, etc. ) membered ring having 0 heteroatom in addition to the nitrogen atom. In some embodiments, Rw1 is -H, and Rw2 and Rw3 are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 5-10 (e.g., 5-9, 5-7, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, etc. ) membered ring having 1 heteroatom in addition to the nitrogen atom. In some embodiments, an additional heteroatom is nitrogen. In some embodiments, an additional heteroatom is oxygen.
[0082] In some embodiments, Rw2 is -H, and Rw1 and Rw3 are each independently optionally substituted C1-10 (e.g., C1-9, C1-8, C1-6, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, etc. ) aliphatic or are taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted ring as described herein. In some embodiments, Rw2 is -H, and Rw1 and Rw3 are each independently optionally substituted C1-10 (e.g., C1-9, C1-8, C1-6, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, etc. ) aliphatic or are taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3-7, 4-10, 5-10, 5-7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, etc. ) membered ring having 0-3 (e.g., 0, 1-3, 1, 2, 3, etc. ) heteroatoms in addition to the intervening atoms. In some embodiments, Rw2 is -H, and Rw1 and Rw3 are each independently optionally substituted C1-10 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rw2 is -H, and Rw1 and Rw3 are each independently optionally substituted C1-10 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rw2 is -H, and Rw1 and Rw3 are taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3-7, 4-10, 5-10, 5-7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, etc. ) membered ring having 0-3 (e.g., 0, 1-3, 1, 2, 3, etc. ) heteroatoms in addition to the intervening atoms. In some embodiments, Rw2 is -H, and Rw1 and Rw3 are taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted 5-10 (e.g., 5-9, 5-7, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, etc. ) membered ring having 0-3 (e.g., 0, 1-3, 1, 2, 3, etc. ) heteroatoms in addition to the intervening atoms. In some embodiments, Rw2 is -H, and Rw1 and Rw3 are taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted 5-10 (e.g., 5-9, 5-7, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, etc. ) membered ring having 0 heteroatom in addition to the intervening atoms. In some embodiments, Rw2 is -H, and Rw1 and Rw3 are taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted 5-10 (e.g., 5-9, 5-7, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, etc. ) membered ring having 1 heteroatom in addition to the intervening atoms. In some embodiments, an additional heteroatom is nitrogen. In some embodiments, an additional heteroatom is oxygen.
[0083] In some embodiments, a ring formed by Rw2 and Rw3 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, or Rw1 and one of Rw2 and Rw3 taken together with their intervening atoms, is 3-membered. In some embodiments, it is 4-membered. In some embodiments, it is 5-membered. In some embodiments, it is 6-membered. In some embodiments, it is 7-membered. In some embodiments, it is 8-membered. In some embodiments, it is 9-membered. In some embodiments, it is 10-membered. In some embodiments, a formed ring is saturated (e.g., when formed by Rw2 and Rw3 taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached) . In some embodiments, a formed ring is partially unsaturated. In some embodiments, a formed ring is aromatic. In some embodiments, a formed ring is substituted. In some embodiments, a formed ring is unsubstituted. In some embodiments, there is one heteroatom in the formed ring. In some embodiments, there are two heteroatoms in the formed ring. In some embodiments, there are three heteroatoms in the formed ring. In some embodiments, there are four heteroatoms in the formed ring. In some embodiments, a formed ring is monocyclic. In some embodiments, a formed ring is bicyclic. In some embodiments, a formed ring is polycyclic.
[0084] In some embodiments, -N (Rw2) (Rw3) comprises one or more substituents, e.g., on Rw2, Rw3, a ring formed by Rw2 and Rw3 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, a ring formed by Rw1 and one of Rw2 and Rw3 taken together with their intervening atoms, etc. In some embodiments, -N (Rw2) (Rw3) comprises one or more halogen substituents. In some embodiments, -N (Rw2) (Rw3) comprises one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, etc. ) -F. In some embodiments, a carbon atom at a beta position relative to the nitrogen to which Rw2 and Rw3 (there are two chemical bonds / one atom between the carbon atom and the nitrogen atom, e.g., beta carbon-alpha carbon-nitrogen) are attached are substituted. In some embodiments, it is substituted with -F. In some embodiments, it is mono-substituted and the substituent is -F. In some embodiments, it is substituted with two -F. In some embodiments, it is substituted with three -F. For example, in some embodiments, -N (Rw2) (Rw3) is In some embodiments, -N (Rw2) (Rw3) is In some embodiments, -N (Rw2) (Rw3) is In some embodiments, -N (Rw2) (Rw3) is In some embodiments, -N (Rw2) (Rw3) is In some embodiments, -N (Rw2) (Rw3) is In some embodiments, -N (Rw2) (Rw3) is In some embodiments, -N (Rw2) (Rw3) is In some embodiments, -N (Rw2) (Rw3) is In some embodiments, -N (Rw2) (Rw3) is In some embodiments, -N (Rw2) (Rw3) is In some embodiments, -N (Rw2) (Rw3) is In some embodiments, -N (Rw2) (Rw3) is In some embodiments, -N (Rw2) (Rw3) is In some embodiments, -N (Rw2) (Rw3) is In some embodiments, -N (Rw2) (Rw3) is In some embodiments, -N (Rw2) (Rw3) is In some embodiments, -N (Rw2) (Rw3) is In some embodiments, -N (Rw2) (Rw3) is In some embodiments, -N (Rw2) (Rw3) is In some embodiments, -N (Rw2) (Rw3) is In some embodiments, -N (Rw2) (Rw3) is In some embodiments, -N (Rw2) (Rw3) is In some embodiments, -N (Rw2) (Rw3) is In some embodiments, -N (Rw2) (Rw3) is In some embodiments, -N (Rw2) (Rw3) is In some embodiments, -N (Rw2) (Rw3) is In some embodiments, Rw2 is -CH2CF3. In some embodiments, a carbon atom at a gamma position relative to the nitrogen to which Rw2 and Rw3 (there are three chemical bonds / two atoms between the carbon atom and the nitrogen atom, e.g., gamma carbon-beta carbon-alpha carbon-nitrogen) are attached are substituted. In some embodiments, it is substituted with -F. In some embodiments, it is mono-substituted and the substituent is -F. In some embodiments, it is substituted with two -F. In some embodiments, it is substituted with three -F. For example, in some embodiments, -N (Rw2) (Rw3) is
[0085] In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is In some embodiments, Rw is Rw#. In some embodiments, Rw is Rw*. Rw#
[0086] As described herein, Rw#is -T-C (=NRw1#) N (Rw2#) (Rw3#) , wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Rw#is -O-C (=NRw1#) N (Rw2#) (Rw3#) , wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Rw#is -S-C (=NRw1#) N (Rw2#) (Rw3#) , wherein each variable is independently as described herein.
[0087] In some embodiments, Rw1#is R, and Rw2#and Rw3#are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted, 5-6 membered unaromatic ring having, in addition to the nitrogen atom which they are attached, 0-5 heteroatoms, wherein the ring does not contain ring D. In some embodiments, Rw1#is -H, and Rw2#and Rw3#are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted, 5-6 membered unaromatic ring having, in addition to the nitrogen atom which they are attached, 0-5 heteroatoms, wherein the ring does not contain ring D.
[0088] In some embodiments, Rw1#is -H, and Rw2#and Rw3#are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted, 5-6 membered saturated ring having, in addition to the nitrogen atom which they are attached, 0-5 heteroatoms, wherein the ring does not contain ring D. For example, in some embodiments, the saturated ring is morpholinyl. In some embodiments, saturated ring is tetrahydropyrrolyl. In some embodiments, Rw#is In some embodiments, Rw#is In some embodiments, Rw#is In some embodiments, Rw#is In some embodiments, Rw#is In some embodiments, Rw#is In some embodiments, Rw#is In some embodiments, Rw#is In some embodiments, Rw#is In some embodiments, Rw#is In some embodiments, Rw#is In some embodiments, Rw#is Rw*
[0089] As described herein, Rw*is -T-C (=NRw1*) N (Rw2*) (Rw3*) , wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Rw*is -O-C (=NRw1*) N (Rw2*) (Rw3*) , wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Rw*is -S-C (=NRw1*) N (Rw2*) (Rw3*) , wherein each variable is independently as described herein.
[0090] In some embodiments, Rw1*is -H, and Rw2*and Rw3*are taken together with the nitrogen atom which they are attached to form a new moiety RW4 having the structure of each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, none of Rw1*, Rw2*and Rw3*is -H. For example, in some embodiments, Rw1*is R, and Rw2*and Rw3*are taken together with the nitrogen atom which they are attached to form a new moiety RW4 having the structure of each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, ring D is an optionally substituted 5-8 membered ring having, in addition to the nitrogen and oxygen atoms attached to the carbon atom to which -CF3 is attached, 0-4 other heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, ring D is a 5-6 membered ring having, in addition to the nitrogen and oxygen atoms attached to the carbon atom to which -CF3 is attached, 0 heteroatom. For example, in some embodiments, Rw*is In some embodiments, Rw*is In some embodiments, Rw*is In some embodiments, Rw*is In some embodiments, Rw*is In some embodiments, Rw*is T
[0091] In some embodiments, T is O. In some embodiments, T is S. Rw1
[0092] In some embodiments, Rw1 is -L-R’ wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Rw1 is -L-R’ wherein the methylene unit of L that bonds to R’ is replaced with a moiety, e.g., -N (R’) -as described herein. In some embodiments, Rw1 is R’ as described herein. In some embodiments, Rw1 is R as described herein. In some embodiments, Rw1 is Rw1#. In some embodiments, Rw1 is Rw1*.
[0093] In some embodiments, Rw1 is R as described herein. For example, in some embodiments, Rw1 is -H. In some embodiments, Rw1 is optionally substituted C1-10 (e.g., C1-9, C1-8, C1-6, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, etc. ) aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rw1 is optionally substituted C1-10 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rw1 is optionally substituted methyl. In some embodiments, Rw1 is methyl. In some embodiments, Rw1 is optionally substituted ethyl. In some embodiments, Rw1 is ethyl. In some embodiments, Rw1 is -CH2CF3. In some embodiments, Rw1 is optionally substituted propyl. In some embodiments, Rw1 is optionally substituted isopropyl. In some embodiments, Rw1 is propyl. In some embodiments, Rw1 is isopropyl. In some embodiments, Rw1 is optionally substituted C1-6 haloalkyl. In some embodiments, Rw1 is optionally substituted C3-10 cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, Rw1 is optionally substituted C3-10 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, Rw1 is optionally substituted cyclopropyl. In some embodiments, Rw1 is cyclobutyl. In some embodiments, Rw1 is cyclopentyl. In some embodiments, Rw1 is cyclohexyl. In some embodiments, Rw1 is optionally substituted adamantyl. In some embodiments, Rw1 is optionally substituted C1-10 (e.g., C1-9, C1-8, C1-6, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, etc. ) heteroaliphatic having 1-6 (e.g., 1-3, 1-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rw1 is optionally substituted C1-10 (e.g., C1-9, C1-8, C1-6, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, etc. ) heteroaliphatic having 1, 2, or 3 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rw1 is optionally substituted aryl. In some embodiments, Rw1 is optionally substituted 6-14 membered (e.g., 6, 10, 14, etc. ) aryl. In some embodiments, Rw1 is optionally substituted phenyl. In some embodiments, Rw1 is optionally substituted 5-20 (e.g., 5-14, 5-10, 5-9, 5, 6, 8, 9, etc. ) membered heteroaryl having 1-10 (e.g., 1-5, 1-4, 1-3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rw1 is optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-5 (e.g., 1-4, 1-3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rw1 is optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl having 1-4 (e.g., 1-3, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rw1 is optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl having 1-4 (e.g., 1-3, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rw1 is optionally substituted 9-membered bicyclic heteroaryl having 1-4 (e.g., 1-3, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rw1 is optionally substituted 3-20 (e.g., 3-15, 3-10, 3-9, 3-8, 3-7, 3-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, etc. ) membered heterocyclyl having 1-10 (e.g., 1-5, 1-3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rw1 is optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 4-10, 5-10, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 (e.g., 1-3, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rw1 is optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 4-10, 5-10, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered saturated ring having 0-5 (e.g., 1-5, 1-4, 1-3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rw1 is optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 4-10, 5-10, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered partially saturated ring having 0-5 (e.g., 1-5, 1-4, 1-3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rw1 is an optionally substituted group which is a combination of two or more of C1-20 aliphatic, C1-20 heteroaliphatic having 1-10 heteroatoms, C6-20 aryl, 5-20 membered heteroaryl having 1-10 heteroatoms, and 3-20 membered heterocyclyl having 1-10 heteroatoms as described herein, wherein the combination has 1-30 (e.g., 1-20, 1-15, 1-10, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, etc. ) carbon atoms and 0-10 (e.g., 0-5, 1-10, 1-5, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) heteroatoms. As used in the present disclosure, in some embodiments, each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, a heteroatom is nitrogen. In some embodiments, a heteroatom is oxygen. In some embodiments, a heteroatom is sulfur.
[0094] In some embodiments, Rw1 is or comprises a detectable label, e.g., a fluorescent label, a radioactive label, an label useful in proteomics, an antibody label, a peptide label, etc.
[0095] In some embodiments, Rw1 and Rw2 are taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted ring as described herein. In some embodiments, Rw1 and Rw2 are taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3-7, 4-10, 5-10, 5-7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, etc. ) membered ring having 0-3 (e.g., 0, 1-3, 1, 2, 3, etc. ) heteroatoms in addition to their intervening atoms. In some embodiments, Rw1 and Rw2 are taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3-7, 4-10, 5-10, 5-7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, etc. ) membered ring having 0-3 (e.g., 0, 1-3, 1, 2, 3, etc. ) heteroatoms in addition to the intervening atoms. In some embodiments, Rw1 and Rw2 are taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted 5-14 (e.g., 5-10, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, etc. ) membered ring having 0-6 (e.g., 1-6, 1-5, 1-4, 1-3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc. ) heteroatoms in addition to the intervening atoms. In some embodiments, Rw1 and Rw2 are taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted 5-10 (e.g., 5-9, 5-7, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, etc. ) membered ring having 0-3 (e.g., 0, 1-3, 1, 2, 3, etc. ) heteroatoms in addition to the intervening atoms. In some embodiments, Rw1 and Rw2 are taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted 5-10 (e.g., 5-9, 5-7, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, etc. ) membered ring having 0 heteroatom in addition to the intervening atoms. In some embodiments, Rw1 and Rw2 are taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted 5-10 (e.g., 5-9, 5-7, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, etc. ) membered ring having 1 heteroatom in addition to the intervening atoms. In some embodiments, Rw1 and Rw3 are taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted ring as described herein. In some embodiments, Rw1 and Rw3 are taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3-7, 4-10, 5-10, 5-7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, etc. ) membered ring having 0-3 (e.g., 0, 1-3, 1, 2, 3, etc. ) heteroatoms in addition to their intervening atoms. In some embodiments, Rw1 and Rw3 are taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3-7, 4-10, 5-10, 5-7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, etc. ) membered ring having 0-3 (e.g., 0, 1-3, 1, 2, 3, etc. ) heteroatoms in addition to the intervening atoms. In some embodiments, Rw1 and Rw3 are taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted 5-14 (e.g., 5-10, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, etc. ) membered ring having 0-6 (e.g., 1-6, 1-5, 1-4, 1-3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc. ) heteroatoms in addition to the intervening atoms. In some embodiments, Rw1 and Rw3 are taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted 5-10 (e.g., 5-9, 5-7, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, etc. ) membered ring having 0-3 (e.g., 0, 1-3, 1, 2, 3, etc. ) heteroatoms in addition to the intervening atoms. In some embodiments, Rw1 and Rw3 are taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted 5-10 (e.g., 5-9, 5-7, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, etc. ) membered ring having 0 heteroatom in addition to the intervening atoms. In some embodiments, Rw1 and Rw3 are taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted 5-10 (e.g., 5-9, 5-7, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, etc. ) membered ring having 1 heteroatom in addition to the intervening atoms. In some embodiments, an additional heteroatom is nitrogen. In some embodiments, an additional heteroatom is oxygen. In some embodiments, a formed ring is 3-membered. In some embodiments, it is 4-membered. In some embodiments, it is 5-membered. In some embodiments, it is 6-membered. In some embodiments, it is 7-membered. In some embodiments, it is 8-membered. In some embodiments, it is 9-membered. In some embodiments, it is 10-membered. In some embodiments, a formed ring is substituted. In some embodiments, a formed ring is unsubstituted. In some embodiments, there is one heteroatom in the formed ring. In some embodiments, there are two heteroatoms in the formed ring. In some embodiments, there are three heteroatoms in the formed ring. In some embodiments, there are four heteroatoms in the formed ring. In some embodiments, a formed ring is monocyclic. In some embodiments, a formed ring is bicyclic. In some embodiments, a formed ring is polycyclic. In some embodiments, a formed ring is partially unsaturated. For example, in some embodiments, a formed ring is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered partially unsaturated ring having 1-2 (in some embodiments, 1; in some embodiments, 2) heteroatoms one or each of which is nitrogen. In some embodiments, a formed ring is an optionally substituted 5-membered partially unsaturated ring having 1-2 heteroatoms each of which is nitrogen. In some embodiments, a formed ring is aromatic. In some embodiments, a formed ring is optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl having 1-3 (e.g., 1-2, 1, 2, 3, etc. ) heteroatoms one or more of which are nitrogen. In some embodiments, a formed ring is optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms one or more of which are nitrogen. In some embodiments, a formed ring is optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl having 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms. In some embodiments, a formed ring is an optionally substituted 6-membered partially unsaturated ring having 1, 2, or 3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, a formed ring is an optionally substituted 6-membered partially unsaturated ring having 1, 2, or 3 nitrogen atoms. In some embodiments, a formed ring is optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl having 1, 2, or 3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, a formed ring is optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl having 1, 2, or 3 nitrogen atoms.
[0096] For example, in some embodiments, a formed ring is optionally substituted In some embodiments, -C (=NRw1) N (Rw2) is optionally substituted In some embodiments, -C (=NRw1) N (Rw3) is optionally substituted In some embodiments, a formed ring is optionally substituted In some embodiments, -C (=NRw1) N (Rw2) is optionally substituted In some embodiments, -C (=NRw1) N (Rw3) is optionally substituted In some embodiments, a formed ring is optionally substituted In some embodiments, -C (=NRw1) N (Rw2) is optionally substituted In some embodiments, -C (=NRw1) N (Rw3) is optionally substituted In some embodiments, a formed ring is optionally substituted wherein y is independently 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. In some embodiments, -C (=NRw1) N (Rw2) is optionally substituted wherein y is independently 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. In some embodiments, -C (=NRw1) N (Rw3) is optionally substituted wherein y is independently 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. In some embodiments, a formed ring is optionally substituted wherein y is independently 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, and is single bond or double bond. In some embodiments, -C (=NRw1) N (Rw2) is optionally substituted wherein y is independently 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, and is single bond or double bond. In some embodiments, -C (=NRw1) N (Rw3) is optionally substituted wherein y is independently 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, and is single bond or double bond. In some embodiments, y is 0. In some embodiments, y is 1. In some embodiments, y is 2. In some embodiments, y is 3. In some embodiments, y is 4. In some embodiments, a formed ring is optionally substituted In some embodiments, -C (=NRw1) N (Rw2) is optionally substituted In some embodiments, -C (=NRw1) N (Rw3) is optionally substituted
[0097] In some embodiments, -C (=NRw1) N (Rw2) (Rw3) is optionally substituted In some embodiments, -C (=NRw1) N (Rw2) (Rw3) is optionally substituted In some embodiments, -C (=NRw1) N (Rw2) (Rw3) is optionally substituted In some embodiments, -C (=NRw1) N (Rw2) (Rw3) is optionally substituted In some embodiments, -C (=NRw1) N (Rw2) (Rw3) is optionally substituted In some embodiments, -C (=NRw1) N (Rw2) (Rw3) is optionally substituted In some embodiments, -C (=NRw1) N (Rw2) (Rw3) is In some embodiments, a formed ring is In some embodiments, a formed ring is In some embodiments, a formed ring is Rw1#
[0098] In some embodiments, Rw1#is not H. In some embodiments, Rw1#is -L-R’ wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Rw1#is R as described herein. For example, in some embodiments, Rw1#is an optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rw1#is C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-2 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rw1#is optionally substituted C1-6 haloalkyl. In some embodiments, Rw1#is 3-6 membered cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, Rw1#is 3-6 membered heterocyclyl having 1-2 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rw1#is C1-3 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rw1#is C1-3 heteroalkyl having 1-2 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rw1#is –CH3. In some embodiments, Rw1#is H. In some embodiments, Rw1#is D. Rw1*
[0099] In some embodiments, each of Rw1*is independently -L-R’ as described herein. In some embodiments, each of Rw1*is independently -C (R’) 3 as described herein. In some embodiments, Rw1*is independently R as described herein. For example, in some embodiments, Rw1*is an optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rw1*is C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-2 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rw1*is optionally substituted C1-6 haloalkyl. In some embodiments, Rw1*is 3-6 membered cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, Rw1*is 3-6 membered heterocyclyl having 1-2 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rw1*is C1-3 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rw1*is C1-3 heteroalkyl having 1-2 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rw1*is –CH3. In some embodiments, Rw1*is -H. In some embodiments, Rw1*is -D.
[0100] In some embodiments, Rw1*and Rw2*or Rw3*are taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted ring as described herein. In some embodiments, Rw1*and Rw2*are taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3-7, 4-10, 5-10, 5-7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, etc. ) membered ring having 0-3 (e.g., 0, 1-3, 1, 2, 3, etc. ) heteroatoms in addition to their intervening atoms. In some embodiments, Rw1*and Rw3*are taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted 5-10 (e.g., 5-9, 5-7, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, etc. ) membered ring having 0-3 heteroatom in addition to the intervening atoms. Rw2
[0101] In some embodiments, Rw2 is -L-R’ wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Rw2 is -L-R’ wherein the methylene unit of L that bonds to R’ is replaced with a moiety, e.g., -N (R’) -as described herein. For example, in some embodiments, Rw2 is - (CH2) 3-N (CH3) -CH3. In some embodiments, Rw2 is -C (CH2) 2-C=C-CH3. In some embodiments, Rw2 is -CH2-CF3. In some embodiments, Rw2 is -CH2-C=CH. In some embodiments, Rw2 is R’ as described herein. In some embodiments, Rw2 is R as described herein.
[0102] In some embodiments, Rw2 is R as described herein. For example, in some embodiments, Rw2 is -H. In some embodiments, Rw2 is optionally substituted C1-10 (e.g., C1-9, C1-8, C1-6, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, etc. ) aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rw2 is optionally substituted C1-10 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rw2 is optionally substituted methyl. In some embodiments, Rw2 is methyl. In some embodiments, Rw2 is optionally substituted ethyl. In some embodiments, Rw2 is ethyl. In some embodiments, Rw2 is -CH2CF3. In some embodiments, Rw2 is optionally substituted propyl. In some embodiments, Rw2 is optionally substituted isopropyl. In some embodiments, Rw2 is propyl. In some embodiments, Rw2 is isopropyl. In some embodiments, Rw2 is optionally substituted C1-6 haloalkyl. In some embodiments, Rw2 is optionally substituted C3-10 cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, Rw2 is optionally substituted C3-10 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, Rw2 is optionally substituted cyclopropyl. In some embodiments, Rw2 is cyclobutyl. In some embodiments, Rw2 is cyclopentyl. In some embodiments, Rw2 is cyclohexyl. In some embodiments, Rw2 is optionally substituted adamantyl. In some embodiments, Rw2 is adamantyl. In some embodiments, Rw2 is 1-adamantyl. In some embodiments, Rw2 is optionally substituted C1-10 (e.g., C1-9, C1-8, C1-6, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, etc. ) heteroaliphatic having 1-6 (e.g., 1-3, 1-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rw2 is optionally substituted C1-10 (e.g., C1-9, C1-8, C1-6, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, etc. ) heteroaliphatic having 1, 2, or 3 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rw2 is optionally substituted oxetanyl. In some embodiments, Rw2 is optionally substituted aryl. In some embodiments, Rw2 is optionally substituted 6-14 membered (e.g., 6, 10, 14, etc. ) aryl. In some embodiments, Rw2 is optionally substituted phenyl. In some embodiments, Rw2 is optionally substituted 5-20 (e.g., 5-14, 5-10, 5-9, 5, 6, 8, 9, etc. ) membered heteroaryl having 1-10 (e.g., 1-5, 1-4, 1-3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rw2 is optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-5 (e.g., 1-4, 1-3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rw2 is optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl having 1-4 (e.g., 1-3, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rw2 is optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl having 1-4 (e.g., 1-3, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rw2 is optionally substituted 9-membered bicyclic heteroaryl having 1-4 (e.g., 1-3, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rw2 is optionally substituted 3-20 (e.g., 3-15, 3-10, 3-9, 3-8, 3-7, 3-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, etc. ) membered heterocyclyl having 1-10 (e.g., 1-5, 1-3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rw2 is optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 4-10, 5-10, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 (e.g., 1-3, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rw2 is optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 4-10, 5-10, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered saturated ring having 0-5 (e.g., 1-5, 1-4, 1-3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rw2 is optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 4-10, 5-10, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered partially saturated ring having 0-5 (e.g., 1-5, 1-4, 1-3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rw2 is an optionally substituted group which is a combination of two or more of C1-20 aliphatic, C1-20 heteroaliphatic having 1-10 heteroatoms, C6-20 aryl, 5-20 membered heteroaryl having 1-10 heteroatoms, and 3-20 membered heterocyclyl having 1-10 heteroatoms as described herein, wherein the combination has 1-30 (e.g., 1-20, 1-15, 1-10, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, etc. ) carbon atoms and 0-10 (e.g., 0-5, 1-10, 1-5, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) heteroatoms.
[0103] In some embodiments, Rw2 is or comprises a detectable label, e.g., a fluorescent label, a radioactive label, a label useful in proteomics, an antibody label, a peptide label, etc. In some embodiments, Rw2 and Rw3 are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted ring as described herein.
[0104] In some embodiments, Rw2 and Rw3 are taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-14 (e.g., 3-10, 3-8, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, etc. ) membered ring having 0-6 (e.g., 1-6, 1-5, 1-4, 1-3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc. ) heteroatoms in addition to the nitrogen atom. In some embodiments, Rw1 is -H, and Rw2 and Rw3 are each independently optionally substituted C1-10 (e.g., C1-9, C1-8, C1-6, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, etc. ) aliphatic or are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3-7, 4-10, 5-10, 5-7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, etc. ) membered ring having 0-3 (e.g., 0, 1-3, 1, 2, 3, etc. ) heteroatoms in addition to the nitrogen atom. In some embodiments, Rw2 and Rw3 are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3-7, 4-10, 5-10, 5-7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, etc. ) membered ring having 0-5 (e.g., 1-5, 0, 1-3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. ) heteroatoms in addition to the nitrogen atom. In some embodiments, Rw2 and Rw3 are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3-7, 4-10, 5-10, 5-7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered ring having 0-3 (e.g., 0, 1-3, 1, 2, 3, etc. ) heteroatoms in addition to the nitrogen atom. In some embodiments, Rw2 and Rw3 are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-8 (e.g., 3-7, 5-7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, etc. ) membered ring having 0-3 (e.g., 0, 1-3, 1, 2, 3, etc. ) heteroatoms in addition to the nitrogen atom. In some embodiments, Rw2 and Rw3 are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 5-10 (e.g., 5-9, 5-7, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, etc. ) membered ring having 0-3 (e.g., 0, 1-3, 1, 2, 3, etc. ) heteroatoms in addition to the nitrogen atom. In some embodiments, Rw2 and Rw3 are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 5-10 (e.g., 5-9, 5-7, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, etc. ) membered ring having 0 heteroatom in addition to the nitrogen atom. In some embodiments, Rw2 and Rw3 are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 5-10 (e.g., 5-9, 5-7, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, etc. ) membered ring having 1 heteroatom in addition to the nitrogen atom. In some embodiments, an additional heteroatom is nitrogen. In some embodiments, an additional heteroatom is oxygen. In some embodiments, a formed ring is 3-membered. In some embodiments, it is 4-membered. In some embodiments, it is 5-membered. In some embodiments, it is 6-membered. In some embodiments, it is 7-membered. In some embodiments, it is 8-membered. In some embodiments, it is 9-membered. In some embodiments, it is 10-membered. In some embodiments, a formed ring is saturated. In some embodiments, a formed ring is partially unsaturated. In some embodiments, a formed ring is aromatic. In some embodiments, a formed ring is substituted. In some embodiments, a formed ring is unsubstituted. In some embodiments, there is one heteroatom in the formed ring. In some embodiments, there are two heteroatoms in the formed ring. In some embodiments, there are three heteroatoms in the formed ring. In some embodiments, there are four heteroatoms in the formed ring. In some embodiments, a formed ring is monocyclic. In some embodiments, a formed ring is bicyclic. In some embodiments, a formed ring is polycyclic. In some embodiments, a formed ring is optionally substituted wherein each of x and y is independently 0-4. In some embodiments, a formed ring is optionally substituted wherein each of x and y is independently 0-4. In some embodiments, a formed ring is optionally substituted wherein each of x and y is independently 0-4. In some embodiments, a formed ring is optionally substituted wherein y 0-4. In some embodiments, a formed ring is optionally substituted wherein each of x and y is independently 0-4, Q is optionally substituted S, Si, S (O) 2. In some embodiments, Q is S (O) 2. In some embodiments, Q is Si (CH3) 2. In some embodiments, Q is S. In some embodiments, x is 0. In some embodiments, x is 1. In some embodiments, x is 2. In some embodiments, x is 3. In some embodiments, x is 4. In some embodiments, y is 0. In some embodiments, y is 1. In some embodiments, y is 2. In some embodiments, y is 3. In some embodiments, y is 4. In some embodiments, a formed ring is optionally substituted In some embodiments, a formed ring is optionally substituted In some embodiments, a formed ring is optionally substituted In some embodiments, a formed ring is optionally substituted In some embodiments, a formed ring is In some embodiments, a formed ring is optionally substituted In some embodiments, a formed ring is In some embodiments, a formed ring is optionally substituted In some embodiments, a formed ring is In some embodiments, a formed ring is optionally substituted In some embodiments, a formed ring is optionally substituted In some embodiments, a formed ring is optionally substituted
[0105] In some embodiments, -N (Rw2) (Rw3) is optionally substituted -NH2,
[0106] In some embodiments, -N (Rw2) (Rw3) is -NH2, In some embodiments, -N (Rw2) (Rw3) is NRw2*Rw3*. In some embodiments, -N (Rw2) (Rw3) is NRw2#Rw3#. In some embodiments, it is one of such a group. In some embodiments, it is one of such a group which is further substituted as described herein. Rw3
[0107] In some embodiments, Rw3 is -L-R’ wherein each variable is independently as described herein. For example, in some embodiments, R’ is -H. In some embodiments, R’ is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rw3 is -L-R’ wherein the methylene unit of L that bonds to R’ is replaced with a moiety, e.g., -N (R’) -as described herein. For example, in some embodiments, Rw3 is - (CH2) 3-N (CH3) -CH3. In some embodiments, Rw3 is R’ as described herein. In some embodiments, Rw3 is R as described herein.
[0108] In some embodiments, Rw3 is R as described herein. For example, in some embodiments, Rw3 is -H. In some embodiments, Rw3 is optionally substituted C1-10 (e.g., C1-9, C1-8, C1-6, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, etc. ) aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rw3 is optionally substituted C1-6 haloalkyl. In some embodiments, Rw3 is optionally substituted C1-10 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rw3 is optionally substituted methyl. In some embodiments, Rw3 is methyl. In some embodiments, Rw3 is optionally substituted ethyl. In some embodiments, Rw3 is ethyl. In some embodiments, Rw3 is -CH2CF3. In some embodiments, Rw3 is optionally substituted propyl. In some embodiments, Rw3 is optionally substituted isopropyl. In some embodiments, Rw3 is propyl. In some embodiments, Rw3 is isopropyl. In some embodiments, Rw3 is optionally substituted C3-10 cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, Rw3 is optionally substituted C3-10 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, Rw3 is optionally substituted cyclopropyl. In some embodiments, Rw3 is cyclobutyl. In some embodiments, Rw3 is cyclopentyl. In some embodiments, Rw3 is cyclohexyl. In some embodiments, Rw3 is optionally substituted adamantyl. In some embodiments, Rw3 is optionally substituted C1-10 (e.g., C1-9, C1-8, C1-6, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, etc. ) heteroaliphatic having 1-6 (e.g., 1-3, 1-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rw3 is optionally substituted C1-10 (e.g., C1-9, C1-8, C1-6, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, etc. ) heteroaliphatic having 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rw3 is optionally substituted aryl. In some embodiments, Rw3 is optionally substituted 6-14 membered (e.g., 6, 10, 14, etc. ) aryl. In some embodiments, Rw3 is optionally substituted phenyl. In some embodiments, Rw3 is optionally substituted 5-20 (e.g., 5-14, 5-10, 5-9, 5, 6, 8, 9, etc. ) membered heteroaryl having 1-10 (e.g., 1-5, 1-4, 1-3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rw3 is optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-5 (e.g., 1-4, 1-3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rw3 is optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl having 1-4 (e.g., 1-3, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rw3 is optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl having 1-4 (e.g., 1-3, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rw3 is 2-pyridyl. In some embodiments, Rw3 is 3-pyridyl. In some embodiments, Rw3 is 4-pyridyl. In some embodiments, Rw3 is optionally substituted 9-membered bicyclic heteroaryl having 1-4 (e.g., 1-3, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rw3 is optionally substituted 3-20 (e.g., 3-15, 3-10, 3-9, 3-8, 3-7, 3-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, etc. ) membered heterocyclyl having 1-10 (e.g., 1-5, 1-3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rw3 is optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 4-10, 5-10, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 (e.g., 1-3, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rw3 is optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 4-10, 5-10, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered saturated ring having 0-5 (e.g., 1-5, 1-4, 1-3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rw3 is optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 4-10, 5-10, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered partially saturated ring having 0-5 (e.g., 1-5, 1-4, 1-3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rw3 is an optionally substituted group which is a combination of two or more of C1-20 aliphatic, C1-20 heteroaliphatic having 1-10 heteroatoms, C6-20 aryl, 5-20 membered heteroaryl having 1-10 heteroatoms, and 3-20 membered heterocyclyl having 1-10 heteroatoms as described herein, wherein the combination has 1-30 (e.g., 1-20, 1-15, 1-10, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, etc. ) carbon atoms and 0-10 (e.g., 0-5, 1-10, 1-5, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) heteroatoms.
[0109] In some embodiments, Rw3 is or comprises a detectable label, e.g., a fluorescent label, a radioactive label, an label useful in proteomics, an antibody label, a peptide label, etc.
[0110] In some embodiments, both Rw1 and Rw3 are R as described herein. In some embodiments, Rw1 and Rw3 are taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted ring as described herein. In some embodiments, both Rw2 and Rw3 are R as described herein. In some embodiments, Rw2 and Rw3 are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted ring as described herein. In some embodiments, each of Rw1, Rw2 and Rw3 is independently R as described herein. In some embodiments, Rw1, Rw2 and Rw3 are taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted ring as described herein. NRw2*Rw3* (RW4)
[0111] As described herein, RW4 is which is formed by Rw2*and Rw3*taken together with the nitrogen atom which they are attached, wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, RW4 is wherein each of Rd, ring D, d is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Ring D is an optionally substituted 5-15 (e.g., 5-12, 5-10, 5-8, 5-6, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, etc. ) membered ring having, in addition to the nitrogen and oxygen atoms attached to the carbon atom to which -CF3 is attached, 0-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, ring D is an optionally substituted 5-8 (e.g., 5-7, 5-6, 5, 6, 7, 8 etc. ) membered ring having, in addition to the nitrogen and oxygen atoms attached to the carbon atom to which -CF3 is attached, 0-4 other heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. For example, in some embodiments, it is 5-membered. In some embodiments, it is 6-membered. In some embodiments, it is 7-membered. In some embodiments, it is 8-membered.
[0112] In some embodiments, RW4 is substituted. In some embodiments, RW4 is unsubstituted. In some embodiments, there are 0 heteroatom in the ring D in addition to the nitrogen and oxygen atom attached to the carbon atom to which -CF3 is attached. In some embodiments, there are one heteroatom in the ring D in addition to the nitrogen and oxygen atom attached to the carbon atom to which -CF3 is attached. In some embodiments, there are two heteroatoms in the ring D in addition to the nitrogen and oxygen atom attached to the carbon atom to which -CF3 is attached. In some embodiments, ring D is substituted. In some embodiments, ring D is unsubstituted. In some embodiments, ring D is a 5-6 membered ring having, in addition to the nitrogen and oxygen atoms attached to the carbon atom to which -CF3 is attached, 0 heteroatom. In some embodiments, ring D is a 5-6 (e.g., 5, 6) membered saturated ring having, in addition to the nitrogen and oxygen atoms attached to the carbon atom to which -CF3 is attached, 0 heteroatom. In some embodiments, ring D is saturated. In some embodiments, ring D is partially saturated.
[0113] In some embodiments, ring D as a part of RW4, which has the structure of each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, ring D is an optionally substituted moiety of which the moiety is a 5-15 membered ring having, in addition to the nitrogen and oxygen atoms attached to the carbon atom to which -CF3 is attached, 0-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein each substituent is independently Rd. In some embodiments, ring D is a 5-15 membered ring having, in addition to the nitrogen and oxygen atoms attached to the carbon atom to which -CF3 is attached, 0-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein each substituent is independently Rd. In some embodiments, ring D is wherein each of D1, D2 is independently -CH2-, -CH=, -C≡, or absent; between D1 and D2 is a single bond, double bond, or triple bond; n is 1, or 2; and each hydrogen atom on ring D is independently optionally substituted with Rd. In some embodiments, ring D is wherein each of D1, D2 is independently optionally substituted -CH2-, or absent; n is 1, or 2; wherein each substituent is independently Rd. In some embodiments, ring D is wherein n’ is 1, 2 or 3; and each hydrogen atom on ring D is independently optionally substituted with Rd. In some embodiments, n’ is 0. In some embodiments, n’ is 1. In some embodiments, n’ is 2. In some embodiments, n’ is 3. In some embodiments, ring D is wherein is independently – (CH2-CH2) n-, – (CH=CH) n-, – (C≡C) n-, wherein each n is independently 1, or 2, and each hydrogen atom on D1, D2 is independently optionally substituted with Rd. In some embodiments, each n is independently 1. In some embodiments, each n is independently 2. In some embodiments, wherein is independently – (D1) –, each of D1, D2 is independently -CH2-, -CH=, -C≡, or absent; is a single bond, or double bond, wherein each hydrogen atom is independently optionally substituted with Rd. In some embodiments, wherein is independently -CH2-, –CH2-CH2-CH2-, – (CH=CH) – (CH2-CH2) -, – (CH2-CH2) - (CH=CH) –, – (CH2–CH=CH-CH2) -, – (C≡C–CH2-CH2) -, – (CH2-CH2–C≡C) –, – (CH2–C≡C-CH2) -, – (CH=C=CH-CH2) -, – (CH2-CH=C=CH) –, – (CH=CH–C≡C) -, – (C≡C–CH=CH) -, –CH2- (CH=CH) -, – (CH=CH) -CH2-, -CH2- (C≡C) -, – (C≡C) -CH2-. -CH2-CH2-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, wherein each hydrogen atom is independently optionally substituted with Rd. In some embodiments, ring D is wherein each hydrogen atom on -CH2-is optionally substituted with Rd. In some embodiments, ring D is wherein each hydrogen atom on -CH2-is optionally substituted with Rd. In some embodiments, ring D is with none substituent. In some embodiments, ring D is with none substituent.
[0114] In some embodiments, RW4 is optionally substituted
[0115] In some embodiments, RW4 is
[0116] In some embodiments, RW4 is or comprising an optionally substituted wherein n’ is independently 0-3 (e.g., 1-2, 0, 1, 2, 3, etc. ) . In some embodiments, RW4 is or comprising an optionally substituted wherein n’ is independently 1-3 (e.g., 1-2, 1, 2, 3, etc. ) . In some embodiments, RW4 is an optionally substituted wherein n’ is independently 1-3 (e.g., 1-2, 1, 2, 3, etc. ) . In some embodiments, a RW4 is wherein n’ is independently 1-3 (e.g., 1-2, 1, 2, 3, etc. ) . In some embodiments, n’ is 0. In some embodiments, n’ is 1. In some embodiments, n’ is 2. In some embodiments, n’ is 3. In some embodiments, RW4 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, RW4 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, RW4 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, RW4 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, RW4 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, RW4 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, RW4 is In some embodiments, RW4 is In some embodiments, RW4 is In some embodiments, RW4 is In some embodiments, RW4 is In some embodiments, RW4 is NRw2#Rw3#
[0117] As described herein, each of Rw2#, Rw3#is independently -L-R’, wherein Rw2#and Rw3#are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted, 3-14 (e.g., 3-10, 3-8, 4-8, 5-7, 5-6, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, etc. ) membered unaromatic ring having, in addition to the nitrogen atom which they are attached, 0-6 heteroatoms, wherein the ring does not contain ring D. In some embodiments, each of Rw2#, Rw3#is independently -L-R’, wherein Rw2#and Rw3#are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted, 5-6 membered unaromatic ring having, in addition to the nitrogen atom which they are attached, 0-5 heteroatoms, wherein the ring does not contain ring D. In some embodiments, a formed ring is 5-membered. In some embodiments, a formed ring is 6-membered.
[0118] In some embodiments, a formed ring is saturated. In some embodiments, a formed ring is partially saturated. In some embodiments, a formed ring is substituted. In some embodiments, a formed ring is unsubstituted. In some embodiments, there are 0 heteroatom in the formed ring in addition to the nitrogen atom which Rw2#and Rw3#are attached. In some embodiments, there are one heteroatom in the formed ring in addition to the nitrogen which Rw2#and Rw3#are attached. In some embodiments, there are two heteroatoms in the formed ring in addition to the nitrogen which Rw2#and Rw3#are attached. In some embodiments, a formed ring is optionally substituted morpholinyl. In some embodiments, a formed ring is optionally substituted tetrahydropyrrolyl. In some embodiments, -N (Rw2#) (Rw3#) is In some embodiments, -N (Rw2#) (Rw3#) is In some embodiments, -N (Rw2#) (Rw3#) is In some embodiments, -N (Rw2#) (Rw3#) is In some embodiments, -N (Rw2#) (Rw3#) is In some embodiments, -N (Rw2#) (Rw3#) is In some embodiments, -N (Rw2#) (Rw3#) is In some embodiments, -N (Rw2#) (Rw3#) is In some embodiments, -N (Rw2#) (Rw3#) is In some embodiments, -N (Rw2#) (Rw3#) is In some embodiments, -N (Rw2#) (Rw3#) is In some embodiments, -N (Rw2#) (Rw3#) is In some embodiments, -N (Rw2#) (Rw3#) is In some embodiments, -N (Rw2#) (Rw3#) is Rwh
[0119] In some embodiments, Rwh is -OH. In some embodiments, Rwh is -SH. M
[0120] In some embodiments, M is -N=. In some embodiments, M is -C (Rs1) =, wherein Rs1 is as described herein. In some embodiments, M is -C (Rs1) =, wherein Rs1 is as described herein and is not hydrogen. In some embodiments, M is -C (Rs1) =, wherein Rs1 is independently and optionally substituted group selected from C1-20 aliphatic, C1-20 heteroaliphatic having 1-10 heteroatoms, C6-20 aryl, 5-20 membered heteroaryl having 1-10 heteroatoms, 3-20 membered heterocyclyl having 1-10 heteroatoms and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-30 carbon atoms and 0-10 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, M is -C (Rs1) =, wherein Rs1 is independently and optionally substituted group selected from C1-6 aliphatic, C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-3 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, M is -C (Rs1) =, wherein Rs1 is C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, M is -C (Rs1) =, wherein Rs1 is -N (R’) 2, and R’ is as described herein. In some embodiments, M is -C (Rs1) =, wherein Rs1 is -N (R’) 2, and R’ is independently and optionally substituted group selected from C1-6 aliphatic, C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-3 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, M is -C (NH-C1-6 aliphatic) =. In some embodiments, M is -C (NH-C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-3 heteroatoms) =. In some embodiments, M is -C (Rs1) =, wherein Rs1 is independently and optionally substituted group selected from halogen (e.g., fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodine, etc. ) , C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 haloalkoxyl. In some embodiments, M is independently -C (-OR’) =, -C (NR-OR’) =, or -C (NR’-C (R’) 3) =, wherein each of R’ is as described herein. In some embodiments, M is -C (-OR) =, wherein R is as described herein. In some embodiments, M is -C (OR) =, wherein R is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, M is -C (Rs1) =, wherein Rs1 is independently -H, -NH2, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -CH3, -NHCH3, -CHF2, -CF3, -NHCD3, -NHCH2CH3, -NHCH2CH2CH3, -NHCH (CH3) 2, -N (CH3) 2, -NHCH2CF3, -NHCH2CHF2, -NHCH2CH=CH2, -OH, -OCH3, -NHOH, -NH-O-CH3, -NHCN, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexy, cycloheptyl. In some embodiments, when Rs1 is -OH, a ring or compound may exist in a tautomeric form. In some embodiments, -C (OH) = may exist as -C (O) -. In some embodiments, -C (OH) =N-may exist as -C (O) -NH-.
[0121] In some embodiments, M is -C (=Y) -, wherein Y is as described herein, and with the provision that Q is -N (Rs2) - (i.e., is -C (=Y) -N (Rs2) - (e.g., -C (O) -NH-, -C (S) -NH-, -C (=NRs0) -NH-, etc. ) . ) . In some embodiments, M is -C (=O) -. In some embodiments, M is -C (=S) -. In some embodiments, M is -C (=NRs0) -, wherein Rs0 is as described herein.
[0122] In some embodiments, M is independently -N=, -C (H) =, -C (NH2) =, -C (CH3) =, -C (NHCH3) =, -C (N (CH3) 2) =, -C (NHCD3) =, -C (NHCH2CH3) =, -C (NHCH2CH2CH3) =, -C (NHCH (CH3) 2) =, -C (N (CH3) 2) =, -C (NHCH2CF3) =, -C (NHCH2CHF2) =, -C (NHCH2C=CH) =, -C (NHCH2CH=CH2) =, -C (NHOH) =, -C (NHOCH3) =, -C (NHCN) =, -C (Cl) =, -C (F) =, -C (CHF2) =, -C (CF3) =, -C (OH) =, -C (OCH3) =. Q
[0123] In some embodiments, Q is -N=, or -N (Rs2) -, with the provision that only when M is -C (=Y) -, Q is -N (Rs2) -. In some embodiments, Q is -N=. In some embodiments, Q is -N (Rs2) -, and M is -C (=Y) -; wherein Y, Rs2 is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Q is independently -N (H) -, -N (CH3) -, and with the provision that M is -C (=Y) -, wherein Y is as described herein (That is is corresponds to -C (O) -NH-, -C (O) -N (CH3) -. ) .
[0124] In some embodiments, is M=Q (e.g., N=N, C (Rs1) =N, etc., wherein the nitrogen atom bonded to carbon atom of which R4 is attached) . In some embodiments, is M-Q (e.g., -C (=S) -N (Rs2) -, or -C (=O) -N (Rs2) -, etc., wherein the nitrogen atom bonded to carbon atom of which R4 is attached) . W
[0125] In some embodiments, W is -S-, N=C, C=N, C=C, N=N, -N=, -C (O) -. In some embodiments, W is -C (Rs7Rs8) -, -C (Rs7) =, -NRs9-, -C (O) N (Rs10) -, -N (Rs10) -C (O) -, -C (Rs7Rs8) -C (Rs11Rs12) -, -C (Rs7Rs8) -O-, -O-C (Rs7Rs8) -, -C (Rs7Rs8) -NRs9-, -NRs9-C (Rs7Rs8) -; wherein each of Rs7, Rs8, Rs9, Rs10, Rs11, Rs12 is independently Rs, and each Rs is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, each of Rs is independently H, -NH2, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -CH3, -NHCH3, -CHF2, -CF3, -NHCD3, -NHCH2CH3, -NHCH2CH2CH3, -NHCH (CH3) 2, -N (CH3) 2, -NHCH2CF3, -NHCH2CHF2, -NHCH2CH=CH2, -OH, -OCH3, -NHOH, -NH-O-CH3, -NHCN, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexy, cycloheptyl. In some embodiments, when there are two or more Rs on the same atom, they can be the same or different and each is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, W is -S-, -N=CH-, -HC=N-, -C=C-, -N=N-, -CH2-, -CH=, -N=, -NH-, -C (O) NH-, -NH-C (O) -, -C (O) -, -CH2-CH2-, -CH2-O-, -O-CH2-, -CH2-NH-, -NH-CH2-. X1
[0126] As described herein, X1 is -O-, -S-, -C (R1) =, -N (R1) -, or optionally substituted -CH=, -CH=CH-, or -NH-. In some embodiments, X1 is -O-. In some embodiments, X1 is -S-. In some embodiments, X1 is -C (R1) = wherein R1 is as described herein. In some embodiments, X1 is -N (R1) -wherein R1 is as described herein. In some embodiments, X1 is optionally substituted -CH=. In some embodiments, X1 is -CH=. In some embodiments, X1 is optionally substituted -CH=CH-. In some embodiments, X1 is -CH=CH-. In some embodiments, X1 is optionally substituted -NH-. In some embodiments, X1 is -NH-. X
[0127] In some embodiments, X is C, C (Rs6) , N; wherein R6 is as described herein. In some embodiments, X is N. In some embodiments, X is C. In some embodiments, X is C (Rs6) , wherein R6 is independently Rs. In some embodiments, Rs is independently H, -NH2, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -CH3, -NHCH3, -CHF2, -CF3, -NHCD3, -NHCH2CH3, -NHCH2CH2CH3, -NHCH (CH3) 2, -N (CH3) 2, -NHCH2CF3, -NHCH2CHF2, -NHCH2CH=CH2, -OH, -OCH3, -NHOH, -NH-O-CH3, -NHCN, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexy, cycloheptyl. In some embodiments, X is CH. Z
[0128] In some embodiments, Z is -C (O) -. In some embodiments, Z is -O-. In some embodiments, Z is -S-. In some embodiments, Z is -N=. In some embodiments, Z is independently -N (Rs5) -, -C (Rs3) =, -C (Rs3Rs4) -, wherein Rs3, Rs4, Rs5 is independently Rs. In some embodiments, Rs is independently H, -NH2, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -CH3, -NHCH3, -CHF2, -CF3, -NHCD3, -NHCH2CH3, -NHCH2CH2CH3, -NHCH (CH3) 2, -N (CH3) 2, -NHCH2CF3, -NHCH2CHF2, -NHCH2CH=CH2, -OH, -OCH3, -NHOH, -NH-O-CH3, -NHCN, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexy, cycloheptyl. In some embodiments, when there are two or more Rs on the same atom, they can be the same or different and each is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Z is -CH2-, -CH=, -NH-, -NCH3-, -CH (CH3) -, -C (CH3) 2-, -CH (F) -, -CH (CF3) -.
[0129] the bond between M and Q, can be a single or double bond. In some embodiments, is M=Q (e.g., N=N, C (NH2) =N, etc., wherein the nitrogen atom bonded to carbon atom of which R4 is attached. ) . In some embodiments, is M-Q (e.g., -C (=S) -NH-, or -C (=O) -NH-, etc., wherein the nitrogen atom bonded to carbon atom of which R4 is attached. ) . In some embodiments, one or more bonds of are double bonds. In some embodiments, each bond of is single bond. R4
[0130] In some embodiments, R4 comprises an isourea moiety. In some embodiments, R4 is an isourea moiety. In some embodiments, R4 comprises an isothiourea moiety. In some embodiments, R4 is an isothiourea moiety. In some embodiments, R4 is -Lw-Rw, wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, R4 is Rw as described herein. In some embodiments, R4 is -O-C (=NRw1) N (Rw2) (Rw3) wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, R4 is -S-C (=NRw1) N (Rw2) (Rw3) wherein each variable is independently as described herein.
[0131] In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is
[0132] In some embodiments, R4 is R4*. In some embodiments, R4 is R4#. In some embodiments, R4 is -Lw-Rwh, wherein each variable is independently as described herein. R4*
[0133] In some embodiments, R4*is -Lw*-Rw*, wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, R4*is -Lw*-Rw*, wherein Lw*is a bivalent optionally substituted C1 alkyl, Rw*is as described herein. For example, in some embodiments, R4*is -CH2-T-C (=NRw1*) N (Rw2*) (Rw3*) , wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, R4*is -CH2-O-C (=NRw1*) N (Rw2*) (Rw3*) , wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, R4*is -CH2-S-C (=NRw1*) N (Rw2*) (Rw3*) , wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, R4*is -CH2-O-C (=NH) N (Rw2*) (Rw3*) , wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, R4*is -CH2-S-C (=NH) N (Rw2*) (Rw3*) , wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, R4*is -CH2-O-C (=NH) N (Rw2*) (Rw3*) , wherein Rw2*and Rw3* are taken together with the nitrogen atom which they are attached to form a 5-6 membered saturated ring which is substituted with halogen (e.g., -F, -Cl, -Br, or -I) , or haloalkyl (e.g., –CF2H, –CF3, etc. ) .
[0134] In some embodiments, R4*is optionally substituted
[0135] In some embodiments, R4*is In some embodiments, R4*is In some embodiments, R4*is In some embodiments, R4*is In some embodiments, R4*is In some embodiments, R4*is In some embodiments, R4*is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R4*is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R4*is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R4*is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R4*is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R4*is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R4*is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R4*is optionally substituted R4#
[0136] In some embodiments, R4#is -Lw#-Rw#, wherein Lw#is a bivalent optionally substituted C1 alkyl; Rw1#is independently -L-R’ or a detectable moiety; Rw2#and Rw3#are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted, 3-14 (e.g., 3-10, 3-8, 4-8, 5-7, 5-6, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, etc. ) membered unaromatic ring having, in addition to the nitrogen atom which they are attached, 0-6 heteroatoms, wherein the ring does not contain ring D. For example, in some embodiments, R4#is -CH2-O-C (=NRw1#) N (Rw2#) (Rw3#) , wherein Rw1#is independently -L-R’ or a detectable moiety; Rw2#and Rw3#are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted, 4-6 membered unaromatic ring having, in addition to the nitrogen atom which they are attached, 0-5 heteroatoms, wherein the ring does not contain ring D. In some embodiments, R4#is -CH2-S-C (=NRw1#) N (Rw2#) (Rw3#) , wherein Rw1#is independently -L-R’ or a detectable moiety; Rw2#and Rw3#are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted, 4-6 membered unaromatic ring having, in addition to the nitrogen atom which they are attached, 0-5 heteroatoms, wherein the ring does not contain ring D.
[0137] In some embodiments, R4#is -CH2-O-C (=NH) N (Rw2#) (Rw3#) , wherein Rw2#and Rw3#are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted, 5-6 membered unaromatic ring having, in addition to the nitrogen atom which they are attached, 0-5 heteroatoms, wherein the ring does not contain ring D. In some embodiments, R4#is -CH2-O-C (=NH) N (Rw2#) (Rw3#) , wherein Rw2#and Rw3#are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted, 5-6 membered saturated ring having, in addition to the nitrogen atom which they are attached, 0-5 heteroatoms, wherein the ring does not contain ring D.
[0138] In some embodiments, R4#is In some embodiments, R4*is In some embodiments, R4#is In some embodiments, R4#is In some embodiments, R4#is In some embodiments, R4#is In some embodiments, R4#is In some embodiments, R4#is In some embodiments, R4#is In some embodiments, R4#is In some embodiments, R4#is In some embodiments, R4#is In some embodiments, R4#is In some embodiments, R4#is In some embodiments, R4#is In some embodiments, R4*is In some embodiments, R4#is In some embodiments, R4#is In some embodiments, R4#is Ring
[0139] As described herein, various groups or moieties in the present disclosure are or comprising rings, e.g., Ring L, Ring P, -Cy-, rings formed by two or more R groups (and / or groups that can be R such as R’, R”, Rs, Rw1, Rw2, Rw3, etc. ) taken together with their intervening atom (s) . Unless otherwise specified, rings are optionally substituted. Certain rings are described herein as examples.
[0140] In some embodiments, a ring is an optionally substituted 3-20 (e.g., 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20) membered, monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic ring having 0-5 (e.g., 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, a ring is monocyclic. In some embodiments, A ring is bicyclic. In some embodiments, A ring is polycyclic. In some embodiments, A ring is saturated. In some embodiments, A ring is partially unsaturated. In some embodiments, A ring is aromatic. In some embodiments, A ring is 3-membered. In some embodiments, it is 4-membered. In some embodiments, it is 5-membered. In some embodiments, it is 6-membered. In some embodiments, it is 7-membered. In some embodiments, it is 8-membered. In some embodiments, it is 9-membered. In some embodiments, it is 10-membered. In some embodiments, it is 11-membered. In some embodiments, it is 12-membered. In some embodiments, it is 13-membered. In some embodiments, it is 14-membered. In some embodiments, it is 15-membered. In some embodiments, it is 16-membered. In some embodiments, it is 17-membered. In some embodiments, it is 18-membered. In some embodiments, it is 19-membered. In some embodiments, it is 20-membered. In some embodiments, a ring is bicyclic or polycyclic comprising two or more monocyclic ring unit. For example, a indole ring is bicyclic and has two monocyclic ring units one of which is 5-membered and the other is 6-membered. In some embodiments, each monocyclic ring unit is independently an optionally substituted, 3-10, 3-8, 3-7, 3-6, 4-10, 5-10, 5-9, 5-8, 5-7, 5-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 membered, saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic ring having 0-4 (e.g., 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, each monocyclic ring unit is independently 3-7 membered. In some embodiments, a monocyclic ring unit is 3-membered. In some embodiments, a monocyclic ring unit is 4-membered. In some embodiments, a monocyclic ring unit is 5-membered. In some embodiments, a monocyclic ring unit is 6-membered. In some embodiments, a monocyclic ring unit is 7-membered. In some embodiments, a monocyclic ring unit is 8-membered. In some embodiments, a monocyclic ring unit is 9-membered. In some embodiments, a monocyclic ring unit is 10-membered. In some embodiments, as described herein, each heteroatom is independently selected nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, a monocyclic ring unit is saturated. In some embodiments, a monocyclic ring unit is partially unsaturated. In some embodiments, a monocyclic ring unit is aromatic. In some embodiments, a monocyclic ring unit is heteroaromatic. In some embodiments, there is one ring atom of a monocyclic ring unit that is a heteroatom. In some embodiments, there are two or more ring atoms of a monocyclic ring unit each of which is independently a heteroatom. In some embodiments, there are three or more ring atoms of a monocyclic ring unit each of which is independently a heteroatom. In some embodiments, there are four or more ring atoms of a monocyclic ring unit each of which is independently a heteroatom.
[0141] In some embodiments, a ring or a monocyclic unit thereof is an optionally substituted 3-20 (e.g., 3-15, 3-10, 3-9, 3-8, 3-7, 3-6, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 etc. ) cycloaliphatic ring. In some embodiments, a ring or a monocyclic unit thereof is an optionally substituted 3-20 (e.g., 3-15, 3-10, 3-9, 3-8, 3-7, 3-6, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 etc. ) cycloalkyl ring. In some embodiments, a ring or a monocyclic unit thereof is an optionally substituted 3-20 (e.g., 3-15, 3-10, 3-9, 3-8, 3-7, 3-6, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 etc. ) heteroaliphatic ring having 1-6 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, a ring or a monocyclic unit thereof is an optionally substituted 3-20 (e.g., 3-15, 3-10, 3-9, 3-8, 3-7, 3-6, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 etc. ) heterocyclyl ring having 1-6 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, a ring or a monocyclic unit thereof is an optionally substituted phenyl ring. In some embodiments, a ring or a monocyclic unit thereof is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, a ring or a monocyclic unit thereof is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, at least one heteroatom is nitrogen. In some embodiments, each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Rs
[0142] In some embodiments, Rs is R” as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs is R’ as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs is R as described herein.
[0143] In some embodiments, Rs is -H. In some embodiments, Rs is not -H.
[0144] In some embodiments, Rs is halogen. In some embodiments, Rs is -F. In some embodiments, Rs is -Cl. In some embodiments, Rs is -Br. In some embodiments, Rs is -I. In some embodiments, Rs is -CN. In some embodiments, Rs is oxo. In some embodiments, Rs is -NO2. In some embodiments, Rs is optionally substituted acyl. In some embodiments, Rs is optionally substituted acylamino. In some embodiments, Rs is hydroxy. In some embodiments, Rs is optionally substituted amino acid. In some embodiments, Rs is optionally substituted amine. In some embodiments, Rs is optionally substituted amide. In some embodiments, Rs is optionally substituted carbamate. In some embodiments, Rs is optionally substituted ester. In some embodiments, Rs is optionally substituted ether. In some embodiments, Rs is optionally substituted carboxylic acid. In some embodiments, Rs is optionally substituted thio. In some embodiments, Rs is optionally substituted thioalkyl. In some embodiments, Rs is optionally substituted thioester. In some embodiments, Rs is optionally substituted thioether. In some embodiments, Rs is optionally substituted sulfate. In some embodiments, Rs is optionally substituted sulfonamide. In some embodiments, Rs is optionally substituted sulfoxide. In some embodiments, Rs is optionally substituted sulfonate. In some embodiments, Rs is optionally substituted sulfone. In some embodiments, Rs is optionally substituted alkylsulfonyl. In some embodiments, Rs is optionally substituted arylsulfonyl. In some embodiments, when there are two or more Rs, they can be the same or different and each is independently as described herein.
[0145] In some embodiments, there is one occurrence of Rs bonded to a moiety, e.g., a ring. In some embodiments, two or more occurrences of Rs are bonded to a moiety, e.g., a ring, wherein each occurrence of Rs is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, an occurrence of Rs is halogen. In some embodiments, an occurrence of Rs is -F. In some embodiments, an occurrence of Rs is -Cl. In some embodiments, an occurrence of Rs is -N (R’) 2. In some embodiments, each occurrence of Rs is independently -H, -N (R) 2, -OR, -CN, and optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, an occurrence of Rs is -N (R) 2, wherein each R is independently -H or optionally substituted C1-20 aliphatic. In some embodiments, an occurrence of Rs is -N (R) 2, wherein each R is independently -H or optionally substituted C1-10 aliphatic. In some embodiments, an occurrence of Rs is -NHR, wherein each R is independently -H or optionally substituted C1-20 aliphatic. In some embodiments, an occurrence of Rs is -NHR, wherein each R is independently -H or optionally substituted C1-10 aliphatic. In some embodiments, each Rs is independently -H, -NH2, -CN, -CH3. In some embodiments, an occurrence of Rs is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, an occurrence of Rs is optionally substituted methyl. In some embodiments, an occurrence of Rs is methyl optionally substituted with 1-3 fluoro. In some embodiments, an occurrence of Rs is -CF3. In some embodiments, an occurrence of RS is optionally substituted In some embodiments, one occurrence of Rs is optionally substituted In some embodiments, an occurrence of Rs is para relative to the position at which Ring A is attached to the rest of the compound. In some embodiments, each Rs is independently halogen, or optionally substituted C1-20 aliphatic or C1-20 heteroaliphatic having 1-10 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, an occurrence of Rs is -OCH3. In some embodiments, an occurrence of Rs is -OCF3. In some embodiments, an occurrence of Rs is -S (O) 2-R’. In some embodiments, an occurrence of Rs is -S (O) 2-R. In some embodiments, an occurrence of Rs is -S (O) 2-CH3.
[0146] In some embodiments, each Rs on ring L2 is independently H, oxo, hydroxyl, C1-4 aliphatic, C1-4 heteroaliphatic having 1-2 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered cycloalkyl, or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-6 carbon atoms and 0-3 heteroatoms; or two or more Rs groups are optionally and independently taken together with their intervening atom (s) to form an optionally substituted, 3-8 membered ring having, in addition to the intervening atom (s) , 0-4 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, the formed ring is 3 membered (e.g. ) . In some embodiments, the formed ring is 4 membered (e.g. ) . In some embodiments, the formed ring is 5 membered (e.g. ) . In some embodiments, the formed ring is 6 membered (e.g. ) . In some embodiments, the formed ring is saturated. In some embodiments, the formed ring is partially saturated. In some embodiments, each Rs on ring L2 is independently H, oxo, C1-4 alkyl. Rs1
[0147] In some embodiments, Rs1 is Rs as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -L-R’, wherein L, and R’ are independent as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs1 is R’ as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs1 is R as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -N (R’) 2, wherein each R’ is as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -N (R’) 2, wherein each R’ is independently -H or optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -NHR’ wherein R’ is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -NHR’, wherein R’ is -H or optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -N (R’) 2, wherein each R’ is as described herein, and at least one R’ is not H. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -N (R) 2, wherein each R is as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -N (R) 2, wherein each R is independently -H or an optionally substituted C1-10 aliphatic, C1-10 heteroaliphatic having 1-5 heteroatoms, 3-14 membered heterocyclyl having 1-7 heteroatoms and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -N (R) 2, wherein two R groups are taken with the nitrogen atom to form an optionally substituted, 3-8 membered ring having 0-4 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -NHR, wherein R is independently and optionally substituted C1-10 aliphatic, C1-10 heteroaliphatic having 1-5 heteroatoms, 3-14 membered heterocyclyl having 1-7 heteroatoms and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -NHR, wherein R is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -NHR, wherein R is an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl having 1-3 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -NHR, wherein R is an optionally substituted 3-6 membered cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, Rs1 is optionally substituted -NR-OR, wherein each R is independent as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs1 is optionally substituted -NH-O-C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rs1 is optionally substituted -NH-O-C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -NH-C (R) 3. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -NH-C (R) 3, wherein each R is independently and optionally substituted C1-10 aliphatic, C1-10 heteroaliphatic having 1-5 heteroatoms, 3-14 membered heterocyclyl having 1-7 heteroatoms and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -NH-C (R) 3, wherein each R is independently and optionally substituted C1-10 aliphatic, C1-10 heteroaliphatic having 1-5 heteroatoms, 3-14 membered heterocyclyl having 1-7 heteroatoms and combinations thereof; and two or more R groups with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted, 3-20 membered, monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic ring having 0-10 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, a formed ring is saturated. In some embodiments, a formed ring is partially unsaturated. In some embodiments, a formed ring is a bridge ring. In some embodiments, a formed ring is independently a fused ring, or a spiro ring. In some embodiments, a formed ring is independently 3-14 (e.g., 3-10, 3-8, 4-10, 7-12, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, etc. ) emembered having 0-7 (e.g., 0-5, 1-4, 1-3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, a formed ring is 5-membered. In some embodiments, a formed ring is 6-membered. In some embodiments, a formed ring is a bridged cycloaliphatic ring. In some embodiments, Rs1 is-NH-C (R) 3, wherein each R is independently as described in formula B-1. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -N (R) 2, wherein each R is independently as described in formula B-1. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -NH (OR) , wherein each R is independently as described in formula B-1.
[0148] In some embodiments, Rs1 is optionally substituted -NH2. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -NH2. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -NHCH3. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -NHCD3. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -NHCH2CH3. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -NHCH2CH2CH3. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -NHCH (CH3) 2. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -N (CH3) 2. In some embodiments, Rs1 is In some embodiments, Rs1 is In some embodiments, Rs1 is In some embodiments, Rs1 is In some embodiments, Rs1 is In some embodiments, Rs1 is In some embodiments, Rs1 is In some embodiments, Rs1 is In some embodiments, Rs1 is In some embodiments, Rs1 is -NHCH2CF3. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -NHCH2CHF2. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -NHCH2C=CH. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -NHCH2CH=CH2. In some embodiments, Rs1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Rs1 is In some embodiments, Rs1 is In some embodiments, Rs1 is -OR’ wherein R’ is as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -OR, wherein R is as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -OR, wherein R is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -OH. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -OCH3. In some embodiments, Rs1 is halogen. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -F. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -Cl. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -Br. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -I. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -H. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -CF3. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -CHF2. In some embodiments, Rs1 is optionally substituted -NH-O-CH3. In some embodiments, Rs1 is optionally substituted -NH-CN. Rs2
[0149] In some embodiments, Rs2 is Rs as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs2 is R’ as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs2 is R as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs2 is -H. In some embodiments, Rs2 is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rs2 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. Rs3
[0150] In some embodiments, Rs3 is Rs as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs3 is R’ as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs3 is R as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs3 is -H. In some embodiments, Rs3 is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rs3 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl.
[0151] In some embodiments, each of Rs2 and Rs3 is independently R as described herein. In some embodiments, both are -H. In some embodiments, each is independently -H or C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, each is independently optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, each is independently optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rs2 and Rs3 are the same. In some embodiments, Rs2 and Rs3 are different. In some embodiments, both Rs2 and Rs3 are methyl. In some embodiments, Rs2 is -H, and Rs3 is methyl.
[0152] In some embodiments, Rs2 and Rs3 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3-9, 3-8, 4-10, 5-10, 5-9, 5-8, 5-7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring having 0-4 (e.g., 1-4, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rs2 and Rs3 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-6 membered saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclyl ring.
[0153] In some embodiments, Rs2 and Rs3 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-6 membered saturated unsaturated carbocyclyl ring. In some embodiments, Rs2 and Rs3 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-6 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring having 1-4 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, a heteroatom is nitrogen. In some embodiments, a heteroatom is oxygen. In some embodiments, a heteroatom is sulfur. In some embodiments, a formed ring is saturated. In some embodiments, a formed ring is partially unsaturated. In some embodiments, a formed ring 3-membered. In some embodiments, a formed ring is 4-membered. In some embodiments, a formed ring is 5-membered. In some embodiments, a formed ring is 6-membered. In some embodiments, Rs2 and Rs3 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted cyclopropyl ring. In some embodiments, Rs2 and Rs3 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a cyclopropyl ring. In some embodiments, Rs2 and Rs3 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a cyclobutyl ring. In some embodiments, Rs2 and Rs3 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a cyclopentyl ring. In some embodiments, Rs2 and Rs3 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a cyclohexyl ring. In some embodiments, Rs2 and Rs3 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-6 membered saturated ring having an oxygen atom. In some embodiments, Rs2 and Rs3 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form optionally substituted In some embodiments, Rs2 and Rs3 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form In some embodiments, Rs2 and Rs3 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form optionally substituted In some embodiments, Rs2 and Rs3 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form Rs21
[0154] In some embodiments, Rs21 is Rs as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs21 is R’ as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs21 is R as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs21 is -H. In some embodiments, Rs21 is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rs21 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. Rs31
[0155] In some embodiments, Rs31 is Rs as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs31 is R’ as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs31 is R as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs31 is -H. In some embodiments, Rs31 is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rs31 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. Rs4
[0156] In some embodiments, Rs4 is Rs as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs4 is R’ as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs4 is R as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs4 is -H. In some embodiments, Rs4 is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rs4 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl.
[0157] In some embodiments, each of Rs4 and Rs31 is independently R as described herein. In some embodiments, both are -H. In some embodiments, each is independently -H or C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, each is independently optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, each is independently optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rs4 and Rs31 are the same. In some embodiments, Rs4 and Rs31 are different. In some embodiments, both Rs4 and Rs31 are methyl. In some embodiments, Rs4 is -H, and Rs31 is methyl.
[0158] In some embodiments, Rs4 and Rs31 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3-9, 3-8, 4-10, 5-10, 5-9, 5-8, 5-7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring having 0-4 (e.g., 1-4, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rs4 and Rs31 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-6 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring having 0-4 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, a heteroatom is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. In some embodiments, a formed ring is saturated. In some embodiments, a formed ring is partially unsaturated. In some embodiments, a formed ring is independently 3, 4, 5, 6-membered. In some embodiments, Rs4 and Rs31 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl. In some embodiments, Rs4 and Rs31 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-6 membered saturated ring having an oxygen atom. In some embodiments, Rs4 and Rs31 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form optionally substituted Rs5
[0159] In some embodiments, Rs5 is Rs as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs5 is R” as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs5 is R’ as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs5 is R as described herein.
[0160] In some embodiments, Rs5 is -H. In some embodiments, Rs5 is not -H. In some embodiments, Rs5 is halogen (e.g., -F, -Cl, -Br, -I) . In some embodiments, Rs5 is -CH3. R56
[0161] In some embodiments, Rs5 is Rs as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs5 is R” as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs5 is R’ as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs5 is R as described herein.
[0162] In some embodiments, Rs5 is -H. In some embodiments, Rs5 is not -H. In some embodiments, Rs5 is halogen (e.g., -F, -Cl, -Br, -I) . In some embodiments, Rs5 is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rs5 is -CH3. In some embodiments, Rs5 is -CN. Rs6
[0163] In some embodiments, Rs6 is Rs as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs6 is R” as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs6 is R’ as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs6 is R as described herein.
[0164] In some embodiments, Rs6 is -H. In some embodiments, Rs6 is not -H. In some embodiments, Rs6 is halogen (e.g., -F, -Cl, -Br, -I) . In some embodiments, Rs6 is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rs6 is -CH3. In some embodiments, Rs6 is -CN. Rs7
[0165] In some embodiments, Rs7 is Rs as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs7 is R” as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs7 is R’ as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs7 is R as described herein.
[0166] In some embodiments, Rs7 is -H. In some embodiments, Rs7 is not -H. In some embodiments, Rs7 is halogen (e.g., -F, -Cl, -Br, -I) . In some embodiments, Rs7 is -CH3. In some embodiments, Rs7 is -CN. Rs8
[0167] In some embodiments, Rs8 is Rs as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs8 is R” as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs8 is R’ as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs8 is R as described herein.
[0168] In some embodiments, Rs8 is -H. In some embodiments, Rs8 is not -H. In some embodiments, Rs8 is halogen (e.g., -F, -Cl, -Br, -I) . In some embodiments, Rs8 is -CH3. In some embodiments, Rs8 is -CN.
[0169] In some embodiments, Rs7 and Rs8 both are -H. In some embodiments, each is independently -H or C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, each is independently optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, each is independently optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rs7 and Rs8 are the same. In some embodiments, Rs7 and Rs8 are different. In some embodiments, both Rs7 and Rs8 are methyl. In some embodiments, Rs7 is -H, and Rs8 is methyl.
[0170] In some embodiments, Rs7 and Rs8 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3-9, 3-8, 4-10, 5-10, 5-9, 5-8, 5-7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring having 0-4 (e.g., 1-4, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rs7 and Rs8 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-6 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring having 0-4 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, a heteroatom is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. In some embodiments, a formed ring is saturated. In some embodiments, a formed ring is partially unsaturated. In some embodiments, a formed ring is independently 3, 4, 5, 6-membered. In some embodiments, Rs7 and Rs8 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl. In some embodiments, Rs7 and Rs8 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-6 membered saturated ring having an oxygen atom. Rs9
[0171] In some embodiments, Rs9 is Rs as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs9 is R” as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs9 is R’ as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs9 is R as described herein.
[0172] In some embodiments, Rs9 is -H. In some embodiments, Rs9 is not -H. In some embodiments, Rs9 is halogen (e.g., -F, -Cl, -Br, -I) . In some embodiments, Rs9 is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rs9 is -CH3. Rs10
[0173] In some embodiments, Rs10 is Rs as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs10 is R” as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs10 is R’ as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs10 is R as described herein.
[0174] In some embodiments, Rs10 is -H. In some embodiments, Rs10 is not -H. In some embodiments, Rs10 is halogen (e.g., -F, -Cl, -Br, -I) . In some embodiments, Rs10 is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rs10 is -CH3. Rs11
[0175] In some embodiments, Rs11 is Rs as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs11 is R” as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs11 is R’ as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs11 is R as described herein.
[0176] In some embodiments, Rs11 is -H. In some embodiments, Rs11 is not -H. In some embodiments, Rs11 is halogen (e.g., -F, -Cl, -Br, -I) . In some embodiments, Rs11 is -CH3. In some embodiments, Rs11 is -CN. Rs12
[0177] In some embodiments, Rs12 is Rs as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs12 is R” as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs12 is R’ as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs12 is R as described herein.
[0178] In some embodiments, Rs12 is -H. In some embodiments, Rs12 is not -H. In some embodiments, Rs12 is halogen (e.g., -F, -Cl, -Br, -I) . In some embodiments, Rs12 is -CH3. In some embodiments, Rs12 is -CN.
[0179] In some embodiments, Rs11 and Rs12 both are -H. In some embodiments, each is independently -H or C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, each is independently optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, each is independently optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rs11 and Rs12 are the same. In some embodiments, Rs11 and Rs12 are different. In some embodiments, both Rs11 and Rs12 are methyl. In some embodiments, Rs11 is -H, and Rs12 is methyl.
[0180] In some embodiments, Rs11 and Rs12 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3-9, 3-8, 4-10, 5-10, 5-9, 5-8, 5-7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring having 0-4 (e.g., 1-4, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rs7 and Rs8 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-6 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring having 0-4 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, a heteroatom is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. In some embodiments, a formed ring is saturated. In some embodiments, a formed ring is partially unsaturated. In some embodiments, a formed ring is independently 3, 4, 5, 6-membered. In some embodiments, Rs7 and Rs8 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl. In some embodiments, Rs7 and Rs8 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-6 membered saturated ring having an oxygen atom. LR1
[0181] In some embodiments, LR1 is wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, LR1 is wherein M, Q, W, X, Z is independently as described herein; the bond between M and Q, can be a single or double bond; “*” indicates the atom bonded to R4. In some embodiments, a ring may exist a tautomeric form (e.g., -C (OH) = and -C (O) -) . In some embodiments, LR1 is and each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, LR1 is and each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, LR1 is and each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, LR1 is optionally substituted wherein M is -N=, or -C (Rs1) =; “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, LR1 is wherein M is -N=, or -C (Rs1) =; “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, LR1 is wherein M is -C (Rs1) =; and Rs1 is not hydroxyl, “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, LR1 is wherein M is -C (Rs1) =; and Rs1 is not hydroxyl, “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1.
[0182] In some embodiments, LR1 is wherein the carbon atom of moiety is bonded to R4.
[0183] In some embodiments, the LR1 is wherein the carbon atom of moiety is bonded to R4.
[0184] In some embodiments, LR1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, LR1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, LR1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, LR1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, LR1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, LR1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, LR1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, LR1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, LR1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, LR1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, LR1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, LR1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, LR1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, LR1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, LR1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, LR1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, LR1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, LR1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, LR1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, LR1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, LR1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, LR1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, LR1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, LR1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, LR1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, LR1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, LR1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. LR2
[0185] In some embodiments, LR2 is wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, LR2 is wherein “*” indicates the atom bonded to R4*, and each variable is as described herein. In some embodiments, LR2 is wherein “*” indicates the atom bonded to R4*, and each variable is as described herein. For example, in some embodiments, LR2 is optionally substituted wherein the nitrogen atom is boned to Lb2. In some embodiments, LR2 is optionally substituted wherein “*” indicates the atom bonded to R4*
[0186] In some embodiments, LR2 is -Cy-as described herein. In some embodiments, LR2 is wherein each of Rs1, Rs2 and Rs3 is independently Rs as described herein, the nitrogen atom is bonded to Lb2. In some embodiments, LR2 is wherein each of Rs1, Rs2 and Rs3 is independently Rs as described herein, the nitrogen atom is bonded to Lb2. In some embodiments, LR2 is wherein each variable is independently as described herein, and “*” indicates the atom bonded to R4*. In some embodiments, LR2 is wherein each variable is independently as described herein, and “*” indicates the atom bonded to R4*. In some embodiments, LR2 is wherein each variable is independently as described herein, and “*” indicates the atom bonded to R4*. Ring L1
[0187] In some embodiments, Ring L1 is bicyclic. In some embodiments, Ring L1 is polycyclic, when two or more R groups (and / or groups that can be R such as R’, R”, Rs, etc. ) are taken together with their intervening atom (s) to form a ring. In some embodiments, a formed ring is saturated. In some embodiments, a formed ring is partially saturated. In some embodiments, Ring L1 is aromatic ring. In some embodiments, Ring L1 is nonaromatic ring. In some embodiments, it has 2-6 heteroatoms, two of which is nitrogen. In some embodiments, a heteroatom is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. In some embodiments, it has at least two nitrogen atoms.
[0188] In some embodiments, Ring L1 is optionally substituted wherein M is -N=, or -C (Rs1) =; “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1, each other variable is independently as described herein.
[0189] In some embodiments, ring L1 is wherein the carbon atom of moiety is bonded to R4.
[0190] In some embodiments, Ring L1 is optionally substituted wherein M is -N=, or -C (Rs1) =; “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, Ring L1 is wherein M is -N=, or -C (Rs1) =; “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, Ring L1 is wherein M is -C (Rs1) =; and Rs1 is not hydroxyl; “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, Ring L1 is wherein M is -C (Rs1) =; and Rs1 is not hydroxyl, “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, Ring L1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, Ring L1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, Ring L1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, Ring L1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, Ring L1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, Ring L1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, Ring L1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, Ring L1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, Ring L1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, Ring L1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, Ring L1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, Ring L1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, Ring L1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, Ring L1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1.
[0191] In some embodiments, Ring L1 is optionally substituted wherein M is -N=, or -C (Rs1) =; each -NH-, -CH=, -CH2-of Ring L1 is independently and optionally substituted with one or more Rs; “*” indicates the atom bonded to R4.
[0192] In some embodiments, Ring L1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, Ring L1 is the nitrogen atom is bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, Ring L1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, Ring L1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, Ring L1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, Ring L1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, Ring L1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb. In some embodiments, Ring L is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, Ring L1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, Ring L1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, Ring L1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, Ring L1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. In some embodiments, Ring L1 is “*” indicates the atom bonded to Lb1. Ring L2
[0193] In some embodiments, Ring L2 is an optionally substituted, 3-20 membered, monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic ring having 0-10 heteroatoms as described herein. In some embodiments, Ring L2 is a ring as described herein, e.g., in section Ring A. In some embodiments, Ring L2 is or comprises an optionally substituted monocyclic aromatic ring unit having 0-4 (e.g., 0-3, 2-4, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Ring L2 is or comprises an optionally substituted monocyclic aromatic unit having 1-4 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Ring L2 is wherein “*” indicates the atom bonded to R4*.
[0194] . In some embodiments, Ring L2 is or comprises an optionally substituted bicyclic aromatic unit having 0-6 heteroatoms.
[0195] In some embodiments, Ring L2 is monocyclic. In some embodiments, Ring L2 is bicyclic. In some embodiments, Ring L2 is polycyclic. In some embodiments, Ring L2 is or comprises an optionally substituted 6-membered monocyclic aromatic ring unit having 0-4 (e.g., 1-4, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Ring L2 is or comprises an optionally substituted monocyclic non-aromatic ring unit having 0-4 (e.g., 1-4, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Ring L2 is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-5 (e.g., 1-4, 2-5, 2-4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Ring L2 has at least one nitrogen atom. In some embodiments, Ring L2 has at least two nitrogen atoms. In some embodiments, Ring L2 comprises an optionally substituted partially unsaturated monocyclic ring unit. In some embodiments, Ring L2 comprises a 3-10 (e.g., 5-10, 5-10, 5-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered partially unsaturated ring having 0-6 (e.g., 1-6, 1-3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Ring L2 comprises a 5-6 membered partially unsaturated ring having 1-3 (e.g., 1-2, 1, 2, 3, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Ring L2 is or comprises an optionally substituted bicyclic aromatic unit having 0-6 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Ring L2 is or comprises an optionally substituted 9-membered bicyclic aromatic unit having 0-6 heteroatoms.
[0196] In some embodiments, Ring L2 is optionally substituted wherein “*” indicates the atom bonded to R4*. In some embodiments, Ring L2 is optionally substituted wherein the carbon atom is bonded to R4*. In some embodiments, Ring L2 is wherein the carbon atom is bonded to R4*. In some embodiments, Ring L2 is optionally substituted wherein the carbon atom is bonded to R4*. In some embodiments, Ring L2 is wherein the carbon atom is bonded to R4*. Ring P
[0197] As described herein, Ring P is an optionally substituted 5-20 (e.g., 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20) membered, monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic ring having 0-5 (e.g., 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Ring P is monocyclic. In some embodiments, Ring P is bicyclic. In some embodiments, Ring P is polycyclic. In some embodiments, Ring P is saturated. In some embodiments, Ring P is partially unsaturated. In some embodiments, Ring P is aromatic. In some embodiments, it is 5-membered. In some embodiments, it is 6-membered. In some embodiments, it is 7-membered. In some embodiments, it is 8-membered. In some embodiments, it is 9-membered. In some embodiments, it is 10-membered. In some embodiments, it is 11-membered. In some embodiments, it is 12-membered. In some embodiments, it is 13-membered. In some embodiments, it is 14-membered. In some embodiments, it is 15-membered. In some embodiments, it is 16-membered. In some embodiments, it is 17-membered. In some embodiments, it is 18-membered. In some embodiments, it is 19-membered. In some embodiments, it is 20-membered. In some embodiments, a monocyclic ring unit in Ring P is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered aromatic ring having 0-4 (e.g., 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, such an aromatic ring is 5-membered. In some embodiments, it is 6-membered. In some embodiments, it is substituted. In some embodiments, it is not substituted. In some embodiments, there is one heteroatom in such an aromatic ring; in some embodiments, there are two; in some embodiments, there are three; in some embodiments, there are four; in some embodiments, at least one heteroatom is nitrogen. In some embodiments, Ring P is an optionally substituted phenyl ring. In some embodiments, Ring P is an optionally substituted pyrrole ring. In some embodiments, Ring P is an optionally substituted indole ring.
[0198] In some embodiments, each monocyclic ring unit in Ring P is independently an optionally substituted, 3-10, 3-8, 3-7, 3-6, 4-10, 5-10, 5-9, 5-8, 5-7, 5-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 membered, saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic ring having 0-4 (e.g., 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, each monocyclic ring unit is independently 3-7 membered. In some embodiments, a monocyclic ring unit is 3-membered. In some embodiments, a monocyclic ring unit is 4-membered. In some embodiments, a monocyclic ring unit is 5-membered. In some embodiments, a monocyclic ring unit is 6-membered. In some embodiments, a monocyclic ring unit is 7-membered. In some embodiments, a monocyclic ring unit is 8-membered. In some embodiments, a monocyclic ring unit is 9-membered. In some embodiments, a monocyclic ring unit is 10-membered. In some embodiments, as described herein, each heteroatom is independently selected nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, a monocyclic ring unit is saturated. In some embodiments, a monocyclic ring unit is partially unsaturated. In some embodiments, a monocyclic ring unit is aromatic. In some embodiments, a monocyclic ring unit is heteroaromatic. In some embodiments, there is one ring atom of a monocyclic ring unit that is a heteroatom. In some embodiments, there are two or more ring atoms of a monocyclic ring unit each of which is independently a heteroatom. In some embodiments, there are three or more ring atoms of a monocyclic ring unit each of which is independently a heteroatom. In some embodiments, there are four or more ring atoms of a monocyclic ring unit each of which is independently a heteroatom. Lb
[0199] In some embodiments, Rb is -Cy1-as described herein. In some embodiments, Lb is an optionally substituted 5-20 (e.g., 5-15, 5-12, 6-12, 5-10, 8-12, 8-10, 8-20, 5-8, 5-6, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, etc. ) membered, monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic aromatic ring having 0-10 (e.g., 0-9, 1-9, 0-5, 2-4, 0-3, 1-5, 1-3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Lb is an optionally substituted monocyclic aromatic ring. In some embodiments, Lb is a bivalent optionally substituted 5-10 (e.g., 5-8, 5-7, 5-6, 6-8, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered, monocyclic aromatic ring having 0-6 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Lb is a bivalent optionally substituted 5 membered, monocyclic aromatic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Lb is a bivalent optionally substituted 6 membered, monocyclic aromatic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Lb is an optionally substituted 9-12 membered, bicyclic aromatic ring. In some embodiments, Lb is an optionally substituted bicyclic aromatic ring having 0-6 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Lb is an optionally substituted 9-12 membered, bicyclic aromatic ring having 0-6 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Lb is an optionally substituted 7-12 membered, bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-6 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Lb is an optionally substituted 9-12 membered, bicyclic aromatic ring having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Lb is an optionally substituted 10-20 (e.g., 10-15, 11-16, 12-14, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, etc. ) membered, polycyclic aromatic ring having 0-10 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Lb is an optionally substituted 10-20 membered, polycyclic aromatic ring having 1-6 heteroatoms.
[0200] In some embodiments, Lb is a bivalent optionally substituted 5-15 membered aryl ring. In some embodiments, Lb is a bivalent optionally substituted 5-10 membered aryl ring. In some embodiments, Lb is a bivalent optionally substituted 5-8 membered, monocyclic aryl ring. In some embodiments, Lb is a bivalent optionally substituted 5-6 membered, monocyclic aryl ring. In some embodiments, Lb is optionally substituted phenyl. In some embdoiments, Lb is phenyl, optionally substituted with -OMe or halogen (e.g., -F, -Cl, -Br, or -I) . In some embodiments, Lb is phenyl. In some embodiments, Lb is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to LR. In some embodiments, Lb is phenyl. In some embodiments, Lb is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to LR. In some embodiments, Lb is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to LR. In some embodiments, Lb is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to LR.
[0201] In some embodiments, Lb a bivalent optionally substituted 5-or 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 (e.g., 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Lb is a bivalent optionally substituted 5-or 6-membered heteroaryl ring having at least 1 nitrogen heteroatom. In some embodiments, Lb is a bivalent optionally substituted pyridinyl. In some embodiments, Lb is a bivalent pyridinyl, optionally substituted with halogen (e.g., (-F, -Cl, -Br, or -I) or -OR○, wherein R○ is C1-6 aliphatic (e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, s-propyl, or isopropyl) . In some embodiments, Lb is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to LR. In some embodiments, Lb is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to LR. In some embodiments, Lb is a bivalent pyridinyl. In some embodiments, Lb is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to LR. In some embodiments, Lb is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to LR. In some embodiments, Lb is a bivalent optionally substituted 5-or 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 2 nitrogen heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Lb is a bivalent optionally substituted pyrimidinyl. In some embodiments, Lb is a bivalent pyrimidinyl. In some embodiments, Lb is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to LR. In some embodiments, Lb is a bivalent optionally substituted pyridazinyl. In some embodiments, Lb is a bivalent pyridazinyl. In some embodiments, Lb is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to LR. In some embodiments, Lb is a bivalent optionally substituted 5-or 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 1 nitrogen and 1 sulfur heteroatom. In some embodiments, Lb is a bivalent optionally substituted thiazolyl. In some embodiments, Lb is a bivalent thiazolyl. In some embodiments, Lb is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to LR. In some embodiments, Lb is a bivalent imidazolyl. In some embodiments, Lb is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to Rb. In some embodiments, Lb is a bivalent pyrazolyl. In some embodiments, Lb is independently a bivalent isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl. In some embodiments, Lb is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to Rb. In some embodiments, Lb is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to Rb. In some embodiments, Lb is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to Rb. In some embodiments, Lb is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to Rb. In some embodiments, Lb is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to Rb. In some embodiments, Lb is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to Rb. In some embodiments, Lb is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to Rb. In some embodiments, Lb is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to Rb. In some embodiments, Lb is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to Rb. In some embodiments, Lb is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to Rb. In some embodiments, Lb is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to Rb. In some embodiments, Lb is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to Rb. Lb1
[0202] In some embodiments, Lb1 is covalent bond. In some embodiments, Lb is L as described herein.
[0203] In some embodiments, Lb1 is -C (R’) 2-N (R’) -C (O) -, wherein each R’ is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Lb1 is -C (R’) 2-N (R’) -C (O) -C≡C-, wherein each R’ is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Lb is -C (R’) 2-N (R’) -C (O) -C (R’) 2-OS (O) 2-, wherein each R’ is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Lb is -C (R’) 2-N (R’) -C (O) -C (R’) 2-OS (O) 2-O-, wherein each R’ is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, -C (R’) 2-is bonded to LR1. In some embodiments, -Lb1-does not contain -C (R’) 2-N (R’) -C (O) -C (R’) 2-OS (O) 2-, wherein each R’ is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, -Lb1-does not contain -C (R’) 2-N (R’) -C (O) -C (R’) 2-OS (O) 2-O-, wherein each R’ is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, -Lb1-does not contain -C (R’) 2-N (R’) -C (O) -C (R’) 2-, wherein each R’ is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, -C (R’) 2-is bonded to R4.
[0204] In some embodiments, Lb1 is -Cy-as described here. In some embodiments, Lb1 is an optionally substituted 5-8 membered ring having 0-4 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Lb1 is optionally substituted phenyl. In some embodiments, Lb1 is optionally substituted 1, 4-phenyl. In some embdoiments, Lb1 is phenyl, optionally substituted with -OMe. In some embdoiments, Lb1 is phenyl, optionally substituted with halogen (e.g., -F, -Cl, -Br, or -I) . In some embodiments, Lb1 is phenyl. In some embodiments, Lb1 is 1, 4-phenyl. In some embodiments, Lb1 is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to LR1. In some embodiments, Lb1 is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to LR1. In some embodiments, Lb1 is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to LR1. In some embodiments, Rb is -H, and Lb1 is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to LR1. In some embodiments, Lb1 is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to LR1.
[0205] In some embodiments, Lb1 a bivalent optionally substituted 5-or 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 (e.g., 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Lb1 is a bivalent optionally substituted 5-or 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 1 nitrogen heteroatom. In some embodiments, Lb1 is a bivalent optionally substituted pyridinyl. In some embodiments, Lb1 is a bivalent pyridinyl, optionally substituted with halogen (e.g., (-F, -Cl, -Br, or -I) or -OR○, wherein R○ is C1-6 aliphatic (e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, s-propyl, or isopropyl) . In some embodiments, Lb1 is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to LR1. In some embodiments, Lb1 is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to LR1. In some embodiments, Lb1 is a bivalent pyridinyl. In some embodiments, Lb1 is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to LR1. In some embodiments, Lb1 is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to LR1. In some embodiments, Lb1 is a bivalent optionally substituted 5-or 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 2 nitrogen heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Lb1 is a bivalent optionally substituted pyrimidinyl. In some embodiments, Lb1 is a bivalent pyrimidinyl. In some embodiments, Lb1 is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to LR1. In some embodiments, Lb1 is a bivalent optionally substituted pyridazinyl. In some embodiments, Lb1 is a bivalent pyridazinyl. In some embodiments, Lb1 is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to LR1. In some embodiments, Lb1 is a bivalent optionally substituted 5-or 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 1 nitrogen and 1 sulfur heteroatom. In some embodiments, Lb1 is a bivalent optionally substituted thiazolyl. In some embodiments, Lb1 is a bivalent thiazolyl. In some embodiments, Lb1 is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to LR1.
[0206] In some embodiments, Lb1 is a bivalent optionally substituted 5-to 6-membered cycloalkyl ring. In some embodiments, Lb1 is a bivalent cyclohexanyl, optionally substituted with C1-6 aliphatic (e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, s-propyl, or isopropyl) or halogen (e.g., -F, -Cl, -Br, -I) . In some embodiments, Lb1 is
[0207] In some embodiments, Lb1 is optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 4-10, 5-10, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 (e.g., 1-4, 1-3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Lb1 is optionally substituted 3-7 membered heterocyclyl having 1 or 2 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Lb1 is optionally substituted 3-7 membered heterocyclyl having one heteroatom. In some embodiments, Lb1 is optionally substituted morpholinyl. In some embodiments, Lb1 is optionally substituted 4-morpholinyl. Lb2
[0208] In some embodiments, Lb2 is L as described herein. In some embodiments, Lb2 is or comprises -Cy-as described herein. In some embodiments, Lb2 is -Cy-as described herein. In some embodiments, Lb2 is or comprises -Cy-, wherein -Cy-is optionally substituted bivalent saturated or partially unsaturated 3-7 (e.g., 3-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, etc. ) membered ring having 0-2 (e.g., 1-2, 0, 1, 2, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Lb2 is or comprises -Cy-, wherein -Cy-is optionally substituted bivalent saturated 6-membered ring having 1-2 heteroatoms that are nitrogen. In some embodiments, -Cy-is an optionally substituted bicyclic ring, wherein at least one monocyclic ring is an optionally substituted phenyl ring. In some embodiments, -Cy-is an optionally substituted bicyclic ring, wherein at least one monocyclic ring is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-3 (e.g., 1-2, 1, 2, 3, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, -Cy-is an optionally substituted bicyclic ring, wherein each monocyclic ring is independently an optionally substituted phenyl or 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-3 (e.g., 1-2, 1, 2, 3, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, -Cy-is an optionally substituted bicyclic ring, wherein one monocyclic ring is an optionally substituted phenyl or 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-3 (e.g., 1-2, 1, 2, 3, etc. ) heteroatoms, and the other monocyclic ring is an optionally substituted non-aromatic 3-10 (e.g., 3-9, 4-10, 5-10, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered ring having 1-4 (e.g., 1-2, 1-3, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, -Cy-is an optionally substituted bicyclic ring, wherein one monocyclic ring is an optionally substituted phenyl or 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-3 heteroatoms, and the other monocyclic ring is an optionally substituted non-aromatic 5-6 membered ring having 1-3 (e.g., 1-2, 1, 2, 3, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, -Cy-is an optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3-9, 5-10, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered bivalent cycloaliphatic ring. In some embodiments, -Cy-is an optionally substituted 6-membered cycloalkyl ring. In some embodiments, -Cy-is optionally substituted phenylene. In some embodiments, -Cy-is optionally substituted 1, 4-phenylene. In some embodiments, -Cy-is 1, 4-phenylene. In some embodiments, -Cy-is optionally substituted bivalent cyclohexyl. In some embodiments, -Cy-is optionally substituted 1, 4-cyclohexyl. In some embodiments, -Cy-is 1, 4-cyclohexyl. In some embodiments, -Cy-is an optionally substituted bivalent piperidyl ring. In some embodiments, -Cy-is a bivalent piperidyl ring. In some embodiments, a bivalent piperidyl ring is bivalent 1, 2-piperidyl. In some embodiments, a bivalent piperidyl ring is bonded to LR2 at 1’. In some embodiments, a bivalent piperidyl ring is bivalent 1, 4-piperidyl. In some embodiments, -Cy-is an optionally substituted bivalent piperazinyl ring. In some embodiments, -Cy-is a bivalent piperazinyl ring. In some embodiments, a bivalent piperidyl ring is bivalent 1, 2-piperazinyl. In some embodiments, a bivalent piperidyl ring is bivalent 1, 4-piperazinyl. In some embodiments, -Cy-is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered bivalent heteroaryl ring. In some embodiments, -Cy-is an optionally substituted 5-membered bivalent heteroaryl ring. In some embodiments, -Cy-is an optionally substituted 6-membered bivalent heteroaryl ring having 1 or 3 nitrogen atoms. In some embodiments, -Cy-is an optionally substituted 6-membered bivalent heteroaryl ring having a nitrogen atom. In some embodiments, -Cy-is an optionally substituted bivalent pyridinyl ring. In some embodiments, -Cy-is a bivalent pyridinyl, optionally substituted with halogen (e.g., (-F, -Cl, -Br, or -I) or -OR○, wherein R○ is C1-6 aliphatic (e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, s-propyl, or isopropyl) . In some embodiments, -Cy-is a bivalent pyridinyl ring. In some embodiments, a bivalent pyridinyl ring is a 2, 5-bivalent pyridinyl ring. In some embodiments, a bivalent pyridinyl ring is bonded to LR2 at 2’. In some embodiments, a bivalent pyridinyl ring is bonded to LR2 at 5’. In some embodiments, a bivalent pyridinyl ring is a 3, 5-bivalent pyridinyl ring. In some embodiments, a bivalent pyridinyl ring is bonded to LR2 at 3’. In some embodiments, a bivalent pyridinyl ring is bonded to LR2 at 5’. In some embodiments, Lb2 is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to LR2.
[0209] In some embodiments, Lb2 is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to LR2. In some embodiments, Lb2 is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to LR2. In some embodiments, Lb1 is a bivalent pyridinyl. In some embodiments, Lb1 is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to LR2. In some embodiments, Lb2 is a bivalent optionally substituted pyrimidinyl. In some embodiments, Lb2 is a bivalent pyrimidinyl. In some embodiments, Lb2 is wherein “*” represents the point of attachment to LR2. In some embodiments, Lb2 is a bivalent optionally substituted pyrazolyl. In some embodiments, Lb2 is a bivalent pyrazolyl. In some embodiments, Lb2 is wherein carbon atom is boned to Lb2. Rb1
[0210] In some embodiments, Rb1 is R” as described herein. In some embodiments, Rb1 is R’ as described herein. In some embodiments, Rb1 is R as described herein. In some embodiments, Rb1 is C1-4 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rb1 is C1-3 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rb1 is C1-4 heteroaliphatic having 1-3 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb1 is C1-3 haloalkyl. In some embodiments, Rb1 is –CF3. In some embodiments, Rb1 is not hydrogen. In some embodiments, Rb1 is hydrogen.
[0211] In some embodiments, Rb1 is -CN. In some embodiments, Rb1 is halogen (e.g., -F, -Cl, -Br, or -I) . In some embodiments, Rb1 is F. In some embodiments, Rb1 is -OR, wherein R is as described herein. In some embodiments, Rb1 is -OH. In some embodiments, Rb1 is -OCH3. In some embodiments, Rb1 is -OCH (CH2CH3) 2. In some embodiments, Rb1 is -OCH2CH2CH2CH3. In some embodiments, Rb1 is -OCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3. In some embodiments, Rb1 is -CF3. In some embodiments, Rb1 is -N (R’) 2. In some embodiments, Rb1 is -N (CH2CH3) 2. In some embodiments, Rb1 is an optionally substituted sulfone. In some embodiments, Rb1 is a sulfone. In some embodiments, Rb1 is -S (O2) -C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rb1 is -S (O) 2-C1-4 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rb1 is -S (O2) CH3. Rb2
[0212] In some embodiments, Rb2 is R” as described herein. In some embodiments, Rb2 is -L-R’ as described herein. In some embodiments, Rb2 is -L-OR’ as described herein. In some embodiments, Rb2 is R’ as described herein. In some embodiments, Rb2 is R as described herein. In some embodiments, Rb2 is an optionally substituted 5-20 (e.g., 5-15, 5-10, 8-12, 8-10, 8-20, 5-8, 5-6, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, etc. ) membered, monocyclic, bicyclic, polycyclic aromatic ring having 0-10 (e.g., 0-9, 1-9, 0-5, 2-4, 0-3, 1-5, 1-3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb2 is an optionally substituted 5-14 (e.g., 5-12, 6-14, 5-10, 5-8, 5-7, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, etc. ) membered, aromatic ring having 0-7 (e.g., 0-5, 2-4, 0-3, 1-6, 1-3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb2 is or comprise an optionally substituted, 5-10 (e.g., 5-8, 6-7, 5-6, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered, aromatic ring having 0-5 (0-3, 1-5, 1-2, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb2 is an optionally substituted, 5-10 (e.g., 5-8, 6-7, 5-6, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered, aromatic ring having 0-5 (0-3, 1-5, 1-2, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb2 is an optionally substituted aromatic monocyclic. In some embodiments, Rb2 is or comprise an optionally substituted, 5-8 membered, monocyclic aromatic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Lb2 is an optionally substituted 5-8 membered, aromatic monocyclic ring unit having 0-4 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb2 is or comprise an optionally substituted, 5-6 membered, monocyclic aromatic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb2 is an optionally substituted, 5-6 membered, monocyclic aromatic ring having 1-4 heteroatoms, and comprising at least one nitrogen atom. In some embodiments, Rb2 is an optionally substituted 6 membered, monocyclic aromatic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms.
[0213] In some embodiments, Rb2 is an optionally substituted aromatic bicyclic. In some embodiments, Rb2 is or comprise an optionally substituted, 7-14 (e.g., 8-12, 8-10, 9-11, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, etc. ) membered, bicyclic aromatic ring having 0-7 (0-5, 1-5, 1-3, 0-2, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb2 is or comprise an optionally substituted, 8-12 (e.g., 8-10, 9-11, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, etc. ) membered, bicyclic aromatic ring having 0-6 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb2 is an optionally substituted, 8-12 membered, bicyclic aromatic ring having 0-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Rb2 is an optionally substituted aromatic polycyclic. In some embodiments, Rb2 is an optionally substituted 10-20 membered, polycyclic aromatic ring having 1-10 heteroatoms.
[0214] In some embodiments, Rb2 is optionally substituted C5-20 (e.g., 6-10, 6, 8, 9, 10, 14, etc. membered) aryl. In some embodiments, Rb2 is optionally substituted phenyl. In some embodiments, Rb2 is In some embodiments, Rb2 is In some embodiments, Rb2 is In some embodiments, Rb2 is In some embodiments, Rb2 is phenyl. In some embodiments, Rb2 is optionally substituted naphthyl. In some embodiments, Rb2 is naphthyl. In some embodiments, Rb2 is optionally substituted 5-20 (e.g., 5-14, 5-10, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 14, etc. ) membered heteroaryl having 1-10 (1-6, 1-5, 1-4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb2 is optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-5 (e.g., 1-4, 1-3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb2 is optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl having 1-4 (e.g., 1-3, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb2 is optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl having 1-4 (e.g., 1-3, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) nitrogen atoms. In some embodiments, Rb2 is optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl having 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms. In some embodiments, Rb2 is optionally substituted pyridyl.
[0215] In some embodiments, Rb2 is an optionally substituted 3-20 (e.g., 3-15, 3-12, 3-10, 4-16, 5-20, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, etc. ) membered, saturated or partially saturated, monocyclic, bicyclic, polycyclic ring having 0-10 (e.g., 0-9, 1-9, 0-5, 2-4, 0-3, 1-5, 1-3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb2 is an optionally substituted 3-20 membered, saturated or partially saturated ring having 1-10 heteroatoms, wherein one heteroatom is nitrogen atom and as the point of attachment to Lb. In some embodiments, Rb2 is an optionally substituted, saturated or partially saturated monocyclic. In some embodiments, Rb2 is or comprise an optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3-8, 5-8, 6-7, 3-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered, saturated or partially saturated monocyclic ring having 0-5 (0-3, 1-5, 1-2, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb2 is or comprise an optionally substituted, 5-8 membered, saturated or partially saturated monocyclic ring having 0-5 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb2 is or comprise an optionally substituted, 5-6 membered, saturated or partially saturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb2 is an optionally substituted, 5-6 membered, saturated or partially saturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb2 is an optionally substituted, 5-6 membered, saturated monocyclic ring having 1-4 heteroatoms, and comprising at least one nitrogen atom. In some embodiments, Rb2 is an optionally substituted 6 membered, saturated or partially saturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb2 is an optionally substituted 5 membered, saturated or partially saturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms.
[0216] In some embodiments, Rb2 is an optionally substituted C3-20 (e.g., C3-15, C3-10, C3-9, C3-8, C3-6, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, C11, C12, C13, C14, C15, C16, C17, C18, C19, C20, etc. ) cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, Rb2 is optionally substituted C3-10 cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, Rb2 is optionally substituted C3-10 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, Rb2 is optionally substituted cyclopropyl. In some embodiments, Rb2 is optionally substituted cyclobutyl. In some embodiments, Rb2 is optionally substituted cyclopentyl. In some embodiments, Rb2 is optionally substituted cyclohexyl.
[0217] In some embodiments, Rb2 is optionally substituted 3-20 (e.g., 3-15, 3-10, 4-20, 5-20, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, etc. ) membered heterocyclyl having 1-10 (e.g., 1-9, 1-8, 1-7, 1-6, 1-5, 1-4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb2 is optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 4-10, 5-10, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 (e.g., 1-4, 1-3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb2 is optionally substituted 3-7 membered heterocyclyl having 1 or 2 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb2 is optionally substituted 3-7 membered heterocyclyl having one heteroatom. In some embodiments, Rb2 is 3-7 membered ring having 0-3 heteroatoms, optionally substituted with C1-6 aliphatic (e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, s-propyl, or isopropyl) , halogen (e.g., -F, -Cl, -Br, or -I) , haloalkyl (e.g., –CF2H, –CF3, etc. ) , -OR○; wherein R○ is C1-6 aliphatic (e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, s-propyl, or isopropyl) .
[0218] In some embodiments, Rb2 is optionally substituted tetrahydro-2H-pyranyl. In some embodiments, Rb2 is In some embodiments, Rb2 is In some embodiments, Rb2 is In some embodiments, Rb2 is In some embodiments, Rb2 is 4-tetrahydro-2H-pyranyl. In some embodiments, Rb2 is optionally substituted 3, 6-dihydro-2H-pyranyl. In some embodiments, Rb2 is 3, 6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl. In some embodiments, Rb2 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Rb2 is In some embodiments, Rb2 is optionally substituted azetidinyl. In some embodiments, Rb2 is azetidinyl optionally substituted with C1-6 aliphatic (e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, s-propyl, or isopropyl) or halogen (e.g., -F, -Cl, -Br, or -I) . In some embodiments, Rb2 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Rb2 is In some embodiments, Rb2 is optionally substituted pyrrolidinyl. In some embodiments, Rb2 is pyrrolidinyl optionally substituted with C1-6 aliphatic (e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, s-propyl, or isopropyl) or halogen (e.g., -F, -Cl, -Br, or -I) . In some embodiments, Rb2 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Rb2 is In some embodiments, Rb2 is optionally substituted piperidinyl. In some embodiments, Rb2 is piperidinyl optionally substituted with C1-6 aliphatic (e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, s-propyl, or isopropyl) or halogen (e.g., -F, -Cl, -Br, or -I) . In some embodiments, Rb2 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Rb2 is In some embodiments, Rb2 is In some embodiments, Rb2 is In some embodiments, Rb2 is optionally substituted morpholinyl. In some embodiments, Rb2 is optionally substituted 4-morpholinyl. In some embodiments, Rb2 is In some embodiments, Rb2 is In some embodiments, Rb2 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Rb2 is In some embodiments, Rb2 is In some embodiments, Rb2 is morpholinyl. In some embodiments, Rb2 is optionally substituted silinane. In some embodiments, Rb2 is In some embodiments, Rb2 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Rb2 is In some embodiments, Rb2 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Rb2 is In some embodiments, Rb2 is an optionally substituted 7-10 membered heterocyclyl having two heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb2 is optionally substituted 2-oxa-5-azabicyclo [2.2.1] heptanyl. In some embodiments, Rb2 is In some embodiments, Rb2 is optionally substituted 3-oxa-8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octanyl. In some embodiments, Rb2 is
[0219] In some emodiments, Rb2 is an optionally substituted 7-to 12-membered heterospirocyclyl comprising 1-4 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. In some emodiments, Rb2 is an optionally substituted 7-membered heterospirocyclyl, and comprising at least 1 nitrogen heteroatom. In some emodiments, Rb2 is an optionally substituted In some emodiments, Rb2 is Rb
[0220] In some embodiments, Rb is -Cy2-as described herein. In some embodiments, Rb is an optionally substituted 5-20 (e.g., 5-15, 5-10, 8-12, 8-10, 8-20, 5-8, 5-6, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, etc. ) membered, monocyclic, bicyclic, polycyclic aromatic ring having 0-10 (e.g., 0-9, 1-9, 0-5, 2-4, 0-3, 1-5, 1-3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb is an optionally substituted 5-14 (e.g., 5-12, 6-14, 5-10, 5-8, 5-7, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, etc. ) membered, aromatic ring having 0-7 (e.g., 0-5, 2-4, 0-3, 1-6, 1-3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb is or comprise an optionally substituted, 5-10 (e.g., 5-8, 6-7, 5-6, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered, aromatic ring having 0-5 (0-3, 1-5, 1-2, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb is an optionally substituted, 5-10 (e.g., 5-8, 6-7, 5-6, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered, aromatic ring having 0-5 (0-3, 1-5, 1-2, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb is an optionally substituted aromatic monocyclic. In some embodiments, Rb is or comprise an optionally substituted, 5-8 membered, monocyclic aromatic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb is or comprise an optionally substituted, 5-6 membered, monocyclic aromatic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb is an optionally substituted, 5-6 membered, monocyclic aromatic ring having 1-4 heteroatoms, and comprising at least one nitrogen atom. In some embodiments, Rb is an optionally substituted 6 membered, monocyclic aromatic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms.
[0221] In some embodiments, Rb is an optionally substituted aromatic bicyclic. In some embodiments, Rb is or comprise an optionally substituted, 7-14 (e.g., 8-12, 8-10, 9-11, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, etc. ) membered, bicyclic aromatic ring having 0-7 (0-5, 1-5, 1-3, 0-2, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb is or comprise an optionally substituted, 8-12 (e.g., 8-10, 9-11, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, etc. ) membered, bicyclic aromatic ring having 0-6 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb is an optionally substituted, 8-12 membered, bicyclic aromatic ring having 0-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Rb is an optionally substituted aromatic polycyclic. In some embodiments, Rb is an optionally substituted 10-20 membered, polycyclic aromatic ring having 1-10 heteroatoms.
[0222] In some embodiments, Rb is optionally substituted C5-20 (e.g., 6-10, 6, 8, 9, 10, 14, etc. membered) aryl. In some embodiments, Rb is optionally substituted phenyl. In some embodiments, Rb is In some embodiments, Rb is In some embodiments, Rb is In some embodiments, Rb is In some embodiments, Rb is phenyl. In some embodiments, Rb is optionally substituted naphthyl. In some embodiments, Rb is naphthyl. In some embodiments, Rb is optionally substituted 5-20 (e.g., 5-14, 5-10, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 14, etc. ) membered heteroaryl having 1-10 (1-6, 1-5, 1-4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb is optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-5 (e.g., 1-4, 1-3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb is optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl having 1-4 (e.g., 1-3, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb is optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl having 1-4 (e.g., 1-3, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) nitrogen atoms. In some embodiments, Rb is optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl having 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms. In some embodiments, Rb is optionally substituted pyridyl.
[0223] In some embodiments, Rb is an optionally substituted 3-20 (e.g., 3-15, 3-12, 3-10, 4-16, 5-20, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, etc. ) membered, saturated or partially saturated, monocyclic, bicyclic, polycyclic ring having 0-10 (e.g., 0-9, 1-9, 0-5, 2-4, 0-3, 1-5, 1-3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb is an optionally substituted 3-20 membered, saturated or partially saturated ring having 1-10 heteroatoms, wherein one heteroatom is nitrogen atom and as the point of attachment to Lb.
[0224] In some embodiments, Rb is an optionally substituted 3-15 (e.g., 3-12, 3-8, 4-8, 5-7, 3-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered, saturated or partially saturated ring having 0-8 (0-3, 1-5, 1-2, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb is an optionally substituted, saturated or partially saturated monocyclic. In some embodiments, Rb is or comprise an optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3-8, 5-8, 6-7, 3-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered, saturated or partially saturated monocyclic ring having 0-5 (0-3, 1-5, 1-2, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb is or comprise an optionally substituted, 5-8 membered, saturated or partially saturated monocyclic ring having 0-5 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb is or comprise an optionally substituted, 5-6 membered, saturated or partially saturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb is an optionally substituted, 5-6 membered, saturated or partially saturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb is an optionally substituted, 5-6 membered, saturated monocyclic ring having 1-4 heteroatoms, and comprising at least one nitrogen atom. In some embodiments, Rb is an optionally substituted 6 membered, saturated or partially saturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb is an optionally substituted 5 membered, saturated or partially saturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms.
[0225] In some embodiments, Rb is an optionally substituted C3-20 (e.g., C3-15, C3-10, C3-9, C3-8, C3-6, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, C11, C12, C13, C14, C15, C16, C17, C18, C19, C20, etc. ) cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, Rb is optionally substituted C3-10 cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, Rb is optionally substituted C3-10 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, Rb is optionally substituted cyclopropyl. In some embodiments, Rb is optionally substituted cyclobutyl. In some embodiments, Rb is optionally substituted cyclopentyl. In some embodiments, Rb is optionally substituted cyclohexyl.
[0226] In some embodiments, Rb2 is 3-7 membered ring having 0-3 heteroatoms, optionally substituted with C1-6 aliphatic (e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, s-propyl, or isopropyl) , halogen (e.g., -F, -Cl, -Br, or -I) , haloalkyl (e.g., –CF2H, –CF3, etc. ) , -OR○; wherein R○ is C1-6 aliphatic (e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, s-propyl, or isopropyl) .
[0227] In some embodiments, Rb is optionally substituted 3-20 (e.g., 3-15, 3-10, 4-20, 5-20, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, etc. ) membered heterocyclyl having 1-10 (e.g., 1-9, 1-8, 1-7, 1-6, 1-5, 1-4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb is optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 4-10, 5-10, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 (e.g., 1-4, 1-3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb is optionally substituted 3-7 membered heterocyclyl having 1 or 2 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb is optionally substituted 3-7 membered heterocyclyl having one heteroatom. In some embodiments, Rb is optionally substituted tetrahydro-2H-pyranyl. In some embodiments, Rb is In some embodiments, Rb is In some embodiments, Rb is In some embodiments, Rb is In some embodiments, Rb is 4-tetrahydro-2H-pyranyl. In some embodiments, Rb is optionally substituted 3, 6-dihydro-2H-pyranyl. In some embodiments, Rb is 3, 6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl. In some embodiments, Rb is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Rb is In some embodiments, Rb is optionally substituted azetidinyl. In some embodiments, Rb is azetidinyl optionally substituted with C1-6 aliphatic (e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, s-propyl, or isopropyl) or halogen (e.g., -F, -Cl, -Br, or -I) . In some embodiments, Rb is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Rb is In some embodiments, Rb is optionally substituted pyrrolidinyl. In some embodiments, Rb is pyrrolidinyl optionally substituted with C1-6 aliphatic (e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, s-propyl, or isopropyl) or halogen (e.g., -F, -Cl, -Br, or -I) . In some embodiments, Rb is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Rb is In some embodiments, Rb is optionally substituted piperidinyl. In some embodiments, Rb is piperidinyl optionally substituted with C1-6 aliphatic (e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, s-propyl, or isopropyl) or halogen (e.g., -F, -Cl, -Br, or -I) . In some embodiments, Rb is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Rb is In some embodiments, Rb is In some embodiments, Rb is In some embodiments, Rb is optionally substituted morpholinyl. In some embodiments, Rb is optionally substituted 4-morpholinyl. In some embodiments, Rb is In some embodiments, Rb is In some embodiments, Rb is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Rb is In some embodiments, Rb is In some embodiments, Rb is morpholinyl. In some embodiments, Rb is optionally substituted silinane. In some embodiments, Rb is In some embodiments, Rb is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Rb is In some embodiments, Rb is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Rb is In some embodiments, Rb is an optionally substituted 7-10 membered heterocyclyl having two heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rb is optionally substituted 2-oxa-5-azabicyclo [2.2.1] heptanyl. In some embodiments, Rb is In some embodiments, Rb is optionally substituted 3-oxa-8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octanyl. In some embodiments, Rb is
[0228] In some emodiments, Rb is an optionally substituted 7-to 12-membered heterospirocyclyl comprising 1-4 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. In some emodiments, Rb is an optionally substituted 7-membered heterospirocyclyl, and comprising at least 1 nitrogen heteroatom. In some emodiments, Rb is an optionally substituted In some emodiments, Rb is Rb1-Lb1-
[0229] In some embodiments, Rb1-Lb1-is In some embodiments, Rb1-Lb1-is In some embodiments, Rb1-Lb1-is In some embodiments, Rb1-Lb1-is In some embodiments, Rb1-Lb1-is In some embodiments, Rb1-Lb1-is In some embodiments, Rb1-Lb1-is In some embodiments, Rb1-Lb1-is In some embodiments, Rb1-Lb1-is In some embodiments, Rb1-Lb1-is In some embodiments, Rb1-Lb1-is In some embodiments, Rb1-Lb1-is optionally substituted tetrahydro-2H-pyranyl. In some embodiments, Rb1-Lb1-is optionally substituted azetidinyl. In some embodiments, Rb1-Lb1-is q
[0230] In some embodiments, q is 0. In some embodiments, q is 1. In some embodiments, q is 2. In some embodiments, q is 3. In some embodiments, q is 4. In some embodiments, q is 5. In some embodiments, q is 6. In some embodiments, q is 7. In some embodiments, q is 8. In some embodiments, q is 9. In some embodiments, q is 10. t
[0231] In some embodiments, t is 0. In some embodiments, t is 1. In some embodiments, t is 2. In some embodiments, t is 3. In some embodiments, t is 4. In some embodiments, t is 5. In some embodiments, t is 6. In some embodiments, t is 7. In some embodiments, t is 8. In some embodiments, t is 9. x
[0232] In some embodiments, x is 0. In some embodiments, x is 1. In some embodiments, x is 2. In some embodiments, x is 3. In some embodiments, x is 4. r
[0233] In some embodiments, r is 0. In some embodiments, r is 1. In some embodiments, r is 2. In some embodiments, r is 3. In some embodiments, r is 4. y
[0234] In some embodiments, y is 0. In some embodiments, y is 1. In some embodiments, y is 2. In some embodiments, y is 3. In some embodiments, y is 4. L
[0235] In some embodiments, L is a covalent bond. In some embodiments, L is an optionally substituted bivalent C1-10 (e.g., C1-9, C1-8, C1-6, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, etc. ) aliphatic wherein one or more methylene unit is optionally and independently replaced with -C (R’) 2-, -Cy-, -O-, -S-, -N (R’) -, -C (O) -, -C (S) -, -C (NR’) -, -C (O) N (R’) -, -C (S) N (R’) -, -C (NR’) N (R’) -, -N (R’) C (O) N (R’) -, -N (R’) C (O) O-, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, -S (O) 2N (R’) -, -C (O) S-, or -C (O) O-, and each R’ is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, L is an optionally substituted bivalent C1-10 (e.g., C1-9, C1-8, C1-6, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, etc. ) heteroaliphatic having 1-6 (e.g., 1-5, 1-4, 1-3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc. ) heteroatoms wherein one or more methylene unit is optionally and independently replaced with -C (R’) 2-, -Cy-, -O-, -S-, -N (R’) -, -C (O) -, -C (S) -, -C (NR’) -, -C (O) N (R’) -, -C (S) N (R’) -, -C (NR’) N (R’) -, -N (R’) C (O) N (R’) -, -N (R’) C (O) O-, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, -S (O) 2N (R’) -, -C (O) S-, or -C (O) O-, and each R’ is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, L is optionally substituted bivalent C1-10 (e.g., C1-9, C1-8, C1-6, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, etc. ) aliphatic. In some embodiments, L is optionally substituted bivalent linear C1-10 (e.g., C1-9, C1-8, C1-6, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, etc. ) aliphatic. In some embodiments, L is optionally substituted bivalent branched C1-10 (e.g., C1-9, C1-8, C1-6, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, etc. ) aliphatic. In some embodiments, one or more methylene units are independently as described herein. In some embodiments, L is or comprises -C (R’) 2-wherein each R’ is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, L is or comprises optionally substituted -CH2-. In some embodiments, L is or comprises -Cy-as described herein. For example, in some embodiments, L is optionally substituted 3-10 membered cycloalkylene. In some embodiments, L is or comprises -O-. In some embodiments, L is or comprises -S-. In some embodiments, L is or comprises -N (R’) -wherein R’ is as described herein. In some embodiments, L is or comprises -N (R’) -wherein R’ is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, L is or comprises -NH-. In some embodiments, L is or comprises -C (O) -. In some embodiments, L is or comprises -Cy-C (O) O-. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-C (O) O-, wherein -Cy-is optionally substituted 3-10 membered cycloalkylene. In some embodiments, L is or comprises -C (S) -. In some embodiments, L is or comprises -C (NR’) -wherein R’ is as described herein. In some embodiments, L is or comprise -C (NH) -. In some embodiments, L is or comprises -C (O) N (R’) -wherein R’ is as described herein. In some embodiments, L is or comprises -Cy-C (O) N (R’) -wherein each of -Cy-and R’ is independently as described herein (for example, in some embodiments, R’ is -H; in some embodiments, R’ is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic) . In some embodiments, L is or comprises -C (O) NH-. In some embodiments, L is or comprises -C (S) N (R’) wherein R’is as described herein -. In some embodiments, L is or comprises -C (S) NH-. In some embodiments, L is or comprises -C (NR’) N (R’) -wherein each R’ is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, L is or comprises -C (NH) NH-. In some embodiments, L is or comprises -N (R’) C (O) N (R’) -wherein each R’ is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, L is or comprises -NHC (O) NH-. In some embodiments, L is or comprises -N (R’) C (O) O-wherein R’ is as described herein. In some embodiments, L is or comprises -NHC (O) O-. In some embodiments, L is or comprises -S (O) -. In some embodiments, L is or comprises -S (O) 2-. In some embodiments, L is or comprises -S (O) 2N (R’) -wherein R’ is as described herein. In some embodiments, L is or comprises -S (O) 2NH-. In some embodiments, L is or comprises -C (O) S-. In some embodiments, L is or comprises -C (O) O-.
[0236] In some embodiments, L is -L” -Lx-Ly-Lz-, wherein L” is a covalent bond or an optionally substituted bivalent C1-7 aliphatic or heteroaliphatic having 1-6 heteroatoms, wherein one or more methylene unit is optionally and independently replaced with -C (R’) 2-, -Cy-, -O-, -S-, -N (R’) -, -C (O) -, -C (S) -, -C (NR’) -, -C (O) N (R’) -, -C (S) N (R’) -, -C (NR’) N (R’) -, -N (R’) C (O) N (R’) -, -N (R’) C (O) O-, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, -S (O) 2N (R’) -, -C (O) S-, or -C (O) O-; and each of Lx, Ly and Lz is independently a covalent bond or optionally substituted methylene which is optionally replaced with -C (R’) 2-, -Cy-, -O-, -S-, -N (R’) -, -C (O) -, -C (S) -, -C (NR’) -, -C (O) N (R’) -, -C (S) N (R’) -, -C (NR’) N (R’) -, -N (R’) C (O) N (R’) -, -N (R’) C (O) O-, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, -S (O) 2N (R’) -, -C (O) S-, or -C (O) O-. In some embodiments, Lx is a covalent bond, -N (R’) , or -O-. In some embodiments, Ly is a covalent bond, -C (O) -, -C (S) -, -C (NR’) -, -C (O) N (R’) -, -C (S) N (R’) -, or -C (NR’) (NR’) -. In some embodiments, Lz is a covalent bond, -N (R’) -, -N (R’) O-or -O-. In some embodiments, Lx is a covalent bond. In some embodiments, Lx is -N (R’) -wherein R’ is as described herein. In some embodiments, Lx is -O-. In some embodiments, Ly is a covalent bond. In some embodiments, Ly is -C (O) -. In some embodiments, Ly is -C (S) -. In some embodiments, Ly is -C (NR’) -wherein R’ is as described herein. In some embodiments, Ly is -C (O) N (R’) -wherein R’ is as described herein. In some embodiments, Ly is -C (S) N (R’) -wherein R’ is as described herein. In some embodiments, Ly is -C (NR’) (NR’) -wherein each R’is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Lz is a covalent bond. In some embodiments, Lz is -N (R’) -wherein R’ is as described herein. In some embodiments, Lz is -N (R’) O-wherein R’ is as described herein. In some embodiments, Lz is -O-. Cy
[0237] As described herein, -Cy-is optionally substituted (in addition to the two group it is bonded to) . In some embodiments, -Cy-is substituted. In some embodiments, -Cy-is unsubstituted.
[0238] In some embodiments, -Cy-is an optionally substituted ring as described herein. In some embodiments, -Cy-is 3-20, 3-15, 3-10, 3-8, 3-6, 5-6, or 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20, etc. membered. In some embodiments, -Cy-is 3-membered. In some embodiments, -Cy-is 4-membered. In some embodiments, -Cy-is 5-membered. In some embodiments, -Cy-is 6-membered. In some embodiments, -Cy-is 7-membered. In some embodiments, -Cy-is 8-membered. In some embodiments, -Cy-is 9-membered. In some embodiments, -Cy-is 10-membered. In some embodiments, -Cy-is 11-membered. In some embodiments, -Cy-is 12-membered. In some embodiments, -Cy-is saturated. In some embodiments, -Cy-is partially unsaturated. In some embodiments, -Cy-is aromatic. In some embodiments, -Cy-is monocyclic. In some embodiments, it is bicyclic. In some embodiments, it is polycyclic. In some embodiments, each monocyclic unit is independently a 3-15 (e.g., 3-15, 3-10, 3-8, 3-6, 5-6, or 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15, etc. ) membered ring which is independently saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic and has 0-4 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, each monocyclic unit is independently a 3-10 (e.g., 3-10, 3-8, 3-6, 5-6, or 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, etc. ) membered ring which is independently saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic and has 0-4 (e.g., 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, each monocyclic ring unit is independently 3-7 membered. In some embodiments, each monocyclic ring unit is independently 3-6 membered. In some embodiments, each monocyclic ring unit is independently 5-7 membered. In some embodiments, each monocyclic unit is independently saturated or partially unsaturated. In some embodiments, at least one monocyclic unit is saturated. In some embodiments, at least one monocyclic unit is partially unsaturated. In some embodiments, at least one monocyclic unit is aromatic. In some embodiments, -Cy-has 1-10 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and silicon. In some embodiments, -Cy-has 1-5 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and silicon. In some embodiments, there are no additional heteroatoms. In some embodiments, there is one additional heteroatom. In some embodiments, there are 2 additional heteroatoms. In some embodiments, there are 3 additional heteroatoms. In some embodiments, there are 4 additional heteroatoms. In some embodiments, there are 5 additional heteroatoms. In some embodiments, there are 6 or more additional heteroatoms. In some embodiments, an additional heteroatom is nitrogen. In some embodiments, an additional heteroatom is oxygen. In some embodiments, an additional heteroatom is sulfur.
[0239] In some embodiments, -Cy-is an optionally substituted 5-10 membered aromatic ring having 0-5 heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, -Cy-is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered aromatic ring having 0-5 heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, -Cy-is an optionally substituted phenyl ring. In some embodiments, -Cy-is a phenyl ring. In some embodiments, -Cy-is an optionally substituted 10-membered bicyclic aryl ring. In some embodiments, -Cy-is an optionally substituted 5-9 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, -Cy-is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, -Cy-is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, -Cy-is an optionally substituted 9-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, a heteroatom is nitrogen.
[0240] In some embodiments, -Cy-is an optionally substituted bicyclic ring, wherein at least one monocyclic ring is an optionally substituted phenyl ring. In some embodiments, -Cy-is an optionally substituted bicyclic ring, wherein at least one monocyclic ring is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-3 (e.g., 1-2, 1, 2, 3, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, -Cy-is an optionally substituted bicyclic ring, wherein each monocyclic ring is independently an optionally substituted phenyl or 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-3 (e.g., 1-2, 1, 2, 3, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, -Cy-is an optionally substituted bicyclic ring, wherein one monocyclic ring is an optionally substituted phenyl or 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-3 (e.g., 1-2, 1, 2, 3, etc. ) heteroatoms, and the other monocyclic ring is an optionally substituted non-aromatic 3-10 (e.g., 3-9, 4-10, 5-10, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered ring having 1-4 (e.g., 1-2, 1-3, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, -Cy-is an optionally substituted bicyclic ring, wherein one monocyclic ring is an optionally substituted phenyl or 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-3 heteroatoms, and the other monocyclic ring is an optionally substituted non-aromatic 5-6 membered ring having 1-3 (e.g., 1-2, 1, 2, 3, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, -Cy-is an optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3-9, 5-10, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered bivalent cycloaliphatic ring. In some embodiments, -Cy-is an optionally substituted 6-membered cycloalkyl ring. In some embodiments, -Cy-is optionally substituted phenylene. In some embodiments, -Cy-is optionally substituted 1, 4-phenylene. In some embodiments, -Cy-is 1, 4-phenylene. In some embodiments, -Cy-is optionally substituted bivalent cyclohexyl. In some embodiments, -Cy-is optionally substituted 1, 4-cyclohexyl. In some embodiments, -Cy-is 1, 4-cyclohexyl. In some embodiments, -Cy-is an optionally substituted bivalent piperidyl ring. In some embodiments, -Cy-is a bivalent piperidyl ring. In some embodiments, a bivalent piperidyl ring is bivalent 1, 2-piperidyl. In some embodiments, a bivalent piperidyl ring is bivalent 1, 4-piperidyl. In some embodiments, -Cy-is an optionally substituted bivalent piperazinyl ring. In some embodiments, -Cy-is a bivalent piperazinyl ring. In some embodiments, a bivalent piperidyl ring is bivalent 1, 2-piperazinyl. In some embodiments, a bivalent piperidyl ring is bivalent 1, 4-piperazinyl. In some embodiments, -Cy-is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered bivalent heteroaryl ring. In some embodiments, -Cy-is an optionally substituted 5-membered bivalent heteroaryl ring. In some embodiments, -Cy-is an optionally substituted 6-membered bivalent heteroaryl ring having 1 or 3 nitrogen atoms. In some embodiments, -Cy-is an optionally substituted 6-membered bivalent heteroaryl ring having a nitrogen atom. In some embodiments, -Cy-is an optionally substituted bivalent pyridinyl ring. In some embodiments, -Cy-is a bivalent pyridinyl ring. In some embodiments, a bivalent pyridinyl ring is a 2, 5-bivalent pyridinyl ring. In some embodiments, a bivalent pyridinyl ring is a 3, 5-bivalent pyridinyl ring. In some embodiments, -Cy-is a bivalent pyrimidinyl ring. In some embodiments, a bivalent pyrimidinyl ring is a 2, 5-bivalent pyrimidinyl ring. In some embodiments, -Cy-is a bivalent thiazolyl ring. In some embodiments, a bivalent thiazolyl ring is a 2, 5-bivalent thiazolyl ring. R”
[0241] In some embodiments, R” is -H.
[0242] In some embodiments, R” is halogen. In some embodiments, R” is -F. In some embodiments, R” is -Cl. In some embodiments, R” is -Br. In some embodiments, R” is -I.
[0243] In some embodiments, R” is -L-R’ wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, R” is R’ as described herein. In some embodiments, R” is -L-R wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, R” is R as described herein.
[0244] In some embodiments, R” is -L-OR’. In some embodiments, R” is -L-SR’. In some embodiments, R” is -L-C (O) OR’. In some embodiments, R” is -L-C (O) SR’. In some embodiments, R” is -L-C (O) N (R’) 2. In some embodiments, R” is -L-OC (O) N (R’) 2. In some embodiments, R” is -L-C (O) R’. In some embodiments, R” is -L-N (R’) 2. In some embodiments, R” is -CN. In some embodiments, R” is -OC (R’) 2COOH. In some embodiments, R” is -SC (R’) 2COOH. In some embodiments, R” is -N (R’) C (R’) 2COOH. In some embodiments, R” is optionally substituted alkylsulfonyl. In some embodiments, R” is arylsulfonyl. In some embodiments, R” is carboxylate. In some embodiments, R” is ester. In some embodiments, R” is ether. In some embodiments, R” is amide. In some embodiments, R” is carbohydrate. In some embodiments, R” is amino acid. In some embodiments, R” is acyl. In some embodiments, R” is alkyloxy-substituted acyl. In some embodiments, R” is alditol. In some embodiments, R” is sulfate. In some embodiments, R” is sulfonamide. In some embodiments, R” is sulfoxide. In some embodiments, R” is sulfonate. In some embodiments, R” is sulfone. In some embodiments, R” is thioalkyl. In some embodiments, R” is thioester. In some embodiments, R” is thioether. In some embodiments, R” is or comprise a peptide moiety. In some embodiments, R” is or comprises a carbohydrate moiety. R’
[0245] In some embodiments, R’ is R as described herein. In some embodiments, R’ is -H. In some embodiments, R’ is -OR wherein R is as described herein. In some embodiments, R’ is -C (O) R wherein R is as described herein. In some embodiments, R’ is -C (O) R wherein R is as described herein. In some embodiments, R’ is -C (O) OR wherein R is as described herein. In some embodiments, R’ is -C (O) N (R) 2, wherein each R is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, R’ is -S (O) R wherein R is as described herein. In some embodiments, R’ is -S (O) 2R wherein R is as described herein. n some embodiments, R’ is –S (O) 2CH3. In some embodiments, R’ is –C (O) CH3. In some embodiments, R’ is –C (O) R wherein R is optionally substituted C6-14 aryl. In some embodiments, R’ is –C (O) R wherein R is optionally substituted phenyl. In some embodiments, R’ is –C (O) R wherein R is 3-iodophenyl. In some embodiments, R’ is –C (O) OR wherein R is as described herein. In some embodiments, R’ is -C (O) OH. In some embodiments, R’ is optionally substituted C1-10 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R’ is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R’ is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, R’ is methyl. R
[0246] Various embodiments for R are extensively described herein, including in various sections for other variables that can be R (e.g., Rs, R1, R2, R’, etc. ) .
[0247] In some embodiments, R is -H. In some embodiments, R is not-H.
[0248] In some embodiments, each R is independently hydrogen, or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-20 (e.g., C1-15, C1-10, C1-9, C1-8, C1-6, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, C11, C12, C13, C14, C15, C16, C17, C18, C19, C20, etc. ) aliphatic, C1-20 (e.g., C1-15, C1-10, C1-9, C1-8, C1-6, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, C11, C12, C13, C14, C15, C16, C17, C18, C19, C20, etc. ) heteroaliphatic having 1-10 (e.g., 1-9, 1-8, 1-7, 1-6, 1-5, 1-4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) heteroatoms, C3-20 (e.g., 3-15, 3-10, 4-20, 5-20, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, etc. membered) heterocyclyl having 1-10 (e.g., 1-9, 1-8, 1-7, 1-6, 1-5, 1-4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) heteroatoms, C5-20 (e.g., 5-15, 5-14, 5-10, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, etc. membered) aryl, and 5-20 (e.g., 5-15, 5-14, 5-10, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, etc. ) membered heteroaryl having 1-10 (e.g., 1-9, 1-8, 1-7, 1-6, 1-5, 1-4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) heteroatoms.
[0249] In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted C1-20 (e.g., C1-15, C1-10, C1-9, C1-8, C1-6, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, C11, C12, C13, C14, C15, C16, C17, C18, C19, C20, etc. ) aliphatic. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted C1-10 aliphatic. In some embodiments, an aliphatic group is an alkyl group. In some embodiments, R is C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted C1-4 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R is C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted methyl. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted ethyl. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted n-propyl. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted isopropyl. In some embodiments, R is n-butyl. In some embodiments, R is t-butyl. In some embodiments, R is pentyl. In some embodiments, R is hexyl.
[0250] In some embodiments, an aliphatic group is or comprises a cycloaliphatic ring. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted C3-15 (e.g., C3-15, C3-12, C3-10, C4-10, C3-9, C3-7, or 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15 etc. ) cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted C3-10 cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, an aliphatic group is a cycloalkyl group. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted 3-6 membered cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, a cycloaliphatic group is monocyclic. In some embodiments, it is bicyclic. In some embodiments, it is polycyclic. In some embodiments, each monocyclic unit is independently a 3-10 (e.g., C4-10, C3-9, C3-7, or 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, etc. ) membered cycloaliphatic ring. In some embodiments, a cycloaliphatic group is saturated. In some embodiments, it is partially unsaturated. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted cyclopropyl. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted cyclobutyl. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted cyclopentyl. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted cyclohexyl. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted cycloheptyl.
[0251] In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted C1-20 (e.g., C1-15, C1-10, C1-9, C1-8, C1-6, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, C11, C12, C13, C14, C15, C16, C17, C18, C19, C20, etc. ) heteroaliphatic having 1-10 (e.g., 1-5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted C1-15 (e.g., C1-15, C1-12, C1-10, etc. ) heteroaliphatic having 1-5 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5) heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and silicon. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted C1-15 (e.g., C1-15, C1-12, C1-10, etc. ) heteroaliphatic having 1-5 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R is C1-10 heteroaliphatic having 1-5 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R is C1-10 heteroaliphatic having 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R is C1-10 heteroaliphatic having one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-3 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-2 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, a heteroatom is nitrogen. In some embodiments, a heteroatom is oxygen. In some embodiments, a heteroatom is sulfur.
[0252] In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted C6-20 (e.g., C6-14, C6-10, C6, C10, C14, etc. ) aryl. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted C6-14 (e.g., C6-14, C6-10, C6-9, etc. ) aryl. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted C6-10 aryl. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted 6-, 10-, or 14-membered hydrocarbon aryl. In some embodiments, an aryl ring is monocyclic. In some embodiments, an aryl ring is bicyclic. In some embodiments, an aryl ring is polycyclic. In some embodiments, each monocyclic unit is independently a 6-membered aromatic ring. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted phenyl. In some embodiments, R is phenyl. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted 10-membered aryl. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted naphthyl. In some embodiments, R is naphthyl.
[0253] In some embodiments, R is 5-20 (e.g., 5-14, 5-10, 5-9, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, etc. ) membered heteroaryl having 1-10 (e.g., 1-9, 1-8, 1-6, 1-5, 1-4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted 5-14 (e.g., 5-10, 5-9, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, etc. ) membered heteroaryl having 1-5 (e.g., 1-5, 1-4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and silicon. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted 5-14 (e.g., 5-10, 5-9, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, etc. ) membered heteroaryl having 1-5 (e.g., 1-5, 1-4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R is 5-10 (e.g., 5-9, 5, 6, 9, 10 etc. ) membered heteroaryl having 1-4 (e.g., 1-3, 1-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, a heteroaryl ring is monocyclic. In some embodiments, a heteroaryl ring is bicyclic. In some embodiments, a heteroaryl ring is polycyclic. In some embodiments, each monocyclic unit is independently a 5-or 6-membered aromatic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms, e.g., independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein at least one monocyclic unit contains 1-4 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted 5-membered monocyclic heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted 9-membered bicyclic heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, a heteroaryl ring has one heteroatom. In some embodiments, a heteroaryl ring has two or more heteroatoms. In some embodiments, a heteroaryl ring has three or more heteroatoms. In some embodiments, a heteroaryl ring has four or more heteroatoms. In some embodiments, a heteroatom is nitrogen. In some embodiments, a heteroatom is oxygen. In some embodiments, a heteroatom is sulfur.
[0254] In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted 5-14 membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms-C1-15 aliphatic wherein the heteroaryl and aliphatic are independently as described herein. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted 5-14 membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms-C1-15 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms-C1-15 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms-C1-10 aliphatic. Various suitable heteroaryl and aliphatic groups are as described herein.
[0255] In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted 3-20 (e.g., 3-15, 3-10, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, etc. ) membered heterocyclyl having 1-10 (e.g., 1-6, 1-3, 1-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, R is 3-20 (e.g., 3-15, 3-10, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, etc. ) membered heterocyclyl having 1-10 (e.g., 1-5, 1-3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R is 3-20 (e.g., 3-20, 3-15, 3-10, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, etc. ) membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 (e.g., 1-4, 1-3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R is 3-10 (e.g., 3-9, 3-8, 3-7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 (e.g., 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, a heterocyclyl group is monocyclic. In some embodiments, it is bicyclic. In some embodiments, it is polycyclic. In some embodiments, each monocyclic unit is independently a 3-10 (e.g., C4-10, C3-9, C3-7, or 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, etc. ) membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-5 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, a heterocyclyl group is saturated. In some embodiments, it is partially unsaturated. In some embodiments, a heterocyclyl ring has one heteroatom. In some embodiments, a heterocyclyl ring has two or more heteroatoms. In some embodiments, a heterocyclyl ring has three or more heteroatoms. In some embodiments, a heterocyclyl ring has four or more heteroatoms. In some embodiments, a heteroatom is nitrogen. In some embodiments, a heteroatom is oxygen. In some embodiments, a heteroatom is sulfur. In some embodiments, each heteroatom is independently selected from oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and silicon. In some embodiments, each heteroatom is independently selected from oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur.
[0256] In some embodiments, R is an optionally substituted combination of two or more of C1-20 aliphatic, C1-20 heteroaliphatic having 1-10 heteroatoms, C6-20 aryl, 5-20 membered heteroaryl having 1-10 heteroatoms, 3-20 membered heterocyclyl having 1-10 heteroatoms. For example, in some embodiments, R is optionally substituted C6-20 aryl-C1-20 aliphatic, C6-20 aryl-C1-20 heteroaliphatic having 1-10 heteroatoms, C1-20 aliphatic-C6-20 aryl, C1-20 heteroaliphatic having 1-10 heteroatoms-C6-20 aryl, 5-20 membered heteroaryl having 1-10 heteroatoms-C1-20 heteroaliphatic having 1-10 heteroatoms, C1-20 aliphatic-5-20 membered heteroaryl having 1-10 heteroatoms, C1-20 heteroaliphatic having 1-10 heteroatoms-5-20 membered heteroaryl having 1-10 heteroatoms, etc. In some embodiments, there are 1-30 (e.g., 1-20, 2-10, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, etc. ) carbon atoms and 0-10 (e.g., 1-10, 1-9, 1-8, 1-7, 1-6, 1-5, 1-4, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) heteroatoms.
[0257] In some embodiments, two R groups are optionally and independently taken together to form a covalent bond. In some embodiments, two R groups attached to neighboring atoms are optionally and independently taken together to form a covalent bond. In some embodiments, two or more R groups are taken together with their intervening atom (s) to form an optionally substituted ring as described herein.
[0258] In some embodiments, two R groups are optionally and independently taken together with their intervening atom (s) to form an optionally substituted, 3-20 (e.g., 3-15, 3-10, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, etc. ) membered, monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic ring having, in addition to the intervening atom (s) , 0-10 (e.g., 1-10, 1-5, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9or 10, etc. ) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, two or more R groups are optionally and independently taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted, 3-20 (e.g., 3-15, 3-10, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, etc. ) membered, monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic ring having, in addition to the intervening atom (s) , 0-10 (e.g., 1-10, 1-5, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9or 10, etc. ) heteroatoms.
[0259] As described herein, in various instances, two or more R groups, or two or more groups that are or can be R (e.g., Rs, R’, etc., ) , can be together with their intervening atom (s) to form an optionally substituted ring as described herein. In some embodiments, a formed ring is substituted (in addition to groups attached to the intervening atom (s) . In some embodiments, a formed ring is unsubstituted. In some embodiments, a formed ring is 3-20, 3-15, 3-10, 3-8, 3-6, 5-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, etc. membered. In some embodiments, a formed ring is 3-membered. In some embodiments, a formed ring is 4-membered. In some embodiments, a formed ring is 5-membered. In some embodiments, a formed ring is 6-membered. In some embodiments, a formed ring is 7-membered. In some embodiments, a formed ring is 8-membered. In some embodiments, a formed ring is 9-membered. In some embodiments, a formed ring is 10-membered. In some embodiments, a formed ring is 11-membered. In some embodiments, a formed ring is 12-membered. In some embodiments, a formed ring is saturated. In some embodiments, a formed ring is partially unsaturated. In some embodiments, a formed ring is aromatic. In some embodiments, a formed ring is monocyclic. In some embodiments, it is bicyclic. In some embodiments, it is polycyclic. In some embodiments, each monocyclic unit is independently a 3-15 (e.g., 3-15, 3-10, 3-8, 3-6, 5-6, or 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15, etc. ) membered ring which is independently saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic and has 0-4 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, each monocyclic unit is independently a 3-10 (e.g., 3-10, 3-8, 3-6, 5-6, or 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, etc. ) membered ring which is independently saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic and has 0-4 (e.g., 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, each monocyclic ring unit is independently 3-7 membered. In some embodiments, each monocyclic ring unit is independently 3-6 membered. In some embodiments, each monocyclic ring unit is independently 5-7 membered. In some embodiments, each monocyclic unit is independently saturated or partially unsaturated. In some embodiments, at least one monocyclic unit is saturated. In some embodiments, at least one monocyclic unit is partially unsaturated. In some embodiments, at least one monocyclic unit is aromatic. In some embodiments, a formed ring has, in addition to the intervening atom (s) , 0-10 (e.g., 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and silicon. In some embodiments, a formed ring has, in addition to the intervening atom (s) , 0-5 (e.g., 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and silicon. In some embodiments, there are no additional heteroatoms. In some embodiments, there is one additional heteroatom. In some embodiments, there are 2 additional heteroatoms. In some embodiments, there are 3 additional heteroatoms. In some embodiments, there are 4 additional heteroatoms. In some embodiments, there are 5 additional heteroatoms. In some embodiments, there are 6 or more additional heteroatoms. In some embodiments, an additional heteroatom is nitrogen. In some embodiments, an additional heteroatom is oxygen. In some embodiments, an additional heteroatom is sulfur.
[0260] In some embodiments, each R is independently -H, or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-10 aliphatic, C1-10 heteroaliphatic having 1-5 heteroatoms, C6-14 aryl, 5-14 membered heteroaryl having 1-10 heteroatoms, and 3-10 membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms, or two R groups are optionally and independently taken together to form a covalent bond, or: two or more R groups on the same atom are optionally and independently taken together with the atom to form an optionally substituted, 3-15 (e.g., 3-12, 3-10, 3-8, 4-6, 5-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 15, etc. ) membered, monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic ring having, in addition to the atom, 0-5 (e.g., 1-5, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) heteroatoms; or two or more R groups on two or more atoms are optionally and independently taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted, 3-15 (e.g., 3-12, 3-10, 3-8, 4-6, 5-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, etc. ) membered, monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic ring having, in addition to the intervening atoms, 0-5 (e.g., 1-5, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. ) heteroatoms.
[0261] In some embodiments, as used in the present disclosure, e.g., in various embodiments or R, R1, Rs, R’, various formulae, etc., each heteroatom is independently selected from oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and silicon. In some embodiments, each heteroatom is independently selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. In some embodiments, in provided compound each heteroatom of heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaliphatic, ring (e.g., -Cy-, ring formed by groups taken together (e.g., two R groups taken together) with their intervening atom (s) (if any) , etc. ) , etc., is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, in provided compound each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, silicon and phosphorus. In some embodiments, rings (e.g., cycloaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, rings formed by groups taken together (e.g., two R groups taken together) with their intervening atom (s) (if any) , etc. ) contain 1-20 (e.g., 1-15, 1-10, 1-6, etc. ) carbon ring atoms and 0-10 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, rings contain 1-10 carbon ring atoms and 0-5 heteroatoms. As described herein, various groups may be optionally substituted. Substituents are routinely utilized in chemistry including in development of various therapeutics. Many substituents can be utilized in accordance with the present disclosure. In some embodiments, a substituent is a hydrocarbon group. In some embodiments, a substituent comprises a heteroatom. In some embodiments, a substituent comprises multiple heteroatoms. In some embodiments, each atom in a substituent is independently selected from hydrogen, carbon, halogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus and silicon. In some embodiments, each atom in a substituent is independently selected from hydrogen, carbon, halogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, each atom in a substituent is independently selected from hydrogen, carbon, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, the total number of carbon and non-halogen heteroatom (s) in a substituent is about or no more than about 1; in some embodiments, it is no more than about 2; in some embodiments, it is no more than about 3; in some embodiments, it is no more than about 4; in some embodiments, it is no more than about 5; in some embodiments, it is no more than about 6; in some embodiments, it is no more than about 7; in some embodiments, it is no more than about 8; in some embodiments, it is no more than about 9; in some embodiments, it is no more than about 10; in some embodiments, it is no more than about 11; in some embodiments, it is no more than about 12; in some embodiments, it is no more than about 13; in some embodiments, it is no more than about 14; in some embodiments, it is no more than about 15. Various substituents are presented in provided compounds as examples.
[0262] In some embodiments, a RSUPERSCRIPT group, wherein SUPERSCRIPT can be any text, e.g., 1, 2, 3, w, etc., is R’ as described herein. In some embodiments, it is R as described herein. In some embodiments, a LSUPERSCRIPT group, wherein SUPERSCRIPT can be any text, e.g., 1, 2, 3, w, etc., is L as described herein.
[0263] As described herein, one or more isotopes may be independently enriched, independently at one or more positions. In some embodiments, an enrichment is about or at least about 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 100%, 150%, 200%, 500%, 1000%, 2000%, 5000%more than a natural abundance as applicable. In some embodiments, an enrichment is about or at least about 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 85, 90, 95, 99, 100, 150, 200, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000 folds more than a natural abundance as applicable. In some embodiments, a level of an isotope at a position is about or at least about 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99%of all compound molecules in a composition. For example, in some embodiments, designation of an atom as deuterium indicates that for that atom, at least 5%of all compound molecules are deuterated. In some embodiments, about or at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%or 50%all compound molecules are deuterated at designated positions. In some embodiments, a percentage is about or at least about 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99%of all compound molecules. In some embodiments, a compound may have two or more positions deuterated, each of which independently has a percentage of about or at least about 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99%of all compound molecules in a composition. Various technologies can be utilized to provide enriched levels of isotopes. In some embodiments, reagents having enriched levels of one or more isotopes are utilized in preparation of provided compounds or composition. In some embodiments, an enrich level is about or at least about 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 85, 90, 95, 99, 100, 150, 200, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000 fold more than a reference preparation prepared without utilizing any reagent that has an enriched level of an isotope.
[0264] In some embodiments, a provided compound is selected from below: Table C1. Certain compounds as examples. Table C2. Certain compounds as examples. Table C3. Certain compounds as examples.
[0265] In some embodiments, a product is selectively produced over another potential product. In some embodiments, a product is produced with chemoselectivity, stereoselectivity and / or regioselectivity. In some embodiments, a selectivity is presented as a ratio, e.g., of one product over another. In some embodiments, a ratio is about or at least about 1.5: 1, 2: 1, 2.5: 1, 3: 1, 4: 1, 5: 1, 6: 1, 7: 1, 8: 1, 9: 1, 10: 1, 11: 1, 12: 1, 13: 1, 14: 1, 15: 1, 16: 1, 17: 1, 18: 1, 19: 1, 20: 1, 25: 1, 30: 1, 40: 1, 50: 1, 60: 1, 70: 1, 80: 1, 90: 1, 100: 1, 200: 1, 500: 1 or more. Characterization and Assessment
[0266] Those skilled in the art reading the present disclosure will appreciate that various technologies are available and may be utilized to assess provided technologies, e.g., compounds, compositions, methods, etc. Certain useful technologies are described in the Examples herein. In some embodiments, provided technologies are assessed in intro. In some embodiments, provided technologies are assessed in vivo. In some embodiments, provided technologies are assessed in animal models for conditions, disorders or diseases. In some embodiments, provided technologies are assessed in clinical trials involving human subjects. Certain useful technologies are described in, e.g., WO 2014 / 011973, WO 2018 / 218087, WO 2019 / 168999, WO 2020 / 176757, WO 2021 / 041536, WO 2021 / 041539, WO 2021 / 183702, WO 2022 / 042657, Eaton JK, Furst L, Cai LL, Viswanathan VS, Schreiber SL., Structure-activity relationships of GPX4 inhibitor warheads, Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2020 Dec 1; 30 (23) : 127538. doi: 10.1016 / j. bmcl. 2020.127538, Shimada K, Skouta R, Kaplan A, Yang WS, Hayano M, Dixon SJ, Brown LM, Valenzuela CA, Wolpaw AJ, Stockwell BR, Global survey of cell death mechanisms reveals metabolic regulation of ferroptosis, Nature Chemical Biology, 2016 May 9; 12: 497-503. doi: 10.1038 / nchembio. 2079, etc. In some embodiments, a technology comprises utilization of cell lines. In some embodiments, a technology comprises administration or delivery of a compound to a subject, e.g., a human, an animal (e.g., mouse, monkey, etc. ) . In some embodiments, a technology comprises an animal model.
[0267] In some embodiments, provided compounds or compositions may be assessed in an assay for their capability to inhibit cell growth or proliferation, e.g., through inducing or promoting ferroptosis. In some embodiments, assessment is performed further in the presence of a ferroptosis inhibitor, e.g., those described in the Examples or available in the art. In some embodiments, an effect of the compound, e.g., inducing ferroptosis, inhibiting cell proliferation, etc., is reduced in the presence of a ferroptosis inhibitor. In some embodiments, inhibitory activities of provided compounds are presented as IC50 values. In some embodiments, IC50 of a compound, e.g., when assessed in an assay described in an Example, is about or no more than about 100, 90, 80, 70, 60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 uM, and in some embodiments, is about or no more than about 900, 800, 700, 600, 500, 400, 300, 200, 100, 90, 80, 70, 60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 nM. In some embodiments, when assessed in the presence of a ferroptosis inhibitor, e.g., as described in an Example, IC50 of a compound is about or at least about 2-5000, e.g., about or at least about 10-1000, 50-1000, 100-1000, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 200, 500 or 1000, fold of the IC50 under comparable or identical conditions but absent of the ferroptosis inhibitor. In some embodiments, it is about or at least about 5 fold. In some embodiments, it is about or at least about 10 fold. In some embodiments, it is about or at least about 20 fold. In some embodiments, it is about or at least about 50 fold. In some embodiments, it is about or at least about 100 fold. In some embodiments, IC50 of a compound in the presence of a ferroptosis inhibitor, e.g., when assessed in an assay described in an Example, is about or at least about 1-1000, e.g., about or at least about 1-500, 1-100, 10-1000, 100-1000, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 200, 500, or 1000 uM. In some embodiments, concentration of a ferroptosis inhibitor is about or at least about EC50 of a ferroptosis inhibitor when it is assessed by itself. In some embodiments, concentration of a ferroptosis inhibitor is about or at least about 0.1-100, e.g., about or at least about 1-20, 2-10, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 or 100 uM. In some embodiments, concentration of the ferroptosis inhibitor is about or at least about 1 uM. In some embodiments, concentration of the ferroptosis inhibitor is about or at least about 2 uM. Certain useful assays and data are presented in the Examples.
[0268] In some embodiments, provided technologies provides selectivity, e.g., for reacting with one compound over another, for reacting one nucleophilic group (e.g., -SeH or a salt form thereof) over another (e.g., -SH or a salt form thereof) , for reacting with one amino acid residue (e.g. selenocysteine) over another (cysteine) , for delivering a compound to a target site over a reference site, for producing one isomer over another, for isotope-labeling one position in a compound over another, etc. In some embodiments, a selectivity is presented as a ratio, e.g., desired vs. non-desired. In some embodiments, a ratio is about or at least about 1.5: 1, 2: 1, 2.5: 1, 3: 1, 4: 1, 5: 1, 6: 1, 7: 1, 8: 1, 9: 1, 10: 1, 11: 1, 12: 1, 13: 1, 14: 1, 15: 1, 16: 1, 17: 1, 18:1, 19: 1, 20: 1, 25: 1, 30: 1, 40: 1, 50: 1, 60: 1, 70: 1, 80: 1, 90: 1, 100: 1, 200: 1, 500: 1 or more. In some embodiments, it is about or at least about 2. In some embodiments, it is about or at least about 5. In some embodiments, it is about or at least about 10. In some embodiments, it is about or at least about 20. In some embodiments, it is about or at least about 50. In some embodiments, it is about or at least about 100. Various technologies are available in the art and can be utilized in accordance with the present disclosure. For example, in some embodiments, to assess selectivity for selenocysteine over cysteine residues, mass spectrometry may be utilized. Applications
[0269] Provided technologies are useful for various applications. In some embodiments, provided technologies are useful for modulating a biological activity. In some embodiments, provided technologies are useful for modulating properties and / or activities of polypeptides. In some embodiments, provided technologies are useful for inhibiting activities of polypeptides. In some embodiments, provided technologies are useful for preventing or treating various conditions, disorders or diseases.
[0270] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides moieties, e.g., isourea moieties, isothiourea moieties, Rw, etc., that can be utilized as leaving groups. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides moieties that can be utilized as “warheads. ” As those skilled in the art reading the present disclosure will appreciate, warhead moieties can be utilized with many other moieties to provide compounds for various purposes, for example, protein inhibitors including covalent inhibitors. In some embodiments, an inhibitor is a kinase inhibitor. In some embodiments, an inhibitor is a GPX4 inhibitor. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides technologies for designing a compound, comprising combining a first moiety which can provide, promote or enhance binding to a target, e.g., a polypeptide, and an electrophilic moiety described herein.
[0271] In some embodiments, provided technologies are useful for labeling targets, e.g., polypeptides. In some embodiments, provided technologies are useful for delivering various agents to targets, e.g., cells, tissues, etc.
[0272] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides technologies for delivering a compound to a target. In some embodiments, a delivered compound is a urea. In some embodiments, a delivered compound has the structure of H-Rw#or a salt thereof (in some embodiments, in a tautomer form) . In some embodiments, a delivered compound has the structure of T=C (NHRw1#) N (Rw2#) (Rw3#) or a salt thereof. In some embodiments, to deliver such a compound a compound comprising or consisting of Rw#and a moiety targeting a target is utilized.
[0273] In some embodiments, provided technologies (e.g., compounds, compositions, methods, etc. ) can modulate one or more properties and / or activities of various polypeptides. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides various technologies that can inhibit activities of various polypeptides. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method for inhibiting an activity of a polypeptide comprising a nucleophilic moiety, comprising contacting the polypeptide with a provided compound of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, a nucleophilic moiety is -SH or -SeH or a salt form thereof. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method for inhibiting an activity of a polypeptide comprising -SeH or a salt form thereof, comprising contacting the polypeptide with a provided compound of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method for inhibiting an activity of a polypeptide comprising a selenocysteine residue, comprising contacting the polypeptide with a provided compound of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method for inhibiting an activity of a polypeptide comprising -SH or a salt form thereof, comprising contacting the polypeptide with a provided compound of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method for inhibiting an activity of a polypeptide comprising a cysteine residue, comprising contacting the polypeptide with a provided compound of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method for inhibiting an activity of a polypeptide comprising -SeH or a salt form thereof in a system, comprising administering or delivering to the system a provided compound of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method for inhibiting an activity of a polypeptide comprising a selenocysteine residue in a system, comprising administering or delivering to the system a provided compound of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method for inhibiting an activity of a polypeptide comprising -SH or a salt form thereof in a system, comprising administering or delivering to the system a provided compound of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method for inhibiting an activity of a polypeptide comprising a cysteine residue in a system, comprising administering or delivering to the system a provided compound of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a characteristic portion of GPX4. In some embodiments, a polypeptide comprises a characteristic portion of GPX4 which characteristic portion comprises U46. In some embodiments, a polypeptide is GPX4.
[0274] In some embodiments, provided technologies are useful for modulating ferroptosis. In some embodiments, provided technologies are useful for inducing, promoting or enhancing ferroptosis. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method for inducing, promoting or enhancing ferroptosis in a system, comprising administering or delivering to the system an effective amount of a provided compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method for inducing, promoting or enhancing cell death in a system, comprising administering or delivering to the system an effective amount of a provided compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method for inhibiting cell proliferation in a system, comprising administering or delivering to the system an effective amount of a provided compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0275] In some embodiments, a system is an in vivo system. In some embodiments, a system is an in vitro system. In some embodiments, a system is or comprises a cell. In some embodiments, a system is or comprises a diseased cell, e.g., a cancer cell. In some embodiments, a system is or comprises a tissue. In some embodiments, a system is or comprises an organ. In some embodiments, a system is or comprises a sample. In some embodiments, a system is or comprises an organism. In some embodiments, a system is or comprises an animal. In some embodiments, a system is or comprises a subject. In some embodiments, a system is a human.
[0276] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method for inducing or promoting cell death, comprising contacting the cell with a provided compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a m...
Claims
1.A compound having a structure of formula B-1: or a salt thereof, wherein:Rs1 is -N (R) 2, -NH (OR) , or -NH-C (R) 3;each of Rs2 and Rs3 is independently C1-6 aliphatic, C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-3 heteroatoms, or Rs2 and Rs3 are optionally taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a 3-6 membered optionally substituted saturated carbocyclic ring;each of R is independently H, or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-4 aliphatic, C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-2 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered cycloalkyl, and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-6 carbon atoms and 0-3 heteroatoms, or two or more R groups on the same atom are optionally and independently taken together with the atom to form an optionally substituted, 3-6 membered, monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatom;Lb is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered, monocyclic aromatic ring having 1-4 heteroatoms;Rb is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered aromatic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms, or an optionally substituted 5-6 membered saturated monocyclic ring having 0-3 heteroatoms;R4# is -CH2-O-C (=NH) N (Rw2#) (Rw3#) ; andRw2# and Rw3# are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted, 5-6 membered saturated ring having, in addition to the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, 0-5 heteroatoms, wherein the optionally substituted ring does not contain ring D;Ring D is an optionally substituted moiety ofand Ring D is an optionally substituted 5-15 membered ring having, in addition to the nitrogen and oxygen atoms attached to the carbon atom to which -CF3 is attached, 0-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; andwherein each substituent is independently selected from halogen (e.g., -F, -Cl, -Br, or -I) , C1-6 haloalkyl (e.g., –CF2H, –CF3, etc. ) , C1-6 aliphatic, and C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-4 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered cycloalkyl, or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-6 carbon atoms and 0-3 heteroatoms.2.The compound of claim 1, wherein Lb is an optionally substituted pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, imidazolyl.3.The compound of claims1, wherein Rb is an optionally substituted phenyl, morpholinyl or tetrahydropyrrolyl.4.The compound of claim 1, wherein Rw2# and Rw3# are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted morpholinyl.5.The compound of claim 1, wherein Rw2# and Rw3# are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted tetrahydropyrrolyl.6.The compound of claim 1, wherein:Rs1 is -N (R) 2, -NHOR, or -NH-C (R) 3;each of Rs3 and Rs2 is independently C1-6 aliphatic, C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-3 heteroatoms, or Rs3 and Rs2 are optionally taken together with the carbon atom which they are attached to form an additional 3-6 membered saturated carbocyclic;each of R is independently H, or selected from a group consisting of C1-4 aliphatic, C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-2 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered cycloalkyl, and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-6 carbon atoms and 0-3 heteroatoms, or two or more R group on the same atom are optionally and independently taken together with the atom to form an optionally substituted, 3-6 membered, monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatom;Lb is independently pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazolyl;Rb is independently and optionally substituted phenyl, morpholinyl or tetrahydropyrrolyl;R4# is -CH2-O-C (=NH) N (Rw2#) (Rw3#) ; and Rw2# and Rw3# are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted ring selected from morpholinyl or tetrahydropyrrolyl;wherein each substituent is independently selected from halogen (e.g., -F, -Cl, -Br, or -I) , C1-6 haloalkyl (e.g., –CF2H, –CF3, etc. ) , C1-6 aliphatic, and C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-4 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered cycloalkyl, or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-6 carbon atoms and 0-3 heteroatoms.7.The compound of claim 1 or 6, wherein each of Rs2 and Rs3 is independently C1-6 alkyl.8.The compound of claim 1 or 6, wherein each of Rs2 and Rs3 is independently methyl.9.The compound of claim 1 or 6, wherein Rs2 and Rs3 are taken together with the atom to which they are attached to form a cyclopentyl ring.10.The compound of claim 1 or 6, wherein:Lb iswherein “*” represents the point of attachment to Rb.Lb iswherein “*” represents the point of attachment to Rb.Lb iswherein “*” represents the point of attachment to Rb.11.The compound of claim 1 or 6, wherein:Rs1 is -NHOR, or -NH-C (R) 3;each of Rs3 and Rs2 is independently CH3, or Rs3 and Rs2 are optionally taken together with the carbon atom which they are attached to form a cyclopentyl;each of R is independently H, or selected from a group consisting of C1-4 aliphatic, C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-2 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered cycloalkyl, and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-6 carbon atoms and 0-3 heteroatoms, or two or more R group on the same atom are optionally and independently taken together with the atom to form an optionally substituted, 3-6 membered, monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatom;Lb is independentlywherein “*” represents the point of attachment to Rb;Rb is independently and optionally substituted morpholinyl or tetrahydropyrrolyl;R4# is -CH2-O-C (=NH) N (Rw2#) (Rw3#) ; and Rw2# and Rw3# are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted ring selected from morpholinyl or tetrahydropyrrolyl;wherein each substituent is independently selected from halogen (e.g., -F, -Cl, -Br, or -I) , C1-6 haloalkyl (e.g., –CF2H, –CF3, etc. ) , C1-6 aliphatic, and C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-4 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered cycloalkyl, or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-6 carbon atoms and 0-3 heteroatoms.12.A compound having the structure of BI-1: or a salt thereof, wherein:Ring D is a 5-6 membered saturated ring having, in addition to the nitrogen and oxygen atoms attached to the carbon atom to which -CF3 is attached, 0 heteroatom;Rs1 is -N (R) 2, -NHOR, or -NH-C (R) 3;each of Rs2 and Rs3 is independently CH3, or Rs2 and Rs3 are optionally taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 5-membered ring;each R is independently -H, or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-6 aliphatic, C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-3 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-8 carbon atoms and 0-4 heteroatoms; or:two or more R groups on the same atom are optionally and independently taken together with the atom to form an optionally substituted, 3-8 membered ring having, in addition to the atom, 0-4 heteroatoms;Lb2 is independentlywherein “*” represents the point of attachment to Rb2;Rb2 is an optionally substituted group selected from phenyl, morpholinyl and tetrahydropyrrolyl;wherein each substituent is independently selected from halogen (e.g., -F, -Cl, -Br, or -I) , C1-6 haloalkyl (e.g., –CF2H, –CF3, etc. ) , C1-6 aliphatic, and C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-4 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered cycloalkyl, or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-6 carbon atoms and 0-3 heteroatoms.13.The compound of claim 12 having the structure of BI-2: or a salt thereof, wherein:Rs1 is -N (R) 2 or -NH-C (R) 3;each R is independently -H, or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-6 aliphatic, C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-3 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-8 carbon atoms and 0-4 heteroatoms; or:two or more R groups on the same atom are optionally and independently taken together with the atom to form an optionally substituted, 3-8 membered ring having, in addition to the atom, 0-4 heteroatoms;Lb2 is independentlywherein “*” represents the point of attachment to Rb2;Rb2 is independently optionally substituted phenyl, morpholinyl;wherein each substituent is independently selected from halogen (e.g., -F, -Cl, -Br, or -I) , C1-6 haloalkyl (e.g., –CF2H, –CF3, etc. ) , C1-6 aliphatic, and C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-4 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered cycloalkyl, or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-6 carbon atoms and 0-3 heteroatoms.14.A compound having the structure of I-1a: or a salt thereof, wherein:Rs1 is -N (R) 2, -NH (OR) , or -NH-C (R) 3;R4 is -CH2-O-C (=NH) N (Rw2) (Rw3) ; and Rw2 and Rw3 are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted ring selected from morpholinyl or tetrahydropyrrolyl;each R is independently -H, or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-6 aliphatic, C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-3 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-8 carbon atoms and 0-4 heteroatoms; or:two or more R groups on the same atom are optionally and independently taken together with the atom to form an optionally substituted, 3-8 membered ring having, in addition to the atom, 0-4 heteroatoms;wherein each substituent is independently selected from halogen (e.g., -F, -Cl, -Br, or -I) , C1-6 haloalkyl (e.g., –CF2H, –CF3, etc. ) , C1-6 aliphatic, and C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-4 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered cycloalkyl, or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-6 carbon atoms and 0-3 heteroatoms.15.The compound of claims 1 or 12, wherein Rb or Rb2 is independently 16.The compound of any one of the preceding claims, wherein Rs1 is independently:-N (R’) 2, wherein each R’ is independently -H or optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic;-NH-OR, wherein R is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic;-NH-C (R) 3, wherein each R is independently selected from an optionally substituted group consisting of C1-6 aliphatic, C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-2 heteroatoms, 3-6 membered cycloalkyl, 3-6 membered heterocyclyl having 1-2 heteroatoms and combinations thereof, wherein each combination independently has 1-6 carbon atoms and 0-3 heteroatoms; or two or more R groups are optionally and independently taken together with the carbon atom which they are attached to form an optionally substituted, 3-8 membered, monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms.17.The compound of claim 16, wherein Rs1 is -NHCH2CF3.18.The compound of claim 16, wherein Rs1 is independently -NH2, -NHCH3, -NHOCH3.19.The compound of claim 11, wherein R4# is independently 20.The compound of claim 14, wherein R4 is R4#.21.The compound of claim 12, wherein is wherein n’ is 0, 1, 2, 3.22.A compound of Table C1-C3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.23.A composition comprising a compound of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition is enriched for an isotope at a position of the compound.24.A pharmaceutical composition comprising or delivering a compound of any one of the preceding claims or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.25.A method for preventing and / or treating a condition, disorder or disease, comprising administering or delivering to a subject susceptible thereto or suffering therefrom an effective amount of a compound or composition of any one of the preceding claims.26.The method of claim 25, wherein the condition, disorder or disease is cancer (e.g., acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) , acute myeloid leukemia (AML) , lymphoma (e.g., Hodgkin’s lymphoma, NonHodgkin’s lymphoma, Burkitt’s lymphoma) , chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) , chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) , Hairy Cell chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) , or multiple myeloma) .
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