Determination of activation signal
By implementing a mechanism where AIoT devices can request and receive a second activation signal with a longer duration if the initial signal is insufficient, the solution addresses the challenge of determining appropriate activation signal duration for backscattering transmission in AIoT applications, enhancing energy efficiency and data modulation.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/140257
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-12-20
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-26
AI Technical Summary
In Ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) applications, determining the appropriate duration of an activation signal for backscattering transmission is challenging, especially when the original signal is insufficient, leading to inefficiencies in energy usage and data modulation.
The proposed solution involves a device that receives an initial activation signal with a first duration, determines if it is insufficient for data modulation, and then requests and receives a second activation signal with a longer duration, ensuring sufficient energy for backscattering transmission.
This approach enables the use of activation signals with long enough durations for effective backscattering transmission in AIoT devices, improving energy efficiency and data modulation capabilities.
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Figure CN2023140257_26062025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DETERMINATION OF ACTIVATION SIGNALFIELD
[0001] Various example embodiments generally relate to the field of communication, and in particular, to devices, methods, apparatuses and a computer readable storage medium for determination of activation signal.BACKGROUND
[0002] The motivation of Ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) study is to support ultra-low cost and ultra-low power devices for the Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Among the completed and approved radio access network (RAN) AIoT study, three different device types are defined based on whether there is energy storage or not, and whether there is backscattering transmission or active RF transmission. For example, Device A does not have no energy storage and independent signal generation / amplification. Device B has energy storage, but no independent signal generation. Device C has energy storage and independent signal generation.SUMMARY
[0003] In general, example embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for determination of activation signal. For example, the solution provided by the example embodiments of the present disclosure can enable an activation signal with long enough duration for backscattering transmission of AIoT devices if the original activation signal is not sufficient.
[0004] In a first aspect, there is provided a first device. The first device comprises at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device at least to: receive a first activation signal with a first duration; based on determining that the first duration is insufficient to modulate data, transmit a signaling for requesting a second activation signal; and receive the second activation signal.
[0005] In a second aspect, there is provided a second device. The second device comprises at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device at least to: transmit, to a first device, a first activation signal with a first duration; and in case of receiving a signaling for requesting a second activation signal, transmit, to the first device, the second activation signal.
[0006] In a third aspect, there is provided a third device. The third device comprises at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the third device at least to: receive, from a first device, a first signaling for requesting a second activation signal, wherein the first signaling is transmitted by backscattering a first activation signal with a first duration; and based on receiving the first signaling, transmit, to a second device, a second signaling for requesting the second activation signal.
[0007] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a method. The method comprises: receiving, at a first device, a first activation signal with a first duration; based on determining that the first duration is insufficient to modulate data, transmitting a signaling for requesting a second activation signal; and receiving the second activation signal.
[0008] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a method. The method comprises: transmitting, at a second device to a first device, a first activation signal with a first duration; and in case of receiving a signaling for requesting a second activation signal, transmitting, to the first device, the second activation signal.
[0009] In a sixth aspect, there is provided a method. The method comprises: receiving, at a third device from a first device, a first signaling for requesting a second activation signal, wherein the first signaling is transmitted by backscattering a first activation signal with a first duration; and based on receiving the first signaling, transmitting, to a second device, a second signaling for requesting the second activation signal.
[0010] In a seventh aspect, there is provided an apparatus. The apparatus comprises: means for receiving, at a first device, a first activation signal with a first duration; means for based on determining that the first duration is insufficient to modulate data, transmitting a signaling for requesting a second activation signal; and means for receiving the second activation signal.
[0011] In an eighth aspect, there is provided an apparatus. The apparatus comprises: means for transmitting, at a second device to a first device, a first activation signal with a first duration; and means for in case of receiving a signaling for requesting a second activation signal, transmitting, to the first device, the second activation signal.
[0012] In a ninth aspect, there is provided an apparatus. The apparatus comprises: means for receiving, at a third device from a first device, a first signaling for requesting a second activation signal, wherein the first signaling is transmitted by backscattering a first activation signal with a first duration; and means for based on receiving the first signaling, transmitting, to a second device, a second signaling for requesting the second activation signal.
[0013] In a tenth aspect, there is provided a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method according to any of the fourth to the sixth aspect.
[0014] In an eleventh aspect, there is provided a computer program comprising instructions, which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus at least to: receive a first activation signal with a first duration; based on determining that the first duration is insufficient to modulate data, transmit a signaling for requesting a second activation signal; and receive the second activation signal.
[0015] In a twelfth aspect, there is provided a computer program comprising instructions, which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus at least to: transmit, to a first device, a first activation signal with a first duration; and in case of receiving a signaling for requesting a second activation signal, transmit, to the first device, the second activation signal.
[0016] In a thirteenth aspect, there is provided a computer program comprising instructions, which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus at least to: receive, from a first device, a first signaling for requesting a second activation signal, wherein the first signaling is transmitted by backscattering a first activation signal with a first duration; and based on receiving the first signaling, transmit, to a second device, a second signaling for requesting the second activation signal.
[0017] In a fourteenth aspect, there is provided a first device. The first device comprises first receiving circuitry configured to receive a first activation signal with a first duration; transmitting circuitry configured to, based on determining that the first duration is insufficient to modulate data, transmit a signaling for requesting a second activation signal; and second receiving circuitry configured to receive the second activation signal.
[0018] In a fifteenth aspect, there is provided a second device. The second device comprises first transmitting circuitry configured to transmit, to a first device, a first activation signal with a first duration; and second transmitting circuitry configured to in case of receiving a signaling for requesting a second activation signal, transmit, to the first device, the second activation signal.
[0019] In a sixteenth aspect, there is provided a third device. The third device comprises receiving circuitry configured to receive, from a first device, a first signaling for requesting a second activation signal, wherein the first signaling is transmitted by backscattering a first activation signal with a first duration; and transmitting circuitry configured to, based on receiving the first signaling, transmit, to a second device, a second signaling for requesting the second activation signal.
[0020] It is to be understood that the summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] Some example embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0022] FIGS. 1A-1B illustrate example network environment in which example embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented;
[0023] FIGS. 1C-1F illustrate example different topologies related to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0024] FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate example signaling processes for determining activation signal in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0025] FIGS. 3-6 illustrate example signaling processes for determining activation signal in different topologies in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0026] FIGS. 7-9 illustrate example flowcharts of methods for determining activation signal in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0027] FIG. 10 illustrates an example simplified block diagram of a device that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0028] FIG. 11 illustrates an example block diagram of an example computer readable medium in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0029] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0030] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein may be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0031] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which the present disclosure belongs.
[0032] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0033] It may be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0034] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof. As used herein, “at least one of the following: <a list of two or more elements>” and “at least one of <a list of two or more elements>” and similar wording, where the list of two or more elements are joined by “and” or “or” , mean at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all the elements.
[0035] As used in this application, the term “circuitry” may refer to one or more or all of the following:
[0036] (a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in only analog and / or digital circuitry) and
[0037] (b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as (as applicable) :
[0038] (i) a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuit (s) with software / firmware and
[0039] (ii) any portions of hardware processor (s) with software (including digital signal processor (s) ) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions) and
[0040] (c) hardware circuit (s) and or processor (s) , such as a microprocessor (s) or a portion of a microprocessor (s) that requires software (e.g., firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation.
[0041] This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network node, or other computing or network node.
[0042] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as long term evolution (LTE) , LTE-advanced (LTE-A) , wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) , high-speed packet access (HSPA) , narrow band Internet of things (NB-IoT) and so on. Furthermore, the communications between a terminal device and a network node in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including, but not limited to, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, and / or beyond. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will of course also be future type communication technologies and systems with which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned system.
[0043] As used herein, the term “network node” refers to a node in a communication network via which a terminal device accesses the network and receives services therefrom. The network node may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, a low power node such as a femto, a pico, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology.
[0044] The term “terminal device” refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communication. By way of example rather than limitation, a terminal device may also be referred to as a communication device, user equipment (UE) , a subscriber station (SS) , a portable subscriber station, a mobile station (MS) , or an access terminal (AT) . The terminal device may include, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones, a tablet, a wearable terminal device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , portable computers, desktop computer, image capture terminal devices such as digital cameras, gaming terminal devices, music storage and playback appliances, vehicle-mounted wireless terminal devices, wireless endpoints, mobile stations, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , USB dongles, smart devices, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery) , an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial, a relay node, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. In the following description, the terms “terminal device” , “communication device” , “terminal” , “user equipment” and “UE” may be used interchangeably.
[0045] As used herein, the term “resource” , “transmission resource” , “resource block” , “physical resource block” (PRB) , “uplink (UL) resource” or “downlink (DL) resource” may refer to any resource for performing a communication, for example, a communication between a terminal device and a network node, such as a resource in time domain, a resource in frequency domain, a resource in space domain, a resource in code domain, a resource in a combination of more than one domain or any other resource enabling a communication, and the like. In the following, a resource in time domain (such as, a subframe) will be used as an example of a transmission resource for describing some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that example embodiments of the present disclosure are equally applicable to other resources in other domains.
[0046] As discussed above, AIoT device types comprise Device A, Device B and Device C. For type A or B devices, they do not have independent signal generation capabilities. Backscattering transmission is the only way for them to communicate with other nodes. Different AIoT service may have diverse chrematistics and even for a single AIoT service, the AIoT server or AIoT application may require the AIoT device to feedback different types of response (via different Command) . Those responses may include different contents or different data with corresponding bit size. For example, one “read” Command may request a Tag to report its serial number (16 bits) , usage records (128 bits) , sensing data (up to 1000 bits) , etc., being stored at the predefined or indicated physical addresses of the AIoT device.
[0047] Therefore, an activator needs to send a long enough activation signal to provide the different energy for the AIoT devices to respond the different command. However, keeping the activator always on, for example sending the probable longest activation signal for all command of a certain type AIoT device is not energy efficient.
[0048] Different to the radio frequency identification (RFID) system, in 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) system the AIoT application server and the activator are different nodes. The activator may have no knowledge about how long the activation signal needs to be transmitted to provide enough time and energy for backscattering transmission of AIoT device. To match the diverse application requirements and meet the power efficiency target, how to determine the activation signal, especially the time duration of the activation signal, is a problem to be solved. Although the above discussions and analysis are made by taking the AIoT devices as an example, it should be noted that same or similar issues may also exist in any other similar communication devices in any communication networks.
[0049] Therefore, example embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for determining activation signal. According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a first device receives a first activation signal with a first duration. Based on determining that the first duration is insufficient to modulate data, the first device transmits a signaling for requesting a second activation signal. The first device receives the second activation signal. In this way, the embodiments can enable an activation signal with long enough duration for backscattering transmission of Ambient Internet of Things devices if the original activation signal is not sufficient.
[0050] For illustrative purposes, principles and example embodiments of the present disclosure for determining activation signal will be described below with reference to FIG. 1A-FIG. 11. However, it is to be noted that these embodiments are given to enable the skilled in the art to understand inventive concepts of the present disclosure and implement the solution as proposed herein, and not intended to limit scope of the present application in any way.
[0051] Reference is made to FIG. 1A, which illustrates an example network environment 100A in which example embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. The network environment 100A, which may be a part of a communication network, includes a first device 102 and a fourth device. The first device 102 may also be referred as an AIoT device 102. The AIoT device 102 may be different devices depending on different AIoT application scenarios. The fourth device 110 may act as both an activator and a reader. For the purpose of simplification, both the activator and the reader are referred to as the fourth device 110 in FIG. 1A. The fourth device 110 may be a base station, an intermedia node and an assisting node such as a relay, an IAB, a UE, and a repeater, etc.
[0052] Reference is made to FIG. 1B, which illustrates another example network environment 100B in which example embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. The network environment 100B, which may be a part of a communication network, includes the first device 102, a second device 104 and a third device 106. As illustrated in FIG. 1B, the first device 102 may also be referred as an AIoT device 102. The AIoT device 102 may be different devices depending on different AIoT application scenarios. The second device 104 may also be referred as an activator 104. The activator 104 may be a base station, an intermedia node and an assisting node such as a relay, an IAB, a UE, and a repeater, etc. The third device 106 may also be referred as a reader 106. The reader 106 may be a base station, an intermedia node and an assisting node. Different from FIG. 1A, the activator and the reader are separated devices.
[0053] It is to be understood that the number of terminal devices is given only for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitations. The communication environment 100A and 100B may include any suitable number of network devices and / or terminal devices adapted for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0054] Reference is made to FIG. 1C, which illustrates an example topology 1. As shown in FIG. 1C, the Ambient IoT device 114 directly and bidirectionally communicates with a base station 112. The communication between the base station and the ambient IoT device includes Ambient IoT data and / or signaling. In FIG. 1C, the activator and the reader are the same device, i.e., the base station 112. This topology includes the possibility that the base station transmitting to the Ambient IoT device is a different from the base station receiving from the Ambient IoT device.
[0055] Reference is made to FIG. 1D, which illustrates an example topology 2. The Ambient IoT device 124 communicates bidirectionally with an intermediate node 122 between the Ambient IoT device 124 and base station 120. In this topology, the intermediate node 122 can be a relay, an IAB node, a UE, a repeater, etc., which is capable of Ambient IoT. The intermediate node 122 transfers Ambient IoT data and / or signaling between base station 120 and the Ambient IoT device 124. In FIG. 1D, the activator and the reader are the same device, i.e., the intermediate node 122.
[0056] Reference is made to FIG. 1E, which illustrates an example topology3a. The Ambient IoT device 132 transmits data / signaling to a base station 130 and receives data / signaling from the assisting node 134. In FIG. 1E, the activator and the reader are separated devices. The activator may be the assisting node 134, and the reader may be base station 130.
[0057] Reference is made to FIG. 1F, which illustrates an example topology 3b. The Ambient IoT device 142 receives data / signaling from a base station 140 and transmits data / signaling to the assisting node 144 as illustrated. In the topology 3a and the topology 3b, the assisting node can be a relay, an IAB, a UE and a repeater, etc. In FIG. 1F, the activator and the reader are separated devices. The activator may be base station 140, and the reader may be the assisting node 144.
[0058] In the topologies 1, 2, 3a and 3b, the AIoT devices can be either Device A or Device B with backscattering transmission, whereby an activator sends an RF signal which illuminates an AIoT device, the device modulates the incident RF signal with an information-bearing signal, and the reflected signal is demodulated at a reader. All backscattering systems are reader talks first (RTF) . That is, the device modulates the reflection wave with its stored information only after receiving the signal sent by the activator. Examples of considered modulation technology include On-Off Keying (OOK) , Frequency-shift keying (FSK) and Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) .
[0059] All the discussed nodes, network node such as base station or IAB, terminal node such as UE, relay and repeater can act as an activator to transmit the activation signal. Of course, all nodes can act as a reader to receive the backscattering signal from the AIoT device in certain topology. Depending on different connectivity topologies, the activator and the reader could be a single node or separate nodes, or we call such scenario is monostatic or bistatic scenario. More than one readers may be also possible to receive the backscattering signal from the AIoT device.
[0060] In some AIoT application scenarios, for example, meteorological monitoring, hydrological observations, and some data that require confidentiality, the AIoT application content is not known by the transmission network in purpose. In such scenarios, not only AIoT data, but also AIoT signaling, will be protected. The transmission network only receives and forwards the encapsulated or even encrypted data packets, which can only be parsed and understood by the AIoT application server or AIoT device. Thus, a solution of AIoT device determined activation signal duration for backscattering transmission is proposed.
[0061] Reference is made to FIG. 2A and 2B, which illustrate example signaling processes 200A and 200B for determining activation signal in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 2A will be described with reference to FIG. 1A, and FIG. 2B will be described with reference to FIG. 1B. It is to be noted that FIG. 2A shows the case that the activator and the reader are the same device, i.e., the fourth device 110, and FIG. 2B shows the case that the activator 104 and the reader 106 are different devices.
[0062] As shown in FIG. 2A, the device 110 transmits (202) a first activation signal 206 with a first duration to the device 102. The device 102 receives (204) the first activation signal 206 from the device 110. The device 102 determines (208) that the first duration is insufficient to modulate data. The device 102 transmits (210) a signaling 214 for requesting a second activation signal 220 to the device 110. The device 110 receives (212) the signaling 214 from the device 102. The device 110 transmits (216) the second activation signal 220 to the device 102. The device 102 receives (218) the second activation signal 220 from the device 110. In some example embodiments, the signaling 214 for requesting the second activation signal 220 may indicate a second duration. The second duration may be used for backscattering transmission.
[0063] In some example embodiments, the device 110 may be a gNB in topology 1. For example, FIG. 3 illustrates an example signaling process 300 for determining activation signal for topology 1. That is, the gNB 308 acts as both the activator and reader. At 310, gNB 308 (may correspond to the fourth device 110 in FIG. 1A) may send the encapsulated AIoT command as a packet payload to the AIoT device 302 (may correspond to device 102 in FIG. 1A) .
[0064] At 312, once the AIoT device 302 receives the encapsulated command, the application of the AIoT device 302 may parse the command and take the response accordingly. For example, feed backing the sensor data report or identity acknowledge. The sensor data report or identity acknowledge may be modulated on the following activation signal step 314.
[0065] At 314, after the sending of AIoT command, the gNB 308 may send an initial one-time activation signal with the default duration for AIoT device 302’s backscattering transmission. In some example embodiments, step 310 may not be separated from step 314. That is, step 310 may be part of step 314. When the gNB 308 is sending the default one-time activation signal, it may simultaneously modulate the device ID and AIoT command on top of the activation signal.
[0066] At 316, the duration of the one-time activation signal can vary depending on the device type and known by AIoT device 302, so that depending on the content of the command, the AIoT device 302 knows whether the command response. That is, data corresponding to the command could be modulated on the one-time activation signal, i.e., the duration is length enough for backscattering. If the duration of the default one-time activation signal is sufficient to modulate the response data, the device 302 will modulate the data onto the activation signal and reflect it out. In additional, the excessive length of the activation signal required for modulating data will be notified to the activator through for example an end of file (EoF) indication. Based on such information, the gNB 308 (as an activator) may adjust the length of default activation signal. If the duration of the default one-time activation signal is not sufficient to modulate the response data, the device 302 will modulate a signaling onto the activation signal and reflect it out, telling the gNB 308 to continue an activation signal with an extra time duration.
[0067] At 318, once the gNB 308 receives the requirement for more activation signal, it may send a continual activation signal with the time duration requested by the AIoT device 302 for the following backscattering transmission. At 320, the AIoT device 302 may backscatter the real data by using the re-provided activation signal with an extra time duration. Without losing generality, another transmission could be applied, such as partial data are backscattered on the first activation signal and partial data are backscattered on the second activation signal.
[0068] In some example embodiments, the device 110 may be a UE in topology 2. For example, FIG. 4 illustrates an example signaling process 400 for determining activation signal for topology 2. That is, the UE 408 acts as both the activator and reader. The differences between FIG. 4 and FIG. 3 is that the activator and reader is an intermediate node but not a gNB. For example, a NR UE. The main differences are two additional steps, which is that the encapsulated AIoT command and the backscattering data would be interactive between the gNB 409 and intermediate UE 408. In many cases, both the encapsulated AIoT command and the backscattering data would be encrypted and invisible for the UE and for the gNB.
[0069] At 410, the gNB 409 may send the encapsulated AIoT command as a packet payload to the UE 408 (may correspond to fourth device 110 in FIG. 1A) . At 411, the UE 408 may transmit the encapsulated command to the AIoT device 402 (may correspond to device 102 in FIG. 1A) . At 412, once the AIoT device 402 receives the encapsulated command, the application of the AIoT device 402 may parse the command and take the response accordingly.
[0070] At 414, after the sending of AIoT command, the UE 408 may send an initial one-time activation signal with the default duration for the AIoT device 402’s backscattering transmission. In some example embodiments, step 411 may not be separated from step 414. That is, step 411 may be part of step 414. When the UE 408 is sending the default one-time activation signal, it may simultaneously modulate the device ID and AIoT command on top of the activation signal.
[0071] At 416, the duration of the one-time activation signal can vary depending on the device type and known by device 402, so that depending on the content of the command, the device 402 knows whether the command response. That is, data corresponding to the command could be modulated on the one-time activation signal, i.e., the duration is length enough for backscattering. If the duration of the default one-time activation signal is sufficient to modulate the response data, the device 402 will modulate the data onto the activation signal and reflect it out. In additional, the excessive length of the activation signal required for modulating data will be notified to the activator through for example an EoF indication. Based on such information, the UE 408 (as an activator) may adjust the length of default activator signal. If the duration of the default one-time activation signal is not sufficient to modulate the response data, the device 402 will modulate a signaling onto the activation signal and reflect it out, telling the UE 408 to continue an activation signal with an extra time duration.
[0072] At 418, once the UE 408 receives the requirement for more activation signal, it may send a continual activation signal with the time duration requested by the AIoT device 402 for the following backscattering transmission. At 420, the AIoT device 402 may backscatter the real data or the remainder data by using the re-provided activation signal with an extra time duration. At 422, the UE 408 may forward the data from the device 102 to the gNB 409.
[0073] Referring back to FIG. 2B, the device 104 transmits (232) a first activation signal 236 with a first duration to the device 102. The device 102 receives (234) the first activation signal 236 from the device 104. The device 102 determines (238) that the first duration is insufficient to modulate data. The device 102 transmits (240) a first signaling 244 for requesting a second activation signal to the device 106. The device 106 receives (242) the first signaling 244 from the device 102. The device 106 transmits (246) a second signaling 250 for requesting a second activation signal 256 to the device 104. The device 104 receives (248) the second signaling 250 from the device 104. The device 104 transmits (252) the second activation signal 256 to the device 102. The device 102 receives (254) the second activation signal 256 from the device 104. In some example embodiments, the first signaling 244 for requesting the second activation signal 256 and the second signaling 250 for requesting the second activation signal 256 may indicate a second duration. The second duration may be used for backscattering transmission.
[0074] In some example embodiments, the device 104 may be a UE activator and the device 106 may be a gNB reader in topology 3a. For example, FIG. 5 illustrates an example signaling process 500 for determining activation signal for topology 3a. That is, the gNB 506 acts as a reader and the UE acts as an activator. At 510, gNB 506 (may correspond to device 106 in FIG. 1A) may send the encapsulated AIoT command as a packet payload to the UE 504 (may correspond to device 104 in FIG. 1A) .
[0075] At 512, the UE 504 may send the encapsulated AIoT command to the AIoT device 502. At 514, once the AIoT device 502 receives the encapsulated command, the application of the AIoT device 502 may parse the command and take the response accordingly. For example, feedback the sensor data report or identity acknowledge. The sensor data report or identity acknowledge would be modulated on the following activation signal.
[0076] At 516, after the sending of AIoT command, the UE 504 may send an initial one-time activation signal with the default duration for AIoT device 502’s backscattering transmission. In some example embodiments, step 512 may not be separated from step 516. That is, step 512 may be part of step 516. When the UE 504 is sending the default one-time activation signal, it may simultaneously modulate the device ID and AIoT command on top of the activation signal.
[0077] At 518, the duration of the one-time activation signal can vary depending on the device type and known by AIoT device 502, so that depending on the content of the command, the AIoT device 502 knows whether the command response. That is, data corresponding to the command could be modulated on the one-time activation signal, i.e., the duration is length enough for backscattering. If the duration of the default one-time activation signal is sufficient to modulate the response data, the AIoT device 502 will modulate the data onto the activation signal and reflect it out. In additional, the excessive length of the activation signal required for modulating data will be notified to the activator through for example an EoF indication. Based on such information, the UE 504 (as an activator) may adjust the length of default activation signal. If the duration of the default one-time activation signal is not sufficient to modulate the response data, the AIoT device 502 will modulate a signaling onto the activation signal and reflect it out to the gNB 506, telling the gNB 506 to continue an activation signal with an extra time duration.
[0078] At 518, once the gNB 506 receives the requirement for more activation signal, it may indicate the UE 504 to send an activation signal with the time duration requested by the AIoT device 502. At 522, the UE 504 may send a continual activation signal with the time duration requested by the AIoT device 502 for the following backscattering transmission. At 524, the AIoT device 502 may backscatter the real data or the remainder data by using the re-provided activation signal with an extra time duration to the gNB 506.
[0079] In some example embodiments, the device 104 may be an gNB activator and the device 106 may be a UE reader in topology 3b. For example, FIG. 6 illustrates an example signaling process 600 for determining activation signal for topology 3b. That is, the UE 606 acts as a reader and the gNB 604 acts as an activator. At 610, gNB 604 (may correspond to device 104 in FIG. 1A) may send the encapsulated AIoT command as a packet payload to the AIoT device 602 (may correspond to device 102 in FIG. 1A) .
[0080] At 612, once the AIoT device 602 receives the encapsulated command, the application of the AIoT device 602 may parse the command and take the response accordingly. For example, feedback the sensor data report or identity acknowledge. The sensor data report or identity acknowledge would be modulated on the following activation signal.
[0081] At 614, after the sending of AIoT command, the gNB 604 may send an initial one-time activation signal with the default duration for AIoT device 602’s backscattering transmission. In some example embodiments, step 610 may not be separated from step 614. That is, step 610 may be part of step 614. When the gNB 604 is sending the default one-time activation signal, it may simultaneously modulate the device ID and AIoT command on top of the activation signal.
[0082] At 616, the duration of the one-time activation signal can vary depending on the device type and known by the AIoT device 602, so that depending on the content of the command, the AIoT device 602 knows whether the command response. That is, data corresponding to the command could be modulated on the one-time activation signal, i.e., the duration is length enough for backscattering. If the duration of the default one-time activation signal is sufficient to modulate the response data, the AIoT device 602 will modulate the data onto the activation signal and reflect it out. In additional, the excessive length of the activation signal required for modulating data will be notified to the activator through for example an EoF indication. Based on such information, the gNB 604 (as an activator) may adjust the length of default activator signal. If the duration of the default one-time activation signal is not sufficient to modulate the response data, the AIoT device 602 will modulate a signaling onto the activation signal and reflect it out to the UE 606, telling the UE 606 to continue an activation signal with an extra time duration.
[0083] At 618, once the UE 606 receives the requirement for more activation signal, it may indicate the gNB 604 to send an activation signal with the time duration requested by the AIoT device 602. At 620, the gNB 604 may send a continual activation signal with the time duration requested by the AIoT device 602 for the following backscattering transmission. At 622, the AIoT device 602 may backscatter the real data or the remainder data by using the re-provided activation signal with an extra time duration to the UE 606. At 624, the UE 606 may forward the data from the AIoT device 602 to the gNB 604.
[0084] Therefore, in general, the basic idea in some embodiments of the present disclosure for an AIoT activator is that: the AIoT activator may send the encapsulated AIoT command as a packet payload to the AIoT device. After that, the activator may send an initial one-time activation signal with a default duration for AIoT device’s backscattering transmission. The duration of the default one-time activation signal may vary depending on the device type. The default value of the activation signal time may be known by both the activator and the AIoT device. Once the AIoT activator receives the request from the AIoT device for activation signal with an extra time duration, it may send a continual activation signal with the time duration required by AIoT device for the following backscattering transmission.
[0085] The basic idea in some embodiments of the present disclosure for an AIoT device is that: once the AIoT device receives the encapsulated command, the application layer of the device may parse the command and may take the response accordingly, for example feedback the sensor data report or identity acknowledge. The response data may be also encapsulated or even encrypted. If the duration of the default one-time activation signal is sufficient to modulate the response data, the AIoT device will modulate the data onto the activation signal and reflect it out, accompanied by an identifier indicating the end of an interaction to inform the activator. If the duration of the default one-time activation signal is not sufficient to modulate the response data, the AIoT device will modulate a signaling onto the activation signal and reflect it out, and tell the activator to continue an activation signal with an indicated extra time duration.
[0086] The basic idea in some embodiments of the present disclosure for an AIoT reader is that: the backscattering is received by the AIoT reader. If the reader is not the same node as the activator, the reader will forward the activator with the request for extra activation signal.
[0087] By implementing the example embodiments shown in FIGS. 2A-6, the activation signal with long enough duration for backscattering transmission of AIoT devices can be enabled if the original activation signal is not sufficient.
[0088] Reference is made to FIG. 7, which illustrates an example flowchart of a method 700 at a first device for determining activation signal in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 7 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1A or 1B.
[0089] At 702, the first device 102 receives a first activation signal with a first duration. At 704, if the first duration is insufficient to modulate data, the first device 102 transmits a signaling for requesting a second activation signal. At 706, the first device 102 receives the second activation signal.
[0090] Reference is made to FIG. 8, which illustrates an example flowchart of a method 800 at a second device for determining activation signal in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 8 will be described with reference to FIG. 1B.
[0091] At 802, the second device 104 transmits, to a first device 102, a first activation signal with a first duration. At 804, in case of receiving a signaling for requesting a second activation signal, the second device 104 transmits, to the first device 102, the second activation signal.
[0092] Reference is made to FIG. 9, which illustrates an example flowchart of a method 900 at a third device for determining activation signal in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 9 will be described with reference to FIG. 1B.
[0093] At 902, the third device 106 receives, from a first device 102, a first signaling for requesting a second activation signal. The first signaling is transmitted by backscattering a first activation signal with a first duration. At 904, based on receiving the first signaling, the third device 106 transmits, to a second device 104, a second signaling for requesting the second activation signal.
[0094] By implementing the example embodiments of methods 700-900, the activation signal with long enough duration for backscattering transmission of AIoT devices can be enabled if the original activation signal is not sufficient.
[0095] In some example embodiments, an apparatus capable of performing the method 700 (for example, the device 102) may comprise means for performing the respective steps of the method 700. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0096] In some example embodiments, the apparatus may comprise means for receiving, at a first device, a first activation signal with a first duration; means for based on determining that the first duration is insufficient to modulate data, transmitting a signaling for requesting a second activation signal; and means for receiving the second activation signal.
[0097] In some example embodiments, the signaling for requesting the second activation signal may indicate a second duration.
[0098] In some example embodiments, the apparatus may comprise means for transmitting a first part of the data by backscattering the first activation signal; means for transmitting the signaling for requesting the second activation signal by backscattering the first activation signal; and means for transmitting a second part of the data by backscattering the second activation signal.
[0099] In some example embodiments, the apparatus may comprise means for based on determining that the first duration is sufficient to modulate the data, transmitting the data by backscattering the first activation signal.
[0100] In some example embodiments, the first duration may be a default duration; the first duration may be pre-defined; or the first duration may be determined based on a device type of the first device.
[0101] In some example embodiments, the second duration may be a default duration; the second duration may be pre-defined; the second duration may be determined based on a data size of data to be transmitted; or the second duration may be indicated in the signaling as an excess duration in the first duration of the first activation signal for modulating the data.
[0102] In some example embodiments, the first device may be an ambient Internet of Things (IoT) device, and the apparatus may further comprise the means for receiving the first activation signal and the second activation signal from an activator device; and means for transmitting the signaling and the data to a reader device.
[0103] In some example embodiments, the activator device may be a network device and the reader device may be the network device; the activator device may be a terminal device and the reader device may be the terminal device; the activator device may be a terminal device and the reader device may be a network device; or the activator device may be a network device and the reader device may be a terminal device.
[0104] In some example embodiments, the apparatus may further comprise means for performing other steps in some example embodiments of the method 700. In some example embodiments, the means comprises at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the performance of the apparatus.
[0105] In some example embodiments, an apparatus capable of performing the method 800 (for example, the device 104) may comprise means for performing the respective steps of the method 800. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0106] In some example embodiments, the apparatus may comprise means for transmitting, at a second device to a first device, a first activation signal with a first duration; and means for in case of receiving a signaling for requesting a second activation signal, transmitting, to the first device, the second activation signal.
[0107] In some example embodiments, the first duration may be a default duration for backscattering transmission of the first device, and the signaling for requesting the second activation signal may indicate a second duration.
[0108] In some example embodiments, the first duration may be a default duration; the first duration may be pre-defined; or the first duration may be determined based on a device type of the first device.
[0109] In some example embodiments, the second duration may be a default duration; the second duration may be pre-defined; the second duration may be indicated in the signaling; the second duration may be determined based on a data size of data to be transmitted; or the second duration may be indicated in the signaling as an excess duration in the first duration of the first activation signal for modulating the data.
[0110] In some example embodiments, the apparatus may further comprise means for in case of receiving information indicating an excess duration in the default duration of the first activation signal for modulating data by the first device, adjusting the default duration based on the information.
[0111] In some example embodiments, the first device may be an ambient Internet of Things (IoT) device; the second device may be both an activator device and a reader device; and the signaling may be received from the first device.
[0112] In some example embodiments, the first device may be an ambient Internet of Things (IoT) device; the second device may be an activator device; and the signaling may be received from a reader device.
[0113] In some example embodiments, the second device may be a terminal device and the third device may be a network device; or the second device may be a network device and the third device may be a terminal device.
[0114] In some example embodiments, the apparatus may further comprise means for performing other steps in some example embodiments of the method 800. In some example embodiments, the means comprises at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the performance of the apparatus.
[0115] In some example embodiments, an apparatus capable of performing the method 900 (for example, the device 106) may comprise means for performing the respective steps of the method 900. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0116] In some example embodiments, the apparatus may comprise means for receiving, at a third device from a first device, a first signaling for requesting a second activation signal, wherein the first signaling is transmitted by backscattering a first activation signal with a first duration; and means for based on receiving the first signaling, transmitting, to a second device, a second signaling for requesting the second activation signal.
[0117] In some example embodiments, the first signaling for requesting the second activation signal may indicate a second duration. The apparatus may further comprise means for receiving, from the first device, data transmitted by backscattering the second activation signal with the second duration.
[0118] In some example embodiments, the apparatus may further comprise means for receiving, from the first device, a first part of data transmitted by backscattering the first activation signal; receiving the first signaling for requesting the second activation signal transmitted by backscattering the first activation signal; and receiving, from the first device, a second part of the data transmitted by backscattering the second activation signal.
[0119] In some example embodiments, the first duration may be a default duration; the first duration may be pre-defined; or the first duration may be determined based on a device type of the first device.
[0120] In some example embodiments, the second duration may be a default duration; the second duration may be pre-defined; the second duration may be determined based on a data size of data to be transmitted; or the second duration may be indicated in the signaling as an excess duration in the first duration of the first activation signal for modulating the data.
[0121] In some example embodiments, the first device may be an ambient Internet of Things (IoT) device; the second device may be an activator device; and the third device may be a reader device.
[0122] In some example embodiments, the activator device may be a network device and the reader device may be the network device; the activator device may be a terminal device and the reader device may be the terminal device; the activator device may be a terminal device and the reader device may be a network device; or the activator device may be a network device and the reader device may be a terminal device.
[0123] In some example embodiments, the apparatus may further comprise means for performing other steps in some example embodiments of the method 900. In some example embodiments, the means comprises at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the performance of the apparatus.
[0124] Reference is made to FIG. 10, which illustrates an example simplified block diagram of a device that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 1000 may be provided to implement the communication device, for example the devices 102, 104 or 106 as shown in FIG. 1A. As shown, the device 1000 includes one or more processors 1010, one or more memories 1020 may couple to the processor 1010, and one or more communication modules 1040 may couple to the processor 1010.
[0125] The communication module 1040 is for bidirectional communications. The communication module 1040 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, for example the communication interface may be wireless or wireline to other network elements, or software based interface for communication.
[0126] The processor 1010 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may include one or more of the following: general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 1000 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0127] The memory 1020 may include one or more non-volatile memories and one or more volatile memories. Examples of the non-volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a read only memory (ROM) 1024, an electrically programmable read only memory (EPROM) , a flash memory, a hard disk, a compact disc (CD) , a digital video disk (DVD) , and other magnetic storage and / or optical storage. Examples of the volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a random access memory (RAM) 1022 and other volatile memories that will not last in the power-down duration.
[0128] A computer program 1030 includes computer executable instructions that are executed by the associated processor 1010. The program 1030 may be stored in the ROM 1024. The processor 1010 may perform any suitable actions and processing by loading the program 1030 into the RAM 1022.
[0129] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by means of the program so that the device 1000 may perform any process of the disclosure as discussed with reference to FIG. 2A to FIG. 6. The embodiments of the present disclosure may also be implemented by hardware or by a combination of software and hardware.
[0130] In some example embodiments, the program 1030 may be tangibly contained in a computer readable medium which may be included in the device 1000 (such as in the memory 1020) or other storage devices that are accessible by the device 1000. The device 1000 may load the program 1030 from the computer readable medium to the RAM 1022 for execution. The computer readable medium may include any types of tangible non-volatile storage, such as ROM, EPROM, a flash memory, a hard disk, CD, DVD, and the like. FIG. 11 shows an example of the computer readable medium 1100 in form of CD or DVD. The computer readable medium has the program 1030 stored thereon.
[0131] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representations, it is to be understood that the block, apparatus, system, technique or method described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0132] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out any of the methods 700 to 900 as described above with reference to FIG. 7 or FIG. 9. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0133] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0134] In the context of the present disclosure, the computer program codes or related data may be carried by any suitable carrier to enable the device, apparatus or processor to perform various processes and operations as described above. Examples of the carrier include a signal, computer readable medium, and the like.
[0135] The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the computer readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. The term “non-transitory, ” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM) .
[0136] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0137] Although the present disclosure has been described in languages specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A first device comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device at least to:receive a first activation signal with a first duration;based on determining that the first duration is insufficient to modulate data, transmit a signaling for requesting a second activation signal; andreceive the second activation signal.2.The first device of claim 1, wherein the signaling for requesting the second activation signal indicates a second duration.3.The first device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first device is further caused to:transmit a first part of the data by backscattering the first activation signal;transmit the signaling for requesting the second activation signal by backscattering the first activation signal; andtransmit a second part of the data by backscattering the second activation signal.4.The first device of any of claims 1-3, wherein the first device is further caused to:based on determining that the first duration is sufficient to modulate the data, transmit the data by backscattering the first activation signal.5.The first device of any of claims 1-4, wherein:the first duration is a default duration;the first duration is pre-defined; orthe first duration is determined based on a device type of the first device.6.The first device of any of claims 2-5, wherein:the second duration is a default duration;the second duration is pre-defined;the second duration is determined based on a data size of data to be transmitted; orthe second duration is indicated in the signaling as an excess duration in the first duration of the first activation signal for modulating the data.7.The first device of any of claims 1-6, wherein:the first device is an ambient Internet of Things (IoT) device;wherein the first device is caused to:receive the first activation signal and the second activation signal from an activator device; andtransmit the signaling and the data to a reader device.8.The first device of claim 7, wherein one of the following:the activator device is a network device and the reader device is the network device;the activator device is a terminal device and the reader device is the terminal device;the activator device is a terminal device and the reader device is a network device; orthe activator device is a network device and the reader device is a terminal device.9.A second device comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device at least to:transmit, to a first device, a first activation signal with a first duration; andin case of receiving a signaling for requesting a second activation signal, transmit, to the first device, the second activation signal.10.The second device of claim 9, wherein the first duration is a default duration for backscattering transmission of the first device, and the signaling for requesting the second activation signal indicates a second duration.11.The second device of any of claim 9 or 10, wherein:the first duration is a default duration;the first duration is pre-defined; orthe first duration is determined based on a device type of the first device.12.The second device of any of claims 10-11, wherein:the second duration is a default duration;the second duration is pre-defined;the second duration is indicated in the signaling;the second duration is determined based on a data size of data to be transmitted; orthe second duration is indicated in the signaling as an excess duration in the first duration of the first activation signal for modulating the data.13.The second device of claim 12, wherein the second device is further caused to:in case of receiving information indicating an excess duration in the default duration of the first activation signal for modulating data by the first device, adjust the default duration based on the information.14.The second device of any of claims 9-13, wherein:the first device is an ambient Internet of Things (IoT) device;the second device is both an activator device and a reader device; andthe signaling is received from the first device.15.The second device of any of claims 9-14, wherein:the first device is an ambient Internet of Things (IoT) device;the second device is an activator device; andthe signaling is received from a reader device.16.The second device of claim 15, wherein one of the following:the second device is a terminal device and the third device is a network device; orthe second device is a network device and the third device is a terminal device.17.A third device comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the third device at least to:receive, from a first device, a first signaling for requesting a second activation signal, wherein the first signaling is transmitted by backscattering a first activation signal with a first duration; andbased on receiving the first signaling, transmit, to a second device, a second signaling for requesting the second activation signal.18.The third device of claim 17, wherein the first signaling for requesting the second activation signal indicates a second duration, and the third device is further caused to:receive, from the first device, data transmitted by backscattering the second activation signal with the second duration.19.The third device of claim 17, wherein the third device is further caused to:receive, from the first device, a first part of data transmitted by backscattering the first activation signal;receive the first signaling for requesting the second activation signal transmitted by backscattering the first activation signal;receive, from the first device, a second part of the data transmitted by backscattering the second activation signal.20.The third device of any of claims 17-19, wherein:the first duration is a default duration;the first duration is pre-defined; orthe first duration is determined based on a device type of the first device.21.The third device of any of claims 18-20, wherein:the second duration is a default duration;the second duration is pre-defined;the second duration is determined based on a data size of data to be transmitted; orthe second duration is indicated in the first signaling as an excess duration in the first duration of the first activation signal for modulating the data.22.The third device of any of claims 17-21, wherein:the first device is an ambient Internet of Things (IoT) device;the second device is an activator device; andthe third device is a reader device.23.The third device of claim 22, wherein one of the following:the activator device is a network device and the reader device is the network device;the activator device is a terminal device and the reader device is the terminal device;the activator device is a terminal device and the reader device is a network device; orthe activator device is a network device and the reader device is a terminal device.24.A method comprising:receiving, at a first device, a first activation signal with a first duration;based on determining that the first duration is insufficient to modulate data, transmitting a signaling for requesting a second activation signal; andreceiving the second activation signal.25.A method comprising:transmitting, at a second device to a first device, a first activation signal with a first duration; andin case of receiving a signaling for requesting a second activation signal, transmitting, to the first device, the second activation signal.26.A method comprising:receiving, at a third device from a first device, a first signaling for requesting a second activation signal, wherein the first signaling is transmitted by backscattering a first activation signal with a first duration; andbased on receiving the first signaling, transmitting, to a second device, a second signaling for requesting the second activation signal.27.An apparatus comprising:means for receiving, at a first device, a first activation signal with a first duration;means for based on determining that the first duration is insufficient to modulate data, transmitting a signaling for requesting a second activation signal; andmeans for receiving the second activation signal.28.An apparatus comprising:means for transmitting, at a second device to a first device, a first activation signal with a first duration; andmeans for in case of receiving a signaling for requesting a second activation signal, transmitting, to the first device, the second activation signal.29.An apparatus comprising:means for receiving, at a third device from a first device, a first signaling for requesting a second activation signal, wherein the first signaling is transmitted by backscattering a first activation signal with a first duration; andmeans for based on receiving the first signaling, transmitting, to a second device, a second signaling for requesting the second activation signal.30.A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions for causing an apparatus to perform at least a method of any of claims 24-26.
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