Dihydro-pyrrolo-pyridine derivatives and uses thereof
Dihydro-pyrrrolo-pyridine derivatives are developed to modulate M4 receptors, addressing the need for compounds that can effectively treat psychiatric and neurological disorders by modulating M4 receptor activity.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/140937
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-09-09
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-20
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-26
AI Technical Summary
There is a need for more compounds capable of modulating muscarinic M4 receptors, which are involved in various physiological functions and have potential therapeutic applications for psychiatric and neurological disorders.
The development of dihydro-pyrrrolo-pyridine derivatives that can modulate M4 receptors, including specific compounds with Formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, which are used in pharmaceutical compositions for treating diseases via modulation of M4 receptors.
These compounds effectively modulate M4 receptors, providing therapeutic benefits for various diseases and medical conditions associated with M4 receptor dysfunction, such as psychiatric and neurological disorders.
Smart Images

Figure PCTCN2024140937-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2024140937-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2024140937-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
DIHYDRO-PYRROLO-PYRIDINE DERIVATIVES AND USES THEREOFFIELD OF THE DISCLOSUREThe present disclosure generally relates to dihydro-pyrrolo-pyridine compounds which exhibit activity in modulation of muscarinic M4 receptor, pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds as well as uses of these compounds or the pharmaceutical compositions in the treatment of diseases or medical conditions via modulation of muscarinic M4 receptor.BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSUREIn vertebrate organ systems, muscarinic cholinergic receptors respond to acetylcholine and initiate intracellular signaling cascades to modulate various physiological functions. In the central nervous system, muscarinic receptors are known to modulate pain perception, movement, motivated behavior, attention, learning, and memory (Thiele et al., Muscarinic Signaling in the Brain. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 36 (1) , 271-294 (2013) ; Martino et al., “The M1 / M4 preferring agonist xanomeline is analgesic in rodent models of chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain via central site of action. ” Pain vol. 152, 12 (2011) : 2852-2860.; Nathanson et al. Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors, Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences, Elsevier (2018) ISBN 9780128012383) . In the peripheral organ systems, muscarinic receptors are commonly activated by parasympathetic input, resulting in physiological changes such as pupil constriction, decreased heart rate and blood pressure, increase in digestion (supra) .There are 5 subtypes of muscarinic receptors, namely M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5, with different tissue and cell-type expression profiles. The M4 receptor has prominent expression in the central nervous system and is mainly found in the neurons of striatum, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex (Lebois et al. Muscarinic receptor subtype distribution in the central nervous system and relevance to aging and Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology. 2018 Jul 1; 136 (Pt C) : 362-373.; and Information on M4 in the Human protein atlas) . In the striatum, M4 plays an important role in regulating dopamine signaling in the striatum. M4 knockout mice showed enhanced D1 dopamine receptor-mediated locomotor stimulation (Gomeza et al., Enhancement of D1 dopamine receptor-mediated locomotor stimulation in M (4) muscarinic acetylcholine receptor knockout mice. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA. 1999; 96 (18) : 10483-10488) , increased cocaine self-administration (Schmidt et al., Increased cocaine self-administration in M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor knockout mice. Psychopharm. 2011; 216 (3) : 367-378. ) , but blunted response to muscarinic agonist xanomeline in rodent models of psychosis (Woolley et al., Attenuation of amphetamine-induced activity by the non-selective muscarinic receptor agonist, xanomeline, is absent in muscarinic M4 receptor knockout mice and attenuated in muscarinic M1 receptor knockout mice. Eur J Pharmacol. 2009 Jan 28; 603 (1-3) : 147-9.; Dencker et al. Involvement of a subpopulation of neuronal M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the antipsychotic-like effects of the M1 / M4 preferring muscarinic receptor agonist xanomeline. J Neurosci. 2011 Apr 20; 31 (16) : 5905-8. ) . In addition, M4 receptors in the striatal D1 medium spiny neurons were shown to mediate analgesic effects in a mouse model of nociception (Grauer et al. Antinociceptive effects of potent, selective and brain penetrant muscarinic M4 positive allosteric modulators in rodent pain models. Brain Res. 2020 Jun 15; 1737: 146814. ) . In the hippocampus, M4 modulates glutamatergic synaptic transmission from the Schaffer collateral pathway to the CA1 pyramidal neurons (Shirey et al. (2008) . An allosteric potentiator of M4 mAChR modulates hippocampal synaptic transmission. Nat. Chem. Biol., 4: 42-50; Dasari and Gulledge (2011) . M1 and M4 receptors modulate hippocampal pyramidal neurons. J. Neurophysiol., 105 (2) : 779-792.; Thorn et al. (2017) . Effects of M1 and M4 activation on excitatory synaptic transmission in CA1. Hippocampus. 27: 794-810. ) . The specific modulatory effects of M4 in the striatum and hippocampus suggests potential of targeting M4 for the treatment of psychiatric and neurological disorders associated with dysfunction of these brain regions and their interconnections, which include but are likely not limited to schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, pain, addiction, Alzheimer's Disease, Huntington’s disease, drug-induced dyskinesia, and dystonia.The M4 receptor also has distinct expression and functional profiles outside the central nervous system, in comparison with other muscarinic receptor subtypes. For example, M4 was found in intestinal goblet cells and may contribute to the regulation of mucus production, gut immunity and inflammation (Knoop et al., Microbial sensing by goblet cells controls immune surveillance of luminal antigens in the colon. Mucosal Immunol. 2015 Jan; 8 (1) : 198-210.; Uwada et al., Role of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Intestinal Epithelial Homeostasis: Insights for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Mar 30; 24 (7) : 6508. ) . M4 was also identified in epidermal keratinocytes and may promote keratinocyte migration and wound healing (Chernyavsky et al., The M4 muscarinic receptor-selective effects on keratinocyte crawling locomotion. Life Sci. 2003 Mar 28; 72 (18-19) : 2069-73.; Chernyavsky et al., Novel signaling pathways mediating reciprocal control of keratinocyte migration and wound epithelialization through M3 and M4 muscarinic receptors. J Cell Biol. 2004 Jul 19; 166 (2) : 261-72. ) .Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) selective for the M4 receptor (M4 PAMs) have been utilized to explore the benefits of therapeutically targeting M4. For example, in animal models M4 PAMs were shown to rescue behavioral phenotypes associated with psychosis (Gould et al., Cognitive enhancement and antipsychotic-like activity following repeated dosing with the selective M4 PAM VU0467154. Neuropharmacology. 2018 Jan; 128: 492-502.; Bubser et al., Selective activation of M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors reverses MK-801-induced behavioral impairments and enhances associative learning in rodents. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2014 Oct 15; 5 (10) : 920-42.; Byun et al., Antipsychotic drug-like effects of the selective M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor positive allosteric modulator VU0152100. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2014 Jun; 39 (7) : 1578-93.; Chan et al., Allosteric modulation of the muscarinic M4 receptor as an approach to treating schizophrenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5; 105 (31) : 10978-83.; Brady et al., Centrally active allosteric potentiators of the M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor reverse amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotor activity in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2008 Dec; 327 (3) : 941-53. ) , to enhance learning and memory (Gould et al., Cognitive enhancement and antipsychotic-like activity following repeated dosing with the selective M4 PAM VU0467154. Neuropharmacology. 2018 Jan; 128: 492-502.; Bubser et al., Selective activation of M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors reverses MK-801-induced behavioral impairments and enhances associative learning in rodents. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2014 Oct 15; 5 (10) : 920-42. ) , to increase cumulative duration of total and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep (Gould et al., State-dependent alterations in sleep / wake architecture elicited by the M4 PAM VU0467154 -Relation to antipsychotic-like drug effects. Neuropharmacology. 2016 Mar; 102: 244-53. ) , to suppress craving for cocaine and cocaine intake (Thomsen et al., Effects of acute and repeated administration of the selective M4 PAM VU0152099 on cocaine versus food choice in male rats. Addict Biol. 2022 Mar; 27 (2) : e13145. ) , and to ameliorate L-DOPA induced dyskinesia (Shen et al., M4 Muscarinic Receptor Signaling Ameliorates Striatal Plasticity Deficits in Models of L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia. Neuron. 2015 Nov 18; 88 (4) : 762-73. ) as well as motor deficits associated with Huntington’s disease (Pancani et al., Allosteric activation of M4 muscarinic receptors improve behavioral and physiological alterations in early symptomatic YAC128 mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Nov 10; 112 (45) : 14078-83. ) .Accordingly, there is a need in the art to develop more compounds which are capable of modulating muscarinic receptors, in particular, M4 receptor.SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSUREThe present disclosure provides compounds which are capable of modulating M4 receptors, the pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and the use of such compounds or pharmaceutical compositions for treatment of a disease or medical condition via modulation of M4 receptor and / or M4 receptor-related cellular processes.In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound having a Formula (I) :or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,whereineach R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, alkoxyl, alkylthio, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, -N (Ra) (Rb) , -N (Ra) C (=O) (Ra) , -C (=O) N (Ra) (Rb) , -O-C (=O) -N (Ra) (Rb) , -C (=O) Ra, and -C (=O) ORa, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, alkoxyl, alkylthio, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and cycloalkyl are independently optionally substituted with one or more Rc;n1 is 0, 1, 2 or 3;each R2 is independently selected from deuterium, cyano, or alkyl optionally substituted with one or more Rc;n2 is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;ring A is selected fromwherein *end of ring A is connected to Y;X is selected from CH or N;m is 0, 1 or 2;q is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;each R5 is independently selected from deuterium, halogen, alkyl or alkoxyl optionally substituted with one or more Rc; orone of R5 taken together with R3 and the intervening atoms therebetween form a cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one or more Rc;in each occurrence is independentlyin each occurrence is independently selected fromeach R3 is independently selected from hydrogen or alkyl;n3 is 0, 1, or 2;n4 is 0 or 1;L is selected from a bond, -O-, -S-, -N (Ra) -, i is 0, 1 or 2;j is 1, 2 or 3;k is 0, 1 or 2;ring B is selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl;each R4 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, amino, cyano, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, -N (Ra) (Rb) , -N (Ra) C (=O) (Ra) , -C (=O) N (Ra) (Rb) , -O-C (=O) -N (Ra) (Rb) , -C (=O) Ra, -ORa, and -C (=O) ORa, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl are independently optionally substituted with one or more Rc;n5 is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5;Ra and Rb at each occurrence is each independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl or cycloalkyl, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and cycloalkyl are independently optionally substituted with one or more Rc; orRa and Rb taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from deuterium, halogen, amino, cyano, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, alkoxyl, alkylthio, haloalkyl and hydroxyalkyl; andeach Rc is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, amino, cyano, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -NH (alkyl) and -N (alkyl) 2.In a further aspect, there is provided a compound having a formula selected from:or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein p is 1 or 2.In another aspect, there is provided a compound having a formula selected from:or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.In another aspect, there is provided a compound having a formula selected from:or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for treating a disease or medical condition via modulation of M4 and / or M4-related cellular processes, which comprises administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure to the subject.In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for modulating (such as activating) M4 receptors in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure to a subject in need thereof.In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides use of a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure, in the manufacture of a medicament for a disease or medical condition via modulation of M4 and / or M4-related cellular processes.In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure, for treating a disease or medical condition via modulation of M4 and / or M4-related cellular processes.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSUREReference will now be made in detail to certain embodiments of the present disclosure, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying structures and formulas. While the present disclosure will be described in conjunction with the enumerated embodiments, it will be understood that they are not intended to limit the present disclosure to those embodiments. On the contrary, the present disclosure is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents, which may be included within the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. One skilled in the art will recognize many methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein, which could be used in the practice of the present disclosure. The present disclosure is in no way limited to the methods and materials described. In the event that one or more of the incorporated references and similar materials differs from or contradicts this application, including but not limited to defined terms, term usage, described techniques, or the like, the present disclosure controls. All references, patents, patent applications cited in the present disclosure are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.It is appreciated that certain features of the present disclosure, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, can also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the present disclosure, which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, can also be provided separately or in any suitable sub-combination. It must be noted that, as used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a, ” “an, ” and “the” include plural forms of the same unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “acompound” includes a plurality of compounds.DefinitionsDefinitions of specific functional groups and chemical terms are described in more detail below. For purposes of this disclosure, the chemical elements are identified in accordance with the Periodic Table of the Elements, CAS version, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 75th Ed., inside cover, and specific functional groups are generally defined as described therein. Additionally, general principles of organic chemistry, as well as specific functional moieties and reactivity, are described in Organic Chemistry, Thomas Sorrell, 2nd Edition, University Science Books, Sausalito, 2006; Smith and March March’s Advanced Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition, John Wiley &Sons, Inc., New York, 2007; Larock, Comprehensive Organic Transformations, 3rd Edition, VCH Publishers, Inc., New York, 2018; Carruthers, Some Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis, 4th Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2004; the entire contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference.At various places in the present disclosure, linking substituents are described. It is specifically intended that each linking substituent includes both the forward and backward forms of the linking substituent. For example, -NR (CR’ R” ) -includes both -NR (CR’ R” ) -and - (CR’ R” ) NR-. Where the structure clearly requires a linking group, the Markush variables listed for that group are understood to be linking groups. For example, if the structure requires a linking group and the Markush group definition for that variable lists “alkyl” , then it is understood that the “alkyl” represents a linking alkylene group.When a bond to a substituent is shown to cross a bond connecting two atoms in a ring, then such substituent may be bonded to any atom in the ring. When a substituent is listed without indicating the atom via which such substituent is bonded to the rest of the compound of a given formula, then such substituent may be bonded via any atom in such formula. Combinations of substituents and / or variables are permissible, but only if such combinations result in stable compounds.When any variable (e.g., Ri) occurs more than one time in any constituent or formula for a compound, its definition at each occurrence is independent of its definition at every other occurrence. Thus, for example, if a group is shown to be substituted with 0-2 Ri moieties, then the group may optionally be substituted with up to two Ri moieties and Ri at each occurrence is selected independently from the definition of Ri. Also, combinations of substituents and / or variables are permissible, but only if such combinations result in stable compounds.As used herein, the term “Ci-j” indicates a range of the carbon atoms numbers, wherein i and j are integers and the range of the carbon atoms numbers includes the endpoints (i.e., i and j) and each integer point in between, and wherein j is greater than i. For examples, C1-6 indicates a range of one to six carbon atoms, including one carbon atom, two carbon atoms, three carbon atoms, four carbon atoms, five carbon atoms and six carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the term “C1-12” indicates 1 to 12, particularly 1 to 10, particularly 1 to 8, particularly 1 to 6, particularly 1 to 5, particularly 1 to 4, particularly 1 to 3 or particularly 1 to 2 carbon atoms.As used herein, the term “alkyl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to a saturated linear or branched-chain hydrocarbon radical, which may be optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents described herein. The term “Ci-j alkyl” refers to an alkyl having i to j carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkyl groups contain 1 to 10 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkyl groups contain 1 to 9 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkyl groups contain 1 to 8 carbon atoms, 1 to 7 carbon atoms, 1 to 6 carbon atoms, 1 to 5 carbon atoms, 1 to 4 carbon atoms, 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or 1 to 2 carbon atoms. Examples of “C1-10 alkyl” include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, and decyl. Examples of “C1-6 alkyl” are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl, 2-methyl-2-butyl, 3-methyl-2-butyl, 3-methyl-1-butyl, 2-methyl-1-butyl, 1-hexyl, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, 2-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-2-pentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-3-pentyl, 2-methyl-3-pentyl, 2, 3-dimethyl-2-butyl, 3, 3-dimethyl-2-butyl, and the like. In some embodiments, alkyl groups contain 9 to 30 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkyl groups contain 9 to 28 carbon atoms, 9 to 26 carbon atoms, 9 to 24 carbon atoms, 10 to 28 carbon atoms, 10 to 26 carbon atoms, 10 to 24 carbon atoms, 12 to 28 carbon atoms, 12 to 26 carbon atoms, 12 to 24 carbon atoms, 14 to 28 carbon atoms, 14 to 26 carbon atoms, 14 to 24 carbon atoms, 14 to 22 carbon atoms, 14 to 20 carbon atoms, 14 to 18 carbon atoms, 14 to 16 carbon atoms, 16 to 22 carbon atoms, 16 to 20 carbon atoms, 16 to 18 carbon atoms, 18 to 22 carbon atoms, 18 to 20 carbon atoms, or 20 to 22 carbon atoms.As used herein, the term “alkylthio” , refers to an alkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a sulfur atom (-S-alkyl) . In some embodiments, alkylthio groups contain 1 to 10 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkylthio groups contain 1 to 9 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkylthio groups contain 1 to 8 carbon atoms, 1 to 7 carbon atoms, 1 to 6 carbon atoms, 1 to 5 carbon atoms, 1 to 4 carbon atoms, 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or 1 to 2 carbon atoms. Example of alkylthio group include, but are not limited to, methylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, and the like.As used herein, the term “alkenyl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to linear or branched-chain hydrocarbon radical having at least one carbon-carbon double bond, which may be optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents described herein. Alkenyl includes radicals having “cis” and “trans” orientations, or alternatively, “E” and “Z” orientations. In some embodiments, alkenyl groups contain 2 to 12 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkenyl groups contain 2 to 11 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkenyl groups contain 2 to 11 carbon atoms, 2 to 10 carbon atoms, 2 to 9 carbon atoms, 2 to 8 carbon atoms, 2 to 7 carbon atoms, 2 to 6 carbon atoms, 2 to 5 carbon atoms, 2 to 4 carbon atoms, 2 to 3 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkenyl groups contain 9 to 30 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkenyl groups contain 9 to 28 carbon atoms, 9 to 26 carbon atoms, 9 to 24 carbon atoms, 10 to 28 carbon atoms, 10 to 26 carbon atoms, 10 to 24 carbon atoms, 12 to 28 carbon atoms, 12 to 26 carbon atoms, 12 to 24 carbon atoms, 14 to 28 carbon atoms, 14 to 26 carbon atoms, 14 to 24 carbon atoms, 14 to 22 carbon atoms, 14 to 20 carbon atoms, 14 to 18 carbon atoms, 14 to 16 carbon atoms, 16 to 22 carbon atoms, 16 to 20 carbon atoms, 16 to 18 carbon atoms, 18 to 22 carbon atoms, 18 to 20 carbon atoms, or 20 to 22 carbon atoms. Examples of alkenyl group include, but are not limited to, ethylenyl (or vinyl) , propenyl (allyl) , butenyl, pentenyl, 1-methyl-2 buten-1-yl, 5-hexenyl, and the like.As used herein, the term “alkoxyl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to an alkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom (-O-alkyl) . In some embodiments, alkoxyl groups contain 1 to 10 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkoxyl groups contain 1 to 9 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkoxyl groups contain 1 to 8 carbon atoms, 1 to 7 carbon atoms, 1 to 6 carbon atoms, 1 to 5 carbon atoms, 1 to 4 carbon atoms, 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or 1 to 2 carbon atoms. Example of alkoxyl group include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, and the like.As used herein, the term “alkynyl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to a linear or branched-chain hydrocarbon radical having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond, which may be optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents described herein. In some embodiments, alkenyl groups contain 2 to 12 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkynyl groups contain 2 to 11 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkynyl groups contain 2 to 11 carbon atoms, 2 to 10 carbon atoms, 2 to 9 carbon atoms, 2 to 8 carbon atoms, 2 to 7 carbon atoms, 2 to 6 carbon atoms, 2 to 5 carbon atoms, 2 to 4 carbon atoms, 2 to 3 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkynyl groups contain 9 to 30 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkynyl groups contain 9 to 28 carbon atoms, 9 to 26 carbon atoms, 9 to 24 carbon atoms, 10 to 28 carbon atoms, 10 to 26 carbon atoms, 10 to 24 carbon atoms, 12 to 28 carbon atoms, 12 to 26 carbon atoms, 12 to 24 carbon atoms, 14 to 28 carbon atoms, 14 to 26 carbon atoms, 14 to 24 carbon atoms, 14 to 22 carbon atoms, 14 to 20 carbon atoms, 14 to 18 carbon atoms, 14 to 16 carbon atoms, 16 to 22 carbon atoms, 16 to 20 carbon atoms, 16 to 18 carbon atoms, 18 to 22 carbon atoms, 18 to 20 carbon atoms, or 20 to 22 carbon atoms. Examples of alkynyl group include, but are not limited to, ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl, and the like.As used herein, the term “amino” refers to -NH2 group. Amino groups may also be substituted with one or more groups such as alkyl, aryl, carbonyl or other amino groups.As used herein, the term “aryl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to a radical derived from a hydrocarbon ring system comprising 6 to 30 carbon atoms and at least one aromatic ring. The aryl group may be a monocyclic or polycyclic (including but not limited to, bicyclic, tricyclic, or tetracyclic) ring system. In the case of the polycyclic ring system, it may include fused or spiro ring system. For example, a polycyclic aryl may comprise an aromatic ring fused to one or more additional rings such as cycloalkyl (which may be a spiro cycloalkyl) or aryl ring. In some embodiments, the aryl is a C6-C12 aryl. In some embodiments, the aryl is a C6-C11 aryl. In some embodiments, the aryl is C6-C10 aryl. In some embodiments, the aryl is a C6-C9 aryl. In some embodiments, the aryl is a C6-C8 aryl. Aryl includes, but are not limited to, aryl groups derived from the hydrocarbon ring systems of anthrylene, naphthylene, phenanthrylene, anthracene, azulene, benzene, chrysene, fluoranthene, fluorene, as-indacene, s-indacene, indane, indene, naphthalene, phenalene, phenanthrene, pleiadene, pyrene, and triphenylene. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an aryl may be optionally substituted at one or more ring positions with substituents as described herein.As used herein, the term “cycloalkyl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to a partially or fully saturated, monocyclic, or polycyclic carbocyclic ring. In the case of polycyclic carbocyclic ring system, it may include fused (for example, fused with another cycloalkyl ring) , spiro, or bridged ring systems. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is fully saturated. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is partially saturated. Representative cycloalkyls include, but are not limited to, cycloalkyls having from three to fifteen carbon atoms (C3-C15 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C3-C15 cycloalkenyl) , from three to ten carbon atoms (C3-C10 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C3-C10 cycloalkenyl) , from three to eight carbon atoms (C3-C8 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C3-C8 cycloalkenyl) , from three to six carbon atoms (C3-C6 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkenyl) , from three to five carbon atoms (C3-C5 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C3-C5 cycloalkenyl) , or three to four carbon atoms (C3-C4 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C3-C4 cycloalkenyl) . In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is a 3-to 12-membered cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is a 3-to 10-membered cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is a 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is a 5-to 6-membered cycloalkyl. Monocyclic cycloalkyls include, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl. Polycyclic cycloalkyls include, for example, adamantyl, norbornyl, decalinyl, bicyclo [3.3.0] octane, bicyclo [4.3.0] nonane, cis-decalin, trans-decalin, bicyclo [2.1.1] hexane, bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, bicyclo [2.2.2] octane, bicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, and bicyclo [3.3.2] decane, and 7, 7-dimethyl-bicyclo [2.2.1] heptanyl. Partially saturated cycloalkyls include, for example cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, and cyclooctenyl. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a cycloalkyl is optionally substituted at one or more ring positions with substituents as described herein.As used herein, the term “cyano” refers to -CN.As used herein, the term “halogen” refers to an atom selected from fluorine (or fluoro) , chlorine (or chloro) , bromine (or bromo) and iodine (or iodo) .As used herein, the term “haloalkyl” refers to an alkyl substituted with one or more halogens. In some embodiments, the haloalkyl may contain 1 to 6 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the haloalkyl may contain 1 to 4 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the haloalkyl may contain 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Examples of haloalkyl include, but not limited to, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, fluoromethyl, chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, dibromomethyl, tribromomethyl and tetrafluoroethyl.As used herein, the term “heteroatom” refers to nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus or silicon, and includes any oxidized form of nitrogen or sulfur, and any quaternized form of a basic nitrogen (including N-oxides) .As used herein, the term “heteroalkyl” refers to an alkyl, at least one of the carbon atoms of which is replaced with a heteroatom selected from N, O, or S. The heteroalkyl may be a carbon radical or heteroatom radical (i.e., the heteroatom may appear in the middle or at the end of the radical) , and may be optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents described herein. The term “heteroalkyl” encompasses alkoxyl and heteroalkoxy radicals.As used herein, the term “heteroalkenyl” refers to an alkenyl, at least one of the carbon atoms of which is replaced with a heteroatom selected from N, O, or S. The heteroalkenyl may be a carbon radical or heteroatom radical (i.e., the heteroatom may appear in the middle or at the end of the radical) , and may be optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents described herein.As used herein, the term “heteroalkynyl” refers to an alkynyl, at least one of the carbon atoms of which is replaced with a heteroatom selected from N, O, or S. The heteroalkynyl may be a carbon radical or heteroatom radical (i.e., the heteroatom may appear in the middle or at the end of the radical) , and may be optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents described herein.As used herein, the term “heteroaryl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to an aromatic ring having, in addition to carbon atoms, one or more heteroatoms which may be optionally oxidized or quaternized. The heteroaryl radical may be a monocyclic or polycyclic (including but not limited to, bicyclic, tricyclic, or tetracyclic) ring system. In the case of the polycyclic ring system, it may include fused or spiro ring system. For example, a polycyclic heteroaryl may comprise a heteroaryl ring fused to one or more additional rings such as cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl or heteroaryl ring, or an aryl ring fused to one or more additional rings such as heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is a 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is a 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is a 6-membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is a 5-membered heteroaryl. Examples of heteroaryl include, but are not limited to, azepinyl, acridinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzindolyl, benzodioxolyl, benzofuranyl, benzooxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, benzo [b] [1, 4] dioxepinyl, 1, 4-benzodioxanyl, benzonaphthofuranyl, benzoxazolyl, benzodioxolyl, benzodioxinyl, benzopyranyl, benzopyranonyl, benzofuranyl, benzofuranonyl, benzothienyl (benzothiophenyl) , benzotriazolyl, benzo [4, 6] imidazo [1, 2-a] pyridinyl, carbazolyl, cinnolinyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophenyl, furanyl, furanonyl, furyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, isoquinolyl, indolizinyl, isoxazolyl, naphthyridinyl, oxadiazolyl, 2-oxoazepinyl, oxazolyl, oxiranyl, 1-oxidopyridinyl, 1-oxidopyrimidinyl, 1-oxidopyrazinyl, 1-oxidopyridazinyl, 1-phenyl-1H-pyrrolyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, phthalazinyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, pyridyl, pyridyl 1-oxide, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinolinyl, quinuclidinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, triazinyl, and thiophenyl (i.e., thienyl) . Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a heteroaryl may be optionally substituted at one or more ring positions with substituents as described herein.As used herein, the term “heterocyclyl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to a 3-to 24-membered partially or fully saturated ring radical comprising 2 to 23 carbon atoms and from 1 to 8 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, silicon, and sulfur, which may be optionally oxidized or quaternized. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl is fully saturated. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl is partially unsaturated. The heterocyclyl group may be a monocyclic or polycyclic (including but not limited to, bicyclic, tricyclic, or tetracyclic) ring system. In the case of the polycyclic ring system, it may include fused, spiro, or bridged ring systems. For example, a polycyclic heterocyclyl may comprise a heterocyclyl ring fused to one or more additional rings such as cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl ring, or a cycloalkyl ring fused to one or more heterocyclyl ring. Examples of heterocyclyl radicals include, but are not limited to, aziridinyl, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, dioxolanyl, dihydrofuryl, thienyl [1, 3] dithianyl, decahydroisoquinolyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, morpholinyl, octahydroindolyl, octahydroisoindolyl, 2-oxopiperazinyl, 2-oxopiperidinyl, 2-oxopyrrolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, 4-piperidonyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, quinuclidinyl, thiazolidinyl, tetrahydrofuryl, trithianyl, tetrahydropyranyl, thiomorpholinyl, thiamorpholinyl, 1-oxo-thiomorpholinyl, 1, 1-dioxo-thiomorpholinyl, 1, 3-dihydroisobenzofuran-1-yl, 3-oxo-1, 3-dihydroisobenzofuran-1-yl, methyl-2-oxo-1, 3-dioxol-4-yl, and 2-oxo-1, 3-dioxol-4-yl. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a heterocyclyl may be optionally substituted at one or more ring positions with substituents as described herein.As used herein, the term “hydroxyl” refers to -OH.As used herein, the term “hydroxyalkyl” refers to -alkyl-OH.As used herein, the term “partially saturated” or “partially unsaturated” refers to a radical that includes at least one double or triple bond. The term “partially saturated” or “partially unsaturated” is intended to encompass rings having multiple sites of unsaturation, but is not intended to include aromatic (i.e., fully unsaturated) moieties.As used herein, the term “substituted” , whether preceded by the term “optionally” or not, means that one or more hydrogens of the designated moiety are replaced with a suitable substituent. Typical substituents include, but are not limited to, the functional groups as described herein, such as halogen, hydroxyl, amino, cyano, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and the like, each of which may also be similarly substituted. It will be understood that “substitution” or “substituted with” includes the implicit proviso that such substitution is in accordance with permitted valence of the substituted atom and that the substitution results in a stable or chemically feasible compound, e.g., which does not spontaneously undergo transformation such as by rearrangement, cyclization, elimination, etc. Unless otherwise indicated, when the term “substituted” is used in conjunction with groups such as alkylaryl, which have two or more moieties capable of substitution, the substituents can be attached to the aryl moiety, the alkyl moiety, or both. Unless otherwise indicated, an “optionally substituted” group may have a suitable substituent at each substitutable position of the group, and when more than one position in any given structure may be substituted with more than one substituent selected from a specified group, the substituent may be either the same or different at every position. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that substituents can themselves be substituted, if appropriate. Unless specifically stated as “unsubstituted” , references to chemical moieties herein are understood to include substituted variants. For example, reference to an “aryl” group or moiety implicitly includes both substituted and unsubstituted variants.CompoundsThe present disclosure provides novel compounds of Formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, synthetic methods for making the compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and various uses of the disclosed compounds.In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound having Formula (I) :or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,whereineach R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, alkoxyl, alkylthio, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl cycloalkyl, -N (Ra) (Rb) , -N (Ra) C (=O) (Ra) , -C (=O) N (Ra) (Rb) , -O-C (=O) -N (Ra) (Rb) , -C (=O) Ra, and -C (=O) ORa, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, alkoxyl, alkylthio, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and cycloalkyl are independently optionally substituted with one or more Rc;n1 is 0, 1, 2 or 3;each R2 is independently selected from deuterium, cyano, or alkyl optionally substituted with one or more Rc;n2 is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;ring A is selected fromwherein *end of ring A is connected to Y;X is selected from CH or N;m is 0, 1 or 2;q is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;each R5 is independently selected from deuterium, halogen, alkyl or alkoxyl optionally substituted with one or more Rc; orone of R5 taken together with R3 and the intervening atoms therebetween form a cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one or more Rc;in each occurrence is independentlyin each occurrence is independently selected fromeach R3 is independently selected from hydrogen or alkyl;n3 is 0, 1, or 2;n4 is 0 or 1;L is selected from a bond, -O-, -S-, -N (Ra) -, i is 0, 1 or 2;j is 1, 2 or 3;k is 0, 1 or 2;ring B is selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl;each R4 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, amino, cyano, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, -N (Ra) (Rb) , -N (Ra) C (=O) (Ra) , -C (=O) N (Ra) (Rb) , -O-C (=O) -N (Ra) (Rb) , -C (=O) Ra, -ORa, and -C (=O) ORa, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl are independently optionally substituted with one or more Rc;n5 is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5;Ra and Rb at each occurrence are each independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl or cycloalkyl, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and cycloalkyl are independently optionally substituted with one or more Rc; orRa and Rb taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from deuterium, halogen, amino, cyano, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, alkoxyl, alkylthio, haloalkyl and hydroxyalkyl; andeach Rc is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, amino, cyano, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -NH (alkyl) and -N (alkyl) 2.In some embodiments, each R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, cyano, and alkyl (such as C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl or C1-2 alkyl) , wherein the alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more Rc.In certain embodiments, each R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, -CH3 and -CD3.In some embodiments, n1 is 1, 2 or 3.In some embodiments, n1 is 1. In some embodiments, n1 is 1 and R1 is alkyl (such as C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl or C1-2 alkyl) . In some embodiments, n1 is 1 and R1 is -CH3.In some embodiments, n1 is 2. In some embodiments, n1 is 2 and each R1 is independently halogen, cyano or alkyl (such as C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl or C1-2 alkyl) . In some embodiments, n1 is 2 and one R1 is halogen or cyano, the other is alkyl (such as C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl or C1-2 alkyl) . In some embodiments, n1 is 2 and one R1 is halogen or cyano, the other is -CH3.In some embodiments, n1 is 3. In some embodiments, n1 is 3 and each R1 is independently halogen, cyano or alkyl (such as C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl or C1-2 alkyl) . In some embodiments, n1 is 3 and one R1 is halogen or cyano, the other two are alkyl (such as C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl or C1-2 alkyl) . In some embodiments, n1 is 3 and one R1 is halogen or cyano, the other two are -CH3.In some embodiments, n2 is 0.In some embodiments, n2 is 1. In certain embodiments, n2 is 1 and R2 is alkyl (such as C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl or C1-2 alkyl) . In certain embodiments, n2 is 1 and R2 is -CH3.In some embodiments, ring A isIn certain embodiments, ring A isand X is N. In certain embodiments, X is N, and m is 1. In certain embodiments, q is 0.In certain embodiments, ring A isand X is CH. In certain embodiments, X is CH, and m is 0. In certain embodiments, q is 0. In certain embodiments, n3 and n4 are 0.In some embodiments, ring A isX is CH, and m is 2. In certain embodiments, q is 0. In certain embodiments, n3 and n4 are 0.In some embodiments, ring A isX is CH, and m is 1.In some embodiments, ring A isX is CH, m is 1, and each R5 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, alkyl (such as C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl or C1-2 alkyl) and alkoxyl (such as C1-6 alkoxyl, C1-5 alkoxyl, C1-4 alkoxyl, C1-3 alkoxyl or C1-2 alkoxyl) .In some embodiments, ring A is selected from the group consisting of:In some embodiments, n3 and n4 are 0.In some embodiments, n3 is 1 or 2, n4 is 0 or 1, and one of R5 taken together with R3 and the intervening atoms therebetween form a cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one or more Rc.In some embodiments, ring A isX is N or CH, n3 is 1 or 2, n4 is 0 or 1, and one of R5 taken together with R3 and the intervening atoms therebetween form a cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one or more Rc.In some embodiments, is -CH2CH (R3) -, -CH2N (R3) -, -CH2CH2CH (R3) -, or -CH2CH2N (R3) -.In some embodiments, is selected fromwherein **end is connected to L.In some embodiments, ring A isIn certain embodiments, ring A isIn some embodiments, ring A isn3 is 0, and n4 is 0.In certain embodiments, ring A isn3 is 0, and n4 is 0.In some embodiments, ring A isIn certain embodiments, ring A isIn certain embodiments, n3 is 0, and n4 is 0.In some embodiments, L is -O-.In some embodiments, L is a bond.In some embodiments, L isIn certain embodiments, L is -CH2-, -CH2CH2-or -CH2CH2CH2-.In some embodiments, L isIn certain embodiments, L is -OCH2-, -CH2O-, -OCH2CH2-, -CH2OCH2-or -CH2CH2O-.In some embodiments, L is -N (Ra) -orIn certain embodiments, L is -NH-, -N (CH3) -, -NHCH2-, -CH2NH-, -NHCH2CH2-, -CH2NHCH2-or -CH2CH2NH-.In some embodiments, ring B is heteroaryl, such as 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 11-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 9-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 8-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 7-membered heteroaryl, or 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl.In certain embodiments, ring B is selected from pyrazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiazolyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, imidazolyl, pyrimidinyl, triazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, dihydropyrrolopyrazolyl, pyrazinyl, indazolyl, pyrazolo [3, 4-b] pyridinyl, . 2, 3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo [2, 3-b] pyridinyl, 2, 3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo [2, 3-c] pyridinyl, 2, 3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo [3, 2-c] pyridinyl, 2, 3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo [3, 2-b] pyridinyl, 1H-benzo [d] imidazolyl, or imidazo [1, 2-a] pyridinyl.In certain embodiments, each R4 is independently selected from the group consisting of cyano, halogen, alkyl (such as C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl or C1-2 alkyl) , haloalkyl (such as C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-5 haloalkyl, C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-3 haloalkyl or C1-2 haloalkyl) , alkoxyl (such as C1-6 alkoxyl, C1-5 alkoxyl, C1-4 alkoxyl, C1-3 alkoxyl or C1-2 alkoxyl) , cycloalkyl (such as C3-12 cycloalkyl, C3-11 cycloalkyl, C3-10 cycloalkyl, C3-9 cycloalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C3-5 cycloalkyl, or C3-4 cycloalkyl) , heterocyclyl (such as 5-to 12-membered heterocyclyl, 5-to 11-membered heterocyclyl, 5-to 10-membered heterocyclyl, 5-to 9-membered heterocyclyl, 5-to 8-membered heterocyclyl, 5-to 7-membered heterocyclyl, or 5-to 6-membered heterocyclyl) and -ORa, wherein the alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl are independently optionally substituted with one or more Rc.In some embodiments, Ra is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, or cycloalkyl, wherein the alkyl and cycloalkyl are independently optionally substituted with one or more Rc.In certain embodiments, each Rc is independently selected from deuterium, halogen, alkoxyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -NH (alkyl) or -N (alkyl) 2.In certain embodiments, each R4 is independently selected from -CN, -F, -Cl, -CH3, -CD3, -CF3, -CF2H, -CH2CH3, -CD2CD3, -OCH3, -OCF2H, -CH2OCH3, -CH2-cyclopropyl, -O-cyclopropyl, -CH2-phenyl, -CH2CH2N (CH3) 2, cyclopropyl, oxetanyl, tetrahydropyanyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, or piperidinyl.In some embodiments, n4 is 0, 1 or 2.In some embodiments, is selected from the group consisting of:In a further aspect, there is provided a compound having a formula selected from:or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein p is 1 or 2.In some embodiments, the compound has a formula selected from:or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.In some embodiments, the compound has a formula selected from:or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.In certain embodiments, each R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, alkyl (such as C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl or C1-2 alkyl) and deuterium substituted alkyl.In certain embodiments, L is a bond, O or -CH2-.In certain embodiments, ring B is heteroaryl, such as 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 11-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 9-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 8-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 7-membered heteroaryl, or 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl.In certain embodiments, each R4 is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkyl (such as C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl or C1-2 alkyl) , haloalkyl (such as C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-5 haloalkyl, C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-3 haloalkyl or C1-2 haloalkyl) , alkoxyl (such as C1-6 alkoxyl, C1-5 alkoxyl, C1-4 alkoxyl, C1-3 alkoxyl or C1-2 alkoxyl) , cycloalkyl (such as C3-12 cycloalkyl, C3-11 cycloalkyl, C3-10 cycloalkyl, C3-9 cycloalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C3-5 cycloalkyl, or C3-4 cycloalkyl) , and heterocyclyl (such as 5-to 12-membered heterocyclyl, 5-to 11-membered heterocyclyl, 5-to 10-membered heterocyclyl, 5-to 9-membered heterocyclyl, 5-to 8-membered heterocyclyl, 5-to 7-membered heterocyclyl, or 5-to 6-membered heterocyclyl) , wherein the alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl are independently optionally substituted with one or more Rc, and each Rc is independently selected from deuterium, halogen, alkoxyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -NH (alkyl) or -N (alkyl) 2.In some embodiments, the compound has a formula (Id-1) :or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, whereinL is a bond;each R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, C1-4 alkyl optionally substituted with deuterium, C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-4 hydroxyalkyl or - (C1-4 alkyl) (C1-4 alkoxyl) ;each R4 is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 haloalkyl or C1-4 alkoxyl, each optionally substituted with deuterium;ring B is a 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl;n1 is 0, 1, 2 or 3; andn5 is 0, 1, 2 or 3.In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound selected from Table 1 or Table 2.TABLE 1 Exemplary CompoundTABLE 2 Exemplary CompoundCompounds provided herein are described with reference to both generic formulae and specific compounds. In addition, compounds of the present disclosure may exist in a number of different forms or derivatives, all within the scope of the present disclosure. These include, for example, tautomers, stereoisomers, racemic mixtures, regioisomers, salts, solvated forms, amorphous forms, different crystal forms or polymorphs.The compounds of present disclosure can comprise one or more asymmetric centers depending on substituent selection, and thus can exist in various stereoisomeric forms, e.g., enantiomers and / or diastereomers. As used herein, the term “enantiomer” refers to two stereoisomers of a compound which are non-superimposable mirror images of one another. The term “diastereomer” refers to a pair of optical isomers which are not mirror images of one another. The carbon-carbon bonds of the compounds provided may be depicted herein using a solid line a wedged bond a hashed wedged bond abold bond or a hashed bond The use of a solid line to depict bonds to asymmetric carbon atoms is meant to indicate that all possible stereoisomers (e.g., specific enantiomers, racemic mixtures, etc. ) at that carbon atom are included. The wedged bond has the same meaning as the bold bond, and the hashed wedged bond has the same meaning as the hashed bond. The compounds of the present disclosure may be in the form of an individual enantiomer, diastereomer or geometric isomer, or may be in the form of a mixture of stereoisomers.The compounds of the present disclosure may also exist in different tautomeric forms, and all such forms are embraced within the scope of the present disclosure. The term “tautomer” or “tautomeric form” refers to structural isomers of different energies which are interconvertible via a low energy barrier. For example, proton tautomers (also known as prototropic tautomers) include interconversions via migration of a proton, such as keto-enol, amide-imidic acid, lactam-lactim, imine-enamine isomerizations and annular forms where a proton can occupy two or more positions of a heterocyclic system (for example, 1H-and 3H-imidazole, 1H-, 2H-and 4H-1, 2, 4-triazole, 1H-and 2H-isoindole, and 1H-and 2H-pyrazole) . Valence tautomers include interconversions by reorganization of some of the bonding electrons. Tautomers can be in equilibrium or sterically locked into one form by appropriate substitution. Compounds of the present disclosure identified by name or structure as one particular tautomeric form are intended to include other tautomeric forms unless otherwise specified.The present disclosure is also intended to include all isotope-labeled forms of the compounds. Isotopes of an atom include atoms having the same atomic number but different mass numbers. For example, unless otherwise specified, hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, sulfur, fluorine, chlorine, bromide or iodine in the compounds of present disclosure are meant to also include their isotopes, such as but not limited to 1H, 2H, 3H, 11C, 12C, 13C, 14C, 14N, 15N, 16O, 17O, 18O, 31P, 32P, 32S, 33S, 34S, 36S, 17F, 18F, 19F, 35Cl, 37Cl, 79Br, 81Br, 124I, 127I and 131I. Isotopically-enriched compounds of Formula (I) or Formula (II) can be prepared without undue experimentation by conventional techniques well known to those skilled in the art or by processes analogous to those described in the Schemes and Examples herein using appropriate isotopically-enriched reagents and / or intermediates.In some embodiments, the present disclosure includes compounds wherein one or more hydrogens attached to a carbon atom is / are replaced by deuterium. Such compounds exhibit increased resistance to metabolism and are thus useful for increasing the half-life of the compounds when administered to a subject, such as mammal, particularly a human. See, for example, Foster, “Deuterium Isotope Effects in Studies of Drug Metabolism” , Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 5 (12) : 524-527 (1984) . In view of the present disclosure, such compounds are synthesized by means known in the art, for example by employing starting materials in which one or more hydrogens have been replaced by deuterium.Also falling within the scope herein are the in vivo metabolic products of the compounds described herein, to the extent such products are novel and unobvious over the prior art. Such products may result for example from the oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, amidation, esterification and the like of the administered compound, primarily due to enzymatic processes. Accordingly, included are novel and unobvious compounds produced by a process comprising contacting a compound with a mammal for a period of time sufficient to yield a metabolic product thereof.Compounds of the present disclosure can be formulated as or be in the form of pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Unless specified to the contrary, a compound provided herein includes pharmaceutically acceptable salts of such compound.As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable” indicates that the substance or composition is compatible chemically and / or toxicologically, with the other ingredients comprising a formulation, and / or the subjects being treated therewith.As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” , unless otherwise indicated, includes salts that retain the biological effectiveness of the free acids and bases of the specified compound and that are not biologically or otherwise undesirable. Contemplated pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms include, but are not limited to, mono, bis, tris, tetrakis, and so on. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are non-toxic in the amounts and concentrations at which they are administered. The preparation of such salts can facilitate the pharmacological use by altering the physical characteristics of a compound without preventing it from exerting its physiological effect. Useful alterations in physical properties include lowering the melting point to facilitate transmucosal administration and increasing the solubility to facilitate administering higher concentrations of the drug.Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include acid addition salts such as those containing sulfate, chloride, hydrochloride, fumarate, maleate, phosphate, sulfamate, acetate, citrate, lactate, tartrate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, cyclohexylsulfamate and quinate. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be obtained from acids such as hydrochloric acid, maleic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfamic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, malonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, cyclohexylsulfamic acid, fumaric acid, and quinic acid.Pharmaceutically acceptable salts also include basic addition salts such as those containing benzathine, chloroprocaine, choline, diethanolamine, ethanolamine, t-butylamine, ethylenediamine, meglumine, procaine, aluminum, calcium, lithium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, ammonium, alkylamine, and zinc, when acidic functional groups, such as carboxylic acid or phenol are present. For example, see Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 19thed., Mack Publishing Co., Easton, PA, Vol. 2, p. 1457, 1995; “Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts: Properties, Selection, and Use” by Stahl and Wermuth, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 2002. Such salts can be prepared using the appropriate corresponding bases.Pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be prepared by standard techniques. For example, the free-base form of a compound can be dissolved in a suitable solvent, such as an aqueous or aqueous-alcohol solution containing the appropriate acid and then isolated by evaporating the solution. Thus, if the particular compound is a base, the desired pharmaceutically acceptable salt may be prepared by any suitable method available in the art, for example, treatment of the free base with an inorganic acid, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and the like, or with an organic acid, such as acetic acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, mandelic acid, fumaric acid, malonic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, glycolic acid, salicylic acid, a pyranosidyl acid, such as glucuronic acid or galacturonic acid, an alpha-hydroxy acid, such as citric acid or tartaric acid, an amino acid, such as aspartic acid or glutamic acid, an aromatic acid, such as benzoic acid or cinnamic acid, a sulfonic acid, such as p-toluenesulfonic acid or ethanesulfonic acid, or the like.Similarly, if the particular compound is an acid, the desired pharmaceutically acceptable salt may be prepared by any suitable method, for example, treatment of the free acid with an inorganic or organic base, such as an amine (primary, secondary or tertiary) , an alkali metal hydroxide or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, or the like. Illustrative examples of suitable salts include organic salts derived from amino acids, such as L-glycine, L-lysine, and L-arginine, ammonia, primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, and cyclic amines, such as hydroxyethylpyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine or piperazine, and inorganic salts derived from sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, aluminum and lithium.It is also to be understood that the compounds of present disclosure can exist in unsolvated forms, solvated forms (e.g., hydrated forms) , and solid forms (e.g., crystal or polymorphic forms) , and the present disclosure is intended to encompass all such forms.As used herein, the term “solvate” or “solvated form” refers to solvent addition forms that contain either stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric amounts of solvent. Some compounds have a tendency to trap a fixed molar ratio of solvent molecules in the crystalline solid state, thus forming a solvate. If the solvent is water the solvate formed is a hydrate; and if the solvent is alcohol, the solvate formed is an alcoholate. Hydrates are formed by the combination of one or more molecules of water with one molecule of the substance in which the water retains its molecular state as H2O. Examples of solvents that form solvates include, but are not limited to, water, isopropanol, ethanol, methanol, DMSO, ethyl acetate, acetic acid, and ethanolamine.As used herein, the terms “crystal form” , “crystalline form” , “polymorphic forms” and “polymorphs” can be used interchangeably, and mean crystal structures in which a compound (or a salt or solvate thereof) can crystallize in different crystal packing arrangements, all of which have the same elemental composition. Different crystal forms usually have different X-ray diffraction patterns, infrared spectral, melting points, density hardness, crystal shape, optical and electrical properties, stability and solubility. Recrystallization solvent, rate of crystallization, storage temperature, and other factors may cause one crystal form to dominate. Crystal polymorphs of the compounds can be prepared by crystallization under different conditions.Synthesis of compoundsMethod for the preparation of the compounds or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof as described herein are also an object of the present disclosure.Synthesis of the compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, as described herein are illustrated in the synthetic schemes in the examples. The compounds provided herein can be prepared using any known organic synthesis techniques and can be synthesized according to any of numerous possible synthetic routes, and thus these schemes are illustrative only and are not meant to limit other possible methods that can be used to prepare the compounds provided herein. Additionally, the steps in the Schemes are for better illustration and can be changed as appropriate. The embodiments of the compounds in examples were synthesized for the purposes of research and potentially submission to regulatory agencies.The reactions for preparing compounds of the present disclosure can be carried out in suitable solvents, which can be readily selected by one skilled in the art of organic synthesis. Suitable solvents can be substantially non-reactive with the starting materials (reactants) , the intermediates, or products at the temperatures at which the reactions are carried out, e.g. temperatures that can range from the solvent’s freezing temperature to the solvent's boiling temperature. A given reaction can be carried out in one solvent or a mixture of more than one solvent. Depending on the particular reaction step, suitable solvents for a particular reaction step can be selected by one skilled in the art.Preparation of compounds of the present disclosure can involve the protection and deprotection of various chemical groups. The need for protection and deprotection, and the selection of appropriate protecting groups, can be readily determined by one skilled in the art. The chemistry of protecting groups can be found, for example, in T. W. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3rd Ed., Wiley &Sons, Inc., New York (1999) , in P. Kocienski, Protecting Groups, Georg Thieme Verlag, 2003, and in Peter G.M. Wuts, Greene's Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 5th Edition, Wiley, 2014, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.Reactions can be monitored according to any suitable method known in the art. For example, product formation can be monitored by spectroscopic means, such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (e.g. 1H or 13C) , infrared spectroscopy, spectrophotometry (e.g. UV-visible) , mass spectrometry, or by chromatographic methods such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) , liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LCMS) , or thin layer chromatography (TLC) . Compounds can be purified by one skilled in the art by a variety of methods, including high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) ( “Preparative LC-MS Purification: Improved Compound Specific Method Optimization” Karl F. Blom, Brian Glass, Richard Sparks, Andrew P. Combs J. Combi. Chem. 2004, 6 (6) , 874-883, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety) , and normal phase silica chromatography.If starting materials or intermediates contain stereogenic centers, compounds provided herein can be obtained as mixtures of diastereomers or enantiomers, which can be separated by methods well known in the art e.g., chiral HPLC, chiral SFC or chiral crystallization. Racemic compounds can, for example, be separated into their antipodes via diastereomeric salts by crystallization with optically pure acids or by separation of the antipodes by specific chromatographic methods using either a chiral adsorbent or a chiral eluent.The known starting materials of the present disclosure can be synthesized by using or according to the known methods in the art, or can be purchased from commercial suppliers. Unless otherwise noted, analytical grade solvents and commercially available reagents were used without further purification.For illustrative purposes, the Examples section below shows synthetic route for preparing the compounds of the present disclosure as well as key intermediates. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that other synthetic routes may be used to synthesize the inventive compounds. Although specific starting materials and reagents are depicted, other starting materials and reagents can be easily substituted to provide a variety of derivatives and / or reaction conditions. In addition, many of the compounds prepared by the methods described below can be further modified in light of this disclosure using conventional chemistry well known to those skilled in the art.Use of CompoundsIn an aspect, the present disclosure provides compounds of Formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which are capable of modulating (such as activating) M4 receptors. Thus, the compounds of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are useful as medicinal drugs, and particularly useful as therapeutic or prophylactic agent that are active against diseases or medical conditions treated via modulation of M4 and / or M4-related cellular processes.As used herein, the term “therapy” is intended to have its normal meaning of dealing with a disease in order to entirely or partially relieve one, some or all of its symptoms, or to correct or compensate for the underlying pathology, thereby achieving beneficial or desired clinical results. For purposes of this disclosure, beneficial or desired clinical results include, but are not limited to, alleviation of symptoms, diminishment of extent of disease, stabilized (i.e., not worsening) state of disease, delay or slowing of disease progression, amelioration or palliation of the disease state, and remission (whether partial or total) , whether detectable or undetectable. “Therapy” can also mean prolonging survival as compared to expected survival if not receiving it. Those in need of therapy include those already with the condition or disorder as well as those prone to have the condition or disorder or those in which the condition or disorder is to be prevented. The term “therapy” also encompasses prophylaxis unless there are specific indications to the contrary. The terms “therapeutic” and “therapeutically” should be interpreted in a corresponding manner.The term “treatment” is used synonymously with “therapy” . Similarly the term “treat” can be regarded as “applying therapy” where “therapy” is as defined herein.As used herein, the term “prophylaxis” is intended to have its normal meaning and includes primary prophylaxis to prevent the development of the disease and secondary prophylaxis whereby the disease has already developed and the patient is temporarily or permanently protected against exacerbation or worsening of the disease or the development of new symptoms associated with the disease.In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides use of the compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for treatment of diseases or medical conditions treated via modulation of M4 and / or M4-related cellular processes.In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides use of the compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure, in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a disease or medical condition via modulation of M4 and / or M4-related cellular processes.Pharmaceutical CompositionsFor the purposes of administration, in some embodiments, the compounds provided herein are administered as a raw chemical or are formulated as pharmaceutical compositions.Therefore, in a further aspect, there is provided pharmaceutical compositions comprising one or more compounds of the present disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure comprise a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure comprise a first compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and one or more additional compounds of the same formula but said first compound and additional compounds are not the same molecules.As used herein, the term “pharmaceutical composition” refers to a formulation containing the molecules or compounds of the present disclosure in a form suitable for administration to a subject.In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure comprises a therapeutically effective amount of one or more compounds of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.As used herein, the term “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount of a molecule, compound, or composition comprising the molecule or compound to treat, ameliorate, or prevent an identified disease or condition, or to exhibit a detectable therapeutic or inhibitory effect. The effect can be detected by any assay method known in the art. The precise effective amount for a subject will depend upon the subject’s body weight, size, and health; the nature and extent of the condition; the rate of administration; the therapeutic or combination of therapeutics selected for administration; and the discretion of the prescribing physician. Therapeutically effective amounts for a given situation can be determined by routine experimentation that is within the skill and judgment of the clinician.In another aspect, there is provided pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more compounds of the present disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutical acceptable excipient.As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” refers to an excipient that is useful in preparing a pharmaceutical composition that is generally safe, non-toxic and neither biologically nor otherwise undesirable, and includes excipient that is acceptable for veterinary use as well as human pharmaceutical use. A “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” as used herein includes both one and more than one such excipient. The term “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” also encompasses “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” and “pharmaceutically acceptable diluent” .In some embodiments, the compounds of the present disclosure can be administered internally, such as orally (e.g. in the form of tablets, coated tablets, dragees, hard and soft gelatine capsules, solutions, emulsions or suspensions) , nasally (e.g. in the form of nasal sprays) , rectally (e.g. in the form of suppositories) , parenterally such as intramuscularly or intravenously (e.g. in the form of injection solutions) or topically (e.g. transdermal administration, or in form of eye drops or ear drops) .
[0001] The particular excipient used will depend upon the means and purpose for which the compounds of the present disclosure is being applied. Suitable excipients for soft gelatin capsules are, for example, vegetable oils, waxes, fats, semi-solid substances and liquid polyols and the like. Suitable excipients for the production of solutions and syrups are, for example, water, alcohols, polyols, saccharose, glucose, invert sugar, vegetable oil, etc. Suitable excipients for topical ocular formulations are, for example, cyclodextrins, mannitol or many other carriers and excipients known in the art.In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure may include one or more stabilizing agents, surfactants, wetting agents, lubricating agents, emulsifiers, suspending agents, preservatives, antioxidants, opaquing agents, glidants, processing aids, colorants, sweeteners, perfuming agents, flavoring agents and other known additives to provide an elegant presentation of the drug (i.e., a compound of the present disclosure or pharmaceutical composition thereof) or aid in the manufacturing of the pharmaceutical product (i.e., medicament) .In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure can be formulated as a unit dosage form. The term “unit dosage forms” refers to physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosages for human subjects and other mammals, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active material calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect, in association with a suitable pharmaceutical excipient. The amount of the compounds provided herein in the unit dosage form will vary depending on the condition to be treated, the subject to be treated (e.g., the age, weight, and response of the individual subject) , the particular route of administration, the actual compound administered and its relative activity, and the severity of the subject's symptoms.In some embodiments, dosage levels of the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure can be between 0.001-1000 mg / kg body weight / day, for example, 0.001-1000 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.001-900 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.001-800 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.001-700 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.001-600 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.001-500 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.001-400 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.001-300 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.001-200 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.001-100 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.001-50 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.001-40 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.001-30 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.001-20 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.001-10 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.001-5 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.001-1 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.001-0.5 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.001-0.4 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.001-0.3 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.001-0.2 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.001-0.1 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.005-0.1 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.01-0.1 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.02-0.1 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.03-0.1 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.04-0.1 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.05-0.1 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.06-0.1 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.07-0.1 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.08-0.1 mg / kg body weight / day, or 0.09-0.1 mg / kg body weight / day.The compounds or the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure can be administered to subjects including mammals. Mammals can include, but are not limited to, canine, feline, bovine, caprine, equine, ovine, porcine, rodents, lagomorphs, primates, and the like, and encompass mammals in utero. In some embodiment, humans are suitable subjects. Human subjects may be of either gender and at any stage of development.Method of TreatmentIn another aspect, the present disclosure provides treating a disease or medical condition via modulation of M4 and / or M4-related cellular processes, which comprises administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of any compound described herein.In some embodiments, the disease or medical condition treated via modulation of M4 and / or M4-related cellular processes is selected from the group consisting of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) , autism, chronic or acute pain, addiction, sleep disorders, Alzheimer’s disease, Lewy body dementia, Parkinson’s disease dementia, frontotemporal dementia, Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy, mild cognitive impairment, drug-induced dyskinesia, drug-induced psychotic symptoms, progressive supranuclear palsy, Huntington's Disease, dry mouth, pulmonary hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) , asthma, ileus, intestinal obstruction, inflammatory bowel disease, urinary incontinence, urinary retention, glaucoma, ocular hypertension, skin lesions, Down Syndrome, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, Hereditary Cerebral Hemorrhage with Amyloidosis of the Dutch-Type (HCHWA-D) , Creutzfeld-Jakob disease, prion disorders, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, inclusion body myositis, other peripheral amyloidoses, diabetes, atherosclerosis, head trauma, stroke, alcoholic liver disease, pancreatitis.In certain embodiments, the disease or medical condition treated via modulation of M4 and / or M4-related cellular processes is selected from the group consisting of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, chronic or acute pain, addiction, Alzheimer's Disease, Huntington’s disease, drug-induced dyskinesia, drug-induced psychotic symptoms, inflammatory bowel disease, and skin lesions.In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for activating M4 receptors in a subject in need thereof, comprising administrating an effective amount of the compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the pharmaceutical composition provided herein to the subject.EXAMPLESFor the purpose of illustration, the following examples are included. However, it is to be understood that these examples do not limit the present disclosure and are only meant to suggest a method of practicing the present disclosure. Persons skilled in the art will recognize that the chemical reactions described may be readily adapted to prepare a number of other compounds of the present disclosure, and alternative methods for preparing the compounds of the present disclosure are deemed to be within the scope of the present disclosure. For example, the synthesis of non-exemplified compounds according to the present disclosure may be successfully performed by modifications apparent to those skilled in the art, e.g., by appropriately protecting interfering groups, by utilizing other suitable reagents and building blocks known in the art other than those described, and / or by making routine modifications of reaction conditions. Alternatively, other reactions disclosed herein or known in the art will be recognized as having applicability for preparing other compounds of the present disclosure.Abbreviations used in the synthesis of the compounds provided herein are listed below:Preparation 13-Chloro-2, 4-dimethyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine HCl salt (P4)Step 1. Synthesis of methyl 5-chloro-3-cyano-4, 6-dimethylpicolinate (P1) .TEA (20.4 mL, 146 mmol) , palladium (II) acetate (837 mg, 3.73 mmol) , and 1, 1-bis (diphenylphosphino) ferrocene (4.14 g, 7.47 mmol) were added to a solution of 2, 5-dichloro-4, 6-dimethylpyridine-3-carbonitrile (15.0 g, 74.6 mmol) in MeOH (600 mL) . Carbon monoxide was bubbled in, and the reaction mixture was heated at 70 ℃ for 24 h under 2 MPa of carbon monoxide. After the reaction completed, the mixture was cooled to rt, then filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. Silica gel chromatography (PE: EtOAc, 3: 1) afforded the title compound (14.5 g, 88%yield) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 3.94 (s, 3H) , 2.67 (d, J = 1.1 Hz, 3H) , 2.61 (d, J = 1.1 Hz, 3H) . LCMS (m / z) : 224.9 [M+H] +Step 2. Synthesis of 3-chloro-2, 4-dimethyl-5, 6-dihydro-7H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridin-7-one (P2) .Raney nickel (30.0 g) was added to a solution of P1 (14.5 g, 64.73 mmol) in MeOH (250 mL) , and the reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 18 h, under 4 MPa of hydrogen gas. The catalyst was removed via filtration, and the filter cake was washed with DCM (5 × 200 mL) , The combined filtrates were concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was triturated with MTBE (600 mL) to afford the title compound (12.5 g, 90%yield) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.94 (s, 1H) , 4.36 (s, 2H) , 2.63 (s, 3H) , 2.37 (s, 3H) . LCMS (m / z) : 197.0 [M+H] +Step 3. Synthesis of tert-butyl 3-chloro-2, 4-dimethyl-5, 7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine-6-carboxylate (P3) .To a 0 ℃ solution of P2 (12.5 g, 63.6 mmol) in THF (500 mL) was added dropwise borane-dimethyl sulfide complex (10M in dimethyl sulfide; 50.9 mL, 509 mmol) . The reaction mixture was heated to reflux for 16 h, before cooled to 0 ℃. the reaction was quenched by slow addition of MeOH (200 mL) , followed by aq. HCl solution (6M; 400 mL) , then the resulting mixture was heated to 80 ℃ for 3 h. The mixture was cooled to rt and treated with 2N aq. NaOH solution until the pH value of the solution was approximately 9-10. Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (20.8 g, 95.3 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at rt for additional 16 h. After removal of organic solvents under vacuum, the residue was diluted with saturated aq. NH4Cl solution (1 L) and extracted with EtOAc (3 × 1 L) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 × 1L) . dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Silica gel chromatography (PE: EtOAc, 20: 1) afforded the title compound (8.1 g, 47%yield) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 4.58 (d, J = 9.8 Hz, 2H) , 4.50 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H) , 2.53 (s, 3H) , 2.27 (d, J = 3.9 Hz, 3H) , 1.46 (d, J = 3.0 Hz, 6H) . LCMS (m / z) : 282.9 [M+H] +Step 4. Synthesis of 3-chloro-2, 4-dimethyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine hydrochloride salt (P4) .To a solution of P3 (4.0 g, 14.1 mmol) in 1, 4-dioxane (10 mL) was added dropwise HCl in dioxane (4 M; 20 mL, 80 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h. After the reaction completed, it was concentrated in vacuo to afford the crude title compound (2.8 g, 100%) , which was used in the next step without further purification. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.36 (s, 2H) , 4.57 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 2H) , 4.43 (t, J = 5.8 Hz, 2H) , 2.56 (s, 3H) , 2.32 (s, 3H) . LCMS (m / z) : 183.0 [M+H] +The following compounds were prepared essentially by the method of Preparation 1.Preparation 22-Chloro-4-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine HCl salt (P10) , 4-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine TFA salt (P12) , and 4-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine HCl salt (P13)Step 1. Synthesis of 2-chloro-4-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridin-5-one (P6)To a 500 mL flask was added ethyl 6-chloro-2- (chloromethyl) -4-methylpyridine-3-carboxylate (20.0 g, 80.613 mmol) in aq. ammonia (25%, 200 mL) at rt. The resulting mixture was stirred for 3h at 70 ℃. The precipitated solids were collected by filtration and washed with MeOH (3 × 50 mL) to afford the title compound (10.0 g, 54.762 mmol, 68%) . LCMS (m / z) : 183.0 [M+H] +Step 2. Synthesis of tert-butyl 2-chloro-4-methyl-5-oxo-5, 7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine-6-carboxylate (P7)To a stirred solution of P6 (5.0 g, 27.381 mmol) in DCM (50 mL) were added Boc2O (7.77 g, 35.595 mmol) and DMAP (0.33 g, 2.738 mmol) and Et3N (11.418 mL, 82.142 mmol) at rt. After the reaction was completed, the resulting mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc: DCM, 1: 10) to afford the title compound (7.0 g, 24.759 mmol, 90%) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.55 (s, 1H) , 5.76 (s, 1H) , 4.73 (s, 2H) , 2.60 (s, 3H) , 1.52 (s, 9H) . LCMS (m / z) : 283.3 [M+H] +Step 3. Synthesis of tert-butyl 2-chloro-4-methyl-5, 7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine-6-carboxylate (P8)To a solution of P7 (100 mg, 0.354 mmol) in THF (1 mL) were added DIBAL-H (1M in DCM, 569.67 mg, 2.122 mmol) and the reaction was stirred at 0 ℃ for 1 h. The reaction was quenched by the addition of Na2SO4·10H2O at 0 ℃. The resulting mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. Then NaBN3CN (66.74 mg, 1.062 mmol) and AcOH (1 mL) were added and stirred at rt for 1h. After the imine intermediate consumed completely, the reaction was quenched by ice / water. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE: EtOAc, 1: 10) to afford the title compound (54 mg, 57%) . LCMS (m / z) : 269.4 [M+H] +Step 4. Synthesis of tert-butyl 2-cyano-4-methyl-5, 7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine-6-carboxylate (P9)A solution of P8 (103.9 mg, 0.387 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was added Zn (CN) 2 (90.88 mg, 0.774 mmol) and Pd (PPh3) 4 (44.72 mg, 0.039 mmol) at rt under N2. The resulting mixture was stirred for 1 h at 120 ℃. The resulting mixture was quenched with deionized water (5 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (10 mL × 3) . The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, and purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE: EtOAc = 5: 1) to give the title compound (100 mg, 0.386 mmol, 99%) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.42 (s, 1H) , 4.75 -4.65 (m, 4H) , 2.34 (s, 3H) , 1.52 (s, 9H) . LCMS (m / z) : 259.9 [M+H] +Step 5. Synthesis of 2-chloro-4-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine hydrochloride salt (P10)A solution of P8 (200 mg, 0.744 mmol) in dioxane (2 mL) was treated with HCl (4.0 M in 1, 4-dioxane, 2 mL, 3.720 mmol) at rt. After 1 h, the resulting mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude title compound (120 mg, 0.712 mmol, 96%) , which was used in the next step directly without further purification. LCMS (m / z) : 168.9 [M+H] +Step 6. Synthesis of tert-butyl 4-methyl-5, 7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine-6-carboxylate (P11)To a solution of P8 (300 mg, 1.116 mmol) in propan-2-ol (5 mL) were added KOAc (109.56 mg, 1.116 mmol) , Pd / C (10%, 35.64 mg, 0.335 mmol) , and the reaction was stirred at rt for 4 h under a H2 balloon. The resulting mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was washed with MeOH (3 × 3 mL) . The combined filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude title compound (210 mg, 0.896 mmol, 80%) , which was used in the next step directly without further purification. LCMS (m / z) : 234.9 [M+H] +Step 7. Synthesis of 4-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine trifluoroacetate salt (P12)To a solution of P11 in DCM (1 mL) was added TFA (0.2 mL) . The reaction was stirred at rt for 1 h. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo to afford the crude title compound (100 mg, 0.745 mmol, 83%) , which was used in the next step directly without further purification. LCMS (m / z) : 135.0 [M+H] +Step 8. Synthesis of 4-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine-2-carbonitrile hydrochloride salt (P13)A solution of P9 (90 mg, 0.347 mmol) in 1, 4-dioxane (2 mL) was treated with HCl (4.0 M in 1, 4-dioxane, 1 mL) at rt. After 1 h, the resulting mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude title compound (90 mg, 0.57 mmol) , which was used in the next step directly without further purification. LCMS (m / z) : 159.9 [M+H] +Preparation 32, 4-Dimethyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine-3-carbonitrile (P15)Step 1. Synthesis of tert-butyl 3-cyano-2, 4-dimethyl-5, 7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine-6-carboxylate (P14)A solution of P3 (500 mg, 1.768 mmol) and K4 [Fe (CN) 6] (651.24 mg, 1.768 mmol) and Pd (OAc) 2 (39.69 mg, 0.177 mmol) and butyldi-1-adamantylphosphine (63.39 mg, 0.177 mmol) and Na2CO3 (56.22 mg, 0.530 mmol) in NMP (5 mL) was heated for 4h at 160 ℃ under N2 atmosphere in a microwave. The reaction was quenched with water at rt. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 × 100 mL) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 x 50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, and purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE: EtOAc, 3: 1) to afford the title compound (180 mg, 0.461 mmol, 26%) . LCMS (m / z) : 273.9 [M+H] +Step 2. Synthesis of 2, 4-dimethyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine-3-carbonitrile hydrochloride salt (P15)To a solution of P14 (160 mg, 0.585 mmol) in MeOH (2 mL) was added HCl (4.0 M in MeOH, 0.5 mL) at rt. After 1 h, the solvent was removed under vacuum to afford the crude title compound (140 mg, 0.485 mmol, 83%) . LCMS (m / z) : 173.9 [M+H] +The following compounds were prepared essentially by the method of Preparation 3.Preparation 43- (2- (Trifluoromethyl) pyridin-4-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (P19)Step 1. Synthesis of 1- (1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl) 3-methyl bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1, 3-dicarboxylate (P17) .To a solution of 3- (methoxycarbonyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (2.0 g, 11.754 mmol) in DCM (30 mL) was added 2-hydroxyisoindole-1, 3-dione (2.11 g, 12.929 mmol) , DCC (2.91 g, 14.104 mmol) and DMAP (0.29 g, 2.351 mmol) in sequence. The mixture was stirred for 2 h at rt. The precipitated solids were collected by filtration and washed with DCM (3 × 50 ml) . The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude title compound (3.4 g, 10.784 mmol, 92%) which was used in the next step directly without further purification. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.01-7.93 (m, 4H) , 3.66 (s, 3H) , 2.52 (s, 6H) . LCMS (m / z) : 348.2 [M+Na] +Step 2. Synthesis of methyl 3- (2- (trifluoromethyl) pyridin-4-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (P18)The mixture of 4-iodo-2- (trifluoromethyl) pyridine (3.0 g, 10.989 mmol) , P17 (5.20 g, 16.484 mmol) , non-activated Zn powder (5.71 g, 87.912 mmol) , and [ (bipy) 2Ni2 (μ-Cl) 2Cl2 (H2O) 2] (1.33 g, 2.198 mmol) (ref. Org. Lett. 2022, 24, 25, 8441-8446) were added in one portion to a three-necked flask. The reaction flask was evacuated and backfilled with argon gas (× 3) and then cooled to 0 ℃. A solution of TMSCl (36 μL, 0.30 mmol) in DMA (0.5 mL, 0.2 M) was cooled to 0 ℃, and then was added into the reaction mixture in one portion. The reaction was stirred at 0 ℃ for 2 h. After the starting material was consumed (LCMS) , the reaction was quenched carefully with saturated aq. NH4Cl solution, and then diluted with EtOAc (30 mL) . The solution was extracted with EtOAc (× 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (3 × 60 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, and purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE: EtOAc, 85: 15) to afford the title compound (1.2 g, 4.424 mmol, 40%) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.66 (d, J = 4.9 Hz, 1H) , 7.49 (dd, J = 1.6, 0.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.32 (dd, J = 5.0, 1.6 Hz, 1H) , 3.74 (s, 3H) , 2.40 (s, 6H) . LCMS (m / z) : 271.9 [M+H] +Step 3. Synthesis of 3- (2- (trifluoromethyl) pyridin-4-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (P19)A mixture of P18 (180 mg, 0.664 mmol) and LiOH (139.23 mg, 3.318 mmol) in THF (1 mL) and H2O (1 mL) was stirred for 1 h at rt. The mixture was acidified to pH 7 with 2M HCl. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 × 20 mL) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL) and dried over Na2SO4. After filtration, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude title compound (150 mg, 0.583 mmol, 88%) , which was used in the next step directly without further purification. LCMS (m / z) : 257.9 [M+H] +The following compounds were prepared essentially by the method of Preparation 4.Preparation 53- (1-Methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (P41)Step 1. Synthesis of methyl 3- (chlorocarbonyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (P37)A solution of 1- (methoxycarbonyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-3-carboxylic acid (3.0 g, 17.6 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) was treated with DMF (0.01 mL, 0.18 mmol) at rt. To the above mixture was added oxalyl chloride (4.5 g, 35.3 mmol) dropwise at 0 ℃. After 1 h, the resulting mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude title compound (3.3 g, 17.5 mmol, 99%) which was used in the next step directly without further purification.Step 2: Synthesis of methyl 3-acetylbicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (P38)A solution of CuI (4.0 g, 21.0 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was treated with MeLi (1.6M in Et2O, 27.34 mL, 43.741 mmol) at 0 ℃ under N2. To the above mixture was added P37 (3.2 g, 17.5 mmol) in THF (5 mL) at -78 ℃. The resulting mixture was stirred for additional 2 h at -78 ℃. After the reaction completed, the reaction was quenched by the addition of saturated aq. NH4Cl (10 mL) at rt. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 × 15 mL) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (2 × 10 mL) , dried over Na2SO4. dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated to give the crude title compound, which was used in the next step directly without further purification.Step 3: Synthesis of methyl (E) -3- (3- (dimethylamino) acryloyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (P39)A solution of P38 (2.6 g, 15.459 mmol) in NMP (5 mL) was treated with dimethyl formamide dimethyl acetal (5.5 g, 46.4 mmol) under N2. The mixture was heated to 90 ℃ for 1 h. The resulting mixture was concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE: EtOAc, 2: 1) to afford the title compound (2.1g, 9.406 mmol, 61%) . LCMS (m / z) : 224.0 [M+H] +Step 4. Synthesis of methyl 3- (1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (P40)To a solution of P39 (2.0g, 8.958 mmol) in MeOH (15 mL) was added methyl hydrazine dihydrochloride (1.1 g, 8.958 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 1h. The mixture was concentrated and purified by reversed-phase flash chromatography [column, C18 silica gel; mobile phases A: Water (0.5%NH4HCO3) , B: MeCN, 10%to 70%] to afford the title compound (600 mg, 2.909 mmol, 32%) . LCMS (m / z) : 207.0 [M+H] +Step 5. Synthesis of 3- (1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (P41)The title compound was synthesized essentially by the method of Preparation 4 Step 3 starting from P40. LCMS (m / z) : 193.0 [M+H] +.The following compounds were prepared essentially by the method of Preparation 5.a: The corresponding ester was isolated in step 4 as the minor isomer.Preparation 63- (1- (Trifluoromethyl) -1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (P50) and 3- (1- (trifluoromethyl) -1H-pyrazol-3-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (P51)Step 1. Synthesis of methyl 3- (1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (P45)The title compound was prepared essentially by the method of Preparation 5 Step 4 starting from P39 and hydrazine HCl salt. LCMS (m / z) : 193.0 [M+H] +Step 2. Synthesis of the mixture of methyl 3- (1- (bromodifluoromethyl) -1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (P46) and methyl 3- (1- (bromodifluoromethyl) -1H-pyrazol-3-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (P47)To a stirred solution of P45 (500 mg, 2.601 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added NaH (60%mineral oil, 120 mg, 3.121 mmol) at 0 ℃. After 1 h, dibromodifluoromethane (1255.30 mg, 5.983 mmol) was added at 0 ℃ and the mixture was stirred for 15 h at rt. The reaction was quenched by the addition of water (20 mL) at rt. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2 × 20 mL) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 × 20 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, and purified by reversed-phase flash chromatography [column, C18 silica gel; mobile phases A: Water (0.1%FA) , B: MeCN, 10%to 60%] to afford the title compounds as a mixture of regioisomers (200 mg, 0.623 mmol, 24%) . LCMS (m / z) 320.9 [M+H] +Step 3. Synthesis of methyl 3- (1- (trifluoromethyl) -1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (P48) and methyl 3- (1- (trifluoromethyl) -1H-pyrazol-3-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (P49)To a stirred solution of the mixture of P46 and P47 (200 mg, 0.623 mmol) in DCM (1.5 mL) was added AgBF4 (121.28 mg, 0.623 mmol) at -78 ℃ and stirred for 15 h at rt under N2 atmosphere. The reaction was quenched by the addition of water (20 mL) at rt. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2 × 20 mL) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 x 20 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, and purified by reversed-phase flash chromatography [XselectCSHTMPrep C18 5μm 30*150mm OBD; Mobile Phases A: Water (0.1%FA) , B: MeCN; Flow rate: 60 mL / min; Gradient: 33%B to 50%B in 10 min] to afford P49 (20 mg, 0.077 mmol, 25%) as the first eluate, LCMS (m / z) 261.0 [M+H] +; and P48 (30 mg, 0.115 mmol, 37%) as the second eluate; LCMS (m / z) 261.0 [M+H] +. The regiochemistry of the two isomer was confirmed by 19F-1H NOESY studies.Step 4. Synthesis of 3- (1- (trifluoromethyl) -1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (P50)The title compounds was synthesized essentially by the method of Preparation 4 Step 3 starting from P48. LCMS (m / z) : 247.0 [M+H] +Step 5. Synthesis of 3- (1- (trifluoromethyl) -1H-pyrazol-3-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (P51)The title compounds were synthesized essentially by the method of Preparation 4 Step 3 starting from P49. LCMS (m / z) : 247.0 [M+H] +Preparation 73- (4-Methoxy-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (P54) and 3- (4-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (P56)Step 1. Synthesis of methyl 3- (4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (P52)A mixture of P40 (150 mg, 0.727 mmol) , NCS (194.91 mg, 1.455 mmol) in THF (3 mL) and DMF (0.5 mL) was heated to 100 ℃ for 5 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to rt, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with saturated aq. NaHCO3 solution, extracted with EtOAc three times. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, and purified by reversed-phase flash chromatography [column, C18 silica gel; mobile phases A: Water (0.5%NH4HCO3) , B: MeCN, 0%to 60%] to afford the title compound (100 mg, 0.414 mmol, 57%) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.30 (s, 1H) , 3.85 (s, 3H) , 3.72 (s, 3H) , 2.59 (s, 6H) . LCMS (m / z) : 241.0 [M+H] +Step 2. Synthesis of methyl 3- (4-methoxy-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (P53)To a stirred solution of P52 (300 mg, 1.052 mmol) in MeOH (3 mL) were added CuI (60.11 mg, 0.316 mmol) , NaOMe (85.24 mg, 1.578 mmol) . The mixture was stirred overnight at 110 ℃. The reaction was quenched by the addition of water (20 mL) at rt. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2 × 20 mL) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 x 20 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, and purified by reversed-phase flash chromatography [column, C18 silica gel; mobile phases A: Water (0.1%TFA) , B: MeCN, 15%to 48%] to afford the title compound (50 mg, 0.212 mmol, 20%) . LCMS (m / z) 237.1 [M+H] +Step 3. Synthesis of 3- (4-methoxy-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (P54)The title compound was synthesized essentially by the method of Preparation 4 Step 3 starting from P53. LCMS (m / z) : 223.0 [M+H] +Step 4. Synthesis of methyl 3- (4-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (P55) .To a solution of P40 (350 mg, 1.697 mmol) in MeCN (8 mL) were added NaHCO3 (114 mg, 1.358 mmol) , and Selectfluor (601 mg, 1.697 mmol) , and the reaction was stirred at 65 ℃ for 16 h. The reaction was cooled to rt, diluted with saturated aqueous NH4Cl solution, and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, and purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound (150 mg, 39%yield) . LCMS (m / z) : 224.9 [M+H] +Step 5. Synthesis of 3- (4-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] -pentane-1-carboxylic acid (P56)The title compound was synthesized essentially by the method of Preparation 4 Step 3 starting from P55. LCMS (m / z) : 210.9 [M+H] +The following compounds were prepared essentially by the method of Preparation 7.a: The starting material was the methyl ester of intermediate P26.Preparation 83- (1H-Imidazol-1-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (P62)Step 1. Synthesis of methyl 3-aminobicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate hydrochloride salt (P60)To a stirred solution of methyl 3- ( (tert-butoxycarbonyl) amino) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (1.5 g, 6.217 mmol) in DCM (15 mL) was added and HCl (4 M in dioxane, 1.2 mL) . The mixture was stirred for 1 h at rt. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude title compound (800 mg, 5.667 mmol, 91%) , which was used in the next step directly without further purification. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.10 -9.04 (m, 2H) , 3.63 (s, 3H) , 2.24 (s, 6H) . LCMS (m / z) : 142.2 [M+H] +Step 2. Synthesis of methyl 3- (1H-imidazol-1-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (P61)A solution of P60 (800 mg, 5.667 mmol) , glyoxal (361.8 mg, 6.234 mmol) , formaldehyde (0.230 mL, 6.234 mmol) , ammonium acetate (480.49 mg, 6.234 mmol) in MeOH (2 mL) was stirred overnight at rt. The reaction was quenched with addition of aq. NaHCO3 solution. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 × 20 mL) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (3 × 15 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, and purified by reversed-phase flash chromatography [column, C18 silica gel; mobile phases A: Water (0.5%NH4HCO3) , B: MeCN, 5%to 20%] to afford the title compound (600 mg, 3.121 mmol, 55%) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.70 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 1H) , 7.24 (t, J = 1.3 Hz, 1H) , 6.93 (t, J = 1.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.66 (s, 4H) , 2.48 (s, 7H) . LCMS (m / z) : 193.1 [M+1] +Step 3. Synthesis of 3- (1H-imidazol-1-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (P62)The compound was synthesized essentially by the method of Preparation 4 Step 3 starting from P61. LCMS (m / z) : 179.3 [M+H] +Preparation 9(1r, 3r) -3- (pyridin-4-yl) cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (P67) and (1s, 3s) -3- (Pyridin-4-yl) cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (P68)Step 1. Synthesis of methyl 3-hydroxy-3- (pyridin-4-yl) cyclobutane-1-carboxylate (P63)To a solution of 4-iodopyridine (2000 mg, 9.756 mmol) in THF (50 mL) was added n-BuLi (2.5 M in hexanes, 5.85 mL) dropwise at -78 ℃ under N2. After 30 min at -78 ℃, methyl 3-oxocyclobutane-1-carboxylate (2125 mg, 16.585 mmol) was added dropwise at -78℃. The mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h. After quenching with saturated aq. NH4Cl (50 mL) at 0 ℃, the resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 × 50 mL) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 × 50 mL) and dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, and purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE: EtOAc, 1: 10) to afford the title compound (850 mg, 4.102 mmol, 42%) . LCMS (m / z) : 208.4 [M+H] +Step 2. Synthesis of methyl 3- ( ( (methylthio) carbonothioyl) oxy) -3- (pyridin-4-yl) cyclobutane-1-carboxylate (P64)To a solution of P63 (1100 mg, 5.308 mmol) in THF (30 mL) was added NaH (60%mineral oil, 382.18 mg, 15.924 mmol) portion-wise at 0 ℃. After stirring at 0 ℃for 30 min, CS2 (0.971 mL, 15.924 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 1 h. Then MeI (1.292 mL, 15.924 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h. The reaction was quenched by the addition of saturated aq. NH4Cl (20 mL) at 0 ℃. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 × 30 mL) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 × 30 mL) and were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated to give the crude title compound, which was used for next step directly without further purification. LCMS (m / z) : 298.4 [M+H] +Step 3. Synthesis of methyl 3- (pyridin-4-yl) cyclobutane-1-carboxylate (P65)To a solution of crude P64 (1.6 g, 5.3 mmol) in toluene (10 mL) was added AIBN (174.06 mg, 1.060 mmol) and Bu3SnH (2.3 g, 7.950 mmol) under N2. After 2 h at 70 ℃, the mixture was concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE: EtOAc, 4: 1) to afford the title compound (220 mg, 1.150 mmol, 22%) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.53 (td, J = 4.5, 1.5 Hz, 2H) , 7.15 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 2H) , 4.24 -4.09 (m, 0.5H) , 3.73 (d, J = 21.0 Hz, 3H) , 3.55 -3.39 (m, 0.6H) , 3.22 -3.12 (m, 1H) , 2.79 -2.62 (m, 2H) , 2.44 (dddd, J = 10.4, 7.4, 4.2, 2.0 Hz, 2H) . LCMS (m / z) : 192.4 [M+H] +Step 4. Synthesis of (1r, 3r) -3- (pyridin-4-yl) cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (P67) and (1s, 3s) -3- (pyridin-4-yl) cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (P68)To a solution of P65 (80 mg, 0.418 mmol) in THF (1 mL) , MeOH (1 mL) and water (1 mL) was added LiOH (17.6 mg, 0.733 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 30 min. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The crude P66 was purified by reversed-phase flash chromatography [Column: YMC Triart C18 ExRs 5 μm, 30 mm *150 mm; Mobile Phases A: Water (10mM NH4HCO3) , B: MeCN; 3%B to 25%B] to afford to afford P67 (30 mg, 0.169 mmol, 40%) as the first eluate; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.50 -8.37 (m, 2H) , 7.42 -7.30 (m, 2H) , 3.71 (p, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H) , 3.10 -2.98 (m, 1H) , 2.77 -2.63 (m, 2H) , 2.38 (tdd, J = 9.6, 7.4, 2.3 Hz, 2H) ; LCMS (m / z) : 178.4 [M+H] +, and P68 (40 mg, 0.226 mmol, 54%) as the second eluate; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.39 -8.19 (m, 2H) , 7.31 -7.17 (m, 2H) , 3.31 (p, J =9.1 Hz, 1H) , 2.99 -2.86 (m, 1H) , 2.49 (qd, J = 8.3, 2.7 Hz, 2H) , 2.22 (qd, J = 10.0, 2.7 Hz, 2H) . LCMS (m / z) : 178.4 [M+H] +. The cis / trans stereochemistry was confirmed by NOE studies.The following compounds were prepared essentially by the method of Preparation 9.a: The cis / trans analogs were separated at the step 3.Preparation 10(1s, 3s) -3- (5-Fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (P75)Step 1. Synthesis of methyl 3- (5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) -3-hydroxycyclobutane-1-carboxylate (P73)To a solution of 4-bromo-5-fluoro-1-methylpyrazole (660 mg, 3.687 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added n-BuLi (2.5M in hexanes, 1.770 mL) dropwise at -78 ℃ under N2. The reaction mixture was stirred at -78 ℃ for 30 min. Then methyl 3-oxocyclobutane-1-carboxylate (708.69 mg, 5.531 mmol) was added dropwise and the mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h. The reaction was quenched by the addition of saturated aq. NH4Cl (20 mL) at rt. The resulting mixture was extracted with EA (3 × 20 mL) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 × 20 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, and purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM: MeOH, 20: 1) to afford the title compound (680 mg, 2.980 mmol, 81%) . LCMS (m / z) : 229.1 [M+H] +Step 2. Synthesis of methyl (1s, 3s) -3- (5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) cyclobutane-1-carboxylate (P74)A solution of P73 (300 mg, 1.315 mmol) in TFA (5 mL) was stirred at rt for 4 h. Then Pd / C (10 wt. %, 139.89 mg, 0.131 mmol) was added into the reaction and the mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h under hydrogen atmosphere. The resulting mixture was filtered, the filter cake was washed with DCM (3 × 10 mL) . The filtrate was concentrated and purified by reversed-phase flash chromatography [Column: XselectCSHTM Prep C18 5μm 30*150mm OBD; Mobile Phases A: Water (0.05%TFA) , B: MeCN; 21%to 34%] to afford the title compound (150 mg, 0.707 mmol, 54%) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.46 (d, J = 3.8 Hz, 1H) , 3.80 (dd, J = 4.7, 1.2 Hz, 3H) , 3.73 (d, J = 13.1 Hz, 3H) , 3.27 (qd, J = 9.6, 7.7 Hz, 1H) , 3.11 (ddt, J = 18.1, 10.0, 6.7 Hz, 1H) , 2.69 -2.53 (m, 2H) , 2.47 -2.31 (m, 2H) . LCMS (m / z) : 213.4 [M+H] +Step 3. Synthesis of (1s, 3s) -3- (5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (P75)The title compound was synthesized essentially by the method of Preparation 4 Step 3 starting from P74. LCMS (m / z) : 199.1 [M+H] +The following compounds were prepared essentially by the method of Preparation 10.a: Step 2 with TFA / Et3SiH as the reducing agents to get a mixture of cis / trans analogs.b: The cis / trans analogs were separated at the step 2.Preparation 11(1s, 3s) -3- (1-Methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (P85)Step 1. Synthesis of methyl 3- (1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) cyclobut-2-ene-1-carboxylate (P83)To a stirred solution of methyl 3- (2-tosylhydrazineylidene) cyclobutane-1-carboxylate [J. Med. Chem. 2021, 64 (9) , 6358 -6380] (2.0 g, 6.749 mmol) and 5-iodo-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole (1.54 g, 7.424 mmol) in 1, 4-dioxane (30 mL) were added Ph3P (0.49 g, 0.675 mmol) , Pd2 (dba) 3 (0.62 g, 0.675 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (2.20 g, 6.749 mmol) at rt. The reaction was placed under a positive pressure of nitrogen and subjected to three evacuation / backfilling cycles under high vacuum. The resulting mixture was stirred overnight at 85 ℃. After cooled to rt, the reaction was quenched by the addition of water (20 mL) . The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2 × 20 mL) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 × 20 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, and purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE: EtOAc, 5: 1) afforded the title compound (400 mg, 2.081 mmol, 31%) . LCMS (m / z) : 193.1 [M+H] +Step 2. Synthesis of methyl (1s, 3s) -3- (1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) cyclobutane-1-carboxylate (P84)To a flask containing P83 (400 mg, 2.081 mmol) was added MeOH (10 mL) followed by addition of Pd / C (10 wt. %loading, 220.58 mg, 2.081 mmol) . The mixture was put under a H2 balloon and stirred at rt 1 h. The reaction mixture was filtered to remove insoluble solids. The filter cake was washed with MeOH (2 × 10 mL) . The filtrate was concentrated to give the crude title compound, which was used in the next step directly without further purification. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : 195.0 [M+H] +Step 3: Synthesis of (1s, 3s) -3- (1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (P85)The title compound was synthesized essentially by the method of Preparation 4 Step 3 starting from P84. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : 181.0 [M+H] +The following compounds were prepared essentially by the method of Preparation 11.Preparation 123- (2- (2- (Dimethylamino) ethyl) pyridin-4-yl) cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (P91)Step 1. Synthesis of methyl 3- (2- (2- (dimethylamino) ethyl) pyridin-4-yl) cyclobutane-1-carboxylate (P90)To a solution of 2- (4-bromopyridin-2-yl) -N, N-dimethylethan-1-amine (1.0 g, 4.365 mmol) in DMA (10 mL) were added methyl 3-bromocyclobutane-1-carboxylate (0.84 g, 4.365 mmol) , N- (phenyl (pyridin-2-yl) methyl) picolinamide (0.190 g, 6.55 mmol) , zinc (1.43 g, 21.823 mmol) , NiCl2 (PCy3) 2 (0.301 g, 0.437 mmol) and MgCl2 (0.44 g, 0.44 mmol) . The reaction was stirred at 100 ℃ for 18 h. The resulting mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was washed with MeOH (3 × 5 mL) . The filtrate was concentrated and purified by reversed-phase flash chromatography [column, C18 silica gel; mobile phases A: Water (0.5%NH4HCO3) , B: MeCN, 16%to670%] to afford the title compound (320 mg, 1.220 mmol, 28%) . LCMS (m / z) : 285.1 [M+Na] +Step 2. Synthesis of 3- (2- (2- (dimethylamino) ethyl) pyridin-4-yl) cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (P91)The title compound was synthesized essentially by the method of Preparation 4 Step 3 starting from P90. LCMS (m / z) : 249.0 [M+H] +The following compounds were prepared essentially by the method of Preparation 12.a: Step 1. NiCl2, TBAI, Mn, pyridine-2, 6-bis (carboximidamide) HCl salt, DMA.b: The cis / trans analogs were separated at the step 1.c: The cis / trans analogs were separated at the step 2.Preparation 13(1s, 3s) -3- (Thiazol-5-yl) cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (P112) and (1r, 3r) -3- (thiazol-5-yl) cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (P113)Step 1. Synthesis of methyl 3-hydroxy-3- (thiazol-5-yl) cyclobutane-1-carboxylate (P108)To a solution of 2- (trimethylsilyl) -1, 3-thiazole (5 g, 31.784 mmol) in Et2O (50 mL) was added n-BuLi (2.5 M in hexanes, 13.985 mL, 34.963 mmol) at -78 ℃. The mixture was stirred at -78 ℃ for 0.5 h. Then a solution of methyl 3-oxocyclobutane-1-carboxylate (4.07 g, 31.784 mmol) in Et2O (10 mL) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at 20 ℃ for 1h. The mixture was poured into ice NH4Cl solution (100 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (50 mL × 3) . The organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, and purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE: EtOAc, 2: 1) to give the title compound (4.0 g, 16.882 mmol, 53%) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.99 (d, J = 0.7 Hz, 1H) , 7.93 (d, J = 0.8 Hz, 1H) , 6.33 (s, 1H) , 3.63 (s, 3H) , 2.91 (tt, J = 10.2, 8.3 Hz, 1H) , 2.66 -2.62 (m, 2H) , 2.60 -2.55 (m, 2H) . LCMS (m / z) : 213.9 [M+H] +Step 2. Synthesis of methyl 3-fluoro-3- (thiazol-5-yl) cyclobutane-1-carboxylate (P109)To a solution of P108 (4.0 g, 18.757 mmol) in DCM (40 mL) was added DAST (6.05 g, 37.515 mmol) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at rt for 1h. The mixture was poured into aq. NaHCO3 solution and extracted with DCM (30 mL × 3) . The organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated to give the crude title compound (3.0 g, 12.544 mmol, 67%) , which was used directly in the next step without further purification. LCMS (m / z) : 216.0 [M+H] +Step 3. Synthesis of methyl (1s, 3s) -3- (thiazol-5-yl) cyclobutane-1-carboxylate (P110) and methyl (1r, 3r) -3- (thiazol-5-yl) cyclobutane-1-carboxylate (P111)To a solution of crude P109 (3 g, 13.938 mmol) in MeOH (30 mL) was added Pd / C (10 wt. %, 20 g, 187.935 mmol) and formic acid (5 mL, 0.139 mmol) at rt. The mixture was stirred under a H2 balloon for 3h. The mixture was filtered, concentrated and purified by reversed-phase flash chromatography [Column: Xselect CSH TM Prep C18 5μm 30*150mm OBD; Mobile Phases A: Water (0.1%FA) , B: MeCN; 16%B to 40%B] to give P110 as the first eluate (180 mg, 0.821 mmol, 6%) ; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.86 (d, J = 0.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.65 (t, J = 0.8 Hz, 1H) , 3.84 -3.74 (m, 1H) , 3.68 (s, 3H) , 3.20 (tt, J = 9.8, 8.2 Hz, 1H) , 2.76 -2.66 (m, 2H) , 2.41 -2.32 (m, 2H) ; LCMS (m / z) : 198.1 [M+H] +, and P111 (185 mg, 0.844 mmol, 6.06%) as the second eluate; 1H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d4) δ 8.87 (d, J = 0.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.69 (t, J = 0.9 Hz, 1H) , 3.98 (ttt, J = 8.7, 7.5, 1.2 Hz, 1H) , 3.72 (s, 3H) , 3.25 (tdd, J = 9.4, 4.7, 1.3 Hz, 1H) , 2.80 -2.72 (m, 2H) , 2.49 -2.41 (m, 2H) . LCMS (m / z) : 198.1 [M+H] +Step 4. Synthesis of (1s, 3s) -3- (thiazol-5-yl) cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (P112)The compound was synthesized essentially by the method of Preparation 4 Step 3 starting from P110 LCMS (m / z) : 184.3 [M+1] +Step 5. Synthesis of (1r, 3r) -3- (thiazol-5-yl) cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (P113)The compound was synthesized essentially by the method of Preparation 4 Step 3 starting from P111. LCMS (m / z) : 184.3 [M+1] +Preparation 143- (1H-pyrazol-1-yl) cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (P116)Step 1. Synthesis of methyl 3- (tosyloxy) cyclobutane-1-carboxylate (P114)To a stirred solution of methyl 3-hydroxycyclobutane-1-carboxylate (3.0 g, 23.052 mmol) in dichloromethane (30 mL) were added TsCl (4.39 g, 23.052 mmol) , DMAP (0.28 g, 2.305 mmol) and pyridine (5.593 mL, 69.156 mmol) at rt. After 1 h, the reaction was quenched by the addition of water (20 mL) . The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2 × 20 mL) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 × 20 mL) , were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated to afford the crude title compound, which was used in the next step directly without further purification. LCMS (m / z) : 302.0 [M+H2O] +Step 2. Synthesis of methyl 3- (1H-pyrazol-1-yl) cyclobutane-1-carboxylate (P115)To a stirred solution of P114 (5.0 g, 17.585 mmol) and 1H-pyrazole (1.0 g, 14.689 mmol) in DMF (30 mL) was added K2CO3 (6.1 g, 44.139 mmol) at rt. After 1 h, the reaction was quenched by the addition of water (20 mL) . The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2 × 20 mL) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 × 20 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, and purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE: EtOAc, 5: 1) afforded the title compound (300 mg, 1.665 mmol, 9%) . LCMS (m / z) : 181.1 [M+H] +Step 3. Synthesis of 3- (1H-pyrazol-1-yl) cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (P116)The title compound was synthesized essentially by the method of Preparation 4 Step 3 starting from P115. LCMS (m / z) : 167.1 [M+H] +The following compounds were prepared essentially by the method of Preparation 14.a: The cis / trans analogs were separated at step 3 by chiral HPLC [CHIRAL ART Cellulose-SB 3*25cm, 5m; Mobile Phases A: HEX (0.1%DEA) , B: EtOH: DCM=1: 1; Flow rate: 40 mL / min; Gradient: isocratic 20%] .b: Started with methyl 3-iodocyclobutane-1-carboxylate.c: The cis / trans analogs were separated at step 3.d: These two analogs were separated at step 2.e: Misunobu reaction with 4-hydroxypyridine.Preparation 153- (Pyridin-4-ylmethyl) cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (P130)Step 1. Synthesis of methyl 3- (pyridin-4-ylmethylene) cyclobutane-1-carboxylate (P124)Potassium tert-butoxide (1M in THF, 15.06 mL, 15.06 mmol) was added dropwise to a solution of triphenyl (pyridin-4-ylmethyl) phosphonium chloride (7.30 g, 18.731 mmol) in toluene (10 mL) . After stirring at rt for 0.5 h, the solution was cooled to 0 ℃, and a solution of methyl 3-oxocyclobutane-1-carboxylate (2 g, 15.609 mmol) in toluene (2 mL) was added quickly. The mixture was heated at 110 ℃ for 3 h, then cooled to rt and partitioned between water (25 mL) and EtOAc (200 mL) . The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (20 mL) . The combined organic extracts were washed with water (2 × 20 mL) , brine (20 mL) , dried over anhydrous MgSO4, concentrated and purified by reversed-phase flash chromatography [column, C18 silica gel; mobile phases A: Water (0.5%NH4HCO3) , B: MeCN, 10%] to afford the title compound (115 mg, 0.566 mmol, 4%) . LCMS: (m / z) : 204.0 [M+H] +Step 2. Synthesis of methyl 3- (pyridin-4-ylmethyl) cyclobutane-1-carboxylate (P125)A solution of P124 (105 mg, 0.517 mmol) and Pd / C (10%weight, 54.98 mg, 0.0517 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) was stirred for 3 h at rt under 3MPa H2 atmosphere. The resulting mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was washed with MeOH (2 × 5 mL) . The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude title compound (95 mg) , which was used in the next step directly without further purification. LCMS: (m / z) : 206.1 [M+H] +Step 3. Synthesis of 3- (pyridin-4-ylmethyl) cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (P126)The title compound was synthesized essentially by the method of Preparation 4 Step 3 starting from P125. LCMS: (m / z) : 192.0 [M+H] +Preparation 162- (1-Methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) -2-azaspiro [3.3] heptane-6-carboxylic acid (P132)Step 1. Synthesis of methyl 2-azaspiro [3.3] heptane-6-carboxylate TFA salt (P127)To a solution of methyl 2- { [ (2-methylprop-2-yl) oxy] carbonyl} -2-azaspiro [3.3] heptane-6-carboxylate (500 mg, 1.958 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) were added TFA (1 mL, 13.059 mmol) , and the reaction was stirred at rt for 2 h. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo to afforded the crude title compound (400 mg, 2.577 mmol) LCMS (m / z) : 156.0 [M+H] +Step 2. Synthesis of methyl 2- (1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) -2-azaspiro [3.3] heptane-6-carboxylate (P128)To a solution of 4-bromo-1-methylpyrazole (373.45 mg, 2.320 mmol) in THF (5 mL) were added P127 (360 mg, 2.320 mmol) , GPhos Pd G6 (219.07 mg, 0.232 mmol) , and sodium trimethylsilanolate (1040.85 mg, 9.278 mmol) under N2, and the reaction was stirred at 80 ℃ for 18 h. The resulting mixture was filtered. The filter cake was washed with MeOH (3 × 3 mL) . The filtrate was concentrated and purified by reversed-phase column chromatography [Column: YMC Triart C18 Ex 5 μm, 30 mm *150 m; Mobile Phases A: Water (10mM NH4HCO3) , B: MeCN; 2%to 15%] to afford the title compound (70 mg, 0.316 mmol, 14%) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.03 (d, J = 0.9 Hz, 1H) , 6.85 (d, J = 1.0 Hz, 1H) , 3.68 (s, 3H) , 2.82 (p, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H) , 2.26 (dd, J = 9.2, 2.7 Hz, 4H) . LCMS (m / z) : 222.0 [M+H] +Preparation 172- (Pyridin-4-yl) -2-azaspiro [3.3] heptane-6-carboxylic acid (P130)Step 1. Synthesis of methyl 2- (pyridin-4-yl) -2-azaspiro [3.3] heptane-6-carboxylate (P129)To a solution of P127 (400 mg, 2.577 mmol) in dioxane (5 mL) were added Pd-PEPPSI (TM) -IPent catalyst (25 mg, 0.026 mmol) , 4-iodopyridine (528.35 mg, 2.577 mmol) , and Cs2CO3 (2519.2 mg, 7.732 mmol) , and the reaction was stirred at 100 ℃ for 2 h under argon atmosphere. The mixture was allowed to cool to rt and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE: EtOAc, 6: 1) to afford the title compound (331 mg, 1.283 mmol, 50%) . LCMS (m / z) : 233.0 [M+H] +Step 2. Synthesis of 2- (pyridin-4-yl) -2-azaspiro [3.3] heptane-6-carboxylic acid (P130)The title compound was synthesized essentially by the method of Preparation 4 Step 3 starting from P129. LCMS (m / z) : 219.0 [M+H] +The following compound was prepared essentially by the method of Preparation 17.Preparation 181- (1-Methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) azetidine-3-carboxylic acid (P1373Step 1. Synthesis of ethyl 1- (1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) azetidine-3-carboxylate (P132)To a solution of ethyl azetidine-3-carboxylate HCl salt (1.0g, 7.742 mmol) in MeCN (10 mL) were added (1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) boronic acid (974.91 mg, 7.742 mmol) , TEA (5.381 mL, 38.712 mmol) , and Cu (OAc) 2 (703.12 mg, 3.871 mmol) , and the reaction was stirred at rt for 1 h. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE: EtOAc, 1: 1) to afford the title compound (300 mg, 1.434 mmol, 19%) . LCMS (m / z) : 210.0 [M+H] +Step 2. Synthesis of 1- (1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) azetidine-3-carboxylic acid (P133)The title compound was synthesized essentially by the method of Preparation 4 Step 3 starting from P132. LCMS (m / z) : 182.0 [M+H] +.The following compound was prepared essentially by the method of Preparation 18.Preparation 193- (Pyridazin-4-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (P137)Step 1. Synthesis of methyl 3- (3, 6-dichloro-1, 2-diazin-4-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] -pentane-1-carboxylate (P135)To a mixture of 1- (methoxycarbonyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-3-carboxylic acid (2.0 g, 11.754 mmol) in water (20 mL) were added AgNO3 (1.91 g, 0.588 mmol) , ammonium persulfate (3.00 g, 0.588 mmol) , and H2SO4 (98%, 1.8 mL, 33.649 mmol, dissolved in 5 mL of water) , and the reaction was stirred at 70 ℃ for 1 h. The pH of the mixture was adjusted to 7 -8 via addition of solid NaHCO3. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, washed with brine, concentrated, and purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound (860 mg, 3.149 mmol, 27%) . LCMS (m / z) : 273.1 [M+H] +Step 2. Synthesis of methyl 3- (1, 2-diazin-4-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (P136) .To a solution of P135 (300 mg, 1.098 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) and NH3. H2O (0.1 mL) was added Pd / C (10%weight, 300 mg, 1.098 mmol) . The reaction was stirred at rt for 2 h under a H2 balloon. The mixture was filtered, concentrated, and purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound (200 mg, 0.979 mmol, 89%) . LCMS (m / z) : 205.1 [M+H] +Step 3. Synthesis of 3- (1, 2-diazin-4-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (P137) .The title compound was synthesized essentially by the method of Preparation 4 Step 3 starting from P136. LCMS (m / z) : 179.10 [M+H] +The following compound was prepared essentially by the method of Preparation 19.Preparation 20(1s, 3s) -3- (5-methoxy-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (P139)Step 1. Synthesis of (1s, 3s) -3- (5-methoxy-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (P139) .To a solution of P75 (40 mg, 0.202 mmol) in DMSO (1 mL) was added CH3ONa (55mg, 1.009 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 115 ℃ for 2 h. The reaction mixture was purified directly via reversed-phase chromatography [column, C18 silica gel; mobile phases A: Water (0.1%TFA) , B: MeCN] to give the title compound (42 mg, 0.199 mmol, 99%) . LCMS (m / z) : 210.9 [M+H] +Preparation 21(1s, 3s) -3- (5- (azetidin-1-yl) -1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (P143)Step 1. Synthesis of methyl 3- (5-bromo-1-methylpyrazol-4-yl) cyclobutane-1-carboxylate (P141)To a solution of P140 (700 mg, 3.604 mmol) in MeCN (2 mL) were added NBS (705 mg, 3.964 mmol) and the reaction was stirred at rt for 3 h. The reaction was diluted with saturated aq. NH4Cl solution and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound (500 mg, 0.915 mmol, 25%) . LCMS (m / z) : 273.0 [M+H] +Step 2. Synthesis of methyl 3- [5- (azetidin-1-yl) -1-methylpyrazol-4-yl] cyclobutane-1-carboxylate (P142)To a solution of P141 (200 mg, 0.732 mmol) in dioxane (2 mL) were added azetidine (63 mg, 1.098 mmol) , Cs2CO3 (716 mg, 2.197 mmol) , Pd2 (dba) 3 (134 mg, 0.146 mmol) , Xantphos (85 mg, 0.146 mmol) , and the reaction was stirred at 120 ℃under N2 for 3 h. The mixture was concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound (150 mg, 0.301 mmol, 41%) . LCMS (m / z) : 250.1 [M+H] +Step 3. Synthesis of (1s, 3s) -3- (5- (azetidin-1-yl) -1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (P143)The title compound was synthesized essentially by the method of Preparation 4 Step 3 starting from P142. LCMS (m / z) : 236.1 [M+H] +Preparation 223-Chloro-2, 4, 5-trimethyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine TFA salt (P150)Step 1. Synthesis of 5-chloro-2- (hydroxymethyl) -4, 6-dimethylpyridine-3-carbonitrile (P144) .To a solution of P1 (1.77 g, 7.88 mmol) in THF (20 mL) and MeOH (50 mL) was added NaBH4 (0.89 g, 23.64 mmol) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at rt for 18 h. To the mixture was added water at 0 ℃. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was diluted with saturated aq. NH4Cl and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude title compound (1.50 g, 7.63 mmol, 97%) , which was used in next step directly without further purification. LCMS (m / z) : 197.1 [M+H] +Step 2. Synthesis of 3-chloro-2, 4-dimethyl-5, 7-dihydrofuro [4, 3-b] pyridin-5-one (P145) .To a solution of P144 (1.5 g, 7.63 mmol) in EtOH (30 mL) was added H2SO4 (98%, 12 mL, 224.04 mmol) at rt. The mixture was stirred at 90 ℃ for 18 h. The mixture was cooled to 0 ℃ and diluted with water. The pH of the mixture was adjusted to 7 -8 via addition of solid NaHCO3. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, and purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound (1.21 g, 6.12 mmol, 80%) . LCMS (m / z) : 198.1 [M+H] +Step 3. Synthesis of 3-chloro-2, 4, 5-trimethyl-5, 7-dihydrofuro [4, 3-b] pyridin-5-ol (P146) .To a solution of P145 (1.21 g, 6.12 mmol) in THF (60 mL) was added CH3MgBr (1M in THF) (30.61 mL, 30.61 mmol) dropwise at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at rt for 3 h. The mixture was quenched with saturated aq. NH4Cl and extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude product (1.23 g, 5.76 mmol, 94%) , which was used in next step directly without further purification. LCMS (m / z) : 214.1 [M+H] +Step 4. Synthesis of 1- [5-chloro-2- (hydroxymethyl) -4, 6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl] ethan-1-ol (P147) .To a solution of crude P146 (1.0 g, 4.68 mmol) in MeOH (20 mL) was added NaBH4 (0.89 g, 23.40 mmol) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 18 h. To the mixture was added water at 0 ℃. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was diluted with saturated aqueous NH4Cl solution and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, and purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the product (470 mg, 2.18 mmol, 46%) . LCMS (m / z) : 216.1 [M+H] +.Step 5. Synthesis of 5-chloro-3- (1-chloroethyl) -2- (chloromethyl) -4, 6-dimethylpyridine (P148) .A solution of P147 (470 mg, 2.18 mmol) in SOCl2 (10 mL) was stirred at 50 ℃for 3 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude title compound (750 mg, 2.23 mmol) which was used directly in next step without further purification. LCMS (m / z) : 253.9 [M+H] +Step 6. Synthesis of 3-chloro-6- [ (2, 4-dimethoxyphenyl) methyl] -2, 4, 5-trimethyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [4, 3-b] pyridine (P149) .To a solution of crude P148 (300 mg, 0.89 mmol) in MeCN (15 mL) and DCM (3 mL) was added DIPEA (345 mg, 2.67 mmol) and (2, 4-dimethoxyphenyl) methanamine (179 mg, 1.07 mmol) at rt. The mixture was stirred at 75 ℃ for 3 h. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with brine. The organic phase was dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, and purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound (225 mg, 0.65 mmol, 73%) . LCMS (m / z) : 347.2 [M+H] +Step 8. Synthesis of 3-chloro-2, 4, 5-trimethyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [4, 3-b] pyridine TFA salt (P150) .The mixture of P149 (225 mg, 0.65 mmol) in TFA (5 mL) and triethylsilane (5 mL) was stirred at 70 ℃ for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude title compound (140 mg, 0.71 mmol, 109.74%) , which was used in next step directly without further purification. LCMS (m / z) : 197.2 [M+H] +.Preparation 233-Chloro-2, 4, 7-trimethyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine TFA salt (P159)Step 1. Synthesis of 2, 5-dichloro-4, 6-dimethylpyridine-3-carboxylic acid (P151)To 2, 5-dichloro-4, 6-dimethylpyridine-3-carbonitrile (5.00 g, 24.869 mmol) was added H2SO4 (98%, 15.0 mL, 280.055 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 2 h, then a solution of NaNO2 (3.94 g, 57.062 mmol) in water (25 mL) was slowly added to the mixture at 0℃. The reaction mixture was stirred for at rt 1 h, then quenched by ice. The solid was filtrated and washed with water to give the crude title compound (4.11 g, 18.632 mmol, 75%) , which was used directly in the next step without further purification. LCMS (m / z) : 220.0 [M+H] +Step 2. Synthesis of methyl 2, 5-dichloro-4, 6-dimethylpyridine-3-carboxylate (P152)To a solution of P151 (4.00 g, 18.18 mmol) in DMF (100 mL) at 0 ℃ was added Cs2CO3 (11.85 g, 36.36 mmol) and CH3I (3.87 g, 27.27 mmol) , and the reaction was stirred at rt for 18 h. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc and water. The organic layer was separated, washed with brine, and concentrated to give the crude title product (3.62 g, 15.38 mmol, 85%) , which was used directly in the next step without further purification. LCMS (m / z) : 234.0 [M+H] +Step 3. Synthesis of methyl 5-chloro-2-cyano-4, 6-dimethylpyridine-3-carboxylate (P153)To a solution of P152 (3.50 g, 14.95 mmol) in DMF (30 mL) were added dppf (0.83 g, 1.5 mmol) , Zn (CN) 2 (0.88 g, 7.48 mmol) , and Pd2 (dba) 3 (1.37 g, 1.5 mmol) . The reaction was stirred at 110 ℃ for 2 h under N2. The reaction was diluted with saturated aq. NH4Cl solution and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, and purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound (3.22 g, 14.24 mmol, 95%) . LCMS (m / z) : 225.0 [M+H] +Step 4. Synthesis of 3-chloro-2, 4-dimethyl-5, 7-dihydrofuro [4, 3-b] pyridin-7-one (P154)To a solution of P153 (3.22 g, 14.245 mmol) in a mixture of THF (40 mL) and MeOH (90 mL) was added NaBH4 (1.62 g, 42.735 mmol) in portions at 0℃. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 8 h, whereupon water was added, and the organic solvents were removed in vacuo. The aqueous residue was diluted with saturated aq. NH4Cl solution and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated to give the crude product. The crude product was dissolved in EtOH (50 mL) , cooled to 0 ℃, and treated in a drop-wise manner with concentrated H2SO4 (98%, 40 mL, 746.814 mmol) . The reaction mixture was then heated at 90℃ for 18 h. The mixture was cooled to 0 ℃ and diluted with water. The pH of the mixture was adjusted to 7 -8 via addition of solid NaHCO3. the volatile was removed in vacuo, and the resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound (1.72 g, 8.602 mmol, 60%) . LCMS (m / z) : 198.0 [M+H] +Step 5. Synthesis of 3-chloro-2, 4, 7-trimethyl-5, 7-dihydrofuro [4, 3-b] pyridin-7-ol (P155)To a solution of P154 (700 mg, 3.542 mmol) in THF (20 mL) were added CH3MgBr (3M in THF, 3.5 mL, 10.626 mmol) , and the reaction was stirred at -40℃for 2 h. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc and saturated NH4Cl solution. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound (200 mg, 0.936 mmol, 26%) . LCMS (m / z) : 214.1 [M+H] +Step 6. Synthesis of 1- [5-chloro-3- (hydroxymethyl) -4, 6-dimethylpyridin-2-yl]ethan-1-ol (P156)To a stirred solution of P155 (200 mg, 0.936 mmol) in MeOH (2 mL) was added NaBH4 (42 mg, 1.123 mmol) at 0℃. The mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound (160 mg, 0.742 mmol, 79%) . LCMS (m / z) : 181 [M-2OH] +Step 7. Synthesis of 5-chloro-2- (1-chloroethyl) -3- (chloromethyl) -4, 6-dimethylpyridine (P157)A mixture of P156 (160 mg, 0.742 mmol) and thionyl chloride (2.5 mL) was stirred at 45℃ for 2 h. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo to give the crude title compound (160 mg, 0.634 mmol, 85%) , which was used directly in the next step without further purification. LCMS (m / z) : 252.0 [M+H] +Step 8. Synthesis of 3-chloro-6- [ (2, 4-dimethoxyphenyl) methyl] -2, 4, 7-trimethyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [4, 3-b] pyridine (P158)To a solution of P157 (160 mg, 0.634 mmol) in a mixture of CH2Cl2 (1 mL) and MeCN (5 mL) was added triethylamine (0.264 mL, 1.902 mmol) . After the resulting mixture had been stirred at rt for 10 min, (2, 4-dimethoxyphenyl) methanamine (116.61 mg, 0.697 mmol) was added drop-wise, and the reaction mixture was stirred at 75 ℃ for 3 h. The reaction was concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound (100 mg, 0.288 mmol, 46%) . LCMS (m / z) : 347.2 [M+H] +Step 9. Synthesis of 3-chloro-2, 4, 7-trimethyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [4, 3-b] pyridine TFA salt (P159)A solution of P158 (15 mg, 0.043 mmol) in triethylsilane (2.5 mL) and TFA (0.5 mL) was stirred at 70℃ for 2 h. The reaction was concentrated to give the crude title compound (15 mg, 0.076 mmol) as TFA salt, which was used directly in the next step without further purification. LCMS (m / z) : 197.1 [M+H] +Preparation 243- ( (3-Fluoropyridin-4-yl) amino) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (T31)Step 1. Synthesis of methyl 3- ( (3-fluoropyridin-4-yl) amino) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (T30)To a solution of 4-chloro-3-fluoropyridine (500 mg, 3.801 mmol) in dioxane (15 mL) were added methyl 3-aminobicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (536.65 mg, 3.801 mmol) , XPhos-Pd-G2 (298.72 mg, 0.380 mmol) , and Cs2CO3 (3096.44 mg, 9.504 mmol) , and the reaction was stirred at 120 ℃ for 18 h. The reaction was diluted with EA and water. The organic layer was separated, washed with saturated brine, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified using prep-HPLC to yield the title compound (300 mg, 1.270 mmol, 33%) . LCMS (m / z) : 237.1 [M+H] +Step 2. Synthesis of 3- ( (3-fluoropyridin-4-yl) amino) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (T31)The title compound was prepared essentially by the method of Preparation 4 Step 3. LCMS (m / z) : 223.1 [M+H] +The following compounds were prepared essentially by the method of Preparation 24.Preparation 253- (Methyl (pyridin-2-yl) amino) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (T42)Step 1. Synthesis of methyl 3- (methyl (pyridin-2-yl) amino) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane -1-carboxylate (T41)To a solution of methyl 3-iodobicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (300 mg, 1.19 mmol) in dioxane (4 mL) was added 2- (methylamino) pyridine (128 mg, 1.19 mmol) , K3PO4 (757 mg, 3.57 mmol) and copper bis (2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-3, 5-heptanedionate) (255 mg, 0.59 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 120 ℃ for 16 h. The mixture was filtered, concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title product (85 mg, 0.36 mmol, 30%) as a yellow oil. LCMS (m / z) : 233.1 [M+H] +Step 2. Synthesis of 3- (methyl (pyridin-2-yl) amino) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (T42)The title compound was prepared essentially by the method of Preparation 4 Step 3. LCMS (m / z) : 219.1 [M+H] +The following compounds were prepared essentially by the method of Preparation 25.Preparation 263- (3-Chloro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (T56)Step 1. Synthesis of O'1, O1- (mesityl-λ3-iodanediyl) 3, 3'-dimethyl bis (bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1, 3-dicarboxylate) (T54)To a solution of 1- (methoxycarbonyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-3-carboxylic acid (4.0 g, 23.50 mmol) in toluene (25 mL) was added mesityl-λ3-iodanediyl diacetate (4.3 g, 11.75 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 55 ℃ for 10 min. The mixture was filtered, concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title product (6.8 g, 11.59 mmol, 49%) as a white solid. LCMS (m / z) : 585.1 [M+H] +Step 2. Synthesis of methyl 3- (3-chloro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (T55)To a solution of T54 (2.28 g, 3.90 mmol) in dioxane (20 mL) were added 5-chloro-1H-pyrazole (500 mg, 4.87 mmol) , Copper (I) thiophene carboxylate (CuTC, 277 mg, 1.46 mmol) and bathophenanthroline (Bphen, 162 mg, 0.48 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at rt for 16h. The mixture was filtered, concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title product (100 mg, 0.44 mmol, 9.05%) as a blue oil. LCMS (m / z) : 227.1 [M+H] +Step 3. Synthesis of 3- (3-chloro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (T56)The title compound was prepared essentially by the method of Preparation 4 Step 3. LCMS (m / z) : 213.1 [M+H] +The following compounds were prepared essentially by the method of Preparation 26.Preparation 272, 3, 4-trimethyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine (T60)Step 1. Synthesis of 2, 3, 4-trimethyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine (T60)To a solution of P4 (500 mg, 1.956 mmol) in toluene (5 mL) and H2O (0.5 mL) were added Pd2 (dba) 3 (89.6 mg, 0.098 mmol) , X-Phos (93.3 mg, 0.196 mmol) , and K2CO3 (1081 mg, 7.824 mmol) , and the reaction was stirred at 110 ℃ overnight under N2. The reaction was filtered through a celite pad and extracted with EA. The organic layer was dried with Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound (113 mg, 0.696 mmol, 36%) as a brown solid. LCMS (m / z) : 162.9 [M+H] +Preparation 283-Fluoro-2, 4-dimethyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine hydrochloride (T65)Step 1. Synthesis of 3-cyano-5-fluoro-4, 6-dimethylpyridine-2-yl trifluoro methanesulfonate (T61)To a solution of 5-fluoro-4, 6-dimethyl-2-oxo-1H-pyridine-3-carbonitrile (45 g, 270.823 mmol) and 4- (dimethylamino) pyridine (99.26 g, 812.470 mmol) in pyridine (450 mL) was added trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (229.22 g, 812.470 mmol) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 h. The mixture was poured into ice water (500 mL) and extracted with EA (200 mL x 3) . The organic layers were washed with brine (300 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE: EA=5: 1) to afford the title compound (20 g, 60.36 mmol, 22%) as yellow oil. LCMS (m / z) : 299.0 [M+H] +Step 2. Synthesis of 3-cyano-5-fluoro-4, 6-dimethylpicolinic acid (T62)To a solution of T61 (5 g, 16.767 mmol) in DMSO (50 mL) were added 1, 3-bis (diphenylphosphino) propane (0.83 g, 2.012 mmol) , Pd (OAc) 2 (0.38 g, 1.677 mmol) , TEA (7.0 mL, 50.300 mmol) and H2O (18.2 mL, 1006.002 mmol) . Then the mixture was stirred at 65 ℃ under 1 MPa of CO gas for 12 h. The mixture was purified by reversed-phase flash chromatography with the following conditions [column, C18; mobile phase A: water (0.05%TFA) , B: MeCN] to give the title compound (900 mg, 4.172 mmol, 25%) as yellow oil. LCMS (m / z) : 195.0 [M+H] +Step 3. Synthesis of methyl 3-cyano-5-fluoro-4, 6-dimethylpicolinate (T63)To a solution of T62 (300 mg, 1.545 mmol) in Et2O (3 mL) and MeOH (1.5 mL) was added (diazomethyl) trimethylsilane (1.55 mL, 3.090 mmol) at rt. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the crude title compound (400 mg, 1.729 mmol, 112%) as a green solid, which was used in the next step without further purification. LCMS (m / z) : 209.1 [M+H] +Step 4. Synthesis of 3-fluoro-2, 4-dimethyl-5, 6-dihydro-7H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridin-7-one (T64)To a solution of T63 (400 mg, 1.921 mmol) in MeOH (3 mL) was added Raney nickel (800 mg, 13.631 mmol) under 50 PSI of H2 atmosphere at 25 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 12 h. The mixture was concentrated to give the crude title compound (300 mg, 1.499 mmol, 78%) as a brown solid. LCMS (m / z) : 181.1 [M+H] +Step 5. Synthesis of 3-fluoro-2, 4-dimethyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine hydrochloride (T65)To a solution of T64 (300 mg, 1.665 mmol) in THF (30 mL) was added borane dimethylsulfide (2 mL) at 0 ℃. Then the mixture was stirred at 70 ℃ for 12h.. The mixture was cooled to 0 ℃ and added MeOH (10 mL) . Then 6M HCl (2 mL) was added into the mixture. The mixture was heated to 70 ℃ for 1 h. The mixture was concentrated to give the crude title compound (210 mg, 0.933 mmol, 56%) as an off-white solid, which was used in the next step without further purification. LCMS (m / z) : 167.1 [M+H] +Preparation 293-Chloro-2-methoxy-4-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [4, 3-b] pyridine TFA salt (T68)Step 1. Synthesis of tert-butyl 3-chloro-2-methoxy-4-methyl-5, 7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine-6-carboxylate (T67)A solution of tert-butyl 2-methoxy-4-methyl-5, 7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine-6-carboxylate (1 g, 3.783 mmol) , which was prepared essentially by the method of Preparation 1 starting from 2-chloro-6-methoxy-4-methylpyridine-3-carbonitrile, and NCS (0.51 g, 3.783 mmol) in AcOH (5 mL) was stirred overnight at rt. The reaction was quenched with NaHCO3 (aq) at rt. The resulting mixture was extracted with EA (3 × 10 mL) and dried over anhydrous Na2SO4. The mixture was filtered, concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE: EA, 4: 1) to afford the title compound (300 mg, 1.004 mmol, 26%) as an off white solid. LCMS (m / z) : 299.1 [M+H] +Step 2. Synthesis of 3-chloro-2-methoxy-4-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine (T68)A mixture of T67 (200 mg, 0.669 mmol) and TFA (1 mL, 13.059 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was stirred for 2 h at rt. The resulting mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude title compound (100 mg, 0.503 mmol, 75%) , which was used in the next step directly without further purification. LCMS (m / z) : 199.1 [M+H] +Preparation 303-Chloro-4-methyl-2- (trifluoromethyl) -6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine (T71)Step 1. Synthesis of tert-butyl 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-5, 7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine-6-carboxylate (S4)A mixture of T67 (400 mg, 1.339 mmol) and L-selectride (1519 mg, 8.033 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was stirred overnight at 80 ℃. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM: MeOH=5: 1) to afford the title compound (200 mg, 0.702 mmol, 52.46%) as a brown solid. LCMS (m / z) : 285 [M+H] +Step 2. Synthesis of tert-butyl 3-chloro-2-iodo-4-methyl-5, 7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine-6-carboxylate (T69)To a solution of S4 (375 mg, 1.41 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) were added pyridine (0.23 mL, 2.81 mmol) and trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (1.585 g, 5.62 mmol) at 25 ℃. The mixture was stirred for 1 h. Solvent was removed, and the residue was dissolved in MeCN (5 mL) . Added NaI (947 mg, 6.32 mmol) at 25 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 2 days. Additional DCM (5 mL) , TEA (0.52 mL, 3.77 mmol) and Boc2O (823 mg, 3.77 mmol) was added at 25 ℃, and the mixture was stirred at 40 ℃for 2 h. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with brine (×3) . The organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound (220 mg, 0.56 mmol, 44%) as a colorless oil. LCMS (m / z) : 395.1 [M+H] +Step 3. Synthesis of tert-butyl 3-chloro-4-methyl-2- (trifluoromethyl) -5, 7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine-6-carboxylate (T70)To a solution of T69 (220 mg, 0.56 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) were added CuI (106 mg, 0.56 mmol) and methyl 2, 2-difluoro-2- (fluorosulfonyl) acetate (161 mg, 0.84 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 18 h. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with brine (× 3) . The organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound (95 mg, 0.28 mmol, 51%) as a colorless oil. LCMS (m / z) : 337.1 [M+H] +Step 4. Synthesis of 3-chloro-4-methyl-2- (trifluoromethyl) -6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine (T71)To a solution of T70 (95 mg, 0.28 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added TFA (1 mL, 13.06 mmol) at 25 ℃. The mixture was stirred for 1 h. The mixture was purified by reversed phase column chromatography to give the title compound (35 mg, 0.15 mmol, 52%) as a white solid. LCMS (m / z) : 237.0 [M+H] +Preparation 313- (4-Cyano-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (T74)Step 1. Synthesis of methyl 3- (4-iodo-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (T72)To a solution of P40 (2 g, 9.697 mmol) in MeCN (5 mL) was added NIS (4.36 g, 19.394 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 50 ℃ for 2 h. The mixture was filtered, concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound (2.8 g, 8.430 mmol, 87%) as a white solid. LCMS (m / z) : 333.1 [M+H] +Step 2. Synthesis of methyl 3- (4-cyano-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (T73)To a solution of T72 (500 mg, 1.505 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added CuCN (269 mg, 3.010 mmol) . The mixture was heated to 140 ℃ for 3 h. The reaction was concentrated and purified via reversed phase silica gel chromatography (0.5%FA in H2O-MeCN) to give the title compound (220 mg, 0.951 mmol, 63%) as a white solid. LCMS (m / z) : 232.1 [M+H] +Step 3. Synthesis of 3- (4-cyano-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (T74)The title compound was prepared essentially by the method of Preparation 4 Step 3. LCMS (m / z) : 218.1 [M+H] +Preparation 323- (4- (Methoxymethyl) -1- (methyl-d3) -1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (T78)Step 1. Synthesis of methyl 3- (4-formyl-1- (methyl-d3) -1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (T75)To a solution of methyl 3- (2- (trideuteriomethyl) pyrazol-3-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (1.0 g, 4.779 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) were added POCl3 (1 mL) at 80 ℃, and the reaction was stirred at 80 ℃ for 1 h. The reaction was diluted with EA and water. The organic layer was separated, washed with brine, and concentrated and purified by reversed phase silica gel chromatography (0.5%FA in water-MeCN) to give the title compound (480 mg, 2.023 mmol, 42%) . LCMS (m / z) : 238.1 [M+H] +Step 2. Synthesis of methyl 3- (4- (hydroxymethyl) -1- (methyl-d3) -1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (T76)To a solution of T75 (440 mg, 1.854 mmol) in THF (8 mL) and DCM (2 mL) was added NaBH3CN (233.0 mg, 3.708 mmol) , and the reaction was stirred at rt for 1 h. The reaction was diluted with EA and water. The organic layer was separated, washed with brine, concentrated and purified by reversed phase silica gel chromatography (0.5%FA in water-MeCN) to afford the title compound (180 mg, 0.752 mmol, 41%) . LCMS (m / z) : 240.1 [M+H] +Step 3. Synthesis of methyl 3- (4- (methoxymethyl) -1- (methyl-d3) -1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (T77)To a solution of T76 (300 mg, 1.254 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) was added H2SO4 (1 mL) , and the reaction was stirred at 70 ℃ for 1 h. The reaction was diluted with EA and brine. The organic layer was separated, washed with brine, concentrated to afford the crude title compound (280 mg, 1.105 mmol, 88%) , which was used in the next step without further purification. LCMS (m / z) : 254.2 [M+H] +Step 4. Synthesis of 3- (4- (methoxymethyl) -1- (methyl-d3) -1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (T78)The title compound was prepared essentially by the method of Preparation 4 Step 3. LCMS (m / z) : 240.1 [M+H] +Preparation 333- (4- (Difluoromethyl) -1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (T81)Step 1. Synthesis of methyl 3- (4-formyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (T79)To a solution of T72 (500 mg, 1.505 mmol) in THF (1 mL) was added iPrMgCl (3M in THF, 1.13 mL, 2.258 mmol) at 0 ℃, and the reaction was stirred at rt for 30 min. To the reaction was added DMF (0.18 mL, 2.258 mmol) at 0 ℃, and the reaction was stirred at rt for 30 min. The reaction was diluted with EA and water. The organic layer was collected, concentrated, and dried to afford the crude title compound (200 mg, 0.854 mmol, 57%) , which was used in next step without further purification. LCMS (m / z) : 253.2 [M+H] +Step 2. Synthesis of methyl 3- (4- (difluoromethyl) -1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (T80)To a solution of T79 (230 mg, 0.491 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) was added DAST (791.4 mg, 4.910 mmol) at 0 ℃, and the reaction was stirred at 50 ℃ for 2 hr. The reaction was diluted with DCM and saturated NaHCO3 solution. The organic layer was separated, washed with brine, concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography to afford the title compound (100 mg, 0.390 mmol, 79%) . LCMS (m / z) : 257.1 [M+H] +Step 3. Synthesis of 3- (4- (difluoromethyl) -1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (T81)The title compound was prepared essentially by the method of Preparation 4 Step 3. LCMS (m / z) : 243.1 [M+H] +The following compound was prepared essentially by the method of Preparation 33.Preparation 343- (1-Methyl-4- (trifluoromethyl) -1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (T84)Step 1. Synthesis of methyl 3- (1-methyl-4- (trifluoromethyl) -1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (T83)To a solution of T72 (300 mg, 0.90 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) were added Cu (172.2 mg, 2.71 mmol) and diphenyl (trifluoromethyl) sulfonium trifluoromethanesulfonate (730 mg, 1.81 mmol) , and the reaction was stirred at 60 ℃ overnight. The reaction was diluted with brine and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound (200 mg, 0.729 mmol, 81%) as a white solid. LCMS (m / z) : 275.1 [M+H] +Step 2. Synthesis of 3- (1-methyl-4- (trifluoromethyl) -1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (T84)The title compound was prepared essentially by the method of Preparation 4 Step 3. LCMS (m / z) : 260.9 [M+H] +.Preparation 353- (4- (Difluoromethoxy) -1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (T88)Step 1. Synthesis of methyl 3- (4- (formyloxy) -1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (T85)To a solution T79 (2.2 g, 9.39 mmol) in MeCN (100 mL) was added m-CPBA (4.86 g, 28.18 mmol) , and the reaction was stirred at rt for 18 h. The reaction was concentrated to afford the crude title comound (5 g crude) , which was used for the next step without further purification. LCMS (m / z) : 251.1 [M+H] +Step 2. Synthesis of methyl 3- (4-hydroxy-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (T86)To a solution of T85 (5 g crude) in MeOH (20 mL) was added TEA (3.3 mL, 23.98 mmol) and the reaction was stirred at 40 ℃ for 18 h. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc and water. The organic layer was separated, washed with brine, concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title comound (1.5 g, 5.4 mmol, 90%) . LCMS (m / z) : 223.2 [M+H] +Step 3. Synthesis of methyl 3- (4- (difluoromethoxy) -1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (T87)To a solution of T86 (250 mg, 1.13 mmol) and K2CO3 (933 mg, 6.75 mmol) in DCM (6 mL) and H2O (6 mL) was added TMSCF2Br (571 mg, 2.81 mmol) at -25 ℃. The mixture was stirred at -25 ℃ for 2 h. The reaction was extracted with DCM. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound (62 mg, 0.23 mmol, 20.2%) as a colorless gum. LCMS (m / z) : 272.9 [M+H] +Step 4. Synthesis of 3- (4- (difluoromethoxy) -1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (T88)The title compound was prepared essentially by the method of Preparation 4 Step 3. LCMS (m / z) : 259.1 [M+H] +The following compound was prepared essentially by the method of Preparation 35.Preparation 363- (4-Cyclopropoxy-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (T91)Step 1. Synthesis of methyl 3- (4-cyclopropoxy-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (T90)To a solution of T86 (200 mg, 0.90 mmol) in NMP (3 mL) were added KOH (101 mg, 1.80 mmol) , bromocyclopropane (544 mg, 4.50 mmol) , and the reaction was stirred at 120 ℃ overnight. The reaction mixture was used in next step without purification. LCMS (m / z) : 263.1 [M+H] +Step 2. Synthesis of 3- (4-cyclopropoxy-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (T91)The title compound was prepared essentially by the method of Preparation 4 Step 3. LCMS (m / z) : 249.0 [M+H] +Preparation 373- (4-Cyclopropyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (T93)Step 1. Synthesis of methyl 3- (4-cyclopropyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (T92)To a solution of T72 (50 mg, 0.151 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) were added cyclopropylboronic acid (25.86 mg, 0.301 mmol) , Pd (PPh3) 4 (87.25 mg, 0.075 mmol) , and K3PO4 (95.86 mg, 0.452 mmol) . After N2 purge, the reaction was stirred at 80 ℃ for 2 h. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc and water. The organic layer was separated, washed with brine, concentrated to afford the crude title compound (50 mg, 0.101 mmol, 67%) , which was used in next step without purification. LCMS (m / z) : 247.2 [M+H] +Step 2. Synthesis of 3- (4-cyclopropyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (T93)The title compound was prepared essentially by the method of Preparation 4 Step 3. LCMS (m / z) : 233.1 [M+H] +Preparation 383- (2-Methyl-2H-indazol-3-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (T95)Step 1. Synthesis of methyl 3- (2-methyl-2H-indazol-3-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (T94)To a solution of P17 (238 mg, 0.76 mmol) in MeCN (5 mL) were added 4-DPAIPN (CAS NO. 1846598-27-3, 15 mg, 0.02 mmol) and TFA (0.12 mL, 1.5 mmol) at 25 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ with a 405 nm lamp for 18 h. The mixture was diluted with DCM and washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3. The mixture was extracted with DCM. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated and purified by reversed phase column chromatography to give the title compound (50 mg, 0.20 mmol, 26%) as a brown solid. LCMS (m / z) : 257.0 [M+H] +Step 2. Synthesis of 3- (2-methyl-2H-indazol-3-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (T95)The title compound was prepared essentially by the method of Preparation 4 Step 3. LCMS (m / z) : 243.1 [M+H] +.The following compound was prepared essentially by the method of Preparation 38.Preparation 393- ( (1-Methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) methyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (T99)Step 1. Synthesis of methyl 3- (1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carbonyl) -bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (T97)To a solution of 5-iodo-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole (300 mg, 1.44 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added iPrMgCl (2M in THF, 1.11 mL, 2.22 mmol) dropwise at -20 ℃. The mixture was stirred at -20 ℃ for 10 min. This mixture was added to a solution of methyl 3- (methoxy (methyl) carbamoyl) -bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (300 mg, 1.41 mmol) in THF (5 mL) n at -78 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 18 h. The mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous NH4Cl and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried, filtered, concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title product (60 mg, 0.26 mmol, 23%) as a colorless oil. LCMS (m / z) : 235.2 [M+H] +Step 2. Synthesis of methyl 3- ( (1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) methyl) bicyclo-[1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (T98)A solution of T97 (60 mg, 0.26 mmol) in TFA (2 mL) and triethylsilane (2 mL) was stirred at 80 ℃ for 18 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude title compound, which was used in next step without further purification. LCMS (m / z) : 221.1 [M+H] +Step 3. Synthesis of 3- ( (1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) methyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] -pentane-1-carboxylic acid (T99)The title compound was prepared essentially by the method of Preparation 4 Step 3. LCMS (m / z) : 207.2 [M+H] +Preparation 403- (Difluoromethyl) -2, 4-dimethyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine (T108)Step 1. Synthesis of tert-butyl 2, 4-dimethyl-3-vinyl-5, 7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine-6-carboxylate (T100) .To a solution of P3 (200 mg, 0.71 mmol) in dioxane -water (10: 1, v / v, 1 mL) were added 4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethyl-2-vinyl-1, 3, 2-dioxaborolane (163 mg, 1.06 mmol) , XPhos Pd G2 (56 mg, 0.07 mmol) , and Cs2CO3 (461 mg, 1.42 mmol) . After N2 purge, the reaction was stirred at 100 ℃ for 1 h. The reaction was diluted with EA and water. The organic layer was separated, washed with brine, concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography to afford the title compound (160 mg, 0.58 mmol, 82%) . LCMS (m / z) : 275.2 [M+H] +Step 2. Synthesis of tert-butyl 3-formyl-2, 4-dimethyl-5, 7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine-6-carboxylate (T101) .To a solution of T100 (120 mg, 0.44 mmol) in dioxane and water (1: 1, v / v, 2 mL) were added NaIO4 (187 mg, 0.88 mmol) , K2OsO4 (32 mg, 0.09 mmol) . The reaction was stirred at rt for 18 h. The reaction was diluted with EA and water. The organic layer was separated, washed with brine, concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography eluting to afford compound the title compound (60 mg, 0.22 mmol, 50%) . LCMS (m / z) : 277.1 [M+H] +Step 3. Synthesis of tert-butyl 3- (difluoromethyl) -2, 4-dimethyl-5, 7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine-6-carboxylate (T102) .To a solution of T101 (50 mg, 0.18 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) was added DAST (58 mg, 0.36 mmol) , and the reaction was stirred at rt for 1 h. The reaction was diluted with EA and water. The organic layer was separated, washed with brine, concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography to afford the title compound with low purity (65 mg) , which was used in the next step without further purification. LCMS (m / z) : 299.1 [M+H] +Step 4. Synthesis of 3- (difluoromethyl) -2, 4-dimethyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine (T103) .To a flask containing T102 (55 mg, 0.18 mmol) was added HCl (4M in dioxane, 1 mL) . The reaction was stirred at rt for 1 h. The residue was concentrated and purified using reversed phase pre-HPLC to afford the title compound (15 mg, 0.08 mmol, 41%) . LCMS (m / z) : 199.1 [M+H] +Preparation 413-Methoxy-2, 4-dimethyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine hydrochloride (T106)Step 1. Synthesis of methyl 3-cyano-5-methoxy-4, 6-dimethylpicolinate (T104)To a solution of P1 (1.00 g, 4.45 mmol) in dioxane (15 mL) was added XPhos Pd G2 (350 mg, 0.45 mmol) , MeONa (721 mg, 13.36 mmol) and MeOH (5 mL) at rt. The mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 2 h. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc, filtered, concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound (180 mg, 0.82 mmol, 18%) as a colorless oil. LCMS (m / z) : 221.1 [M+H] +Step 2. Synthesis of 3-methoxy-2, 4-dimethyl-5, 6-dihydro-7H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridin-7-one (T105) .To a solution of T104 (180 mg, 0.82 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added Raney nickel (100 mg, 1.70 mmol) at rt. The mixture was stirred for 18 h under H2 atmosphere. The mixture was filtered, concentrated and purified by reversed phase column chromatography to give the title compound (40 mg, 0.208 mmol, 25%) as a colorless oil. LCMS (m / z) : 193.1 [M+H] +Step 3. Synthesis of 3-methoxy-2, 4-dimethyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine hydrochloride (T106) .To a solution of T105 (40 mg, 0.21 mmol) in BH3·Me2S (2M in THF, 6 mL, 12.00 mmol) was stirred at 70 ℃ for 18 h. The mixture was quenched with MeOH at 0 ℃. The mixture was concentrated to give the crude title compound. The crude was diluted with 2M HCl solution. The mixture was stirred for 30 mins at 80 ℃. The mixture was concentrated to give the crude title compound (50 mg, 0.20 mmol, 96%) as a white solid, which was used in the next step directly without further purification. LCMS (m / z) : 179.2 [M+H] +Preparation 423-Chloro-2- (methoxymethyl) -4-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine hydrochloride salt (T109)Step 1. Synthesis of tert-butyl 3-chloro-2- (hydroxymethyl) -4-methyl-5, 7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine-6-carboxylate (T107) .To a solution of P3 (1.0 g, 3.5 mmol) in DCM (20.0 mL) was added 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (1.8 g, 10.6 mmol) , and the reaction was stirred at rt for 1 hr. The reaction was purified directly by silica gel column to afford a white solid. To the white solid was added acetic anhydride (6.3 mL) , and the reaction was stirred at 100 ℃ for 1 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was dissolved in H2O (5.0 mL) , MeOH (10.0 mL) and THF (5.0 mL) . Thereto was added LiOH (453.1 mg, 10.8 mmol) , and the reaction was stirred at rt for 1 h. The reaction was purified by reversed phase silica gel chromatography to afford the title compound (190.7 mg, 0.64 mmol, 18.3%) . LCMS (m / z) : 299.1 [M+H] +Step 2. Synthesis of tert-butyl 3-chloro-2- (methoxymethyl) -4-methyl-5, 7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine-6-carboxylate (T108) .To a solution of T107 (50 mg, 0.16 mmol) in THF (2 mL) was added NaH (10 mg, 0.25 mmol) . The reaction was stirred at 0 ℃ for 30 min. MeI (0.02 mL, 0.25 mmol) was then added. The mixture was stirred at rt for 3 h. The mixture was filtered, concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title product (30 mg, 0.09 mmol, 57%) as a yellow solid. LCMS (m / z) : 313.1 [M+H] +Step 3. Synthesis of 3-chloro-2- (methoxymethyl) -4-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine hydrochloride salt (T109) .The title compound was prepared essentially by the method of Preparation 1 Step 4. LCMS (m / z) : 213.1 [M+H] +Preparation 43(3-Chloro-4-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridin-2-yl) methanol hydrochloride salt (T110)The title compound was prepared essentially by the method of Preparation 1 Step 4. LCMS (m / z) : 199.1 [M+H] +Preparation 443-Chloro-2- (difluoromethyl) -4-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine hydrochloride salt (T113)Step 1. Synthesis of tert-butyl 3-chloro-2-formyl-4-methyl-5, 7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine-6-carboxylate (T111)To a solution of T107 (400 mg, 1.205 mmol) in DCM (4 mL) was added MnO2 (250 mg, 2.876 mmol) , and the reaction was stirred at 40 ℃ for 2 h. The mixture was filtered, concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography to afford the title compound (300 mg, 1.011 mmol, 84%) . LCMS (m / z) : 297.1 [M+H] +Step 2. Synthesis of tert-butyl 3-chloro-2- (difluoromethyl) -4-methyl-5, 7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine-6-carboxylate (T112) .The title compound was prepared essentially by the method of Preparation 33 Step 2. LCMS (m / z) : 319.2 [M+H] +Step 3. Synthesis of 3-chloro-2- (difluoromethyl) -4-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine hydrochloride salt (T113) .The title compound was prepared essentially by the method of Preparation 1 Step 4. LCMS (m / z) : 219.1 [M+H] +Example 1(3-Chloro-2, 4-dimethyl-5, 7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridin-6-yl) (3- (2- (trifluoromethyl) pyridin-4-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentan-1-yl) methanoneTo a solution of P4 (106.52 mg, 0.583 mmol) and P19 (100 mg, 0.389 mmol) in DMA (2.5 mL) was added EDCI (149.14 mg, 0.778 mmol) , HOBT (105.13 mg, 0.778 mmol) and DIPEA (168.5 μL, 0.973 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The resulting mixture was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by reversed-phase Prep-HPLC [column: XBridge BEH Shield RP18 5 μm 30 mm x150 mm; Mobile Phases A: Water (10 mM NH4HCO3) , B: MeCN; 32%B to 58%) to afford the title compound (37.1 mg, 0.088 mmol, 23%) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.68 (d, J = 4.9 Hz, 1H) , 7.51 (s, 1H) , 7.34 (d, J = 5.1, 2.6 Hz, 1H) , 4.95 (s, 2H) , 4.81 (s, 2H) , 2.65 (s, 3H) , 2.55 (s, 6H) , 2.35 (s, 3H) . LCMS (m / z) : 421.8 [M+H] +.The following compounds were prepared essentially by the method of Example 1.Examples 93 and 94(3-Chloro-2, 4-dimethyl-5, 7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridin-6-yl) (3- (isoxazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentan-1-yl) methanone (Example 93)(3-Chloro-2, 4-dimethyl-5, 7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridin-6-yl) (3- (isoxazol-3-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentan-1-yl) methanone (Example 94)Step 1. Synthesis of (E) -3- (3- (dimethylamino) acryloyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (P160)The title compound was synthesized essentially by the method of Preparation 4 Step 3 starting from P39. LC-MS (m / z) : 210.0 [M+H] +Step 2. Synthesis of (E) -1- (3- (3-chloro-2, 4-dimethyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine-6-carbonyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentan-1-yl) -3- (dimethylamino) prop-2-en-1-one (P161)To a solution of P160 (586 mg, 2.723 mmol) in DMA (6 mL) were added P4 (497.41 mg, 2.723 mmol) , NMI (223.58 mg, 2.723 mmol) and TCFH (764.10 mg, 2.723 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (20 mL) and water (15 mL) , the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2 × 20 mL) . The organic layers were combined and washed with brine (20 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, and purified by reversed-phase flash chromatography [column, C18 silica gel; mobile phases A: Water (0.5%NH4HCO3) , B: MeCN, 10%to 70%] to afford the title compound.Step 3. Synthesis of (3-Chloro-2, 4-dimethyl-5, 7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridin-6-yl) (3- (isoxazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentan-1-yl) methanone (Examples 93) and (3-Chloro-2, 4-dimethyl-5, 7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridin-6-yl) (3- (isoxazol-3-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentan-1-yl) methanone (Examples 94)To a solution of P161 (210 mg, 0.562 mmol) in methanol (4 mL) was added hydroxylamine hydrochloride (78.1 mg, 1.123 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 1 h. The residue was purified by reversed-phase flash with the following conditions [Column: YMC Triart C18 Ex 5 μm, 30 mm *150 mm; Mobile Phases A: Water (10 mM NH4HCO3) , B: CH3CN; Gradient: 36%to 48%] to afford Example 93 (the first eluate) (31.2 mg, 0.091 mmol, 16%) ; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.51 (t, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 6.39 (dd, J = 3.3, 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 5.07 -4.83 (m, 2H) , 4.74 -4.49 (m, 2H) , 2.55 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 3H) , 2.54 (s, 3H) , 2.51 (s, 3H) , 2.32 (d, J = 12.6 Hz, 3H) . LCMS (m / z) : 344.0 [M+H] + and Example 94 (the second eluate) (2.9 mg, 0.008 mmol, 2%) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.87 (t, J = 1.6 Hz, 1H) , 6.58 (dd, J = 3.0, 1.7 Hz, 1H) , 4.97 (m, 2H) , 4.64 (m, 2H) , 2.55 (s, 3H) , 2.50 (s, 3H) , 2.47 (s, 3H) , 2.32 (d, J = 11.6 Hz, 3H) . LCMS (m / z) : 344.0 [M+H] +Examples 95 and 96(3-Chloro-2, 4-dimethyl-5, 7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridin-6-yl) (3- (1- (difluoromethyl) -1H-pyrazol-3-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentan-1-yl) methanone (Examples 95) and (3-chloro-2, 4-dimethyl- (3-chloro-2, 4-dimethyl-5, 7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridin-6-yl) (3- (1- (difluoromethyl) -1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentan-1-yl) methanone (Examples 96)Step 1. Synthesis of (3- (1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentan-1-yl) (3-chloro-2, 4-dimethyl-5, 7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridin-6-yl) methanone (P162)To a solution of P161 (218 mg, 0.583 mmol) in MeOH (0.4 mL) were added hydrazine HCl salt (39.94 mg, 0.583 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 80℃ for 1 h. The solvent was removed and the residue was purified by reversed-phase flash chromatography [column, C18 silica gel; mobile phases, Water (0.5%NH4HCO3) , B: MeCN, 10%to 70%] to afford the title compound (113 mg, 0.330 mmol, 57%) . LCMS (m / z) : 342.8 [M+H] +Step 2. Synthesis of (3-Chloro-2, 4-dimethyl-5, 7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridin-6-yl) (3- (1- (difluoromethyl) -1H-pyrazol-3-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentan-1-yl) methanone (Examples 95) and (3-chloro-2, 4-dimethyl- (3-chloro-2, 4-dimethyl-5, 7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridin-6-yl) (3- (1- (difluoromethyl) -1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentan-1-yl) methanone (Examples 96)To a solution of P162 (50 mg, 0.146 mmol) in MeCN (2 mL) was added potassium fluoride (42.37 mg, 0.729 mmol) followed by diethyl (bromodifluoromethyl) phosphonate (77.9 mg, 0.292 mmol) (dropwise) at rt under N2. The mixture was stirred for 2 h at 30 ℃. The mixture was diluted with water (100 mL) and EtOAc (20 mL) , the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3 × 50 mL) . The combined organic layer was washed with brine (2 × 50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, and purified by reversed-phase chromatography [column: YMC Triart C18 Ex 5 μm, 30 mm *150 mm; Mobile Phases A: Water (0.5%NH4HCO3) , B: MeCN, 39%to 55%] to afford Example 95 (the first eluate) (6.5 mg, 0.013 mmol, 8%) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.59 -7.43 (m, 1H) , 7.26 (s, 1H) , 6.32 -6.16 (m, 1H) , 4.92 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H) , 4.79 (s, 2H) , 2.63 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 3H) , 2.60 (s, 6H) , 2.34 (s, 3H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ -93.25, -93.30. LCMS: (m / z) : 392.9 [M+H] + and Example 96 (the second eluate) (1.2 mg, 0.003 mmol, 2%) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.59 -7.43 (m, 1H) , 7.26 (s, 1H) , 6.32 -6.16 (m, 1H) , 4.92 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H) , 4.79 (s, 2H) , 2.63 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 3H) , 2.60 (s, 6H) , 2.34 (s, 3H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ -93.25, -93.30. LCMS (m / z) : 392.9 [M+H] +Example 97( (1s, 3s) -3- (1H-Pyrazol-4-yl) cyclobutyl) (3-chloro-2, 4-dimethyl-5, 7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridin-6-yl) methanoneTo a solution of Example 53 (120 mg, 0.289 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) was added TFA (1 mL, 13.059 mmol) at 0 ℃. Then the mixture was stirred at rt for 1h. The mixture was concentrated and purified by reversed-phase HPLC [column: XBridge BEH C18 OBD Prep Column 130, 5 μm, 30 mm *150 mm; Mobile Phases A: Water (10mM NH4HCO3) , B: MeCN; 14%to 22%B] to give the title compound (10.2 mg, 0.028 mmol, 10%) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 7.51 (s, 2H) , 4.90 (s, 1H) , 4.81 (t, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H) , 4.75 (s, 1H) , 4.69 (d, J = 1.4 Hz, 1H) , 3.43 (dtt, J = 23.0, 9.8, 7.8 Hz, 2H) , 2.71 -2.61 (m, 2H) , 2.60 (d, J = 1.1 Hz, 3H) , 2.38 (d, J = 2.7 Hz, 3H) , 2.36 -2.28 (m, 2H) . LCMS (m / z) : 331.0 [M+H] +Example 98(3-Chloro-2, 4-dimethyl-5, 7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridin-6-yl) ( (1s, 3s) -3- (1- (methyl-d3) -1H-pyrazol-4-yl) cyclobutyl) methanoneTo a solution of Example 97 (100 mg, 0.302 mmol) and iodomethane-d3 (43.82 mg, 0.302 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was added NaH (60%mineral oil, 8.71 mg, 0.363 mmol) at 0 ℃ under N2. The mixture was stirred at rt for 1h. The mixture was poured into ice NH4Cl solution (5 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2 mL × 3) . The organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, and purified by reversed-phase HPLC [Column YMC Triart C18 Ex5 μm, 30 mm *150 mm; Mobile Phases A: Water (10 mM NH4HCO3) , B: MeCN, 22%to 44%] to give the title compound (24.2 mg, 0.069 mmol, 23%) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.50 (d, J = 1.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.26 (s, 1H) , 4.82 (s, 1H) , 4.73 (s, 1H) , 4.64 (s, 1H) , 4.55 (s, 1H) , 3.27 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H) , 2.54 (s, 3H) , 2.51 (s, 1H) , 2.49 (s, 1H) , 2.30 (s, 3H) , 2.16 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H) . LCMC (m / z) : 348.1 [M+H] +The following compounds were prepared essentially by the method of Example 95.Examples 100(3-Chloro-2, 4-dimethyl-5, 7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridin-6-yl) ( (1s, 3s) -3- (1-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) cyclobutyl) methanoneTo a solution of Example 97 (100 mg, 0.302 mmol) and potassium cyclopropyltrifluoroborate (53.68 mg, 0.363 mmol) in MeCN (1 mL) was added cupric bis (acetate) hydrate (120.7 mg, 0.605 mmol) , 1, 10-phenanthroline (136.18 mg, 0.756 mmol) and K2CO3 (125.32 mg, 0.907 mmol) at rt. After 1 h, the mixture was poured into ice water (5 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3 mL × 3) . The organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, and purified by reversed-phase Prep-HPLC [Column, YMC Triart C18 Ex 5 μm, 30 mm *150 mm; Mobile Phases A: Water (10 mM NH4HCO3) , B: MeCN; 34%to 46%) to give the title compound (18.1 mg, 0.047 mmol, 15%) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.58 (t, J = 1.2 Hz, 1H) , 7.26 (t, J =1.2 Hz, 1H) , 4.81 (s, 1H) , 4.75 -4.70 (m, 1H) , 4.64 (s, 1H) , 4.55 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 3.63 (ttd, J = 7.4, 3.9, 1.7 Hz, 1H) , 3.27 (ddt, J = 10.1, 8.0, 1.9 Hz, 2H) , 2.54 (s, 3H) , 2.52 (s, 1H) , 2.49 (s, 1H) , 2.30 (s, 3H) , 2.16 (dtd, J = 11.4, 9.4, 8.9, 4.2 Hz, 2H) , 0.98 (dq, J = 6.5, 4.1, 3.2 Hz, 2H) , 0.95 -0.86 (m, 2H) . LCMS (m / z) : 370.9 [M+H] +Example 101(3-Chloro-2, 4-dimethyl-5, 7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridin-6-yl) (3- (1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) azetidin-1-yl) methanoneStep 1. Synthesis of tert-butyl 3- (1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) azetidine-1-carboxylate (P163)A solution of tert-butyl 3-iodoazetidine-1-carboxylate (1.0 g, 3.532 mmol) , Pd (PPh3) 4 (0.41 g, 0.353 mmol) , K3PO4 (2.25 g, 10.597 mmol) and (1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) boronic acid (0.67 g, 5.298 mmol) in H2O (2 mL) and DMF (10 mL) was stirred for 2 h at 60 ℃ under N2. The resulting mixture was diluted with water (30 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3 × 15 mL) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (3 × 15 mL) and dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated and purified by reversed-phase flash chromatography [column, C18 silica gel, mobile phases A: water (10 mM NH4HCO3, B: MeCN, 15%to 50%) afford the title compound (200 mg, 0.843 mmol, 24%) . LCMS (m / z) : 238.0 [M+H] +Step 2. Synthesis of 4- (azetidin-3-yl) -1-methyl-1H-pyrazole hydrochloride (P164)A mixture of P163 (80 mg, 0.337 mmol) and HCl (4M in MeOH; 0.5 mL) was stirred for 1 h at rt. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum to give the crude title compound80 mg) , which was used directly in the next step directly without further purification. LCMS: (m / z) : 138.0 [M+H] +Step 3. Synthesis of 3-chloro-2, 4-dimethyl-5, 7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridine-6-carbonyl chloride (P165)To a stirred solution of P4 (50 mg, 0.274 mmol) in DCM (1 mL) was added triphosgene (81.23 mg, 0.274 mmol) in portions at 0 ℃. The resulting mixture was stirred for 20 min at rt. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum to give the crude title compound (50 mg, 0.204 mmol, 75%) , which was used directly in the next step directly without further purification.Step 4. Synthesis of (3-chloro-2, 4-dimethyl-5, 7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridin-6-yl) (3- (1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) azetidin-1-yl) methanone (Example 101)A solution of P165 (71.46 mg, 0.292 mmol) , P164 (80 mg, 0.292 mmol) and TEA (0.12 mL, 0.875 mmol) in THF (1 mL) was stirred for 1 h at rt. The resulting mixture was concentrated and purified by reversed-phase Prep-HPLC [column: YMC Triart C18 ExRs 5 μm, 30 mm *150 mm; Mobile Phases A: Water (10 mM NH4HCO3) , B: MeCN; 26%to 50%] to afford the title compound (4.1 mg, 0.012 mmol, 4%) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 7.62 (s, 1H) , 7.49 (d, J = 0.9 Hz, 1H) , 4.76 (s, 2H) , 4.69 (t, J = 2.0 Hz, 2H) , 4.47 (t, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H) , 4.05 (dd, J = 7.9, 6.4 Hz, 2H) , 3.87 (s, 3H) , 3.85 -3.77 (m, 1H) , 2.59 (s, 3H) , 2.36 (s, 3H) . LCMS (m / z) : 346.1 [M+H] +Example 102Rac- ( (1S, 2S) -2- (1H-pyrazol-4-yl) cyclopropyl) (3-chloro-2, 4-dimethyl-5, 7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridin-6-yl) methanoneStep 1. Synthesis of rac-ethyl (1R, 2R) -2- (1- (tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl) -1H-pyrazol-4-yl) cyclopropane-1-carboxylate (P166)A mixture of rac-potassium ( (1R, 2R) -2- (ethoxycarbonyl) cyclopropyl) trifluoroborate (714.14 mg, 3.245 mmol) , 4-bromo-1- (tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl) -1H-pyrazole (500 mg, 2.164 mmol) , butyl [di (tricyclo [3.3.1.13, 7] decan-3-yl) ] phosphane (155.16 mg, 0.433 mmol) , Pd (OAc) 2 (48.58 mg, 0.216 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (2114.89 mg, 6.491 mmol) in toluene (2 mL) / H2O (0.4 mL) was stirred for 2 h at 90 ℃ under N2. The resulting mixture was concentrated and purified by reversed-phase flash chromatography [column, C18 silica gel; Mobile Phases A: Water (0.5%NH4HCO3) , B: MeCN, 10%to 50%) afford the title compound (300 mg, 0.851 mmol, 39%) . LCMS (m / z) : 264.9 [M+H] +Step 2. Synthesis of rac- (1R, 2R) -2- (1- (tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl) -1H-pyrazol-4-yl) cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (P167)To a solution of P166 (270 mg, 1.021 mmol) in THF (1 mL) were added LiOH (128.59 mg, 3.064 mmol) in H2O (1 mL) and EtOH (1 mL) , and the mixture was stirred at 60℃ for 2 h. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo to afford the crude title compound, which was used in the next step without further purification. LCMC (m / z) : 236.9 [M+H] +Step 3. Synthesis of rac- (3-chloro-2, 4-dimethyl-5, 7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridin-6-yl) ( (1S, 2S) -2- (1- (tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl) -1H-pyrazol-4-yl) cyclopropyl) methanone (P168)To a solution of P167 (210 mg, 0.889 mmol) in DMA (5 mL) were added HATU (675.93 mg, 1.778 mmol) , DIPEA (344.64 mg, 2.666 mmol) , and P4 (162.34 mg, 0.889 mmol) , and the reaction was stirred at rt for 2 h. The reaction was quenched by the addition of H2O (3 mL) at 0 ℃. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 × 3 mL) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (3 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated and purified by reversed-phase flash chromatography [column: C18 silica gel, mobile phases A: Water (0.5%NH4HCO3) , B: MeCN, 10%to 50%] to afford the title compound (120 mg, 0.299 mmol, 34%) . LCMS (m / z) : 401.5 [M+H] +Step 4. Synthesis of rac- ( (1S, 2S) -2- (1H-pyrazol-4-yl) cyclopropyl) (3-chloro-2, 4-dimethyl-5, 7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridin-6-yl) methanone (Example 102)To a solution of P168 (100 mg, 0.249 mmol) in DCM (1 mL) was added TFA (1 mL, 13.059 mmol) , and the reaction was stirred at rt for 2 h. The resulting mixture was concentrated and purified by reversed-phase Prep-HPLC [Column: XBridge BEH C18 OBD Prep Column 130, 5 μm, 30 mm *150 mm; Mobile Phases A: Water (0.5%NH4HCO3) , B: MeCN, 15%to 40%] to afford the title compound (4.9 mg, 0.015 mmol, 6%) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 7.52 (s, 2H) , 5.09 (t, J = 14.4 Hz, 1H) , 5.02 -4.90 (m, 1H) , 4.77 (s, 1H) , 4.71 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H) , 2.60 (s, 3H) , 2.44 -2.33 (m, 4H) , 2.08 (dddd, J = 18.2, 8.2, 5.1, 4.1 Hz, 1H) , 1.54 (ddd, J = 9.1, 5.1, 4.0 Hz, 1H) , 1.28 (ddt, J = 8.3, 6.4, 4.2 Hz, 1H) . LCMS (m / z) : 317.0 [M+H] +The following compounds were prepared essentially by the method of Example 99.a: Two enantiomers were separated by Prep-Chiral-HPLC with the following conditions: Column: CHIRAL ART Cellulose-SB 3*25cm, 5m; Mobile Phases A: (hexane (0.1%diethylamine) , B: EtOH: DCM=1: 1; isocratic 40%. Example 104 as first eluate and Example 105 as second eluate.b: Two enantiomers were separated by Prep-Chiral-HPLC with the following conditions: Column: CHIRAL ART Cellulose-SB 3*25cm, 5m; Mobile Phases A: hexane (0.1%diethylamine) , B: EtOH: DCM=1: 1; isocratic 40%) with Example 106 as first eluate and Example 107 as second eluate.Example 110(3-Chloro-2, 4-dimethyl-5, 7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridin-6-yl) (3-fluoro-3- (1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) cyclobutyl) methanoneStep 1. Synthesis of (3-chloro-2, 4-dimethyl-5, 7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridin-6-yl) (3-hydroxy-3- (1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) cyclobutyl) methanone (P169)A solution of P4 (150 mg, 0.821 mmol) , P76 (161.14 mg, 0.821 mmol) , TCFH (1152.12 mg, 4.106 mmol) and 1-methylimidazole (337.16 mg, 4.106 mmol) in DMA (2 mL) was stirred for 1 h at rt. The reaction was quenched with H2O (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3 × 5 mL) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM: MeOH, 20: 1) to afford the title compound (160 mg, 0.443 mmol, 54%) . LCMS (m / z) : 360.6 [M+H] +Step 2. Synthesis of (3-chloro-2, 4-dimethyl-5, 7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridin-6-yl) (3-fluoro-3- (1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) cyclobutyl) methanone (Example 110)To a stirred solution of P169 (145 mg, 0.402 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added difluoro (morpholino) sulfonium tetrafluoroborate (140.78 mg, 0.804 mmol) dropwise at 0℃ under N2. The resulting mixture was stirred for 1 h at rt. The reaction was quenched with saturated aq. NaHCO3 (5 mL) at 0℃. The resulting mixture was extracted with DCM (3 × 10 mL) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (3 × 5 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated and purified by reversed-phase Prep-HPLC [Column: YMC Triart C18 Ex 5 μm, 30 mm *150 mm; Mobile Phases A: Water (10 mM NH4HCO3) , B: MeCN; 35%to 42%] to afford the title compound (6.2 mg, 0.017 mmol, 4%) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.40 -7.31 (m, 1H) , 6.39 (td, J = 2.3, 1.2 Hz, 1H) , 4.85 (s, 1H) , 4.77 (s, 1H) , 4.64 (s, 1H) , 4.55 (s, 1H) , 3.85 -3.75 (m, 3H) , 3.75 -3.62 (m, 1H) , 3.06 -2.79 (m, 4H) , 2.55 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 3H) , 2.37 -2.24 (m, 3H) . LCMS (m / z) : 363.0 [M+H] +Example 202(3- (4-chloro-1, 3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentan-1-yl) (3-chloro-2, 4-dimethyl-5, 7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridin-6-yl) methanoneStep 1. Synthesis of (3-chloro-2, 4-dimethyl-5, 7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] pyridin-6-yl) (3-hydroxy-3- (1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) cyclobutyl) methanone (Example 202)To a solution of Example 21 (50 mg, 0.135 mmol) in MeCN (2 mL) was added NCS (27.0 mg, 0.202 mmol) and the reaction was stirred at 70 ℃ for 2 h. The resulting mixture was directly purified by reversed phase Prep-HPLC to afford the title compound (22.6 mg, 0.055 mmol, 41%) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 5.01 (s, 1H) , 4.96 (s, 1H) , 4.69 (s, 1H) , 4.60 (s, 1H) , 3.78 (d, 3H) , 2.65 (d, 6H) , 2.56 (s, 3H) , 2.33 (d, 3H) , 2.07 (d, 3H) . LCMS (m / z) : 405.2 [M+H] +Biological AssayAssay 1: Human M4 calcium mobilization assayHuman M4 mAChR expressing stable cell line was generated using a Flp-In-CHO cell expressing a chimeric Gq protein, Gqi5 (Pharmaron Flp-In-CHO-Gqi5-M4 Clone#57) . The cells were grown in complete growth media containing 90%Ham’s F-12K (Hyclone SH30526.01) , 10%fetal bovine serum (FBS, Ausgenex FBS500-S) , 1 x Penicillin-Streptomycin (PS, Gibco 15140122) , 800 ug / mL Hygromycin B (Sigma-Aldrich V900372) and 800 ug / mL G418 (Beyotime ST081) .One day prior to assay, cells were rinsed with PBS (Solarbio P1020-500) and lifted using TrypLETM Express enzyme (ThermoFisher Scientific 12604021) at sub-confluency. TrypLETM Express enzyme was inactivated by 1: 3 dilution with assay media (90%Ham’s F-12K, 10%fetal bovine serum) . The cells were spun in a centrifuge at 250 times gravity for 3 minutes at room temperature. Supernatant was removed and the cell pellet was resuspended in assay media to a concentration of 2.8 X 105 cells / mL. Cells were then added to assay plates (Corning 3764) as 25 uL per well (7000 cells) and incubated overnight (20-24 hours) in a 37℃ humidified incubator with 5%carbon dioxide (CO2) .The following day, culture media were removed from the cell plates and replaced with 20 uL assay buffer (1 X HBSS (Gibco 14025076) containing 20 mM HEPES (Gibco 15630080) ) . An equal volume of 2 X Ca2+ indicator (FLIPR Calcium 6 Assay Kit, Molecular Devices R8191) was added to each well. Plates were then covered and incubated for 2 hours in a 37℃ humidified incubator with 5%carbon dioxide (CO2) prior to assay in the FLIPR (Molecular Devices FLIPRTetra) .Compounds were prepared during the incubation. Test compounds were solubilized in 100%dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, Sigma-Aldrich D8418) to a concentration of 10 mM. A 10-point intermediate dilution series using half log dilutions were created in 100%DMSO by liquid handler (Labcyte Echo 555) , as 250 nL per well in 384-well compound plates (Corning 3657) . To the prepared serially diluted compound plates, 250 nL of 10 mM ACh (MCE HY-B0282, 10 uM final) or 250 nL of 100%DMSO (0.1%final) was added to the positive and negative control wells, respectively. Compound plates were then diluted by adding 50 uL of assay buffer.At the end of the 2 h equilibration, a baseline signal was collected with FLIPR, once per second for 10 s prior to compound addition followed by 240 s signal collection at 1 s interval for each addition. For the first addition, 10 uL of test compound, ACh or DMSO was transferred from the compound plates to the cell plates. For the second and third addition, 10 uL of 6 X EC20 concentration of ACh or 10 uL of 7 X EC80 concentration of ACh was transferred to the cell plated, respectively. Prior to compound testing, concentration response curve was run for ACh to determine the EC20 and EC80 concentration.The raw data files were exported from the FLIPR ScreenWorks software. Maximum fold increase in fluorescence was determined by dividing the maximum value of fluorescence obtained after compound addition by the average of the baseline values taken before compound addition. The percent effect at each compound concentration was calculated based on and relative to the maximum fold increase in fluorescence after the first addition produced by the positive and negative control wells contained on each plate. The positive control cells contained an EC100 concentration of ACh and the negative control wells contained only DMSO. The concentration and %effect values were analyzed using GraphPad PRISM and fitted in a four-parameter logistic dose response equation. The relative EC50 value (Potency) and the maximum asymptote of the concentration response curve (Efficacy) were then determined.Table 3 below shows the results for exemplary compounds.Table 3. Relative EC50 value and efficacy of exemplary compoundsRelative EC50: <100 nM ***, 100-1000 nM **, >1000 nM *Efficacy: >90%***, 75%-90%**, <75%*The foregoing description is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the present disclosure. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and process shown as described above. Accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be considered to fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims that follow.
Claims
1.A compound having a Formula (I) : or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,whereineach R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, alkoxyl, alkylthio, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, -N (Ra) (Rb) , -N (Ra) C (=O) (Ra) , -C (=O) N (Ra) (Rb) , -O-C (=O) -N (Ra) (Rb) , -C (=O) Ra, and -C (=O) ORa, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, alkoxyl, alkylthio, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and cycloalkyl are independently optionally substituted with one or more Rc;n1 is 0, 1, 2 or 3;each R2 is independently selected from deuterium, cyano, or alkyl optionally substituted with one or more Rc;n2 is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;ring A is selected fromwherein *end of ring A is connected to Y;X is selected from CH or N;m is 0, 1 or 2;q is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;each R5 is independently selected from deuterium, halogen, alkyl or alkoxyl optionally substituted with one or more Rc; orone of R5 taken together with R3 and the intervening atoms therebetween form a cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one or more Rc;in each occurrence is independentlyin each occurrence is independently selected fromeach R3 is independently selected from hydrogen or alkyl;n3 is 0, 1, or 2;n4 is 0 or 1;L is selected from a bond, -O-, -S-, -N (Ra) -, i is 0, 1 or 2;j is 1, 2 or 3;k is 0, 1 or 2;ring B is selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl;each R4 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, amino, cyano, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, -N (Ra) (Rb) , -N (Ra) C (=O) (Ra) , -C (=O) N (Ra) (Rb) , -O-C (=O) -N (Ra) (Rb) , -C (=O) Ra, -ORa, and -C (=O) ORa, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl are independently optionally substituted with one or more Rc;n5 is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5;Ra and Rb at each occurrence is each independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl or cycloalkyl, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and cycloalkyl are independently optionally substituted with one or more Rc; orRa and Rb taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from deuterium, halogen, amino, cyano, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, alkoxyl, alkylthio, haloalkyl and hydroxyalkyl; andeach Rc is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, amino, cyano, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -NH (alkyl) and -N (alkyl) 2.2.The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, cyano, alkyl, heteroalkyl, haloalkyl and hydroxyalkyl, wherein the alkyl, heteroalkyl, haloalkyl and hydroxyalkyl are optionally substituted with one or more Rc.3.The compound of claim 2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, -CH3, -CD3, -CH2OH, and -CH2OCH3.4.The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein n2 is 0.5.The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein n2 is 1.6.The compound of claim 5, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2 is alkyl.7.The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein ring A is 8.The compound of claim 7, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X is N.9.The compound of claim 7, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X is CH.10.The compound of claim 9, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein m is 0.11.The compound of claim 10, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein q is 0.12.The compound of claim 10 or 11, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein n3 and n4 are 0.13.The compound of any one of claims 7-9, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein m is 2.14.The compound of claim 13, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein q is 0.15.The compound of claim 13 or 14, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein n3 and n4 are 0.16.The compound of any one of claims 7-9, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein m is 1.17.The compound of claim 16, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R5 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, alkyl and alkoxyl.18.The compound of claim 16, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein ring A is selected from the group consisting of: 19.The compound of any one of claims 16-18, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein n3 and n4 are 0.20.The compound of any one of claims 7-9, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein n3 is 1 or 2, n4 is 0 or 1, and one of R5 taken together with R3 and the intervening atoms therebetween form a cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one or more Rc.21.The compound of claim 20, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein is -CH2CH (R3) -, -CH2N (R3) -, -CH2CH2CH (R3) -, or -CH2CH2N (R3) -.22.The compound of claim 20 or 21, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein is selected from wherein **end is connected to L.23.The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein ring A is 24.The compound of claim 23, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein ring A is 25.The compound of claim 23 or 24, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein n3 is 0, and n4 is 0.26.The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein ring A is 27.The compound of claim 26, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein ring A is 28.The compound of claim 26 or 27, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein n3 is 0, and n4 is 0.29.The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L is -O-.30.The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L is a bond.31.The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L is 32.The compound of claim 31, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L is -CH2-, -CH2CH2-or -CH2CH2CH2-.33.The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L is 34.The compound of claim 33, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L is -OCH2-, -CH2O-, -OCH2CH2-, -CH2OCH2-or -CH2CH2O-.35.The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L is -N (Ra) -or 36.The compound of claim 35, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L is -NH-, -N (CH3) -, -NHCH2-, -CH2NH-, -NHCH2CH2-, -CH2NHCH2-or -CH2CH2NH-.37.The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein ring B is heteroaryl.38.The compound of claim 37, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein ring B is selected from pyrazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiazolyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, imidazolyl, pyrimidinyl, triazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, dihydropyrrolopyrazolyl, pyrazinyl, indazolyl, pyrazolo [3, 4-b] pyridinyl, 2, 3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo [2, 3-b] pyridinyl, 2, 3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo [2, 3-c] pyridinyl, 2, 3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo [3, 2-c] pyridinyl, 2, 3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo [3, 2-b] pyridinyl, 1H-benzo [d] imidazolyl, or imidazo [1, 2-a] pyridinyl.39.The compound of claim 37 or 38, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R4 is independently selected from the group consisting of cyano, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl and -ORa, wherein the alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl are independently optionally substituted with one or more Rc.40.The compound of claim 39, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each Rc is independently selected from deuterium, halogen, alkoxyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -NH (alkyl) or -N (alkyl) 2.41.The compound of claim 39 or 40, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R4 is independently selected from cyano, -F, -Cl, -CH3, -CD3, -CF3, -CF2H, -CH2CH3, -CD2CD3, -OCH3, -OCF2H, -CH2OCH3, -CH2-cyclopropyl, -O-cyclopropyl, -CH2-phenyl, -CH2CH2N (CH3) 2, cyclopropyl, oxetanyl, tetrahydropyanyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, or piperidinyl.42.The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein is selected from the group consisting of: 43.The compound of any one of claims 1-42, having a formula selected from: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein p is 1 or 2.44.The compound of claim 43, having a formula selected from: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.45.The compound of claim 44, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, alkyl, heteroalkyl, haloalkyl, and hydroxyalkyl, wherein the alkyl heteroalkyl, haloalkyl, and hydroxyalkyl are independently optionally substituted with one or more Rc, and each Rc is independently selected from deuterium, halogen, hydroxyl, or alkoxyl.46.The compound of claim 44 or 45, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L is a bond, O or -CH2-.47.The compound of any one of claims 44-46, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein ring B is heteroaryl.48.The compound of any one of claims 44-47, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R4 is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl, wherein the alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl are independently optionally substituted with one or more Rc, and each Rc is independently selected from deuterium, halogen, alkoxyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -NH (alkyl) or -N (alkyl) 2.49.The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound is selected from any compound set forth in Table 1 or 2.50.A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of any one of claim 1-49, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.51.A method for treating a disease or medical condition via modulation of M4 and / or M4-related cellular processes, which comprises administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of any one of claim 1-49 or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 50.52.The method of claim 51, wherein the disease or medical condition treated via modulation of M4 and / or M4-related cellular processes is selected from the group consisting of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) , autism, chronic or acute pain, addiction, sleep disorders, Alzheimer’s disease, Lewy body dementia, Parkinson’s disease dementia, frontotemporal dementia, Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy, mild cognitive impairment, drug-induced dyskinesia, drug-induced psychotic symptoms, progressive supranuclear palsy, Huntington's Disease, dry mouth, pulmonary hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) , asthma, ileus, intestinal obstruction, inflammatory bowel disease, urinary incontinence, urinary retention, glaucoma, ocular hypertension, skin lesions, Down Syndrome, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, Hereditary Cerebral Hemorrhage with Amyloidosis of the Dutch-Type (HCHWA-D) , Creutzfeld-Jakob disease, prion disorders, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, inclusion body myositis, other forms of peripheral amyloidosis, diabetes, atherosclerosis, head trauma, stroke, alcoholic liver disease, pancreatitis.53.The method of claim 52, wherein the disease or medical condition treated via modulation of M4 and / or M4-related cellular processes is selected from the group consisting of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, chronic or acute pain, addiction, Alzheimer's Disease, Huntington’s disease, drug-induced dyskinesia, inflammatory bowel disease, and skin lesions.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Carboxamide compounds and their use as chemokine receptor agonists
CN101925383A
5,7-dihydro-pyrrolo-pyridine derivatives for treating neurological and neurodegenerative diseases
CN109641898A
Dihydro-pyrrolo-pyridine derivatives
CN110944998A
Pyrrolidine derivatives
CN114728964A
Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and preparation method and application of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound
CN117946112A
Cited By
Bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane derivatives and uses thereof
WO2026092640A1