Antibody drug conjugates targeting to b7-h3 and EGFR and the use thereof
Bispecific Antibody Drug Conjugates targeting B7-H3 and EGFR provide a targeted and effective treatment for cancer by conjugating a topoisomerase I inhibitor with a Cathepsin B enzyme-cleavable linker, achieving high anti-tumor efficacy with reduced side effects.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/140954
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-12-22
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-20
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-26
AI Technical Summary
Current cancer therapies using cytotoxic agents often result in severe toxic side effects due to low selectivity, and biomacromolecule drugs like antibodies have limited therapeutic effects on solid tumors, necessitating the development of more targeted and effective treatments.
The development of bispecific Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADCs) that specifically target B7-H3 and EGFR, conjugated with a topoisomerase I inhibitor (NT1) via a Cathepsin B enzyme-cleavable linker, allowing for targeted delivery and release of the cytotoxic payload within cancer cells.
The bispecific ADCs demonstrate high affinity for cells expressing B7-H3 and EGFR, exhibit strong endocytosis efficiency, remarkable bystander activity, and induce apoptosis in target cells, achieving a high anti-tumor effect with low toxicity and improved stability.
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Figure PCTCN2024140954-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
Antibody Drug Conjugates targeting to B7-H3 and EGFR and the use thereof
[0001] Cross-reference to related applications
[0002] This application is based on PCT application No. PCT / CN2023 / 141077, filed on December 22, 2023, and claims priority to the aforementioned application, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference into this application.Technical Field
[0003] The present invention relates to Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADCs) comprising antibodies that specifically bind to B7-H3 and EGFR, and to a composition containing said antibody drug conjugates. The invention also relates to therapeutic and diagnostic uses of these ADCs.Background
[0004] Therapies using cytotoxic agents are important therapies for treating cancer, but low selectivity cytotoxic agents often kill normal cells, causing severe toxic side effects. Biomacromolecule drugs, such as antibodies or antibody fragments, although highly targeting, have limited therapeutic effects on solid tumors, thereby limiting their applications. The antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) is a conjugate of an antibody and a small molecule drug, combines the targeting effect of the antibody with the high activity of the small molecule drug (such as a cytotoxic agent) , and has the advantages of high curative effect, high safety, and the like.
[0005] The preclinical and clinical landscape for bispecific ADCs is increasing. The number of disclosed bispecific ADCs, in preclinical development has increased substantially over the years and the number entering into clinical development has also increased. From 2021, 2022 and 2023 the number of disclosed bispecific ADCs has increased from nine in 2021 to eighteen in 2022 and 2023. The number of bispecific ADCs entering into clinical development has increased from two in 2021 to four in 2022 and three in 2023. All the bispecific ADCs are in early clinical development.
[0006] Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and B7-H3 (CD276) , a member of the immune checkpoint family, are expressed in a broad range of tumors. EGFR and B7-H3 are prominently expressed in head and neck cancers, esophageal, and renal cancer. The number of new cases and the mortality rate for head and neck and esophageal cancers are high in Asia. Renal cancer has higher number of new cases and mortality rates in not only Asia but also in Europe and North America.
[0007] Elevated expression of B7-H3 and EGFR in cancer has been associated with poor patient survival. (Dai, L., et al. (2023) . "Multi-omics analyses of CD276 in pan-cancer reveals its clinical prognostic value in glioblastoma and other major cancer types. " BMC Cancer 23 (1) : 102) . EGFR and B7-H3 have low to limited expression in normal tissues thus making these attractive targets for cancer therapy. (Scharpenseel, H., et al. (2019) . "EGFR and HER3 expression in circulating tumor cells and tumor tissue from non-small cell lung cancer patients. " Sci Rep 9 (1) : 7406; Rehmani, H. S. and N. Issaeva (2020) . "EGFR in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: exploring possibilities of novel drug combinations. " Ann Transl Med 8 (13) : 813; Scribner, J. A., et al. (2020) . "Preclinical Development of MGC018, a Duocarmycin-based Antibody-drug Conjugate Targeting B7-H3 for Solid Cancer. " Mol Cancer Ther 19 (11) : 2235-2244; Liu, S., et al. (2021) . "The Role of CD276 in Cancers. " Front Oncol 11: 654684) .
[0008] There are traditional IgGs, a bispecific antibody, T-cell engagers, CAR-Ts and ADCs in clinical development selectively targeting B7-H3 and / or EGFR. A CAR-T targeting B7-H3 and EGFR has been disclosed but no bispecific ADCs targeting B7-H3 and EGFR have been disclosed. (Qin, Y. and G. Xu (2022) . "Enhancing CAR T-cell therapies against solid tumors: Mechanisms and reversion of resistance. " Front Immunol 13: 1053120. ) .
[0009] Accordingly, there is still a need to develop new ADC molecules, in particular, those having advantages of high therapeutic effect, high safety (including low side effects) , being useful for the treatment of various tumor cancers, being useful for the treatment of drug-resistant tumors, and / or having high product uniformity.Summary
[0010] The present invention provides an immunoconjugate which comprises an antibody targeting B7-H3 and EGFR (e.g., the bispecific antibody or antigen binding fragment binding to B7-H3 and EGFR in the present invention) and other payload.
[0011] In one embodiment, the immunoconjugate is an antibody drug conjugate (ADC) .
[0012] Therefore, the present invention provides a bispecific ADC targeting B7-H3 and EGFR, which is conjugated to the topoisomerase I inhibitor, NT1 (payload of NT3) . The anti-EGFR arm is the same as the Zalutumumab, which is in clinical development. The ADC linker-payload, NT3, is composed of the topoisomerase I inhibitor payload (NT1) which chemically attached to a Cathepsin B enzyme cleavable linker.
[0013] In some embodiments, the ADC of the present invention binds to cell surface of cells expressing B7-H3 and / or EGFR.
[0014] In some embodiments, the ADC of the present invention is internalized, transported to the lysosome where the antibody is degraded, the linker is cleaved and NT1 is released into the cytosol. NT1 travels from the cytosol to the nucleus, binds to topoisomerase I, which inhibits DNA synthesis, induces the apoptotic cell death pathway and ultimately results in the death of the cell.
[0015] The conjugate (ADC) has the following advantages, wherein the ADC
[0016] (1) binds to, with high affinity, target cells expressing human or monkey B7-H3 and / or EGFR;
[0017] (2) can enter cells through endocytosis to kill target cells and has high endocytosis efficiency;
[0018] (3) has remarkable bystander activity;
[0019] (4) can block the downstream signal effect of the EGFR and inhibit cell growth, and the released payload inhibits topoisomerase I, acts on DNA and induces the death of target cells, so that the ADC has high anti-tumor effect;
[0020] (5) has low toxicity;
[0021] (6) has better stability;
[0022] (7) has better druggability;
[0023] (8) has a wider anti-tumor spectrum, and can be applied to the treatment of various cancers such as lung cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, oral squamous carcinoma, gastric cancer, prostatic cancer, melanoma, cervical cancer, and the like, and expands the range of ADC indications;
[0024] (9) the compound can be used together with IO immune agonist, Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) inhibitors or Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) inhibitors in the later period, so that the drug effect is further improved or clinical indications are expanded; and / or
[0025] (10) is effective in treating drug-resistant cancer.
[0026] Figure Descriptions:
[0027] Fig 1 shows the structural schematic diagram of antibodies according to the present invention.
[0028] Fig 2 shows the schematic diagram of BS01-NT3.
[0029] Fig. 3 shows the RP-HPLC analysis of BS01-NT3.
[0030] Fig. 4 shows the SEC analysis of BS01-NT3.
[0031] Fig. 5 shows schematic diagram of zalutumumab (EGFR) -MMAE (random DAR4) .
[0032] Fig. 6 shows the relationship of equivalents of TCEP ratio and the drug-to-antibody ratios.
[0033] Fig. 7 shows the RP-HPLC analysis of zalutumumab-MMAE.
[0034] Fig. 8 shows the SEC analysis of zalutumumab-MMAE.
[0035] Fig. 9. shows schematic diagram of the M30 (B7-H3) -Dxd (DAR4) .
[0036] Fig. 10 shows the relationship of equivalents of TCEP ratio and the drug-to-antibody ratios.
[0037] Fig. 11 shows the RP-HPLC analysis of M30 (B7-H3) -Dxd.
[0038] Fig. 12 shows the SEC analysis of M30 (B7-H3) -Dxd.
[0039] Fig. 13 shows schematic diagram of IgG1-NT3.
[0040] Fig. 14 shows the RP-HPLC analysis of IgG1-NT3.
[0041] Fig. 15 shows the SEC analysis of IgG1-NT3.
[0042] Fig. 16 shows ADC ex-vivo stability in plasma.
[0043] Fig. 17 shows in vitro cytotoxicity of BS01-NT3 against a panel of human cancer cell lines.
[0044] Fig. 18 shows in vitro cytotoxicity of BS01-NT3 and the benchmark ADCs in LnCAP and BxPC3 tumor cells.
[0045] Fig. 19 shows in vivo anti-tumor activity of BS01-NT3 in NCI-H1975 (NSCLC) CDX mouse tumor model.
[0046] Fig. 20 shows in vivo anti-tumor activity of BS01-NT3 in JIMT-1 (BCAR) CDX mouse tumor model.
[0047] Fig. 21 Mean time-concentration curve of BS01-NT3 in JIMT-1tumor bearing CB17-SCID mice.Detailed Description
[0048] Before the invention is described in detail below, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular methodology, protocols, and reagents described herein, as these may vary. It should also be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which will be limited only by the appended claims. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention belongs.
[0049] I.Definition
[0050] For the purpose of explaining this specification, the following definitions will be used, and wherever appropriate, terms used in the singular may also include the plural and vice versa. It is understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting.
[0051] The term "about" used in combination with a numerical value is intended to encompass the numerical values in a range from a lower limit less than the specified numerical value by 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%or 1%to an upper limit greater than the specified numerical value by 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%or 1%.
[0052] The term "and / or" as used herein, means any of the options or two or more of the options.
[0053] The term "comprise" or "include" as used herein means including the elements, integers or steps described, but does not exclude any other elements, integers or steps. The term also covers the combination of the elements, integers or steps mentioned herein when the term "comprises" or "include" is used, unless otherwise specified. For example, it is also intended to cover the antibody variable region consisting of a specific sequence when referring to the antibody variable region "comprises" the specific sequence.
[0054] Unless otherwise indicated, the terms "B7-H3" , "B7-H3" and "CD 276" are used interchangeably herein. B7-H3 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to a member of the B7 / CD28 superfamily, and is similar in sequence to the extracellular domain of PD-L1. B7-H3 has 316 amino acids and contains one putative signal peptide consisting of 28 amino acids, one extracellular region consisting of 217 amino acids, one transmembrane region and one cytoplasmic domain consisting of 45 amino acids with a molecular weight of about 45-66 kDa. In humans, the extracellular structure of B7-H3 may be an IgV-IgC-like domain (2 Ig-B7-H3) or an IgV-IgC-IgV-IgC-like domain (4 Ig-B7-H3) due to exon replication. The sequence of cynomolgus monkey B7-H3 has about 90%homology with its human counterpart. In some embodiments of the invention, B7-H3 is human B7-H3. In some embodiments, B7-H3 is a protein under UniProt database accession number Q5ZPR 3.
[0055] As used herein, the term "EGFR" refers to the epidermal growth factor receptor, a tyrosine kinase receptor, a giant transmembrane glycoprotein with a molecular weight of about 170KDa, which is a member of the ErbB receptor family and is the most common cancer-driving gene of NSCLC. The EGFR activation mutation region occurs mainly in the EGFR exon 18-21 tyrosine kinase domain, and the EGFR antibody binding region is mainly located in the EGFR extracellular ligand domain region, so as to avoid the occurrence of drug-resistant mutations. Meanwhile, the EGFR antibody can inhibit the growth of tumor cells by inhibiting the binding of the EGFR and the ligand, and can also utilize self-specific ADCC (antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity) to kill tumors in combination with immune cells, so that the EGFR antibody can play a role in resisting and killing the tumors through multiple action mechanisms. In some embodiments, EGFR is a protein under the Genbank (Gene ID: 1956) (https: / / www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov / gene / 1956) . In some embodiment, EGFR is a human EGFR.
[0056] The terms "anti-B7-H3 antibody" , "anti-B7-H3" , "B7-H3 antibody" , or "anti-B7-H3 antibody" , as used herein, refer to an antibody, or antigen-binding fragment thereof, that is capable of binding B7-H3 protein with sufficient affinity. The antibodies may be used as diagnostic and / or therapeutic agents in targeting B7-H3, or to construct immunoconjugates, such as antibody drug conjugates.
[0057] The term "anti-EGFR antibody" , "anti-EGFR" , "EGFR antibody" or "anti-EGFR antibody" as used herein refers to an antibody, or antigen-binding fragment thereof, that is capable of binding EGFR protein with sufficient affinity. The antibodies may be used as diagnostic and / or therapeutic agents in targeting EGFR, or for the construction of immunoconjugates, such as antibody drug conjugates.
[0058] When referring to "first" and "second" herein, it is merely to distinguish the two domains or the two chains but do not indicate the positions of the two domains in any way.
[0059] General information on the amino acid sequences or nucleotide sequences of human immunoglobulin light and heavy chains is given in Kabat, E. A. et al, Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5 th edition, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (1991) .
[0060] As used herein, the amino acid positions of all variable regions of the heavy and light chains are numbered according to the Kabat numbering system described in Kabat et al, Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5 th edition Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (1991) and referred to herein as "Kabat numbering" .
[0061] As used herein, when used in reference to amino acid positions in domains (e.g., constant regions, e.g., Fc regions) of antibodies other than the variable regions, numbering is according to the EU numbering system described in Kabat, E. A. et al, Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5 th edition, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (1991) and referred to herein as "EU numbering" . When position numbering and / or amino acid residues are assigned to a particular antibody isotype, it is intended to apply to the corresponding position and / or amino acid residue of any other antibody isotype, as is known to those skilled in the art.
[0062] The term "antibody" is used herein in the broadest sense to refer to proteins comprising an antigen-binding site, encompassing natural and artificial antibodies of various structures, including but not limited to monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, multispecific antibodies (e.g., bispecific antibodies) , single chain antibodies, intact antibodies, and antibody fragments.
[0063] The terms "whole antibody" , "full-length antibody" , "complete antibody" and "intact antibody" are used interchangeably herein to refer to a naturally occurring glycoprotein comprising at least two heavy (H) chains and two light (L) chains inter-connected by disulfide bonds. Each heavy chain consists of a heavy chain variable region (abbreviated herein as VH) and a heavy chain constant region. The heavy chain constant region consists of 3 domains CH1, CH2 and CH3 (and optionally CH4) . Each light chain consists of a light chain variable region (abbreviated herein as VL) and a light chain constant region. The light chain constant region consists of one domain CL. The VH and VL regions may be further subdivided into hypervariable regions (being Complementarity Determining Regions (CDRs) ) interspersed with relatively conserved regions (being Framework Regions (FRs) . Each VH and VL consists of three CDRs and 4 FRs, arranged from N-terminal to C-terminal in the order FR1, CDR1, FR2, CDR2, FR3, CDR3, FR4. The constant regions are not directly involved in binding of the antibody to the antigen, but exhibit multiple effector functions.
[0064] "Half-antibody" or "half-polymer" refers to a monovalent antigen-binding polypeptide. In some embodiments, the half-antibody or half-polymer comprises a VH / VL unit and optionally at least a portion of an immunoglobulin constant domain. In some embodiments, a half-antibody or a half-polymer comprises one immunoglobulin heavy chain, or antigen-binding fragment thereof, associated with one immunoglobulin light chain. In some embodiments, the half-antibody or half-polymer is monospecific, i.e., binds a single antigen or epitope. In some specific embodiments, the half-antibody binds to EGFR and does not bind to B7-H3. In some specific embodiments, the half-antibody binds to B7-H3 and does not bind to EGFR. One skilled in the art will readily appreciate that a half-antibody may have an antigen-binding domain consisting of a single variable domain, e.g., derived from camelid.
[0065] Herein, antibody constant regions or antibody constant domains, including CH1, CL and Fc domains made up by CH2, CH3 and optionally CH4 domains, may be selected according to the intended function of the antibody molecule. For example, the constant region may be an IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG or IgM region, especially an immunoglobulin constant domain of human IgG, e.g. a constant domain of human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4, preferably a constant domain of human IgG1. As another example, a Fab fragment of an antibody may comprise CH1 from IgG1 and CL constant regions. As another example, the Fc region of an antibody may comprise the CH2 and CH3 domains from IgG1. The immunoglobulin constant region may have a native sequence or a variant sequence.
[0066] The term "Fc domain" or "Fc region" is used herein to define a C-terminal region of an immunoglobulin heavy chain that contains at least a portion of a constant region. The term includes native sequence Fc regions and variant Fc regions. A native immunoglobulin "Fc domain" comprises two or three constant domains, namely the CH2 domain, the CH3 domain, and the optional CH4 domain. For example, in natural antibodies, the immunoglobulin Fc domain comprises the second and third constant domains (CH2 and CH3 domains) originated from the two heavy chains of IgG, IgA, and IgD class antibodies; or comprises the second, third and fourth constant domains (CH2 domain, CH3 domain and CH4 domain) originated from the two heavy chains of the IgM and IgE classes. Unless otherwise indicated herein, the numbering of amino acid residues in the Fc region or heavy chain constant region is according to the EU numbering system (also known as the EU index) as described in Kabat et al, Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interes, 5 th edition, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 1991. However, the C-terminal lysine (Lys447) of the Fc region may or may not be present. Two Fc regions can be dimerized to form a dimeric Fc, and two different Fc heterodimerizations forms a heterodimeric Fc. Herein, the terms "Fc region" , "Fc portion" and "dimeric Fc (e.g., heterodimeric Fc)" do not include the heavy chain variable region VH and the light chain variable region VL and the heavy chain constant region CH1 and the light chain constant region CL of an immunoglobulin, but may in some cases include a hinge region of the heavy chain constant region at the N-terminal. In one embodiment, the human IgG heavy chain Fc region extends from Asp221 or from Cys226 or from Asp231 to the carboxy-terminus of the heavy chain.
[0067] In one embodiment, a human IgG1 Fc region polypeptide (comprising a portion of hinge region) comprises or consists of the following amino acid sequence:
[0068] In one embodiment, the Fc region is originated from an Fc region of human origin. The antibody Fc region is directly involved in complement activation, C1q binding, C3 activation, and Fc receptor binding. In one embodiment, the Fc region is a human Fc region. In one embodiment, the Fc region belongs to the subclass human IgG 4. In one embodiment, the Fc region belongs to the subclass human IgG1.
[0069] Herein, a "heterodimeric Fc scaffold" refers to a scaffold comprising or formed from two different Fc regions by dimerization, which can be linked at its N-terminus or C-terminus to a domain (e.g., heavy and / or light chain variable regions of an antibody or antigen-binding fragment of an antibody that can bind to a target molecule, or soluble portions of a ligand or receptor that can bind to a target molecule) binding to an antigen for use in constructing multispecific antibodies, e.g., bispecific antibodies.
[0070] The term "CH 1 region" refers to the portion of an antibody heavy chain polypeptide that extends from EU position 118 to EU position 220 (EU numbering system) . In one embodiment, the CH1 domain comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of
[0071] The term "antibody fragment" includes a portion of an intact antibody. In a preferred embodiment, the antibody fragment is an antigen-binding fragment. The term "antigen-binding fragment" of an antibody is a molecule distinct from a full-length antibody that comprises a portion of the full-length antibody, but is capable of binding to an antigen of the full-length antibody or competes for binding to an antigen with the full-length antibody (i.e., with the full-length antibody from which the antigen-binding fragment is derived) . Antigen-binding fragments may be prepared by recombinant DNA techniques, or by enzymatic or chemical cleavage of intact antibodies. Antigen binding fragments include, but are not limited to, Fab', F (ab') 2, Fv, single chain Fv, diabodies, single domain antibodies (sdabs) , or nanobodies.
[0072] "Fab fragment" or "Fab" are used interchangeably herein to refer to an immunoglobulin fragment consisting of two polypeptide chains comprising an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region VH, a heavy chain constant domain CH1, a light chain variable region VL, and a light chain constant domain CL, wherein one polypeptide chain comprises, from N-terminus to C-terminus, VH and one constant region selected from CH1 and CL, and the other polypeptide chain comprises, from N-terminus to C-terminus, VL and another constant region selected from CL and CH1, wherein the VH and VL domains pair to form an antigen-binding site or an antigen-binding region. Herein, the Fab polypeptide chain comprising the heavy chain constant region CH1 is also referred to as the "Fab heavy chain" ; accordingly, the Fab polypeptide chain comprising the light chain constant region CL is also referred to as "Fab light chain" .
[0073] "Complementarity determining region" or "CDR region" or "CDR" is a region in an antibody variable domain that is highly variable in sequence and forms a structurally defined loop ("hypervariable loop" ) and / or comprises antigen contact residues ("antigen contact point" ) . CDRs are primarily responsible for binding to epitopes. The CDRs of the heavy and light chains are generally referred to as CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3, and are numbered sequentially from N-terminus. The CDRs located in the variable domain of the antibody heavy chains are referred to as HCDR1, HCDR2, and HCDR3, while the CDRs located in the variable domain of the antibody light chains are referred to as LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3. In a given amino acid sequence of a light chain variable region or a heavy chain variable region, the exact amino acid sequence boundaries of each CDR can be determined using any one or a combination of many well-known antibody CDR assignment systems including, e.g., Chothia based on the three-dimensional structure of antibodies and the topology of the CDR loops (Chothia et al. (1989) Nature 342: 877-883; Al-Lazikani et al., "Standard conformations for the canonical structures of immunoglobulins" , Journal of Molecular Biology, 273, 927-948 (1997) ) , Kabat based on antibody sequence variability (Kabat et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 4th edition, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health (1987) ) , AbM (University of Bath) , Contact (University College London) , International ImMunoGeneTics database (IMGT) (www. imgt. cines. fr / ) , and North CDR definition based on the affinity propagation clustering using a large number of crystal structures. Unless otherwise indicated, in the present invention, the term "CDR" or "CDR sequence" encompasses CDR sequences determined in any of the schemes described above or the combination thereof. CDRs may also be determined based on the same Kabat numbering position as a reference CDR sequence (e.g., any one of the exemplary CDRs of the invention) .
[0074] In one embodiment, the CDRs of the antibodies of the invention are determined by Kabat schemes for boundaries, or by AbM schemes, or by a combination thereof.
[0075] In one embodiment of the invention, in the antigen-binding region that binds to B7-H3 of the invention, the HCDR1 of the VH is determined by the AbM schemes, HCDR2 and HCDR3 are determined by the Kabat schemes, and the LCDRs of the VL are determined by the Kabat scheme respectively.
[0076] In one embodiment of the present invention, the CDRs of VH and VL in the antigen binding region that binds to EGFR in the present invention are determined by Kabat scheme respectively.
[0077] The term "hinge region" refers to the portion of an antibody heavy chain polypeptide that connects the CH1 and CH2 regions in the wild-type antibody heavy chain, e.g., the IgG1 hinge region, e.g., according to EU numbering, the sequence of D221 to P230. Other hinge region of IgG subclasses can be determined by alignment with cysteine residues in the hinge region of IgG1 subclass sequence. In some embodiments, CH1 may comprise a portion of the hinge region. In some embodiments, Fc region may comprise a portion of the hinge region.
[0078] Amino acid mutations are denoted by (original amino acid, amino acid position, mutated amino acid) . For example, when the mutation site is located in the Fc region, "T366W" means that T located at EU numbering position 366 is substituted with W. When referring to combinations of mutations, the mutations in a combination are linked by an "and" or " / " . "L234A / L235A" indicates that both mutations L234A and L235A are included. It should be noted that when describing mutations, a particular position encompasses its corresponding amino acid position on other polypeptide chains as well.
[0079] With respect to polypeptide sequences, "conservative alterations" include substitutions, deletions, or additions to the polypeptide sequence that does not substantially alter the desired functional activity of the polypeptide sequence. For example, conservative substitutions often result in the substitution of an amino acid for a chemically similar amino acid. Conservative substitution tables providing functionally similar amino acids are well known in the art. The following list 8 groups of amino acids containing conservative substitutions for each other: 1) alanine (A) , glycine (G); 2) aspartic acid (D) , glutamic acid (E) ; 3) asparagine (N) , glutamine (Q) ; 4) arginine (R) , lysine (K); 5) isoleucine (I) , leucine (L) , methionine (M) , valine (V) ; 6) phenylalanine (F) , tyrosine (Y) , tryptophan (W) ; 7) serine (S) , threonine (T) ; and 8) cysteine (C) , methionine (M) . In some embodiments, the term "conservative sequence changes" is used to refer to amino acid modifications that do not significantly affect or alter the antigen-binding characteristics of interest of the antibody molecules of the present invention containing the amino acid sequence. For example, conservatively modified variants will retain at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%or more, e.g., 100-110%or more, binding affinity for the antigen of interest relative to the parent antibody.
[0080] The term "target" refers to the substance for binding against which the binding molecule is directed. The target may be an antigen, or may be a ligand or receptor. The term "antigen" refers to a molecule that elicits an immune response. Such an immune response may involve antibody production or activation of specific immune cells, or both. The skilled artisan will appreciate that any macromolecule, including substantially all proteins or peptides, may be used as an antigen. Furthermore, the antigen may be derived from recombinant or genomic DNA. As used herein, the term "epitope" refers to the portion of an antigen that specifically interacts with an antibody molecule. Where the binding molecules of the invention are directed to target binding regions derived from antibodies, "target" and "antigen" may be used interchangeably.
[0081] The term "antigen-binding region" as used herein refers to any portion of an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, e.g., a multispecific antibody or bispecific antibody, that binds a particular target or antigen. The antigen binding region may be, for example, an antibody or immunoglobulin per se or an antibody fragment. Such antigen-binding regions may or may not have tertiary structure independent of the remainder of the multispecific or bispecific antibody, and may or may not bind their antigen / epitope as separate entities.
[0082] As used herein, the term "multispecific" antibody refers to an antibody having at least two antigen binding regions, each of which binds to a different epitope of the same antigen or to a different epitope of different antigens. Multispecific antibodies are antibodies that have binding specificities for at least two different antigens or epitopes. In one embodiment, provided herein are bispecific antibodies having binding specificity for a first antigen and a second antigen.
[0083] Herein, the term "bispecific antibody" comprises antigen binding domains that specifically bind to two antigens or two epitopes. Unless otherwise indicated, the order of antigen binding by the bispecific antibody in the listed bispecific antibody names is arbitrary. That is, in some embodiments, the terms "anti-EGFR / B7-H3 bispecific antibody" and "anti-B7-H3 / EGFR bispecific antibody" are used interchangeably. In some embodiments, the bispecific antibody comprises two half-antibodies, wherein each half antibody comprises a single heavy chain variable region and optionally at least a portion of a heavy chain constant region and a single light chain variable region and optionally at least a portion of a light chain constant region. In some embodiments, the bispecific antibody comprises two half-antibodies, wherein each half-antibody comprises a single heavy chain variable region and a single light chain variable region and does not comprise more than one single heavy chain variable region and does not comprise more than one single light chain variable region. In some embodiments, the bispecific antibody comprises two half-antibodies, wherein each half-antibody comprises a single heavy chain variable region and a single light chain variable region, and wherein the first half-antibody binds to a first antigen / epitope and does not bind to a second antigen and the second half-antibody binds to a second antigen / epitope and does not bind to the first antigen.
[0084] When referring to a "first antigen-binding region" in a multispecific antibody or bispecific antibody, it is meant a binding region that binds to a first antigen, and is not intended to limit the number of such antigen-binding regions contained in the antibody, e.g., one or more than one first antigen-binding region may be included in a multispecific antibody or bispecific antibody. For example, a bispecific antibody comprises a first antigen-binding region and a second antigen-binding region, but may comprise one or more than one first antigen-binding region and one or more than one second antigen-binding region.
[0085] When referring to a "target or antigen binding region originated from an antibody" , it is meant that the binding domain constituting the target / antigen binding region is or is derived from a binding domain of the antibody that specifically binds antigen, e.g. a fragment of the antigen binding region that specifically binds antigen, e.g. Fab, is or is derived from a corresponding fragment of the antibody, e.g. Fab, or the heavy chain variable region and / or the light chain variable region of the antigen binding region is or is derived from the heavy chain variable region and / or the light chain variable region of the antibody, or 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 CDRs of the antigen binding region are CDRs of the antibody.
[0086] The term "derived from" means that the fragment in the antigen binding region is substantially identical to the fragment of the antibody from which it is derived, but has a mutation, such as a substitution, deletion or addition, at one or more sites. In a specific embodiment, the mutation is not in a CDR of the antibody.
[0087] The multispecific or bispecific antibodies of the present invention may comprise a connector. The term "connector" as used herein refers to any molecule that enables direct attachment of different parts of a multispecific antibody. Examples of connectors to establish covalent linkages between different parts of the multispecific antibody include peptide connectors and non-proteinaceous polymers, including but not limited to polyethylene glycol (PEG) , polypropylene glycol, polyalkylene oxide, or copolymers of polyethylene glycol and / or polypropylene glycol. In some embodiments, the term "peptide connector" according to the invention refers to a sequence of amino acids, wherein said sequence links together the amino acid sequences of the various parts of the multispecific antibody. Preferably, the peptide connector has a length sufficient to link the two entities in such a way that they maintain their conformation relative to each other so as not to interfere with the desired activity. The peptide connector may or may not comprise predominantly the following amino acid residues: gly, Ser, Ala or Thr.
[0088] The term "effector functions" refers to those biological activities attributed to the Fc region of an immunoglobulin that vary with the isotype of the immunoglobulin. Examples of immunoglobulin effector functions include: C1q binding and Complement Dependent Cytotoxicity (CDC) , Fc receptor binding, antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) , Antibody Dependent Cellular Phagocytosis (ADCP) , cytokine secretion, immune complex mediated antigen uptake by antigen presenting cells, down regulation of cell surface receptors (e.g., B cell receptors) , and B cell activation.
[0089] The term "…valent" antibody refers to the number of antigen binding sites present in an antibody molecule. "bivalent, " "trivalent, " and "tetravalent" antibodies refer to the presence of 2, 3, and 4 antigen binding sites, respectively, in an antibody molecule.
[0090] A "knob-into-hole" mutation or "KIH" mutation is used herein to refer to the introduction of mutations in the first Fc-polypeptide and the second Fc-polypeptide, respectively, using the "KIH" technique to form a bulge ("knob" ) and a complementary hole ("hole" ) at the interface of the first Fc-polypeptide and at the interface of the second Fc-polypeptide. It is known in the art that "knob-into-hole" techniques can engineer the interface between different chains of an antibody molecule to facilitate proper association of the individual chains of the antibody molecule. Generally, this technique involves introducing a "bulge / knob" at the interface of one strand and a corresponding "cavity / hole" at the interface of the other strand to be paired with, so that the bulge can be placed in the hole. One preferred interface comprises the CH3 domain of the heavy chain constant domain of one chain and the CH3 domain of the heavy chain constant domain of the other chain to be paired with. The bulge may be constructed by replacing the small amino acid side chain from the interface of the CH3 domain of the heavy chain constant domain of one chain with a larger side chain (e.g., tyrosine or tryptophan) . Compensatory cavities of the same or similar size to the buldge are constructed at the interface of the CH3 domains of the heavy chain constant domains of the other chain to be paired by replacing large amino acid side chains with smaller side chains (e.g., alanine or threonine) . Another alternative interface is the CL domain of the Fab fragment comprising the light chain and the CH1 domain of the heavy chain described above, which promotes the correct heterodimerization between the two chains of the Fab fragment by constructing a bulge-hole interaction. In some embodiments, KIH mutations may further comprises cysteine mutations in the two CH3 regions, so as to form non-natural disulfide bond.
[0091] As used herein, the term "binding" or "specific binding" means that the binding is selective for the antigen and can be distinguished from unwanted or non-specific interactions. The ability of an antigen binding site to bind to a particular antigen can be determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or conventional binding assays known in the art such as by Radioimmunoassay (RIA) or biofilm layer interferometry (BLI) or MSD assay or Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) .
[0092] "Affinity" or "binding affinity" refers to the inherent binding affinity that reflects the interaction between members of a binding pair. The affinity of a molecule X for its partner Y can be generally represented by the dissociation constant (KD) , which is the ratio of the dissociation and association rate constants (Kdis and Kon, respectively) . Affinity can be measured by common methods known in the art. One particular method for measuring affinity is the ForteBio kinetic binding assay herein.
[0093] The calculation of sequence identity between sequences is performed as follows.
[0094] To determine the percent identity of two amino acid sequences or two nucleic acid sequences, the sequences are aligned for optimal comparison purposes (e.g., for optimal alignment, gaps can be introduced in the first and second amino acid sequences or in one or both of nucleic acid sequences, or non-homologous sequences can be discarded for comparison purposes) . In one preferred embodiment, for comparison purposes, the length of the aligned reference sequence is at least 30%, preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 50%, 60%, and even more preferably at least 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%of the length of the reference sequence. Amino acid residues or nucleotides at corresponding amino acid positions or nucleotide positions are then compared. When a position in the first sequence is occupied by the same amino acid residue or nucleotide at the corresponding position in the second sequence, then the molecules are identical at this position.
[0095] As used herein, "immunoconjugate" is meant that the payload is attached to the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof by a linker so that the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof can act as a carrier to transport the payload to a target site in a targeted manner. The term "payload" refers to an active moiety conjugated to an antibody or antibody fragment of the invention, and may include any moiety used to attach an antibody or antibody fragment. In some embodiments, the payload can be a drug, such as a small molecule drug, a radionuclide, DNA, RNA, an enzyme, or a polypeptide, among others. In some embodiments, the immunoconjugate encompasses an Antibody Drug Conjugate (ADC) , an antibody immunostimulatory conjugate drug (ISAC) , an Antibody Oligonucleotide Conjugate (AOC) , an antibody polypeptide conjugate drug (APC) , an antibody nuclide conjugate drug (RDC) , or an antibody degrading conjugate drug (ADeC) , among others. Suitable payloads or active moieties for conjugation to the antibody include, for example, cytotoxic agents, chemotherapeutic agents, innate immune agonists (e.g., Toll-like receptor agonists (TLR) class ISAC drugs SBT6050, SBT6290, BDC-1001; STING agonist ISAC drugs XMT-2056, Treg cell regulatory ISAC drugs ADCT-301, etc. ) , immune modulators, therapeutic oligonucleotides (siRNA, PMO, etc. ) , or radionuclides, etc. In some embodiments, the immunoconjugate of the invention is an antibody drug conjugate, i.e., ADC.
[0096] As used herein, "antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) " refers to a compound / molecule obtained by linking an antibody to a drug (e.g. a small molecule drug) via a linker.
[0097] The term "linker" refers to a structural fragment that links a drug (e.g., a small molecule drug) to an antibody moiety. It is understood that the linker, prior to attachment to the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, has a functional group that can form a bond with a functional group of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof.
[0098] The term "linker-payload" refers to a compound formed by linking a payload, such as a drug (e.g., a small molecule drug) , to a linker.
[0099] As used herein, the term "site-specific conjugation" refers to conjugating a drug specifically to a specific site of an antibody via a linker.
[0100] As used herein, the term "alkyl" refers to a fully saturated branched or unbranched hydrocarbon group. The alkyl group preferably contains 1 to 16 carbon atoms, for example 1 to 12 carbon atoms, 1 to 10 carbon atoms, 1 to 6 carbon atoms or 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Representative examples of alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, 3-methylhexyl, 2-dimethylpentyl, 2, 3-dimethylpentyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, and the like.
[0101] The term "alkylene" refers to an alkyl group as defined above, but which is divalent, i.e., has two single bonds linked to two other groups. Non-limiting examples of alkylene groups include-CH2-, -CH2CH2-, -CH2CH2CH2-, -CH2CH2CH2CH2-, -CH (-CH2CH3) -or -CH2CH (-CH3) -.
[0102] The term "alkenyl" refers to a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon group containing 2 to 16 carbon atoms and containing at least one double bond and no triple bond. The alkenyl group preferably contains 2 to 12 carbon atoms, 2 to 10 carbon atoms, 2 to 8 carbon atoms, 2 to 6 carbon atoms, or 2 to 4 carbon atoms. Representative examples of alkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl, and the like.
[0103] The term "alkynyl" refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon group containing 2 to 16 carbon atoms and comprising at least one triple bond. Alkynyl groups preferably contain 2-12 carbon atoms, 2-10 carbon atoms, 2-8 carbon atoms, 2-6 carbon atoms, or 2-4 carbon atoms. Representative examples of alkynyl groups include, but are not limited to, ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, hexynyl, and the like.
[0104] The term "halogen" or "halo" refers to fluoro (-F) , chloro (-Cl) , bromo (-Br) , and iodo (-I) .
[0105] The term "haloalkyl" refers to an alkyl group, as defined herein, substituted with one or more halo groups, as defined herein. The haloalkyl group may preferably be a monohaloalkyl group, a dihaloalkyl group or a polyhaloalkyl group (including a perhaloalkyl group) . The monohaloalkyl group may contain one iodo, bromo, chloro or fluoro in the alkyl group. The dihaloalkyl and polyhaloalkyl groups may contain two or more of the same halogen atoms in the alkyl group or a combination of different halo groups. Preferably, the polyhaloalkyl contains up to 12, 10 or 8 or 6 or 4 or 3 or 2 halo groups. Non-limiting examples of haloalkyl groups include fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, heptafluoropropyl, difluorochloromethyl, dichlorofluoromethyl, difluoroethyl, difluoropropyl, dichloroethyl, and dichloropropyl. Perhaloalkyl refers to alkyl groups in which all hydrogen atoms are replaced by halogen atoms.
[0106] The term "haloalkenyl" refers to an alkenyl group, as defined herein, substituted with one or more halo groups as defined herein. The term "haloalkynyl" refers to an alkynyl group, as defined herein, which is substituted with one or more halo groups as defined herein. The meaning of "halo" as defined for "haloalkyl" is applicable to "haloalkenyl" and "haloalkynyl" .
[0107] The term "polyol group" refers to an alkyl group as defined above containing multiple (e.g., 2 to 10, e.g., 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8) hydroxyl groups, optionally containing 1 or more (e.g., 2, 3 or 4) other groups (e.g., amino, carbonyl) . Non-limiting examples of "polyol groups" include, for example,
[0108] The term "amino acid" refers to both naturally occurring and synthetic amino acids. The amino acids may be either L or D isomers. The conventional amino acids referred to herein are written following a conventional approach. See, for example, Immunology-A Synthesis (2nd Edition, E. S. Golub and D. R. Gren, eds., Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Mass. (1991) ) which is incorporated herein by reference. And in the present disclosure, amino acids are generally represented by the single and three letter abbreviations commonly known in the art. For example, glycine may be represented by Gly, alanine by Ala, valine by Val, glutamine by Gln, glutamic acid by Glu, phenylalanine by Phe and leucine by Leu.
[0109] The term "optional" or "optionally" means that the subsequently described event or condition occurs or does not occur, and that the description includes instances where said event or condition occurs and instances where it does not. For example, when a group or structure is "optionally substituted" , the group or structure may or may not be substituted.
[0110] The term "pharmaceutically acceptable salt" refers to a salt that retains the biological effects and properties of the ADC conjugates of the invention, and which is not biologically or otherwise undesirable. The ADC conjugates of the invention may exist in the form of their pharmaceutically acceptable salt, including acid addition salts and base addition salts. In the present invention, pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic acid addition salts refer to salts formed by the ADC conjugates of the present invention with organic or inorganic acids including, but not limited to, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, benzenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, salicylic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, propionic acid, benzoic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, malic acid, and the like. Pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic base addition salts mean salts formed by the ADC conjugates of the invention with organic or inorganic bases, including but not limited to alkali metal salts, such as lithium, sodium or potassium salts; alkaline earth metal salts, such as calcium or magnesium salts; organic base salts, for example ammonium salts, formed with organic bases containing N groups.
[0111] The term "solvate" refers to an associated complex of one or more solvent molecules with an ADC antibody-drug conjugate of the invention. Solvents that form solvates include, but are not limited to, water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, and the like.
[0112] "Pharmaceutically acceptable" and "pharmaceutically useful" are used interchangeably herein, unless it conflicts with the context,
[0113] The term "drug to antibody ratio" or "DAR" refers to the ratio of drug moiety (D) conjugated to the Ab moiety as described herein to the Ab moiety. In some embodiments described herein, the DAR may be determined by p in formula I. For example, DAR may be from 1 to 16, e.g. 2-16, 4-16, 5-12, 6-10, 2-8, 3-8, 2-6, 4-6, 6-10, e.g. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 or 15. DAR may also be calculated as the average DAR of a population of molecules in a product, i.e., the overall ratio of drug moiety (D) conjugated to the Ab moiety described herein to the Ab moiety as measured by detection methods (e.g., by conventional methods such as mass spectrometry, ELISA assays, electrophoresis, and / or HPLC) in a product, such DAR being referred to herein as average DAR. In some embodiments, the average DAR value of a conjugate of the invention is 1 to 16, e.g., 2-16, 4-16, 5-12, 6-10, 2-8, 3-8, 2-6, 4-6, 6-10, e.g., 1.0-8.0, 2.0-6.0, e.g., 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5.0, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 8, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9 or 10.0, and the ranges with two of these values as endpoints. It should be understood that, in the case that an average DAR value is referred to, the ADCs according to the present invention refer to a population of ADC molecules or a mixture of ADC molecules comprising ADC molecules with the same and / or different DARs.
[0114] The term "therapeutic agent" as described herein comprises any substance effective in preventing or treating tumors (such as cancer) , including a chemotherapeutic agent, a cytokine, angiogenesis inhibitor, a cytotoxic agent, other antibodies, a small molecule drug or an immunomodulatory agent (such as an immunosuppressant) .
[0115] The term "cytotoxic agent" used in the invention refers to a substance that inhibits or prevents the cell function and / or causes cell death or destruction.
[0116] "Chemotherapeutic agents" include chemical compounds useful in treatment of cancer or immune system disease.
[0117] The term "drug" refers to an organic compound capable of modulating a biological process, in particular altering or preventing a pathological process.
[0118] The term "prodrug" refers to a chemically modified active or inactive compound that, upon administration to a subject, undergoes a physiological effect in vivo (e.g., hydrolysis, anabolism, etc. ) to become the active drug. Techniques for making and using prodrugs are well known to those skilled in the art.
[0119] "Angiogenesis inhibitor" refers to a compound that blocks or interferes to some extent with vascular development. The angiogenesis inhibitor may be, for example, a small molecule or an antibody that binds to a growth factor or a growth factor receptor involved in promoting angiogenesis.
[0120] The term "small molecule drugs" refers to organic compounds with low molecular weight that can regulate biological processes. "Small molecule" is defined as a molecule with molecular weight less than 10kD, generally less than 2kD and preferably less than 1kD, such as less than 500 D. Small molecules include but are not limited to inorganic molecules, organic molecules, organic molecules containing inorganic components, molecules containing radioactive atoms, synthetic molecules, peptide mimics and antibody mimics. As a therapeutic agent, small molecules can penetrate cells more easily than large molecules, and are less susceptible to degradation and less prone to trigger immune response.
[0121] The term "immunomodulators" as used herein refer to natural or synthetic active agents or drugs that inhibit or regulate (e.g., activate) immune response. The immune response can be humoral or cellular. Immunomodulators include immunosuppressants or immunoagonist. In some embodiments, immunemodulators of the invention include immune checkpoint inhibitors or immune checkpoint agonists.
[0122] "Anti-tumor compounds" are pharmaceutically active compounds that have an effect on tumors, including but not limited to cytotoxic or chemotherapeutic agents, such as those disclosed in WO 2021 / 173773, e.g., camptothecins, e.g., exatecan (topoisomerase I inhibitor, Exatecan) , Dxd (a novel topoisomerase I inhibitor, Exatecan derivative) , auristatins, e.g., monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) , maytansinoids, e.g., small molecule microtubule inhibitor, DM1, taxanes, e.g., paclitaxel or docetaxel, anthracyclines, epothilones, mitomycins, combretastatin, vinca alkaloids, calicheamicins, duocarmycin, Tubulysins, amatoxins, bleomycin, MEK inhibitors, KSP inhibitors, and the like. It is understood that the anti-tumor compounds may be substituted with isotopes including, but not limited to, deuterium, tritium, and the like. For example, following substitution with deuterium, the carbon-deuterium bonds replace carbon-hydrogen bonds, since the former are more stable than the latter, the replacement can directly affect the certain properties of drugs such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, etc. thereby improving the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the drugs. Thus, the "anti-tumor compound" of the present application may encompass compounds substituted with deuterium.
[0123] "Substituted with deuterium" is meant that a hydrogen in the molecule is replaced with deuterium, for example 1 or more hydrogens, for example 1 to 10 (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10) hydrogens are replaced with deuterium.
[0124] The term "effective amount" refers to the amount or dose of the ADC molecule or composition or combination of the invention, which will produce the expected effect in patients needing such treatment or prevention after being administered to patients in a single or multiple doses.
[0125] "Therapeutically effective amount" refers to the amount that can effectively achieve the desired results at the required dose and for the required period of time. The therapeutically effective amount is also such an amount, where any toxic or harmful effect of ADC or composition or combination is less than the therapeutic beneficial effect. "Therapeutically effective amount" preferably inhibits measurable parameters (such as tumor volume) by at least about 20%, more preferably by at least about 30%, or even more preferably by at least 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%or even 100%compared to untreated objects.
[0126] "Preventively effective amount" refers to the amount that can effectively achieve the desired prevention results at the required dose and for the required period of time. Generally, since the preventive dose is used before or at an earlier stage of the disease in the objects, the preventively effective amount will be less than the therapeutically effective amount.
[0127] The terms "host cell" , "host cell line" and "host cell culture" are used interchangeably and refer to the cells in which foreign nucleic acids are introduced, including the descendants of such cells. Host cells include "transformants" and "transformed cells" , which include primary transformed cells and offspring derived from them, regardless of the number of passages. The nucleic acid content of the descendants may not be exactly the same as that of the parent cell, but may contain mutations. The mutant descendants with the same function or biological activity screened or selected from the initially transformed cells are included herein.
[0128] The term "label" as used herein refers to a compound or composition that is directly or indirectly conjugated or fused to an agent (such as a polynucleotide probe or antibody) and facilitates the detection of the conjugated or fused agent. The label itself can be detectable (for example, radioisotope label or fluorescent label) or can catalyze the chemical changes of detectable substrate compounds or compositions in the case of enzymatic labeling. The term is intended to cover the direct labeling of probes or antibodies by coupling (i.e., physically connecting) detectable substances to probes or antibodies and the indirect labeling of probes or antibodies by reacting with another directly labeled agent.
[0129] "Individuals" or "subjects" include mammals. Mammals include, but are not limited to, domestic animals (such as cattle, sheep, cats, dogs and horses) , primates (such as human and non-human primates, such as monkeys) , rabbits, and rodents (such as mice and rats) . In some embodiments, the individuals or subjects are human.
[0130] "Isolated" antibodies or other molecules are antibodies or molecules that have been separated from their natural environment components. In some embodiments, the antibody is purified to more than 95%or 99%purity, such as by electrophoresis (for example, SDS-PAGE, isoelectric focusing (IEF) , capillary electrophoresis) or chromatography (for example, ion exchange or reverse phase HPLC) .
[0131] An "isolated" nucleic acid is a nucleic acid molecule that has been separated from components of its natural environment. An isolated nucleic acid includes a nucleic acid molecule contained in a cell that normally contains the nucleic acid molecule, but which is present extrachromosomally or at a chromosomal location different from its natural chromosomal location.
[0132] The term "anti-tumor effect" refers to a biological effect that can be exhibited by a variety of means, including, but not limited to, for example, a reduction in tumor volume, a reduction in tumor cell number, a reduction in tumor cell proliferation, or a reduction in tumor cell survival.
[0133] The terms "cancer" and "cancerous" refer to or describe the physiological condition in mammals that is typically characterized by unregulated cell growth. The cancer may be in an early, intermediate or advanced stage or metastatic cancer. Cancers suitable for treatment by the molecules of the invention include, but are not limited to, such as gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric adenocarcinoma, breast cancer, prostate cancer, melanoma, cervical cancer, lung cancer (such as non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, degenerative lung cancer, large cell lung cancer) , head and neck cancer, squamous cell carcinoma such as oral squamous cell cancer or pharyngeal squamous cell cancer, renal cancer, bladder cancer, ovarian cancer and pancreatic cancer.
[0134] The term "tumor" refers to the growth and proliferation of all neoplastic cells, whether malignant or benign, as well as all pre-cancerous and cancerous cells and tissues. "Tumor" encompasses both solid and hematological tumors and metastatic lesions. The terms "cancer" , "cancerous" and "tumor" are not mutually exclusive when referred to herein.
[0135] "Tumor immune escape" refers to the process by which tumors escape immune recognition and clearance. As such, as a therapeutic concept, tumor immunity is "treated" when such escape diminishes, and the tumor is recognized and attacked by the immune system. Examples of tumor recognition include tumor binding, tumor shrinkage and tumor clearance.
[0136] The term "pharmaceutically acceptable supplementary material" refers to diluents, adjuvants (e.g., freund's adjuvant (complete and incomplete) ) , excipients, carriers, stabilizers or the like with which the active substance is administered.
[0137] The term "pharmaceutical composition" refers to a composition that is present in a form that allows for the biological activity of the active ingredients contained therein to be effective, and that does not contain additional ingredients that have unacceptable toxicity to the subject to which the composition is administered.
[0138] The term "pharmaceutical combination or combination product" refers to non-fixed combination products or fixed combination products, including but not limited to drug kits and drug compositions. The term "unfixed combination" means that the active ingredients (for example, (i) the ADC in the invention, and (ii) other therapeutic agents) are administered to patients simultaneously, without specific time limits or at the same or different time intervals, in sequence, in separate entities, where these two or more active agents are administered to provide effective levels of prevention or treatment in patients. In some embodiments, the ADC and other therapeutic agents of the invention used in the pharmaceutical combination are administered at a level not exceeding the level when they are used alone. The term "fixed combination" means that two or more active agents are administered simultaneously to patients in the form of a single entity. It is preferred to select the dose and / or time interval of two or more active agents, so that the combined use of each component can produce greater effect than the single use of any one component in the treatment of disease or disorder. Each component can take its own form of preparation, which can be the same or different.
[0139] The term "combination therapy" refers to the application of two or more therapeutic agents or therapeutic modes (such as radiotherapy or surgery) to treat the diseases described herein. Such administration includes the co-administration of these therapeutic agents in a substantially simultaneous manner, such as in a single capsule with a fixed proportion of active ingredients. Alternatively, such application includes the joint application of each active ingredient in multiple or separate containers (such as tablets, capsules, powders and liquids) . The powder and / or liquid can be reconstituted or diluted to the required dose before application. In addition, this application also includes the use of each type of therapeutic agent at approximately the same time or at different times in a sequential manner. In either case, the treatment strategy will provide the beneficial effect of pharmaceutical combination in treating the disease or condition described herein.
[0140] As used herein, "treatment" (or "treat" or "treating" ) refers to slowing, interrupting, arresting, alleviating, stopping, reducing, or reversing the progression or severity of an existing symptom, disorder, condition, or disease.
[0141] As used herein, "prevention" (or "prevent" or "preventing" ) includes the inhibition of the onset or progression of a disease or disorder or a symptom of a particular disease or disorder. In some embodiments, subjects with family history of cancer are candidates for preventive regimens. Generally, in the context of cancer, the term "prevention" refers to the administration of a drug prior to the onset of signs or symptoms of a cancer, particularly in subjects at risk of cancer.
[0142] The term "vector" as used herein refers to a nucleic acid molecule capable of proliferating another nucleic acid to which it is linked. The term includes vectors that serve as self-replicating nucleic acid structures as well as vectors binding to the genome of a host cell into which they have been introduced. Some vectors are capable of directing the expression of a nucleic acid to which they are operably linked. Such vectors are called "expression vectors" herein.
[0143] "Subject / patient / individual sample" refers to a collection of cells or fluids obtained from a patient or subject. The source of the tissue or cell samples can be solid tissues, e.g., from fresh, frozen and / or preserved organ or tissue samples or biopsy samples or puncture samples; blood or any blood component; body fluids such as cerebrospinal fluids, amniotic fluids, peritoneal fluids, or interstitial fluids; cells from a subject at any time during pregnancy or development. Tissue samples may comprise compounds which are naturally not mixed with tissues, such as preservatives, anticoagulants, buffers, fixatives, nutrients, antibiotics, and the like.
[0144] Examples of tumor samples herein include, but are not limited to, tumor biopsies, fine needle aspirates, bronchial lavage, pleural fluid (pleural fluid) , sputum, urine, surgical specimens, circulating tumor cells, serum, plasma, circulating plasma proteins, ascites, primary cell cultures or cell lines derived from tumors or exhibiting tumor-like properties, and preserved tumor samples, such as formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples or frozen tumor samples.
[0145] II. Antibody-Drug conjugate
[0146] The present invention provides an antibody-drug conjugate of formula (I) : Ab- (L-D) p (I)
[0147] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof,
[0148] wherein:
[0149] Ab is an antibody or fragment thereof (e.g., antigen-binding fragment) that specifically binds EGFR and B7-H3 (e.g., human EGFR and humanB7-H3) ;
[0150] L is a linker;
[0151] D is a drug, preferably an anti-tumor compound; and
[0152] p is an integer selected from 1 to 16, for example selected from 1-10, 1-9, 2-8, 4-10, 6-10, 6-8, 3-7, 4-6, or 2-6, for example is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 12.
[0153] In some embodiments, the antibody Ab in formula (I) of the invention is an antibody of the present disclosure, e.g., the bispecific antibody.
[0154] In some embodiments, L and D, etc. in formula (I) of the invention are as defined in the sections below.
[0155] II-1. Bispecific antibodies
[0156] The antibody suitable for the ADC of the present invention is a multispecific antibody that binds to EGFR and B7-H3.
[0157] The bispecific antibody suitable for the ADC of the present invention is one that specifically binds EGFR and B7-H3.
[0158] In some embodiments, the multispecific antibody of the present invention comprises a first binding specificity to EGFR and a second binding specificity to B7-H3, and optionally other binding specificities.
[0159] In some embodiment, the multispecific antibody is a bispecific antibody.
[0160] Accordingly, the present invention relates to a multispecific antibody comprising
[0161] a first antigen binding region and a second antigen binding region and optinally other antigen binding region, wherein the first antigen binding region specifically binds to EGFR, and / or the second antigen binding region specifically binds to B7-H3.
[0162] Accordingly, in one aspect, the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody comprising
[0163] a first antigen binding region and a second antigen binding region, wherein the first antigen binding region specifically binds to EGFR, and / or the second antigen binding region specifically binds to B7-H3.
[0164] Bispecific antibodies of the invention can be prepared using bispecific antibody formats or techniques known in the art. Exemplary bispecific formats that may be used in the context of the present invention are described, for example, in Labrijn, et al. Bispecific antibodies: a mechanical review of the pipeline. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 2019, 18 (8) : 1-24.
[0165] In an embodiment, the bispecific antibody format includes an IgG-like antibody (Fan et al (2015) Journal of Hematology &Oncology. 8: 130) . The most common type of an IgG-like antibody comprises two Fab regions and two Fc regions, the heavy and light chains of each Fab may be derived from a separate monoclonal antibody. In some embodiments, the bispecific antibody of the invention is an IgG-like bispecific antibody comprising as one antigen binding region a Fab fragment that specifically binds to EGFR and as another antigen binding region a Fab fragment that specifically binds to B7-H3.
[0166] The following provides a detailed description of the components of the multispecific antibodies, such as bispecific antibodies, of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will understand that, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, any combination of any technical features of these components is within the scope of the present invention. Moreover, those skilled in the art will understand that, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the antibodies of the present invention (including antibodies in any form) can comprise any such combination.
[0167] II-1-1Antigen binding region that specifically bind to EGFR
[0168] In some embodiments, the first antigen binding region for the anti-EGFR / B7-H3 bispecific antibodies of the present invention may comprise or consist of an anti-EGFR antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof (e.g. an EGFR antibody disclosed in WO02100348A2 (, which is incorporated herein as its entirty) , e.g. Zalutumumab) , as long as it is capable of specifically binding to EGFR, including, but not limited to, e.g. full length antibodies, half antibodies, Fab, Fab’, Fab '-SH, Fv, single chain antibodies (e.g. scFv) , (Fab') 2, single domain antibodies such as VHH, dAb (domain antibody) , heavy chain antibodies, linear antibodies, or the like.
[0169] In some embodiments, the antigen-binding region that specifically binds EGFR is originated from an antibody that specifically binds EGFR, e.g., an EGFR antibody disclosed in WO02100348A2, e.g., Zalutumumab.
[0170] In some embodiments, the antigen-binding region that specifically binds EGFR comprises 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 CDRs of a known antibody that specifically binds EGFR, e.g., an EGFR antibody disclosed in WO02100348A2, e.g., Zalutumumab.
[0171] In some embodiments, the antigen-binding region that specifically binds EGFR comprises 1, 2, or 3 heavy chain variable region CDRs, i.e., HCDR1, HCDR2, and HCDR3, of a known antibody that specifically binds EGFR, e.g., an EGFR antibody disclosed in WO02100348A2, e.g., Zalutumumab.
[0172] In some embodiments, the antigen-binding region that specifically binds EGFR comprises 1, 2, or 3 light chain variable region CDRs, i.e., LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3, of a known antibody that specifically binds EGFR, e.g., an EGFR antibody disclosed in WO02100348A2, e.g., Zalutumumab.
[0173] In some embodiments, the antigen-binding region that specifically binds EGFR comprises 3 heavy chain variable region CDRs and 3 light chain variable region CDRs of a known antibody that specifically binds EGFR, e.g., an EGFR antibody disclosed in WO02100348A2, e.g., Zalutumumab.
[0174] In some embodiments, the antigen-binding region that specifically binds EGFR comprises the heavy chain variable region and / or the light chain variable region of a known antibody that specifically binds EGFR, such as an EGFR antibody disclosed in WO02100348A2, e.g., Zalutumumab.
[0175] In some embodiments, the antigen-binding region that specifically binds EGFR comprises a Fab of a known antibody that specifically binds EGFR such as an EGFR antibody disclosed in WO02100348A2, e.g., Zalutumumab.
[0176] In some embodiments, the antigen-binding region that specifically binds EGFR comprises 3 Complementarity Determining Regions (HCDRs) from a heavy chain variable region, HCDR1, HCDR2, and HCDR 3. In some embodiments, the antigen binding region that specifically binds EGFR comprises 3 Complementarity Determining Regions (LCDRs) from the light chain variable region, LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3. In some embodiments, the antigen binding region that specifically binds EGFR comprises 3 Complementarity Determining Regions (HCDRs) from the heavy chain variable region and 3 Complementarity Determining Rregions (LCDRs) from the light chain variable region.
[0177] In some aspects, the antigen binding region that specifically binds EGFR comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) . In some aspects, the antigen binding region that specifically binds EGFR comprises a light chain variable region (VL) . In some aspects, the antigen binding region that specifically binds EGFR comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL) . In some embodiments, the heavy chain variable region comprises 3 Complementarity Determining Regions (CDRs) from a heavy chain variable region, HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR 3. In some embodiments, the light chain variable region comprises 3 Complementarity Determining Regions (CDRs) from a light chain variable region, LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR 3.
[0178] The HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3, LCDR1, LCDR2, LCDR3, the VH, and / or the VL, comprised by the antigen-binding region that specifically binds to EGFR of the present invention are respectively defined herein.
[0179] In some embodiments, the heavy chain variable region of the antigen binding region that specifically binds EGFR described in the present invention
[0180] (i) comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16, or
[0181] (ii) comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16; or
[0182] (iii) comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence having one or more (preferably not more than 10, more preferably not more than 5, 4, 3, 2, 1) amino acid changes (preferably amino acid substitutions, more preferably amino acid conservative substitutions) compared to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16, preferably said amino acid changes do not occur in the CDR regions.
[0183] In some embodiments, the light chain variable region of the antigen binding region that specifically binds EGFR described in the present invention
[0184] (i) comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22, or
[0185] (ii) comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22; or
[0186] (iii) comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence having one or more (preferably not more than 10, more preferably not more than 5, 4, 3, 2, 1) amino acid changes (preferably amino acid substitutions, more preferably amino acid conservative substitutions) compared to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22, preferably said amino acid changes do not occur in the CDR regions.
[0187] In some embodiments, the 3 complementarity determining regions (HCDRs) from the heavy chain variable region of the antigen binding region that specifically binds EGFR described in the present invention, HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3 are selected from
[0188] (i) the three complementarity determining regions HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3 contained in the VH shown in SEQ ID NO: 16, or
[0189] (ii) sequences which contain at least one and no more than 5, 4, 3, 2 or 1 amino acid change (preferably amino acid substitution, preferably conservative substitution) in total on the three HCDR regions relative to the sequence of (i) ,
[0190] wherein the HCDRs can be determined according to any scheme for determining CDRs, such as determined respectively by the Kabat, AbM, Chothia, Contact, or IMGT schemes or combination thereof;
[0191] for example, the HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3 are determined by the Kabat scheme respectively.
[0192] In some embodiments, the 3 complementarity determining regions (LCDRs) from the light chain variable region of the antigen binding region that specifically binds EGFR described in the present invention, LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3 are selected from
[0193] (i) the three complementarity determining regions LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3 contained in the VL shown in SEQ ID NO: 22, or
[0194] (ii) sequences which contain at least one and no more than 5, 4, 3, 2 or 1 amino acid change (preferably amino acid substitution, preferably conservative substitution) in total on the three HCDR regions relative to the sequence of (i) ,
[0195] wherein the LCDRs can be determined according to any scheme for determining CDRs, such as determined respectively by the Kabat, AbM, Chothia, Contact, or IMGT schemes or combination thereof;
[0196] for example, the LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3 are determined by the Kabat scheme respectively.
[0197] In some embodiments, the antigen binding region that specifically binds EGFR of the present invention comprises 3 complementarity determining regions (HCDRs) contained in the heavy chain variable region consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16 and 3 complementarity determining regions (LCDRs) contained in the light chain variable region consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22;
[0198] wherein the HCDRs and LCDRs can be determined according to any scheme for determining CDRs, such as determined respectively by the Kabat, AbM, Chothia, Contact, or IMGT schemes or combination thereof;
[0199] for example, the HCDRs are determined by the Kabat scheme respectively; and the LCDRs are determined by the Kabat scheme respectively.
[0200] In some embodiments, the HCDR1 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13 or the HCDR1 comprises an amino acid sequence having one, two or three changes (preferably amino acid substitutions, preferably conservative substitutions) as compared to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13.
[0201] In some embodiments, the HCDR2 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14 or the HCDR2 comprises an amino acid sequence having one, two or three changes (preferably amino acid substitutions, preferably conservative substitutions) as compared to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14.
[0202] In some embodiments, the HCDR3 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15 or the HCDR3 comprises an amino acid sequence having one, two or three changes (preferably amino acid substitutions, preferably conservative substitutions) as compared to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15.
[0203] In some embodiments, the LCDR1 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19 or the LCDR1 comprises an amino acid sequence having one, two or three changes (preferably amino acid substitutions, preferably conservative substitutions) compared to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19.
[0204] In some embodiments, the LCDR2 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20 or the LCDR2 comprises an amino acid sequence having one, two or three changes (preferably amino acid substitutions, preferably conservative substitutions) as compared to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20.
[0205] In some embodiments, the LCDR3 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21 or the LCDR3 comprises an amino acid sequence having one, two or three changes (preferably amino acid substitutions, preferably conservative substitutions) compared to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21.
[0206] In some embodiments of the invention, the antigen-binding region that specifically binds EGFR described in the present invention comprises HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3, LCDR1, LCDR2, and / or LCDR3 as described above.
[0207] In some embodiments of the invention, the antigen-binding region that specifically binds EGFR described in the present invention comprises HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3, LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3 as described above.
[0208] In some embodiments of the invention, the antigen-binding region that specifically binds EGFR described in the present invention comprises or consists of HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3, LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3, wherein HCDR1 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13; HCDR2 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14; HCDR3 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15; LCDR1 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19; LCDR2 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20; and LCDR3 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21.
[0209] In some embodiments of the invention, the antigen-binding region that specifically binds EGFR described in the present invention comprises HCDR1 shown as SEQ ID NO: 13, HCDR2 shown as SEQ ID NO: 14, HCDR3 shown as SEQ ID NO: 15; LCDR1 shown in SEQ ID NO: 19, LCDR2 shown in SEQ ID NO: 20 and LCDR3 shown in SEQ ID NO: 21.
[0210] In some embodiments of the invention, the antigen-binding region that specifically binds EGFR described in the present invention comprises a VH and a VL, wherein
[0211] said VH comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 16 or an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%identity thereto, and said VL comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 22 or an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%identity thereto.
[0212] In some embodiments of the invention, the antigen-binding region that specifically binds EGFR described in the present invention comprises a VH and a VL, wherein the VH and VL comprise or consist of, respectively, the amino acid sequences shown below: SEQ ID NO: 16 and 22, respectively.
[0213] In some particular embodiments of the invention, the antigen binding region that specifically binds EGFR described in the present invention is an anti-EGFR Fab.
[0214] II-1-2 Antigen binding region that specifically bind to B7-H3
[0215] In some embodiments, the second antigen binding region for the anti-EGFR / B7-H3 bispecific antibodies of the present invention may comprise or consist of an anti-B7-H3 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof, as long as it is capable of specifically binding to B7-H3, including, but not limited to, e.g. full length antibodies, half antibodies, Fab, Fab’, Fab '-SH, Fv, single chain antibodies (e.g. scFv) , (Fab') 2, single domain antibodies such as VHH, dAb (domain antibody) , heavy chain antibodies, linear antibodies, or the like.
[0216] In some embodiments, the antigen-binding region that specifically binds B7-H3 comprises 3 Complementarity Determining Regions (HCDRs) from a heavy chain variable region, HCDR1, HCDR2, and HCDR 3. In some embodiments, the antigen binding region that specifically binds B7-H3 comprises 3 Complementarity Determining Regions (LCDRs) from the light chain variable region, LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3. In some embodiments, the antigen binding region that specifically binds B7-H3 comprises 3 Complementarity Determining Regions (HCDRs) from the heavy chain variable region and 3 Complementarity Determining Rregions (LCDRs) from the light chain variable region.
[0217] In some aspects, the antigen binding region that specifically binds B7-H3 comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) . In some aspects, the antigen binding region that specifically binds B7-H3 comprises a light chain variable region (VL) . In some aspects, the antigen binding region that specifically binds B7-H3 comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL) . In some embodiments, the heavy chain variable region comprises 3 Complementarity Determining Regions (CDRs) from a heavy chain variable region, HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR 3. In some embodiments, the light chain variable region comprises 3 Complementarity Determining Regions (CDRs) from a light chain variable region, LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR 3.
[0218] The HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3, LCDR1, LCDR2, LCDR3, the VH, and / or the VL, comprised by the antigen-binding region that specifically binds to B7-H3 of the present invention are respectively defined herein.
[0219] In some embodiments, the heavy chain variable region of the antigen binding region that specifically binds B7-H3 described in the present invention
[0220] (i) comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4, or
[0221] (ii) comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4; or
[0222] (iii) comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence having one or more (preferably not more than 10, more preferably not more than 5, 4, 3, 2, 1) amino acid changes (preferably amino acid substitutions, more preferably amino acid conservative substitutions) compared to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4, preferably said amino acid changes do not occur in the CDR regions.
[0223] In some embodiments, the light chain variable region of the antigen binding region that specifically binds B7-H3 described in the present invention
[0224] (i) comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10, or
[0225] (ii) comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10; or
[0226] (iii) comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence having one or more (preferably not more than 10, more preferably not more than 5, 4, 3, 2, 1) amino acid changes (preferably amino acid substitutions, more preferably amino acid conservative substitutions) compared to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10, preferably said amino acid changes do not occur in the CDR regions.
[0227] In some embodiments, the 3 complementarity determining regions (HCDRs) from the heavy chain variable region of the antigen binding region that specifically binds B7-H3, HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3 are selected from
[0228] (i) the three complementarity determining regions HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3 contained in the VH shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, or
[0229] (ii) sequences which contain at least one and no more than 5, 4, 3, 2 or 1 amino acid change (preferably amino acid substitution, preferably conservative substitution) in total on the three HCDR regions relative to the sequence of (i) ,
[0230] wherein the HCDRs can be determined according to any scheme for determining CDRs, such as determined respectively by the Kabat, AbM, Chothia, Contact, or IMGT schemes or combination thereof;
[0231] for example, the HCDR1 is determined by Abm scheme, the HCDR2, and the HCDR3 are determined by the Kabat scheme respectively.
[0232] In some embodiments, the 3 complementarity determining regions (LCDRs) from the light chain variable region of the antigen binding region that specifically binds B7-H3 described in the present invention, LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3 are selected from
[0233] (i) the three complementarity determining regions LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3 contained in the VL shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, or
[0234] (ii) sequences which contain at least one and no more than 5, 4, 3, 2 or 1 amino acid change (preferably amino acid substitution, preferably conservative substitution) in total on the three HCDR regions relative to the sequence of (i) ,
[0235] wherein the LCDRs can be determined according to any scheme for determining CDRs, such as determined respectively by the Kabat, AbM, Chothia, Contact, or IMGT schemes or combination thereof;
[0236] for example, the LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3 are determined by the Kabat scheme respectively.
[0237] In some embodiments, the antigen binding region that specifically binds B7-H3 described in the present invention comprises 3 complementarity determining regions (HCDRs) contained in the heavy chain variable region consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 and 3 complementarity determining regions (LCDRs) contained in the light chain variable region consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10;
[0238] wherein the HCDRs and LCDRs can be determined according to any scheme for determining CDRs, such as determined respectively by the Kabat, AbM, Chothia, Contact, or IMGT schemes or combination thereof;
[0239] for example, the HCDR1 is determined by Abm scheme, the HCDR2 and the HCDR3 are determined by the Kabat scheme respectively; and the LCDRs1-3 are determined by the Kabat scheme respectively.
[0240] In some embodiments, the HCDR1 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or the HCDR1 comprises an amino acid sequence having one, two or three changes (preferably amino acid substitutions, preferably conservative substitutions) as compared to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
[0241] In some embodiments, the HCDR2 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or the HCDR2 comprises an amino acid sequence having one, two or three changes (preferably amino acid substitutions, preferably conservative substitutions) as compared to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2.
[0242] In some embodiments, the HCDR3 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 or the HCDR3 comprises an amino acid sequence having one, two or three changes (preferably amino acid substitutions, preferably conservative substitutions) as compared to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3.
[0243] In some embodiments, the LCDR1 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7 or the LCDR1 comprises an amino acid sequence having one, two or three changes (preferably amino acid substitutions, preferably conservative substitutions) as compared to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7.
[0244] In some embodiments, the LCDR2 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8 or the LCDR2 comprises an amino acid sequence having one, two or three changes (preferably amino acid substitutions, preferably conservative substitutions) as compared to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8.
[0245] In some embodiments, the LCDR3 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9 or the LCDR3 comprises an amino acid sequence having one, two or three changes (preferably amino acid substitutions, preferably conservative substitutions) as compared to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9.
[0246] In some embodiments of the invention, the antigen-binding region that specifically binds B7-H3 described in the present invention comprises HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3, LCDR1, LCDR2, and / or LCDR3 as described above.
[0247] In some embodiments of the invention, the antigen-binding region that specifically binds B7-H3 described in the present invention comprises HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3, LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3 as described above.
[0248] In some embodiments of the invention, the antigen-binding region that specifically binds B7-H3 described in the present invention comprises HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3, LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3, wherein HCDR1 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1; HCDR2 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2; HCDR3 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3; LCDR1 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7; LCDR2 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8; and LCDR3 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9.
[0249] In some embodiments of the invention, the antigen-binding region that specifically binds B7-H3 described in the present invention comprises HCDR1 shown as SEQ ID NO: 1, HCDR2 shown as SEQ ID NO: 2, HCDR3 shown as SEQ ID NO: 3; LCDR1 shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, LCDR2 shown in SEQ ID NO: 8 and LCDR3 shown in SEQ ID NO: 9.
[0250] In some embodiments of the invention, the antigen-binding region that specifically binds B7-H3 described in the present invention comprises a VH and a VL, wherein
[0251] said VH comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4 or an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%identity thereto, and said VL comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 10 or an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%identity thereto.
[0252] In some embodiments of the invention, the antigen-binding region that specifically binds B7-H3 described in the present invention comprises a VH and a VL, wherein the VH and VL comprise or consist of, respectively, the amino acid sequences shown below: SEQ ID NO: 4 and 10, respectively.
[0253] In some particular embodiments of the invention, the antigen binding region that specifically binds B7-H3 described in the present invention is an anti-B7-H3 Fab.
[0254] II-1-3 Fab fragment
[0255] In some embodiments, the first antigen-binding region and / or the second antigen-binding region of the invention is a Fab fragment. A Fab fragment suitable for use as an antigen binding region of the multispecific antibody such as bispecific antibody as described herein consists of two polypeptide chains comprising the antibody VH, CH1, VL and CL domains, wherein the VH is paired with VL and the CH1 is paired with CL to form the antigen binding region.
[0256] In some embodiments, in a Fab, one chain comprises or consists of VH and CH1 (i.e., VH-CH 1) from N-terminus to C-terminus, and the other chain comprises or consists of VL and CL (i.e., VL-CL) from N-terminus to C-terminus. In some embodiments, in the multispecific or bispecific antibodies of the present invention, the Fab may be linked to the N-terminus of the Fc domain of the antibody via the C-terminus of the chain comprising the VH. Preferably, the Fab comprises a VH-CH1 chain and a VL-CL chain and may be linked to an antibody Fc domain via the C-terminus of CH1 of the VH-CH1 chain. In some embodiments, the linkage is a direct linkage, or through a connector (e.g., hinge region) . Herein, Fab chain comprising VH-CH1 is also referred to as an Fab heavy chain, while Fab chain comprising VL-CL is also referred to as a Fab light chain.
[0257] In some embodiments, the CH1 is a CH1 from IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4, preferably CH1 from IgG1. In some embodiments, the CH1
[0258] (i) comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29, or
[0259] (ii) comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29; or
[0260] (iii) comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence having one or more (preferably not more than 10, more preferably not more than 5, 4, 3, 2, 1) amino acid changes (preferably amino acid substitutions, more preferably amino acid conservative substitutions) as compared to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29.
[0261] In some embodiments, the CL is a Kappa light chain constant region or a Lambda light chain constant region. In some embodiments, CL is a Kappa light chain constant region. In some embodiments, the CL
[0262] (i) comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11, or
[0263] (ii) comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11; or
[0264] (iii) comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence having one or more (preferably not more than 10, more preferably not more than 5, 4, 3, 2, 1) amino acid changes (preferably amino acid substitutions, more preferably amino acid conservative substitutions) as compared to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11.
[0265] In some embodiments, the first antigen binding region is a Fab that specifically binds EGFR, wherein the Fab fragment is from an anti-EGFR antibody, and comprises the heavy chain variable region VH and the light chain variable region VL of the anti-EGFR antibody. In some embodiments, the Fab that specifically binds to EGFR as the first antigen binding region comprises the 6 CDRs of the antigen binding regions that specifically bind EGFR described herein. In some embodiments, the Fab that specifically binds EGFR as the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH or a VL of the antigen-binding region that specifically binds EGFR as described herein, or comprises a VH and a VL of the antigen-binding region that specifically binds EGFR as described herein.
[0266] In some embodiments, the second antigen binding region is a Fab that specifically binds B7-H3, wherein the Fab fragment is from an anti-B7-H3 antibody, and comprises the heavy chain variable region VH and the light chain variable region VL of the anti-B7-H3 antibody. In some embodiments, the Fab that specifically binds to B7-H3 as the second antigen binding region comprises the 6 CDRs of the antigen binding regions that specifically bind B7-H3 as described herein. In some embodiments, the Fab that specifically binds B7-H3 as the second antigen-binding region comprises a VH or a VL of the antigen-binding region that specifically binds B7-H3 as described herein, or comprises a VH and a VL of the antigen-binding region that specifically binds B7-H3 as described herein.
[0267] II-1-4 Fc region
[0268] In some embodiments, the bispecific antibody of the present invention further comprises an Fc region, wherein the Fc regions comprised may be the same or different.
[0269] In some embodiments, the bispecific antibody of the present invention comprises the first Fc region and the second Fc region, wherein the first Fc region and the second Fc region may be the same or different.
[0270] In some embodiments, the first Fc region and the second Fc region are different and are capable of dimerizing to form a heterodimeric Fc scaffold.
[0271] Herein, the Fc region refers to the C-terminal region of an immunoglobulin heavy chain containing at least a portion of a constant region, and may include native sequence Fc regions and variant Fc regions. The native sequence Fc region encompasses the naturally occurring Fc sequences of various immunoglobulins, such as the Fc regions of various Ig subclass and allotypes thereof (Gestur Vidarsson et al, IgG subclasses and allotypes: from structure to effector functions, 20 October 2014, doi: 10.3389 / fimmu. 2014.00520) . In some embodiments, the Fc region of the present invention comprises the antibody CH2 and CH 3. In some embodiments, the antibody Fc region may also have an IgG hinge region or a partial IgG hinge region at the N-terminus, e.g., an IgG1 hinge region or a partial IgG1 hinge region, e.g., according to EU numbering, the sequence of D221 to P230. A mutation may be comprised in the hinge region.
[0272] Unless otherwise indicated herein, the numbering of amino acid residues in the Fc region is according to the EU numbering system, also known as the EU index, as described in Kabat, E. A. et al, Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th edition, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (1991) , NIH Publication 91-3242.
[0273] In some embodiments, the Fc region is a human IgG Fc, e.g., human IgG1 Fc, human IgG2 Fc, human IgG3 Fc or human IgG4 Fc. In one embodiment, the Fc region comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 30 or an amino acid sequence having at least 90%identity, e.g., 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or more identity thereto.
[0274] As understood by those skilled in the art, to facilitate formation of the multispecific antibodies of the present invention as heterodimers, the Fc region comprised by the multispecific antibodies of the present invention may comprise mutations that facilitate heterodimerization of a first Fc region with a second Fc region. In one embodiment, mutations are introduced in the CH3 regions of both Fc regions.
[0275] Methods for promoting heterodimerization of Fc regions are known in the art. For example, the CH3 region of the first Fc region and the CH3 region of the second Fc region are engineered in a complementary manner such that each CH3 region (or the heavy chain comprising it) can no longer homodimerize with itself but is forced to heterodimerize with other CH3 regions that are complementarily engineered (such that the CH3 regions of the first and second Fc regions heterodimerize and no homodimers are formed between the two first CH3 regions or the two second CH3 regions) .
[0276] Preferably, based on the Knob-in-Hole technology, the respective Knob mutations and Hole mutations are introduced in the first Fc region and the second Fc region. See, e.g., US 5, 731, 168; US 7, 695, 936; Ridgway et al, Prot Eng 9, 617-621 (1996) and Carter, J Immunol Meth 248, 7-15 (2001) for the technique. In some embodiments, the Knob mutations and Hole mutations may further comprise mutations to cysteine residue and thus to introduce disulfide bond. Disulfide bonds can be used to stabilize the final antibody product or the ADC of the antibody.
[0277] In a particular embodiment, in the CH3 region of an Fc region, the threonine residue at position 366 is replaced with a tryptophan residue (T366W) (knob mutation) ; in the CH3 region of the other Fc region, the tyrosine residue at position 407 was replaced with a valine residue (Y407V) (hole mutation) , optionally the threonine residue at position 366 was replaced with a serine residue (T366S) and the tyrosine residue at position 407 was replaced with a valine residue (Y407V) (numbering according to the EU index) .
[0278] In some embodiments, the Fc regions may further comprise cysteine substitution, so that to obtain non-natural disulfide bond. In some embodiments, in one Fc region, the serine residue at position 354 is replaced with a cysteine residue (S354C) or the glutamic acid residue at position 356 is replaced with a cysteine residue (E356C) (in particular, the serine residue at position 354 is replaced with a cysteine residue) , while in the other Fc region, the tyrosine residue at position 349 is replaced with a cysteine residue (Y349C) (numbering according to the EU index) . Accordingly, in yet another embodiment, in the CH3 region of an Fc region, the threonine residue at position 366 is replaced with a tryptophan residue (T366W) and the serine residue at position 354 is replaced with a cysteine residue (S354C) or the glutamic acid residue at position 356 is replaced with a cysteine residue (E356C) (in particular, the serine residue at position 354 is replaced with a cysteine residue) ; whereas in the CH3 region of the other Fc region, the tyrosine residue at position 407 is replaced with a valine residue (Y407V) (hole mutation) , optionally the threonine residue at position 366 is replaced with a serine residue (T366S) and the leucine residue at position 368 is replaced with an alanine residue (L368A) (numbering according to the EU index) , optionally the tyrosine residue at position 349 is replaced with a cysteine residue (Y349C) (numbering according to the EU index) .
[0279] In a particular embodiment, one Fc region comprises the amino acid substitutions T366W and the other Fc region comprises the amino acid substitutions T366S, L368A and Y407V (numbering according to the EU index) .
[0280] In a particular embodiment, one Fc region comprises the amino acid substitutions S354C and T366W and the other Fc region comprises the amino acid substitutions Y349C, T366S, L368A and Y407V (numbering according to the EU index) .
[0281] Mutations may also be introduced in the first and second Fc regions based on the Innobody technique. See, e.g., PCT / CN2021 / 143141 for this technique, which is incorporated herein as its entirty.
[0282] In a particular embodiment of the present invention,
[0283] the first CH3 region comprises the S364R / K mutation (preferably S364R) , and optionally one or more additional mutations. In some embodiments, the second CH3 region comprises a K370S / T / A / V mutation (preferably K370S) , and optionally one or more additional mutations. In some embodiments, the first CH3 region includes the S364R / K mutation, and the second CH3 region includes the K370S / T / A / V mutation. In some embodiments, the first CH3 region comprises the S364R mutation, and the second CH3 region comprises the K370S mutation.
[0284] In some embodiments, the first CH3 region comprises S364R / K (preferably S364R) and D399K / R (preferably D399K) mutations. In some embodiments, the second CH3 region comprises a K370S / T / A / V (preferably K370S) mutation and a K409D / E (preferably K409D) mutation. In some embodiments, the first CH3 region comprises S364R / K + D399K / R and the second CH3 region comprises K370S / T / A / V + Y349T / S / A / V. In some embodiments, the first CH3 region comprises S364R + D399K and the second CH3 region comprises K370S + Y349T. In some embodiments, the first CH3 region further comprises E375N / Q (preferably E375N) and / or T350V / a (preferably T350V) . In some embodiments, the second CH3 region further comprises K409D / E (preferably K409D) , Q347D / E (preferably Q347D) and / or T350V / A (preferably T350V) .
[0285] In some embodiments, the first CH3 region comprises S364R + D399K and the second CH3 region comprises K370S + Y349T + K409D. In some embodiments, the first CH3 region further comprises E357N. In some embodiments, the second CH3 region further comprises Q347D. In some embodiments, the first CH3 region also includes E357N, and the second CH3 region also includes Q347D. In some embodiments, the first CH3 region and the second CH3 region further comprise T350V, respectively, or both comprisesT350V.
[0286] Thus, in some embodiments, the first CH3 region comprises S364R + D399K and the second CH3 region comprises K370S + Y349T + K409D + Q347D. In some embodiments, the first CH3 region comprises S364R + D399K + E357N and the second CH3 region comprises K370S + Y349T +K409D + Q347D. In some embodiments, the first CH3 region comprises S364R + D399K + E357N +T350V, and the second CH3 region comprises K370S + Y349T + K409D + Q347D + T350V. In some embodiments, the first CH3 region comprises K409E / D (preferably K409E) . In some embodiments, the second CH3 region comprises D399K / R (preferably D399K) or K370T / S / A / V (preferably K370T) . In some embodiments, the first CH3 region comprises K409E / D (preferably K409E) and the second CH3 region comprises D399K / R (preferably D399K) . In some embodiments, the first CH3 region further comprises T411R / K (preferably T411R) . In some embodiments, the second CH3 region further comprises K370T / S / A / V (preferably K370T) . In some embodiments, the CH3 region comprises K409E / D + T411R / K and the second CH3 region comprises D399K / R +K370T / S / A / V. In some embodiments, the CH3 region comprises K409E + T411R and the second CH3 region comprises D399K + K370T.
[0287] In some particular embodiments, the first and second CH3 regions have the following mutation combination selected from the group consisting of:
[0288] Further mutations can be made on the Fc region in the antibodies of the present invention to obtain the desired properties. The mutations on the Fc regions are known in the art.
[0289] In one embodiment, the Fc region is modified in characteristics of an effector function of the Fc region (e.g., complement activation function of the Fc region) . In one embodiment, the effector function has been reduced or eliminated relative to a wild-type isotype Fc region. In one embodiment, effector function is reduced or eliminated by a method selected from the group consisting of: use of a Fc isoform which naturally has reduced or eliminated effector function or Fc region modification.
[0290] In a preferred embodiment, the Fc region has reduced effector function mediated by the Fc region, such as reduced or eliminated ADCC or ADCP or CDC effector function, e.g. comprising mutations to achieve the above.
[0291] As understood by those skilled in the art, the antibody molecules of the invention may also comprise modifications in the Fc domain that alter binding affinity to one or more Fc receptors, depending on the intended use of the the antibody molecules of the invention. In one embodiment, the Fc receptor is an Fc gamma receptor, particularly a human Fc gamma receptor. In some embodiments, the Fc region comprises a mutation that reduces binding to an Fc gamma receptor. For example, in some embodiments, the Fc region used in the invention has mutations that reduce binding to Fc gamma receptors, such as L234A / L235A. In yet another preferred embodiment, the Fc fragment may have a mutation that results in increased serum half-life, such as a mutation that improves binding of the Fc fragment to FcRn. In some embodiments, the Fc fragmetns comprises an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 31, or an amino acid sequence having at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 31 and comprising L234A / L235A mutations.
[0292] Thus, in a particular embodiment, the bispecific antibodies of the present invention comprise two Fc regions that heterodimerize, wherein one Fc-region polypeptide comprises the mutations S354C and T366W, while the other Fc-region polypeptide comprises the mutations Y349C, T366S, L368A and Y407V.
[0293] Thus, in a particular embodiment, the bispecific antibodies of the present invention comprise two Fc regions that heterodimerize, wherein one Fc region polypeptide comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27, while the other Fc region polypeptide comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28.
[0294] Thus, in a particular embodiment, the bispecific antibodies of the present invention comprise two Fc regions that heterodimerize, wherein one Fc region polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27, while the other Fc region polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28.
[0295] Thus, in a particular embodiment, the bispecific antibodies of the present invention comprise two Fc regions that heterodimerize, wherein one Fc region polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27 and comprising the mutations S354C and T366W and optionally L234A / L235A mutations, while the other Fc region polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28 and comprising the mutations Y349C, T366S, L368A and Y407V and optionally L234A / L235A mutations.
[0296] In some embodiments, the Fc region further comprises additional mutations that facilitate purification of the heterodimer.
[0297] II-1-5 Exemplary Bispecific antibody molecules
[0298] In some embodiments, the anti-B7-H3 / EGFR bispecific antibody of the invention has one or more of the following properties:
[0299] (1) the bispecific antibodies of the invention can specifically bind to cells expressing EGFR and / or B7-H3, such as tumor cells;
[0300] (2) the bispecific antibody of the invention can be endocytosed by cells such as tumor cells, for example, the endocytotic activity is stronger than that of the parent monoclonal antibody.
[0301] In some embodiments, in the antibody molecule of the invention, the heavy chain variable region of the antigen binding region that specifically binds EGFR as described herein is linked to heavy chain constant region CH, e.g., wherein the C-terminus of the heavy chain variable region is linked to the N-terminus of the heavy chain constant region CH. In some embodiments, in the antibody molecule of the invention, the light chain variable region of the antigen binding region that specifically binds EGFR as described herein is linked to a light chain constant region CL, e.g., wherein the C-terminus of the light chain variable region is linked to the N-terminus of the light chain constant region CL. In some embodiments, in the antibody molecule of the invention, the heavy chain variable region is linked to the heavy chain constant region CH and the light chain variable region is linked to the light chain constant region CL in the antigen binding region that specifically binds EGFR as described herein.
[0302] In some embodiments, in the antibody molecules of the invention, the heavy chain variable region of the antigen binding region that specifically binds B7-H3 as described herein is linked to heavy chain constant region CH, e.g., wherein the C-terminus of the heavy chain variable region is linked to the N-terminus of the heavy chain constant region CH. In some embodiments, in the antibody molecules of the invention, the light chain variable region of the antigen binding region that specifically binds B7-H3 as described herein is linked to a light chain constant region CL, e.g., wherein the C-terminus of the light chain variable region is linked to the N-terminus of the light chain constant region CL. In some embodiments, in the antibody molecules of the invention, the heavy chain variable region is linked to the heavy chain constant region CH and the light chain variable region is linked to the light chain constant region CL in the antigen binding region that specifically binds B7-H3 as described herein.
[0303] In some embodiments, the heavy chain constant region comprises the CH1 and the Fc region as described herein, connected via or not via a hinge region. In some embodiments, the heavy chain constant region consists of CH1 and an Fc region.
[0304] In some preferred embodiments, the present invention provides a bispecific antibody molecule comprising a Fab fragment that specifically binds to EGFR, a Fab fragment that specifically binds to B7-H3, and an Fc dimer, wherein the Fab fragment that specifically binds to EGFR and one Fc forms a half-antibody that specifically binds to EGFR and the Fab fragment that specifically binds to B7-H3 and one Fc forms a half-antibody that specifically binds to B7-H3. In some embodiments, the bispecific antibody is an IgG-like antibody having the configuration shown in Figure 1. In a particular embodiment, the first and second Fc regions comprise a Knob-into-Hole mutation, and optionally a mutation that reduces affinity for the Fcγ receptor, e.g., L234A / L235A mutation.
[0305] In some embodiments, the bispecific antibody comprises or consists of a heavy chain 1 and a light chain 1, and a heavy chain 2 and a light chain 2, wherein heavy chain 1 and light chain 1 constitutes a first half-antibody, and heavy chain 2 and light chain 2 constitutes a second half-antibody; wherein heavy chain 1 comprises a heavy chain variable region of a first antigen binding region and a first heavy chain constant region; light chain 1 comprises a light chain variable region of a first antigen binding region and a first light chain constant region; and heavy chain 2 comprises a heavy chain variable region of a second antigen-binding region and a second heavy chain constant region; light chain 2 comprises a light chain variable region of the second antigen-binding region and a second light chain constant region.
[0306] In a specific embodiment, the bispecific antibody of the invention specifically binds EGFR and B7-H3 and comprises or consists of:
[0307] Heavy chain 1 comprising or consisting of: from N-terminus to C-terminus, heavy chain variable region of the Fab that specifically binds EGFR -heavy chain constant region CH1-First Fc region, wherein heavy chain constant region CH1 is linked at its C-terminus to the N-terminus of the first Fc region with or without a connector (e.g., hinge region) ;
[0308] Light chain 1 comprising or consisting of: from N-terminus to C-terminus, a light chain variable region of the Fab that specifically binds EGFR -light chain constant region;
[0309] Heavy chain 2 comprising or consisting of: from N-terminus to C-terminus, heavy chain variable region of the Fab that specifically binds B7-H3 -heavy chain constant region CH1-second Fc region, wherein heavy chain constant region CH1 is linked at its C-terminus to the N-terminus of the second Fc region with or without a connector (e.g., hinge region) ;
[0310] Light chain 2 comprising or consisting of: from N-terminus to C-terminus, a light chain variable region of the Fab that specifically binds B7-H3 -light chain constant region,
[0311] Preferably, each domain is linked directly;
[0312] optionally, said first Fc region comprises Y349C, T366S, L368A and Y407V, and said second Fc region comprises mutations S354C and T366W, and vice versa; optionally, the first and second Fc regions further comprise mutations to reduce affinity for the Fcγ receptor, e.g., L234A / L235A mutations, respectively.
[0313] The domains of the bispecific antibody of the present invention are described herein, e.g., the Fab, the Fc, the VH and VL as described herein.
[0314] In some specific embodiments, the bispecific antibody of the invention that specifically bind to EGFR and B7-H3 comprises or consists of:
[0315] Heavy chain 1 comprising or consisting of the amino acid sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 18, or an amino acid sequence having at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%identity thereto; Light chain 1 comprising or consisting of the amino acid sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 23, or an amino acid sequence having at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%identity thereto; Heavy chain 2 comprising or consisting of the amino acid sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 6, or an amino acid sequence having at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%identity thereto; and Light chain 2 comprising or consisting of the amino acid sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 12, or an amino acid sequence having at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%identity thereto.
[0316] II-2 Linker, Payload and ADC
[0317] In some embodiments, D in formula (I) of the present invention may be any anti-tumor compound, and is not particularly limited, as long as it has an anti-tumor effect and has a substituent, a structural moiety, which can be linked to a linker structure. For example, the anti-tumor compound may be a pharmaceutically active compound that acts on a tumor. In the case of an antitumor compound, it is preferable that a part or whole of the linker is cleaved in a tumor cell to release the antitumor compound, thereby exhibiting an antitumor effect. When the linker is cleaved at the linker to the drug, the antitumor compound is released in an unmodified structure and exhibits its original antitumor effect.
[0318] In some embodiments, the anti-tumor compound can be, for example, a cytotoxic or chemotherapeutic agent, e.g., camptothecins, e.g., exatecan (topoisomerase I inhibitor, Exatecan) , Dxd (a novel topoisomerase I inhibitor, Exatecan derivative) , auristatins, e.g., monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) , maytansinoids, e.g., small molecule microtubule inhibitor, DM1, taxanes, e.g., paclitaxel or docetaxel, anthracyclines, epothilones, mitomycins, combretastatin, vinca alkaloids, calicheamicins, duocarmycin, Tubulysins, amatoxins, bleomycin, MEK inhibitors, KSP inhibitors, and the like.
[0319] In some embodiments, D is represented by formula (D-1) :
[0320] wherein R1 is selected from H, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C2-C6 haloalkenyl and C2-C6 haloalkynyl;
[0321] R2 is selected from H, halo, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, -OR4 and -SR4; R3 is selected from H, halo, CN, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl and -OR4; or R2 and R3 taken together form -O (CH2) nO-or -O (CF2) nO-, wherein n is 1 or 2;
[0322] R4 is selected from H or C1-C4 alkyl.
[0323] In some embodiments, R1 is H, R2 is C1-C6 alkyl, and R3 is -F.
[0324] In some embodiments, D is represented by formula (D-2) :
[0325] wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as defined above.
[0326] In some embodiments, D is represented by formula (D-3) :
[0327] In some embodiments, D is represented by formula (D-4) :
[0328] In some embodiments, -L-is represented by the following structure: -Z-E-NH-CH2-Q-L2-L1-wherein Z is linked to Ab, L1 is linked to D;
[0329] Z is selected from wherein m is an integer from 1 to 10, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, preferably is 5; the carbonyl at the right end of Z is covalently linked to E;
[0330] E is a peptide residue comprising 2-10 amino acids, wherein the peptide residue is optionally substituted with one or more polyol groups, wherein the N-terminus of the peptide is covalently linked to Z;
[0331] Q is -O-or -S-;
[0332] L1 is absent or - (C1-C10alkylene) -;
[0333] L2 is absent, -N (R5) C (O) - (C1-C10alkylene) -*or -C (O) N (R5) - (C1-C10alkylene) -*; wherein *indicates that the terminus is covalently linked to Q; and
[0334] R5 is H or C1-C6 alkyl.
[0335] In some embodiments, E is a peptide residue of 2, 3, or 4 amino acids.
[0336] In some embodiments, the amino acids are selected from glycine, alanine, valine, glutamine, glutamic acid, phenylalanine, and leucine, and wherein the glutamine or glutamic acid is optionally substituted with one polyol group.
[0337] In some embodiments, E is -Gln-Val-Ala-, -Gly-Val-Ala-, -Gln-Phe-Ala-, -Gly-Phe-Ala-or wherein R6 is H or C1-C6 alkyl, wherein these E groups are covalently linked to Z through the left N-terminus.
[0338] In some embodiments, -L2-L1-is - (C1-C6alkylene) -, - (C1-C6alkylene) -N (R5) C (O) - (C1-C6alkylene) -*or - (C1-C6alkylene) -C (O) N (R5) - (C1-C10alkylene) -*, wherein *indicates that the terminus is covalently linked to Q;
[0339] R5 is H or C1-C6 alkyl.
[0340] In some embodiments, -L2-L1-is - (C1-C6alkylene) -.
[0341] In some embodiments, -Z-E-NH-CH2-Q-L2-L1-is represented by the following structure
[0342] It should be understood that the right terminus of the structure is linked to the D moiety.
[0343] In some embodiments, the payload (e.g., drug) of the immunoconjugate of the invention is attached to the modified antibody or antibody fragment through the thiol group of the free cysteine of the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof (optionally via a linker) . In some embodiments, the payload (e.g., drug) of the immunoconjugate of the invention is linked to the sulfhydryl group of the cysteine through a cleavable or non-cleavable linker.
[0344] In some embodiments, Ab is linked to L through a sulfur atom on its sulfhydryl group, the antibody-drug conjugate of formula (I) may be represented by the following formula: Ab’- (S-L-D) p (I’)
[0345] wherein Ab’ is as defined above for Ab; L, D and p are as defined above.
[0346] In some embodiments, the antibody-drug conjugate has an average DAR of from 5 to 11 or from 7.5 to 8.5.
[0347] In some embodiments, the antibody-drug conjugate is selected from
[0348] wherein Ab is the bispecific antibody of the invention, preferably BS01-NT3; q is as defined for p in formula (I) above,
[0349] preferably, the antibody-drug conjugate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof has an average DAR of, for example, from 5 to 11, from 6 to 10, from 7 to 9 or from 7.5 to 8.5.
[0350] It will be understood that the S atom attached to Ab in the above ADC is derived from antibody Ab. disulfide bonds of Ab are opened under the action of a reducing agent such as TCEP to produce a thiol (-SH) , which is then attached to the maleimide moiety of the linker.
[0351] III. Preparation method
[0352] In another aspect, the invention provides a method of using the antibodies of the invention to prepare ADCs. The "ADC" in the present invention is defined as an antibody coupled to an active substance (D) having biological and / or pharmaceutical activity via a linker (L) . The method comprises coupling an antibody (Ab) of the invention to one or more active substances D via one or more linkers (L) as defined herein.
[0353] In some embodiments, the method comprises preparing an Ab for an ADC comprising culturing a host cell comprising a nucleic acid encoding the Ab (e.g., any one and / or more polypeptide chains) or an expression vector comprising the nucleic acid, under conditions suitable for expression of the Ab or its chain, and optionally recovering the Ab from the host cell (or host cell culture medium) .
[0354] In some embodiments, the method of preparing a bispecific antibody of the present invention comprises the steps of: a bispecific antibody of the invention is produced by culturing a host cell comprising a nucleic acid encoding each chain of the molecule under conditions suitable for expression of said each chain.
[0355] For recombinant production of the antibody molecules of the invention, nucleic acids encoding the antibody (e.g., an antibody as described above, e.g., any one polypeptide chain and / or multiple polypeptide chains) are isolated and inserted into one or more vectors for further cloning and / or expression in a host cell. Such nucleic acids are readily isolated and sequenced using conventional procedures (e.g., by using oligonucleotide probes that are capable of binding specifically to genes encoding the heavy and light chains of an antibody) .
[0356] In some embodiments, a nucleic acid of the invention encodes any one chain of an antibody molecule of the invention. The present invention relates to nucleic acids encoding any of the above bispecific antibodies. The polypeptide encoded by the nucleic acid is capable of exhibiting human EGFR and / or B7-H3 antigen binding capacity when expressed from a suitable expression vector. In one embodiment, the vector is an expression vector, such as a eukaryotic expression vector. Vectors include, but are not limited to, viruses, plasmids, cosmids, lambda phages, or Yeast Artificial Chromosomes (YACs) . In one embodiment, the vector is, for example, a pcDNA vector, such as pcDNA3.1.
[0357] In some embodiments, the host cell comprises a nucleic acid of the invention or comprises an expression vector of the invention. In one embodiment, the host cell is eukaryotic. In another embodiment, the host cell is selected from a yeast cell, a mammalian cell such as a CHO cell (e.g., CHO-S, such as ExpiCHO-S) or 293 cell (e.g., 293F or HEK293 cell or Expi293 cell) ) or other cell suitable for the production of an antibody or fragment thereof. In one embodiment, the host cell is prokaryotic, e.g., a bacterium, such as E. coli.
[0358] In some embodiments, the method comprises the steps of:
[0359] (a) adding the antibody Ab into a buffer solution, adding a reducing agent, and then incubating;
[0360] (b) adding a linker-payload to the reaction solution of step (a) for coupling to obtain a crude product; and
[0361] (c) optionally purifying the crude product to obtain the antibody drug conjugate of the invention;
[0362] wherein Ab is as defined above.
[0363] It is understood that the linker-payload is reacted with the Ab to provide the-L-D moiety in the compound of formula I, and where-L-D is clearly defined, the structure of the linker-payload can be determined.
[0364] In some embodiments, the buffer solution of step a) is a PBS buffer, preferably at a pH of 5.0-9.0, e.g. 6.0-8.0.
[0365] In some embodiments, the reducing agent of step a) is TCEP.
[0366] In some embodiments, the linker-payload is represented by the structure: Z’-E-NH-CH2-Q-L2-L1-D, wherein E, Q, L2, L1, D are as defined above, Z' is and m is as defined above.
[0367] In some embodiments, the steps are performed under the specific reaction conditions disclosed in the examples.
[0368] It should be noted that the present invention also contemplates the embodiments in which ranges or specific values for the reaction conditions vary by 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, 20%, or 10%compared with ranges or specific values for the specific reaction conditions disclosed in the examples.
[0369] V. Pharmaceutical composition
[0370] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a composition comprising any of the ADC molecules described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, preferably the composition is a pharmaceutical composition or pharmaceutical formulation. In one embodiment, the composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable supplementary material. In one embodiment, a composition, e.g., a pharmaceutical composition, comprises a combination of an ADC molecule of the invention, and one or more other therapeutic agents.
[0371] The invention also includes compositions (including pharmaceutical compositions) comprising a salt of the invention. The invention also includes compositions (including pharmaceutical compositions) comprising the ADC molecules of the invention, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. These compositions may also contain suitable pharmaceutically acceptable supplementary materials such as pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, including buffers, as are known in the art.
[0372] As used herein, "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier" includes any and all solvents, dispersion, isotonic and absorption delaying agents, and the like that are physiologically compatible.
[0373] For the use of pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and their use, see also "Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients" , eighth edition, R.C. Rowe, P.J. Seskey and S.C. Owen, Pharmaceutical Press, London, Chicago.
[0374] The compositions of the present invention may be in a variety of forms. Such forms include, for example, liquid, semi-solid, and solid dosage forms, such as liquid solutions (e.g., injectable and infusible solutions) , powders or suspensions, liposomal formulations, and suppositories. The preferred form depends on the intended mode of administration and therapeutic use.
[0375] Medicaments comprising the ADCs described herein may be prepared by mixing the ADC molecules of the invention of the desired purity with one or more optional pharmaceutically acceptable supplementary materials, preferably in the form of lyophilized formulations or aqueous solutions.
[0376] The pharmaceutical compositions or formulations of the present invention may also contain more than one active ingredient as required for the particular indication being treated, preferably those having complementary activities that do not adversely affect each other. For example, it may be desirable to further provide other therapeutic agents, including chemotherapeutic agents, angiogenesis inhibitors, cytokines, cytotoxic agents, other antibodies, small molecule drugs, or immune modulators (e.g., immune checkpoint inhibitors or agonists) , and the like. The active ingredients are suitably present in combination in an amount effective for the intended use.
[0377] Sustained release formulations can be prepared. Appropriate examples of sustained release formulations include semipermeable matrices of solid hydrophobic polymers containing the ADC, which matrices are in the form of shaped articles, e.g., films, or microcapsules.
[0378] VI. Pharmaceutical combination and Kit
[0379] In some embodiments, the invention further provides a pharmaceutical combination or a pharmaceutical combination product, which comprises the ADC of the invention, and one or more other therapeutic agents (such as chemotherapeutic agents, angiogenesis inhibitors, cytokines, cytotoxic agents, other antibodies, small molecule drugs, or immune modulators (e.g., immune checkpoint inhibitors or agonists) etc. ) .
[0380] Another object of the invention is to provide a kit comprising the pharmaceutical combination of the invention, preferably in the form of drug dose unit. Therefore, the dose unit can be provided according to the regimen or interval of the administration.
[0381] In one embodiment, the kit of the invention comprises:
[0382] - a first container comprising a pharmaceutical composition containing the ADC molecule of the invention;
[0383] - a second container comprising a pharmaceutical composition containing other therapeutic agent (s) .
[0384] VII. Use and Methods
[0385] In one aspect, the application provides a method of preventing or treating a disease in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the ADC molecule, pharmaceutical composition, pharmaceutical combination or kit of the present invention.
[0386] In some embodiment, the disease is B7-H3 and / or EGFR related disease. In some embodiments, the disease is related to aberrant expression or aberrant activity of B7-H3 and / or EGFR.
[0387] In some embodiments, the disease is a tumor, e.g., cancer.
[0388] In some embodiments, the tumor, e.g., cancer, is B7-H3 positive, e.g., it comprises tumor cells that express B7-H3. In some embodiments, the patient's tumor comprises tumor cells that express B7-H3. In some embodiments, the patient's tumor cells express B7-H3, e.g., moderately express B7-H3, preferably highly express B7-H3. In some embodiments, the tumor (e.g., cancer) patient has B7-H3 in the tumor tissue (e.g., at an elevated level, e.g., at a nucleic acid or protein level or activity) , e.g., as compared to the B7-H3 level in the same tissue of a healthy subject or in a healthy tissue adjacent to the tumor tissue of the patient. In some embodiments, the patient has B7-H3 in the tumor cells (e.g., at an elevated level, e.g., a nucleic acid or protein level or activity) , e.g., as compared to the B7-H3 level in the same cells of a healthy subject or in healthy cells adjacent to the patient's tumor cells.
[0389] In some embodiments, the tumor, e.g., cancer, is EGFR positive, e.g., it comprises tumor cells that express EGFR. In some embodiments, the patient's tumor comprises tumor cells that express EGFR. In some embodiments, the patient's tumor cells express EGFR, e.g., moderately express EGFR, preferably highly express EGFR. In some embodiments, the tumor (e.g., cancer) patient has EGFR in the tumor tissue (e.g., at an elevated level, e.g., at a nucleic acid or protein level or activity) , e.g., as compared to the EGFR level in the same tissue of a healthy subject or in a healthy tissue adjacent to the tumor tissue of the patient. In some embodiments, the patient has EGFR in the tumor cells (e.g., at an elevated level, e.g., a nucleic acid or protein level or activity) , e.g., as compared to the EGFR level in the same cells of a healthy subject or in healthy cells adjacent to the patient's tumor cells.
[0390] In some embodiments, the tumor, e.g., cancer, is B7-H3 positive and EGFR positive, e.g., it comprises tumor cells that express B7-H3 and EGFR. In some embodiments, the patient's tumor comprises tumor cells that express B7-H3 and EGFR. In some embodiments, the patient's tumor cells express B7-H3 and EGFR, e.g., moderately or highly express B7-H3 and EGFR. In some embodiments, the tumor (e.g., cancer) patient has B7-H3 and EGFR in the tumor tissue (e.g., at an elevated level, e.g., at a nucleic acid or protein level or activity) , e.g., as compared to the B7-H3 and EGFR level in the same tissue of a healthy subject or in a healthy tissue adjacent to the tumor tissue of the patient. In some embodiments, the patient has B7-H3 and EGFR in the tumor cells (e.g., at an elevated level, e.g., a nucleic acid or protein level or activity) , e.g., as compared to the B7-H3 and EGFR level in the same cells of a healthy subject or in healthy cells adjacent to the patient's tumor cell`s.
[0391] In some embodiments, the tumors, such as cancers, include solid tumors and hematological tumors as well as metastatic lesions. In one embodiment, examples of solid tumors include malignant tumors. The cancer may be in an early, intermediate or advanced stage or metastatic cancer.
[0392] In a specific embodiment, the ADC molecules of the application are capable of killing tumor cells, and / or inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, such as tumor cells expressing B7-H3 and / or EGFR, e.g., cells of the following cancers: epithelial cancer or gastrointestinal cancer, such as gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric adenocarcinoma, breast cancer, prostate cancer, melanoma, cervical cancer, lung cancer (such as non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, degenerative lung cancer, large cell lung cancer) , head and neck cancer, squamous cell carcinoma such as oral squamous cell cancer or pharyngeal squamous cell cancer, renal cancer, bladder cancer, ovarian cancer and pancreatic cancer.
[0393] In some embodiments, the tumor is a tumor immune escape.
[0394] In some embodiments, the tumor is a cancer, e.g., epithelial cancer or gastrointestinal cancer, such as gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric adenocarcinoma, breast cancer, prostate cancer, melanoma, cervical cancer, lung cancer (such as non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, degenerative lung cancer, large cell lung cancer) , head and neck cancer, squamous cell carcinoma such as oral squamous cell cancer or pharyngeal squamous cell cancer, renal cancer, bladder cancer, ovarian cancer and pancreatic cancer.
[0395] In some embodiments, the tumor is a TKI small molecule resistant tumor.
[0396] In some embodiments, the tumor is a mutant tumor, e.g., an EGFR and / or KRAS mutant tumor, which may be the following mutations EGFRL858R / T790M, KRASG12C, EGFR (L858R / T790M / C797S) , and / or Exon20insS768_D770 dup.
[0397] In some embodiments, the tumor cells of the tumor have one or more of the following characteristics, compared to normal cells of the same tissue or adjacent normal tissue in the same subject, or compared to normal cells of the same tissue in a healthy subject:
[0398] (i) overexpresses wild-type EGFR (e.g., wild-type EGFR with increased nucleic acid or protein levels) and / or expresses a mutant EGFR, e.g., mutant EGFR comprising a mutation listed in Passaro a, et al. Nat cancer. 2021, preferably the mutant EGFR comprises one or more mutations selected from R521K, L858R, T790M, G719X, C797S, Y1069C, Exon19 deletion (Del 19) , Exon20ins (e.g., S768_D770 dup) , preferably the mutant EGFR comprises R521K / Y1069C, R521K, L858R / T790M / C797S, Del19 / T790M / C797S or S768_D770dup, compared to normal cells of an adjacent tissue or compared to normal cells of the same tissue in a healthy subject;
[0399] (ii) overexpresses a wild-type KRAS (e.g., wild-type KRAS with an increased level of nucleic acid or protein) or expresses a mutant KRAS, preferably the mutant KRAS comprises a mutation at position G12 or G13, e.g., G12D or G12C, compared to normal cells of an adjacent tissue or compared to normal cells of the same tissue in a healthy subject;
[0400] (iii) having B7-H3 at an elevated nucleic acid or protein level compared to normal cells of an adjacent tissue or compared to normal cells of the same tissue in a healthy subject;
[0401] (iv) the tumor cells are resistant to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as to the first (Erlotinib) and third (ositinib) generations, such as to oxitinib.
[0402] The subject can be a mammal, e.g., a primate, preferably a higher primate, e.g., a human (e.g., a subject having or at risk of having a disease as described herein) . In one embodiment, the subject has or is at risk of having a disease described herein (e.g., cancer) . In some embodiments, the subject receives or has received other treatment, such as chemotherapy treatment and / or radiation therapy. In some embodiments, the subject has previously received or is receiving immunotherapy.
[0403] In other aspects, the present invention provides the use of an ADC molecule or pharmaceutical composition or pharmaceutical combination or kit as described above in the manufacture or preparation of a medicament for use as described herein, for example for the prevention or treatment of a related disease or condition mentioned herein.
[0404] In other aspects, the present invention provides the above ADC molecules or pharmaceutical compositions or pharmaceutical combinations or kits for use in therapy, e.g. for use as described herein, e.g. for the prevention or treatment of a related disease or disorder mentioned herein.
[0405] In some embodiments, an ADC molecule or pharmaceutical composition or pharmaceutical combination or kit of the application delays the onset of a disease or condition and / or symptoms associated with a disease or condition.
[0406] In some embodiments, the ADC molecules or pharmaceutical compositions of the application can also be administered in combination with one or more other therapies, e.g., therapeutic modalities and / or other therapeutic agents, for uses described herein, e.g., for the prevention and / or treatment of related diseases or conditions mentioned herein.
[0407] In some embodiments, the treatment modality comprises surgery; radiotherapy, localized irradiation, focused irradiation, or the like.
[0408] In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is selected from a chemotherapeutic agent, an angiogenesis inhibitor, a cytokine, a cytotoxic agent, another antibody, a small molecule drug, or an immunomodulatory agent (e.g., an immune checkpoint inhibitor or agonist) .
[0409] Exemplary other antibodies include antibodies that specifically bind to immune checkpoints.
[0410] The combination therapies of the application encompass both combined administration (e.g., two or more therapeutic agents contained in the same formulation or separate formulations) , and separate administration, in which administration of the ADC molecules of the present invention can occur prior to, simultaneously with, and / or after administration of the other therapeutic agents and / or agents.
[0411] The route of administration of the pharmaceutical composition is according to known methods, e.g., orally, by intravenous injection, intraperitoneally, intracerebrally (intraparenchymal) , intracerebroventricularly, intramuscularly, intraocularly, intraarterially, intraportally or intralesionally; by a sustained release system or by an implanted device. In certain embodiments, the composition may be administered by bolus injection or by continuous infusion or by an implanted device.
[0412] The composition may also be administered topically via an implant membrane, sponge, or another suitable material onto which the desired molecule is absorbed or encapsulated. In certain embodiments, when an implant device is used, the device may be implanted into any suitable tissue or organ and the desired molecule may be delivered via diffusion, timed-release bolus, or continuous administration.
[0413] These and other aspects and embodiments of the application are described in the drawings and detailed description below and are illustrated in the following examples. Any or all of the features discussed above and throughout this disclosure may be combined in various embodiments of the present application. The following examples further illustrate the invention, however, it is to be understood that the examples are described by way of illustration and not limitation, and that various modifications may be made by those skilled in the art.
[0414] Examples
[0415] Example 1: Expression and purification of the recombinant humanized anti EGFR / B7-H3 bispecific antibody (BS01)
[0416] The anti-B7-H3 / EGFR bispecific antibody molecule of the present invention is prepared by assembling the anti-B7-H3 parent antibody and the anti-EGFR parent antibody into an antibody form of IgG1 using the knob-into-hole technique, and introducing a pair of disulfide bonds in the CH3 region of the antibody for stabilizing the structure of the final ADC product. The bispecific antibody format contains four polypeptide chains and can bind to two antigens, antigen B is B7-H3 and antigen A is EGFR. The format of the bispecific antibody is illustrated in Figure 1.
[0417] The heavy chain sequence of the EGFR antibody (SEQ ID NO: 18) and the light chain sequence of the EGFR antibody (SEQ ID NO: 23) , the heavy chain sequence of the B7-H3 antibody (SEQ ID NO: 6) and the light chain sequence of the B7-H3 antibody (SEQ ID NO: 12) were inserted into a vector pcDNA3.1 (Invitrogen, V790-20) to obtain an anti-EGFR heavy chain plasmid, an anti-EGFR light chain plasmid, an anti-B7-H3 heavy chain plasmid and an anti-B7H 3 light chain plasmid, respectively.
[0418] The heavy-chain plasmid, the light-chain plasmid of the B7-H3 antibody and the heavy-chain plasmid and the light-chain plasmid of the EGFR antibody are transiently transfected into ExpiCHO (Invitrogen, A29133) cells, respectively. After 7 days, cell fermentation broth is harvested, filtered, and purified by a Hitrap Mabselect Sure column chromatography (GE Healthcare, 11-0034-95) to obtain the parent antibody EGFR and the parent antibody B7-H3.
[0419] The concentrations were determined by A280 nm absorbance, and the parent antibodies were mixed with a molar ratio of 1: 1. A proper amount of reducing agent GSH was added, and the reaction was incubated overnight at room temperature. Upon completion of the reaction, the reducing agent was removed by ultrafiltration. Further purification by using MonoS cation exchange chromatography column (GE Healthcare, 17-5168-01) afforded the B7-H3 / EGFR bsAb.
[0420] Similar preparation were performed for M30 antibody, Zalutumumab, and IgG1 control antibody (also referred as isotype control) following the expression of EGFR and B7-H3 parent antibodies. The sequences of these antibodies can be seen in the Sequence information.
[0421] Example 2 Synthesis of ADC
[0422] The example ADCs of the present invention and control ADC are synthesized as follows.
[0423] Materials and Equipment
[0424] 1. Reagents and columns
[0425] 2. Equipment
[0426] General procedures
[0427] General procedure A: DTT treatment to fully reduce all the inter-chain disulfide bonds. An antibody-drug conjugate solution (approximately 1 mg / mL, 50 μL) was mixed with a dithiothreitol (DTT) aqueous solution (1 M, 1.0 μL) . The mixture was adjusted to pH 7.5 with Tris buffer (1 M, pH 8.5) and incubated at 37℃ for 30 minutes to prepare a sample readily used in an HPLC analysis.
[0428] General procedure B: Measurement of the drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) in ADC composition using RP-HPLC analysis. An HPLC analysis was carried out under the following measurement conditions. The signals were detected by dual wavelength: 280 nm / 360 nm for ADCs carrying NT3 / Dxd, and 280 nm / 248 nm for ADCs carrying MMAE.
[0429] General procedure C: Measurement of the ADC purity using SEC analysis. An SEC analysis was carried out under the following measurement conditions. The signals were detected by dual wavelength: 280 nm / 360 nm for ADCs carrying NT3 / Dxd, and 280 nm / 248 nm for ADCs carrying MMAE.
[0430] Example 2.1: synthesis of BS01-NT3
[0431] wherein Ab is BS01; q is, for example, an integer of from 4 to 10, mainly 8, , the obtained BS01-NT3 has a an average DAR of 7.78 as determined in the following experiment.
[0432] To a solution of the bispecific antibody (BS01) (7.0 mg) in histidine buffer (1.75 mL, 20 mM, pH = 6.5) was added tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP) aqueous solution (57.8 μL, 10 mM in H2O, 12 equivalents) , and the obtained mixture was then incubated at 25 ℃ for 2 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction was added a solution of linker-payload (NT3 (vide example 4 of WO2021173773A1) , 71.2 μL, 10 mg / mL in DMSO, 13 equivalents) and additional DMSO was added to make a final ratio of 10% (DMSO / buffer, v / v) . The reaction mixture was further incubated at 25 ℃ for 1.5 hours. Subsequently, a 50 mM N-acetylcysteine aqueous solution (29 μL, pH = 8.0, 30 equivalents) was added, and the thus obtained mixture was further stirred at the same temperature for another 20 minutes to quench the unreacted linker-payload. Thereafter, the mixture was desalting by ZebaTM Spin Desalting Column (5 mL) , and the remaining solution was concentrated to obtain a solution of corresponding BS01-NT3 (6.4 mg, 91%) .
[0433] The resulting BS01-NT3 product was first treated with DTT following the General procedure A, then RP-HPLC analysis following the General procedure B indicated the drug-to-antibody ratio was 7.78 (vide Fig. 3) .
[0434] The schematic diagram of BS01-NT3 is shown in Fig. 2.
[0435] SEC analysis following the General procedure C indicated the percentage of monomer and low-molecular-weight-species (LMWS) were 97.38%, 2.62%, respectively (vide Fig. 4) .
[0436] Example 2.2: synthesis of EGFR-MMAE ADC (random DAR4)
[0437] a) Pretest to determine the TCEP ratio.
[0438] To a solution of an anti-EGFR antibody (zalutumumab) (0.15 mg) in histidine buffer (0.1 mL, 20 mM, pH = 6.5) was added tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP) aqueous solution (2.05 μL, 1 mM in H2O, 2.0 equivalents) , and the obtained mixture was then incubated at 37 ℃ for 2 hours. Next the reaction was added a solution of linker-payload (mc-vc-PAB-MMAE, 1.08 μL, 10 mg / mL in DMSO, 8 equivalents) and additional DMSO was added to make a final ratio of 10% (DMSO / buffer, v / v) . The reaction mixture was further incubated at 25 ℃ for 1.0 hour. Subsequently, a 50 mM N-acetylcysteine aqueous solution (0.6 μL, pH = 8.0, 30 equivalents) was added, and the thus obtained mixture was further stirred at 25 ℃ for another 20 minutes to quench the unreacted linker-payload. Thereafter, the mixture was subjected to analysis without further purification.
[0439] Following the abovementioned procedure, another two TCEP ratios were tested (3.07 μL, 1 mM in H2O, 3.0 equivalents; 4.10 μL, 1 mM in H2O, 4.0 equivalents) to provide the corresponding ADC products.
[0440] The resulting ADC products were first treated with DTT following the General procedure A, then RP-HPLC analysis following the General procedure B indicated the drug-to-antibody ratios were 1.79, 2.67, 3.42 for 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 equivalents of TCEP ratio, respectively, see Fig. 6.
[0441] The schematic diagram of EGFR-MMAE ADC is shown in Fig. 5.
[0442] b) Prepare random DAR4 ADC using the determined TCEP ratio.
[0443] According to the standard curve (Fig. 6) , TCEP ratio of 5.0 should be used to afford the DAR4 ADC. To a solution of an anti-EGFR antibody (zalutumumab) (2.0 mg) in histidine buffer (1.33 mL, 20 mM, pH = 6.5) was added tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP) aqueous solution (68.3 μL, 1 mM in H2O, 5.0 equivalents) , and the obtained mixture was then incubated at 37 ℃ for 2 hours. Next the reaction was added a solution of linker-payload (mc-vc-PAB-MMAE, the structure thereof is shown below, 14.4 μL, 10 mg / mL in DMSO, 8 equivalents) and additional DMSO was added to make a final ratio of 10% (DMSO / buffer, v / v) . The reaction mixture was further incubated at 25 ℃ for 1.5 hours. Subsequently, a 50 mM N-acetylcysteine aqueous solution (8 μL, pH = 8.0, 30 equivalents per single antibody molecule) was added, and the thus obtained mixture was further stirred at 25 ℃ for another 20 minutes to quench the unreacted linker-payload. Thereafter, the mixture was desalting by ZebaTM Spin Desalting Column (5 mL) , and the remaining solution was concentrated to obtain a solution of corresponding ADC (1.5 mg, 75%) .
[0444] The resulting ADC products were first treated with DTT following the General procedure A, then RP-HPLC analysis following the General procedure B indicated the drug-to-antibody ratios was 4.15 (Fig. 7) .
[0445] SEC analysis following the General procedure C indicated the percentage of high-molecular-weight-species (HMWS) and monomer were 0.20%, 99.80%, respectively (Fig. 8) .
[0446] mc-vc-PAB-MMAE
[0447] Example 2.3: synthesis of B7-H3-DAR4 ADC according to Daiichi enrich technology
[0448] a) Pretest to determine the TCEP ratio.
[0449] To a solution of an anti-B7-H3 antibody (M30) (0.3 mg) in histidine buffer (0.06 mL, 20 mM, pH = 6.5) was added tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP) aqueous solution (1.025 μL, 5 mM in H2O, 2.5 equivalents) , and the obtained mixture was then incubated at 0 ℃ for 6 hours. Next the reaction was added a solution of linker-payload (mc-GGFG-Dxd, the structure thereof is shown below, 1.7 μL, 10 mg / mL in DMSO, 8 equivalents) and additional DMSO was added to make a final ratio of 15% (DMSO / buffer, v / v) . The reaction mixture was further incubated at 0 ℃ for 1.0 hour. Subsequently, a 50 mM N-acetylcysteine aqueous solution (1.23 μL, pH = 8.0, 30 equivalents) was added, and the thus obtained mixture was further stirred at 25 ℃ for another 20 minutes to quench the unreacted linker-payload. Thereafter, the mixture was subjected to analysis without further purification.
[0450] Following the abovementioned procedure, another two TCEP ratios were tested (1.435 μL, 5 mM in H2O, 3.5 equivalents per single antibody molecule; 1.845 μL, 5 mM in H2O, 4.5 equivalents) to provide the corresponding ADC products.
[0451] The resulting ADC products were first treated with DTT following the General procedure A, then RP-HPLC analysis following the General procedure B indicated the drug-to-antibody ratios were 3.08, 3.79, 4.26 for 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 equivalents of TCEP ratio, respectively (Fig. 10) .
[0452] The schematic diagram of the M30 (B7-H3) -Dxd (DAR4) is shown in Fig. 9.
[0453] b) Prepare random DAR4 ADC using the determined TCEP ratio.
[0454] According to the standard curve (Fig. 10) , TCEP ratio of 4.0 should be used to afford the DAR4 ADC. To a solution of an anti-B7-H3 antibody (M30) (8.0 mg) in histidine buffer (1.6 mL, 20 mM, pH = 6.5) was added tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP) aqueous solution (43.73 μL, 5 mM in H2O, 4.0 equivalents) , and the obtained mixture was then incubated at 0 ℃ for 6 hours. Next the reaction was added a solution of linker-payload (mc-GGFG-Dxd, 45.2 μL, 10 mg / mL in DMSO, 8 equivalents) and additional DMSO was added to make a final ratio of 15%(DMSO / buffer, v / v) . The reaction mixture was further incubated at 0 ℃ for 1.5 hours. Subsequently, a 50 mM N-acetylcysteine aqueous solution (32.8 μL, pH = 8.0, 30 equivalents) was added, and the thus obtained mixture was further stirred at 25 ℃ for another 20 minutes to quench the unreacted linker-payload. Thereafter, the mixture was desalting by ZebaTM Spin Desalting Column (5 mL) , and the remaining solution was concentrated to obtain a solution of corresponding ADC (7.2 mg, 90%) .
[0455] The resulting ADC products were first treated with DTT following the General procedure A, then RP-HPLC analysis following the General procedure B indicated the drug-to-antibody ratios was 3.80 (Fig. 11) .
[0456] SEC analysis following the General procedure C indicated the percentage of high-molecular-weight-species (HMWS) and monomer were 0.45%, 99.55%, respectively (Fig. 12) .
[0457] mc-GGFG-Dxd
[0458] Example 2.4: synthesis of IgG1-NT3 (also referred to as Isotype control NT3)
[0459] To a solution of the IgG1 antibody (20.0 mg) in histidine buffer (5.0 mL, 20 mM, pH = 6.5) was added tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP) aqueous solution (271 μL, 10 mM in H2O, 20 equivalents) , and the obtained mixture was then incubated at 37 ℃ for 2 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction was added a solution of linker-payload (NT3, 200 μL, 10 mg / mL in DMSO, 13 equivalents) and additional DMSO was added to make a final ratio of 10%(DMSO / buffer, v / v) . The reaction mixture was further incubated at 25 ℃ for 1.5 hours. Thereafter, the mixture was desalting by ZebaTM Spin Desalting Column (10 mL) , and the remaining solution was concentrated to obtain a solution of corresponding ADC (18.2 mg, 91%) .
[0460] The resulting ADC product was first treated with DTT following the General procedure A, then RP-HPLC analysis following the General procedure B indicated the drug-to-antibody ratio was 7.75 (Fig. 14) .
[0461] The schematic diagram of IgG1-NT3 is shown in Fig. 13.
[0462] SEC analysis following the General procedure C indicated the percentage of high-molecular-weight-species (HMWS) and monomer were 1.09%, 98.91%, respectively (Fig. 15) .
[0463] We also prepared isotype control Dxd (DAR4) and isotype control MMAE (DAR3.2) as control ADC.
[0464] Example 3: Stability of the ADC in mouse and monkey plasma:
[0465] BS01-NT3 was diluted with mouse or monkey plasma to achieve a final conc. of 1.0 mg / mL (200 μL, n=7) , and the ADCs were incubated at 37 ℃ for 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, respectively, before purification and analysis. Total ADCs were recovered from plasma by immunoprecipitation using Fc-specific anti-human IgG-agarose resin, and the samples were first reduced following General procedure A, then analyzed by RP-HPLC following the General procedure B to monitor the DAR changes over time. The results are shown in Fig 16 and the following table.
[0466] Example 4 In vitro pharmacological activity of BS01-NT3 in various tumor cell lines
[0467] The experiments were performed with the following cell lines
[0468] HCC-827: ATCC, CRL-2868; NCI-H1975: ATCC, CRL-5908; NCI-H358: ATCC, CRL-5807; Calu-6: ATCC, HTB-56; NCI-H460: ATCC, HTB-177; HCI-H292: ATCC, CRL-1848; JIMT-1: CoBioer, CBP60378; FADU: ATCC, HTB-43; LNCaP: CoBioer, CBP60346; BxPC3: CoBioer, CBP60542;
[0469] Experiment method:
[0470] (1) 1000 cells / 100ul were plated on a 96 well white substrate (NUNC, 136101) and incubated overnight.
[0471] (2) The pre diluted drugs (100nM, 4x dilution) were added to the corresponding cell plate well and incubated at 37 ℃ for 6 days.
[0472] (3) The pre prepared Cell Titer reagent (Promega, G7572) was added to the corresponding wells containing the cells and placed at room temperature in the dark for 30 minutes, subjected to a detection using a Multi-Function microplate reader (Molecular Devices, Spectra MAXi3) .
[0473] Results:
[0474] BS01-NT3 had a range of potencies against the panel of cell lines. BS01-NT3 is capable of inhibiting the growth of tumor cells expressing various levels of B7-H3 and EGFR. The results can be seen in Fig. 17.
[0475] On LnCAP cells expressing very low levels of EGFR and higher levels of B7-H3, BS01-NT3 showed superior in vitro cytotoxicity compared to the benchmark B7-H3 and EGFR ADCs. In contrast, when BS01-NT3’s in vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated on BxPC3 cells, which express lower levels of EGFR compared to B7-H3, BS01-NT3 showed inferior in vitro cytotoxicity compared to the benchmark EGFR ADC but was superior to the benchmark B7-H3 ADC (Fig. 18) .
[0476] Example 5 In vivo pharmacological experiments of BS01-NT3
[0477] Example 5.1 In vivo pharmacological experiments of BS01-NT3 in NCI-H1975 (NSCLC) CDX mouse tumor model
[0478] Experimental methods
[0479] NCI-H1975 cells were passaged and cultured, and resuspended with PBS and Matrigel Matix at equal proportions. 8E6 cells / 200ul were inoculated into the right abdomen of CB17 / SCID mice (purchased from Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co., Ltd. ) . On day 7, mice were grouped and administrated via tail vein, with a dosing cycle: once a week, two administrations in total. The tumor size and weight were measured twice a week.
[0480] Tumor inhibition (TGI%) was calculated as follows: TGI%=100%* (control group tumor volume -treatment group tumor volume) / (control group tumor volume -initial tumor volume of the control group) .
[0481] Tumor volume measurement: The maximum long axis (L) and maximum wide axis (W) of the tumor were measured using a vernier caliper. The tumor volume was calculated using the following formula: V= L*W2 / 2
[0482] Experimental result
[0483] On the 36th day of NCI-H1975 CDX modeling, the tumor inhibition rate in mice was calculated to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of BS01-NT3. After administering twice (once a week) , both 1mg / kg and 3mg / kg BS01-NT3 showed in vivo anti-tumor activity (Fig 19) . 3mg / kg having better anti-tumor activity than 1mg / kg.
[0484] On the 36th day, the tumor inhibition rate of mice was calculated. At a dose of 3mg / kg, the average tumor size was 66 mm3 and the tumor inhibition rate was >100%.
[0485] The analysis of weight changes in mice for the 1mg / kg and 3mg / kg groups showed that BS01-NT3 had good safety.
[0486] Example 5.2 In vivo pharmacological experiments of BS01-NT3 in JIMT-1 (BCAR) CDX mouse tumor model
[0487] Experimental methods
[0488] JIMT-1 cells were passaged and cultured, and resuspended with PBS and Matrigel Matix at equal proportions. 8E6 cells / 200ul were inoculated into the right abdomen of CB17 / SCID mice (purchased from Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co., Ltd. ) . On day 8, mice were grouped and administrated via tail vein, with a dosing cycle: once a week, two administrations in total. The tumor size and weight were measured twice a week.
[0489] Tumor inhibition (TGI%) was calculated as follows: TGI%=100%* (control group tumor volume -treatment group tumor volume) / (control group tumor volume -initial tumor volume of the control group) .
[0490] Tumor volume measurement: the maximum long axis (L) and maximum wide axis (W) of the tumor were measured using a vernier caliper. The tumor volume was calculated using the following formula: V= L*W2 / 2
[0491] Experimental result
[0492] On the 32th day of JIMT-1 CDX modeling, the tumor inhibition rate in mice was calculated to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of BS01-NT3. After administering twice (once a week) , 3mg / kg BS01-NT3 showed good in vivo anti-tumor activity, with an average tumor size of 62 mm3 and a tumor inhibition rate of>100% (Fig. 20) .
[0493] The analysis of weight changes in mice for the 1mg / kg and 3mg / kg groups showed that BS01-NT3 had good safety.
[0494] Example 6 In vivo PK study of BS01-NT3
[0495] Experimental methods
[0496] JIMT-1 tumor bearing CB17-SCID mice were administrated BS01-NT3 intravenously at 3 mg / kg on days 11 and 18. Blood samples were collected at 2 h, 20 h, 43 h, 4 days and 7 days after 1st administration, and the concentrations of BS01-NT3 (total antibody and ADC) in serum were determined by ELISA method. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using the non-compartmental model to evaluate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of BS01-NT3.
[0497] Experimental result
[0498] Cmax of BS01-NT3 ADC and BS01-NT3 total antibody were 53 and 58 μg / mL, respectively; AUClast of BS01-NT3 ADC and BS01-NT3 total antibody were 3802 and 3589 h·μg / mL, respectively; elimination half-life (t1 / 2) of BS01-NT3 ADC and BS01-NT3 total antibody were 99 and 120 h, respectively; and clearance rates of BS01-NT3 ADC and BS01-NT3 total antibody were 0.55 and 0.54 mL / h / kg, respectively. Comparable levels were observed for both the ADC and the total antibody components, indicating that BS01-NT3 maintains good stability in blood (Fig. 21) .
[0499] Sequence information:
Claims
1.An antibody drug conjugate of the formula (I) : Ab- (L-D) p (I)or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof,wherein:Ab is an antibody or fragment thereof that specifically binds EGFR and B7-H3 (e.g., human EGFR and humanB7-H3) ;L is a linker;D is a drug, preferably an anti-tumor compound; andp is an integer selected from 1 to 16, e.g. 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10,wherein Ab in formula (I) is a bispecific antibody that specifically binds to B7-H3 and EGFR comprising a first antigen-binding region that specifically binds to EGFR and a second antigen-binding region that specifically binds to B7-H3, wherein the second antigen-binding region that specifically binds to B7-H3 comprises HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3, LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3, whereinthe HCDR1 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, the HCDR2 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, the HCDR3 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, the LCDR1 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, the LCDR2 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8, and the LCDR3 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9.2.The antibody-drug conjugate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to claim 1, wherein the second antigen-binding region that specifically binds B7-H3 comprises a VH and a VL, wherein said VH comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4 or an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%identity thereto, and said VL comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10 or an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%identity thereto.3.The antibody-drug conjugate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second antigen-binding region that specifically binds B7-H3 comprises a VH and a VL, wherein the VH and VL comprise or consist of, respectively, the amino acid sequences shown below: SEQ ID NO: 4 and 10, respectively.4.The antibody-drug conjugate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first antigen-binding region that specifically binds EGFR comprises HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3, LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3, whereinHCDR1 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 13; HCDR2 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 14; HCDR3 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 15; LCDR1 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 19; LCDR2 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 20; and LCDR3 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 21.5.The antibody-drug conjugate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first antigen-binding region that specifically binds EGFR comprises a VH and a VL, wherein said VH comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 16 or an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%identity thereto, and said VL comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22 or an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%identity thereto.6.The antibody-drug conjugate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first antigen-binding region that specifically binds EGFR comprises a VH and a VL, wherein the VH and VL comprise or consist of, respectively, the amino acid sequences shown below: SEQ ID NO: 16 and 22, respectively.7.The antibody-drug conjugate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the bispecific antibody comprises a first Fc region and a second Fc region, wherein the first Fc region and the second Fc region are the same or different.8.The antibody-drug conjugate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to claim 7, wherein the first and second Fc regions are, respectively, human IgG Fc, e.g., human IgG1 Fc, human IgG2 Fc, human IgG3 Fc, or human IgG4 Fc, e.g., comprise or consist of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO 30 or an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, e.g., 95%, 96%, 97%, 99%or more identity thereto.9.The antibody-drug conjugate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the first and second Fc regions of the bispecific antibody have introduced therein mutations that promote heterodimerization of the first and second Fc regions.10.The antibody-drug conjugate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to claim 9, wherein the mutation of the Fc region is introduced based on the Knob-into-Hole technique, wherein the corresponding Knob mutation and Hole mutation are introduced in the first Fc region and the second Fc region, respectively.11.The antibody-drug conjugate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to claim 10, wherein one Fc region comprises the amino acid substitutions S354C and T366W and the other Fc region comprises the amino acid substitutions Y349C, T366S, L368A and Y407V (numbering according to the EU index) , e.g., wherein the S354C and Y349C form a non-natural disulfide bond.12.The antibody-drug conjugate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to claim 9, wherein the mutation of the Fc region is introduced based on the Innobody technology.13.The antibody-drug conjugate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 7 to 12, wherein the Fc region further comprises a mutation that reduces binding to the Fcγ receptor, such as the L234A / L235A mutation.14.The antibody-drug conjugate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 7 to 13, wherein one Fc region polypeptide comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27 or an amino acid sequence having at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID No: 27, and the other Fc region polypeptide comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28 or an amino acid sequence having at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID No: 28.15.The antibody-drug conjugate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 7 to 14, wherein the first antigen-binding region of the bispecific antibody is a Fab fragment, and / or the second antigen-binding region is a Fab.16.The antibody-drug conjugate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to claim 15, wherein the Fab, which is the first antigen binding region or the second antigen binding region, comprises CH1, wherein the CH1 is CH1 from IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4, preferably CH1 from IgG1.17.The antibody-drug conjugate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to claim 16, wherein the CH1 comprises(i) comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29, or(ii) comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29.18.The antibody-drug conjugate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein the Fab, which is the first antigen binding region or the second antigen binding region, comprises a light chain constant region, wherein the light chain constant region is a Kappa light chain constant region or a Lambda light chain constant region.19.The antibody-drug conjugate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to claim 18, wherein the Kappa light chain constant region comprises(i) comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11, or(ii) comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11.20.The antibody-drug conjugate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 15 to 19, wherein the first antigen binding region that specifically binds EGFR comprises a first Fab linked at its C-terminus of CH1 to the N-terminus of the first Fc region (with or without a connector, e.g., a hinge region) and the second antigen binding region that specifically binds B7-H3 comprises a second Fab linked at its C-terminus of CH1 to the N-terminus of the second Fc region (with or without a connector, e.g., a hinge region) .21.The antibody-drug conjugate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to claim 20, wherein the bispecific antibody is an IgG-like antibody having the configuration shown in Figure 1.22.The antibody-drug conjugate, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to claim 20 or 21, wherein the bispecific antibody comprises a first Fab as a first antigen-binding region that specifically binds EGFR and a second Fab as a second antigen-binding region that specifically binds to B7-H3, wherein the bispecific antibody comprises or consists ofHeavy chain 1: from N-terminus to C-terminus comprises or consists of: heavy chain variable region of the Fab that specifically binds EGFR -heavy chain constant region CH1-First Fc region, wherein heavy chain constant region CH1 is linked at its C-terminus to the N-terminus of the first Fc region with or without a connector (e.g., hinge region) ;Light chain 1: from N-terminus to C-terminus comprises or consists of: a light chain variable region of the Fab that specifically binds EGFR -light chain constant region;Heavy chain 2: from N-terminus to C-terminus comprises or consists of: heavy chain variable region of the Fab that specifically binds B7-H3 -heavy chain constant region CH1-second Fc region, wherein heavy chain constant region CH1 is linked at its C-terminus to the N-terminus of the second Fc region with or without a connector (e.g., hinge region) ;Light chain 2: from N-terminus to C-terminus comprises or consists of: a light chain variable region of the Fab that specifically binds B7-H3 -light chain constant region,preferably, each domain is linked directly;optionally, said first Fc region comprises mutations S354C and T366W, and said second Fc region comprises mutations Y349C, T366S, L368A and Y407V ; optionally, the first and second Fc regions further comprise L234A / L235A mutations, respectively.23.The antibody-drug conjugate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to claim 22, wherein Heavy chain 1 comprising the amino acid sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 18, or an amino acid sequence having at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%identity thereto; Light chain 1 comprising the amino acid sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 23, or an amino acid sequence having at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%identity thereto; Heavy chain 2 comprising the amino acid sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 6, or an amino acid sequence having at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%identity thereto; ; and Light chain 2 comprising the amino acid sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 12, or an amino acid sequence having at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%identity thereto.24.The antibody-drug conjugate, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 23, wherein anti-tumor compound is selected from a cytotoxic agent, e.g., camptothecins, auristatins, maytansinoids, taxanes, anthracyclines, vinca alkaloids, Tubulysins, MEK inhibitors, KSP inhibitors, kinase inhibitors and protein degraders (i.e. PROTAC) .25.The antibody-drug conjugate, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 24, wherein D is represented by formula (D-1) : wherein R1 is selected from H, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C2-C6 haloalkenyl and C2-C6 haloalkynyl;R2 is selected from H, halo, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, -OR4 and -SR4; R3 is selected from H, halo, CN, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl and -OR4; or R2 and R3 taken together form -O (CH2) nO-or -O (CF2) nO-, wherein n is 1 or 2;R4 is selected from H or C1-C4 alkyl.26.The antibody-drug conjugate, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to claim 25, wherein R1 is H, R2 is C1-C6 alkyl, and R3 is -F.27.The antibody-drug conjugate, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to claim 25, wherein D is represented by formula (D-2) : wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as defined in claim 25 or 26.28.The antibody-drug conjugate, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to claim 25, wherein D is represented by formula (D-3) or formula (D-4) : 29.The antibody-drug conjugate, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 1-28, wherein -L-is represented by the following structure: -Z-E-NH-CH2-Q-L2-L1-wherein Z is linked to Ab, L1 is linked to D;Z is selected fromwherein m is an integer from 1 to 10; the carbonyl at the right end of Z is covalently linked to E;E is a peptide comprising 2-10 amino acids, wherein the peptide is optionally substituted with 1 or more polyol groups, wherein the N-terminus of the peptide is covalently linked to Z;Q is -O-or -S-;L1 is absent or - (C1-C10alkylene) -;L2 is absent, -N (R5) C (O) - (C1-C10alkylene) -*or -C (O) N (R5) - (C1-C10alkylene) -*; wherein *indicates that the terminus is covalently linked to Q; andR5 is H or C1-C6 alkyl.30.The antibody-drug conjugate, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to claim 29,wherein E is a peptide residue of 2, 3, or 4 amino acids, the amino acids are selected from glycine, alanine, valine, glutamine, glutamic acid, phenylalanine, and leucine, and wherein the glutamine or glutamic acid is optionally substituted with one polyol group; and-L2-L1-is - (C1-C6alkylene) -, - (C1-C6alkylene) -N (R5) C (O) - (C1-C6alkylene) -*or- (C1-C6alkylene) -C (O) N (R5) - (C1-C10alkylene) -*, wherein *indicates that the terminus is covalently linked to Q;R5 is H or C1-C6 alkyl.31.The antibody-drug conjugate, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to claim 30,wherein, E is -Gln-Val-Ala-, -Gly-Val-Ala-, -Gln-Phe-Ala-, -Gly-Phe-Ala-orwherein R6 is H or C1-C6 alkyl, wherein these E groups are covalently linked to Z through the left N-terminus; and-L2-L1-is - (C1-C6alkylene) -.32.The antibody-drug conjugate, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to claim 31,wherein -Z-E-NH-CH2-Q-L2-L1-is represented by the following structurethe right terminus of the structure is linked to D.33.The antibody-drug conjugate, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 32, wherein antibody-drug conjugate of formula (I) is represented by the following structure: Ab’- (S-L-D) p (I’)wherein Ab’ is as defined for Ab in one of claims 1-23; L, D and p are as defined in one of claims 1-32.34.The antibody-drug conjugate, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 33, which has an average DAR of from 5 to 11 or from 7.5 to 8.5.35.The antibody-drug conjugate, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to claim 1,wherein the antibody-drug conjugate is selected fromwhere Ab is a bispecific antibody that specifically binds to EGFR and B7-H3, comprising heavy chain 1, light chain 1, heavy chain 2, and light chain 2, or composed of said four chains, whereinHeavy chain 1 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 18; Light chain 1 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23; Heavy chain 2 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6; and Light chain 2 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12;q is as defined for p in claim 1;preferably, the antibody-drug conjugate according to claim 1, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof has an average DAR of from 5 to 11 or from 7.5 to 8.5.36.A pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody-drug conjugate, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of 1 to 35, and optionally one or more other therapeutic agents, such as chemotherapeutic agents, angiogenesis inhibitors, cytokines, cytotoxic agents, other antibodies, small molecule drugs, or immune modulators and optionally pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.37.A pharmaceutical combination comprising the antibody-drug conjugate, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 35, and one or more other therapeutic agents, such as chemotherapeutic agents, angiogenesis inhibitors, cytokines, cytotoxic agents, other antibodies, small molecule drugs, or immune modulators.38.A method of preventing or treating a tumor in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the antibody-drug conjugate, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 35, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 36, or the pharmaceutical combination of claim 37.39.The method of claim 38, wherein the tumor is a cancer, preferably, the cancer has B7-H3 and / or EGFR at elevated level (such as at nucleic acid or protein level) compared with the corresponding tissue of a healthy subject or a healthy tissue adjacent to the tumor tissue of the patient.40.The method of claim 39, wherein the cancer is selected from epithelial cancer or gastrointestinal cancer, such as gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric adenocarcinoma, breast cancer, prostate cancer, melanoma, cervical cancer, lung cancer (such as non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, degenerative lung cancer, large cell lung cancer) , head and neck cancer, squamous cell carcinoma such as oral squamous cell cancer or pharyngeal squamous cell cancer, renal cancer, bladder cancer, ovarian cancer and pancreatic cancer.41.A method of any one of claims 38-40, wherein the method further comprises administering one or more therapies, such as a therapeutic approach and / or other therapeutic agents, preferably the therapeutic approach includes radiation therapy or surgery, or the therapeutic agents include chemotherapeutic agents, angiogenesis inhibitors, cytokines, cytotoxic agents, other antibodies, small molecule drugs, or immune modulators.
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