Hinged additive manufactured top-attach

Abstract

A hinged attachment (200) includes a hinge connector (210) and an angled bar (220). The hinge connector (210) includes plates (201, 203) with at least one knuckle (205, 207) therebetween. The plates (201, 203) are angled plates. The angled plates (201, 203) include a first plate (201) angled with respect to a second plate (203). The angled bar (220) includes at least one hinge end portion (225, 227) and a connection point (222). The at least one hinge end portion (225, 227) of the angled bar (220) is hinged and coupled to the at least one knuckle (205, 207) such that the angled bar (220) is rotatable between the first plate (201) and the second plate (203). The angled bar (220) includes an external solid layer (231), and at least one variable density infill inner layer (230).

Description

HINGED ADDITIVE MANUFACTURED TOP-ATTACHBACKGROUND

[0001] Frames are designed to attach the top of a monument (e.g., a galley frame, a wardrobe) within an aircraft. These frames are used for securement of the monuments and designed to withstand certain static and dynamic loads to securely position the monuments while in service and during the flight. However, the loading conditions may vary during operation, installation, and / or locations of the monuments within the aircraft. The installation may not be easy and may be time consuming.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0002] Various embodiments in accordance with the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings, in which:

[0003] FIG. 1 illustrates a monument of an aircraft attached using an existing triangular frame attachment.

[0004] FIG. 2 illustrates an example hinged attachment, according to various embodiments.

[0005] FIG. 3 is a side view of the hinged attachment of FIG. 2.

[0006] FIG. 4 is a side view of the hinged attachment of FIG. 2 coupled to a monument.

[0007] FIG. 5 illustrates a two-piece assembly of a hinged attachment, according to some embodiments.

[0008] FIG. 6 illustrates a single-piece assembly of a hinged attachment, according to some embodiments.

[0009] FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B illustrate the hinged attachment in stowed away positions on a monument, according to some embodiments.

[0010] FIG. 8 A and FIG. 8B illustrate the hinged attachment in deployed positions on the monument, according to some embodiments.SUMMARY

[0011] According to some embodiments, attachments for a monument of an aircraft can include structures configured to withstand several dynamic and static loading conditions while being light weight compared to existing rods. Specific embodiments relate to a hinged attachment manufactured using additive manufacturing (e.g., three-dimensional (3D) printing). The hinged attachment herein can be substantially lighter and stronger compared to existing triangular frames made of metal (e.g., typically used in aircraft, automotive or other applications). This provides substantial weight benefits in a number of applications (e.g., aircraft).

[0012] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a hinged attachment includes a hinge connector and an angled bar. The hinge connector includes angled plates with at least one knuckle therebetween. The angled plates include a first plate angled with respect to a second plate. The angled bar comprising at least one hinge end portion and a connection point. The at least one hinge end portion of the angled bar is hinged to the at least one knuckle such that the angled bar is rotatable between the first plate and the second plate. The angled bar includes an external solid layer, and at least one variable density infill inner layer. In some embodiments, the first plate comprises a coupling tab configured to couple with a side of a monument. In some embodiments, the second plate is configured to couple to another side of the monument. In some embodiments, the at least one knuckle comprises a first knuckle spaced from a second knuckle. Each of the first and the second knuckles includes a hollow receiving portion. In some embodiments, the angled bar includes a first bar connected to a second bar at an angle at the connection point. In some embodiments, the first bar and the second bar are integrally formed. In some embodiments, the first bar and the second bar are removably attached at the connection point. In some embodiments, the first bar has a first diameter greater than a second diameter of the second bar, the first bar being subjected to higher compression stress than the second bar. In some embodiments, the solid external layer of the angled bar is made of a metal or a metal alloy, a composite material, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the solid external layer of the angled bar is made of the composite material comprises: one or more continuous fibers extending continuously along a length of the angled bar. In some embodiments, the solid external layer of the angled bar is made of a first material, and the at least one variable density infill inner layer is made of a second material same as the first material, the at least one variable density infill inner layer has a sparse lattice geometry compared to the solid external layer. In someembodiments, the sparse lattice geometry of the at least one variable density infill inner layer of the angled bar indicates a lattice geometry changing form to allow gradually greater air space in a volume towards a center of the angled bar. In some embodiments, the at least one variable density infill inner layer has an infill pattern comprising a triangular mesh. In some embodiments, the at least one variable density infill inner layer comprises a first infill layer, and a second infill layer on an inner side of the first infill layer, the second infill layer having lower density than the first infill layer, wherein the first infill layer has a variable density from the first infill layer to the second infill layer ranges from 90% to 20%. In some embodiments, the at least one variable density infill inner layer further comprises: a third infill layer inside the second infill layer, the third infill layer having lower density than the second infill layer. The third layer has a variable density ranging from 30% to 20% and an infill pattern comprising a triangular mesh. In some embodiments, each of the infill layers have a geometric shape comprising at least one of: a rounded rectangular cross-sectional shape or an elongated oval cross-sectional shape. The cross-section shape extends in a crosssection plane passing through a longitudinal axis of the angled bar and extending along a length of the angled bar. In some embodiments, the hinge connector includes a compression bracket defining a first knuckle of the at least one knuckle to hingedly couple the angled bar, the compression bracket being subjected to compression stress under loading condition; and a tension bracket defining a second knuckle of the at least one knuckle to hingedly couple the angled bar, the compression bracket being subjected to tensile stress under loading condition. In some embodiments, the tension bracket is separated from the compression bracket. In some embodiments, the tension bracket is integrally formed with the compression bracket to form a single piece bracket.

[0013] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a hinged attachment system includes a monument, a hinge connector and an angled bar. The monument can be inside an aircraft. The monument has a top side and a second side extending from the top side. The hinge connector includes angled plates with at least one knuckle therebetween. The angled plates include a first plate angled with respect to a second plate. The first plate is configured to couple to the top side of the monument, and the second plate configured to couple to the second side of the monument. The angled bar includes at least one hinge end portion and a connection point. The at least one hinge end portion of the angled bar is hingedly coupled to the at least one knuckle such that the angled bar is rotatable between the first plate and the second plate. The angled bar includes an external solid layer, and at least one variable density infill inner layer. The angled bar is configured to couple the hinge connector and themonument to a panel of an aircraft. In some embodiments, the first plate comprises a coupling tab configured to couple with the top side of a monument. In some embodiments, the solid external layer of the angled bar is made of a metal or a metal alloy, a composite material, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the solid external layer of the angled bar is made of the composite material comprises: one or more continuous fibers extending continuously along a length of the angled bar. In some embodiments, the solid external layer of the angled bar is made of a first material, and the at least one variable density infill inner layer is made of a second material, the same as the first material, the at least one variable density infill inner layer has a sparse lattice geometry compared to the solid external layer.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] In the following description, various embodiments will be described. For purposes of explanation, specific configurations and details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, it will also be apparent to one skilled in the art that the embodiments may be practiced without the specific details. Furthermore, well-known features may be omitted or simplified in order not to obscure the embodiment being described.

[0015] FIG. 1 illustrates a monument 10 of an aircraft attached using an attachment 15. The existing attachment 15 includes a triangular frame 100 coupled to two hinges 121, 122. The hinges 121, 122 can be coupled to sides of the monument 10. The frame 100 includes pins 101, 102, 103 at corners of the triangle for coupling wires 105 to hang or couple the monument 10 to a panel (not illustrated) of the aircraft. As shown, several of such attachments 100 are needed to attach a single monument that results in substantial added weights due to the attachments. These frames 100 may not be pre-installed with the monument 10 as it may hinder movement of the monument within the aircraft during installation process. Installing the frames 100 to attach the monument within the aircraft can time due to limited space available within the aircraft and number of components to be installed. Furthermore, frames may not be configured to sustain various loading conditions that may be experienced during a flight of an aircraft. Hence, an improved attachment means is desired that can sustain various loading conditions experienced during the flight of an aircraft and are substantially lighter.

[0016] The present disclosure provides and additively manufactured hinged attachment that can be used to top-attach a monument. The hinged attachment provides a hinged triangular frame printed with an optimized panel attachment. The additively manufactured hinged attachment provide several advantages including, but not limited to, fewer parts, preassembled assembly (e.g., pre-installed on the monument) off a print bed, and optimal weight. The hinged attachment can involve design optimization to reduce part counts and inventory as well as reduce labor and on-aircraft installation time. The hinged attachment can include a variable density infill. The hinged attachment can be manufactured using metal, composite material, or a combination thereof. The hinged attachment and an aircraft interior subsystem align with sustainability goals. The hinged attachment can use less raw material, weigh less, improve stress / strain performance under various loading conditions, can be manufactured using less labor, reduce installation time (including on-aircraft installation), cost less, and can be recyclable.

[0017] Technical challenges to use additive manufacturing of the attachment assembly and its components can be an optimization challenge, which is not a trivial task. For example, the shape can be highly flexible and the cost can be extremely variable. The optimization process to involve consideration of various design and manufacturing parameters. For example, one or more optimization parameters can include, but not limited to, taking advantage of extreme geometry flexibility for complexity of function and appearance of different parts, consolidate parts, low to moderate part volumes, part nesting for economy, include many failure modes in design optimizations, vary the geometry exterior and interior from other manufacturing and process methods, include secondary treatment and finish considerations, and include polymer, metal and / or composite design comparisons.

[0018] FIGS. 2 through 4 illustrate an example hinged attachment coupled to the, according to various embodiments. The hinged attachment 200 can be configured to couple to a top side 11 and another side 12 extending from the top side 11 of the monument 10. In many embodiments, the attachment 200 can include a hinge connector 210 and an angled bar 220. The hinge connector 210 can include angled plates 201 and 203 with at least one knuckle 205 and 207 therebetween. For example, the angled plates can include a first plate 201 angled with respect to a second plate 203. In the illustrated embodiment, the angled plates can have an angle of 90 degrees. In some embodiments, the angle can be 60 degrees, 120 degrees, or other angles.

[0019] In an illustrated embodiment, in FIG. 3, the first plate 201 can include a coupling tab 202 configured to couple with a side of a monument e.g., a top side 11 of the monument10. For example, the coupling tab 202 can include a flange portion extending from a projection. The second plate 203 can be configured to couple to another side (e.g., a side 12) of the monument (e.g., 10). For example, the second plate 203 can be coupled via fasteners, adhesive or other attachment mechanisms.

[0020] In some embodiments, the at least one knuckle can include a first knuckle 205 spaced from a second knuckle 207. Each of the first and the second knuckles 205, 207 can include a hollow receiving portion. In the illustrated embodiment, in FIG. 2, the hollow receiving portion is configured to receive a cylindrically shaped object. The hollow receiving portions are axially aligned.

[0021] In many embodiments, the angled bar 220 can include at least one hinge end portion (e.g., 225 and 227) and a connection point (e.g., 222). The at least one hinge end portion (e.g., 225 and 227) of the angled bar 220 can be hingedly coupled to the at least one knuckle (e.g., 205, 207) such that the angled bar 220 is rotatable between the first plate 201 and the second plate 203. For example, the at least one hinge end portion includes a first hinge end portion 225 and a second hinge end portion 227 configured to be received within the respective knuckles 205 and 207.

[0022] Although, FIGS. 2-4 illustrate angled plates, other types of plates are possible. For example, instead of an angled plate, a flat plate with knuckle may be used. Accordingly, depending on a surface of a monument, an angled plate may be used at angled portions (e.g., two walls of the monument) and flat plate may be used at flat portions (e.g., a top surface only, or a side surface only).

[0023] In many embodiments, the angled bar 220 can include a first bar 221 connected to a second bar 223 at an angle at the connection point 222. The connection point 22 can also serve as a connection between the angled bar 220 and a top panel of the aircraft. For example, the connection point 222 can include a hole 241 (see FIGS. 3, 5 and 6) configured to receive a pin. Correspondingly, the top panel can include a fork to receive the connection point 222 so that a pin can be passed through the connection point 222 and the fork of the top panel (not illustrated).

[0024] In some embodiments, the first bar 221 and the second bar 223 can be removably attached at the connection point 222. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the bars 221 and 223 are separated manufactured using an additive manufacturing process and coupled to each other. The connection can include a fork and pin, for example. In an example, the first bar 221 and the second bar 223 can be integrally formed.

[0025] In some embodiments, e.g., see FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the first bar 221 has a first diameter greater than a second diameter of the second bar 223. The first bar 221 can be subjected to higher compression stress than the second bar 223. The present disclosure is not limited to a particular diameter or shape. The bar can have a circular, square, triangular or other cross-section. The bars 221, 223 can have same or different lengths or other dimensions.

[0026] In many embodiments, the angled bar 220 can include a solid external layer 231, and at least one variable density infill inner layer 230, as illustrated in FIG. 3 and 4. The solid external layer 231 of the angled bar 220 can be made of a metal (e.g., aluminum, steel, etc.) or a metal alloy. In some embodiments, the solid external layer 231 of the angled bar 220 can be made of the composite material including one or more continuous fibers extending continuously along a length of the angled bar 220. For example, the length of the angled bar 220 can be characterized by a length of the first bar 221, the length of the second bar 223 or both. The solid external layer 231 of the angled bar 220 can be made of a first material, and the at least one variable density infill inner layer 230 can be made of a second material same as the first material. However, in another example, the first material and the second material can be different.

[0027] In many embodiments, the at least one variable density infill inner layer 230 can have a sparse lattice geometry compared to the solid external layer 231. The sparse lattice geometry of the at least one variable density infill inner layer 230 of the angled bar 220 indicates a lattice geometry changing form to allow gradually greater air space in a volume towards a center of the angled bar 220 (e.g., center of the first bar 221 and similarly of the second bar 223).

[0028] In many embodiments, the at least one variable density infill inner layer (e.g., 230) can have an infill pattern including a triangular mesh. However, grid infill pattern, or other patterns are possible. In many embodiments, the at least one variable density infill inner layers 230 can include one, two, three, or more layers. In many embodiments, the number of layers can be determined based on stress and strain behavior for different loading conditions.

[0029] In an illustrated embodiment, shown in FIG. 3 and 4, the at least one variable density infill inner layer 230 can include a first infill layer 232, a second infill layer 233, and a third layer 234, collectively referred as the at least one variable infill inner layer 230, in some embodiments. The second infill layer 233 can be formed on an inner side of the first infill layer 232. The second infill layer 233 can have a lower density than the first infill layer 232. The first infill layer 232 can have a variable density from the first infill layer 232 to thesecond infill layer 233 ranges from 90% to 20%. In some embodiments, the at least one variable density infill inner layer 230 can further include a third infill layer 234 inside the second infill layer 233. The third infill layer 234 can have a lower density than the second infill layer 233. The third infill layer 234 can have a variable density ranging from 30% to 20% and an infill pattern can include a triangular mesh.

[0030] In many embodiments, each of the infill layers (e.g., 232, 233, 234) can have a geometric shape including at least one of a rounded rectangular cross-sectional shape or an elongated oval cross-sectional shape. The cross-section shape can extend in a cross-section plane passing through a longitudinal axis of the first bar 221 and extending along a length of the first bar 221.

[0031] In many embodiments, a hinged attachment can be configured as a single-piece or a two-piece. FIG. 5 illustrates a two-piece assembly of a hinged attachment and FIG. 6 illustrates a single-piece assembly of a hinged attachment. In some embodiments, the hinge connector can be a compression bracket 211 defining a first knuckle 205 to hingedly couple the angled bar 220 and a tension bracket 212 defining a second knuckle 207 to hingedly couple the angled bar 220. The compression bracket 211 can be subjected to compression stress under loading condition. The tension bracket 212 can be subjected to tensile stress under loading condition. As shown in FIG. 5, the tension bracket 212 is separated from the compression bracket 211. As shown in FIG. 6, the tension bracket 212 is integrally formed with the compression bracket 211 to form a single piece bracket.

[0032] FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B illustrate example hinged attachments 200A and 200B in stowed away positions on a monument, according to some embodiments. The hinged attachment 200 A illustrates 90 degrees an angle between plates 201, 203. The hinged attachment 200B illustrates greater than 90 degrees angle between the plates 201, 203 that can be same as the angle between the sides 12, 13 of a monument. For example, the first plate 201 can be attached to a side 12, the second plate 203 can be attached to a top side 11, and the angled bar 220 can be in a stowed away position e.g., positioned at the first plate 201. Alternatively, the angled bar 220 may be rotated and positioned at the second plate 203. This way, the hinged attachments 200A and 200B can stowed away to facilitate pre-installed assembly of the monument 10 without affecting the movement of the monument 10 within a confined space of the aircraft.

[0033] FIG. 8 A and FIG. 8B illustrate the hinged attachments 200 A and 200B in deployed positions on the monument. For example, the angled bar 220 is rotated upward to couple to a top panel (not shown). In an illustrated embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8A, the angled bar220 can be vertically disposed. In an illustrated embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8B, the angled bar 220 can be angularly disposed to connect to a corner of a top panel. As discussed herein the angled bar 220 can include an external layer and variable density infill layers (e.g., 230). When the monument 10 is coupled within the aircraft, the angled bar 200 can handle various loading conditions (e.g., tension and compression) via the solid layer and the variable density infill layers 230. Controlling geometry, density and other material properties of the angled bar 200 enables control over the stress strain behavior for various loading conditions.

[0034] In many embodiments, the hinged attachment 200 can include a solid external layer and variable density infills (e.g., formed as short fiber infused polymers) made by an additive manufacturing (e.g., 3D printing) process. From a strength of materials perspective, a solid external layer can allow for high-strength tension (e.g., higher than the best alloy metals) or compression depending on a direction of a load. Variable density infills can provide much higher shear and compression than the polymer and / or polymer and the solid external layer. The variable density infills can include short fibers providing cross-linking between individual filament laydown lines and also between deposition layers.

[0035] In many embodiments, a process of additively manufacturing the hinged attachment (e.g., 200) herein includes specific configuration of a 3D printer (e.g., Mark II printer). For example, a manufacturing layout of the solid outer layer or continuous fibers, variable density infills, or other structural features can be determined based on stress analysis, and force flow lines. Based on the manufacturing layout, one or more printing parameters of a 3D printer can be determined. For example, one or more parameters can be print path and directions, a fiber thickness, a speed of printing, a print length, temperature, number of repetitions of the continuous fibers, density of infill and fiber placement, temperature and humidity of the storage environment and printing environment, post-processing finishes, and support structure parameters.

[0036] The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense. It will, however, be evident that various modifications and changes may be made thereunto without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the disclosure as set forth in the claims.

[0037] Other variations are within the spirit of the present disclosure. Thus, while the disclosed techniques are susceptible to various modifications and alternative constructions, certain illustrated embodiments thereof are shown in the drawings and have been described above in detail. It should be understood, however, that there is no intention to limit the disclosure to the specific form or forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is tocover all modifications, alternative constructions, and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the disclosure, as defined in the appended claims.

[0038] The use of the terms “a” and “an” and “the” and similar referents in the context of describing the disclosed embodiments (especially in the context of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The terms “comprising,” “having,” “including,” and “containing” are to be construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning “including, but not limited to,”) unless otherwise noted. The term “connected” is to be construed as partly or wholly contained within, attached to, or joined together, even if there is something intervening. Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate embodiments of the disclosure and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the disclosure unless otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the disclosure.

[0039] Disjunctive language such as the phrase “at least one of X, Y, or Z,” unless specifically stated otherwise, is intended to be understood within the context as used in general to present that an item, term, etc., may be either X, Y, or Z, or any combination thereof (e.g., X, Y, and / or Z). Thus, such disjunctive language is not generally intended to, and should not, imply that certain embodiments require at least one of X, at least one of Y, or at least one of Z to each be present.

Claims

CLAIMSWHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A hinged attachment comprising: a hinge connector comprising angled plates with at least one knuckle therebetween, the angled plates comprising a first plate angled with respect to a second plate; and an angled bar comprising at least one hinge end portion and a connection point, wherein the at least one hinge end portion of the angled bar is hingedly coupled to the at least one knuckle such that the angled bar is rotatable between the first plate and the second plate, wherein the angled bar comprises: an external solid layer, and at least one variable density infill inner layer.

2. The hinged attachment of claim 1, wherein the first plate comprises a coupling tab configured to couple with a side of a monument.

3. The hinged attachment of claim 2, wherein the second plate is configured to couple to another side of the monument.

4. The hinged attachment of any one of claims 1 through 3, wherein the at least one knuckle comprises a first knuckle spaced from a second knuckle, each of the first and the second knuckles comprising a hollow receiving portion.

5. The hinged attachment of any one of claims 1 through 4, wherein the angled bar comprises a first bar connected to a second bar at an angle at the connection point.

6. The hinged attachment of claim 5, wherein the first bar and the second bar are integrally formed.

7. The hinged attachment of any one of claims 5 through 6, wherein the first bar and the second bar are removably attached at the connection point.

8. The hinged attachment of any one of claims 5 through 7, wherein the first bar has a first diameter greater than a second diameter of the second bar, the first bar being subjected to higher compression stress than the second bar.

9. The hinged attachment of any one of claims 1 through 8, wherein the solid external layer of the angled bar is made of a metal or a metal alloy, a composite material, or a combination thereof.

10. The hinged attachment of claim 9, wherein the solid external layer of the angled bar is made of the composite material comprises: one or more continuous fibers extending continuously along a length of the angled bar.

11. The hinged attachment of any one of claims 1 through 10, wherein the solid external layer of the angled bar is made of a first material, and the at least one variable density infill inner layer is made of a second material same as the first material, the at least one variable density infill inner layer has a sparse lattice geometry compared to the solid external layer.

12. The hinged attachment of claim 11, wherein the sparse lattice geometry of the at least one variable density infill inner layer of the angled bar indicates a lattice geometry changing form to allow gradually greater air space in a volume towards a center of the angled bar.

13. The hinged attachment of any one of claims 1 through 12, wherein the at least one variable density infill inner layer has an infill pattern comprising a triangular mesh.

14. The hinged attachment of any one of claims 1 through 13, wherein the at least one variable density infill inner layer comprises a first infill layer, and a second infill layer on an inner side of the first infill layer, the second infill layer having lower density than the first infill layer, wherein the first infill layer has a variable density from the first infill layer to the second infill layer ranges from 90% to 20%.

15. The hinged attachment of claim 14, wherein the at least one variable density infill inner layer further comprises: a third infill layer inside the second infill layer, the third infilllayer having lower density than the second infill layer, wherein the third layer has a variable density ranging from 30% to 20% and an infill pattern comprising a triangular mesh.

16. The hinged attachment of claim 15, wherein each of the infill layers have a geometric shape comprising at least one of: a rounded rectangular cross-sectional shape or an elongated oval cross-sectional shape, wherein the cross-section shape extending in a cross-section plane passing through a longitudinal axis of the angled bar and extending along a length of the angled bar.

17. The hinged attachment of any one of claims 15 through 16, wherein the hinge connector comprises: a compression bracket defining a first knuckle of the at least one knuckle to hingedly couple the angled bar, the compression bracket being subjected to compression stress under loading condition; and a tension bracket defining a second knuckle of the at least one knuckle to hingedly couple the angled bar, the compression bracket being subjected to tensile stress under loading condition.

18. The hinged attachment of claim 17, wherein the tension bracket is separated from the compression bracket.

19. The hinged attachment of any one of claims 17 through 18, wherein the tension bracket is integrally formed with the compression bracket to form a single piece bracket.

20. A hinged attachment system comprising: a monument inside an aircraft, the monument having a top side and a second side extending from the top side; a hinge connector comprising angled plates with at least one knuckle therebetween, the angled plates comprising a first plate angled with respect to a second plate, the first plate configured to couple to the top side of the monument, and the second plate configured to couple to the second side of the monument; andan angled bar comprising at least one hinge end portion and a connection point, wherein the at least one hinge end portion of the angled bar is hingedly coupled to the at least one knuckle such that the angled bar is rotatable between the first plate and the second plate, wherein the angled bar comprises: an external solid layer, and at least one variable density infill inner layer, wherein the angled bar is configured to couple the hinge connector and the monument to a panel of an aircraft.

21. The hinged attachment system of claim 20, wherein the first plate comprises a coupling tab configured to couple with the top side of a monument.

22. The hinged attachment system of any one of claims 20 through 21, wherein the solid external layer of the angled bar is made of a metal or a metal alloy, a composite material, or a combination thereof.

23. The hinged attachment system of claim 22, wherein the solid external layer of the angled bar is made of the composite material comprises: one or more continuous fibers extending continuously along a length of the angled bar.

24. The hinged attachment system of any one of claims 20 through 23, wherein the solid external layer of the angled bar is made of a first material, and the at least one variable density infill inner layer is made of a second material, the same as the first material, the at least one variable density infill inner layer has a sparse lattice geometry compared to the solid external layer.

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