SOS1 inhibitors and uses thereof

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a compound of Formula (I'), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a stereoisomer and their use in, e.g. treating a condition, disease or disorder in which the inhibition of the interaction of SOS1 and a RAS-family protein or RAC1 is of therapeutic benefit, specifically in treating oncological diseases. This disclosure also features compositions containing the same as well as methods of using and making the same.

Description

[0001] SOS1 INHIBITORS AND USES THEREOF RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims priority to International Application No. PCT / CN2023 / 141248, filed on December 22, 2023. The entire contents of the foregoing application are expressly incorporated herein by reference. BACKGROUND RAS-family proteins including KRAS (V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog), NRAS (neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog), and HRAS (Harvey murine sarcoma virus oncogene) and any mutants thereof are small GTPases that exist in cells in either GTP- bound or GDP-bound states (McCormick et al., J. Mol. Med. (Berl)., 2016, 94(3):253-8; Nimnual et al., Sci. STKE., 2002, 2002(145):pe36). The RAS-family proteins have a weak intrinsic GTPase activity and slow nucleotide exchange rates (Hunter et al., Mol. Cancer Res., 2015, 13(9): 1325-35). Binding of GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) such as NF1 increases the GTPase activity of RAS- family proteins. The binding of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) such as SOS1 (Son of Sevenless 1) promotes release GDP from RAS-family proteins, enabling GTP binding (Chardin et al., Science, 1993, 260(5112):1338-43). When in the GTP-bound state, RAS-family proteins are active and engage effector proteins including C-RAF and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) to promote the RAF / mitogen or extracellular signal-regulated kinases (MEK / ERK) pathway, PI3K / AKT / mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and RaIGDS (Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator) pathway (McCormick et al., J. Mol. Med. (Berl)., 2016, 94(3):253-8; Rodriguez-Viciana et al., Cancer Cell.2005, 7(3):205-6). These pathways affect diverse cellular processes such as proliferation, survival, metabolism, motility, angiogenesis, immunity and growth (Young et al., Adv. Cancer Res., 2009, 102:1-17; Rodriguez-Viciana et al., Cancer Cell.2005, 7(3):205-6). Cancer-associated mutations in RAS-family proteins suppress their intrinsic and GAP- induced GTPase activity leading to an increased population of GTP-bound / active RAS- family proteins (McCormick et al., Expert Opin. Ther. Targets., 2015, 19(4):451-4; Hunter et al., Mol. Cancer Res., 2015, 13(9): 1325-35). This in turn leads to persistent activation of effector pathways (e.g. MEK / ERK, PI3K / AKT / mTOR, RaIGDS pathways) downstream of RAS-family proteins. KRAS mutations (e.g. amino acids G12, G13, Q61 , A146) are found in a variety of human cancers including lung cancer, colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer (Cox et al., Nat. Rev. Drug Discov., 2014, 13(11):828-51). Mutations in HRAS (e.g. amino acids G12, G13, Q61) and NRAS (e.g. amino acids G12, G13, Q61 , A146) are also found in a variety of human cancer types, however, typically at a lower frequency compared to KRAS mutations (Cox et al., Nat. Rev. Drug Discov., 2014, 13(11):828-51). Alterations (e.g. mutation, over-expression, gene amplification) in RAS-family proteins have also been described as a resistance mechanism against cancer drugs such as the EGFR antibodies cetuximab and panitumumab (Leto et al., J. Mol. Med. (Berl).2014 Jul;92(7):709-22) and the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor osimertinib / AZD9291 (Ortiz-Cuaran et al., Clin. Cancer Res., 2016, 22(19):4837-47; Eberlein et al., Cancer Res., 2015, 75(12):2489-500). Son of Sevenless 1 (SOS1) is a human homologue of the originally identified Drosophila protein Son of Sevenless (Pierre et al., Biochem. Pharmacol., 2011 , 82(9): 1049-56; Chardin et al., Cytogenet. Cell. Genet., 1994, 66(1):68-9). The SOS1 protein consists of 1333 amino acids (150 kDa). SOS1 is a multi-domain protein with two tandem N-terminal histone domains (HD) followed by the Dbl homology domain (DH), a Pleckstrin homology domain (PH), a helical linker (HL), RAS exchanger motif (REM), CDC25 homology domain and a C-terminal proline rich domain (PR). SOS1 has two binding sites for RAS-family proteins; a catalytic site that binds GDP-bound RAS-family proteins to promote guanine nucleotide exchange and an allosteric site that binds GTP-bound RAS- family proteins which causes a further increase in the catalytic GEF function of SOS1 (Freedman et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A., 2006, 103(45): 16692-7; Pierre et al., Biochem. Pharmacol., 2011, 82(9): 1049-56). Published data indicate a critical involvement of SOS1 in mutant KRAS activation and oncogenic signaling in cancer (Jeng et al., Nat. Commun., 2012, 3:1168). Depleting SOS1 levels decreased the proliferation rate and survival of tumor cells carrying a KRAS mutation whereas no effect was observed in KRAS wild type cell lines. The effect of loss of SOS1 could not be rescued by introduction of a catalytic site mutated SOS1, demonstrating the essential role of SOS1 GEF activity in KRAS mutant cancer cells. SOS1 is critically involved in the activation of RAS-family protein signaling in cancer via mechanisms other than mutations in RAS-family proteins. SOS1 interacts with the adaptor protein Grb2 and the resulting SOS1 / Grb2 complex binds to activated / phosphorylated Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (e.g. EGFR, ErbB2, ErbB3, ErbB4, PDGFR-A / B, FGFR1 / 2 / 3, IGF1 R, INSR, ALK, ROS, TrkA, TrkB, TrkC, RET, c-MET, VEGFR1 / 2 / 3, AXL) (Pierre et al., Biochem. Pharmacol., 2011 , 82(9): 1049-56). SOS1 is also recruited to other phosphorylated cell surface receptors such as the T cell Receptor (TCR), B cell Receptor (BCR) and monocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (Salojin et al., J. Biol. Chem.2000, 275(8):5966-75). This localization of SOS1 to the plasma membrane, proximal to RAS-family proteins, enables SOS1 to promote RAS-family protein activation. SOS1- activation of RAS-family proteins can also be mediated by the interaction of SOS1 / Grb2 with the BCR-ABL oncoprotein commonly found in chronic myelogenous leukemia (Kardinal et al., 2001 , Blood, 98:1773-81 ; Sini et al., Nat. Cell Biol., 2004, 6(3):268-74). Furthermore, alterations in SOS1 have been implicated in cancer. SOS1 mutations are found in embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas, sertoli cell testis tumors, granular cell tumors of the skin (Denayer et al., Genes Chromosomes Cancer, 2010, 49(3):242-52) and lung adenocarcinoma (Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network., Nature.2014, 511 (7511):543-50). Meanwhile over-expression of SOS1 has been described in bladder cancer (Watanabe et al., IUBMB Life., 2000, 49(4):317-20) and prostate cancer (Timofeeva et al., Int. J. Oncol., 2009, 35(4):751-60). In addition to cancer, hereditary SOS1 mutations are implicated in the pathogenesis of RASopathies like e.g. Noonan syndrome (NS), cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome (CFC) and hereditary gingival fibromatosis type 1 (Pierre et al., Biochem. Pharmacol., 2011 , 82(9): 1049-56). SOS1 is also a GEF for the activation of the GTPases RAC1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 ) (Innocenti et al., J. Cell Biol., 2002, 156(1): 125-36). RAC1, like RAS- family proteins, is implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of human cancers and other diseases (Bid et al., Mol. Cancer Ther.2013, 12(10):1925-34). Son of Sevenless 2 (SOS2), a homolog of SOS1 in mammalian cells, also acts as a GEF for the activation of RAS-family proteins (Pierre et al., Biochem. Pharmacol., 2011, 82(9): 1049-56; Buday et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 2008, 1786(2):178-87). Published data from mouse knockout models suggests a redundant role for SOS1 and SOS2 in homeostasis in the adult mouse. Whilst germline knockout of SOS1 in mice results in lethality during mid-embryonic gestation (Qian et al., EMBO J., 2000, 19(4):642-54), systemic conditional SOS1 knockout adult mice are viable (Baltanas et al., Mol. Cell. Biol., 2013, 33(22):4562-78). SOS2 gene targeting did not result in any overt phenotype in mice (Esteban et al., Mol. Cell. Biol., 2000, 20(17):6410-3). In contrast, double SOS1 and SOS2 knockout leads to rapid lethality in adult mice (Baltanas et al., Mol. Cell. Biol., 2013, 33(22):4562-78). These published data suggest that selective targeting of individual SOS isoforms (e.g. selective SOS1 targeting) may be adequately tolerated to achieve a therapeutic index between SOS1 / RAS-family protein driven cancers (or other SOS1 / RAS- family protein pathologies) and normal cells and tissues. Selective pharmacological inhibition of the binding of the catalytic site of SOS1 to RAS- family proteins is expected to prevent SOS1-mediated activation of RAS-family proteins to the GTP- bound form. Such SOS1 inhibitor compounds are expected to consequently inhibit signaling in cells downstream of RAS-family proteins (e.g. ERK phosphorylation). In cancer cells associated with dependence on RAS-family proteins (e.g. KRAS mutant cancer cell lines), SOS1 inhibitor compounds are expected to deliver anti-cancer efficacy (e.g. inhibition of proliferation, survival, metastasis etc.). High potency towards inhibition of SOS1:RAS-family protein binding (nanomolar level IC50values) and ERK phosphorylation in cells (nanomolar level IC50values) are desirable characteristics for a SOS1 inhibitor compound. Furthermore, a desirable characteristic of SOS1 inhibitor compound would be the selective inhibition of SOS1 over SOS2. This conclusion is based on the viable phenotype of SOS1 knockout mice and lethality of SOS1 / SOS2 double knockout mice, as described above. These characteristics have not been fully achieved in previously described SOS1 inhibitor compounds. In the last decades the RAS family proteins-SOS1 protein interaction has gained increasing recognition. Until today several efforts to identify and optimize binders, which target either the effector binding site of RAS or the catalytic binding site of SOS1 (for a selected review see: Lu et al., ChemMedChem.2016, 11 (8):814-21), have been made with limited success. Recently, small activating molecules have been identified, which bind to a lipophilic pocket of SOS1 in close proximity to the RAS binding site (Bums et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.2014, 111 (9):3401-6). However, binding of these molecules seems to lead to increased nucleotide exchange and thereby activation of RAS instead of deactivation. In an effort to stabilize the protein-protein-interaction of RAS-family proteins with SOS1 and to prevent reloading of RAS-family proteins with GTP, several different fragments were subsequently identified (Winter et al., J. Med. Chem.2015, 58(5):2265-74). However, reversible binding of fragments to SOS1 did not translate into a measurable effect on the nucleotide exchange and only a weak effect was observed for fragments covalently bound to RAS. Also recently, studies have been conducted to combine rational design and screening platforms to identify small molecule inhibitors of SOS1 (Evelyn et al., Chem. Biol.2014, 21 (12):1618-28; Evelyn et al., J. Biol. Chem.2015, 290(20):12879-98; Zheng et al., WO 2016 / 077793), i.e. compounds which bind to SOS1 and inhibit protein-protein interaction with RAS-family proteins. Although compounds with a slight inhibitory effect on SOS1 have been identified, the effects on guanine nucleotide exchange and cellular signal transduction modulation (e.g. ERK phosphorylation) are weak. WO2018 / 115380 and WO2018 / 172250 disclose quinazoline-based SOS inhibitors. Accordingly, there are needs to develop new compunds that modulate SOS1 activity for the treatment of diseases and disorders, e.g. oncological diseases. SUMMARY The present disclosure provides SOS1 inhibitors, for example, compounds of structural formula (I’), pharmaceutically acceptable salts, tautomers, stereoisomers, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof. The present disclosure further provides methods of using the compounds disclosed herein (e.g., compounds of structural formula (I’)), pharmaceutically acceptable salts, tautomers, stereoisomers, or pharmaceutical compositions thereof, to inhibit the activity of SOS1. The present disclosure further provides methods for using the compounds disclosed herein (e.g., compounds of structural formula (I’)), pharmaceutically acceptable salts, tautomers, stereoisomers, or pharmaceutical compositions thereof, to treat a condition, disease or disorder in which the inhibition of the interaction of SOS1 and a RAS-family protein or RAC1 is of therapeutic benefit, specifically in treating oncological diseases. In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound of any one of the formulae described herein (e.g., structural formula (I’)), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a tautomer, or a stereoisomer thereof. In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of any one of the formulae described herein (e.g., structural formula (I’)), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a tautomer, or a stereoisomer thereof, as defined in any one of the embodiments described herein, in a mixture with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound of any one of the formulae described herein (e.g., structural formula (I’)), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a tautomer, or a stereoisomer thereof, as defined in any one of the embodiments described herein, for use as a medicament. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound of any one of the formulae described herein (e.g., structural formula (I’)), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a tautomer, or a stereoisomer thereof, as defined in any one of the embodiments described herein, for use in the treatment of a condition, disease or disorder in which the inhibition of the interaction of SOS1 and a RAS-family protein or RAC1 is of therapeutic benefit, specifically in treating oncological diseases. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a use of a compound of any one of the formulae described herein (e.g., structural formula (I’)), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a tautomer, or a stereoisomer thereof, as defined in any one of the embodiments described herein, in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a condition, disease or disorder in which the inhibition of the interaction of SOS1 and a RAS-family protein or RAC1 is of therapeutic benefit, specifically in treating oncological diseases. DETAILED DESCRIPTION 1. Compounds In a first embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound of formula (I’): a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a tautomer, or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein: s represented by formula (A’) or (B’): each of R9, R9’, and R9'', is independently H, halogen, or C1-6alkyl; each of R10, R10’, and R10'', is independently H, halogen, C1-6alkyl (optionally substituted by one or more OH, halogen, or C1-6alkoxy), C1-6haloalkyl, C1-6hydroxyalkyl, C1-6alkyleneC1-4alkoxy, C1-6alkoxy, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, 3-8 membered carbocyclyl, 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, 6-10 membered aryl, phenyl, or 5-10 membered heteroaryl; or any two of R9, R9’, R9', R10, R10’, and R10''together with the carbon atom(s) to which they are attached form a 3-8 membered carbocyclyl or 4-8 membered heterocyclyl; wherein represents the point to which R1attaches; represents the point to which the C=O group attaches; Y is CRyor N; wherein Ryis H, halogen, -CN, -OH, C1-4alkyl, C1-4alkoxy, 3-6 membered carbocyclyl, 3-12 (e.g., 4-12) membered heterocyclyl, 6-10 membered aryl, or 5-10 membered heteroaryl wherein the carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl or heteroaryl represented by Ryis optionally substituted by one to three groups selected from -OH, halogen, -CN, C1-6alkyl, C1-6haloalkyl, C1-6alkoxy, and C1-6haloalkoxy; ring A is 6-10 membered aryl, phenyl, or 5-10 membered heteroaryl; R7, in each occurrence, is independently, halogen, -CN, C1-6alkyl, C1-4haloalkyl (optionally substituted with –OH), -OH, or NR7aR7b; each of R7aand R7bis independently H or C1-4alkyl, or two adjacent R7groups together with the atoms to which they are attached form 4-6 membered carbocycle or 4-6 membered heterocycle; wherein the 4-6 membered carbocycle or 4-6 membered heterocycle is optionally substituted with one or more halogen or C1-4alkyl; n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; R1is halogen, -CN, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6alkoxy, 3-12 membered carbocyclyl, -O-3-12 membered carbocyclyl, -NH-3-12 membered carbocyclyl, 3-12 (e.g., 4-12) membered heterocyclyl, -C(=O)-3-12 membered heterocyclyl, -O-3-12 (e.g., 4-12) membered heterocyclyl, -NH-3-12 (e.g., 4-12) membered heterocyclyl, 6-10 membered aryl, -O-6-10 membered aryl, -NH-6-10 membered aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, -O-5-10 membered heteroaryl, or -NH-5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl represented by R1or in the group represented by R1is optionally substituted by one or more R11; wherein R11, in each occurrence, is independently selected from halogen, -CN, oxo (as appropriate), =NH (as appropriate), C1-6alkyl, C1-6haloalkyl, C1-6hydroxyalkyl, C2-4alkenyl, C2-4alkynyl (optionally substituted with C1-4hydroxyalkyl), C1-6alkoxy, C1-6haloalkoxy, C1-6alkyleneC1-4alkoxy, -C(O)CH2NR1aR1b, -OC -(CH2)0or 1SO2R1a, -(CH2)0or 1SO2NR1aR1b, -(CH2)0or 1-3-6 membered carbocyclyl, 3-12 (e.g., 4-12) membered heterocyclyl, and 5-10 heteroaryl, wherein the C1-6alkyl represented by R11or in the group represented by R11is optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, CN, OH, =NOH, C1-6alkyl, or C1-6alkoxy, the C1-6alkoxy represented by R11or in the group represented by R11is optionally substituted with one or more deuterium or halogen; the 3-6 membered carbocyclyl, 3-12 (e.g., 4-12) membered heterocyclyl, or 5-10 heteroaryl represented by R11or in the group represented by R11is optionally substituted with one or more CN, -OH, oxo (as appropriate), C1-6alkyl or C1-6alkoxy; R1aand R1bare independently selected from the group consisting of H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, 3-6 membered carbocyclyl, 4-6 membered heterocyclyl, and 5-6 membered heteroaryl wherein the alkyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl represented by R1aor R1bis optionally substituted with one or more halogen, CN, OH, C1-6alkyl, or C1-6alkoxy; or R1aand R1b, together with the N or P atom to which they are attached form 4-6 membered heterocyclyl optionally substituted with C1-6alkyl; wherein the heterocyclyl comprises 1-3 heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur; and the heteroaryl comprises 1-4 heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. In a second embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound according to the first embodiment, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein the compound is represented by formula (IIA’) or (IIB’): wherein Y is CRyor N; Ryis H, halogen, -CN, C1-4alkyl, or C1-4alkoxy. The definitions of the remaining variables are provided in the first embodiment. In a third embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound according to the second embodiment, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein the compound is represented by The definitions of the remaining variables are provided in the second embodiment. Alternatively, the definitions of the remaining variables are provided in the first embodiment. In a fourth embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound according to the third embodiment, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein the compound is represented by formula (VA’) or (VB’): The definitions of the remaining variables are provided in the third embodiment. Alternatively, the definitions of the remaining variables are provided in the first or second embodiment In a fifth embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound according to the third embodiment, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein the compound is represented by formula (VC’) or (VD’): The definitions of the remaining variables are provided in the third embodiment. Alternatively, the definitions of the remaining variables are provided in the first or second embodiment. In a sixth embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound according to any one of the first through fifth embodiments, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein each of R9, R9’, and R9'', is independently H or C1-2alkyl; each of R10, R10’, and R10”is independently H, C1-4alkyl, C1-4haloalkyl, C1-4hydroxyalkyl, C1-4alkyleneC1-4alkoxy, C1-4alkoxy, 3-6 membered cycloalkyl, or phenyl; or any of R9and R10, R9'and R10', R9”and R10”, R10and R10’, and R10’and R10”, together with the carbon atom(s) to which they are attached form 3-6 membered cycloalkyl or 4-6 membered heterocyclyl. The definitions of the remaining variables are provided in the any one of the first through fifth embodiments. In a seventh embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound according to the sixth embodiment, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein each of R9, R9’, and R9'', is independently H or -CH3; each of R10, R10’, and R10”is independently H, -CH3, ethyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, isobutyl, -CH2F, -CH2OH, –CH2OCH3, cyclohexyl, tetrahydro-2H-pyranyl or phenyl; or any of R9and R10, R9'and R10', R9”and R10”, R10and R10’, and R10’and R10”, together with the carbon atom(s) to which they are attached form cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, or tetrahydro-2H-pyranyl. The definitions of the remaining variables are provided in any one of the first through sixth embodiments. In an eighth embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound according to the sixth embodiment, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein (i) R9and R10, is independently H or -CH3; each of R9’and R10’, is independently H; or (ii) each of R9’and R10’, is independently H or -CH3; each of R9and R10, is independently H; or (iii) each of R9”and R10”, is independently H or -CH3; each of R9, R10, R9’, and R10’, is independently H. The definitions of the remaining variables are provided in any one of the first through sixth embodiments. In a ninth embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound according to any one of the first through eighth embodiments, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein R7, in each occurrence, is independently halogen, -CN, -OH -NH2, C1-2alkyl, or C1-2haloalkyl (optionally substituted with –OH 0; or two adjacent R7groups together with the atoms to which they are attached form 4-6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with one or two halogen; and n is 0, 1, 2, or 3. The defintions of the remaining variables are provided in any of the first through eigth embodiments. In a tenth embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound according to the ninth embodiment, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein R7, in each occurrence, is independently halogen, -CN, -OH, -NH2, C1-2alkyl, or C1-2haloalkyl optionally substituted with –OH; and n is 0, 1, or 2. The definitions of the remaining variables are provided in any of the first through ninth embodiments. In an eleventh embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound according to the ninth embodiment, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein The definitions of the remaining variables are provided in any of the first through ninth embodiments. In a twelfth embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound according to any one of the first through eleventh embodiments, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein: R1is halogen, -CN, C1-4alkyl, C2-4alkenyl, C2-4alkynyl, C1-4alkoxy, 3-6 membered carbocyclyl, 4-10 membered heterocyclyl, -O-4-10 membered heterocyclyl, -NH-4-10 membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, -C(=O)-4-10 membered heterocyclyl or 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, phenyl, or heteroaryl represented by R1or in the group represented by R1is optionally substituted with one to four R11; wherein R11, in each occurrence, is independently selected from halogen, -CN, oxo (as appropriate), =NH (as appropriate), C1-4alkyl, C1-4haloalkyl, C1-4hydroxyalkyl, C2-4alkenyl, C2-4alkynyl (optionally substituted with C1-4hydroxyalkyl), C1-4alkoxy, C1-4haloalkoxy, C1-4alkyleneC1-4alkoxy, -OR1a, -(CH2)0or 1NR1aR1b, -CHO, -COOH, -C(O)R1a, -C(O)OR1a, -(CH2)0or 1C(O)NR1aR1b, -C(O)CH2NR1aR1b, -OC(O)NR1aR1b, -NO2, NR1aC(O)R1a, -(CH2)0or 1SO2R1a, -(CH2)0or 1SO2NR1aR1b, -P(O)R1aR1b, -(CH2)0or 1-3-6 membered carbocyclyl, 4-6 membered heterocyclyl, and 5-6 membered heteroaryl, wherein the C1-4alkyl represented by R11or in the group represented by R11is optionally substituted with one CN, OH, =NOH, C1-4alkoxy, or one to three deuterium; the C1-4alkoxy represented by R11or in the group represented by R11is optionally substituted with one to three groups selected from deuterium and halogen; the 3-6 membered carbocyclyl, 4-6 membered heterocyclyl, or 5-6 membered heteroaryl represented by R11or in the group represented by R11is optionally substituted with one to three CN, -OH, oxo (as appropriate), C1-6alkyl, or C1-6alkoxy; R1aand R1bare independently selected from the group consisting of H, C1-4alkyl, C2-4alkenyl, 3-6 membered carbocyclyl, 4-6 membered heterocyclyl, and 5-6 membered heteroaryl wherein the alkyl carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl represented by R1aor R1bis optionally substituted with one to three halogen, CN, OH, C1-4alkyl, or C1-4alkoxy; or R1aand R1b, together with the N or P atom to which they are attached form 4-6 membered heterocyclyl optionally substituted with C1-4alkyl. The definitions of the remaining variables are provided in any one of the first through eleventh embodiments. In a thirteenth embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound according to any one of the first through eleventh embodiments, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein R1is 4-6 membered monocyclic carbocyclyl, 4-6 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl, phenyl, or 5-6 membered heteroaryl, wherein the 4-6 membered monocyclic carbocyclyl, 4-6 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl, phenyl, or 5-6 membered heteroaryl represented by R1is optionally substituted with one to four R11; R11, in each occurrence, is independently halogen, -CN, -OH, oxo (as appropriate), C1-4alkyl, C1-4haloalkyl, C1-4alkoxy, -COOH, -C(O)C1-4alkyl, -C(O)OC1-4alkyl, -C(O)NR1aR1b, -OC(O)NR1aR1b, -NO2, -(CH2)0or 1NR1aR1b, -NR1aC(O)C1-4alkyl, -SO2C1-4alkyl, -(CH2)0or 1-3-6 membered carbocyclyl, 4-6 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl, or 5-6 membered heteroaryl; wherein the C1-4alkyl represented by R11or in the group represented by R11is optionally substituted with one group selected from -CN, -OH, and C1-4alkoxy, or one to three groups selected from deuterium; the C1-4alkoxy represented by R11or in the group represented by R11is optionally substituted with one to three groups selected from deuterium and halogen; the 3-6 membered carbocyclyl, 4-6 membered heterocyclyl, or 5-6 membered heteroaryl represented by R11or in the group represented by R11is optionally substituted with one or two groups selected from -CN, -OH, oxo (as appropriate), and C1-4alkyl; R1aand R1bare independently selected from the group consisting of H, C1-4alkyl and 3-6 membered carbocyclyl, wherein the alkyl or carbocyclyl represented by R1aor R1bis optionally substituted with one to three halogen, -CN, -OH, C1-4alkyl, or C1-4alkoxy. The definitions of the remaining variables are provided in any one of the first through eleventh embodiments. In a fourteenth embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound according to any one of the first through eleventh embodiments, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof wherein R1is cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, 6 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl, phenyl, or 5-6 membered heteroaryl, wherein the cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, 6 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl, phenyl, or 5-6 membered heteroaryl represented by R1is optionally substituted with one or two R11; R11, in each occurrence, is independently halogen, -CN, -OH, oxo (as appropriate), C1-4alkyl, C1-4haloalkyl, C1-4hydroxyalkyl, -C(O)C1-4alkyl, -C(O)NR1aR1b, -NR1aC(O)C1-4alkyl, -SO2C1-4alkyl, or 4-6 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl; the C1-4alkyl represented by R11or in the group represented by R11is optionally substituted with –OH or -CN; the 4-6 membered heterocyclyl represented by R11is optionally substituted with one or two groups selected from –OH, oxo (as appropriate) and C1-6alkyl; each of R1aand R1bis independently H or C1-4alkyl. The definitions of the remaining variables are provided in any one of the first through eleventh embodiments. In a fifteenth embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound according to any one of the first through fourteenth embodiments, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein R1is CN, vinyl, ethynyl, ethoxyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, azetidinyl, -NH-tetrahydrofuranyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolyl, phenyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, -NH-morpholinyl, -C(O)-morpholinyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, dihydropyridinyl, tetrahydropyridinyl, dihydropyranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, -NH-tetrahydropyranyl, -O-tetrahydrofuran, dihydrothiopyranyl, isoindolinonyl, hexahydro-1H-furo[3,4-c]pyrrole, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazolyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolyl, 5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrazolyl, 3-oxa-6-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanyl, 3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptanyl, 6-oxa-3-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanyl, 6-oxa-2-azaspiro[3.4]octanyl, 2-oxa-5-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl, 3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanyl, 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-enyl, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl, 2,5-dihydrofuranyl, 2-oxaspiro[3.5]non-6-enyl, 2-oxa-6-azaspiro[3.3]heptanyl, 3-oxa-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanyl, 8-oxa-3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanyl, 3-oxa-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanyl, 7-azaspiro[3.5]nonanyl, 1-oxa-7-azaspiro[3.5]nonanyl, 2-oxa-7-azaspiro[3.5]nonanyl, 1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decanyl, 1-azaspiro[4.5]dec-7-enyl, 1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]dec-7-enyl, 1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decanyl, pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridinyl, pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidinyl, pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridinyl, indazolyl, or quinolinyl; wherein the ethynyl, ethoxyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, azetidinyl, -NH-tetrahydrofuranyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolyl, phenyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, -NH-morpholinyl, -C(O)-morpholinyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, dihydropyridinyl, tetrahydropyridinyl, dihydropyranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, -NH-tetrahydropyranyl, -O-tetrahydrofuran, dihydrothiopyranyl, isoindolinonyl, hexahydro-1H-furo[3,4-c]pyrrole, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazolyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolyl, 5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrazolyl, 3-oxa-6-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanyl, 3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptanyl, 6-oxa-3-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanyl, 6-oxa-2-azaspiro[3.4]octanyl, 2-oxa-5-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl, 3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanyl, 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-enyl, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl, 2,5-dihydrofuranyl, 2-oxaspiro[3.5]non-6-enyl, 2-oxa-6-azaspiro[3.3]heptanyl, 3-oxa-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanyl, 8-oxa-3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanyl, 3-oxa-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanyl, 7-azaspiro[3.5]nonanyl, 1-oxa-7-azaspiro[3.5]nonanyl, 2-oxa-7-azaspiro[3.5]nonanyl, 1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decanyl, 1-azaspiro[4.5]dec-7-enyl, 1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]dec-7-enyl, 1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decanyl, pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridinyl, pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidinyl, pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridinyl, indazolyl, or quinolinyl represented by R1is optionally substituted with one to four R11; R11, in each occurrence, is independently selected from F, Cl, -CN, -OH, -NO2, -CH3, CH2F, -CHF2, -CF3, oxo (as appropriate), =NH (as appropriate) -CH2CH3, -CH2CN, -CH2CH2CN, -CH2OH, CH2CH2OH, CH2CH2OCH3, , -CH2NHCH3, -CH2CH2F, -CH2CHF2, -CH(CH3)2, -C(CH3)3, -CH2CF3, -C(CN)(CH3)2, -CH2CH(OH)CH3, -C(OH)(CH3)2, -C(CH3)2CH2OH -CH2C(CH3)2OH, -CH2OCH3, -OCH3, -OCD3, -OCH2CH3, -OCHF2, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OCH2CF3, -O-cyclopropyl, -OC(O)NHCH3, -OC(O)N(CH3)2, -OC(O)NH-cyclopropyl, cyclopropyl, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, -CHO, -COOH, -C(O)OCH3, -C(O)CH3, -C(O)C(CH3)3, -C(O)CH2F, -C(O)CH2CH3, -C(O)CH2OH, -C(O)CH2CF3, -C(O)cyclopropyl, -C(O)cyclopentyl, -C(O)-oxetanyl -C(O)-morpholinyl, -C(O)CH2OCH3, -COCH2N(CH3)2, -C(O)NHCH3, -C(O)NHC(CH3)3, -C(O)N(CH3)2, -C(O)N(CH3)CH2CH2OCH3, -CH2CON(CH3)2, -NH2, -NHCH3, -NHCH2CF3, -N(CH3)2, NHC(O)CH3, -NHC(O)CH2F, -NHC(O)CH2CN, -NHC(O)CH2OCH3, -N(CH3)C(O)CH3, N(CH3)C(O)CH2CN, , , variables are provided in any one of the first through eleventh embodiments. In a sixteenth embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound according to the first embodiment, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein the compound is represented by formula (VII’), wherein: Y is CH or N; R9is H or -CH3; R10is H or C1-4alkyl; R1is 4-6 membered monocyclic carbocyclyl, 5-6 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl, phenyl, or 5-6 membered heteroaryl, wherein the 4-6 membered monocyclic carbocyclyl, 5-6 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl, phenyl, or 5-6 membered heteroaryl represented by R1is optionally substituted with one to three R11; R11, in each occurrence, is independently halogen, -CN, -OH, oxo (as appropriate), C1-4alkyl, C1-4haloalkyl, C1-4alkoxy, C1-4haloalkoxy, -C(O)R1a, -C(O)OR1a, -C(O)NR1aR1b, -OC(O)NR1aR1b, -(CH2)0or 1NR1aR1b, -NR1aC(O)R1a, -SO2R1a, 4-6 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl, or 5-6 membered heteroaryl; the C1-4alkyl represented by R11or in the group of R11is optionally substituted with -CN, -OH, or C1-4alkoxy; the 4-6 membered heterocyclyl or 5-6 membered heteroaryl represented by R11is optionally substituted with one or two groups selected from -CN, -OH, oxo (as appropriate), and C1-4alkyl; R1aand R1bare independently selected from the group consisting of H, C1-4alkyl and 3-6 membered carbocyclyl, wherein alkyl or carbocyclyl represented by R1aor R1bis optionally substituted with one to three halogen, CN, OH, C1-4alkyl, or C1-4alkoxy; R7, in each occurrence, is independently halogen, -CN, -NH2, C1-2alkyl, or C1-2haloalkyl optionally substituted with –OH; and n is 0, 1, 2, or 3. The definitions of the remaining variables are provided in the first embodiment. In a seventeenth embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound according to the sixteenth embodiment, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein R1is 5-6 membered monocyclic carbocyclyl, 5-6 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl, phenyl, or 5-6 membered heteroaryl, wherein the 5-6 membered monocyclic carbocyclyl, 5-6 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl, phenyl, or 5-6 membered heteroaryl represented by R1is optionally substituted with one to two R11; R11, in each occurrence, is independently halogen, -CN, -OH, oxo (as appropriate), C1-4alkyl, C1-4haloalkyl, C1-4alkoxy, C1-4haloalkoxy, -C(O)C1-4alkyl, -C(O)OC1-4alkyl, -C(O)NR1aR1b, -OC(O)NR1aR1b, -(CH2)0or 1NR1aR1b, -NR1aC(O)C1-4alkyl, -SO2C1-4alkyl, 4-6 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl, or 5-6 membered heteroaryl; the C1-4alkyl represented by R11or in the group of R11is optionally substituted with -CN or -OH; the 4-6 membered heterocyclyl or 5-6 membered heteroaryl represented by R11is optionally substituted with one or two groups selected from -CN, -OH, oxo (as appropriate), and C1-4alkyl; R1aand R1bare independently selected from the group consisting of H or C1-4alkyl, wherein the alkyl represented by R1aor R1bis optionally substituted with one to three halogen, CN, C1-4alkyl, or C1-4alkoxy. The definitions of the remaining variables are provided in the sixteenth embodiment. Alternatively, the definitions of the remaining variables are provided in the first embodiment. In an eighteenth embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound according to the seventeeth embodiment, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein R1is cyclohexenyl, dihydropyranyl, dihydropyridinyl, dihydrothiopyranyl, morpholinyl, oxazolidinyl, phenyl, piperidinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydropyridinyl, thiazolyl; each of which is optionally substituted with one or two R11; and R11, in each occurrence, is independently selected from F, oxo (as appropriate), –OH, CN, -CH3, -CH2F, -CH2OH, -CH2CHF2, -CH2CH2CN, -CH2C(CH3)2OH, -C(O)CH3, -C(O)CH2OH, -CONHCH3, -NHCOCH3, -NHCOCH2CN, -SO2CH3, oxetanyl, or morpholinyl. The definitions of the remaining variables are provided in the first, sixteenth or seventeenth embodiments. In a nineteenth embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound according to any one of the sixteenth through eighteenth embodiments, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein R7, in each occurrence, is independently -F, -Cl, -CN, -NH2, -CH3, -CHF2, -CF3, -CF2CH3, or -CF2CH2OH; R9is H or -CH3; and R10is -CH3; and n is 0, 1, or 2. The definitions of the remaining variables are provided in any one of the first, sixteenth through eighteenth embodiments. In a twentieth embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound selected from the compounds disclosed in Examples and Table 1, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof. Table 1

[0002] 2. Definitions The term “halogen” or "halo," as used herein, refers to fluoride, chloride, bromide, or iodide. The term “alkyl” used alone or as part of a larger moiety, such as “alkoxy” or “haloalkyl” and the like, means saturated aliphatic straight-chain or branched monovalent hydrocarbon radical of formula -CnH(2n+1). Unless otherwise specified, an alkyl group typically has 1-6 carbon atoms, i.e. C1-6alkyl. As used herein, a “C1-6alkyl” group means a radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms in a linear or branched arrangement. Examples include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, tert- butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, hexyl, and the like. The term “alkenyl” means an alkyl group in which one or more carbon / carbon single bond is replaced by a double bond. The term “alkynyl” means an alkyl group in which one or more carbon / carbon single bond is replaced by a triple bond. The term “alkoxy” means an alkyl radical attached through an oxygen linking atom, represented by –O-alkyl. For example, “(C1-C4)alkoxy” includes methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, and butoxy. The term “haloalkyl” means alkyl, as the case may be, substituted with one or more halogen atoms. The term “haloalkoxyl” means alkoxyl, as the case may be, substituted with one or more halogen atoms. The term “hydroxyalkyl” means alkyl, as the case may be, substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups. The term "alkylene" by itself or as part of another substituent means a divalent radical derived from an alkane, as exemplified by -CH2CH2CH2CH2-. The term “carbocyclyl” refers to any non-aromatic hydrocarbon ring having 3-12 membered carbocyclyl. In one embodiment, carbocyclyl is 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-membered monocyclic or bicyclic or 7-, 8-, 9-, 10-, 11-, or 12-membered bicyclic or tricyclic hydrocarbon ring, any of which may be saturated, or partially unsaturated. Any substitutable ring atom can be substituted (e.g., by one or more substituents). Examples of such carbocycles include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptenyl, cycloheptyl, cycloheptenyl, adamantyl, cyclooctyl, cyclooctenyl, and cyclooctadienyl. In one embodiment, carbocyclyl is intended to include, bridged, fused, and spirocyclic rings. In a spirocyclic carbocyclyl, one atom is common to two different rings. An example of a spirocyclic carbocyclyl is spiropentanyl. In a bridged carbocyclyl, the rings share at least two common non-adjacent atoms. Examples of bridged carbocyclyls include bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl, bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-enyl, and adamantanyl. In a fused-ring carbocyclyl system, two or more rings may be fused together, such that two rings share one common bond. Examples of two- or three-fused ring carbocyclyls include naphthalenyl, tetrahydronaphthalenyl (tetralinyl), indenyl, indanyl (dihydroindenyl), anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, and decalinyl. The term “cycloalkyl” refers to a cyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, or polycyclic saturated hydrocarbon groups having 3 to 12 ring carbons. In one embodiment, cycloalkyl may have 3 to 7 ring cabons. Any substitutable ring atom can be substituted (e.g., by one or more substituents). Examples of cycloalkyl groups include, without limitation, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl. Cycloalkyl may include multiple fused and / or bridged rings. Non- limiting examples of fused / bridged cycloalkyl include: bicyclo[1.1.0]butane, bicyclo[2.1.0]pentane, bicyclo[1.1.0]pentane, bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane, bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane, bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, bicyclo[4.2.0]octane, bicyclo[3.2.1]octane, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, and the like. Cycloalkyl also includes spirocyclic rings (e.g., spirocyclic bicycle wherein two rings are connected through just one atom). Non-limiting examples of spirocyclic cycloalkyls include spiro[2.2]pentane, spiro[2.5]octane, spiro[3.5]nonane, spiro[3.5]nonane, spiro[3.5]nonane, spiro[4.4]nonane, spiro[2.6]nonane, spiro[4.5]decane, spiro[3.6]decane, spiro[5.5]undecane, and the like. The term “heterocyclyl” or “heterocyclic” refers to a radical of a 3- to 12-membered non- aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1 to 4 ring heteroatoms, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from phosphorus, nitrogen, quaternary nitrogen, oxidized nitrogen (e.g., NO), oxygen, and sulfur, including sulfoxide and sulfone (“3-12 membered heterocyclyl”). In some embodiments, a heterocyclyl comprises 1-3 heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. In some embodiments, a heterocyclyl comprises 1-3 heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, a heterocyclyl can be saturated, or partially unsaturated. In some embodiments, a heterocyclyl group is a 3-7 membered non-aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1-4 ring heteroatoms, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur (“3-7 membered heterocyclyl”). In heterocyclyl groups that contain one or more nitrogen atoms, the point of attachment can be a carbon or nitrogen atom, as valency permits. A heterocyclyl group can either be monocyclic (“monocyclic heterocyclyl”) or polycyclic (e.g., a bicyclic system (“bicyclic heterocyclyl”) or tricyclic system (“tricyclic heterocyclyl”); polycyclic ring systems include fused, bridged, or spiro ring systems). Exemplary monocyclic heterocyclyl groups include azetidinyl, oxetanyl, thietanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, azepanyl, oxepanyl, thiepanyl, tetrahydropyridinyl, and the like. Heterocyclyl polycyclic ring systems can include heteroatoms in one or more rings in the polycyclic ring system. Substituents may be present on one or more rings in the polycyclic ring system. Spiro heterocyclyl refers to 5 to 12 membered polycyclic heterocyclyl with rings connected through one common carbon atom (called as spiro atom), wherein said rings have one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, quaternary nitrogen, oxidized nitrogen (e.g., NO), oxygen, and sulfur, including sulfoxide and sulfone, the remaining ring atoms being C, wherein one or more rings may contain one or more double bonds, but none of the rings is an aromatic ring. Representive examples of spiro heterocyclyl include, but are not limited to the following groups: . Fused heterocyclyl refers to a 5 to 12 membered polycyclic heterocyclyl group, wherein each ring in the group shares an adjacent pair of ring atoms with another ring in the group, wherein one or more rings can contain one or more double bonds, but at least one of the rings is not an aromatic ring, and wherein said rings have one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, quaternary nitrogen, oxidized nitrogen (e.g., NO), oxygen, and sulfur, including sulfoxide and sulfone, the remaining ring atoms being C. Representive examples of fused heterocyclyl include, but are not limited to the following groups: . Bridged heterocyclyl refers to a 5 to 12 membered polycyclic heterocyclyl group, wherein any two rings in the group share two disconnected atoms, the rings can have one or more double bonds but have no completely conjugated π-electron system, and the rings have one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, quaternary nitrogen, oxidized nitrogen (e.g., NO), oxygen, and sulfur, including sulfoxide and sulfone as ring atoms, the remaining ring atoms being C. Representive examples of bridged heterocyclyl include, but are not limited to the following groups: . Generally, the carbocyclyl, the cycloalkyl, or the heterocyclyl may be unsubstituted, or be substituted with one or more substituents as valency allows, wherein the substituents can be independently selected from a number of groups such as oxo, -CN, halogen, alkyl and alkoxyl, opotionally, the alkyl substitution may be further substituted. The term “aryl” refers to a 6 to 10 membered all-carbon monocyclic ring or a polycyclic fused ring group, and has a completely conjugated π-electron system. Representive examples of aryl are phenyl and naphthyl. The term “heteroaryl,” as used herein, refers to a monocyclic or multicyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in which at least one of the ring carbon atoms has been replaced with a heteroatom independently selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. Preferably, the heteroaryl is based on a C5-10 aryl with one or more of its ring carbon atoms replaced by a heteroatom(s). A heteroaryl group may be attached through a ring carbon atom or, where valency permits, through a ring nitrogen atom. Generally, the heteroaryl may be unsubstituted, or be substituted with one or more substituents as valency allows with the substituents being independently selected from halogen, OH, alkyl, alkoxyl, and amino (e.g., NH2, NHalkyl, N(alkyl)2), optionally, the alkyl may be further substituted. As used herein, the term “treating” includes any effect, e.g., lessening, reducing, modulating, ameliorating, or eliminating, that results in the improvement of the condition, disease, disorder, and the like, or ameliorating a symptom thereof. The term “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount of an agent (e.g., a compound described herein) effective to treat at least one symptom of a disease or disorder in a patient or subject. The “therapeutically effective amount” of the agent for administration may vary based upon the desired activity, the disease state of the patient or subject being treated, the dosage form, method of administration, patient factors such as the patient's sex, genotype, weight and age, the underlying causes of the condition or disease to be treated, the route of administration and bioavailability, the persistence of the administered agent in the body, evidence of natriuresis and / or diuresis, the type of formulation, and the potency of the agent. Pharmaceutically Acceptable Salts The term “pharmaceutically-acceptable salt” refers to a pharmaceutical salt that is, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, and allergic response, and is commensurate with a reasonable benefit / risk ratio. Pharmaceutically-acceptable salts are well known in the art. For example, S. M. Berge et al. describes pharmacologically acceptable salts in J. Pharm. Sci., 1977, 66, 1–19. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of any one of the formulae described above include acid addition and base salts. Included in the present teachings are pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds disclosed herein. Compounds having basic groups can form pharmaceutically acceptable salts with pharmaceutically acceptable acid(s). Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts of the compounds described herein include salts of inorganic acids (such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, phosphoric, metaphosphoric, nitric, and sulfuric acids) and of organic acids (such as acetic, benzenesulfonic, benzoic, ethanesulfonic, methanesulfonic, and succinic acids). Compounds of the present teachings with acidic groups such as carboxylic acids can form pharmaceutically acceptable salts with pharmaceutically acceptable base(s). Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable basic salts include ammonium salts, alkali metal salts (such as sodium and potassium salts) and alkaline earth metal salts (such as magnesium and calcium salts). Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compounds of any one of the formulae described above may be prepared by one or more of three methods: (i) by reacting the compound of any one of the formulae described above with the desired acid or base; (ii) by removing an acid- or base-labile protecting group from a suitable precursor of the compound of any one of the formulae described above or by ring-opening a suitable cyclic precursor, for example, a lactone or lactam, using the desired acid or base; or (iii) by converting one salt of the compound of any one of the formulae described above to another by reaction with an appropriate acid or base or by means of a suitable ion exchange column. All three reactions are typically carried out in solution. The resulting salt may precipitate out and be collected by filtration or may be recovered by evaporation of the solvent. The degree of ionisation in the resulting salt may vary from completely ionised to almost non-ionised. The compounds of any one of the formulae described above, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, may exist in unsolvated and solvated forms. Stereoisomers and Other Variations The compounds of any one of the formulae described above may exhibit one or more kinds of isomerism (e.g. optical, geometric or tautomeric isomerism). Such variation is implicit to the compounds of any one of the formulae described above defined as they are by reference to their structural features and therefore within the scope of the present disclosure. Compounds having one or more chiral centers can exist in various stereoisomeric forms, i.e., each chiral center can have an R or S configuration, or can be a mixture of both. Stereoisomers are compounds that differ only in their spatial arrangement. Stereoisomers include all diastereomeric and enantiomeric forms of a compound. Enantiomers are stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other. Diastereomers are stereoisomers having two or more chiral centers that are not identifcal and are not mirror images of each other. When a compound is designated by its chemical name (e.g., where the configuration is indicated in the chemical name by “R” or “S”) or its structure (e.g., the configuration is indicated by “wedge” bonds) that indicates a single enantiomer, unless indicated otherwise, the compound is at least 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 99% or 99.9% optically pure (also referred to as “enantiomerically pure”). Optical purity is the weight in the mixture of the named or depicted enantiomer divided by the total weight in the mixture of both enantiomers. When the stereochemistry of a disclosed compound is named or depicted by structure, and the named or depicted structure encompasses more than one stereoisomer (e.g., as in a diastereomeric pair), it is to be understood that one of the encompassed stereoisomers or any mixture of the encompassed stereoisomers is included. It is to be further understood that the stereoisomeric purity of the named or depicted stereoisomers at least 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 99% or 99.9% by weight. The stereoisomeric purity in this case is determined by dividing the total weight in the mixture of the stereoisomers encompassed by the name or structure by the total weight in the mixture of all of the stereoisomers. When two stereoisomers are depicted by their chemical names or structures, and the chemical names or structures are connected by an “and”, a mixture of the two stereoisomers is intended. When two stereoisomers are depicted by their chemical names or structures, and the names or structures are connected by an “or”, one or the other of the two stereoisomers is intended, but not both. When a disclosed compound having a chiral center is depicted by a structure without showing a configuration at that chiral center, the structure is meant to encompass the compound with the S configuration at that chiral center, the compound with the R configuration at that chiral center, or the compound with a mixture of the R and S configuration at that chiral center. When a disclosed compound having a chiral center is depicted by its chemical name without indicating a configuration at that chiral center with “S” or “R”, the name is meant to encompass the compound with the S configuration at that chiral center, the compound with the R configuration at that chiral center or the compound with a mixture of the R and S configuration at that chiral center. Racemic mixture means 50% of one enantiomer and 50% of is corresponding enantiomer. When a compound with one chiral center is named or depicted without indicating the stereochemistry of the chiral center, it is understood that the name or structure encompasses both possible enantiomeric forms (e.g., both enantiomerically-pure, enantiomerically-enriched or racemic) of the compound. When a compound with two or more chiral centers is named or depicted without indicating the stereochemistry of the chiral centers, it is understood that the name or structure encompasses all possible diasteriomeric forms (e.g., diastereomerically pure, diastereomerically enriched and equimolar mixtures of one or more diastereomers (e.g., racemic mixtures) of the compound. The term “geometric isomer” refers to compounds having at least one double bond, wherein the double bond(s) may exist in cis (also referred to as syn or entgegen (E)) or trans (also referred to as anti or zusammen (Z)) forms as well as mixtures thereof. Where structural isomers are interconvertible via a low energy barrier, tautomeric isomerism (“tautomerism”) can occur. This can take the form of proton tautomerism in compounds of any one of the formulae described above containing, for example, an imino, keto, or oxime group, or so-called valence tautomerism in compounds which contain an aromatic moiety. It follows that a single compound may exhibit more than one type of isomerism. In certain embodiments, tautomeric forms of the disclosed compounds exist, such as the tautomeric structures shown below: When a geometric isomer is depicted by name or structure, it is to be understood that the named or depicted isomer exists to a greater degree than another isomer, that is that the geometric isomeric purity of the named or depicted geometric isomer is greater than 50%, such as at least 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 99%, or 99.9% pure by weight. Geometric isomeric purity is determined by dividing the weight of the named or depicted geometric isomer in the mixture by the total weight of all of the geomeric isomers in the mixture. Cis / trans isomers may be separated by conventional techniques well known to those skilled in the art, for example, chromatography and fractional crystallisation. Conventional techniques for the preparation / isolation of individual enantiomers / diastereomers include chiral synthesis from a suitable optically pure precursor or resolution of the racemate (or the racemate of a salt or derivative) using, for example, chiral high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Alternatively, the racemate (or a racemic precursor) may be reacted with a suitable optically active compound, for example, an alcohol, or, in the case where the compound of any one of the formulae described above contains an acidic or basic moiety, a base or acid such as 1- phenylethylamine or tartaric acid. The resulting diastereomeric mixture may be separated by chromatography and / or fractional crystallization and one or both of the diastereoisomers converted to the corresponding pure enantiomer(s) by means well known to a skilled person. Chiral compounds of any one of the formulae described above (and chiral precursors thereof) may be obtained in enantiomerically-enriched form using chromatography, typically HPLC, on an asymmetric resin with a mobile phase consisting of a hydrocarbon, typically heptane or hexane, containing from 0 to 50% by volume of isopropanol, typically from 2% to 20%, and from 0 to 5% by volume of an alkylamine, typically 0.1% diethylamine. Concentration of the eluate affords the enriched mixture. Chiral chromatography using sub-and supercritical fluids may be employed. Methods for chiral chromatography useful in some embodiments of the present disclosure are known in the art (see, for example, Smith, Roger M., Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK; Chromatographic Science Series (1998), 75 (Supercritical Fluid Chromatography with Packed Columns), pp.223-249 and references cited therein). Columns can be obtained from Chiral Technologies, Inc, West Chester, Pa., USA, a subsidiary of Daicel®Chemical Industries, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan. It must be emphasized that the compounds of any one of the formulae described above have been drawn herein in a single tautomeric form, all possible tautomeric forms are included within the scope of the present disclosure. 3. Administration and Dosing Typically, a compound of the present disclosure is administered in an amount effective to treat a condition as described herein. The compounds of the present disclosure can be administered as compound per se, or alternatively, as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. For administration and dosing purposes, the compound per se or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof will simply be referred to as the compounds of the present disclosure. The compounds of the present disclosure are administered by any suitable route in the form of a pharmaceutical composition adapted to such a route, and in a dose effective for the treatment intended. The compounds of the present disclosure may be administered orally, rectally, vaginally, parenterally, or topically. The compounds of the present disclosure may be administered orally. Oral administration may involve swallowing, so that the compound enters the gastrointestinal tract, or buccal or sublingual administration may be employed by which the compound enters the bloodstream directly from the mouth. In another embodiment, the compounds of the present disclosure may also be administered directly into the bloodstream, into muscle, or into an internal organ. Suitable means for parenteral administration include intravenous, intraarterial, intraperitoneal, intrathecal, intraventricular, intraurethral, intrasternal, intracranial, intramuscular and subcutaneous. Suitable devices for parenteral administration include needle (including microneedle) injectors, needle-free injectors and infusion techniques. In another embodiment, the compounds of the present disclosure may also be administered topically to the skin or mucosa, that is, dermally or transdermally. In another embodiment, the compounds of the present disclosure can also be administered intranasally or by inhalation. In another embodiment, the compounds of the present disclosure may be administered rectally or vaginally. In another embodiment, the compounds of the present disclosure may also be administered directly to the eye or ear. The dosage regimen for the compounds of the present disclosure and / or compositions containing said compounds is based on a variety of factors, including the type, age, weight, sex and medical condition of the patient; the severity of the condition; the route of administration; and the activity of the particular compound employed. Thus the dosage regimen may vary widely. In one embodiment, the total daily dose of a compound of the present disclosure is typically from about 0.001 to about 100 mg / kg (i.e., mg compound of the present disclosure per kg body weight) for the treatment of the indicated conditions discussed herein. For oral administration, the compositions may be provided in the form of tablets containing 0.1- 500 milligrams of the active ingredient for the symptomatic adjustment of the dosage to the patient. A medicament typically contains from about 0.01 mg to about 500 mg of the active ingredient. Intravenously, doses may range from about 0.01 to about 10 mg / kg / minute during a constant rate infusion. Suitable subjects according to the present disclosure include mammalian subjects, including non-human mammal such as primates, rodents (mice, rats, hamsters, rabbits etc). In one embodiment, humans are suitable subjects. Human subjects may be of either gender and at any stage of development. 4. Pharmaceutical Compositions In another embodiment, the present disclosure comprises pharmaceutical compositions. Such pharmaceutical compositions comprise a compound of the present disclosure presented with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient. Other pharmacologically active substances can also be present. As used herein, “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient” includes any and all solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents, and the like that are physiologically compatible. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include one or more of water, saline, phosphate buffered saline, dextrose, glycerol, ethanol and the like, as well as combinations thereof, and may include isotonic agents, for example, sugars, sodium chloride, or polyalcohols such as mannitol, or sorbitol in the composition. Pharmaceutically acceptable substances such as wetting agents or minor amounts of auxiliary substances such as wetting or emulsifying agents, preservatives or buffers, which enhance the shelf life or effectiveness of the antibody or antibody portion. The compositions of present disclosure may be in a variety of forms. These include, for example, liquid, semi-solid and solid dosage forms, such as liquid solutions (e.g., injectable and infusible solutions), dispersions or suspensions, tablets, pills, powders, liposomes and suppositories. The form depends on the intended mode of administration and therapeutic application. Typical compositions are in the form of injectable or infusible solutions, such as compositions similar to those used for passive immunization of humans with antibodies in general. One mode of administration is parenteral (e.g. intravenous, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, intramuscular). In another embodiment, the antibody is administered by intravenous infusion or injection. In yet another embodiment, the antibody is administered by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection. Oral administration of a solid dose form may be, for example, presented in discrete units, such as hard or soft capsules, pills, cachets, lozenges, or tablets, each containing a predetermined amount of at least one compound of the present disclosure. In another embodiment, the oral administration may be in a powder or granule form. In another embodiment, the oral dose form is sub- lingual, such as, for example, a lozenge. In such solid dosage forms, the compounds of any one of the formulae described above are ordinarily combined with one or more adjuvants. Such capsules or tablets may contain a controlled release formulation. In the case of capsules, tablets, and pills, the dosage forms also may comprise buffering agents or may be prepared with enteric coatings. In another embodiment, oral administration may be in a liquid dose form. Liquid dosage forms for oral administration include, for example, pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups, and elixirs containing inert diluents commonly used in the art (e.g., water). Such compositions also may comprise adjuvants, such as wetting, emulsifying, suspending, flavoring (e.g., sweetening), and / or perfuming agents. In another embodiment, the present disclosure comprises a parenteral dose form. “Parenteral administration” includes, for example, subcutaneous injections, intravenous injections, intraperitoneally, intramuscular injections, intrasternal injections, and infusion. Injectable preparations (i.e., sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspensions) may be formulated according to the known art using suitable dispersing, wetting agents, and / or suspending agents. In another embodiment, the present disclosure comprises a topical dose form. “Topical administration” includes, for example, transdermal administration, such as via transdermal patches or iontophoresis devices, intraocular administration, or intranasal or inhalation administration. Compositions for topical administration also include, for example, topical gels, sprays, ointments, and creams. A topical formulation may include a compound which enhances absorption or penetration of the active ingredient through the skin or other affected areas. When the compounds of present disclosure are administered by a transdermal device, administration will be accomplished using a patch either of the reservoir and porous membrane type or of a solid matrix variety. Typical formulations for this purpose include gels, hydrogels, lotions, solutions, creams, ointments, dusting powders, dressings, foams, films, skin patches, wafers, implants, sponges, fibres, bandages and microemulsions. Liposomes may also be used. Typical carriers include alcohol, water, mineral oil, liquid petrolatum, white petrolatum, glycerin, polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol. Penetration enhancers may be incorporated - see, for example, Finnin and Morgan, J. Pharm. Sci., 88:955-958, 1999. Formulations suitable for topical administration to the eye include, for example, eye drops wherein the compound of present disclosure is dissolved or suspended in a suitable carrier. A typical formulation suitable for ocular or aural administration may be in the form of drops of a micronized suspension or solution in isotonic, pH-adjusted, sterile saline. Other formulations suitable for ocular and aural administration include ointments, biodegradable (i.e., absorbable gel sponges, collagen) and non-biodegradable (i.e., silicone) implants, wafers, lenses and particulate or vesicular systems, such as niosomes or liposomes. A polymer such as crossed linked polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, hyaluronic acid, a cellulosic polymer, for example, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, or methylcellulose, or a heteropolysaccharide polymer, for example, gelan gum, may be incorporated together with a preservative, such as benzalkonium chloride. Such formulations may also be delivered by iontophoresis. For intranasal administration or administration by inhalation, the compounds of the present disclosure are conveniently delivered in the form of a solution or suspension from a pump spray container that is squeezed or pumped by the patient or as an aerosol spray presentation from a pressurized container or a nebulizer, with the use of a suitable propellant. Formulations suitable for intranasal administration are typically administered in the form of a dry powder (either alone, as a mixture, for example, in a dry blend with lactose, or as a mixed component particle, for example, mixed with phospholipids, such as phosphatidylcholine) from a dry powder inhaler or as an aerosol spray from a pressurized container, pump, spray, atomizer (preferably an atomizer using electrohydrodynamics to produce a fine mist), or nebulizer, with or without the use of a suitable propellant, such as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane or 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane. For intranasal use, the powder may comprise a bioadhesive agent, for example, chitosan or cyclodextrin. In another embodiment, the present disclosure comprises a rectal dose form. Such rectal dose form may be in the form of, for example, a suppository. Cocoa butter is a traditional suppository base, but various alternatives may be used as appropriate. Other carrier materials and modes of administration known in the pharmaceutical art may also be used. Pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure may be prepared by any of the well- known techniques of pharmacy, such as effective formulation and administration procedures. The above considerations in regard to effective formulations and administration procedures are well known in the art and are described in standard textbooks. Formulation of drugs is discussed in, for example, Hoover, John E., Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa., 1975; Liberman et al., Eds., Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Marcel Decker, New York, N.Y., 1980; and Kibbe et al., Eds., Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients (3rdEd.), American Pharmaceutical Association, Washington, 1999. 5. Method of Treatment The present disclosure is directed to SOS1 inhibitor compounds, in particular compounds of formula (I’), (IIA’), (IIB’), (IIIA’-1), (IIIA’-2), (IIIB’-1), (IIIB’-2), (IV’), (IVA’), (IVB’), (VA’), (VB’), (VC’), (VD’), (VIA’), (VIB’), or (VII’) (including all its embodiments), which are useful in the treatment and / or prevention of a disease and / or condition associated with or modulated by SOS1, especially wherein the inhibition of the interaction of SOS1 and a RAS-family protein and / or RAC1 is of therapeutic benefit, including but not limited to the treatment and / or prevention of cancer. In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a compound of formula (I’), (IIA’), (IIB’), (IIIA’-1), (IIIA’-2), (IIIB’-1), (IIIB’-2), (IV’), (IVA’), (IVB’), (VA’), (VB’), (VC’), (VD’), (VIA’), (VIB’), or (VII’), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof for use as a medicament. In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a compound of (I’), (IIA’), (IIB’), (IIIA’- 1), (IIIA’-2), (IIIB’-1), (IIIB’-2), (IV’), (IVA’), (IVB’), (VA’), (VB’), (VC’), (VD’), (VIA’), (VIB’), or (VII’), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof for use in a method of treatment of the human or animal body. In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a SOS1 inhibitor compound, in particular a compound of (I’), (IIA’), (IIB’), (IIIA’-1), (IIIA’-2), (IIIB’-1), (IIIB’-2), (IV’), (IVA’), (IVB’), (VA’), (VB’), (VC’), (VD’), (VIA’), (VIB’), or (VII’), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof for use in the treatment and / or prevention of a disease and / or condition wherein the inhibition of the interaction of SOS1 and a RAS-family protein and / or RAC1 is of therapeutic benefit, including but not limited to the treatment and / or prevention of cancer. In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a SOS1 inhibitor compound, in particular a compound of (I’), (IIA’), (IIB’), (IIIA’-1), (IIIA’-2), (IIIB’-1), (IIIB’-2), (IV’), (IVA’), (IVB’), (VA’), (VB’), (VC’), (VD’), (VIA’), (VIB’), or (VII’), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof for use in the treatment and / or prevention of cancer. In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a SOS1 inhibitor compound, in particular a compound of formula (I’), (IIA’), (IIB’), (IIIA’-1), (IIIA’-2), (IIIB’-1), (IIIB’-2), (IV’), (IVA’), (IVB’), (VA’), (VB’), (VC’), (VD’), (VIA’), (VIB’), or (VII’), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof for use in a method of treatment and / or prevention of cancer in the human or animal body. In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a SOS1 inhibitor compound, in particular a compound of formula (I’), (IIA’), (IIB’), (IIIA’-1), (IIIA’-2), (IIIB’-1), (IIIB’-2), (IV’), (IVA’), (IVB’), (VA’), (VB’), (VC’), (VD’), (VIA’), (VIB’), or (VII’), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof for use as hereinbefore defined wherein the SOS1 inhibitor compound is administered before, after or together with at least one other pharmacologically active substance. In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a SOS1 inhibitor compound - or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof - for use as hereinbefore defined, wherein the SOS1 inhibitor compound is administered in combination with at least one other pharmacologically active substance. In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a compound of formula (I’), (IIA’), (IIB’), (IIIA’-1), (IIIA’-2), (IIIB’-1), (IIIB’-2), (IV’), (IVA’), (IVB’), (VA’), (VB’), (VC’), (VD’), (VIA’), (VIB’), or (VII’), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof for use as hereinbefore defined, wherein the compound is administered in combination with at least one other pharmacologically active substance. In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a pharmacologically active substance prepared for being administered before, after or together with a SOS1 inhibitor compound - or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof - for use as hereinbefore defined for the use of the compound of formula (I’), (IIA’), (IIB’), (IIIA’-1), (IIIA’-2), (IIIB’-1), (IIIB’-2), (IV’), (IVA’), (IVB’), (VA’), (VB’), (VC’), (VD’), (VIA’), (VIB’), or (VII’), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof. In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a pharmacologically active substance prepared for being administered before, after or together with a compound of formula (I’), (IIA’), (IIB’), (IIIA’-1), (IIIA’-2), (IIIB’-1), (IIIB’-2), (IV’), (IVA’), (IVB’), (VA’), (VB’), (VC’), (VD’), (VIA’), (VIB’), or (VII’), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof for use as hereinbefore defined for the use of the compound of formula (I’), (IIA’), (IIB’), (IIIA’-1), (IIIA’-2), (IIIB’-1), (IIIB’-2), (IV’), (IVA’), (IVB’), (VA’), (VB’), (VC’), (VD’), (VIA’), (VIB’), or (VII’), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof. In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a SOS1 inhibitor compound, in particular a compound of formula (I’), (IIA’), (IIB’), (IIIA’-1), (IIIA’-2), (IIIB’-1), (IIIB’-2), (IV’), (IVA’), (IVB’), (VA’), (VB’), (VC’), (VD’), (VIA’), (VIB’), or (VII’), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof for use in the treatment or in a method of treatment as hereinbefore defined. In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to the use of a SOS1 inhibitor compound, in particular a compound of formula (I’), (IIA’), (IIB’), (IIIA’-1), (IIIA’-2), (IIIB’-1), (IIIB’-2), (IV’), (IVA’), (IVB’), (VA’), (VB’), (VC’), (VD’), (VIA’), (VIB’), or (VII’), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof for preparing a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment and / or prevention of cancer. In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to the use of a SOS1 inhibitor compound - or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof - as hereinbefore defined wherein the SOS1 inhibitor compound is administered before, after or together with at least one other pharmacologically active substance. In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to the use of a compound of formula (I’), (IIA’), (IIB’), (IIIA’-1), (IIIA’-2), (IIIB’-1), (IIIB’-2), (IV’), (IVA’), (IVB’), (VA’), (VB’), (VC’), (VD’), (VIA’), (VIB’), or (VII’), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof as hereinbefore defined wherein the compound is administered before, after or together with at least one other pharmacologically active substance. In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to the use of a SOS1 inhibitor compound, in particular a compound of formula (I’), (IIA’), (IIB’), (IIIA’-1), (IIIA’-2), (IIIB’-1), (IIIB’-2), (IV’), (IVA’), (IVB’), (VA’), (VB’), (VC’), (VD’), (VIA’), (VIB’), or (VII’), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof as hereinbefore defined for the treatment. In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a method for the treatment and / or prevention of a disease and / or condition wherein the inhibition of the interaction of SOS1 and a RAS- family protein or RAC1 is of therapeutic benefit comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a SOS1 inhibitor compound, in particular a compound of formula (I’), (IIA’), (IIB’), (IIIA’-1), (IIIA’-2), (IIIB’-1), (IIIB’-2), (IV’), (IVA’), (IVB’), (VA’), (VB’), (VC’), (VD’), (VIA’), (VIB’), or (VII’), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof to a human being. In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a method for the treatment and / or prevention of cancer comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a SOS1 inhibitor compound, in particular a compound of formula (I’), (IIA’), (IIB’), (IIIA’-1), (IIIA’-2), (IIIB’-1), (IIIB’-2), (IV’), (IVA’), (IVB’), (VA’), (VB’), (VC’), (VD’), (VIA’), (VIB’), or (VII’), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof to a human being. In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a method as hereinbefore defined wherein the SOS1 inhibitor compound - or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof - is administered before, after or together with at least one other pharmacologically active substance. In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a method as hereinbefore defined wherein the compound of formula (I’), (IIA’), (IIB’), (IIIA’-1), (IIIA’-2), (IIIB’-1), (IIIB’-2), (IV’), (IVA’), (IVB’), (VA’), (VB’), (VC’), (VD’), (VIA’), (VIB’), or (VII’), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof is administered before, after or together with at least one other pharmacologically active substance. In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a method as hereinbefore defined wherein the SOS1 inhibitor compound - or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof - is administered in combination with a therapeutically effective amount of at least one other pharmacologically active substance. In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a method as hereinbefore defined wherein the compound of formula (I’), (IIA’), (IIB’), (IIIA’-1), (IIIA’-2), (IIIB’-1), (IIIB’-2), (IV’), (IVA’), (IVB’), (VA’), (VB’), (VC’), (VD’), (VIA’), (VIB’), or (VII’), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof is administered in combination with a therapeutically effective amount of at least one other pharmacologically active substance. In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a method for the treatment as hereinbefore defined. In one embodiment, the disease / condition / cancer to be treated / prevented with the SOS1 inhibitor compound, SOS1 inhibitor compound for use, compound of formula (I’), compound of formula (I’) for use, use for preparing and method for the treatment and / or prevention as herein (above and below) defined is selected from the group consisting of pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, multiple myeloma, melanoma, uterine cancer, endometrial cancer, thyroid cancer, acute myeloid leukaemia, bladder cancer, urothelial cancer, gastric cancer, cervical cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, oesophageal cancer, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, hepatocellular cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, glioblastoma, renal cancer and sarcomas. In one embodiment, the disease / condition / cancer to be treated / prevented with the SOS1 inhibitor compound, SOS1 inhibitor compound for use, compound of formula (I’), compound of formula (I’) for use, use for preparing and method for the treatment and / or prevention as herein (above and below) defined is selected from the group consisting of pancreatic cancer, lung cancer (preferably non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)), cholangiocarcinoma and colorectal cancer. In one embodiment, the disease / condition to be treated / prevented with the SOS1 inhibitor compound, SOS1 inhibitor compound for use, compound of formula (I’), compound of formula (I’) for use, use for preparing and method for the treatment and / or prevention as herein (above and below) defined is a RASopathy. In one embodiment, it is selected from the group consisting of Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), Noonan Syndrome (NS), Noonan Syndrome with Multiple Lentigines (NSML) (also referred to as LEOPARD syndrome), Capillary Malformation- Arteriovenous Malformation Syndrome (CM-AVM), Costello Syndrome (CS), Cardio-Facio- Cutaneous Syndrome (CFC), Legius Syndrome (also known as NF1-like Syndrome) and Hereditary gingival fibromatosis. In one embodiment, the pharmacologically active substance to be used together / in combination with the SOS1 inhibitor compound, in particular compound of formula(I’), (IIA’), (IIB’), (IIIA’-1), (IIIA’-2), (IIIB’-1), (IIIB’-2), (IV’), (IVA’), (IVB’), (VA’), (VB’), (VC’), (VD’), (VIA’), (VIB’), or (VII’), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof, or in the medical uses, uses, methods of treatment and / or prevention as herein (above and below) defined can be selected from any one or more of the following: 1. an inhibitor of EGFR and / or of mutants thereof a. e.g. afatinib, erlotinib, gefitinib, lapatinib, cetuximab, panitumumab, osimertinib, olmutinib, EGF-816; b. afatinib, osimertinib and cetuximab; or c. afatinib; 2. an inhibitor of ErbB2 (Her2) and / or of mutants thereof a. e.g. afatinib, lapatinib, trastuzumab, pertuzumab; b. afatinib and trastuzumab; c. trastuzumab; 3. an inhibitor of ALK and / or of mutants thereof a. e.g. crizotinib, alectinib, entrectinib, brigatinib; b. crizotinib and alectinib; c. crizotinib; 4. an inhibitor of MEK and / or of mutants thereof a. e.g. trametinib, cobimetinib, binimetinib, selumetinib, refametinib; b. trametinib and cobimetinib; c. trametinib; 5. an inhibitor of GDP-bound KRAS and / or of mutants thereof a. an irreversible inhibitor of KRAS G12C i. e.g. ARS-853 (compound V-64 in WO 2014 / 152588), example I-272 in WO 2016 / 044772; b. a reversible inhibitor of GDP-bound KRAS and / or of mutants thereof; 6. an inhibitor of BCR-ABL and / or of mutants thereof a. e.g. imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib; b. imatinib and nilotinib; c. imatinib; 7. an inhibitor of FGFR1 and / or FGFR2 and / or FGFR3 and / or of mutants thereof a. e.g. nintedanib; 8. an inhibitor of ROS1 and / or of mutants thereof a. e.g. crizotinib, entrectinib, lorlatinib, ceritinib, merestinib; b. crizotinib and entrectinib; c. crizotinib; 9. an inhibitor of c-MET and / or of mutants thereof 10. an inhibitor of AXL and / or of mutants thereof 11. an inhibitor of NTRK1 and / or of mutants thereof 12. an inhibitor of RET and / or of mutants thereof 13. a taxane a. e.g. paclitaxel, nab-paclitaxel, docetaxel; b. paclitaxel; 14. a platinum-containing compound a. e.g. cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin; 15. an anf / '-metabolite a. e.g.5-fluorouracil, capecitabine, floxuridine, cytarabine, gemcitabine, combination of trifluridine and tipiracil (= TAS102); b. gemcitabine; 16. mitotic kinase inhibitor a. e.g. CDK4 / 6 inhibitor i. e.g. palbociclib, ribociclib, abemaciclib; ii. palbociclib and abemaciclib; iii. abemaciclib; 17. an immunotherapeutic agent a. e.g. an immune checkpoint inhibitor i. e.g. an anf / '-CTLA4 mAb, anf / '-PD1 mAb, anf / '-PD-L1 mAb, anf / '- PD-L2 mAb, anti- LAG3 mAb, anf / -TIM3 mAb; ii. an anf / '-PD1 mAb; iii. e.g. ipilimumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, pidilizumab, PDR-001 (= spartalizumab); iv. nivolumab, pembrolizumab and PDR-001 (= spartalizumab); v. pembrolizumab; 18. an anti- angiogenic drug a. e.g. bevacizumab, nintedanib; b. bevacizumab; 19. a topoisomerase inhibitor a. e.g. irinotecan, liposomal irinotecan, topotecan; b. irinotecan; 20. an inhibitor of A-Raf and / or B-Raf and / or C-Raf and / or of mutants thereof a. e.g. RAF-709 (= example 131 in WO 2014 / 151616), LY-3009120 (= example 1 in WO 2013 / 134243); 21. an inhibitor of ERK and / or of mutants thereof a. e.g. ulixertinib; 22. an apoptose regulator a. e.g. an inhibitor of the interaction between p53 (functional p53, wt p53) and MDM2 (a“MDM2 inhibitor”); i. e.g. HDM-201 , NVP-CGM097, RG-7112, MK-8242, RG-7388, SAR405838, AMG-232, DS-3032, RG-7775, APG-115; ii. HDM-201 , RG-7388 and AMG-232 b. e.g. a PARP inhibitor; c. e.g. a MCL-1 inhibitor; 23. an inhibitor of mTOR a. e.g. rapamycin, temsirolimus, everolimus, ridaforolimus; 24. an epigenetic regulator a. e.g. a BET inhibitor i. e.g. JQ-1 , GSK 525762, OTX 015 (= MK8628), CPI 0610, TEN-010 (= R06870810); b. e.g. a CDK9 inhibitor; 25. an inhibitor of IGF1 / 2 and / or of IGF1 -R a. e.g. xentuzumab (antibody 60833 in WO 2010 / 066868), MEDI-573 (= dusigitumab); 26. an inhibitor of RAS GEFs and / or of mutants thereof a. e.g. an inhibitor of SOS2 and / or of mutants thereof 27. an inhibitor of PI3K and / or of mutants thereof. 28. an inhibitor of SHP2 and / or of mutants thereof. In one embodiment, non-drug therapies can be used together / in combination with the SOS1 inhibitor compound, in particular compound of formula (I’), (IIA’), (IIB’), (IIIA’-1), (IIIA’-2), (IIIB’-1), (IIIB’-2), (IV’), (IVA’), (IVB’), (VA’), (VB’), (VC’), (VD’), (VIA’), (VIB’), or (VII’), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof, or in the medical uses, uses, methods of treatment and / or prevention as herein (above and below). Examples of non-drug treatments include, but are not limited to, radiation therapy, cryotherapy, hyperthermia, surgery (e.g., surgical excision of tumor tissue), and T cell adoptive transfer (ACT) therapy. In one embodiment, the compounds of the present disclosure may be used as an adjuvant therapy after surgery. In some embodiments, the compounds of the present disclosure may be used as a neo-adjuvant therapy prior to surgery. Radiation therapy may be used for inhibiting abnormal cell growth or treating a hyperproliferative disorder, such as cancer, in a subject (e.g., mammal (e.g., human)). Techniques for administering radiation therapy are known in the art. Radiation therapy can be administered through one of several methods, or a combination of methods, including, without limitation, external-beam therapy, internal radiation therapy, implant radiation, stereotactic radiosurgery, systemic radiation therapy, radiotherapy and permanent or temporary interstitial brachy therapy. The term "brachy therapy," as used herein, refers to radiation therapy delivered by a spatially confined radioactive material inserted into the body at or near a tumor or other proliferative tissue disease site. The term is intended, without limitation, to include exposure to radioactive isotopes (e.g., At-211, I-131, I-125, Y-90, Re-186, Re-188, Sm-153, Bi-212, P-32, and radioactive isotopes of Lu). Suitable radiation sources for use as a cell conditioner of the present disclosure include both solids and liquids. By way of non-limiting example, the radiation source can be a radionuclide, such as I-125, I-131, Yb-169, Ir-192 as a solid source, I-125 as a solid source, or other radionuclides that emit photons, beta particles, gamma radiation, or other therapeutic rays. The radioactive material can also be a fluid made from any solution of radionuclide(s), e.g., a solution of I-125 or I-131, or a radioactive fluid can be produced using a slurry of a suitable fluid containing small particles of solid radionuclides, such as Au-198, or Y-90. Moreover, the radionuclide(s) can be embodied in a gel or radioactive micro spheres. In one embodiment, the compounds of the present disclosure can render abnormal cells more sensitive to treatment with radiation for purposes of killing or inhibiting the growth of such cells. Accordingly, the present disclosure further relates to a method for sensitizing abnormal cells in a mammal to treatment with radiation which comprises administering to the mammal an amount of a compound of the present disclosure, which amount is effective to sensitize abnormal cells to treatment with radiation. The amount of the compound in this method can be determined according to the means for ascertaining effective amounts of such compounds described herein. In some embodiments, the compounds of the present disclosure may be used as an adjuvant therapy after radiation therapy or as a neo-adjuvant therapy prior to radiation therapy. In one embodiment, the non-drug treatment is a T cell adoptive transfer (ACT) therapy. In some embodiments, the T cell is an activated T cell. The T cell may be modified to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). CAR modified T (CAR-T) cells can be generated by any method known in the art. For example, the CAR-T cells can be generated by introducing a suitable expression vector encoding the CAR to a T cell. Prior to expansion and genetic modification of the T cells, a source of T cells is obtained from a subject. T cells can be obtained from a number of sources, including peripheral blood mononuclear cells, bone marrow, lymph node tissue, cord blood, thymus tissue, tissue from a site of infection, ascites, pleural effusion, spleen tissue, and tumors. In certain embodiments of the present disclosure, any number of T cell lines available in the art may be used. In some embodiments, the T cell is an autologous T cell. Whether prior to or after genetic modification of the T cells to express a desirable protein (e.g., a CAR), the T cells can be activated and expanded generally using methods as described, for example, in U.S. Patents 6,352,694; 6,534,055; 6,905,680; 6,692,964; 5,858,358; 6,887,466; 6,905,681; 7,144,575; 7,067,318; 7,172,869; 7,232,566; 7,175,843; 7,572,631; 5,883,223; 6,905,874; 6,797,514; and 6,867,041. In one embodiment, additional therapy agents can be used together / in combination with the SOS1 inhibitor compound, in particular compound of formula (I’), (IIA’), (IIB’), (IIIA’-1), (IIIA’-2), (IIIB’-1), (IIIB’-2), (IV’), (IVA’), (IVB’), (VA’), (VB’), (VC’), (VD’), (VIA’), (VIB’), or (VII’), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof, or in the medical uses, uses, methods of treatment and / or prevention as herein (above and below). In one embodiment, the additional therapeutic agent may be a steroid. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the one or more additional therapies includes a steroid. Suitable steroids may include, but are not limited to, 21-acetoxypregnenolone, alclometasone, algestone, amcinonide, beclomethasone, betamethasone, budesonide, chloroprednisone, clobetasol, clocortolone, cloprednol, corticosterone, cortisone, cortivazol, deflazacort, desonide, desoximetasone, dexamethasone, diflorasone, diflucortolone, difuprednate, enoxolone, fluazacort, fiucloronide, flumethasone, flunisolide, fluocinolone acetonide, fluocinonide, fluocortin butyl, fluocortolone, fluorometholone, fluperolone acetate, fluprednidene acetate, fluprednisolone, flurandrenolide, fluticasone propionate, formocortal, halcinonide, halobetasol propionate, halometasone, hydrocortisone, loteprednol etabonate, mazipredone, medrysone, meprednisone, methylprednisolone, mometasone furoate, paramethasone, prednicarbate, prednisolone, prednisolone 25-diethylaminoacetate, prednisolone sodium phosphate, prednisone, prednival, prednylidene, rimexolone, tixocortol, triamcinolone, triamcinolone acetonide, triamcinolone benetonide, triamcinolone hexacetonide, and salts or derivatives thereof. Further examples of therapeutic agents that may be used in combination therapy with the compounds of the present disclosure include compounds described in the following patents: U.S. Patent Nos.6,258,812, 6,630,500, 6,515,004, 6,713,485, 5,521,184, 5,770,599, 5,747,498, 5,990,141, 6,235,764, and 8,623,885, and International Patent Applications WO01 / 37820, WO01 / 32651, WO02 / 68406, WO02 / 66470, WO02 / 55501, WO04 / 05279, WO04 / 07481, WO04 / 07458, WO04 / 09784, WO02 / 59110, WO99 / 45009, WO00 / 59509, WO99 / 61422, WO00 / 12089, and WO00 / 02871. A therapeutic agent may be a biologic (e.g., cytokine (e.g., interferon or an interleukin such as IL-2)) used in treatment of cancer or symptoms associated therewith. In some embodiments, the biologic is an immunoglobulin-based biologic, e.g., a monoclonal antibody (e.g., a humanized antibody, a fully human antibody, an Fc fusion protein, or a functional fragment thereof) that agonizes a target to stimulate an anti-cancer response or antagonizes an antigen important for cancer. Also included are antibody-drug conjugates. A therapeutic agent may be a checkpoint inhibitor. In one embodiment, the checkpoint inhibitor is an inhibitory antibody (e.g., a monospecific antibody such as a monoclonal antibody). The antibody may be, e.g., humanized or fully human. In some embodiments, the checkpoint inhibitor is a fusion protein, e.g., an Fc-receptor fusion protein. In some embodiments, the checkpoint inhibitor is an agent, such as an antibody, that interacts with a checkpoint protein. In some embodiments, the checkpoint inhibitor is an agent, such as an antibody, that interacts with the ligand of a checkpoint protein. In some embodiments, the checkpoint inhibitor is an inhibitor (e.g., an inhibitory antibody or small molecule inhibitor) of CTLA-4 (e.g., an anti-CTLA-4 antibody or fusion a protein). In some embodiments, the checkpoint inhibitor is an inhibitor or antagonist (e.g., an inhibitory antibody or small molecule inhibitor) of PD-1. In some embodiments, the checkpoint inhibitor is an inhibitor or antagonist (e.g., an inhibitory antibody or small molecule inhibitor) of PDL-1. In some embodiments, the checkpoint inhibitor is an inhibitor or antagonist (e.g., an inhibitory antibody or Fc fusion or small molecule inhibitor) of PDL-2 (e.g., a PDL-2 / Ig fusion protein). In some embodiments, the checkpoint inhibitor is an inhibitor or antagonist (e.g., an inhibitory antibody or small molecule inhibitor) of B7-H3, B7-H4, BTLA, HVEM, TIM3, GAL9, LAG3, VISTA, KIR, 2B4, CD160, CGEN-15049, CHK 1, CHK2, A2aR, B-7 family ligands, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the checkpoint inhibitor is pembrolizumab, nivolumab, PDR001 (NVS), REGN2810 (Sanofi / Regeneron), a PD-L1 antibody such as, e.g., avelumab, durvalumab, atezolizumab, pidilizumab, JNJ-63723283 (JNJ), BGB-A317 (BeiGene & Celgene) or a checkpoint inhibitor disclosed in Preusser, M. et al. (2015) Nat. Rev. Neurol., including, without limitation, ipilimumab, tremelimumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, AMP224, AMP514 / MEDI0680, BMS936559, MEDl4736, MPDL3280A, MSB0010718C, BMS986016, IMP321, lirilumab, IPH2101, 1-7F9, and KW-6002. A therapeutic agent may be an agent that treats cancer or symptoms associated therewith (e.g., a cytotoxic agent, non-peptide small molecules, or other compound useful in the treatment of cancer or symptoms associated therewith, collectively, an“anti-cancer agent”). Anti-cancer agents can be, e.g., chemotherapeutics or targeted therapy agents. Anti-cancer agents include mitotic inhibitors, intercalating antibiotics, growth factor inhibitors, cell cycle inhibitors, enzymes, topoisomerase inhibitors, biological response modifiers, alkylating agents, antimetabolites, folic acid analogs, pyrimidine analogs, purine analogs and related inhibitors, vinca alkaloids, epipodopyyllotoxins, antibiotics, L-Asparaginase, topoisomerase inhibitors, interferons, platinum coordination complexes, anthracenedione substituted urea, methyl hydrazine derivatives, adrenocortical suppressant, adrenocorticosteroides, progestins, estrogens, antiestrogen, androgens, antiandrogen, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog. Further anti- cancer agents include leucovorin (LV), irenotecan, oxaliplatin, capecitabine, paclitaxel, and doxetaxel. In some embodiments, the one or more additional therapies includes two or more anti- cancer agents. The two or more anti-cancer agents can be used in a cocktail to be administered in combination or administered separately. Suitable dosing regimens of combination anti- cancer agents are known in the art and described in, for example, Saltz et al., Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol.18:233a (1999), and Douillard et al., Lancet 355(9209):1041-1047 (2000). Other non-limiting examples of anti-cancer agents include Gleevec® (Imatinib Mesylate); Kyprolis® (carfilzomib); Velcade® (bortezomib); Casodex (bicalutamide); Iressa® (gefitinib); alkylating agents such as thiotepa and cyclosphosphamide; alkyl sulfonates such as busulfan, improsulfan and piposulfan; aziridines such as benzodopa, carboquone, meturedopa, and uredopa; ethylenimines and methylamelamines including altretamine, triethylenemelamine, triethylenephosphoramide, triethiylenethiophosphoramide and trimethylolomelamine; acetogenins (especially bullatacin and bullatacinone); a camptothecin (including the synthetic analogue topotecan); bryostatin; callystatin; CC-1065 (including its adozelesin, carzelesin and bizelesin synthetic analogues); cryptophycins (particularly cryptophycin 1 and cryptophycin 8); dolastatin; duocarmycin (including the synthetic analogues, KW-2189 and CB1-TM1); eleutherobin; pancratistatin; sarcodictyin A; spongistatin; nitrogen mustards such as chlorambucil, chlornaphazine, cholophosphamide, estramustine, ifosfamide, mechlorethamine, mechlorethamine oxide hydrochloride, melphalan, novembichin, phenesterine, prednimustine, trofosfamide, uracil mustard; nitrosureas such as carmustine, chlorozotocin, fotemustine, lomustine, nimustine, and ranimustine; antibiotics such as the enediyne antibiotics (e.g., calicheamicin, such as calicheamicin gammall and calicheamicin omegall (see, e.g., Agnew, Chem. Intl. Ed Engl.33:183-186 (1994)); dynemicin such as dynemicin A; bisphosphonates such as clodronate; an esperamicin; neocarzinostatin chromophore and related chromoprotein enediyne antibiotic chromophores, aclacinomysins, actinomycin, authramycin, azaserine, bleomycins, cactinomycin, calicheamicin, carabicin, caminomycin, carminomycin, carzinophilin, chromomycins, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, detorubicin, 6-diazo- 5-oxo-L-norleucine, adriamycin (doxorubicin), morpholino-doxorubicin, cyanomorpholino-doxorubicin, 2-pyrrolino- doxorubicin, deoxydoxorubicin, epirubicin, esorubicin, idarubicin, marcellomycin, mitomycins such as mitomycin C, mycophenolic acid, nogalamycin, olivomycins, peplomycin, potfiromycin, puromycin, quelamycin, rodorubicin, streptonigrin, streptozocin, tubercidin, ubenimex, zinostatin, zorubicin; anti-metabolites such as methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU); folic acid analogues such as denopterin, pteropterin, trimetrexate; purine analogs such as fludarabine, 6-mercaptopurine, thiamiprine, thioguanine; pyrimidine analogs such as ancitabine, azacitidine, 6-azauridine, carmofur, cytarabine, dideoxyuridine, doxifluridine, enocitabine, floxuridine; androgens such as calusterone, dromostanolone propionate, epitiostanol, mepitiostane, testolactone; anti-adrenals such as aminoglutethimide, mitotane, trilostane; folic acid replenishers such as frolinic acid; aceglatone; aldophosphamide glycoside; aminolevulinic acid; eniluracil; amsacrine; bestrabucil; bisantrene; edatraxate; defofamine; demecolcine; diaziquone; elfomithine; elliptinium acetate; an epothilone such as epothilone B; etoglucid; gallium nitrate; hydroxyurea; lentinan; lonidamine; maytansinoids such as maytansine and ansamitocins; mitoguazone; mitoxantrone; mopidamol; nitracrine; pentostatin; phenamet; pirarubicin; losoxantrone; podophyllinic acid; 2-ethylhydrazide; procarbazine; PSK® polysaccharide complex (JHS Natural Products, Eugene, OR); razoxane; rhizoxin; sizofiran; spirogermanium; tenuazonic acid; triaziquone; 2,2',2''-trichlorotriethylamine; trichothecenes such as T- 2 toxin, verracurin A, roridin A and anguidine; urethane; vindesine; dacarbazine; mannomustine; mitobronitol; mitolactol; pipobroman; gacytosine; arabinoside ("Ara-C"); cyclophosphamide; thiotepa; taxoids, e.g., Taxol® (paclitaxel), Abraxane® (cremophor-free, albumin-engineered nanoparticle formulation of paclitaxel), and Taxotere® (doxetaxel); chloranbucil; tamoxifen (Nolvadex™); raloxifene; aromatase inhibiting 4(5)-imidazoles; 4-hydroxytamoxifen; trioxifene; keoxifene; LY 117018; onapristone; toremifene (Fareston®); flutamide, nilutamide, bicalutamide, leuprolide, goserelin; chlorambucil; Gemzar® gemcitabine; 6-thioguanine; mercaptopurine; platinum coordination complexes such as cisplatin, oxaliplatin and carboplatin; vinblastine; platinum; etoposide (VP-16); ifosfamide; mitoxantrone; vincristine; Navelbine® (vinorelbine); novantrone; teniposide; edatrexate; daunomycin; aminopterin; ibandronate; irinotecan (e.g., CPT-11); topoisomerase inhibitor RFS 2000; difluoromethylornithine (DMFO); retinoids such as retinoic acid; esperamicins; capecitabine (e.g., Xeloda®); and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of any of the above. Additional non-limiting examples of anti-cancer agents include trastuzumab (Herceptin®), bevacizumab (Avastin®), cetuximab (Erbitux®), rituximab (Rituxan®), Taxol®, Arimidex®, ABVD, avicine, abagovomab, acridine carboxamide, adecatumumab, 17-N-allylamino-17- demethoxygeldanamycin, alpharadin, alvocidib, 3-aminopyridine-2- carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone, amonafide, anthracenedione, anti-CD22 immunotoxins, antineoplastics (e.g., cell- cycle nonspecific antineoplastic agents, and other antineoplastics described herein), antitumorigenic herbs, apaziquone, atiprimod, azathioprine, belotecan, bendamustine, BIBW 2992, biricodar, brostallicin, bryostatin, buthionine sulfoximine, CBV (chemotherapy), calyculin, dichloroacetic acid, discodermolide, elsamitrucin, enocitabine, eribulin, exatecan, exisulind, ferruginol, forodesine, fosfestrol, ICE chemotherapy regimen, IT-101, imexon, imiquimod, indolocarbazole, irofulven, laniquidar, larotaxel, lenalidomide, lucanthone, lurtotecan, mafosfamide, mitozolomide, nafoxidine, nedaplatin, olaparib, ortataxel, PAC-1, pawpaw, pixantrone, proteasome inhibitors, rebeccamycin, resiquimod, rubitecan, SN-38, salinosporamide A, sapacitabine, Stanford V, swainsonine, talaporfin, tariquidar, tegafur- uracil, temodar, tesetaxel, triplatin tetranitrate, tris(2-chloroethyl)amine, troxacitabine, uramustine, vadimezan, vinflunine, ZD6126, and zosuquidar. Further non-limiting examples of anti-cancer agents include natural products such as vinca alkaloids (e.g., vinblastine, vincristine, and vinorelbine), epidipodophyllotoxins (e.g., etoposide and teniposide), antibiotics (e.g., dactinomycin (actinomycin D), daunorubicin, and idarubicin), anthracyclines, mitoxantrone, bleomycins, plicamycin (mithramycin), mitomycin, enzymes (e.g., L-asparaginase which systemically metabolizes L-asparagine and deprives cells which do not have the capacity to synthesize their own asparagine), antiplatelet agents, antiproliferative / antimitotic alkylating agents such as nitrogen mustards (e.g., mechlorethamine, cyclophosphamide and analogs, melphalan, and chlorambucil), ethylenimines and methylmelamines (e.g., hexaamethylmelaamine and thiotepa), CDK inhibitors (e.g., a CDK 4 / 6 inhibitor such as ribociclib, abemaciclib, or palbociclib), seliciclib, UCN-01, P1446A-05, PD-0332991, dinaciclib, P27-00, AT-7519, RGB286638, and SCH727965), alkyl sulfonates (e.g., busulfan), nitrosoureas (e.g., carmustine (BCNU) and analogs, and streptozocin), trazenes- dacarbazinine (DTIC), antiproliferative / antimitotic antimetabolites such as folic acid analogs, pyrimidine analogs (e.g., fluorouracil, floxuridine, and cytarabine), purine analogs and related inhibitors (e.g., mercaptopurine, thioguanine, pentostatin, and 2- chlorodeoxyadenosine), aromatase inhibitors (e.g., anastrozole, exemestane, and letrozole), and platinum coordination complexes (e.g., cisplatin and carboplatin), procarbazine, hydroxyurea, mitotane, aminoglutethimide, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (e.g., trichostatin, sodium butyrate, apicidan, suberoyl anilide hydroamic acid, vorinostat, LBH 589, romidepsin, ACY-1215, and panobinostat), mTOR inhibitors (e.g., vistusertib, temsirolimus, everolimus, ridaforolimus, and sirolimus), KSP(Eg5) inhibitors (e.g., Array 520), DNA binding agents (e.g., Zalypsis®), PI3K inhibitors such as PI3K delta inhibitor (e.g., GS-1101 and TGR-1202), PI3K delta and gamma inhibitor (e.g., CAL-130), copanlisib, alpelisib and idelalisib; multi-kinase inhibitor (e.g., TG02 and sorafenib), hormones (e.g., estrogen) and hormone agonists such as leutinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists (e.g., goserelin, leuprolide and triptorelin), BAFF-neutralizing antibody (e.g., LY2127399), IKK inhibitors, p38MAPK inhibitors, anti-IL-6 (e.g., CNT0328), telomerase inhibitors (e.g., GRN 163L), aurora kinase inhibitors (e.g., MLN8237), cell surface monoclonal antibodies (e.g., anti-CD38 (HUMAX-CD38), anti- CSl (e.g., elotuzumab), HSP90 inhibitors (e.g., 17 AAG and KOS 953), P13K / Akt inhibitors (e.g., perifosine), Akt inhibitors (e.g., GSK-2141795), PKC inhibitors (e.g., enzastaurin), FTIs (e.g., Zarnestra™), anti-CD138 (e.g., BT062), Torcl / 2 specific kinase inhibitors (e.g., INK128), ER / UPR targeting agents (e.g., MKC-3946), cFMS inhibitors (e.g., ARRY-382), JAK1 / 2 inhibitors (e.g., CYT387), PARP inhibitors (e.g., olaparib and veliparib (ABT-888)), and BCL-2 antagonists. In some embodiments, an anti-cancer agent is selected from mechlorethamine, camptothecin, ifosfamide, tamoxifen, raloxifene, gemcitabine, Navelbine®, sorafenib, or any analog or derivative variant of the foregoing. In some embodiments, an anti-cancer agent is an ALK inhibitor. Non-limiting examples of ALK inhibitors include ceritinib, TAE-684 (NVP-TAE694), PF02341066 (crizotinib or 1066), alectinib; brigatinib; entrectinib; ensartinib (X-396); lorlatinib; ASP3026; CEP-37440; 4SC-203; TL-398; PLB1003; TSR-011; CT-707; TPX-0005, and AP26113. Additional examples of ALK kinase inhibitors are described in examples 3-39 of WO05016894. In some embodiments, an anti-cancer agent is an inhibitor of a member downstream of a Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK) / Growth Factor Receptor (e.g., a SHP2 inhibitor (e.g., SHP099, TNO155, RMC-4550, RMC-4630, JAB-3068), another SOS1 inhibitor (e.g., BI-1701963), a Raf inhibitor, a MEK inhibitor, an ERK inhibitor, a PI3K inhibitor, a PTEN inhibitor, an AKT inhibitor, or an mTOR inhibitor (e.g., mTORC1 inhibitor or mTORC2 inhibitor). In some embodiments, the anti-cancer agent is JAB-3312. In some embodiments, an anti-cancer agent is a Ras inhibitor (e.g., AMG 510, MRTX1257, LY349946, MRTX849, ARS-3248 (JNJ-74699157), or ARS-1620), or a Ras vaccine, or another therapeutic modality designed to directly or indirectly decrease the oncogenic activity of Ras. In some embodiments, the Ras protein is wild-type. In some embodiments, the cancer comprises a Ras mutation. In some embodiments, a mutation is selected from: (a) the following K-Ras mutants: G12D, G12V, G12C, G13D, G12R, G12A, Q61H, G12S, A146T, G13C, Q61L, Q61R, K117N, A146V, G12F, Q61K, L19F, Q22K, V14I, A59T, A146P, G13R, G12L, or G13V, and combinations thereof; (b) the following H-Ras mutants: Q61R, G13R, Q61K, G12S, Q61L, G12D, G13V, G13D, G12C, K117N, A59T, G12V, G13C, Q61H, G13S, A18V, D119N, G13N, A146T, A66T, G12A, A146V, G12N, or G12R, and combinations thereof; and (c) the following N-Ras mutants: Q61R, Q61K, G12D, Q61L, Q61H, G13R, G13D, G12S, G12C, G12V, G12A, G13V, G12R, P185S, G13C, A146T, G60E, Q61P, A59D, E132K, E49K, T50I, A146V, or A59T, and combinations thereof; or a combination of any of the foregoing (e.g., both K-Ras G12C and K-Ras G13C). In some embodiments, the cancer comprises a Ras mutation selected from the group consisting of G12C, G13C, G12A, G12D, G13D, G12S, G13S, G12V and G13V. In some embodiments, a therapeutic agent that may be combined with a compound of the present disclosure is an inhibitor of the MAP kinase (MAPK) pathway (or “MAPK inhibitor”). MAPK inhibitors include, but are not limited to, one or more MAPK inhibitor described in Cancers (Basel) 2015 Sep; 7(3): 1758–1784. For example, the MAPK inhibitor may be selected from one or more of trametinib, binimetinib, selumetinib, cobimetinib, LErafAON (NeoPharm), ISIS 5132; vemurafenib, pimasertib, TAK733, RO4987655 (CH4987655); CI-1040; PD-0325901; CH5126766; MAP855; AZD6244; refametinib (RDEA 119 / BAY 86-9766); GDC-0973 / XL581; AZD8330 (ARRY- 424704 / ARRY-704); RO5126766 (Roche, described in PLoS One.2014 Nov 25;9(11)); and GSK1120212 (or JTP-74057, described in Clin Cancer Res.2011 Mar 1;17(5):989- 1000). In some embodiments, an anti-cancer agent is a disrupter or inhibitor of the RAS-RAF-ERK or PI3K-AKT-TOR or PI3K-AKT signaling pathways. The PI3K / AKT inhibitor may include, but is not limited to, one or more PI3K / AKT inhibitor described in Cancers (Basel) 2015 Sep; 7(3): 1758– 1784. For example, the PI3K / AKT inhibitor may be selected from one or more of NVP-BEZ235; BGT226; XL765 / SAR245409; SF1126; GDC-0980; PI-103; PF-04691502; PKI-587; GSK2126458. In some embodiments, an anti-cancer agent is a PD-1 or PD-L1 antagonist. In some embodiments, additional therapeutic agents include EGFR inhibitors, IGF-1R inhibitors, MEK inhibitors, PI3K inhibitors, AKT inhibitors, TOR inhibitors, MCL-1 inhibitors, BCL-2 inhibitors, SHP2 inhibitors, proteasome inhibitors, and immune therapies. IGF-1R inhibitors include linsitinib, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. EGFR inhibitors include, but are not limited to, small molecule antagonists, antibody inhibitors, or specific antisense nucleotide or siRNA. Useful antibody inhibitors of EGFR include cetuximab (Erbitux®), panitumumab (Vectibix®), zalutumumab, nimotuzumab, and matuzumab. Further antibody-based EGFR inhibitors include any anti- EGFR antibody or antibody fragment that can partially or completely block EGFR activation by its natural ligand. Non-limiting examples of antibody-based EGFR inhibitors include those described in Modjtahedi et al., Br. J. Cancer 1993, 67:247-253; Teramoto et al., Cancer 1996, 77:639-645; Goldstein et al., Clin. Cancer Res.1995, 1:1311-1318; Huang et al., 1999, Cancer Res.15:59(8):1935-40; and Yang et al., Cancer Res.1999, 59:1236-1243. The EGFR inhibitor can be monoclonal antibody Mab E7.6.3 (Yang, 1999 supra), or Mab C225 (ATCC Accession No. HB-8508), or an antibody or antibody fragment having the binding specificity thereof. Small molecule antagonists of EGFR include gefitinib (Iressa®), erlotinib (Tarceva®), and lapatinib (TykerB®). See, e.g., Yan et al., Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics In Oncology Therapeutic Antibody Development, BioTechniques 2005, 39(4):565-8; and Paez et al., EGFR Mutations In Lung Cancer Correlation With Clinical Response To Gefitinib Therapy, Science 2004, 304(5676):1497-500. Further non- limiting examples of small molecule EGFR inhibitors include any of the EGFR inhibitors described in the following patent publications, and all pharmaceutically acceptable salts of such EGFR inhibitors: EP 0520722; EP 0566226; WO96 / 33980; U.S. Pat. No.5,747,498; WO96 / 30347; EP 0787772; WO97 / 30034; WO97 / 30044; WO97 / 38994; WO97 / 49688; EP 837063; WO98 / 02434; WO97 / 38983; WO95 / 19774; WO95 / 19970; WO97 / 13771; WO98 / 02437; WO98 / 02438; WO97 / 32881; DE 19629652; WO98 / 33798; WO97 / 32880; WO97 / 32880; EP 682027; WO97 / 02266; WO97 / 27199; WO98 / 07726; WO97 / 34895; WO96 / 31510; WO98 / 14449; WO98 / 14450; WO98 / 14451; WO95 / 09847; WO97 / 19065; WO98 / 17662; U.S. Pat. No.5,789,427; U.S. Pat. No.5,650,415; U.S. Pat. No.5,656,643; WO99 / 35146; WO99 / 35132; WO99 / 07701; and WO92 / 20642. Additional non-limiting examples of small molecule EGFR inhibitors include any of the EGFR inhibitors described in Traxler et al., Exp. Opin. Ther. Patents 1998, 8(12):1599-1625. In some embodiments, an EGFR inhibitor is osimertinib. MEK inhibitors include, but are not limited to, pimasertib, selumetinib, cobimetinib (Cotellic®), trametinib (Mekinist®), and binimetinib (Mektovi®). In some embodiments, a MEK inhibitor targets a MEK mutation that is a Class I MEK1 mutation selected from D67N; P124L; P124S; and L177V. In some embodiments, the MEK mutation is a Class II MEK1 mutation selected from DE51-Q58; DF53-Q58; E203K; L177M; C121S; F53L; K57E; Q56P; and K57N. PI3K inhibitors include, but are not limited to, wortmannin; 17- hydroxywortmannin analogs described in WO06 / 044453; 4-[2-(1H-Indazol-4-yl)-6-[[4- (methylsulfonyl)piperazin-1- yl]methyl]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]morpholine (also known as pictilisib or GDC-0941 and described in WO09 / 036082 and WO09 / 055730); 2- methyl-2-[4-[3-methyl-2-oxo-8-(quinolin-3-yl)- 2,3-dihydroimidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-1- yl]phenyl]propionitrile (also known as BEZ 235 or NVP-BEZ 235, and described in WO06 / 122806); (S)-l-(4-((2-(2-aminopyrimidin-5-yl)-7-methyl-4- morpholinothieno[3,2- d]pyrimidin-6-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-hydroxypropan-1-one (described in WO08 / 070740); LY294002 (2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-l-benzopyran-4-one (available from Axon Medchem); PI 103 hydrochloride (3-[4-(4-morpholinylpyrido- [3',2':4,5]furo[3,2-d]pyrimidin- 2-yl] phenol hydrochloride (available from Axon Medchem); PIK 75 (2-methyl-5-nitro-2-[(6- bromoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)methylene]- 1-methylhydrazide-benzenesulfonic acid, monohydrochloride) (available from Axon Medchem); PIK 90 (N-(7,8-dimethoxy-2,3-dihydro- imidazo[l,2-c]quinazolin-5-yl)- nicotinamide (available from Axon Medchem); AS-252424 (5-[l-[5- (4-fluoro-2-hydroxy- phenyl)-furan-2-yl]-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-thiazolidine-2,4-dione (available from Axon Medchem); TGX-221 (7-methyl-2-(4-morpholinyl)-9-[1-(phenylamino)ethyl]-4H-pyrido- [1,2- a]pyrirnidin-4-one (available from Axon Medchem); XL-765; and XL-147. Other PI3K inhibitors include demethoxyviridin, perifosine, CAL101, PX-866, BEZ235, SF1126, INK1117, IPI-145, BKM120, XL147, XL765, Palomid 529, GSK1059615, ZSTK474, PWT33597, IC87114, TGI 00- 115, CAL263, PI-103, GNE-477, CUDC-907, and AEZS- 136. AKT inhibitors include, but are not limited to, Akt-1-1 (inhibits Aktl) (Barnett et al., Biochem. J.2005, 385(Pt.2): 399-408); Akt-1-1,2 (inhibits Akl and 2) (Barnett et al., Biochem. J.2005, 385(Pt.2): 399-408); API-59CJ-Ome (e.g., Jin et al., Br. J. Cancer 2004, 91:1808-12); 1-H- imidazo[4,5-c]pyridinyl compounds (e.g., WO 05 / 011700); indole-3- carbinol and derivatives thereof (e.g., U.S. Pat. No.6,656,963; Sarkar and Li J Nutr.2004, 134(12 Suppl):3493S-3498S); perifosine (e.g., interferes with Akt membrane localization; Dasmahapatra et al. Clin. Cancer Res.2004, 10(15):5242-52); phosphatidylinositol ether lipid analogues (e.g., Gills and Dennis Expert. Opin. Investig. Drugs 2004, 13:787-97); and triciribine (TCN or API-2 or NCI identifier: NSC 154020; Yang et al., Cancer Res.2004, 64:4394-9). mTOR inhibitors include, but are not limited to, ATP-competitive mTORC1 / mTORC2 inhibitors, e.g., PI-103, PP242, PP30; Torin 1; FKBP12 enhancers; 4H-1-benzopyran-4-one derivatives; and rapamycin (also known as sirolimus) and derivatives thereof, including: temsirolimus (Torisel®); everolimus (Afinitor®; WO94 / 09010); ridaforolimus (also known as deforolimus or AP23573); rapalogs, e.g., as disclosed in WO98 / 02441 and WO01 / 14387, e.g., AP23464 and AP23841; 40-(2- hydroxyethyl)rapamycin; 40-[3-hydroxy(hydroxymethyl)methylpropanoate]- rapamycin (also known as CC1779); 40-epi-(tetrazolyt)-rapamycin (also called ABT578); 32- deoxorapamycin; 16-pentynyloxy-32(S)-dihydrorapanycin; derivatives disclosed in WO05 / 005434; derivatives disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos.5,258,389, 5,118,677, 5,118,678, 5,100,883, 5,151,413, 5,120,842, and 5,256,790, and in WO94 / 090101, WO92 / 05179, WO93 / 111130, WO94 / 02136, WO94 / 02485, WO95 / 14023, WO94 / 02136, WO95 / 16691, WO96 / 41807, WO96 / 41807, and WO2018204416; and phosphorus-containing rapamycin derivatives (e.g., WO05 / 016252). In some embodiments, the mTOR inhibitor is a bisteric inhibitor (see, e.g., WO2018204416, WO2019212990 and WO2019212991), such as RMC-5552. BRAF inhibitors that may be used in combination with compounds of the present disclosure include, for example, vemurafenib, dabrafenib, and encorafenib. A BRAF may comprise a Class 3 BRAF mutation. In some embodiments, the Class 3 BRAF mutation is selected from one or more of the following amino acid substitutions in human BRAF: D287H; P367R; V459L; G466V; G466E; G466A; S467L; G469E; N581S; N581I; D594N; D594G; D594A; D594H; F595L; G596D; G596R and A762E. MCL-1 inhibitors include, but are not limited to, AMG-176, MIK665, and S63845. The myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1) protein is one of the key anti-apoptotic members of the B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) protein family. Over-expression of MCL-1 has been closely related to tumor progression as well as to resistance, not only to traditional chemotherapies but also to targeted therapeutics including BCL-2 inhibitors such as ABT- 263. In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is a SHP2 inhibitor. SHP2 is a non- receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase encoded by the PTPN11 gene that contributes to multiple cellular functions including proliferation, differentiation, cell cycle maintenance and migration. SHP2 has two N-terminal Src homology 2 domains (N-SH2 and C-SH2), a catalytic domain (PTP), and a C- terminal tail. The two SH2 domains control the subcellular localization and functional regulation of SHP2. The molecule exists in an inactive, self-inhibited conformation stabilized by a binding network involving residues from both the N-SH2 and PTP domains. Stimulation by, for example, cytokines or growth factors acting through receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) leads to exposure of the catalytic site resulting in enzymatic activation of SHP2. SHP2 is involved in signaling through the RAS-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), the JAK-STAT or the phosphoinositol 3-kinase-AKT pathways. Mutations in the PTPN11 gene and subsequently in SHP2 have been identified in several human developmental diseases, such as Noonan Syndrome and Leopard Syndrome, as well as human cancers, such as juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, neuroblastoma, melanoma, acute myeloid leukemia and cancers of the breast, lung and colon. Some of these mutations destabilize the auto-inhibited conformation of SHP2 and promote autoactivation or enhanced growth factor driven activation of SHP2. SHP2, therefore, represents a highly attractive target for the development of novel therapies for the treatment of various diseases including cancer. A SHP2 inhibitor (e.g., RMC-4550 or SHP099) in combination with a RAS pathway inhibitor (e.g., a MEK inhibitor) have been shown to inhibit the proliferation of multiple cancer cell lines in vitro (e.g., pancreas, lung, ovarian and breast cancer). Thus, combination therapy involving a SHP2 inhibitor with a RAS pathway inhibitor could be a general strategy for preventing tumor resistance in a wide range of malignancies, and may form the basis of a triple combination inhibitor with a SOS1 inhibitor. Non-limiting examples of such SHP2 inhibitors that are known in the art, include: Chen et al. Mol Pharmacol.2006, 70, 562; Sarver et al., J. Med. Chem.2017, 62, 1793; Xie et al., J. Med. Chem.2017, 60, 113734; and Igbe et al., Oncotarget, 2017, 8, 113734; and PCT applications: WO2015107493; WO2015107494; WO201507495; WO2016203404; WO2016203405; WO2016203406; WO2011022440; WO2017156397; WO2017079723; WO2017211303; WO2012041524; WO2017211303; WO2019051084; WO2017211303; US20160030594; US20110281942; WO2010011666; WO2014113584; WO2014176488; WO2017100279; WO2019051469; US8637684; WO2007117699; WO2015003094; WO2005094314; WO2008124815; WO2009049098; WO2009135000; WO2016191328; WO2016196591; WO2017078499; WO2017210134; WO2018013597; WO2018129402; WO2018130928; WO20181309928; WO2018136264; WO2018136265; WO2018160731; WO2018172984; and WO2010121212, each of which is incorporated herein by reference. In some embodiments, a SHP2 inhibitor binds in the active site. In some embodiments, a SHP2 inhibitor is a mixed-type irreversible inhibitor. In some embodiments, a SHP2 inhibitor binds an allosteric site e.g., a non-covalent allosteric inhibitor. In some embodiments, a SHP2 inhibitor is a covalent SHP2 inhibitor, such as an inhibitor that targets the cysteine residue (C333) that lies outside the phosphatase’s active site. In some embodiments a SHP2 inhibitor is a reversible inhibitor. In some embodiments, a SHP2 inhibitor is an irreversible inhibitor. In some embodiments, the SHP2 inhibitor is SHP099. In some embodiments, the SHP2 inhibitor is TNO155. In some embodiments, the SHP2 inhibitor is RMC-4550. In some embodiments, the SHP2 inhibitor is RCM-4630. In some embodiments, the SHP2 inhibitor is JAB-3068. Proteasome inhibitors include, but are not limited to, carfilzomib (Kyprolis®), bortezomib (Velcade®), and oprozomib. Immune therapies include, but are not limited to, monoclonal antibodies, immunomodulatory imides (IMiDs), GITR agonists, genetically engineered T-cells (e.g., CAR-T cells), bispecific antibodies (e.g., BiTEs), and anti-PD-1, anti-PDL-1, anti-CTLA4, anti-LAGl, and anti-OX40 agents). Immunomodulatory agents (IMiDs) are a class of immunomodulatory drugs (drugs that adjust immune responses) containing an imide group. The IMiD class includes thalidomide and its analogues (lenalidomide, pomalidomide, and apremilast). Exemplary anti-PD-1 antibodies and methods for their use are described by Goldberg et al., Blood 2007, 110(1):186-192; Thompson et al., Clin.Cancer Res.2007, 13(6):1757-1761; and WO06 / 121168 A1), as well as described elsewhere herein. GITR agonists include, but are not limited to, GITR fusion proteins and anti- GITR antibodies (e.g., bivalent anti-GITR antibodies), such as, a GITR fusion protein described in U.S. Pat. No.6,111,090, U.S. Pat. No.8,586,023, WO2010 / 003118 and WO2011 / 090754; or an anti-GITR antibody described, e.g., in U.S. Pat. No.7,025,962, EP 1947183, U.S. Pat. No.7,812,135, U.S. Pat. No.8,388,967, U.S. Pat. No.8,591,886, U.S. Pat. No.7,618,632, EP 1866339, and WO2011 / 028683, WO2013 / 039954, WO05 / 007190, WO07 / 133822, WO05 / 055808, WO99 / 40196, WO01 / 03720, WO99 / 20758, WO06 / 083289, WO05 / 115451, and WO2011 / 051726. Another example of a therapeutic agent that may be used in combination with the compounds of the present disclosure is an anti-angiogenic agent. Anti-angiogenic agents are inclusive of, but not limited to, in vitro synthetically prepared chemical compositions, antibodies, antigen binding regions, radionuclides, and combinations and conjugates thereof. An anti-angiogenic agent can be an agonist, antagonist, allosteric modulator, toxin or, more generally, may act to inhibit or stimulate its target (e.g., receptor or enzyme activation or inhibition), and thereby promote cell death or arrest cell growth. In some embodiments, the one or more additional therapies include an anti-angiogenic agent. Anti-angiogenic agents can be MMP-2 (matrix-metalloproteinase 2) inhibitors, MMP-9 (matrix-metalloprotienase 9) inhibitors, and COX-II (cyclooxygenase 11) inhibitors. Non-limiting examples of anti-angiogenic agents include rapamycin, temsirolimus (CCI-779), everolimus (RAD001), sorafenib, sunitinib, and bevacizumab. Examples of useful COX-II inhibitors include alecoxib, valdecoxib, and rofecoxib. Examples of useful matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors are described in WO96 / 33172, WO96 / 27583, WO98 / 07697, WO98 / 03516, WO98 / 34918, WO98 / 34915, WO98 / 33768, WO98 / 30566, WO90 / 05719, WO99 / 52910, WO99 / 52889, WO99 / 29667, WO99007675, EP0606046, EP0780386, EP1786785, EP1181017, EP0818442, EP1004578, and US20090012085, and U.S. Patent Nos.5,863,949 and 5,861,510. In some embodiments, MMP-2 and MMP-9 inhibitors are those that have little or no activity inhibiting MMP-1. In some embodiments, MMP-2 and MMP-9 inhibitors are those that selectively inhibit MMP-2 or AMP-9 relative to the other matrix-metalloproteinases (i.e., MAP-1, MMP-3, MMP-4, MMP-5, MMP-6, MMP- 7, MMP- 8, MMP-10, MMP-11, MMP-12, and MMP-13). Some specific examples of MMP inhibitors are AG-3340, RO 32-3555, and RS 13-0830. Further exemplary anti-angiogenic agents include KDR (kinase domain receptor) inhibitory agents (e.g., antibodies and antigen binding regions that specifically bind to the kinase domain receptor), anti-VEGF agents (e.g., antibodies or antigen binding regions that specifically bind VEGF, or soluble VEGF receptors or a ligand binding region thereof) such as VEGF-TRAP™, and anti- VEGF receptor agents (e.g., antibodies or antigen binding regions that specifically bind thereto), EGFR inhibitory agents (e.g., antibodies or antigen binding regions that specifically bind thereto) such as Vectibix® (panitumumab), erlotinib (Tarceva®), anti-Angl and anti-Ang2 agents (e.g., antibodies or antigen binding regions specifically binding thereto or to their receptors, e.g., Tie2 / Tek), and anti-Tie2 kinase inhibitory agents (e.g., antibodies or antigen binding regions that specifically bind thereto). Other anti-angiogenic agents include Campath, IL-8, B-FGF, Tek antagonists (US2003 / 0162712; US6,413,932), anti-TWEAK agents (e.g., specifically binding antibodies or antigen binding regions, or soluble TWEAK receptor antagonists; see US6,727,225), ADAM distintegrin domain to antagonize the binding of integrin to its ligands (US 2002 / 0042368), specifically binding anti-eph receptor or anti-ephrin antibodies or antigen binding regions (U.S. Patent Nos.5,981,245; 5,728,813; 5,969,110; 6,596,852; 6,232,447; 6,057,124 and patent family members thereof), and anti-PDGF-BB antagonists (e.g., specifically binding antibodies or antigen binding regions) as well as antibodies or antigen binding regions specifically binding to PDGF-BB ligands, and PDGFR kinase inhibitory agents (e.g., antibodies or antigen binding regions that specifically bind thereto). Additional anti-angiogenic agents include: SD-7784 (Pfizer, USA); cilengitide (Merck KGaA, Germany, EPO 0770622); pegaptanib octasodium, (Gilead Sciences, USA); Alphastatin, (BioActa, UK); M-PGA, (Celgene, USA, US 5712291); ilomastat, (Arriva, USA, US5892112); emaxanib, (Pfizer, USA, US 5792783); vatalanib, (Novartis, Switzerland); 2-methoxyestradiol (EntreMed, USA); TLC ELL-12 (Elan, Ireland); anecortave acetate (Alcon, USA); alpha-D148 Mab (Amgen, USA); CEP-7055 (Cephalon, USA); anti-Vn Mab (Crucell, Netherlands), DACantiangiogenic (ConjuChem, Canada); Angiocidin (InKine Pharmaceutical, USA); KM-2550 (Kyowa Hakko, Japan); SU-0879 (Pfizer, USA); CGP-79787 (Novartis, Switzerland, EP 0970070); ARGENT technology (Ariad, USA); YIGSR-Stealth (Johnson & Johnson, USA); fibrinogen-E fragment (BioActa, UK); angiogenic inhibitor (Trigen, UK); TBC-1635 (Encysive Pharmaceuticals, USA); SC-236 (Pfizer, USA); ABT-567 (Abbott, USA); Metastatin (EntreMed, USA); maspin (Sosei, Japan); 2-methoxyestradiol (Oncology Sciences Corporation, USA); ER- 68203-00 (IV AX, USA); BeneFin (Lane Labs, USA); Tz-93 (Tsumura, Japan); TAN-1120 (Takeda, Japan); FR-111142 (Fujisawa, Japan, JP 02233610); platelet factor 4 (RepliGen, USA, EP 407122); vascular endothelial growth factor antagonist (Borean, Denmark); bevacizumab (pINN) (Genentech, USA); angiogenic inhibitors (SUGEN, USA); XL 784 (Exelixis, USA); XL 647 (Exelixis, USA); MAb, alpha5beta3 integrin, second generation (Applied Molecular Evolution, USA and Medlmmune, USA); enzastaurin hydrochloride (Lilly, USA); CEP 7055 (Cephalon, USA and Sanofi-Synthelabo, France); BC 1 (Genoa Institute of Cancer Research, Italy); rBPI 21 and BPI-derived antiangiogenic (XOMA, USA); PI 88 (Progen, Australia); cilengitide (Merck KGaA, German; Munich Technical University, Germany, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, USA); AVE 8062 (Ajinomoto, Japan); AS 1404 (Cancer Research Laboratory, New Zealand); SG 292, (Telios, USA); Endostatin (Boston Childrens Hospital, USA); ATN 161 (Attenuon, USA); 2-methoxyestradiol (Boston Childrens Hospital, USA); ZD 6474, (AstraZeneca, UK); ZD 6126, (Angiogene Pharmaceuticals, UK); PPI 2458, (Praecis, USA); AZD 9935, (AstraZeneca, UK); AZD 2171, (AstraZeneca, UK); vatalanib (pINN), (Novartis, Switzerland and Schering AG, Germany); tissue factor pathway inhibitors, (EntreMed, USA); pegaptanib (Pinn), (Gilead Sciences, USA); xanthorrhizol, (Yonsei University, South Korea); vaccine, gene-based, VEGF-2, (Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, USA); SPV5.2, (Supratek, Canada); SDX 103, (University of California at San Diego, USA); PX 478, (ProlX, USA); METASTATIN, (EntreMed, USA); troponin I, (Harvard University, USA); SU 6668, (SUGEN, USA); OXI 4503, (OXiGENE, USA); o-guanidines, (Dimensional Pharmaceuticals, USA); motuporamine C, (British Columbia University, Canada); CDP 791, (Celltech Group, UK); atiprimod (pINN), (GlaxoSmithKline, UK); E 7820, (Eisai, Japan); CYC 381, (Harvard University, USA); AE 941, (Aeterna, Canada); vaccine, angiogenic, (EntreMed, USA); urokinase plasminogen activator inhibitor, (Dendreon, USA); oglufanide (pINN), (Melmotte, USA); HIF-lalfa inhibitors, (Xenova, UK); CEP 5214, (Cephalon, USA); BAY RES 2622, (Bayer, Germany); Angiocidin, (InKine, USA); A6, (Angstrom, USA); KR 31372, (Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, South Korea); GW 2286, (GlaxoSmithKline, UK); EHT 0101, (ExonHit, France); CP 868596, (Pfizer, USA); CP 564959, (OSI, USA); CP 547632, (Pfizer, USA); 786034, (GlaxoSmithKline, UK); KRN 633, (Kirin Brewery, Japan); drug delivery system, intraocular, 2-methoxyestradiol; anginex (Maastricht University, Netherlands, and Minnesota University, USA); ABT 510 (Abbott, USA); AAL 993 (Novartis, Switzerland); VEGI (ProteomTech, USA); tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors; SU 11248 (Pfizer, USA and SUGEN USA); ABT 518, (Abbott, USA); YH16 (Yantai Rongchang, China); S- 3APG (Boston Childrens Hospital, USA and EntreMed, USA); MAb, KDR (ImClone Systems, USA); MAb, alpha5 beta (Protein Design, USA); KDR kinase inhibitor (Celltech Group, UK, and Johnson & Johnson, USA); GFB 116 (South Florida University, USA and Yale University, USA); CS 706 (Sankyo, Japan); combretastatin A4 prodrug (Arizona State University, USA); chondroitinase AC (IBEX, Canada); BAY RES 2690 (Bayer, Germany); AGM 1470 (Harvard University, USA, Takeda, Japan, and TAP, USA); AG 13925 (Agouron, USA); Tetrathiomolybdate (University of Michigan, USA); GCS 100 (Wayne State University, USA) CV 247 (Ivy Medical, UK); CKD 732 (Chong Kun Dang, South Korea); irsogladine, (Nippon Shinyaku, Japan); RG 13577 (Aventis, France); WX 360 (Wilex, Germany); squalamine, (Genaera, USA); RPI 4610 (Sirna, USA); heparanase inhibitors (InSight, Israel); KL 3106 (Kolon, South Korea); Honokiol (Emory University, USA); ZK CDK (Schering AG, Germany); ZK Angio (Schering AG, Germany); ZK 229561 (Novartis, Switzerland, and Schering AG, Germany); XMP 300 (XOMA, USA); VGA 1102 (Taisho, Japan); VE-cadherin-2 antagonists(ImClone Systems, USA); Vasostatin (National Institutes of Health, USA); Flk-1 (ImClone Systems, USA); TZ 93 (Tsumura, Japan); TumStatin (Beth Israel Hospital, USA); truncated soluble FLT 1 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1) (Merck & Co, USA); Tie-2 ligands (Regeneron, USA); and thrombospondin 1 inhibitor (Allegheny Health, Education and Research Foundation, USA). Further examples of therapeutic agents that may be used in combination with the compounds of the present disclosure include agents (e.g., antibodies, antigen binding regions, or soluble receptors) that specifically bind and inhibit the activity of growth factors, such as antagonists of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF, also known as Scatter Factor), and antibodies or antigen binding regions that specifically bind its receptor, c-Met. Another example of a therapeutic agent that may be used in combination with the compounds of the present disclosure is an autophagy inhibitor. Autophagy inhibitors include, but are not limited to chloroquine, 3-methyladenine, hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil™), bafilomycin A1, 5-amino-4- imidazole carboxamide riboside (AICAR), okadaic acid, autophagy-suppressive algal toxins which inhibit protein phosphatases of type 2A or type 1, analogues of cAMP, and drugs which elevate cAMP levels such as adenosine, LY204002, N6-mercaptopurine riboside, and vinblastine. In addition, antisense or siRNA that inhibits expression of proteins including but not limited to ATG5 (which are implicated in autophagy), may also be used. In some embodiments, the one or more additional therapies include an autophagy inhibitor. Another example of a therapeutic agent that may be used in combination with compounds of the present disclosure is an anti-neoplastic agent. In some embodiments, the one or more additional therapies include an anti-neoplastic agent. Non-limiting examples of anti- neoplastic agents include acemannan, aclarubicin, aldesleukin, alemtuzumab, alitretinoin, altretamine, amifostine, aminolevulinic acid, amrubicin, amsacrine, anagrelide, anastrozole, ancer, ancestim, arglabin, arsenic trioxide, BAM-002 (Novelos), bexarotene, bicalutamide, broxuridine, capecitabine, celmoleukin, cetrorelix, cladribine, clotrimazole, cytarabine ocfosfate, DA 3030 (Dong-A), daclizumab, denileukin diftitox, deslorelin, dexrazoxane, dilazep, docetaxel, docosanol, doxercalciferol, doxifluridine, doxorubicin, bromocriptine, carmustine, cytarabine, fluorouracil, HIT diclofenac, interferon alfa, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, tretinoin, edelfosine, edrecolomab, eflornithine, emitefur, epirubicin, epoetin beta, etoposide phosphate, exemestane, exisulind, fadrozole, filgrastim, finasteride, fludarabine phosphate, formestane, fotemustine, gallium nitrate, gemcitabine, gemtuzumab zogamicin, gimeracil / oteracil / tegafur combination, glycopine, goserelin, heptaplatin, human chorionic gonadotropin, human fetal alpha fetoprotein, ibandronic acid, idarubicin, (imiquimod, interferon alfa, interferon alfa, natural, interferon alfa-2, interferon alfa-2a, interferon alfa-2b, interferon alfa-Nl, interferon alfa-n3, interferon alfacon-1, interferon alpha, natural, interferon beta, interferon beta-la, interferon beta-lb, interferon gamma, natural interferon gamma- la, interferon gamma-lb, interleukin-1 beta, iobenguane, irinotecan, irsogladine, lanreotide, LC 9018 (Yakult), leflunomide, lenograstim, lentinan sulfate, letrozole, leukocyte alpha interferon, leuprorelin, levamisole + fluorouracil, liarozole, lobaplatin, lonidamine, lovastatin, masoprocol, melarsoprol, metoclopramide, mifepristone, miltefosine, mirimostim, mismatched double stranded RNA, mitoguazone, mitolactol, mitoxantrone, molgramostim, nafarelin, naloxone + pentazocine, nartograstim, nedaplatin, nilutamide, noscapine, novel erythropoiesis stimulating protein, NSC 631570 octreotide, oprelvekin, osaterone, oxaliplatin, paclitaxel, pamidronic acid, pegaspargase, peginterferon alfa-2b, pentosan polysulfate sodium, pentostatin, picibanil, pirarubicin, rabbit antithymocyte polyclonal antibody, polyethylene glycol interferon alfa-2a, porfimer sodium, raloxifene, raltitrexed, rasburiembodiment, rhenium Re 186 etidronate, RII retinamide, rituximab, romurtide, samarium (153 Sm) lexidronam, sargramostim, sizofiran, sobuzoxane, sonermin, strontium-89 chloride, suramin, tasonermin, tazarotene, tegafur, temoporfin, temozolomide, teniposide, tetrachlorodecaoxide, thalidomide, thymalfasin, thyrotropin alfa, topotecan, toremifene, tositumomab-iodine 131, trastuzumab, treosulfan, tretinoin, trilostane, trimetrexate, triptorelin, tumor necrosis factor alpha, natural, ubenimex, bladder cancer vaccine, Maruyama vaccine, melanoma lysate vaccine, valrubicin, verteporfin, vinorelbine, virulizin, zinostatin stimalamer, or zoledronic acid; abarelix; AE 941 (Aeterna), ambamustine, antisense oligonucleotide, bcl-2 (Genta), APC 8015 (Dendreon), decitabine, dexaminoglutethimide, diaziquone, EL 532 (Elan), EM 800 (Endorecherche), eniluracil, etanidazole, fenretinide, filgrastim SD01 (Amgen), fulvestrant, galocitabine, gastrin 17 immunogen, HLA-B7 gene therapy (Vical), granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor, histamine dihydrochloride, ibritumomab tiuxetan, ilomastat, IM 862 (Cytran), interleukin-2, iproxifene, LDI 200 (Milkhaus), leridistim, lintuzumab, CA 125 MAb (Biomira), cancer MAb (Japan Pharmaceutical Development), HER-2 and Fc MAb (Medarex), idiotypic 105AD7 MAb (CRC Technology), idiotypic CEA MAb (Trilex), LYM-1-iodine 131 MAb (Techni clone), polymorphic epithelial mucin-yttrium 90 MAb (Antisoma), marimastat, menogaril, mitumomab, motexafin gadolinium, MX 6 (Galderma), nelarabine, nolatrexed, P 30 protein, pegvisomant, pemetrexed, porfiromycin, prinomastat, RL 0903 (Shire), rubitecan, satraplatin, sodium phenylacetate, sparfosic acid, SRL 172 (SR Pharma), SU 5416 (SUGEN), TA 077 (Tanabe), tetrathiomolybdate, thaliblastine, thrombopoietin, tin ethyl etiopurpurin, tirapazamine, cancer vaccine (Biomira), melanoma vaccine (New York University), melanoma vaccine (Sloan Kettering Institute), melanoma oncolysate vaccine (New York Medical College), viral melanoma cell lysates vaccine (Royal Newcastle Hospital), or valspodar. Additional examples of therapeutic agents that may be used in combination with compounds of the present disclosure include ipilimumab (Yervoy®); tremelimumab; galiximab; nivolumab, also known as BMS-936558 (Opdivo®); pembrolizumab (Keytruda®); avelumab (Bavencio®); AMP224; BMS-936559; MPDL3280A, also known as RG7446; MEDI-570; AMG557; MGA271; IMP321; BMS-663513; PF-05082566; CDX-1127; anti- OX40 (Providence Health Services); huMAbOX40L; atacicept; CP-870893; lucatumumab; dacetuzumab; muromonab-CD3; ipilumumab; MEDI4736 (Imfinzi®); MSB0010718C; AMP 224; adalimumab (Humira®); ado-trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla®); aflibercept (Eylea®); alemtuzumab (Campath®); basiliximab (Simulect®); belimumab (Benlysta®); basiliximab (Simulect®); belimumab (Benlysta®); brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris®); canakinumab (Ilaris®); certolizumab pegol (Cimzia®); daclizumab (Zenapax®); daratumumab (Darzalex®); denosumab (Prolia®); eculizumab (Soliris®); efalizumab (Raptiva®); gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg®); golimumab (Simponi®); ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin®); infliximab (Remicade®); motavizumab (Numax®); natalizumab (Tysabri®); obinutuzumab (Gazyva®); ofatumumab (Arzerra®); omalizumab (Xolair®); palivizumab (Synagis®); pertuzumab (Perjeta®); pertuzumab (Perjeta®); ranibizumab (Lucentis®); raxibacumab (Abthrax®); tocilizumab (Actemra®); tositumomab; tositumomab-i-131; tositumomab and tositumomab-i-131 (Bexxar®); ustekinumab (Stelara®); AMG 102; AMG 386; AMG 479; AMG 655; AMG 706; AMG 745; and AMG 951. In some embodiments, an additional compound used in combination therapy with a compound of the present disclosure is selected from the group consisting of a CDK4 / 6 inhibitor (e.g., abemaciclib, palbociclib, or ribociclib), a KRAS:GDP G12C inhibitor (e.g., AMG 510, MRTX 1257) or other mutant Ras:GDP inhibitor, a KRAS:GTP G12C inhibitor or other mutant Ras:GTP inhibitor, a MEK inhibitor (e.g., refametinib, selumetinib, trametinib, or cobimetinib), a SHP2 inhibitor (e.g., TNO155, RMC-4630), an ERK inhibitor, and an RTK inhibitor (e.g., an EGFR inhibitor). In some embodiments, an additional compound used in combination therapy with a compound of the present disclosure is selected from the group consisting of ABT- 737, AT-7519, carfilzomib, cobimetinib, danusertib, dasatinib, doxorubicin, GSK-343, JQ1, MLN-7243, NVP-ADW742, paclitaxel, palbociclib and volasertib. In some embodiments, an additional compound used in combination therapy with a compound of the present disclosure is selected from the group consisting of neratinib, acetinib and reversine. The compounds described herein can be used in combination with the agents disclosed herein or other suitable agents, depending on the condition being treated. Hence, in some embodiments the one or more compounds of the disclosure will be co-administered with other therapies as described herein. When used in combination therapy, the compounds described herein may be administered with the second agent simultaneously or separately. This administration in combination can include simultaneous administration of the two agents in the same dosage form, simultaneous administration in separate dosage forms, and separate administration. That is, a compound described herein and any of the agents described herein can be formulated together in the same dosage form and administered simultaneously. Alternatively, a compound of the present disclosure and any of the therapies described herein can be simultaneously administered, wherein both the agents are present in separate formulations. In another alternative, a compound of the present disclosure can be administered and followed by any of the therapies described herein, or vice versa. In some embodiments of the separate administration protocol, a compound of the present disclosure and any of the therapies described herein are administered a few minutes apart, or a few hours apart, or a few days apart. In some embodiments, a combination therapeutic regimen employs two therapeutic agents, one compound of the present disclosure and a second selected from the therapeutic agents described herein. In some embodiments, a combination therapeutic regimen employs three therapeutic agents, one compound of the present disclosure and two selected from the therapeutic agents described herein. In some embodiments, a combination therapeutic regimen employs four or more therapeutic agents, one compound of the present disclosure and three selected from the therapeutic agents described herein. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the first therapy (e.g., a compound of the disclosure) and one or more additional therapies are administered simultaneously or sequentially, in either order. The first therapeutic agent may be administered immediately, up to 1 hour, up to 2 hours, up to 3 hours, up to 4 hours, up to 5 hours, up to 6 hours, up to 7 hours, up to, 8 hours, up to 9 hours, up to 10 hours, up to 11 hours, up to 12 hours, up to 13 hours, 14 hours, up to hours 16, up to 17 hours, up 18 hours, up to 19 hours up to 20 hours, up to 21 hours, up to 22 hours, up to 23 hours, up to 24 hours, or up to 1-7, 1-14, 1-21 or 1-30 days before or after the one or more additional therapies. In this section, all references are incorporated by reference for the agents described, whether explicitly stated as such or not. 6. Kits Another aspect of the present disclosure provides kits comprising the compound of any one of the formulae described above or pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compound of any one of the formulae described above of the present disclosure. A kit may include, in addition to the compound of any one of the formulae described above, of the present disclosure or pharmaceutical composition thereof, diagnostic or therapeutic agents. A kit may also include instructions for use in a diagnostic or therapeutic method. In some embodiments, the kit includes the compound of any one of the formulae described above, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof and a diagnostic agent. In other embodiments, the kit includes the compound of any one of the formulae described above, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof. In yet another embodiment, the present disclosure comprises kits that are suitable for use in performing the methods of treatment described herein. In one embodiment, the kit contains a first dosage form comprising one or more of the compounds of the present disclosure in quantities sufficient to carry out the methods of the present disclosure. In another embodiment, the kit comprises one or more compounds of the present disclosure in quantities sufficient to carry out the methods of the present disclosure and a container for the dosage and a container for the dosage. 7. Preparation The compounds of any one of the formulae described above, may be prepared by the general and specific methods described below, using the common general knowledge of one skilled in the art of synthetic organic chemistry. Such common general knowledge can be found in standard reference books such as Comprehensive Organic Chemistry, Ed. Barton and Ollis, Elsevier; Comprehensive Organic Transformations: A Guide to Functional Group Preparations, Larock, John Wiley and Sons; and Compendium of Organic Synthetic Methods, Vol. I-XII (published by Wiley-Interscience). The starting materials used herein are commercially available or may be prepared by routine methods known in the art. In the preparation of the compounds of any one of the formulae described above, it is noted that some of the preparation methods described herein may require protection of remote functionality (e.g., primary amine, secondary amine, carboxyl in any one of the formulae described above precursors). The need for such protection will vary depending on the nature of the remote functionality and the conditions of the preparation methods. The need for such protection is readily determined by one skilled in the art. The use of such protection / deprotection methods is also within the skill in the art. For a general description of protecting groups and their use, see Greene, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1991. For example, certain compounds contain primary amines or carboxylic acid functionalities which may interfere with reactions at other sites of the molecule if left unprotected. Accordingly, such functionalities may be protected by an appropriate protecting group which may be removed in a subsequent step. Suitable protecting groups for amine and carboxylic acid protection include those protecting groups commonly used in peptide synthesis (such as N-t-butoxycarbonyl (Boc), benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz), and 9-fluorenylmethylenoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) for amines, and lower alkyl or benzyl esters for carboxylic acids) which are generally not chemically reactive under the reaction conditions described and can typically be removed without chemically altering other functionality in the any one of the formulae described above compounds. The Schemes described below are intended to provide a general description of the methodology employed in the preparation of the compounds of the present disclosure. Some of the compounds of the present present disclosure may contain single or multiple chiral centers with the stereochemical designation (R) or (S). It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that all of the synthetic transformations can be conducted in a similar manner whether the materials are enantioenriched or racemic. Moreover, the resolution to the desired optically active material may take place at any desired point in the sequence using well known methods such as described herein and in the chemistry literature. EXAMPLES Abbreviations ACN Acetonitrile BINAP (2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl) BPOD Phenylphosphonic dichloride DAST Diethylaminosulfur trifluoride DCM Dichloromethane DIEA N,N-Diisopropylethylamine DIPEA N,N-Diisopropylethylamine DMAP 4-Dimethylaminopyridine DMF N,N-dimethylformamide DMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide Dppf 1,1'-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene EA Ethyl acetate EtOAc Ethyl acetate FA Formic Acid HATU N-[(Dimethylamino)-lH-l,2,3-triazolo-[4,5-b]pyridin-l-ylmethylene]-N methylmethanaminium hexafluorophosphate N-oxide HPLC High performance liquid chromatography i-PrOH Isopropyl alcohol LC-MS Liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry LiHMDS Lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide MeOH Methanol Mn(TMHD)3 Tris(dipivaloylmethanato)manganese (III) Pd2(dba)3 Tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) Pd(dppf)Cl2 Dichloro[l, l'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium PE Petroleum ether Prep-HPLC Preparative-scale high performance liquid chromatography RockPhos Pd G3 [(2-Di-tert-butylphosphino-3-methoxy-6-methyl-2′,4′,6′-triisopropyl-1,1′- biphenyl)-2-(2-aminobiphenyl)]palladium(II) methanesulfonate RT Room Temperature Ruphos 2-Dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,6′-diisopropoxybiphenyl t-BuXPhos-Pd-G3 [(2-Di-tert-butylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropyl-1,1′-biphenyl)-2-(2′-amino-1,1′- biphenyl)] palladium(II) methanesulfonate TEA Triethylamine THF Tetrahydrofuran Xantphos 4,5-Bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene Section 1. Synthetic Processes to Prepare Intermediates Intermediate 72 Step 1: A solution of tert-butyl 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridine-1- carboxylate (1.00 g, 3.23 mmol) in HCl（5.0 mL, 4.0 M in EtOAc, 20.0 mmol）was stirred at 25 °C for 4 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to afford 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (500 mg, 74% yield). The crude product was used in the next step directly without further purification. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+210.1. Step 2: To a mixture of 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (30.0 mg, 143 μmol) in Dichloromethane (5.0 mL) was added Triethylamine (43.6 mg, 430 μmol, 60.0 μL), followed by N,N-dimethyl carbamoyl chloride (15.4 mg, 143 μmol, 13.2 μL) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 2.5 h before it was diluted with 5.0 mL water. The mixture was extracted with DCM (3 × 20 mL). The organic phase was washed with brine (3 × 50 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to afford N,N-dimethyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolan-2-yl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridine-1-carboxamide (30.0 mg, 75% yield) as a yellow solid which was used in the next step directly without further purification. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+281.1. Intermediate 73 Step 1: To a stirred solution of Triphosgene (1.85 g, 6.24 mmol) in Dichloromethane (25.0 mL) was added methanol (200 mg, 6.24 mmol, 253 μL) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 10 min before Pyridine (1.48 g, 18.7 mmol, 1.5 mL) in Dichloromethane (1.0 mL) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at 5 °C for 1 h before it was diluted with Dichloromethane (25.0 mL) and washed with water (3 × 5 mL). The organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give the crude product (300 mg, 51% yield) as a liquid oil which was used in the next step without further purification. Step 2: To a mixture of 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (44.3 mg, 212 μmol) in Dichloromethane (5.0 mL) was added Triethylamine (64.3 mg, 635 μmol, 88.5 μL), followed by methyl carbonochloridate (20.0 mg, 212 μmol) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 2.5 h before it was diluted with water (10.0 mL). The mixture was extracted with DCM (3 × 20 mL), washed with brine (3 × 50 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford methyl 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridine-1- carboxylate (30.0 mg, 53% yield) as a yellow solid which was used in the next step directly without further purification. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+268.1. Intermediate 74 A mixture of 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (100 mg, 478 μmol), 2-bromooxazole (70.8 mg, 478 μmol) and K2CO3(198.3 mg, 1.43 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (3.0 mL) at 25 °C. The mixture was warmed to 80 °C and stirred at that temperature for 4 h before it was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by pre- HPLC with MeCN in water to give 2-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-3,6-dihydro- 2H-pyridin-1-yl]oxazole (20.0 mg, 15% yield) as a light-yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+277.2. Intermediate 75 A mixture of 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (200 mg, 957 μmol), 2-hydroxyacetic acid (72.7 mg, 957 μmol, 57.3 μL) and DIPEA (371 mg, 2.87 mmol, 500 μL) was dissolved in THF (5.0 mL) at 0 °C before HATU (363.7 mg, 957 μmol) was added slowly at 0 °C. The reaction was warmed to 25 °C and stirred at that temperature for 4 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel and further purified by pre-HPLC with MeCN in water to give 2-hydroxy-1-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolan-2-yl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridin-1-yl]ethanone (100 mg, 39% yield) as a white solid. LC- MS: m / z [M+H]+268.2. Intermediate 76 A mixture of 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)cyclohex-3-en-1-amine (30.0 mg, 134 μmol), 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (31.2 mg, 134 μmol, 19.4 μL) and Potassium carbonate (55.8 mg, 403 μmol) was dissolved in Dioxane (5.0 mL) at 25 °C. The reaction was warmed to 80 °C and stirred at that temperature for 4 h. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by pre-HPLC with MeCN in water to give 4-(4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)cyclohex-3-en-1-amine (30.0 mg, 73% yield) as a light-yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+306.2. Intermediate 77 A mixture of 2-[4-(bromomethyl)-3-fluoro-phenyl]-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (50.0 mg, 159 μmol) and Methylamine (2.0 mL, 7.0 M in MeOH, 14 mmol) in Methanol was stirred at 25 °C for 2 h before the solvent was removed in vacuo to give 1-[2-fluoro-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl]-N-methyl-methanamine (30.0 mg, 71% yield) as a light-yellow oil which was used in the next step without further purification. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+266.2. Intermediate 78 A mixture of 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (50.0 mg, 239 μmol), 3-bromopropanenitrile (32.0 mg, 239 μmol, 19.8 μL) and Potassium carbonate (99.2 mg, 717 μmol) was dissolved in Dioxane (5.0 mL) at 25 °C. The reaction was warmed to 60 °C and stirred at that temperature for 12 h before it was used in the next step directly without further purification. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+263.1. Intermediate 79 A mixture of 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (50.0 mg, 239 μmol), 1-bromo-2-fluoro-ethane (30.4 mg, 239 μmol) and Potassium carbonate (99.2 mg, 717 μmol) was dissolved in Dioxane (5.0 mL) at 25 °C. The reaction was warmed to 60 °C and stirred at that temperature for 12 h before it was used in the next step directly without further purification. LC- MS: m / z [M+H]+256.1. Intermediate 80 A mixture of 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (50.0 mg, 239 μmol), 2-bromo-5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (39.0 mg, 239 μmol) and Potassium Carbonate (99.0 mg, 717 μmol) was dissolved in Dioxane (5 mL) at 25 °C. The reaction was warmed to 60 °C and stirred at that temperature for 3 h before the solvent was removed in vacuo to give 2-methyl-5-[4- (4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridin-1-yl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole (30.0 mg, 43% yield) which was used in the next step directly without further purification. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+292.1. Intermediate 81 Step 1: A mixture of tert-butyl N-methyl-N-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)cyclohex-3-en-1- yl]carbamate (40.0 mg, 119 μmol) in HCl (3.0 mL, 4.0 M in EtOAc, 12 mmol) was stirred at 25 °C for 4 h before the reaction was concentrated in vacuo to afford N-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolan-2-yl)cyclohex-3-en-1-amine (20.0 mg, 71% yield) which was used in the next step directly without further purification. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+238.1. Step 2: To a mixture of N-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)cyclohex-3-en-1-amine (20.0 mg, 84.3 μmol) in Dichloromethane (5.0 mL) was added Triethylamine (25.6 mg, 253 μmol, 35.3 μL), followed by Acetyl chloride (7.9 mg, 101 μmol, 6.1 μL) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred for 2.5 h at 0 °C before it was diluted with 5.0 mL water. The mixture was extracted with DCM (3 × 20 mL). The combined organic phase was washed with brine (3 × 50 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to afford N-methyl-N-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolan-2-yl)cyclohex-3-en-1-yl]acetamide (20.0 mg, 85% yield) as a yellow solid which was used in the next step directly without further purification. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+280.2. Intermediate 82 A mixture of 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)cyclohex-3-en-1-amine (30.0 mg, 134 μmol), 2-bromo-5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (21.9 mg, 134 μmol) and Potassium Carbonate (55.7 mg, 403 μmol) was dissolved in Dioxane (5.0 mL) at 25 °C. The reaction was warmed to 60 °C and stirred at that temperature for 3 h before the solvent was removed in vacuo to offord 5-methyl-N-[4- (4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)cyclohex-3-en-1-yl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-amine (15.0 mg, 37% yield) which was used in the next step directly without further purification. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+306.2. Intermediate 83 To a mixture of N-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)cyclohex-3-en-1-amine (15.0 mg, 63.3 μmol) in Dichloromethane (5.0 mL) was added Triethylamine (19.2 mg, 190 μmol, 26.5 μL), followed by 2-cyanoacetyl chloride (6.6 mg, 63 μmol) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at that temperature for 2.5 h before it was diluted with 5.0 mL water and extracted with DCM (3 × 20 mL). The organic phase was washed with brine (3 × 20 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to afford 2-cyano-N-methyl-N-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan- 2-yl)cyclohex-3-en-1-yl]acetamide (10.0 mg, 52% yield) as a yellow solid which was used in the next step directly without further purification. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+305.2. Intermediate 84 To a stirred solution of 1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-one (86.2 mg, 552 μmol) and 1,1,1-trifluoro-N- phenyl-N-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methanesulfonamide (237 mg, 662 μmol) in THF (10.0 mL) was added Lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (0.83 mL, 1.0 M in THF, 830 μmol) at −78°C. The mixture is stirred at that temperature for 2 h before it was quenched with water, extracted with diethyl ether. The organic phase was dried over MgSO4 and the solvent was removed in vacuo to give 1,4- dioxaspiro[4.5]dec-7-en-8-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate (50.0 mg, 31% yield) as a yellow oil which was used in the next directly without further purification. Intermediate 85 To a stirred solution of 1-azaspiro[4.5]decane-2,8-dione (100 mg, 598 μmol) and 1,1,1-trifluoro-N- phenyl-N-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methanesulfonamide (214 mg, 598 μmol) in THF (10.0 mL) was added Lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (0.90 mL, 1.0 M in THF, 900 μmol) at −78°C. The mixture is stirred at that temperature for 2 h before it was quenched with water, extracted with diethyl ether. The organic phase was dried over MgSO4 and the solvent was removed in vacuo to give (2-oxo-1- azaspiro[4.5]dec-7-en-8-yl) trifluoromethanesulfonate (50.0 mg, 28% yield) as a yellow oil which was used in the next directly without further purification.

[0003] Intermediate 86 A mixture of 2-bromo-5-iodo-pyridine (100 mg, 352 μmol), 2-methylbut-3-yn-2-ol (29.6 mg, 352 μmol, 34.3 μL), Bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) chloride (24.7 mg, 35.2 μmol), Cuprous iodide (3.4 mg, 18 μmol) and Triethylamine (107 mg, 1.06 mmol, 147 μL) was dissolved in Toluene (10.0 mL) at 25 °C. The reaction was warmed to 110 °C and stirred at that temperature for 3 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel eluting with EtOAc / petroleum ether with EtOAc from 0 to 30% to give 4-(6-bromo-3-pyridyl)-2- methyl-but-3-yn-2-ol (50.0 mg, 60% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+240.2. Intermediate 87 Step 1: A mixture of 1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-one (500 mg, 3.20 mmol), 4-aminobutanoic acid (495 mg, 4.80 mmol), Triethylamine (972 mg, 9.60 mmol, 1.34 mL) and Sodium triacetoxyborohydride (1.02 g, 4.80 mmol) in 1,2-Dichloroethane (10.0 mL) was stirred at 25 °C for 24 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with water, extracted with Dichloromethane (3 × 80 mL). The organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered and the solvent was removed in vacuo to give 1-(1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8- yl)pyrrolidin-2-one (500 mg, 69% yield) as a light brown oil which was used in the next step without further purification. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+226.2. Step 2: A mixture of 1-(1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-yl)pyrrolidin-2-one (500 mg, 2.22 mmol) in hydrochloric acid (10.0 mL, 4.0 mol / L in EtOAc, 40.0 mmol) was stirred at 25 °C for 8 h before the solvent was removed in vacuo to give 1-(4-oxocyclohexyl)pyrrolidin-2-one (300 mg, 75% yield) as yellow solid which was used in the next step without further purification. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+182.2. Step 3: To a stirred solution of 1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-one (86.2 mg, 552 μmol) and 1,1,1-trifluoro-N- phenyl-N-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methanesulfonamide (237 mg, 662 μmol) in THF (10.0 mL) was added Lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (0.83 mL, 1.0 M in THF, 830 μmol) at −78°C. The mixture is stirred at that temperature for 2 h before it was quenched with water, extracted with diethyl ether. The organic phase was dried over MgSO4 and the solvent was removed in vacuo to give 1,4- dioxaspiro[4.5]dec-7-en-8-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate (50.0 mg, 31% yield) as a yellow oil which was used in the next directly without further purification. Intermediate 88 Step 1: To a stirred solution of 5-bromo-2-fluoro-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (400 mg, 978 μmol) and oxetan-3- amine (85.8 mg, 1.2 mmol) in DMSO (5.0 mL) at room temperature was added TEA (396 mg, 3.9 mmol, 545 μL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 min before it was quenched with 1.0 mL water. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was purified by pre-HPLC to give 6-bromo-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-2- (hydroxymethyl)-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (300 mg, 66% yield) as a yellow oil. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+462.9, 464.9. Step 2: To a stirred solution of 6-bromo-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-2- (hydroxymethyl)-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (300 mg, 649 μmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added DAST (209 mg, 1.30 mmol, 172 μL) slowly at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 4 h before ice water (1.0 mL) was added. The solvent was removed in vacuo and he residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel eluting with EA / PE with EA from 0 to 100% to give 6-bromo-2-(fluoromethyl)-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-2,3- dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (150 mg, 50% yield) as a colorless oil. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+464.9, 466.9. Intermediate 90 To a stirred solution of 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (100 mg, 478 μmol) in Methanol (4.0 mL) was added oxetan-3-one (69.0 mg, 957 μmol, 61.0 μL) at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 30 min before NaBH3CN (60.0 mg, 956 μmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 2 h before it was treated with water and extracted with EA (2×20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give 1-(oxetan-3-yl)-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan- 2-yl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (60.0 mg, 47% yield) as a white solid which was used in the next step without further purification. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+266.1. Intermediate 91 Step1: To a stirred solution of tert-butyl (3S,4R)-4-amino-3-fluoropiperidine-1-carboxylate (100 mg, 458 μmol) in DCM (2.0 mL) was added TEA (46.0 mg, 458 μmol, 64.0 μL) and acetyl chloride (43.0 mg, 550 μmol, 33.0 μL) dropwise at 0 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 2 h before it was treated with water. The mixture was extracted with DCM (2 × 10 mL) and the combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give tert-butyl (3S,4R)-4-acetamido-3-fluoropiperidine-1-carboxylate (100 mg, 83 % yield) as a yellow oil which was used in the next step without purification. LC-MS: m / z [M+H-56]+205.1. Step2: To a stirred solution of (3S,4R)-4-acetamido-3-fluoropiperidine-1-carboxylate (100 mg, 384 μmol) in DCM (2.0 mL) was added TFA (745 mg, 6.53 mmol, 0.5 mL) at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 2 h before it was concentrated under reduced pressure to give N-((3S,4R)-3-fluoropiperidin-4- yl)acetamide (50.0 mg, 81 % yield) as a yellow oil which was used in the next step without purification. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+161.1. Intermediate 92 Step1: To a stirred solution of 1-benzylpiperidin-4-amine (500 mg, 2.63 mmol, 537 μL) in AcOH (3.0 mL) was added dihydrofuran-2,5-dione (263 mg, 2.63 mmol) at 25 °C. The reaction mixture was warmed to 100 °C and stirred at that temperature for 10 h. The mixture was cooled to 25 °C and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc (15 mL) and treated with aq. NaHCO3. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×15 mL) and the combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with MeOH / DCM with MeOH from 0 to 5 % in 20 min to give 1-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione (364 mg, 51 % yield) as a white solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+273.1. Step2: To a stirred solution of 1-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione (160 mg, 587 μmol) in Methanol (5.0 mL) was added Pd / C (30.0 mg, 10% wt., 282 μmol) at 25 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 18 h under hydrogen atmosphere (balloon). The mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give 1-(piperidin-4-yl)pyrrolidine- 2,5-dione (80.0 mg, 75 % yield) as a colorless oil which was used in the next step without purification. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+183.1. Intermediate 93 and 94 Step1: To a stirred solution of benzyl 3-fluoro-4-oxopiperidine-1-carboxylate (1.00 g, 3.98 mmol) in THF (5.0 mL) was added Methylmagnesium Bromide (5.2 mL, 1.0 M in THF, 5.2 mmol) at −78 °C slowly. The mixture was stirred at −78 °C for 2 h before it was quenched with aq. NH4Cl and extracted with EtOAc (3 × 20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with EtOAc / petroleum ether with EtOAc from 0 to 50 % in 20 min to give (cis, rac)-benzyl-3- fluoro-4-hydroxy-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate (500 mg, 47 % yield) as a colorless oil, LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+268.0, and (trans, rac)-benzyl-3-fluoro-4-hydroxy-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylateas (80.0 mg, 8 % yield) as a colorless oil, LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+268.0. Step2: To a stirred solution of (cis, rac)-benzyl)-3-fluoro-4-hydroxy-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate (180 mg, 673 μmol) in Ethanol (4.0 mL) was added Pd(OH)2(60.0 mg, 427 μmol) at 25 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 18 h under hydrogen atmosphere (balloon). The mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give (cis, rac)-3- fluoro-4-methylpiperidin-4-ol (80.0 mg, 89 % yield) as a colorless oil which was used in the next step without purification. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+134.1. Step3: To a stirred solution of (trans, rac)-benzyl-3-fluoro-4-hydroxy-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylateas (80.0 mg, 299 μmol) in Ethanol (2.0 mL) was added Pd(OH)2 (20.0 mg, 142 μmol) at 25 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 18h under hydrogen atmosphere (balloon). The mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give (trans, rac)-3-fluoro-4-methylpiperidin-4-ol (30.0 mg, 75% yield) as a colorless oil which was used in the next step without purification. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+134.1. Intermediate 95 Step 1: To a stirred solution of 4-bromo-1H-pyrazole (675 mg, 4.59 mmol) and 2-bromocyclobutan-1-one (1.03 g, 6.89 mmol) in ACN (10.0 mL) was added K2CO3 (1.27 g, 9.19 mmol) at 25 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 18 h. Then the mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with EtOAc / petroleum ether with EtOAc from 0 to 30 % in 20 min to give 2-(4-bromo-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)cyclobutan-1-one (575 mg, 58% yield) as a white solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+214.9. Step 2: To a stirred solution of 2-(4-bromo-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)cyclobutan-1-one (527 mg, 2.45 mmol) in Methanol (5.0 mL) was added NaBH4 (93.0 mg, 2.45 mmol) at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 3 h before it was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc (10 mL) and treated with NH4CI aq. (10 mL) before it was extracted with EtOAc (3 × 10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with EtOAc / petroleum ether with EtOAc from 0 to 30 % in 20 min to give 2-(4-bromo-1H-pyrazol-1- yl)cyclobutan-1-ol (120 mg, 23% yield) as a white oil. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+216.9. Step 3: To a stirred solution of 2-(4-bromo-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)cyclobutan-1-ol (120 mg, 553 μmol) in 1,4- Dioxane (5.0 mL) were sequentially added 4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-octamethyl-2,2'-bi(1,3,2-dioxaborolane) (281 mg, 1.11 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl2(20.0 mg, 27.6 μmol) and KOAc (136 mg, 1.38 mmol) at 25 ℃. The mixture was warmed to 100 °C and stirred at that temperature for 18 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 25 ℃ and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 2-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)cyclobutan-1-ol (146 mg, 100% yield) which was used in the next step without purification. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+265.1. Intermediate 96 Step 1: To a solution of 3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane (3.10 g, 36.9 mmol) in NMP (50.0 mL) was added Cs2CO3 (24.0 g, 73.7 mmol) followed by 4-bromo-1H-pyrazole (5.42 g, 36.85 mmol) at 25 °C. The mixture was warmed to 120 °C and stirred at that temperature for 18 h. The reaction mixture was cooled down to 25 °C, poured on to water (150 mL) and extracted with CH2Cl2 (3 × 150 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water (3 × 150 mL), saturated aqueous NaCl (200 mL), dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (0-60% ethyl acetate / petroleum ether) to obtain (trans, rac)-4-(4-bromopyrazol-1-yl) tetrahydrofuran-3-ol (5.20 g, 61% yield) as a colorless solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+233.0. Step 2: To a stirred solution of (trans, rac)-4-(4-bromopyrazol-1-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol (100 mg, 429 μmol) in 1,4-Dioxane (6.0 mL) were sequentially added 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (218 mg, 858 μmol), Pd(dppf)Cl2 (15.7 mg, 21.5 μmol), KOAc (105 mg, 1.07 mmol) at 25 ℃. The mixture was warmed to 100 °C and stirred at that temperature for 12 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 25 ℃ to give (trans, rac)-4-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyrazol-1-yl]tetrahydrofuran-3-ol (120 mg, 100% yield) which was used in the next step without workup. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+281.1. Intermediate 97 Step 1: To a stirred solution of (trans, rac)-4-(4-bromopyrazol-1-yl) tetrahydrofuran-3-ol (2.50 g, 10.7 mmol), 4-nitrobenzoic acid (1.79 g, 10.7 mmol), and PPh3(4.22 g, 16.1 mmol) in dry THF (45.0 mL) was added a solution of DIAD (3.25 g, 16.1 mmol, 3.17 mL) in THF (10 ml) at 0°C. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 25 °C and stirred at that temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0 °C, quenched with H2O (30 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 × 50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water (50 mL), saturated aqueous sodium chloride (60 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (0-60% ethyl acetate / petroleum ether) to obtain [(cis, rac)-4-(4- bromopyrazol-1-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl] 4-nitrobenzoate (4.90 g) as a colorless solid which was used in the next step without further purification. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+382.0. Step 2: To a stirred solution of [(cis, rac)-4-(4-bromopyrazol-1-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl] 4-nitrobenzoate (4.90 g, 12.8 mmol) in THF (30 mL), MeOH (10 mL), and water (20 mL) was added LiOH (921 mg, 38.5 mmol) at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred at that temperature for 6 h before it was diluted with water (30 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 × 50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water (50 mL), saturated aqueous sodium chloride (50 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (0-60% ethyl acetate / petroleum ether) to obtain (cis, rac)-4-(4-bromopyrazol-1-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol (1.90 g, 64% yield) as a white solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+233.0. Step 3: To a stirred solution of (cis, rac)-4-(4-bromopyrazol-1-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol (200 mg, 858 μmol) and 4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-octamethyl-2,2'-bi(1,3,2-dioxaborolane) (262 mg, 1.03 mmol) in dioxane (6.0 mL) were sequentially added KOAc (168 mg, 1.72 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl2 (62.3 mg, 85.8 μmol) at 25 °C. The mixture was warmed to 100 °C and stirred at that temperature for 16 h before it was cooled and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain (cis, rac)-4-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol which was used in the next step without further purification. LC-MS (ESI+): m / z [M+H]+281.2. Intermediate 99 To a stirred solution of 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (80.0 mg, 383 μmol) and 3,4-dimethoxycyclobut-3-ene-1,2-dione (217 mg, 1.53 mmol) in DMF (3.0 mL) was added TEA (155 mg, 1.53 mmol, 213 μL) at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred at that temperature for 16 h before ice water was added and extracted with EA. The organic phase was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give 3-methoxy- 4-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-3,6-dihydropyridin-1(2H)-yl)cyclobut-3-ene-1,2- dione (100 mg, 82% yield) as a white solid which was used in the next step without further purification. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+320.2. Intermediate 100 To a stirred solution of 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (100 mg, 478 μmol) and formic acid (44.0 mg, 956 μmol, 36.1 μL) in DCM (3.0 mL) was added DIPEA (309 mg, 2.39 mmol, 416 μL) and HATU (273 mg, 717 μmol) at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred at that temperature for 2 h before ice water was added and extracted with DCM. The organic phase was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with DCM / MeOH with MeOH from 0 to 5 % in 30 min to give 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-3,6-dihydropyridine-1(2H)-carbaldehyde (111 mg, 98% yield) as a white solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+238.2. To a stirred solution of 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (50.0 mg, 239 μmol) in DCM (3.0 mL) was added dimethylphosphinic chloride (53.8 mg, 478 μmol) at 0 °C. The mixture was warmed to 25 °C and stirred at that temperature for 2 h. The mixture was treated with ice water and extracted with DCM. The organic phase was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with DCM / MeOH with MeOH from 0 to 6 % in 30 min to dimethyl(4- (4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-3,6-dihydropyridin-1(2H)-yl)phosphine oxide (65.0 mg, 95% yield) as a white solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+286.2. Intermediate 102 Step 1: To a stirred solution of DMF (5.48 g, 74.9 mmol, 5.80 mL) in CHCl3 (25 mL) was added PBr3 (19.9 g, 73.4 mmol, 6.90 mL) at 0 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at that temperature for 1 h before tetrahydropyran-4-one (2.00 g, 20.0 mmol, 1.85 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was warmed to 25 °C and stirred at that temperature for 8 h. The mixture was quenched with water (50 mL) and then extracted with DCM (50 mL × 3). The combined organic phases were dried over Na2SO4 and then filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was used in the next step without further purification. Step 2: To a stirred solution of 4-bromo-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carbaldehyde (3.80 g, 19.9 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) was added hydroxylamine hydrochloride (1.38 g, 19.9 mmol, 828 μL) at 25 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at that temperature for 1 h before T3P（50 wt. % in DMF, 6.33 g, 19.9 mmol, 4.50 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at that temperature for 8 h before it was quenched with NaHCO3 (50 mL) and then extracted with EtOAc (50 mL × 3). The combined organic phases were dried over Na2SO4 and then filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in DCM (20 mL) before SOCl2 (2.37 g, 19.9 mmol, 1.45 mL) was added at 0 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at that temperature for 1 h before it was quenched with NaHCO3 (50 mL) and then extracted with DCM (50 mL × 3). The combined organic phases were dried over Na2SO4 and then filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was filtered through a short pad of silica gel and used in the next step without further purification. Step 3: To a stirred solution of 4-bromo-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carbonitrile (188 mg, 1000 μmol) in dioxane (10.0 mL) were sequentially added 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (381 mg, 1.50 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl2 (73.2 mg, 100 μmol) and KOAc (245 mg, 2.50 mmol, 156 μL) at 25 ℃. The mixture was warmed to 100 ℃ and stirred at that temperature for 3 h before it was cooled and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was used in the next step without further purification. Intermediate 64 Step 1: To a stirred solution of 3-bromo-2-methylbenzonitrile (5.00 g, 25.5 mmol) in n-BuOH (50.0 mL) and was added NaHCO3(6.43 g, 76.5 mmol), Lithium trifluoromethane sulfonate (3.98 g, 25.5 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl2·DCM (2.08 g, 2.55 mmol) at 25°C. The mixture was warmed to 100 °C and stirred at that temperature for 20 h. The mixture was cooled to 25°C, 3 M HCl / WATER (3.0 mL) was added to the mixture. The mixture was stirred at 25°C for 1 h, diluted with EA and washed with brine, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. After filtration and evaporation of the solvent. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with EtOAc / petroleum ether with EtOAc from 0 to 10 % in 30 min to give 3-acetyl-2-methyl-benzonitrile (3.45 g, 85% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+160.0. Step 2: To a stirred solution of 3-acetyl-2-methyl-benzonitrile (3.45 g, 21.7 mmol) in THF (50.0 mL), (R)-(+)- 2-methyl-2-propanesulfinamide (3.94 g, 32.5 mmol) and titanium ethoxide(14.8 g, 65.0 mmol, 13.6 mL) were added at 25°C. The mixture was warmed to 80 °C and stirred at that temperature for 16 h. Then ice water and EA were added, and the aqueous layer was extracted with EA. The organic layers were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to give (R, E)-N-(1-(3-cyano-2-methylphenyl)ethylidene)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide (5.60 g, 98% yield), which was used without further purification in the next step. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+262.0. Step 3: To a stirred solution of (R, E)-N-[1-(3-cyano-2-methyl-phenyl)ethylidene]-2-methyl-propane-2- sulfinamide (5.60 g, 21.3 mmol) in THF(60.0 mL), Sodium borohydride (807 mg, 21.34 mmol) was added at 0 °C. The mixture was warmed to 25°C and stirred at that temperature for 6 h. Then ice water and EA were added. The aqueous layer was extracted with EA, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with EtOAc / petroleum ether with EtOAc from 0 to 33 % in 30 min to give (R)- N-[1-(3-cyano-2-methyl-phenyl)ethyl]-2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinamide (4.35 g, 77% yield) as a yellow oil. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+264.0. Step 4: To a stirred solution of (R)-N-[1-(3-cyano-2-methyl-phenyl)ethyl]-2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinamide (4.35 g, 16.5 mmol) in EtOH (40.0 mL) was added 4 N HCl in dioxane (40.0 mL) at 25°C. The mixture was stirred for 1.5 h at 25°C. The solution was removed in vacuum and the solid was collected and diluted with water. The mixture was adjusted to pH = 8 by aq. NaHCO3 and extracted with EA (3 × 100 mL). The combined organic layers were concentrated to give (R)-3-(1-aminoethyl)-2- methylbenzonitrile (2.5 g, 15.60 mmol, 94.84% yield) as a light-yellow oil. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+161.0. Intermediate 48 Step1: To a stirred solution of 5-bromo-N-[(1R)-1-[3-(difluoromethyl)-2-fluoro-phenyl]ethyl]-2-fluoro- pyridine-3-carboxamide (100 mg, 256 μmol) in DMSO (2.0 mL) were sequentially added (2S)-2- aminopropan-1-ol (96.0 mg, 1.28 mmol, 99.5 μL) and TEA (129 mg, 1.28 mmol, 178 μL) at 25 °C. The reaction mixture was warmed to 90 °C and stirred at that temperature for 3 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 25 °C, quenched with sat. aq. NaHCO3(10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (50 mL × 2). The combined organic phases were dried over Na2SO4 and then filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with EtOAc / petroleum ether with EtOAc from 0 to 100% in 20 min to give 5-bromo-N-[(1R)-1-[3-(difluoromethyl)-2-fluoro- phenyl]ethyl]-2-[[(1S)-2-hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl]amino]pyridine-3-carboxamide (90 mg, 79% yield) as a clear oil. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+446.5. Step 2: To a stirred solution of 5-bromo-N-[(1R)-1-[3-(difluoromethyl)-2-fluoro-phenyl]ethyl]-2-[[(1S)-2- hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl]amino]pyridine-3-carboxamide (90 mg, 202 μmol) in DCM (2.0 mL) were sequentially added TEA (204 mg, 2.02 mmol, 281 μL)and methylsulfonyl methanesulfonate (105 mg, 605 μmol) at 25 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at that temperature for 10 min before it was quenched with sat. aq. NaHCO3 (5.0 mL) and extracted with DCM (30 mL × 2). The combined organic phases were dried over Na2SO4 and then filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with EtOAc / petroleum ether with EtOAc from 0 to 100% in 20 min to give (2S)-6-bromo-N-[(1R)-1-[3-(difluoromethyl)-2-fluoro-phenyl]ethyl]- 2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (25.0 mg, 29% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+428.5. Intermediate 49 Step 1: To a stirred solution of 2,5-dichloro-N-[(1R)-1-[3-(difluoromethyl)-2-fluoro-phenyl]ethyl]pyridine-3- carboxamide (100 mg, 275 μmol) in DMSO (2.0 mL) were sequentially added (2S)-2-aminopropan-1- ol (103 mg, 1.38 mmol, 107 μL) and TEA (139 mg, 1.38 mmol, 192 μL) at 25 °C. The reaction mixture was warmed to 90 °C and stirred at that temperature for 3 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 25 °C, quenched with sat. aq. NaHCO3 (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (50 mL × 2). The combined organic phases were dried over Na2SO4 and then filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with EtOAc / petroleum ether with EtOAc from 0 to 100% in 20 min to give 6-chloro-N-[(1R)-1-[3-(difluoromethyl)-2-fluoro-phenyl]ethyl]-3- [[(1S)-2-hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl]amino]pyridazine-4-carboxamide (78.0 mg, 71% yield) as a clear oil. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+402.6. Step 2: To a stirred solution of 6-chloro-N-[(1R)-1-[3-(difluoromethyl)-2-fluoro-phenyl]ethyl]-3-[[(1S)-2- hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl]amino]pyridazine-4-carboxamide (78 mg, 194 μmol) in DCM (2.0 mL) were sequentially added TEA (196 mg, 1.94 mmol, 270 μL) and methylsulfonyl methanesulfonate (101 mg, 581 μmol) at 25 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at that temperature for 10 min before it was quenched with sat. aq. NaHCO3 (5.0 mL) and extracted with DCM (30 mL × 2). The combined organic phases were dried over Na2SO4and then filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with EtOAc / petroleum ether with EtOAc from 0 to 100% in 20 min to give (2S)-6-chloro-N-[(1R)-1-[3-(difluoromethyl)-2-fluoro-phenyl]ethyl]- 2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-8-carboxamide (40.0 mg, 54% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+385.6. Intermediate 50 Step 1: To a stirred solution of (R)-1-(3-(difluoromethyl)-2-fluorophenyl)ethan-1-amine (3.00 g, 15.9 mmol) and 5-bromo-2-fluoronicotinic acid (4.19 g, 19.0 mmol) in DCM (30.0 mL) and pyridine (10.0 mL) was added phosphoryl trichloride (7.29 g, 47.6 mmol, 4.43 mL) at 0 °C. The mixture was warmed to 25 °C and stirred at that temperature for 2 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with icy water and extracted with DCM. The organic phase was washed with brine and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with DCM / MeOH with MeOH from 0 to 5 % in 30 min to give (R)-5- bromo-N-(1-(3-(difluoromethyl)-2-fluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-fluoronicotinamide (5.60 g, 90% yield) as a white solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+392.2. Step 2: To a stirred solution of 5-bromo-N-[(1R)-1-[3-(difluoromethyl)-2-fluoro-phenyl]ethyl]-2-fluoro- pyridine-3-carboxamide (6.40 g, 16.4 mmol) and (R)-2-aminopropan-1-ol (1.47 g, 19.6 mmol) in DMSO (70.0 mL) was added TEA (4.97 g, 49.1 mmol, 6.84 mL) at 25°C. The mixture was warmed to 80 °C and stirred at that temperature for 6 h. Then the mixture was cooled, diluted with EA and washed with brine. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum to give 5-bromo-N-((R)-1-(3-(difluoromethyl)-2-fluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-(((R)-1- hydroxypropan-2-yl)amino)nicotinamide (7.30 g, 99% yield) as a yellow oil. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+447.2. Step 3: To a stirred solution of 5-bromo-N-[(1R)-1-[3-(difluoromethyl)-2-fluoro-phenyl]ethyl]-2-[[(1R)-2- hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl]amino]pyridine-3-carboxamide (7.30 g, 16.4 mmol) in DCM (100 mL) was added TEA (8.28 g, 81.8 mmol, 11.4 mL) and methane sulfonic anhydride (5.70 g, 32.72 mmol) at 25°C. The mixture was stirred for 30 min at 25°C. Then the mixture was quenched with water, diluted with DCM and washed with brine. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with DCM / MeOH with MeOH from 0 to 2 % in 30 min to give (R)- 6-bromo-N-((R)-1-(3-(difluoromethyl)-2-fluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2- a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (6.40 g, 91% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+429.0. Intermediate 71 Step 1: To a stirred solution of (R)-1-(2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethan-1-amine(3.00 g, 14.5 mmol), 5-bromo-2-fluoronicotinic acid (3.82 g, 17.4 mmol) in DCM (30.0 mL) and pyridine (10.0 mL), was added phosphoryl trichloride (6.66 g, 43.4 mmol, 4.05 mL) at 0 °C. The mixture was warmed to 25 °C and stirred at that temperature for 2 h. The reaction mixture was added ice water and extracted with DCM, the organic phase was washed with brine and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with DCM / MeOH with MeOH from 0 to 5 % in 30 min to give 5-bromo-2- fluoro-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (5.30 g, 89% yield) as a white solid, LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+410.2. Step 2: To a stirred solution of 5-bromo-2-fluoro-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (5.30 g, 12.9 mmol) and (R)-2-aminopropan- 1-ol (1.17 g, 15.5 mmol) in DMSO (60.0 mL) was added TEA (3.93 g, 38.9 mmol, 5.42 mL) at 25°C. The mixture was warmed to 80 °C and stirred at that temperature for 6 h. Then the mixture was diluted with EA and washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give 5-bromo-N-((R)-1-(2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-(((S)-1-hydroxypropan- 2-yl)amino)nicotinamide (5.80 g, , 96% yield) as a yellow oil, LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+465.2. Step 3: To a stirred solution of 5-bromo-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-2-[[(1S)-2- hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl]amino]pyridine-3-carboxamide (5.80 g, 12.49 mmol) in DCM (100.0 mL) was added TEA (6.32 g, 62.5 mmol, 8.71 mL) and methane sulfonic anhydride (4.35 g, 25.0 mmol) at 25°C. The mixture was stirred for 30 min at 25°C. Then the mixture was quenched with water, diluted with DCM and washed with brine and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. After filtration and evaporation of the solvent in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with DCM / MeOH with MeOH from 0 to 2 % in 30 min to give (R)-6-bromo- N-((R)-1-(2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8- carboxamide (4.80 g, 86% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+447.0. Intermediate 89 Step 1: To a stirred solution of 3,6-dichloro-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]pyridazine- 4-carboxamide (2.00 g, 5.23 mmol) and 2-amino-2-methyl-propan-1-ol (467 mg, 5.23 mmol) in DMSO (5.0 mL) was added Caesium fluoride (954 mg, 6.28 mmol) at 25 °C. The mixture was warmed to 80° C and stirred at that temperature for 3 h. The solvent was removed in vauco and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel eluting with EtOAc / petroleum ether to give 6-chloro-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-3-[(2-hydroxy-1,1- dimethyl-ethyl)amino]pyridazine-4-carboxamide (1.00 g, 44% yield) as a yellow oil. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+435.1. Step 2: To a stirred solution of 6-chloro-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-3-[(2-hydroxy- 1,1-dimethyl-ethyl)amino]pyridazine-4-carboxamide (1.00 g, 2.30 mmol) and Triethylamine (1.16 g, 11.50 mmol, 1.60 mL) in Dichloromethane (10.0 mL) was added Methanesulfonic anhydride (801 mg, 4.60 mmol) slowly at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred at that temperature for 10 min before the solvent was removed in vauco. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel eluting with EtOAc / petroleum ether to give 6-chloro-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-2,2-dimethyl-3H-imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-8-carboxamide (700 mg, 73% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+417.1. Intermediate 98 Step1: To a stirred solution of (R)-3,6-dichloro-N-(1-(2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)pyridazine-4- carboxamide (2.00 g, 5.23 mmol) in DMSO (6.0 mL) were sequentially added (R)-1-((tert- butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)propan-2-amine (1.59 g, 8.37 mmol) and TEA (1.59 g, 15.7 mmol, 2.20 mL) at 25 °C. The reaction mixture was warmed to 90 °C and stirred at that temperature for 10 h. The mixture was diluted with water extracted with EtOAc (3 × 15 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with EtOAc / petroleum ether with EtOAc from 0 to 30 % in 20 min to give 3-(((R)-1-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)propan-2-yl)amino)-6-chloro- N-((R)-1-(2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)pyridazine-4-carboxamide (2.10 g, 71 % yield) as a light-yellow oil. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+535.2. Step2: To a stirred solution of 3-(((R)-1-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)propan-2-yl)amino)-6-chloro-N-((R)-1- (2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)pyridazine-4-carboxamide (2.10 g, 3.92 mmol) in THF (6.0 mL) was added TBAF (6.0 mL, 1.0 M in THF, 6.0 mmol) at 25 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 18 h before it was treated with water and extracted with EtOAc (3×15 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with EtOAc / petroleum ether with EtOAc from 0 to 50 % in 20 min to give 6-chloro-N-((R)-1-(2-fluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-3-(((R)-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)amino)pyridazine-4-carboxamide (1.60 g, 96 % yield) as a yellow oil. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+421.1. Step3: To a stirred solution of 6-chloro-N-((R)-1-(2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-3-(((R)-1- hydroxypropan-2-yl)amino)pyridazine-4-carboxamide (1.60 g, 3.80 mmol) in DCM (6.0 mL) were sequentially added TEA (1.92 g, 19.0 mmol, 2.6 mL) and Methanesulfonic anhydride (1.32 g, 7.60 mmol) at 25 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 1 h. The mixture was treated with water and extracted with DCM (3 × 15 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with EtOAc / petroleum ether with EtOAc from 0 to 30 % in 20 min to give (R)-6-chloro-N-((R)-1-(2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-methyl-2,3- dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-8-carboxamide (1.26 g, 82 % yield) as a red solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+403.1. Intermediate 132 Step To a stirred solution of (R)-5-bromo-N-(1-(3-(difluoromethyl)-2-fluorophenyl)ethyl)-2- fluoronicotinamide (200 mg, 511 μmol) and (R)-1-aminopropan-2-ol (76.8 mg, 1.02 mmol) in DMSO (3.0 mL) was added TEA (155 mg, 1.53 mmol, 214 μL) at 25 °C. The mixture was warmed to 80 °C and stirred at that temperature for 6 h before it was diluted with EA and washed with brine. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give 5-bromo-N-((R)-1-(3-(difluoromethyl)-2-fluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-(((R)-2- hydroxypropyl)amino)nicotinamide (228 mg, 99 % yield) as a yellow oil which was used in the next step without further purification. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+447.0. Step 1: To a stirred solution of 5-bromo-N-[(1R)-1-[3-(difluoromethyl)-2-fluoro-phenyl]ethyl]-2-[[(2R)-2- hydroxypropyl]amino]pyridine-3-carboxamide (228 mg, 511 μmol) in TEA (2.0 mL) and DCM (2.0 mL) was added Methane sulfonic anhydride (445 mg, 2.55 mmol) at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred for 16 h at 25 °C before it was quenched with water, diluted with DCM, washed with brine. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with dichloromethane / methanol with methanol from 0 to 2 % in 30 min to give (S)-6-bromo-N-((R)-1-(3-(difluoromethyl)-2-fluorophenyl)ethyl)-3-methyl- 2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (80.0 mg, 36% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+427.9. Intermediate 133 Step 1: To a stirred solution of (R)-5-bromo-N-(1-(3-(difluoromethyl)-2-fluorophenyl)ethyl)-2- fluoronicotinamide (200 mg, 511 μmol) and (S)-1-aminopropan-2-ol (76.8 mg, 1.02 mmol, 80.0 μL) in DMSO (3.0 mL) was added TEA (155 mg, 1.53 mmol, 214 μL) at 25 °C. The mixture was warmed to 80 °C and stirred at that temperature for 6 h before it was diluted with EA and washed with brine. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give 5- bromo-N-((R)-1-(3-(difluoromethyl)-2-fluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-(((S)-2- hydroxypropyl)amino)nicotinamide (226 mg, 99 % yield) as a yellow oil which was used in the next step without further purification. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+447.0. Step 2: To a stirred solution of 5-bromo-N-[(1R)-1-[3-(difluoromethyl)-2-fluoro-phenyl]ethyl]-2-[[(2S)-2- hydroxypropyl]amino]pyridine-3-carboxamide (226 mg, 510 μmol) in TEA (2.0 mL) and DCM (2.0 mL) was added Methane sulfonic anhydride (534 mg, 3.07 mmol) at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred for 16 h at 25 °C before it was quenched with water, diluted with DCM and washed with brine. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with dichloromethane / methanol with methanol from 0 to 2 % in 30 min to give (R)-6-bromo-N-((R)- 1-(3-(difluoromethyl)-2-fluorophenyl)ethyl)-3-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8- carboxamide (150 mg, 68% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+427.9. Intermediate 109 Step 1: To a stirred solution of 5-bromo-2-fluoro-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (200 mg, 489 μmol) in DMSO (5.0 mL) were added sequentially (1R,2R)-2-aminocyclopentanol (98.9 mg, 978 μmol) and TEA (247 mg, 2.44 mmol, 341 μL) at 25 °C. The mixture was warmed to 80 ° C and stirred at that temperature for 2 h before it was diluted with EA and washed with brine. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel eluting with EA / PE with EA from 0 to 100% to give 5-bromo-N-[(1R)- 1-[2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-2-[[(1R,2R)-2-hydroxycyclopentyl]amino]pyridine-3- carboxamide (150 mg, 63% yield) as a yellow oil. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+: 490.0 / 492.0. Step 2: To a stirred solution of 5-bromo-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-2-[[(1R,2R)-2- hydroxycyclopentyl]amino]pyridine-3-carboxamide (150 mg, 306 μmol) and Triethylamine (155 mg, 1.53 mmol, 213 μL) in Dichloromethane (10.0 mL) was added Methanesulfonic anhydride (107 mg, 612 μmol) slowly at 25 °C. The mixture was warmed to 60 °C and stirred at that temperature for 2 h before it was quenched 1.0 mL water. The solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel eluting with EA / PE with EA from 0 to 100% to give (2S,6R)-11-bromo-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-1,7- diazatricyclo[6.4.0.02,6]dodeca-7,9,11-triene-9-carboxamide (100 mg, 69% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+: 472.0 / 474.0. Intermediate 110 Step 1: To a stirred solution of 5-bromo-2-fluoro-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (200 mg, 489 μmol) in DMSO (5.0 mL) were added sequentially trans-4-amino-tetrahydrofuran-3-ol (50.4 mg, 489 μmol) and TEA (148 mg, 1.47 mmol, 204 μL) at 25 °C. The mixture was warmed to 80 °C and stirred at that temperature for 2 h before it was quenched with 1.0 mL water. The solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel eluting with EA / PE with EA from 0 to 100% to give 5-bromo-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-2-[[(3R,4S)-4- hydroxytetrahydrofuran-3-yl]amino]pyridine-3-carboxamide (100 mg, 42% yield) as a yellow oil. LC- MS: m / z [M+H]+: 491.9 / 493.9. Step 2: To a stirred solution of 5-bromo-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-2-[[(3R,4S)-4- hydroxytetrahydrofuran-3-yl]amino]pyridine-3-carboxamide (60.0 mg, 122 μmol) and Triethylamine (123 mg, 1.22 mmol, 170 μL) in Dichloromethane (10.0 mL) was added Methanesulfonic anhydride (84.9 mg, 488 μmol) slowly at 25 °C. The mixture was warmed to 60 °C and stirred at that temperature for 2 h before it was quenched with 1.0 mL water. The solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel eluting with EA / PE with EA from 0 to 100% to give (2R,6S)-11-bromo-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-4- oxa-1,7-diazatricyclo[6.4.0.02,6]dodeca-7,9,11-triene-9-carboxamide (30.0 mg, 52% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+: 473.9 / 475.9. Intermediate 111 Step 1: To a stirred solution of 5-bromo-2-fluoro-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (200 mg, 489 μmol) in DMSO (5.0 mL) were added sequentially (1R,2R)-2-aminocyclohexanol (67.6 mg, 587 μmol) and TEA (148 mg, 1.47 mmol, 204 μL) at 25 °C. The mixture was warmed to 80 °C and stirred at that temperature for 2 h before it was quenched with 1.0 mL water. The solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel eluting with EA / PE with EA from 0 to 100% to give 5-bromo-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-2-[[(1R,2R)-2- hydroxycyclohexyl]amino]pyridine-3-carboxamide (180 mg, 73% yield) as a yellow oil. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+: 504.0 / 506.0. Step 2: To a stirred solution of 5-bromo-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-2-[[(1R,2R)-2- hydroxycyclohexyl]amino]pyridine-3-carboxamide (180 mg, 357 μmol) in Dichloromethane (10.0 mL) were sequentially Triethylamine (181 mg, 1.78 mmol, 249 μL) and Methanesulfonic anhydride (93.3 mg, 535 μmol) slowly at 25 °C. The mixture was warmed to 60 °C and stirred at that temperature for 2 h before it was quenched with 1.0 mL water. The solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel eluting with EA / PE with EA from 0 to 100% to give (5aR,9aS)-2-bromo-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]- 5a,6,7,8,9,9a-hexahydropyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-4-carboxamide (60.0 mg, 35% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+: 486.0 / 488.0. Intermediate 112 Step 1: To a stirred solution of 5-bromo-2-fluoro-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (200 mg, 489 μmol) and (3R,4R)-3- aminotetrahydropyran-4-ol (68.7 mg, 587 μmol) dissolved in DMSO (5.0 mL) was added TEA (148 mg, 1.47 mmol, 204 μL) slowly at 25 °C. The mixture was warmed to 80 °C and stirred at that temperature for 2 h before it was quenched with 1.0 mL water. The solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel eluting with EA / PE with EA from 0 to 100% to give 5-bromo-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-2-[[(3R,4R)- 4-hydroxytetrahydropyran-3-yl]amino]pyridine-3-carboxamide (150 mg, 61% yield) as a yellow oil. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+: 506.0 / 508.0. Step 2: To a stirred solution of 5-bromo-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-2-[[(3R,4R)-4- hydroxytetrahydropyran-3-yl]amino]pyridine-3-carboxamide (150 mg, 296 μmol) in Dichloromethane (10.0 mL) were sequentially Triethylamine (150 mg, 1.48 mmol, 206 μL) and Methanesulfonic anhydride (103 mg, 593 μmol) slowly at 25 °C. The mixture was warmed to 60 °C and stirred at that temperature for 2 h before it was quenched with 1.0 mL water. The solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel eluting with EA / PE with EA from 0 to 100% to give (2S,7S)-12-bromo-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-5- oxa-1,8-diazatricyclo[7.4.0.02,7]trideca-8,10,12-triene-10-carboxamide (100 mg, 69% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+: 487.9 / 489.9. The following intermediates have been prepared in analogy to the representative procedures described for intermediate 48.

[0004] Intermediate 140 Step 1: To a solution of 2,3-dihydropyran-6-one (5.0 g, 50.97 mmol) in carbon tetrachloride (250 mL) was added NBS (18.32 g, 102.96 mmol) followed by Benzoyl peroxide (658.5 mg, 2.04 mmol, 75% purity). The mixture was stirred at 95 °C for 15 h before it was cooled down to room temperature and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (0-30% ethyl acetate / petroleum ether) to obtain 2,3-dibromo- 2,3-dihydropyran-6-one (7.5 g) which was used without further purification. Step 2: To a solution of 2,3-dibromo-2,3-dihydropyran-6-one (7.5 g, 29.31 mmol) in Trichloromethane (100 mL) was added TEA (11.86 g, 117.24 mmol, 16.3 mL) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at that temperature for 4 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated, filtered through a pad of Celite with (ethyl acetate / petroleum ether = 1:1), and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography (ethyl acetate / petroleum ether = 0 / 1~10%) to afford 5-bromopyran-2- one (1.6 g, 31% yield) as a white solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+174.9,176.9. Intermediate 148 To a stirred solution of 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole (400 mg, 2.06 mmol) and (S)-2-methyloxirane (359 mg, 6.18 mmol) in ACN (3.0 mL) was added triethylamine (876 mg, 8.66 mmol, 1.21 mL) at 25 ℃. The mixture was warmed to 100 ℃ and stirred at that temperature for 12 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 25 ℃ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with EtOAc / petroleum ether with EtOAc from 0 to 35 % in 20 min to give (S)-1-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol (410 mg, 79% yield) as a white oil, LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+253.2. Intermediate 149 To a stirred solution of 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole (400 mg, 2.06 mmol) and (R)-2-methyloxirane (359 mg, 6.18 mmol) in ACN (3.0 mL) was added TEA (876 mg, 8.66 mmol, 1.21 mL) at 25 ℃. The mixture was warmed to 100 ℃ and stirred at that temperature for 12 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 25 ℃ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with EtOAc / petroleum ether with EtOAc from 0 to 35 % in 20 min to give (R)-1-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol (420 mg, 81% yield) as a white oil, LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+253.2. Intermediate 150 To a stirred solution of methyl 2-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol- 1-yl)acetate (400 mg, 1.50 mmol) and Titanium tetraisopropanolate (214 mg, 752 μmol, 224 μL) in THF (4.0 mL) was added Ethylmagnesium bromide (601 mg, 4.51 mmol) dropwise over 30 min at 60 °C. The mixture was stirred at 60 °C for 2 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 25 ℃, diluted with water (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (20 mL ×2). The combined organic phases were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with EtOAc / petroleum ether with EtOAc from 0 to 40 % in 20 min to give1-((4-(4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl)cyclopropan-1-ol (10.0 mg, 2.5% yield) as a white oil, LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+265.2. Intermediate 155 Step 1: To a solution of 4-bromo-2-methyl-pyridine (1 g, 5.8 mmol, 690 μL) in THF (20.0 mL) at - 78 °C was added Lithium diisopropylamide solution (2.0 N, 4.4 mL). The mixture was stirred at -78 °C for 15 min before acetone (405.2 mg, 7.0 mmol, 512 μL) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred for 45 min at -78 °C before it was quenched by saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution. The aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (3 × 50 mL) and the combined organic extracts were dried with MgSO4and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel eluting with (EA / PE from 0 to 50%) to give 1-(4-bromo-2-pyridyl)-2-methyl-propan-2-ol (1.0 g, 75% yield) as a yellow oil. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+230.0 / 232.0. Step 2: To a stirred solution of 1-(4-bromo-2-pyridyl)-2-methyl-propan-2-ol (100 mg, 434.6 μmol) in Dioxane (10.0 mL) were added sequentially 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (220.7 mg, 869.2 μmol), Pd(dppf)Cl2 (31.8 mg, 43.5 μmol) and KOAc (106.6 mg, 1.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 100 °C for 4 h before it was used in the next step directly without further purification. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+196.1. Intermediate 156 Step 1: To a solution of 4-bromo-2-methyl-pyridine (1.0 g, 5.8 mmol, 690 μL) in THF (20.0 mL) at - 78 °C was added Lithium diisopropylamide solution (2.0 N, 4.4 mL). The mixture was stirred at -78 °C for 15 min before N-methoxy-N-methyl-acetamide (599 mg, 5.8 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred for 45 min at -78 °C before it was quenched by saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution. The aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (3 × 50 mL) and the combined organic extracts were dried with MgSO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel eluting with (EA / PE from 0 to 50%) to give 1-(4-bromo-2-pyridyl)propan-2-one (1.0 g, 80% yield) as a yellow oil. LC- MS: m / z [M+H]+214.0 / 216.0. Step 2: To a stirred solution of 1-(4-bromo-2-pyridyl)propan-2-one (100 mg, 467 μmol) in MeOH (120 mL) was added sodium borohydride (58.7 mg, 934 μmol) at 0 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at that temperature for 30 min before it was treated with hydrochloric acid (1.0 mL, 1.0 N) and stirred for 10 min. The reaction was neutralized with 1 N NaOH and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purifized by flash column chromatography on silica gel eluting with (EA / PE from 0 to 100%) to give 1-(4-bromo-2-pyridyl)propan-2-ol (60.0 mg, 59% yield) as a yellow oil. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+216.0 / 218.0. Step 3: To a stirred solution of 1-(4-bromo-2-pyridyl)propan-2-ol (50.0 mg, 231 μmol) in Dioxane (10.0 mL) were added sequentially 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (117.5 mg, 462.8 μmol), Pd(dppf)Cl2 (16.9 mg, 23.1 μmol) and KOAc (56.8 mg, 579 μmol). The mixture was stirred at 100 °C for 4 h before it was used in the next step directly without further purification. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+182.1. Intermediate 157 Step 1: To a solution of tetrahydropyran-4-one (500 mg, 5.0 mmol, 461 μL) in CCl4 (10 mL) at 0 °C was added slowly sulfuryl chloride (809 mg, 6.0 mmol, 486 μL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h before it was quenched with cold water. The mixture was washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was used in the next step without further purification. Step 2: To a stirred solution of 3-chlorotetrahydropyran-4-one (400 mg, 3.0 mmol) in THF (15.0 mL) was added Potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (711.6 mg, 3.6 mmol) at -78 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at -78 °C for 30 min before N-(5-chloro-2-pyridyl)-1,1,1-trifluoro-N- (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methanesulfonamide (1.4 g, 3.6 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture allowed to warm to RT and stirred for 12 h. The volatiles were then removed under reduced pressure to give a brown residue which was used in the next step without further purification. Intermediate 158 Step 1: To a stirred solution of 3-(benzyloxy)cyclobutan-1-ol (500 mg, 2.81 mmol) and TEA (852 mg, 8.42 mmol, 1.17 mL) in DCM (5.0 mL) was added Tosyl chloride (642 mg, 3.37 mmol) at 0 °C. The mixture was warmed to 25 ℃ and stirred at that temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was treated with ice water (5.0 ml) and extracted with DCM. The organic phase was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with methanol / dichloromethane with methanol from 0 to 2% in 20 min to give 3-(benzyloxy)cyclobutyl 4- methylbenzenesulfonate (720 mg, 77 % yield) as a white oil, LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+333.2. Step 2: To a stirred mixture of (3-benzyloxycyclobutyl) 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (720 mg, 2.17 mmol), 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole (420 mg, 2.17 mmol) and Cesium carbonate (1.41 g, 4.33 mmol) in NMP (10.0 mL) was irradiated at 110 °C by microwave for 0.5 h. The solution was diluted with EA and washed with H2O and brine. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with EtOAc / petroleum ether with EtOAc from 0 to 40 % in 20 min to give 1-(3- (benzyloxy)cyclobutyl)-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole (330 mg, 43% yield) as a white oil, LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+355.2. Step 3: To a stirred solution of 1-(3-benzyloxycyclobutyl)-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan- 2-yl)pyrazole (330 mg, 932 μmol) in Methanol(3.0 mL) was added Pd / C (10% wt.,100 mg) at 25 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred under hydrogen atmosphere (balloon) at 25 °C for 16 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite before the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give 3-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2- yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)cyclobutan-1-ol (240 mg, 98% yield) as a yellow solid, LC- MS: m / z [M+H]+265.2. Intermediate 159 Step 1: To a stirred solution of 1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclobutan-1-ol (250 mg, 2.45 mmol) and TEA (743 mg, 7.34 mmol, 1.02 mL) in DCM (5.0 mL) was added Tosyl chloride (560 mg, 2.94 mmol) at 0 °C. The mixture was warmed to 25 ℃ and stirred at that temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was treated with 5.0 ml ice water and extracted with DCM. The organic phase was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with methanol / dichloromethane with methanol from 0 to 5% in 20 min to give (1-hydroxycyclobutyl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (340 mg, 54% yield) as a white oil, LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+257.2. Step 2: To a stirred mixture of (1-hydroxycyclobutyl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (340 mg, 1.33 mmol) , 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole (257 mg, 1.33 mmol) , and Cesium carbonate (864 mg, 2.65 mmol) in NMP (5 .0 mL) was irradiated at 110 °C by microwave for 0.5 h. The solution was diluted with EA and washed with H2O and brine. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with EtOAc / petroleum ether with EtOAc from 0 to 40 % in 20 min to give 1-((4-(4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl)cyclobutan-1-ol (200 mg, 54% yield) as a white oil. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+279.2. Intermediate 160 Step 1: To a stirred solution of ethyl 1-benzylpiperidine-4-carboxylate (2.0 g, 8.1 mmol) in THF (15.0 mL) was added Lithium diisopropylamide (2.0 N, 6.0 mL, 12.0 mmol) at -78 °C. The reaction was stirred at -78 °C for 1 h before bromo(methoxy)methane (1.2 g, 9.7 mmol, 792 μL) was added. The mixture was stirred at -78°C for 2 h before it was quenched with water. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (50 mL × 2). The combined organic phases were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel eluting with EA / PE from 0 to 50% to give ethyl 1-benzyl-4-(methoxymethyl)piperidine-4-carboxylate (1.2 g, 51% yield) as a colorless oil. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+292.2. Step 2: To a stirred solution of ethyl 1-benzyl-4-(methoxymethyl)piperidine-4-carboxylate (1.2 g, 4.1 mmol) in THF (15.0 mL) was added Lithium aluminum hydride (210 mg, 6.2 mmol) at room temperature. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 20 min before it was quenched by cold water and extracted with EtOAc (3 × 30 mL). The combined organic layers were dried with Na2SO4, evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 10:1 as eluent) to give [1-benzyl-4-(methoxymethyl)-4-piperidyl]methanol (800 mg, 3.2 mmol, 78% yield) as a colorless oil. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+: 250.2. Step 3: To a stirred solution of [1-benzyl-4-(methoxymethyl)-4-piperidyl]methanol (800 mg, 3.2 mmol) in THF (10.0 mL) was added Palladium on carbon(10% wt.%, 81.5 mg, 642 μmol). The reaction mixture was stirred under hydrogen atmosphere (balloon) at 25 °C for 16 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite before the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give [4-(methoxymethyl)-4-piperidyl]methanol (400 mg, 78% yield) as a colorless oil. The residue was used in the next reaction without further purification. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+160.1. Intermediate 161 Step 1: To a stirred solution of ethyl 1-benzylpiperidine-4-carboxylate (2.0 g, 8.1 mmol) in THF (15.0 mL) was added Lithium diisopropylamide (2 N, 12.1 mmol, 6.0 mL) at -78 °C. The reaction was stirred at -78°C for 1 h before 2-bromoacetonitrile (1.2 g, 9.7 mmol, 676 μL) was added. The mixture was stirred at -78°C for 2 h before it was quenched with water. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (50 mL × 2). The combined organic phases were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel eluting with EA / PE from 0 to 50% to give ethyl 1-benzyl-4-(cyanomethyl)piperidine-4-carboxylate (900 mg, 39% yield) as a colorless oil. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+287.1. Step 2: To a stirred solution of ethyl 1-benzyl-4-(cyanomethyl)piperidine-4-carboxylate (900 mg, 3.1 mmol) in THF (10.0 mL) was added Lithium aluminum hydride (160 mg, 4.7 mmol) at room temperature. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 20 min before it was quenched with cold water and extracted with EtOAc (3×30 mL). The combined organic layers were dried with Na2SO4, evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 1:10 as eluent) to give 2-[1- benzyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)-4-piperidyl]acetonitrile (600 mg, 78% yield) as a colorless oil. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+245.1. Step 3: To a stirred solution of 2-[1-benzyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)-4-piperidyl]acetonitrile (600 mg, 2.5 mmol) in THF (10.0 mL) was added Palladium on carbon(10% wt.%, 62.4 mg, 491 μmol). The reaction mixture was stirred under hydrogen atmosphere (balloon) at 25 °C for 16 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite before the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give 2-[4-(hydroxymethyl)-4-piperidyl]acetonitrile (300 mg, 79% yield) as a colorless oil. The residue was used in the next step without further purification. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+155.1. Section 2. Synthetic Processes to Prepare Claimed Compounds Examples 1-421 are intentionally left blank. Example 422 Step 1: To a stirred solution of PPh3 (266 mg, 1.02 mmol) in THF (5.0 mL) was added DIAD (205 mg, 1.02 mmol, 200 μL) slowly at 0 °C. The resulting mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 30 min before 5-bromo-6- fluoropyridin-3-ol (150 mg, 781 μmol) and (S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-ol (89.0 mg, 1.02 mmol, 81.0 μL) were added sequentially at 0 °C. The resulting mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 16 h before it was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with EtOAc / petroleum ether with EtOAc from 0% to 30% in 20 min to give (R)-3-bromo-2-fluoro-5-((tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)oxy)pyridine (180 mg, 88 % yield) as a colorless oil. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+262.0. Step 2: To a stirred solution of (R)-3-bromo-2-fluoro-5-((tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)oxy)pyridine (200 mg, 763 μmol) in NMP (2.0 mL) were sequentially added potassium ethyl oxalate (238 mg, 1.53 mmol), dppp (47.2 mg, 114 μmol) and Pd(TFA)2(25.0 mg, 76.0 μmol) at 25 ℃. The mixture was warmed to 150 °C and stirred at that temperature for 20 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 25 ℃, treated with water and extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by Prep-TLC (EtOAc / petroleum ether=3 / 1) to give ethyl (R)-2-fluoro-5-((tetrahydrofuran-3- yl)oxy)nicotinate (20.0 mg, 10 % yield) as a colorless oil . LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+256.1. Step 3: To a stirred solution of (R)-2-fluoro-5-((tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)oxy)nicotinate (20.0 mg, 78.0 μmol) in THF (2.0 mL) were sequentially added LiOH (9.0 mg, 392 μmol), Methanol (1.0 mL) and Water (1.0 mL) at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 2 h before it was acidified to pH=2.0 with HCl / EtOAc and concentrated under reduced pressure to give (R)-2-fluoro-5-((tetrahydrofuran-3- yl)oxy)nicotinic acid (10.0 mg, 56 % yield) as a white solid which was used in the next step without purification. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+228.0. Step 4: To a stirred solution of (R)-2-fluoro-5-((tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)oxy)nicotinic acid (10.0 mg, 44.0 μmol) and (R)-1-(2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethan-1-amine (10.0 mg, 48.0 μmol) in DCM (2.0 mL) were sequentially added TEA (22.0 mg, 220 μmol, 31.0 μL) and POCl3 (20.0 mg, 132 μmol, 12.0 μL) slowly at 0 °C. The resulting mixture was warmed to 25 °C and stirred at 25 °C for 2 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with ice water and extracted with DCM (2 × 25 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by Prep-TLC (EtOAc / petroleum ether=3 / 1) to give 2-fluoro- N-((R)-1-(2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-5-(((R)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)oxy)nicotinamide (13.0 mg, 71 % yield) as a colorless oil. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+417.1. Step 5: To a stirred solution of 2-fluoro-N-((R)-1-(2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-5-(((R)- tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)oxy)nicotinamide (13.0 mg, 31.0 μmol) and (R)-2-aminopropan-1-ol (7.0 mg, 94.0 μmol, 7.00 μL) in DMSO (1.0 mL) was added TEA (16.0 mg, 156 μmol, 22.0 μL) at 25 °C. The resulting mixture was warmed to 90 °C and stirred at that temperature for 20 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 25 °C, treated with water and extracted with EtOAc (3 × 10 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give N-((R)-1-(2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-(((R)-1- hydroxypropan-2-yl)amino)-5-(((R)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)oxy)nicotinamide (12.0 mg, 81 % yield) as a light-yellow oil which was used in the next step without purification. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+472.2. Step 6: To a stirred solution of N-((R)-1-(2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-(((R)-1-hydroxypropan- 2-yl)amino)-5-(((R)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)oxy)nicotinamide (10.0 mg, 21.0 μmol) in DCM (1.0 mL) were sequentially added TEA (11.0 mg, 106 μmol, 15.0 μL) and Methanesulfonic anhydride (7.0 mg, 42.0 μmol) at 25 °C. The resulting mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 10 min. The reaction mixture was quenched with aq. NaHCO3and extracted with DCM (3 × 10 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by prep-TLC (DCM / MeOH=12 / 1) to give (R)-N-((R)-1-(2-fluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-methyl-6-(((R)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)oxy)-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2- a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (4.1 mg, 43 % yield) as a light-yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+454.2. Example 441 To a stirred solution of (2R)-6-bromo-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-2-methyl- 2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (50 mg, 112 μmol) and tetrahydropyran-4- carbonitrile (37.4 mg, 336 μmol, 36 μL) in THF (2.0 mL) was added LiHMDS（ 1.0 M in THF, 336 μL, 336 μmol) 25 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 16 h before it was quenched with NH4Cl aq. and extracted with EtOAc (10 mL × 2). The combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4and then filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by Pre-HPLC eluting with CH3CN in water with CH3CN from 20% to 50% in 6 min to give (2R)-6-(4-cyanotetrahydropyran-4-yl)-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (1.8 mg, 3% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+477.1. Example 520 Step 1: To a stirred solution (2R)-6-bromo-N-[(1R)-1-[3-(difluoromethyl)-2-fluoro-phenyl]ethyl]-2-methyl- 2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (intermediate 50, 400 mg, 934 μmol) in 1,4- Dioxane (8.0 mL) were sequentially added 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (474 mg, 1.87 mmol), potassium acetate (275 mg, 2.80 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl2·DCM (76.3 mg, 93.4 μmol) at 25 ℃. The reaction mixture was warmed to 95 °C and stirred at that temperature for 3 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 25 ℃ and used in the next step without further purification. LC-MS: m / z [M+H-81]+394.2. Step 2: To a stirred solution of the above prepared (2R)-N-[(1R)-1-[3-(difluoromethyl)-2-fluoro-phenyl]ethyl]- 2-methyl-6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8- carboxamide (100 mg, 210 μmol) in 1,4-Dioxane (5.0 mL) were sequentially added 2-bromopyridine- 3-carbonitrile (77.0 mg, 420 μmol), Pd(dppf)Cl2 (15.4 mg, 21.0 μmol), Cs2CO3 (171 mg, 526 μmol) and Water (1.0 mL) at 25 ℃. The mixture was warmed to 100 °C and stirred at that temperature for 8 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 25 ℃ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by Pre-HPLC eluting with CH3CN in water with CH3CN from 20 % to 55 % in 7 min to give (2R)-6-(3-cyano-2-pyridyl)-N-[(1R)-1-[3-(difluoromethyl)-2-fluoro-phenyl]ethyl]-2-methyl-2,3- dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (30 mg, 32% yield) as a yellow solid . LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+452.2. The following examples have been prepared in analogy to the representative procedures described for example 520. Example 675 To a stirred solution of (R)-6-chloro-N-((R)-1-(2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-methyl- 2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-8-carboxamide (45 mg, 112 μmol) in 1,4-Dioxane (2.5 mL) were sequentially added 2-methyl-1-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1- yl)propan-2-ol (59.4 mg, 223 μmol), Pd(dppf)Cl2(4.1 mg, 5.60 μmol), K2CO3(38.6 mg, 279 μmol) and Water (0.5 mL) at 25 ℃. The mixture was warmed to 100 °C and stirred at that temperature for 6 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 25 ℃ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by prep-TLC(EtOAc=100%) to give (R)-N-((R)-1-(2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)- 6-(1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-8- carboxamide (48.0 mg, 85 % yield) as an orange solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+507.1. Example 860 Step 1: To a stirred solution of (2R)-6-chloro-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-2-methyl- 2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-8-carboxamide (40 mg, 99 μmol) in Dioxane (3 mL) and Water (0.6 mL) were sequentially added tert-butyl-dimethyl-[[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2- yl)-2-pyridyl]methoxy]silane (52 mg, 148 μmol), Cs2CO3(97.1 mg, 298 μmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl2(7.3 mg, 10 μmol) at 25 ℃. The mixture was warmed to 100 °C and stirred at that temperature for 16 h. The mixture was dissolved in water (30 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (30 mL × 2). The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with EtOAc / pet.ether from 0 to 40% to give (2R)-6-[2-[[tert- butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4-pyridyl]-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-2- methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-8-carboxamide (49 mg, 84% yield) as a red solid. LC- MS: m / z [M+H]+590.3. Step 2: To a stirred solution of (2R)-6-[2-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4-pyridyl]-N-[(1R)-1-[2- fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-8- carboxamide (49 mg, 83 μmol) in THF (3 mL) was added TBAF (46.4 mg, 166 μmol). The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 1 h before it was dissolved in water (30 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (30 mL × 2). The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by Pre-HPLC eluting with CH3CN in water with CH3CN from 20% to 95% in 10 min to afford (2R)-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-6-[2-(hydroxymethyl)- 4-pyridyl]-2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-8-carboxamide (3.3 mg, 8% yield) as an orange solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+476.2. The following examples have been prepared in analogy to the representative procedures described for example 675. Example 717 To a solution of (2S,6R)-11-(3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-1,7-diazatricyclo[6.4.0.02,6]dodeca-7,9,11-triene-9-carboxamide (10 mg, 21 μmol) in THF (5 mL) was added Palladium on carbon (10% wt.%, 5.3 mg, 42 μmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature under hydrogen atmosphere (balloon) for 30 min. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite before the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by pre-HPLC to give (2S,6R)-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-11-tetrahydropyran-4-yl-1,7-diazatricyclo[6.4.0.02,6]dodeca-7,9,11- triene-9-carboxamide (3.0 mg, 30% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+478.0. The following examples have been prepared in analogy to the representative procedures described for Example 717.

[0005] Example 584 Step1: To a stirred solution of (R)-6-chloro-N-((R)-1-(3-(difluoromethyl)-2-fluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-methyl- 2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-8-carboxamide (80.0 mg, 208 μmol) in 1,4-Dioxane (5.0 mL) were sequentially added tert-butyl (4-methylpiperidin-4-yl)carbamate (111 mg, 520 μmol), t-BuXPhos Pd G3 (16.5 mg, 21.0 μmol), t-Bu Xhos (9.0 mg, 21.0 μmol) and t-BuONa (48.0 mg, 506 μmol) at 25 ℃. The mixture was warmed to 85 °C and stirred at that temperature for 12h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 25 ℃ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by Pre-TLC (EtOAc=100%) to give tert-butyl (1-((R)-8-(((R)-1-(3-(difluoromethyl)-2- fluorophenyl)ethyl)carbamoyl)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin-6-yl)-4- methylpiperidin-4-yl)carbamate (10.0 mg, 9 % yield) as a red oil . LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+563.3. Step2: To a stirred solution of tert-butyl (1-((R)-8-(((R)-1-(3-(difluoromethyl)-2- fluorophenyl)ethyl)carbamoyl)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin-6-yl)-4- methylpiperidin-4-yl)carbamate (10.0 mg, 17.8 μmol) in DCM (2.0 mL) was added TFA (745 mg, 6.53 mmol, 500 µL) at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 2 h before it was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by Pre-HPLC eluting with CH3CN in water with CH3CN from 35% to 50% in 8 min to give (R)-6-(4-amino-4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-N-((R)-1-(3- (difluoromethyl)-2-fluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-8- carboxamide (4.0 mg, 49 % yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+463.2. The following examples have been prepared in analogy to the representative procedures described for example 584. Example 530 To a stirred solution of (R)-6-chloro-N-(1-(3-(difluoromethyl)-2-fluorophenyl)ethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-2,3- dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-8-carboxamide (300 mg, 752 μmol) in 1,4-Dioxane (10.0 mL) were sequentially added 4-methylpiperidin-4-ol (173 mg, 1.50 mmol), RuPhos Pd G4 (32.0 mg, 38.0 μmol) and Cs2CO3(735 mg, 2.26 mmol) at 25 ℃. The mixture was warmed to 100 °C and stirred at that temperature for 12 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 25 ℃ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with EtOAc / petroleum ether with EtOAc from 0 to 100 % in 30 min to give (R)-N-(1-(3-(difluoromethyl)-2-fluorophenyl)ethyl)-6- (4-hydroxy-4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-8- carboxamide (221 mg, 62 % yield) as a red solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+478.3. Example 594 To a stirred solution of (R)-6-chloro-N-((R)-1-(3-(difluoromethyl)-2-fluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-methyl- 2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-8-carboxamide (40.0 mg, 104 μmol) in 1,4-Dioxane (4.0 mL) were sequentially added 1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one (40.0 mg, 260 μmol), RuPhos Pd G4 (4.4 mg, 5.0 μmol) and Cs2CO3 (102 mg, 312 μmol) at 25 ℃. The mixture was warmed to 100 °C and stirred at that temperature for 12 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 25 ℃ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by purified by Pre-HPLC eluting with CH3CN in water with CH3CN from 30% to 50% in 8 min to give (R)-N-((R)-1-(3-(difluoromethyl)-2-fluorophenyl)ethyl)-2- methyl-6-(2-oxo-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decan-8-yl)-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-8-carboxamide (0.9 mg, 2 % yield) as an orange solid . LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+503.2. Example 627 To a stirred solution of (R)-6-chloro-N-(1-(2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2,2-dimethyl- 2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-8-carboxamide (35.0 mg, 83.9 μmol) in 1,4-Dioxane (2.5 mL) were sequentially added 4-methylpiperidin-4-ol (14.5 mg, 126 μmol), RuPhos Pd G4 (3.6 mg, 4.2 μmol) and Cs2CO3(82.0 mg, 252 μmol) at 25 ℃. The mixture was warmed to 100 °C and stirred at that temperature for 12 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 25 ℃ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by prep-TLC(EtOAc=100%) to give (R)-N-(1-(2-fluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-6-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-2,3- dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-8-carboxamide (34.0 mg, 82 % yield) as a red solid . LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+496.2. The following examples have been prepared in analogy to the representative procedures described for example 627.

[0006] Example 554 Step1: To a stirred solution of N-((R)-1-(3-(difluoromethyl)-2-fluorophenyl)ethyl)-6-(4-hydroxycyclohex-1- en-1-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-8-carboxamide (57.0 mg, 124 μmol) in DCM (3.0 mL) were sequentially added CDI (60.0 mg, 371 μmol) and TEA (63.0 mg, 619 μmol, 86.0 μL) at 25 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 2 h to give a solution of 4-(8-(((R)-1-(3- (difluoromethyl)-2-fluorophenyl)ethyl)carbamoyl)-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin- 6-yl)cyclohex-3-en-1-yl 1H-imidazole-1-carboxylate (68.0 mg, 99 % yield) in DCM which was used in the next step directly. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+555.2. Step2: To a stirred solution of 4-(8-(((R)-1-(3-(difluoromethyl)-2-fluorophenyl)ethyl)carbamoyl)-2,2- dimethyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin-6-yl)cyclohex-3-en-1-yl 1H-imidazole-1-carboxylate (20.0 mg, 36.0 μmol) in DCM (1.0 mL) were sequentially added cyclopropanamine (6.0 mg, 108 μmol, 8.0 μL) and TEA (11.0 mg, 108 μmol, 15.0 μL) at 25 ℃. The mixture was heated to 50 °C and stirred at that temperature for 18 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 25 °C and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by prep-TLC (EtOAc / petroleum ether=1:1) to give 4-(8- (((R)-1-(3-(difluoromethyl)-2-fluorophenyl)ethyl)carbamoyl)-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2- b]pyridazin-6-yl)cyclohex-3-en-1-yl cyclopropylcarbamate (11.0 mg, 56 % yield) as an orange solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+544.3. Example 755 Step 1: To a stirred solution of (2R)-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl] ethyl]-6-(4- hydroxycyclohexen-1-yl)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (50.0 mg, 108 μmol) and 1,1'-Carbonyldiimidazole (52.5 mg, 324 μmol) in Dichloromethane (5.0 mL) was added Triethylamine (54.6 mg, 539 μmol, 75.2 μL) at 25 °C. The reaction was stirred at 25 °C for 1 h before it was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel eluting with hexane / ethyl acetate with ethyl acetate from 0 to 10% to afford [4-[(2R)-8- [[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]carbamoyl]-2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2- a]pyridin-6-yl]cyclohex-3-en-1-yl] imidazole-1-carboxylate (20.0 mg, 33% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+548.1. Step 2: To a stirred solution of Dimethylamine hydrochloride (4.4 mg, 54 μmol) and Triethylamine (9.1 mg, 90 μmol, 13 μL) in Dichloromethane (3.0 mL) was added [4-[(2R)-8-[[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]carbamoyl]-2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-6-yl]cyclohex- 3-en-1-yl] imidazole-1-carboxylate (10.0 mg, 17.9 μmol) at 25 °C. The reaction was stirred at 25 °C for 10 min before it was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by pre-HPLC with MeCN in water to afford [4-[(2R)-8-[[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]carbamoyl]-2-methyl- 2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-6-yl]cyclohex-3-en-1-yl] N,N-dimethyl carbamate (3.0 mg, 31% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+535.2. The following examples have been prepared in analogy to the representative procedures described for example 554. Example 454 Step 1: To a stirred solution of (2R)-6-bromo-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-2-methyl- 2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (100 mg, 224 μmol) in NMP (3.0 mL) were sequentially added potassium ethyl oxalate (70.0 mg, 448 μmol), Palladium(II) trifluoroacetate (7.5 mg, 22.4 μmol) and 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)-propane (13.9 mg, 33.6 μmol) at 25 ℃. The mixture was warmed to 150 ℃ and stirred at that temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 25 ℃ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by prep- TLC (DCM / MeOH=10:1) to give ethyl (R)-8-(((R)-1-(2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl) ethyl) carbamoyl)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a] pyridine-6-carboxylate (21.0 mg, 21% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+440.2. Step 2: To a stirred solution of ethyl (R)-8-(((R)-1-(2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl) ethyl) carbamoyl)-2- methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a] pyridine-6-carboxylate (21.0 mg, 47.8 μmol) in THF (1.0 mL) and MeOH (0.5 mL) was added aq. LiOH (1.4 mL, 1.0 M, 1.4 mmol) at 25 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove most of THF. The mixture was acidified with aq. HCl (2.0 M) to pH = 3 and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic phases were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give (2R)-8-[[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]carbamoyl]-2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid (19.0 mg, 97% yield) as a yellow solid which was used in the next step without further purification. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+412.2. Step 3: To a stirred solution of (2R)-8-[[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]carbamoyl]-2- methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid (19.0 mg, 46.2 μmol) and morpholine (8.0 mg, 92.4 μmol, 8.0 μL) in DCM (3.0 mL) and pyridine (1.0 mL)was added phosphoryl trichloride (21.3 mg, 138 μmol, 13.0 μL) at 0 °C. The mixture was warmed to 25 °C and stirred at that temperature for 1 h before ice water was added and extracted with DCM. The organic phase was washed with brine and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by prep-TLC (DCM / MeOH=10:1) to give (R)-N-((R)-1-(2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2- methyl-6-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (3.6 mg, 16 % yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+481.2. Example 546 To a stirred solution of (R)-N-((R)-1-(3-(difluoromethyl)-2-fluorophenyl)ethyl)-6-(3,6-dihydro-2H- thiopyran-4-yl)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-8-carboxamide (30.0 mg, 67.0 μmol) in Ethanol (2.0 mL) was added NH4COONH2(26.0 mg, 334 μmol) and PhI(OAc)2 (43.0 mg, 134 μmol) at 25 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 2 h before it was treated with water. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2×10 mL) and the combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by Pre-HPLC eluting with CH3CN in water with CH3CN from 30% to 55% in 7 min to give (2R)-N-((R)-1-(3-(difluoromethyl)-2-fluorophenyl)ethyl)-6-(1-imino-1-oxido-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-1l6- thiopyran-4-yl)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-8-carboxamide (3.5 mg, 11 % yield) as an orange solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+480.1. Example 572 Step 1: To a solution of tert-butyl N-[4-[(2R)-8-[[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]carbamoyl]-2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-6-yl]cyclohex- 3-en-1-yl]carbamate (80 mg, 142.20 μmol) in HCl（4.0 M in ethyl acetate) (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. LCMS showed that the reaction was complete. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give a residue to afford (2R)-6-(4-aminocyclohexen-1-yl)-N-[(1R)-1-[2- fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (50 mg, 108.11 μmol, 76.03% yield). The crude product was used in next reaction directly without further purification. Chemical Formula: C24H26F4N4O. LCMS(ESI+) [(M+H)+]: 463.2. Step 2: To a mixture of (2R)-6-(4-aminocyclohexen-1-yl)-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (10.0 mg, 21.6 μmol) in Dichloromethane (3.0 mL) was added Triethylamine (6.6 mg, 65 μmol, 9.0 μL), followed by 2-chloroethyl carbonochloridate (3.1 mg, 22 μmol) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at that temperature for 2.5 h before it was diluted with 5.0 mL water and extracted with DCM (3 × 20 mL). The organic phase was washed with brine (30 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by pre-HPLC with MeCN in water to afford 2-chloroethyl N-[4-[(2R)-8-[[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]carbamoyl]-2- methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-6-yl]cyclohex-3-en-1-yl]carbamate (6.0 mg, 49% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+568.2. Step 3: A mixture of 2-chloroethyl N-[4-[(2R)-8-[[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]carbamoyl]-2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-6-yl]cyclohex- 3-en-1-yl]carbamate (6.0 mg, 11 μmol) and Potassium carbonate (4.4 mg, 32 μmol) in DMF (2.0 mL) was warmed to 80 °C and stirred at that temperature for 3 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was purified by pre-HPLC with MeCN in water to give (2R)-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-2-methyl-6-[4-(2-oxooxazolidin-3-yl)cyclohexen-1-yl]-2,3- dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (2.0 mg, 36% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+533.2. Example 578 A mixture of (2R)-6-(4-aminocyclohexen-1-yl)-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]ethyl]-2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (5.0 mg, 11 μmol) and tetrahydrofuran-2,5-dione (10.8 mg, 108 μmol) was dissolved in Triethylamine (1.0 mL) at 25 °C. The reaction was warmed to 110 °C and stirred at that temperature for 4 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by pre-HPLC with MeCN in water to give (2R)-6- [4-(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)cyclohexen-1-yl]-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]- 2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (3.0 mg, 51% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+545.2. Example 596 Step 1: To a stirred solution of 3-fluoropropanoic acid (100 mg, 1.09 mmol) and Triethylamine (330 mg, 3.26 mmol, 454 μL) in Dichloromethane (3.0 mL) was added Oxalyl chloride (165 mg, 1.30 mmol, 114 μL) dropwise at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 30 min before it was used in the next step directly without further workup. Step 2: To a mixture of (2R)-6-(4-aminocyclohexen-1-yl)-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (20.0 mg, 43.2 μmol) in Dichloromethane (2.0 mL) was added Triethylamine (27.5 mg, 271 μmol, 37.8 μL), followed by 3-fluoropropanoyl chloride (10.0 mg, 90.5 μmol) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at that temperature for 2.5 h before the solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was purified by pre- HPLC with MeCN in water to afford (2R)-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-2- methyl-6-[4-(prop-2-enoylamino)cyclohexen-1-yl]-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (2.0 mg, 4% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+517.2. Example 597 To a mixture of (2R)-6-(4-aminocyclohexen-1-yl)-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (10.0 mg, 21.6 μmol) in Dichloromethane (5.0 mL) was added Triethylamine (5.5 mg, 54.1 μmol, 7.53 μL), followed by 2-methoxyacetyl chloride (2.4 mg, 22 μmol) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at that temperature for 2.5 h before it was diluted with 5.0 mL water and extracted with DCM (3 × 20 mL). The organic phase was washed with brine (3 × 50 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by pre-HPLC with MeCN in water to afford (2R)-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-6-[4-[(2- methoxyacetyl)amino]cyclohexen-1-yl]-2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (5.0 mg, 43% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+535.2. Example 602 Step 1: To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-fluoroacetate (100 mg, 943 μmol, 91.5 μL) in Ethanol (3.0 mL) was added Sodium hydroxide (1.0 mL, 4.0 mol / L in water, 4.0 mmol) dropwise at 25 °C. The reaction was stirred at 25 °C for 12 h before the solvent was removed in vacuo to give sodium 2-fluoroacetate (50.0 mg, 68% yield) as a white solid which was used in the next step directly without further purification. Step 2: A mixture of sodium 2-fluoroacetate (10.0 mg, 128 μmol), (2R)-6-(4-aminocyclohexen-1-yl)-N- [(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8- carboxamide (59.3 mg, 128 μmol), HATU (58.4 mg, 154 μmol) and DIPEA (38.9 mg, 384 μmol, 53.6 μL) in DMF (2.0 mL) was stirred at 25 °C for 1 h before it was diluted with EtOAc (20.0 mL). The mixture was washed with water (20 mL) and the organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel eluting with MeOH / DCM with MeOH from 0 to 50% to give (2R)-6-[4-[(2- fluoroacetyl)amino]cyclohexen-1-yl]-N-[(1R)-1-[2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-2-methyl- 2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (2.0 mg, 3% yield) as white solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+523.2. Example 601 Step 1: To a stirred solution of (R)-1-(3-nitro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethan-1-amine hydrochloride (200 mg, 739 μmol) and 5-bromo-2-fluoronicotinic acid (195 mg, 886 μmol) in Pyridine (1.0 mL) and DCM (3.0 mL) was added phosphoryl trichloride (340 mg, 2.22 mmol, 207 μL) at 0 °C. The mixture was warmed to 25 °C and stirred at that temperature for 2 h before ice water was added. The mixture was extracted with DCM before the organic phase was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with DCM / MeOH with MeOH from 0 to 5 % in 30 min to give (R)-5-bromo-2-fluoro-N-(1-(3- nitro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)nicotinamide (300 mg, 93% yield) as a white solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+437.2. Step 2: To a stirred solution of 5-bromo-2-fluoro-N-[(1R)-1-[3-nitro-5- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (300 mg, 688 μmol) and (R)-(-)-2-amino-1- propanol (77.5 mg, 1.03 mmol) in DMSO (5.0 mL) was added TEA (209 mg, 2.06 mmol, 287 μL) at 25 °C. The mixture was warmed to 80 °C and stirred at that temperature for 6 h. The mixture was diluted with EA, washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give (Z)-5-bromo-2-(((R)-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)imino)-N-((R)-1-(3-nitro-5- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide (340 mg, 100% yield) as a yellow oil. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+492.0. Step 3: To a stirred solution of (Z)-5-bromo-2-(((R)-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)imino)-N-((R)-1-(3-nitro-5- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide (340 mg, 692 μmol) in DCM (5.0 mL) was added TEA (350 mg, 3.46 mmol, 482 μL) and Methane sulfonic anhydride (241 mg, 1.38 mmol) at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred for 30 min at 25 °C before it was quenched with water, diluted with DCM, washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with DCM / MeOH with MeOH from 0 to 2 % in 30 min to give (R)-6-bromo-2-methyl-N-((R)-1-(3- nitro-5-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl) ethyl)-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a] pyridine-8-carboxamide (270 mg, 82% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+474.0. Step 4: To a stirred solution of (2R)-6-bromo-2-methyl-N-[(1R)-1-[3-nitro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]- 2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (50.0 mg, 106 μmol) in 1,4-dioxane (3.0 mL) were sequentially added 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridine (43.3 mg, 211 μmol), potassium phosphate (67.3 mg, 317 μmol), Pd(dppf)Cl2(7.7 mg, 10.6 μmol) and Water (0.3 mL) at 25 ℃. The mixture was warmed to 100 ℃ and stirred at that temperature for 8 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 25 ℃, diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by prep- TLC (DCM / MeOH=10:1) to give (R)-2-methyl-N-((R)-1-(3-nitro-5-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl) ethyl)- 6-(pyridin-4-yl)-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a] pyridine-8-carboxamide (30.0 mg, 60% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+472.2. Step 5: To a stirred solution of (2R)-2-methyl-N-[(1R)-1-[3-nitro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] ethyl]-6-(4- pyridyl)-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (30.0 mg, 63.6 μmol) in 3.0 N HCl in water (2.0 mL) and Ethanol (2.0 mL) was added Stannous chloride dihydrate (57.4 mg, 255 μmol) at 25 °C. The mixture stirred for 2 h at 25 °C before the mixture was adjusted to pH = 10 by 2.0 M aq. NaOH and extracted with DCM, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by prep-TLC(DCM / MeOH=10:1) to give (R)-N-((R)-1-(3-amino-5- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl) ethyl)-2-methyl-6-(pyridin-4-yl)-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a] pyridine-8- carboxamide (17.0 mg, 60% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+442.2. The following examples have been prepared in analogy to the representative procedures described for example 601.

[0007] Example 655 Step 1: To a stirred solution of (R)-6-bromo-2-methyl-N-((R)-1-(3-nitro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2,3- dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (60.0 mg, 127 μmol) in aq. HCl (3.0 mL, 3.0 N) and Ethanol (3.0 mL) was added Stannous chloride dihydrate (143 mg, 634 μmol) at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 4 h before it was adjusted to pH = 10 by aq. NaOH (2.0 M) and extracted with DCM. The combined organic phases were dried over Na2SO4 and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by prep-TLC(DCM / MeOH=10:1) to give (R)-N-((R)- 1-(3-amino-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-6-bromo-2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8- carboxamide (50.0 mg, 89% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+444.2. Step 2: To a stirred solution of (2R)-N-[(1R)-1-[3-amino-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-6-bromo-2-methyl- 2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (40.0 mg, 90.2 μmol) in 1,4-dioxane (3.0 mL) were sequentially added 1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H- pyrazole (46.6 mg, 180 μmol), potassium phosphate (57.5 mg, 270 μmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl2(6.6 mg, 9.0 μmol) and Water (0.3 mL) at 25 ℃. The mixture was warmed to 100 ℃ and stirred at that temperature for 8 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 25 ℃, diluted with water (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (20 mL × 2). The combined organic phases were dried over Na2SO4and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by prep-TLC (DCM / MeOH=10:1) to give (R)-N-((R)-1-(3-amino-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-6-(1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4- yl)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (14.0 mg, 31% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+495.2. The following examples have been prepared in analogy to the representative procedures described for example 655. Example 687 To a stirred solution of (R)-N-((R)-1-(3-amino-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-6-bromo-2-methyl- 2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (80.0 mg, 180 μmol) in TEA (3.0 mL) and THF (3.0 mL) were sequentially added 4-ethynylpyridine (29. 8 mg, 289 μmol), Triphenylphosphine (9.5 mg, 36 μmol) and Palladium diacetate (16.2 mg, 72.2 μmol) at 25 ℃. The mixture was warmed to 100 ℃ and stirred at that temperature for 48 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 25 ℃, diluted with water (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (20 mL × 2). The combined organic phases were dried over Na2SO4and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by prep-TLC (DCM / MeOH=10:1) to give (R)-N-((R)-1-(3-amino-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2- methyl-6-(pyridin-4-ylethynyl)-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (14.0 mg, 17% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+466.2. The following examples have been prepared in analogy to the representative procedures described for example 687. Example 599 Step 1: To a stirred solution of (2R)-6-chloro-2-methyl-N-[(1R)-1-[3-nitro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]- 2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-8-carboxamide (80.0 mg, 186 μmol) in 1,4-dioxane (3.0 mL) were sequentially added 4-methylpiperidine-4-carbonitrile (57.8 mg, 465 μmol), RuPhos Pd G4 (15.8 mg, 18.6 μmol) and Cs2CO3 (182 mg, 558 μmol) at 25 ℃. The mixture was warmed to 100 °C and stirred at that temperature for 20 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 25 ℃ and diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic phases were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by prep- TLC (DCM / MeOH=10:1) to give (R)-6-(4-cyano-4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-2-methyl-N-((R)-1-(3- nitro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-8-carboxamide (40.0 mg, 41% yield) as a red solid . LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+518.2. Step 2: To a stirred solution of (2R)-6-(4-cyano-4-methyl-1-piperidyl)-2-methyl-N-[(1R)-1-[3-nitro-5- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-8-carboxamide (40.0 mg, 77.3 μmol) in 3.0 N HCl in water (2.0 mL) and Ethanol (2.0 mL) was added Stannous chloride dihydrate (87.2 mg, 386 μmol) at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred for 4 h at 25 °C. The mixture was adjusted to pH = 10 by 2.0 M aq. NaOH and extracted with DCM, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by prep-TLC(DCM / MeOH=10:1) to give (R)-N- ((R)-1-(3-amino-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-6-(4-cyano-4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-2-methyl-2,3- dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-8-carboxamide (20.0 mg, 53% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+488.2. Example 621 Step 1: To a stirred solution of (R)-6-bromo-2-methyl-N-((R)-1-(3-nitro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2,3- dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (60.0 mg, 127 μmol) in 3.0 N HCl in water (3.0 mL) and Ethanol (3.0 mL) was added stannous chloride dihydrate (143 mg, 634 μmol) at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred for 4 h at 25 °C. The mixture was adjusted to pH = 10 by 2.0 M aq. NaOH and extracted with DCM. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by prep-TLC(DCM / MeOH=10:1) to give (R)-N-((R)-1-(3-amino-5- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl) ethyl)-6-bromo-2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a] pyridine-8- carboxamide (50.0 mg, 88% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+444.2. Step 2: To a stirred solution of (2R)-N-[(1R)-1-[3-amino-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-6-bromo-2-methyl- 2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (50.0 mg, 113 μmol) and morpholine (39.0 mg, 451 μmol, 39.0 μL) in 1,4-dioxane (3.0 mL) was added sodium tert-butoxide (32.5 mg, 338 μmol) and tBuXPhos-Pd-G3 (9.0 mg, 11.2 μmol) at 25 °C. The mixture was warmed to 100 °C and stirred at that temperature for 24 h. The mixture was cooled to 25 °C, diluted with EA, washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by prep-TLC (DCM / MeOH=10:1) to give (R)-N-((R)-1-(3-amino-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2- methyl-6-morpholino-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (2.0 mg, 4% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+450.2.

[0008] Example 606 Step 1: To a stirred solution of 3-bromo-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenol (3.00 g, 12.5 mmol) in anhydrous 1,4- dioxane (30.0 mL) were sequentially added TEA (3.78 g, 37.34 mmol, 5.20 mL), tributyl(1- ethoxyvinyl)tin (5.39 g, 14.9 mmol, 5.05 mL) and Bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(ll)chloride (873 mg, 1.24 mmol) at 25 ℃. The mixture was warmed to 100 °C and stirred at that temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and treated with 1.0 N HCl and stirred for 3 h. The aqueous layer is extracted with EtOAc, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel eluting with EtOAc / PE from 10 to 20% in 60 min to give 1-(3-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethan-1-one (2.40 g, 94% yield) as a yellow oil. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+205.2. Step 2: A mixture of 1-[3-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethan-1-one (2.40 g, 11.8 mmol) and (R)-2- methylpropane-2-sulfinamide (2.85 g, 23.5 mmol) in THF (25.0 mL) and Titanium ethoxide (12.0 mL) was warmed to 85 °C and stirred at that temperature for 6 h. The mixture was diluted in DCM and water and filtered. The filtrate was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel eluting with EtOAc / PE from 10 to 100% in 30 min to give (R, E)-N-(1-(3-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethylidene)-2- methylpropane-2-sulfinamide (3.60 g, 99% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+308.2. Step 3: To a stirred mixture of (R, E)-N-(1-(3-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethylidene)-2- methylpropane-2-sulfinamide (3.60 g, 11.7 mmol) in MeOH (40.0 mL) was added trichloro cerium (1.73 g, 7.03 mmol) followed by NaBH4 (886 mg, 23.4 mmol) in portions at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 30 min before ice water was added and extracted with DCM. The organic phase was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (eluting with MeOH / DCM from 0 to 4% in 30 min) to give (R)-N-((R)-1-(3-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-methylpropane- 2-sulfinamide (3.00 g, 83% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+310.2. Step 4: To a stirred solution of (R)-N-((R)-1-(3-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-methylpropane-2- sulfinamide (0.65 g, 2.10 mmol) in Ethanol (6.0 mL) was added HCl / EtOH (6.0 mL, 4.0 M, 24 mmol) at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 0.5 h before it was concentrated in vacuo to give (R)-3- (1-aminoethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenol hydrochloride (500 mg, 98% yield) as a yellow solid which was used in the next step directly without further purification. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+206.2. Step 5: To a stirred solution of 3-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenol hydrochloride (500 mg, 2.07 mmol) and 5-bromo-2-fluoronicotinic acid (546 mg, 2.48 mmol) in DCM (5.0 mL) was added DIPEA (802 mg, 6.21 mmol, 1.08 mL) and HATU (1.18 g, 3.10 mmol) at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 2h before ice water was added and extracted with DCM. The organic phase was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with DCM / MeOH with MeOH from 0 to 5 % in 30 min to give (R)-5-bromo-2-fluoro-N-(1-(3- hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)nicotinamide (800 mg, 95% yield) as a white solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+408.2. Step 6: To a stirred solution of 5-bromo-2-fluoro-N-[(1R)-1-[3-hydroxy-5- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (800 mg, 1.96 mmol) and Acetyl chloride (185 mg, 2.36 mmol, 143 μL) in DCM (10.0 mL) was added TEA (596 mg, 5.89 mmol, 821 μL) at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred for 2h at 25 °C before ice water was added and extracted with DCM. The organic phase was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with DCM / MeOH with MeOH from 0 to 5 % in 30 min to give (R)-3-(1-(5-bromo-2- fluoronicotinamido)ethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl acetate (420 mg, 48% yield)as a white solid. LC- MS: m / z[M+H]+450.2. Step 7: To a stirred solution of [3-[(1R)-1-[(5-bromo-2-fluoro-pyridine-3-carbonyl)amino]ethyl]-5- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] acetate (420 mg, 935 μmol) and (R)-2-aminopropan-1-ol (105 mg, 1.40 mmol) in DMSO (4.0 mL) was added TEA (284 mg, 2.81 mmol, 391 μL) at 25 °C. The mixture was warmed to 80 °C and stirred at that temperature for 6 h. The mixture was diluted with EA, washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give (Z)-5-bromo-N-((R)-1- (3-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-(((R)-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)imino)-1,2- dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide (430 mg, 99% yield) as a yellow oil which was used in the next step directly without further purification. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+462.0. Step 8: To a stirred solution of (Z)-5-bromo-N-((R)-1-(3-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-(((R)-1- hydroxypropan-2-yl)imino)-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide (430 mg, 930 μmol) in DCM (8.0 mL) was added TEA (471 mg, 4.65 mmol, 648 μL) followed by Methane sulfonic anhydride (324 mg, 1.86 mmol) at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 2h before ice water was added and extracted with DCM. The organic phase was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with DCM / MeOH with MeOH from 0 to 2 % in 30 min to give 3-((R)-1-((R)-6-bromo-2-methyl-2,3- dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamido)ethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl methane sulfonate (420 mg, 86 % yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+522.0. Step 9: To a stirred solution of [3-[(1R)-1-[[(2R)-6-bromo-2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8- carbonyl]amino]ethyl]-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] methane sulfonate (420 mg, 804 μmol) in sodium ethylate in ethanol (6.0 mL, 20% wt.%) and Ethanol (6.0 mL) at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 2 h before ice water was added and extracted with DCM. The organic phase was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with DCM / MeOH with MeOH from 0 to 5 % in 30 min to give (R)-6-bromo-N-((R)-1-(3-hydroxy-5- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (260 mg, 73% yield)as a white solid. LC-MS: m / z[M+H]+445.2. Step 10: To a stirred solution of (2R)-6-bromo-N-[(1R)-1-[3-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-2- methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (50.0 mg, 113 μmol) in 1,4-dioxane (3.0 mL) were sequentially added 1-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole (46.8 mg, 225 μmol), potassium phosphate (71.7 mg, 337 μmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl2 (8.2 mg, 11.3 μmol) and water (0.3 mL) at 25 ℃. The mixture was warmed to 100 ℃ and stirred at that temperature for 8 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 25 ℃, diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by prep-TLC (DCM / MeOH=10:1) to give (R)-N-((R)-1-(3-hydroxy-5- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-methyl-6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2- a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (17.0 mg, 33 % yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+446.2. The following examples have been prepared in analogy to the representative procedures described for example 606. Example 605 Step 1: To a stirred solution of 3-bromo-4-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)aniline (3.00 g, 11.6 mmol) in 1,4- dioxane (30.0 mL) was added TEA (3.53 g, 34.9 mmol, 4.86 mL) , tributyl(1-ethoxyvinyl)tin (5.04 g, 13.9 mmol, 4.71 mL) and Bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(ll)chloride (816 mg, 1.16 mmol) at 25 °C. The mixture was warmed to 100 °C and stirred at that temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and treated with 1.0 N HCI and stirred for 3 h. The aqueous layer is extracted with EtOAc, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with DCM / MeOH with MeOH from 0 to 2 % in 30 min to give 1-(5-amino-2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethan-1-one (2.40 g, 93% yield) as a yellow oil. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+222.2. Step 2: A mixture of 1-[5-amino-2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanone (2.40 g, 10.9 mmol) and (R)-2- methylpropane-2-sulfinamide (2.63 g, 21.7 mmol) in THF (25.0 mL) and Titanium ethoxide (10.0 mL) was warmed to 85 °C and stirred at that temperature for 6 h. The mixture was diluted in DCM and water and filtered. The filtrate was separated, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel eluting with EtOAc / PE from 10 to 100% in 30 min to give (R,E)-N-(1-(5-amino-2-fluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethylidene)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide (3.50 g, 99% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+325.2. Step 3: To a stirred mixture of (R,E)-N-(1-(5-amino-2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethylidene)-2- methylpropane-2-sulfinamide (3.50 g, 10.8 mmol) in MeOH (30.0 mL) was added trichloro cerium (1.60 g, 6.47 mmol, 402 μL) followed by NaBH4 (817 mg, 21.6 mmol) in portions at 25 °C . The mixture was stirred for 30 min before ice water was added and extracted with DCM. The organic phase was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel eluting with DCM / MeOH from 0 to 4% in 30 min to give (R)-N-((R)-1-(5-amino-2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2- methylpropane-2-sulfinamide (3.20 g, 90% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+327.2. Step 4: To a stirred solution of (R)-N-[(1R)-1-[5-amino-2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-2-methyl- propane-2-sulfinamide (3.20 g, 9.81 mmol) in Ethanol (30.0 mL) was added HCl / EtOH (30.0 mL, 4.0 M, 120 mmol) at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred at that temperature for 0.5 h before it was concentrated in vacuo to afford (R)-3-(1-aminoethyl)-4-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)aniline hydrochloride (2.50 g, 99% yield) as a yellow solid which was used in the next step directly without further purification. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+259.2. Step 5: To a stirred solution of 3-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]-4-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)aniline hydrochloride (400 mg, 1.55 mmol) and 5-bromo-2-fluoronicotinic acid (408 mg, 1.86 mmol) in DCM (5.0 mL) was added DIPEA (600 mg, 4.64 mmol, 808. μL) and HATU (882 mg, 2.32 mmol) at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred for 2 h at 25 °C before ice water was added and extracted with DCM. The organic phase was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with DCM / MeOH with MeOH from 0 to 5 % in 30 min to give (R)-N-(1-(5-amino-2-fluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-5-bromo-2-fluoronicotinamide (600 mg, 91% yield)as a white solid. LC-MS: m / z[M+H]+425.2. Step 6: To a stirred solution of N-[(1R)-1-[5-amino-2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-5-bromo-2- fluoro-pyridine-3-carboxamide (600 mg, 1.41 mmol) and (R)-2-aminopropan-1-ol (159 mg, 2.12 mmol) in DMSO (10.0 mL) was added TEA (429 mg, 4.24 mmol, 591 μL) at 25 °C. The mixture was warmed to 80 °C and stirred at that temperature for 6 h. Then the mixture was diluted with EA, washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give (Z)-N-((R)- 1-(5-amino-2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-5-bromo-2-(((R)-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)imino)- 1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide (670 mg, 99 % yield) as a yellow oil. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+480.0. Step 7: To a stirred solution of (2Z)-N-[(1R)-1-[5-amino-2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-5-bromo- 2-[(1R)-2-hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl]imino-1H-pyridine-3-carboxamide (670 mg, 1.40 mmol) in DCM (10.0 mL) was added TEA (707 mg, 6.99 mmol, 974 μL) followed by Methane sulfonic anhydride (365 mg, 2.10 mmol) at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred for 30 min at 25 °C before ice water was added and extracted with DCM. The organic phase was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with DCM / MeOH with MeOH from 0 to 2 % in 30 min to give (R)-N-((R)-1-(5-amino-2-fluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl) ethyl)-6-bromo-2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a] pyridine-8- carboxamide (160 mg, 25% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+462.0. Step 8: To a stirred solution of (2R)-N-[(1R)-1-[5-amino-2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-6-bromo- 2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (50.0 mg, 108 μmol) in 1,4-dioxane (3.0 mL) were sequentially added 1-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole (45.1 mg, 217 μmol), potassium phosphate (69.0 mg, 325 μmol), Pd(dppf)Cl2(7.9 mg, 10.8 μmol) and Water (0.3 mL) at 25 ℃. The mixture was warmed to 100 ℃ and stirred at that temperature for 8 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 25 ℃, diluted with water, extracted with EtOAc, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by prep-TLC (DCM / MeOH=10:1) to give (R)-N-((R)-1-(5-amino-2-fluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-methyl-6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2- a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (5.6 mg, 11% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+463.2. The following examples have been prepared in analogy to the representative procedures described for example 605.

[0009] Example 504 To a stirred solution of (2R)-6-(2-acetyl-4-pyridyl)-N-[(1R)-1-[3-(difluoromethyl)-2-fluoro- phenyl]ethyl]-2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (10.0 mg, 21.4 μmol) in Ethanol (2.0 mL) and Water (0.5 mL) was added hydroxylamine hydrochloride (14.8 mg, 213 μmol) at 25 °C. The mixture was warmed to 80 °C and stirred at that temperature for 8 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with water, washed with brine and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by Pre-HPLC eluting with CH3CN in water with CH3CN from 20% to 95% in 8 min to give (2R)-N-[(1R)-1-[3-(difluoromethyl)-2-fluoro- phenyl]ethyl]-6-[2-[(Z)-N-hydroxy-C-methyl-carbonimidoyl]-4-pyridyl]-2-methyl-2,3- dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (6.5 mg, 63% yield) as an orange solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+484.2. Example 492 To a stirred solution of (2R)-6-bromo-N-[(1R)-1-[3-(difluoromethyl)-2-fluoro-phenyl]ethyl]-2- methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (50 mg, 118 μmol) in dioxane (2.0 mL) were sequentially added 1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile (16.3 mg, 175 μmol), (1S,2S)-N1,N2- dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine (16.6 mg, 117 μmol) and Cs2CO3 (38.0 mg, 118 μmol) and CuI (22.2 mg, 117 μmol) at 25 ℃. The mixture was warmed to 110 ℃ and stirred at that temperature for 48 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 25 ℃, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by Pre-HPLC eluting with CH3CN in water with CH3CN from 20% to 95% in 8 min to give (2R)-6-(4-cyanopyrazol-1-yl)-N-[(1R)-1-[3-(difluoromethyl)-2-fluoro-phenyl]ethyl]-2- methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (11.6 mg, 23% yield) as an orange solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+441.1. The following examples have been prepared in analogy to the representative procedures described for example 492. Example 779 To a stirred solution of (R)-6-bromo-N-((R)-1-(2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-methyl- 2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (50.0 mg, 112 μmol) in 1,4-Dioxane (3.0 mL) were sequentially added 4-(tributylstannyl)thiazole (62.9 mg, 168 μmol), Bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) chloride (7.9 mg, 11 μmol) and TEA (56.7 mg, 560 μmol, 78.0 μL) at 25°C. The mixture was warmed to 100 °C and stirred at that temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 25 ℃, diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The prganic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by prep-TLC(DCM / MeOH=10:1) to give (R)-N-((R)-1-(2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2- methyl-6-(thiazol-4-yl)-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (4.8 mg, 10% yield) as a yellow solid.LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+451.2. The following examples have been prepared in analogy to the representative procedures described for example 779.

[0010] Example 648 Step 1: To a mixture of 4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid (3.00 g, 14.4 mmol) in Nitric Acid (15.0 mL) was added Sulfuric acid (7.07 g, 72.1 mmol) at 0°C. The mixture was stirred at 75°C for 5 h before it was quenched with ice water (40.0 mL) and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 4-fluoro-3- nitro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid (2.50 g, 69% yield) as a white solid which was used in the next step directly without further purification. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+253.9. Step 2: To a solution of 4-fluoro-3-nitro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid (2.50 g, 9.88 mmol) in Ethanol / Water (10.0 mL) were sequentially added Iron powder (1.65 g, 29.6 mmol, 211 μL) and Ammonium chloride (1.59 g, 29.6 mmol) at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 5 h before it was quenched with ice water (40.0 mL) and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 3-amino-4- fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid (2.00 g, 91% yield) which was used in the next step directly without further purification. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+223.9. Step 3: To a solution of 3-amino-4-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid (2.00 g, 8.96 mmol) in DCM (10.0 mL) were added sequentially TEA (907 mg, 8.96 mmol, 1.25 mL) and acetyl acetate (2.75 g, 26.9 mmol, 2.54 mL) at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred at that temperature for 3 h before it was quenched with aq. NaHCO3(5.0 mL) and filtered. The filtrate was extracted with DCM. The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4and filtered. The solvent was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with EtOAc / petroleum ether to give 3-acetamido-4-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid (1.50 g, 63% yield) as a colorless oil. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+265.9. Step 4: To a solution of 3-acetamido-4-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid (1.50 g, 5.66 mmol) in DCM (20.0 mL) were added sequentially HOBt (1.73 g, 11.31 mmol), EDCI (2.17 g, 11.3 mmol), N- methoxymethanamine (346 mg, 5.66 mmol) and 4-methylmorpholine (1.72 g, 17.0 mmol, 1.87 mL) at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred at that temperature for 3 h before it was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with water (20.0 mL) and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel eluting with EtOAc / petroleum ether to give 3-acetamido-4-fluoro-N-methoxy-N-methyl-5- (trifluoromethyl)benzamide (1.00 g, 57% yield) as a colorless oil. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+309.0. Step 5: To a solution of 3-acetamido-4-fluoro-N-methoxy-N-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (1.00 g, 3.24 mmol) in THF (10.0 mL) was added the solution of Lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (3.24 mL, 1.0 M, 3.24 mmol) at 0°C. The mixture was stirred at 0°C for 30 min before Methyl Magnesium Bromide (3.64 mL, 1.0 M, 3.64 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 0°C for 3 h before it was quenched with ice water (2.0 mL). The mixture was adjusted to pH = 4 with HCl, then extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by prep-TLC to give N-[5-acetyl-2-fluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]acetamide (600 mg, 70% yield) as a colorless oil. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+263.9. Step 6: To a solution of N-[5-acetyl-2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]acetamide (600 mg, 2.28 mmol) in THF (30 mL) were sequentially added Titanium ethoxide (1.56 g, 6.84 mmol, 1.43 mL) and (R)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide (553 mg, 4.56 mmol) at 25 °C. The mixture was warmed to 80° C and stirred at that temperature for 2 h before it was cooled to 0 °C and used in the next step directly without any workup. Step 7: To a stirred solution of N-[5-[(E)-N-[(R)-tert-butylsulfinyl]-C-methyl-carbonimidoyl]-2-fluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]acetamide (600 mg, 1.64 mmol) in Methanol (5.0 mL) was added Sodium borohydride (185.86 mg, 4.91 mmol) at 0 °C. The mixture was warmed to 25 °C and stirred at that temperature for 2 h before it was filtered and washed with THF (50 mL × 2). The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel eluting with EtOAc / petroleum ether to give N-[5-[1-[[(R)-tert-butylsulfinyl]amino]ethyl]-2-fluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]acetamide (500 mg, 83% yield) as a yellow oil. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+369.0. Step 8: To a solution of N-[5-[1-[[(R)-tert-butylsulfinyl]amino]ethyl]-2-fluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]acetamide (500 mg, 1.36 mmol) in MeOH (2.0 mL) was added HCl (5.0 mL, 4.0 M in EtOAc, 20 mmol) at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred at that temperature for 10 min before it was concentrated under reduced pressure to give N-[5-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]-2-fluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]acetamide (300 mg, 84% yield) as a yellow oil which was used in the next step directly without further purification. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+265.0. Step 9: A mixture of N-[5-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]-2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]acetamide (300 mg, 1.14 mmol), 5-bromo-2-fluoro-pyridine-3-carboxylic acid (250 mg, 1.14 mmol), HATU (475 mg, 1.25 mmol) and DIPEA (440 mg, 3.41 mmol, 593 μL) in DMF (5.0 mL) was stirred at 25 °C for 30 min before it was diluted with MeOH and purified by pre-HPLC with MeCN in water to give N-[(1R)-1- [3-acetamido-4-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-5-bromo-2-fluoro-pyridine-3-carboxamide (300 mg, 57% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+465.9. Step 10: A mixture of N-[(1R)-1-[3-acetamido-4-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-5-bromo-2-fluoro- pyridine-3-carboxamide (300 mg, 644 μmol), (2R)-2-aminopropan-1-ol (72.5 mg, 965 μmol) and TEA (195 mg, 1.93 mmol, 269 μL) in DMSO (10.0 mL) was warmed to 80 °C and stirred at that temperature for 2 h. The mixture was cooled and purified by pre-HPLC with MeCN in water to give N-[(1R)-1-[3-acetamido-4-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-5-bromo-2-[[(1R)-2-hydroxy- 1-methyl-ethyl]amino]pyridine-3-carboxamide (300 mg, 89% yield) as a yellow oil. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+520.9. Step 11: To a stirred solution of N-[(1R)-1-[3-acetamido-4-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-5-bromo-2- [[(1R)-2-hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl]amino]pyridine-3-carboxamide (300 mg, 575 μmol) and Triethylamine (291 mg, 2.88 mmol, 401 μL) in Dichloromethane (10.0 mL) was added Methanesulfonic anhydride (201 mg, 1.15 mmol) slowly at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred at that temperature for 10 min before it was quenched with 1.0 mL water. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was purified by pre-HPLC with MeCN in water to give (2R)-N-[(1R)-1-[3-acetamido- 4-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-6-bromo-2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8- carboxamide (200 mg, 69% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+503.0. Step 12: To a stirred solution of (2R)-N-[(1R)-1-[3-acetamido-4-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-6- bromo-2-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (50.0 mg, 99.4 μmol) in Dioxane / Water (10.0 mL) were added sequentially 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridine (24.0 mg, 119 μmol), Pd(PPh3)4(11.0 mg, 9.9 μmol) and K2CO3(34.0 mg, 248 μmol) at 25 °C. The mixture was warmed to 90 °C and stirred at that temperature for 4 h before it was cooled, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel using DCM / MeOH = 10:l to 1:1 and further purified by pre-HPLC with MeCN in water to afford (2R)-N-[(1R)-1-[3-acetamido-4-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-2- methyl-6-(4-pyridyl)-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (20.0 mg, 40% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+502.0. Step 13: A solution of (2R)-N-[(1R)-1-[3-acetamido-4-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-2-methyl-6-(4- pyridyl)-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (20.0 mg, 39.9 μmol) in Hydrochloric acid (10.0 mL, 6.0 M in water, 60.0 mmol) was warmed to 80 °C and stirred at that temperature for 30 min before it was cooled and adjusted to pH =7. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was purified by pre-HPLC with MeCN in water to give (2R)-N-[(1R)-1-[3-amino-4-fluoro-5- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-2-methyl-6-(4-pyridyl)-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8- carboxamide (5.0 mg, 27% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+460.1. The following examples have been prepared in analogy to the representative procedures described for Example 648.

[0011] Example 802 To a stirred solution of (R)-N-((R)-1-(3-(difluoromethyl)-2-fluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-methyl-6-(1,4- dioxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decan-8-yl)-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-8-carboxamide (15.0 mg, 30.5 μmol) in EtOAc (2.0 mL) was added HCl / EtOAc (0.2 mL, 0.8 mmol, 4.0 M) at 25 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 18 h. The reaction mixture was treated with aq. NaHCO3 and extracted with EtOAc (2 × 20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by Pre-HPLC eluting with CH3CN in water with CH3CN from 20% to 50% in 8 min to give (R)-N-((R)-1-(3-(difluoromethyl)-2- fluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-methyl-6-(4-oxopiperidin-1-yl)-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-8- carboxamide (6.0 mg, 42 % yield) as a red solid . LC-MS: m / z [M+H]+447.9. Biological Assays a. KRAS::SOS1 AlphaScreen Binding Assay This assay is used to examine the potency with which compounds inhibit the protein protein interaction between SOS1 and KRAS G12D in a defined biochemical setting. Low IC50values of given compounds are indicative of high potency of the SOS1 inhibitor compounds in this assay setting. Reagents: ^ GST-TEV-SOS1 (564-1049) and His-TEV-Avi-KRAS G12D (1-169) are purchased from Viva Biotech (Shanghai) Ltd. ^ GDP (Sigma, Cat. G7127) ^ AlphaLISA Glutathione Acceptor Beads (PerkinElmer, Cat. AL109C) ^ AlphaScreen Streptavidin Donor Beads (PerkinElmer, Cat.6760002S) ^ Assay plates: ProxiPlate-384 Plus, White 384-shallow well Microplate (PerkinElmer, Cat. 6008280) Assay buffer: ^ PBS, pH 7.4 (Gibco, Cat.10010023) ^ 0.05 % Tween 20 (Sigma, Cat. P7949-100ML) ^ 0.1 % Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) (Sigma, Cat. A1933-5G) Assay protocol: SOS1 inhibitor compounds were diluted to a final start concentration of 1 μΜ. Serial dilutions of compounds were made using Tecan D300e Digital Dispenser in 9 concentrations with serial 1:3 dilutions.100 nL of compound solution was transferred to the 384-well assay plate per well, covering a range between 1 μM and 0.15 nM minimum in duplicate.10 nM (final assay concentration) KRAS G12D, 5 nM (final assay concentration) SOS1 and 10 μΜ (final assay concentration) GDP were mixed in assay buffer, and 5 μL of KRAS::SOS1 GDP mix was added into the assay plate to the 100 nL of compound solution (final dilution in the assay 1:100, final DMSO concentration 1 %). After a 30 min incubation, AlphaLISA Glutathione Acceptor Beads and AlphaScreen Streptavidin Donor Beads were mixed in assay buffer at a concentration of 5 μg / mL (final assay concentration), and 5 μL of bead mix was added into the assay plate. Plates were kept at room temperature in a darkened incubator for 3 h. After a 3 h incubation, the signal was determined using Envision (PerkinElmer). The excitation wavelength is 680 nm, and emission 615 nm. IC50values were calculated and analyzed using GraphPad Prism. Compound IC50 Values in KRAS::SOS1 AlphaScreen Binding Assay

[0012] The purpose of cell proliferation assay is to examine the potency with which compounds inhibit the SOS1-mediated proliferation of cancer cell lines in vitro in a defined cellular setting. Low IC50 values are indicative of high potency of the compounds in this assay setting. It is observed that SOS1 inhibitor compounds demonstrate a potent inhibitory effect on the proliferation of KRAS mutant human cancer cell lines. Cell proliferation assay is performed in three-dimensional (3D) ultra-low conditions with the human cell line NCI-H358, a human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line with a KRAS G12C mutation. Materials used: ^ 96-well Clear Round Bottom Ultra-Low Attachment Microplate (Corning, Cat.7007) ^ 96-well Flat Clear Bottom White Polystyrene TC-treated Microplates (Corning, Cat.3610) ^ RPMI-1640 Medium (Gibco, Cat.22400105) ^ Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) (Gibco, Cat.10099141C) ^ 0.25 % Trypsin-EDTA (Gibco, Cat.25200056) ^ Penicillin-Streptomycin (Gibco, Cat.15140122) ^ CellTiter-Glo 3D Cell Viability Assay (Promega, Cat. G9683) Assay protocol: NCI-H358 cells (ATCC, Cat. CRL-5807) were grown in cell culture flasks using RPMI medium supplemented with 10 % FBS. Cells were incubated at 37 °C and 5 % CO2in a humidified atmosphere, with sub-cultivation performed twice a week. Cells were trypsinized, counted and plated in 96-well ultra-low adhesion plates for 3D cell viability determination. The day after plating, serial dilutions of SOS1 inhibitor compounds were made using Tecan D300e Digital Dispenser to evaluate a concentration-dependent effect on cell viability. The concentration of the test compounds covered a range between 5 μM and 0.76 nM with serial 1:3 dilutions in 9 concentrations. 0.5 μL serial dilutions of the compounds were added in duplicates.3 days later, the CellTiter-Glo 3D Cell Viability Assay was used to measure cell viability effects of SOS1 inhibitor compounds in 3D format. Luminescent intensity was determined using Envision (PerkinElmer). Data is analyzed and IC50 values are calculated using GraphPad Prism. Compound IC50Values in H358 Cell Proliferation Assay

Claims

CLAIMS 1.a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a tautomer, or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein:each of R9, R9’, and R9'', is independently H, halogen, or C1-6alkyl; each of R10, R10’, and R10'', is independently H, halogen, C1-6alkyl, C1-6haloalkyl, C1-6hydroxyalkyl, C1-6alkyleneC1-4alkoxy, C1-6alkoxy, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, 3-6 membered carbocyclyl, 4-6 membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, or 5-6 membered heteroaryl; or any two of R9, R9’, R9'', R10, R10’, and R10''together with the carbon atom(s) to which they are attached form a 3-6 membered carbocyclyl or 4-6 membered heterocyclyl; wherein represents the point to which R1attaches; represents the point to which the C=O group attaches; Y is CRyor N; wherein Ryis H, halogen, -CN, -OH, C1-4alkyl, C1-4alkoxy, 3-6 membered carbocyclyl, 3-12 membered heterocyclyl, 6-10 membered aryl, or 5-10 membered heteroaryl wherein the carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl or heteroaryl represented by Ryis optionally substituted with one to three groups selected from -OH, halogen, -CN, C1-6alkyl, C1-6haloalkyl, C1-6alkoxy, and C1-6haloalkoxy; ring A is phenyl; R7, in each occurrence, is independently halogen, -CN, C1-4alkyl, C1-4haloalkyl (optionally substituted with –OH), OH, or NR7aR7b; each of R7aand R7bis independently H or C1-4alkyl, ortwo adjacent R7groups together with the atoms to which they are attached form 4-6 membered carbocycle or 4-6 membered heterocycle; wherein the 4-6 membered carbocycle or 4-6 membered heterocycle is optionally substituted with one or more halogen or C1-4alkyl; n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; R1is halogen, -CN, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6alkoxy, 3-12 membered carbocyclyl, -O-3-12 membered carbocyclyl, -NH-3-12 membered carbocyclyl, 3-12 membered heterocyclyl, -C(=O)-3-12 membered heterocyclyl, -O-3-12 membered heterocyclyl, -NH-3-12 membered heterocyclyl, 6-10 membered aryl, -O-6-10 membered aryl, -NH-6-10 membered aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, -O-5-10 membered heteroaryl, or -NH-5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl represented by R1or in the group represented by R1is optionally substituted with one or more R11; wherein R11, in each occurrence, is independently selected from halogen, -CN, oxo (as appropriate), =NH (as appropriate) C1-6alkyl, C1-6haloalkyl, C1-6hydroxyalkyl, C2-4alkenyl, C2-4alkynyl (optionally substituted with C1-4hydroxyalkyl), C1-6alkoxy, C1-6haloalkoxy, C1-6alkyleneC1-4alkoxy, OR1a, -CHO, -COOH, -C(O)R1a, -C(O)OR1a, -(CH2)0or 1C(O)NR1aR1b, -C(O)CH2NR1aR1b, -OC(O)NR1aR1b, -NO2, -(CH2)0 or 1NR1aR1b, -NR1aC(O)R1a, -P(O)R1aR1b, -(CH2)0or 1SO2R1a, -(CH2)0or 1SO2NR1aR1b, -(CH2)0or 1-3-6 membered carbocyclyl, 3-12 membered heterocyclyl, and 5-10 heteroaryl, wherein the C1-6alkyl represented by R11or in the group represented by R11is optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, CN, OH, =NOH, C1-6alkyl, or C1-6alkoxy, the C1-6alkoxy represented by R11or in the group represented by R11is optionally substituted with one or more deuterium or halogen; the 3-6 membered carbocyclyl, 3-12 membered heterocyclyl, or 5-10 heteroaryl represented by R11or in the group represented by R11is optionally substituted with one or more CN, -OH, oxo (as appropriate), C1-6alkyl, or C1-6alkoxy; R1aand R1bare independently selected from the group consisting of H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, 3-6 membered carbocyclyl, 4-6 membered heterocyclyl, and 5-6 membered heteroaryl wherein the alkyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl represented by R1aor R1bis optionally substituted with one or more halogen, CN, OH, C1-6alkyl, or C1-6alkoxy; or R1aand R1b, together with the N or P atom to which they are attached form 4-6 membered heterocyclyl optionally substituted with C1-6alkyl; wherein the heterocyclyl comprises 1-3 heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur; and the heteroaryl comprises 1-4 heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur.

2. The compound of claim 1, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein the cowherein Y is CRyor N; Ryis H, halogen, -CN, C1-4alkyl, or C1-4alkoxy.

3. The compound of claim 2, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein the compound is represented by formula (IIIA’-1), (IIIA’-2), (IIIB’-1) or (IIIB’-2):

4. The compound of claim 3, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein the compound is represented by formula (VA’) or (VB’):

5. The compound of claim 3, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein the compound is represented by formula (VC’) or (VD’):

6. The compound of any one of claims 1-5, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein each of R9, R9’, and R9'', is independently H or C1-2alkyl; each of R10, R10’, and R10”is independently H, C1-4alkyl, C1-4haloalkyl, C1-4hydroxyalkyl, C1-4alkyleneC1-4alkoxy, C1-4alkoxy, 3-6 membered cycloalkyl, or phenyl; or any of R9and R10, R9'and R10', R9”and R10”, R10and R10’, and R10’and R10”, together with the carbon atom(s) to which they are attached form 3-6 membered cycloalkyl or 4-6 membered heterocyclyl.

7. The compound of claim 6, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein each of R9, R9’, and R9'', is independently H or -CH3; each of R10, R10’, and R10”is independently H, -CH3, ethyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, isobutyl, -CH2F, -CH2OH, –CH2OCH3, cyclohexyl, tetrahydro-2H-pyranyl or phenyl; or any of R9and R10, R9'and R10', R9”and R10”, R10and R10’, and R10’and R10”, together with the carbon atom(s) to which they are attached form cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, or tetrahydro-2H-pyranyl.

8. The compound of claim 6, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein (i) R9and R10, is independently H or -CH3; each of R9’and R10’, is independently H; or (ii) each of R9’and R10’, is independently H or -CH3; each of R9and R10, is independently H; or (iii) each of R9”and R10”, is independently H or -CH3; each of R9, R10, R9’, and R10’, is independently H.

9. The compound of any one of claims 1-8, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein R7, in each occurrence, is independently halogen, -CN, -OH -NH2, C1-2alkyl, or C1-2haloalkyl (optionally substituted with –OH); or two adjacent R7groups together with the atoms to which they are attached form 4-6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with one or two halogen; and n is 0, 1, 2, or 3.

10. The compound of claim 9, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein R7, in each occurrence, is independently halogen, -CN, -OH, -NH2, C1-2alkyl, or C1-2haloalkyl optionally substituted with –OH; and n is 0, 1, or 2.

11. The compound of claim 9, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein, , , , ,12. The compound of any one of claims 1-11, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein: R1is halogen, -CN, C1-4alkyl, C2-4alkenyl, C2-4alkynyl, C1-4alkoxy, 3-6 membered carbocyclyl, 4-10 membered heterocyclyl, -O-4-10 membered heterocyclyl, -NH-4-10 membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, -C(=O)-4-10 membered heterocyclyl or 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, phenyl, or heteroaryl represented by R1or in the group represented by R1is optionally substituted with one to four R11; wherein R11, in each occurrence, is independently selected from halogen, -CN, oxo (as appropriate), =NH (as appropriate), C1-4alkyl, C1-4haloalkyl, C1-4hydroxyalkyl, C2-4alkenyl, C2-4alkynyl (optionally substituted with C1-4hydroxyalkyl), C1-4alkoxy, C1-4haloalkoxy, C1-4alkyleneC1-4alkoxy, -OR1a, -(CH2)0 or 1NR1aR1b, -CHO, -COOH, -C(O)R1a, -C(O)OR1a, -(CH2)0 or 1C(O)NR1aR1b, -C(O)CH2NR1aR1b, -OC(O)NR1aR1b, -NO2, NR1aC(O)R1a, -(CH2)0 or 1SO2R1a, -(CH2)0 or 1SO2NR1aR1b, -P(O)R1aR1b, -(CH2)0 or 1-3-6 membered carbocyclyl, 4-6 membered heterocyclyl, and 5-6 membered heteroaryl, wherein the C1-4alkyl represented by R11or in the group represented by R11is optionally substituted with one CN, OH, =NOH, C1-4alkoxy, or one to three deuterium; the C1-4alkoxy represented by R11or in the group represented by R11is optionally substituted with one to three groups selected from deuterium and halogen; the 3-6 membered carbocyclyl, 4-6 membered heterocyclyl, or 5-6 membered heteroaryl represented by R11or in the group represented by R11is optionally substituted with one to three CN, -OH, oxo (as appropriate), C1-6alkyl, or C1-6alkoxy; R1aand R1bare independently selected from the group consisting of H, C1-4alkyl, C2-4alkenyl, 3-6 membered carbocyclyl, 4-6 membered heterocyclyl, and5-6 membered heteroaryl wherein the alkyl carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl represented by R1aor R1bis optionally substituted with one to three halogen, CN, OH, C1-4alkyl, or C1-4alkoxy; or R1aand R1b, together with the N or P atom to which they are attached form 4-6 membered heterocyclyl optionally substituted with C1-4alkyl.

13. The compound of any one of claims 1-11, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein R1is 4-6 membered monocyclic carbocyclyl, 4-6 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl, phenyl, or 5-6 membered heteroaryl, wherein the 4-6 membered monocyclic carbocyclyl, 4-6 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl, phenyl, or 5-6 membered heteroaryl represented by R1is optionally substituted with one to four R11; R11, in each occurrence, is independently halogen, -CN, -OH, oxo (as appropriate), C1-4alkyl, C1-4haloalkyl, C1-4alkoxy, -COOH, -C(O)C1-4alkyl, -C(O)OC1-4alkyl, -C(O)NR1aR1b, -OC(O)NR1aR1b, -NO2, -(CH2)0or 1NR1aR1b, -NR1aC(O)C1-4alkyl, -SO2C1-4alkyl, -(CH2)0or 1-3-6 membered carbocyclyl, 4-6 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl, or 5-6 membered heteroaryl; wherein the C1-4alkyl represented by R11or in the group represented by R11is optionally substituted with one group selected from -CN, -OH, and C1-4alkoxy, or one to three groups selected from deuterium; the C1-4alkoxy represented by R11or in the group represented by R11is optionally substituted with one to three groups selected from deuterium and halogen; the 3-6 membered carbocyclyl, 4-6 membered heterocyclyl, or 5-6 membered heteroaryl represented by R11or in the group represented by R11is optionally substituted with one or two groups selected from -CN, -OH, oxo (as appropriate), and C1-4alkyl; R1aand R1bare independently selected from the group consisting of H, C1-4alkyl and 3-6 membered carbocyclyl, wherein the alkyl or carbocyclyl represented by R1aor R1bis optionally substituted with one to three halogen, -CN, -OH, C1-4alkyl, or C1-4alkoxy.

14. The compound of any one of claims 1-11, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein R1is cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, 6 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl, phenyl, or 5-6 membered heteroaryl, wherein the cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, 6 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl, phenyl, or 5-6 membered heteroaryl represented by R1is optionally substituted with one or two R11;R11, in each occurrence, is independently halogen, -CN, -OH, oxo (as appropriate), C1-4alkyl, C1-4haloalkyl, C1-4hydroxyalkyl, -C(O)C1-4alkyl, -C(O)NR1aR1b, -NR1aC(O)C1-4alkyl, -SO2C1-4alkyl, or 4-6 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl; the C1-4alkyl represented by R11or in the group represented by R11is optionally substituted with –OH or -CN; the 4-6 membered heterocyclyl represented by R11is optionally substituted with one or two groups selected from –OH, oxo (as appropriate) and C1-6alkyl; each of R1aand R1bis independently H or C1-4alkyl.

15. The compound of any one of claims 1-11, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein R1is CN, vinyl, ethynyl, ethoxyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, azetidinyl, -NH-tetrahydrofuranyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolyl, phenyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, -NH-morpholinyl, -C(O)-morpholinyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, dihydropyridinyl, tetrahydropyridinyl, dihydropyranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, -NH-tetrahydropyranyl, -O-tetrahydrofuran, dihydrothiopyranyl, isoindolinonyl, hexahydro-1H-furo[3,4-c]pyrrole, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazolyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolyl, 5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrazolyl, 3-oxa-6-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanyl, 3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptanyl, 6-oxa-3-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanyl, 6-oxa-2-azaspiro[3.4]octanyl, 2-oxa-5-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl, 3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanyl, 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-enyl, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl, 2,5-dihydrofuranyl, 2-oxaspiro[3.5]non-6-enyl, 2-oxa-6-azaspiro[3.3]heptanyl, 3-oxa-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanyl, 8-oxa-3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanyl, 3-oxa-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanyl, 7-azaspiro[3.5]nonanyl, 1-oxa-7-azaspiro[3.5]nonanyl, 2-oxa-7-azaspiro[3.5]nonanyl, 1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decanyl, 1-azaspiro[4.5]dec-7-enyl, 1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]dec-7-enyl, 1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decanyl, pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridinyl, pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidinyl, pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridinyl, indazolyl, or quinolinyl; wherein the ethynyl, ethoxyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, azetidinyl, -NH-tetrahydrofuranyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolyl, phenyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, -NH-morpholinyl, -C(O)-morpholinyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, dihydropyridinyl, tetrahydropyridinyl, dihydropyranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, -NH-tetrahydropyranyl, -O-tetrahydrofuran, dihydrothiopyranyl, isoindolinonyl, hexahydro-1H-furo[3,4-c]pyrrole, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazolyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolyl, 5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrazolyl, 3-oxa-6-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanyl, 3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptanyl, 6-oxa-3-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanyl, 6-oxa-2-azaspiro[3.4]octanyl, 2-oxa-5-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl, 3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanyl, 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-enyl, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl, 2,5-dihydrofuranyl, 2-oxaspiro[3.5]non-6-enyl,2-oxa-6-azaspiro[3.3]heptanyl, 3-oxa-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanyl, 8-oxa-3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanyl, 3-oxa-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanyl, 7-azaspiro[3.5]nonanyl, 1-oxa-7-azaspiro[3.5]nonanyl, 2-oxa-7-azaspiro[3.5]nonanyl, 1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decanyl, 1-azaspiro[4.5]dec-7-enyl, 1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]dec-7-enyl, 1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decanyl, pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridinyl, pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidinyl, pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridinyl, indazolyl, or quinolinyl represented by R1is optionally substituted with one to four R11; R11, in each occurrence, is independently selected from F, Cl, -CN, -OH, -NO2, -CH3, CH2F, -CHF2, -CF3, oxo (as appropriate), =NH (as appropriate) -CH2CH3, -CH2CN, -CH2CH2CN, -CH2OH, CH2CH2OH, CH2CH2OCH3, , -CH2NHCH3, -CH2CH2F, -CH2CHF2, -CH(CH3)2, -C(CH3)3, -CH2CF3, -C(CN)(CH3)2, -CH2CH(OH)CH3, -C(OH)(CH3)2, -C(CH3)2CH2OH -CH2C(CH3)2OH, -CH2OCH3, -OCH3, -OCD3, -OCH2CH3, -OCHF2, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OCH2CF3, -O-cyclopropyl, -OC(O)NHCH3, -OC(O)N(CH3)2, -OC(O)NH-cyclopropyl, cyclopropyl, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, -CHO, -COOH, -C(O)OCH3, -C(O)CH3, -C(O)C(CH3)3, -C(O)CH2F, -C(O)CH2CH3, -C(O)CH2OH, -C(O)CH2CF3, -C(O)cyclopropyl, -C(O)cyclopentyl, -C(O)-oxetanyl -C(O)-morpholinyl, -C(O)CH2OCH3, -COCH2N(CH3)2, -C(O)NHCH3, -C(O)NHC(CH3)3, -C(O)N(CH3)2, -C(O)N(CH3)CH2CH2OCH3, -CH2CON(CH3)2, -NH2, -NHCH3, -NHCH2CF3, -N(CH3)2, NHC(O)CH3, -NHC(O)CH2F, -NHC(O)CH2CN, -NHC(O)CH2OCH3, -N(CH3)C(O)CH3, N(CH3)C(O)CH2CN, -NHcyclopropyl, -P(O)(CH3)2, -CH2SO2CH3, -SO2CH3, -SO2NH2, ,.

16. The compound of claim 1, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein the compound is represented by formula (VII’):wherein Y is CH or N; R9is H or -CH3; R10is H or C1-4alkyl; R1is 4-6 membered monocyclic carbocyclyl, 5-6 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl, phenyl, or 5-6 membered heteroaryl, wherein the 4-6 membered monocyclic carbocyclyl, 5-6 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl, phenyl, or 5-6 membered heteroaryl represented by R1is optionally substituted with one to three R11; R11, in each occurrence, is independently halogen, -CN, -OH, oxo (as appropriate), C1-4alkyl, C1-4haloalkyl, C1-4alkoxy, C1-4haloalkoxy, -C(O)R1a, -C(O)OR1a, -C(O)NR1aR1b, -OC(O)NR1aR1b, -(CH2)0 or 1NR1aR1b, -NR1aC(O)R1a, -SO2R1a, 4-6 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl, or 5-6 membered heteroaryl; the C1-4alkyl represented by R11or in the group of R11is optionally substituted with -CN, -OH, or C1-4alkoxy; the 4-6 membered heterocyclyl or 5-6 membered heteroaryl represented by R11is optionally substituted with one or two groups selected from -CN, -OH, oxo (as appropriate), and C1-4alkyl; R1aand R1bare independently selected from the group consisting of H, C1-4alkyl and 3-6 membered carbocyclyl, wherein alkyl or carbocyclyl represented by R1aor R1bis optionally substituted with one to three halogen, CN, OH, C1-4alkyl, or C1-4alkoxy; R7, in each occurrence, is independently halogen, -CN, -NH2, C1-2alkyl, or C1-2haloalkyl optionally substituted with –OH; and n is 0, 1, 2, or 3.

17. The compound of claim 16, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein R1is 5-6 membered monocyclic carbocyclyl, 5-6 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl, phenyl, or 5-6 membered heteroaryl, wherein the 5-6 membered monocyclic carbocyclyl, 5-6 memberedmonocyclic heterocyclyl, phenyl, or 5-6 membered heteroaryl represented by R1is optionally substituted with one to two R11; R11, in each occurrence, is independently halogen, -CN, -OH, oxo (as appropriate), C1-4alkyl, C1-4haloalkyl, C1-4alkoxy, C1-4haloalkoxy, -C(O)C1-4alkyl, -C(O)OC1-4alkyl, -C(O)NR1aR1b, -OC(O)NR1aR1b, -(CH2)0or 1NR1aR1b, -NR1aC(O)C1-4alkyl, -SO2C1-4alkyl, 4-6 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl, or 5-6 membered heteroaryl; the C1-4alkyl represented by R11or in the group of R11is optionally substituted with -CN or -OH; the 4-6 membered heterocyclyl or 5-6 membered heteroaryl represented by R11is optionally substituted with one or two groups selected from -CN, -OH, oxo (as appropriate), and C1-4alkyl; R1aand R1bare independently selected from the group consisting of H or C1-4alkyl, wherein the alkyl represented by R1aor R1bis optionally substituted with one to three halogen, CN, C1-4alkyl, or C1-4alkoxy.

18. The compound of claim 17, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein R1is cyclohexenyl, dihydropyranyl, dihydropyridinyl, dihydrothiopyranyl, morpholinyl, oxazolidinyl, phenyl, piperidinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydropyridinyl, thiazolyl; each of which is optionally substituted with one or two R11; R11, in each occurrence, is independently selected from F, oxo (as appropriate), –OH, CN, -CH3, -CH2F, -CH2OH, -CH2CHF2,-CH2CH2CN, -CH2C(CH3)2OH, -C(O)CH3, -C(O)CH2OH, -CONHCH3, -NHCOCH3, -NHCOCH2CN, -SO2CH3, oxetanyl, or morpholinyl.

19. The compound of any one of claims 16-18, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein R7, in each occurrence, is independently -F, -Cl, -CN, -NH2, -CH3, -CHF2, -CF3, -CF2CH3, or -CF2CH2OH; R9is H or -CH3; and R10is -CH3; and n is 0, 1, or 2.

20. A compound of Table 1, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof.

21. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of any one of claims 1-20, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a stereoisomer thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.

22. A method of treating a subject with a disease and / or a condition wherein the inhibition of the interaction of SOS1 and a RAS-family protein or RAC1 is of therapeutic benefit comprisingadministering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of any one of claim 1-20, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof.

23. A method of treating a subject with cancer comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of any one of claim 1-20, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a stereoisomer thereof.

24. The method of claim 22 or 23, wherein the compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a stereoisomer thereof is administered in combination with a therapeutically effective amount of at least one other pharmacologically active substance.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein the at least one other pharmacologically active substance is an inhibitor of MEK and / or of mutants thereof.

26. The method of claim 23, wherein the cancer selected from the group consisting of pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, multiple myeloma, melanoma, uterine cancer, endometrial cancer, thyroid cancer, acute myeloid leukaemia, bladder cancer, urothelial cancer, gastric cancer, cervical cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, oesophageal cancer, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, hepatocellular cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, glioblastoma, renal cancer and sarcoma.

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