Dual long-line equipment for multi-trophic cultivation

Abstract

The invention comprises dual long-line equipment (100) for the integrated multi-trophic cultivation of algae and molluscs, comprising at least: a main line (1); a plurality of lantern nets (2'); a plurality of ropes (3'), each comprising a line (9) with cultivation units (3.1); a plurality of rope buoys (3.2'); at least two demarcation or marker buoys (4); at least two anchors (5); at least one floating buoy (6); and at least one stabiliser (7). In addition, the invention also relates to a cultivation method using the equipment for cultivating molluscs and algae, as well as the use of the equipment for cultivating molluscs and algae.

Description

Dual long-line equipment for multitrophic cultivation. TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION.

[0001] The present invention is located in the field of the aquaculture industry, in particular, for the cultivation of algae and mollusks where both species benefit from each other. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION.

[0002] Mollusk farming is highly sensitive to fluctuations in available oxygen levels, pH, and temperatures generated by natural events, such as upwelling. The reason is that fluctuations in these variables affect, among other things, the metabolism and calcification capacity of mollusks, increasing mortality and reducing industry productivity. These phenomena have been particularly visible, for example, in oyster farming in Chile's fourth region.

[0003] In view of the above, it is desirable to have improved equipment and processes for mollusk production, which make it possible to avoid the impact of fluctuations in available oxygen levels, pH, and temperature on mollusk farming, especially oysters.

[0004] In this context, although there are many technologies available for mollusk farming, they are not optimized for controlling these variables.

[0005] An example is the technology described in the Fan Shell Manual, National Fisheries Development Fund of Peru, which consists of a bottom culture system for the fan shell or better known as Argopecten purpuratus, where a specific area is fenced and nets are used to build a kind of corral, inside which the mollusk cultures are arranged.

[0006] The aforementioned example, as well as other technologies known to date, have the disadvantage that they are not designed or optimized to avoid the impact of fluctuations in available oxygen levels, pH, and temperature on mollusk cultivation.

[0007] On the other hand, it is also desirable to have new equipment and processes for the production of macroalgae, for example, Callophyllis sp., Gelidium sp., Chondracanthus chamissoi, Durvillaea sp., Macrocystis pyrifera, Lessonia spicata, Lessonia trabeculata, Laurencia chilensis, Ulva sp., Pyropia sp., Sarcothalia crispata, Mazzaella laminarioides, Mastocarpus sp., Gigartina skottsbergii, Agarophyton chilensis, Ahnfeltiopsis sp., and Gymnogongrus sp. Among other reasons, this is because macroalgae have an increasingly greater commercial value, since they are used, for example, for the preparation of pharmaceutical and cosmetic extracts, such as food for human consumption (including gourmet uses), among others. Furthermore, the indiscriminate extraction of natural macroalgae affects the marine ecosystem.

[0008] In this context, although technologies for the cultivation of macroalgae have been described, they are not optimal.

[0009] An example is the technology described in the Chondracanthus chamissoi Cultivation Manual of the Catholic University of the North, which consists of a cultivation system for the purpose of improving the suspended vegetative cultivation of Chondracanthus chamissoi.

[0010] Another example is Peruvian patent application No. 1898-2020, filed by the Universidad Científica del Sur, which describes a system for cultivating algae in queen beds, which form branches of artificial seedlings, thus generating artificial trees for growing algae in the sea. This is a system designed exclusively for algae cultivation.

[0011] In view of the above, it is desirable to have technologies that allow the joint cultivation of mollusks and algae in a symbiotic manner, especially oysters and Chondracanthus chamissoi, in order to reduce mollusk mortality, improve their growth and, at the same time, allow the production of algae with commercial value, which will allow fishermen to diversify the products they sell.

[0012] In this context, the present invention consists of a long-line dual equipment for the integrated multitrophic cultivation of algae and mollusks, a method for the use of said equipment, as well as the use of said equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION.

[0013] The present invention is directed to protecting a dual long-line equipment for integrated multitrophic cultivation of algae and mollusks, a cultivation method by means of the equipment for cultivation of mollusks and algae, as well as the use of the equipment for cultivation of mollusks and algae.

[0014] In particular, one embodiment of the present invention is directed to protecting a long-line dual equipment for the integrated multitrophic cultivation of algae and mollusks that at least comprises: - A mother line; - A plurality of lanterns; - A plurality of queen beds each of which comprises a headland with cultivation units; - A plurality of reinal buoys; - At least two demarcation or signaling buoys; - At least two anchorages; At least one refloating buoy; and At least one stabilizer. Where: - Each of the lanterns are connected to the main line by means of a rope and arranged downwards with respect to the main line; - Each of the reins are connected to the main line at the bottom by means of the rope and to a rein buoy at the top, so that they are arranged upwards with respect to the main line; - The lanterns are separated from each other by a distance of 1 to 2 m; - The queen beds are separated from each other by a distance of between 1 and 2 m; - The main line is connected at each of its ends to at least one anchor; - The stabilizer(s) are connected by a rope to the main line; - The main line is connected at each end to at least one marker buoy by a rope; and - The main line is attached to the refloating buoy(s) by a rope.

[0015] The equipment is particularly advantageous. Indeed, the particular arrangement of its components allows for a symbiotic relationship between the mollusks and the algae, which benefits the development of both species. The reason is that the arrangement of the equipment allows the algae to utilize the ammonia contained in the mollusks' feces to increase their oxygen production through photosynthesis, which in turn promotes the development of the mollusks.

[0016] Another embodiment of the present invention comprises a process for the integrated multitrophic cultivation of algae and molluscs in a dual long-line equipment that at least comprises the following steps: (1) An equipment installation stage, comprising at least the following stages: -a- have the mother line available; -b- anchor the main line to the seabed by means of at least one anchor at each of its ends; -c- attach to the main line the demarcation buoys by means of a rope, at least one refloating buoy by means of a rope and at least one stabilizer by means of a rope; -d- attach at least one refloating buoy to the main line by means of a rope; -e- attach at least one lantern to the main line by means of a rope, so that they are arranged downwards with respect to the main line; -f- Attach at least one rein to the main line by means of a rope, so that they are arranged upwards with respect to the main line, where a rein buoy has previously been installed on each rein; where the lanterns and reins are installed at a distance as will be explained later. (2) A cultivation stage; and (3) A collection stage comprising the following stages: -a- collection of algae from the cultivation units; and -b- collecting mollusks from the lanterns.

[0017] The process of the present invention allows the optimal implementation of the equipment (100) previously described, favoring the development of mollusks and algae for the reasons mentioned.

[0018] Finally, another embodiment of the present invention comprises the use of the long-line dual equipment (100) that serves for the multitrophic cultivation of mollusks and algae. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES.

[0019] The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following more particular description of the preferred embodiments of the invention, as illustrated in the accompanying figures.

[0020] Figure No. 1 corresponds to a representative diagram of the long-line dual equipment (100) for the integrated cultivation of algae and filter-feeding mollusks.

[0021] Figure No. 2 corresponds to a representative diagram of a lantern (2') for filter-feeding mollusks.

[0022] Figure No. 3 corresponds to a representative scheme of a queen bed (3') for the vegetative cultivation of algae.

[0023] Figure 4 shows a set of graphs depicting the nutritional content of oysters evaluated in a mixed oyster and Chondracanthus chamissoi culture. A) represents carbohydrates; B) represents proteins; and C) represents triglycerides. The averages are represented by the continuous black transverse line. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION.

[0024] The present invention is directed to a long-line dual equipment (100) for the multitrophic and integrated cultivation of algae and mollusks, as well as to a method of installation and operation of the equipment (100) and the use of the equipment (100) for the cultivation of mollusks and algae.

[0025] Various embodiments of the invention, as well as preferred implementation methods, will be detailed below. However, unless otherwise indicated, the various specific configurations, elements, distances, steps, raw materials, and other aspects of the invention, which constitute the respective preferred embodiments, are to be construed solely as illustrative and not as limiting the scope of the present technology, unless otherwise indicated.

[0026] On the one hand, the invention relates to a long-line dual equipment (100) for the integrated multitrophic cultivation of algae and molluscs that at least comprises: - A mother line (1); - A plurality of lanterns (2'); - A plurality of queen beds (3') each of which comprises a head (9) with cultivation units (3.1); - A plurality of reinal buoys (3.2'); - At least two demarcation or signaling buoys (4); - At least two anchorages (5); - At least one refloating buoy (6); and - At least one stabilizer (7). Where: - Each of the lanterns (2) are connected to the main line (1) by means of a cable (8) and arranged downwards with respect to the main line (1); - Each of the reinals (3) are connected to the main line (1) in its lower part by means of the rope (9) and to a reinal buoy (3.2) in its upper part, so that they are arranged upwards with respect to the main line (1); - The lanterns (2') are separated from each other by a distance of 1 to 2 m; - The queen beds (3') are separated from each other by a distance of 1 to 2 m; - The main line (1) is connected at each of its ends to at least one anchor (5); - The stabilizer(s) (7) are connected by a rope (12) to the main line (1); - The main line (1) is connected at each of its ends to at least one demarcation buoy (4) by a rope (10); - The main line (1) is connected to the refloating buoy(s) (6) by a rope (11).

[0027] The special selection and configuration of the elements that make up the equipment (100) is not trivial, but was the result of an arduous development process. Thus, each element and its arrangement offers advantages for the simultaneous and integrated cultivation of mollusks and algae.

[0028] The main line (1 ) is a rope that constitutes the central element of the technology, among other reasons, because it comprises most of the remaining components of the equipment (100) attached. The rope that forms the main line (1 ) can have a variable diameter depending on the requirements of the task, for example, from 18 to 22 mm. The length will also depend on the task, which in turn will determine the diameter.

[0029] Unlike other cultivation equipment, the equipment (100) is characterized by simultaneously comprising elements above and below the mother line (1), a configuration that provides a series of advantages.

[0030] The fact that the lanterns (2') are below the mother line (1 ) and the queen beds (3') above it, is one of the main aspects that allow promoting the symbiotic relationship between molluscs and algae. As the lanterns (2') are below the mother line (1 ), the ammonia produced by the molluscs' feces rises towards the queen beds (3'), arranged above the mother line (1 ). The inventors determined that, in this way, the oxygen of the algae arranged in the queen beds increases, which, in turn, improves the growth conditions of the molluscs.

[0031] The fact that the lanterns (2') are separated from each other by a distance of 1 to 2 m and that, in the same way, the queen beds (3) are also separated from each other by a distance of 1 to 2 m, is particularly relevant since it establishes the relationship between the number of lanterns (2') and queen beds (3'). The relationship between both elements is fundamental since it is directly linked to the amount of ammonium that each unit of algae can receive and the oxygen that each unit of molluscs can receive. Likewise, the distances between lantern (2') and lantern (2'), as well as between queen bed (3') and queen bed (3'), determine the density of each of the aforementioned cultures.

[0032] In a particularly preferred form of the invention optimized for the cultivation of oysters Chondracanthus chamissoi, lanterns (2') and queen beds (3') are configured such that the lanterns (2') are separated from each other by a distance of 1 m and the queen beds (3') by a distance of 2 m, there being a ratio of two lanterns (2') to one queen bed (3').

[0033] As for the lanterns (2'), they are important because they are where the mollusks are grown. The configuration of the lanterns (2') can vary depending on the species' requirements.

[0034] In one embodiment of the invention, which is particularly suitable for the cultivation of filter-feeding molluscs, such as oysters, the lanterns (2') have 10 to 15 levels (2.1). Furthermore, in one embodiment of the invention, the levels of the lanterns (2.1) are separated by a distance of 5 cm to 30 cm, preferably approximately 20 cm. The term "approximately" in this case represents a difference of plus or minus 20%.

[0035] Lanterns (2') with these characteristics are especially suitable for oyster cultivation and, even more especially, for combined cultivation with Chondracanthus chamissoi. Indeed, the number and distance between floors (2.1 ) ensures an adequate density of molluscs, both for their growth and for the correct supply of ammonium to the algae grown above. Furthermore, this configuration allows the cultivation of mollusc volumes compatible with commercial and / or industrial production, without the need to change them to new lanterns during their growth, since it provides sufficient space for this.

[0036] In one embodiment of the invention, the lanterns (2') are covered by a protective mesh (2.2), preferably made of propylene, with openings ranging from 5 to 30 mm, preferably 20 mm. This configuration prevents the mollusks from escaping from the lantern (2'), even when grown in the early stages of development and are small in size. It also prevents potential predators from accessing the mollusks. It also allows water and oxygen to circulate easily. It also prevents ammonium from easily escaping and rising to the algae.

[0037] With regard to the queen beds (3'), they are relevant because the algae are grown in them. The queen beds (3') of the present invention have a series of characteristics that make them optimal for the symbiotic cultivation of mollusks and algae, especially oysters and Chondracanthus chamissoi.

[0038] For example, the use of rein buoys (3.2) is essential because it allows the reins (3') to tend to a perpendicular position with respect to the main line (1 ), preventing the reins (3') and the algae they comprise from becoming entangled with each other. Likewise, since the reins (3') are in a relatively perpendicular position with respect to the line with respect to the main line (1 ), it allows the reins to receive the ammonium from the lanterns (2') in a more homogeneous manner. Finally, it must be kept in mind that the benefits of using rein buoys (3.2') are particularly relevant because the equipment (100) is designed to be used in open sea conditions, where currents and other meteorological conditions tend to entangle the reins (3').

[0039] In one embodiment of the invention, the reining buoys (3.2') have a size that can vary between 2 and 3 L, preferably approximately 3 L. This represents a difference of approximately plus or minus 20%. This volume is optimal for achieving the effects mentioned in the preceding paragraph.

[0040] In one embodiment of the invention, the equipment (100) must be configured such that the queen buoy (3.2) is located approximately 50 cm underwater (i.e., between 40 and 60 cm). This configuration allows the algae to be fully submerged, at a depth where sunlight can still penetrate in sufficient quantities to trigger photosynthesis, which is necessary for oxygen production. These conditions are particularly optimal for the cultivation of Chondracanthus chamissoi. Furthermore, the inventors determined that both the light and the temperature to which the algae are exposed (parameters that depend on their distance from the surface) impact the absorption of nutrients such as nitrate and ammonium. The aforementioned distance from the buoy must be determined by adjusting the length of the remaining elements of the equipment (100) in accordance with the conditions of the place where it will be installed, for example, depth, tides, etc.

[0041] In one embodiment of the invention, the rope (9) of the queen beds is between 1 and 2 m long, preferably 2 m long. This configuration allows for optimal development of the algae, especially taking into consideration the combination of this aspect with other elements of the invention, such as the preferred proportions between lanterns (2') and queen beds (3'), the depth at which the lanterns (2') and queen beds (3') are located, among others. The advantages of the aforementioned length of the rope (9) are linked to the fact that it ensures adequate cultivation conditions, with regard to lighting, temperature and other variables, especially for oysters and Chondracanthus chamissoi . On the other hand, from a practical point of view, longer lengths could make the operation of the equipment (100) more complex.

[0042] In one embodiment of the invention, the rope (9) forming each reinal (3') has a preferred diameter of approximately 20 mm. The concept of approximately assumes plus or minus 8 mm. The diameter of the rope (9) allows the reinals (3') to be sufficiently resistant to the open sea conditions in which the equipment (100) is implemented.

[0043] In one embodiment of the invention, the rope (9) forming each reining line (3') can be made of twisted polypropylene. The use of this type of rope has certain advantages. For example, this material contributes to the vertical buoyancy of the reining lines (3'), which has the advantages mentioned above. The twisted structure of this type of rope also allows for easier introduction of the cultivation units (3.1).

[0044] As for the cultivation units (3.1'), they are relevant because the algae are arranged in them for growth. In particular, the cultivation units (3.1') are configured to contain the algae biomass, so that the algae can grow and develop once the equipment (100) is installed.

[0045] In one embodiment of the invention, each rope (9) comprises 20 to 40 cultivation units (3.1) per linear meter. To optimize the operation of the equipment, the cultivation units can be placed on equal opposite parts of the rope (9). For example, if 40 cultivation units (3.2) are used, they can preferably be arranged as follows: 20 towards one side of the rope (9) and 20 towards the other side of the rope (9). The advantage of the configurations described above is that they allow increasing the number of cultivation units per queen bed (3'), without substantially increasing the risk of entanglement or other undesirable effects, maximizing the cultivation areas.

[0046] In a particularly preferred embodiment for the cultivation of oysters in combination with Chondracanthus chamissoi, each strand (9) comprises 20 cultivation units (3.1 ) per linear metre of strand (9). This configuration makes it possible to optimise the benefits indicated in the previous paragraph for the species indicated.

[0047] In one embodiment of the invention, the cultivation units (3.1') are 1 m long in a preferred configuration, but can range from 0.5 m to 2 m. This length allows for the placement of a large amount of algae substrate, making it possible to maximize the equipment space.

[0048] In one embodiment of the invention, the culture units (3.1') are separated from each other by a distance of 5 cm to 10 cm, preferably approximately 5 cm (approximately means a difference of plus or minus 20%). This distance is advantageous in that it reduces the probability of the culture units becoming entangled with each other, while maintaining, however, a sufficient proximity to interact within the food chain favored by the equipment (100).

[0049] In one embodiment of the invention, the cultivation units (3.1) are a mesh, preferably made of fiber. This material constitutes a practical, non-rigid, and cost-efficient alternative for applying the substrate, which allows for natural and spontaneous growth of the algae in the medium. In turn, it is a safe and resistant way of supporting the algae, since it will grow within the holes in the mesh, fixing and incorporating itself into it as if they were a single body. In this way, the algae remains fixed and the risk of it coming loose from the reinal (3') is substantially reduced.

[0050] In one embodiment of the invention, each cultivation unit (3.1) comprises at least 0.3 kg of algal biomass, an amount that is optimal to promote the symbiotic relationship that has already been described, especially for the cultivation of oysters and Chondracanthus chamissoi.

[0051] On the other hand, the anchors (5) to which the main line (1) is attached are important because they provide stability to the equipment, keeping it firmly on the ground despite currents and swells. The number and weight of the anchors (5) will be determined by the size of the operation.

[0052] The stabilizer(s) (7) are connected by a rope (12) to the main line (1); these stabilizers allow the equipment (100) to remain stable despite currents and tides. The number of stabilizers will be determined by the span of the equipment (100).

[0053] The demarcation buoys (4) are relevant because they allow the identification of where the equipment (100) is located, which is beneficial for both the operators and to prevent vessels from colliding with it.

[0054] In one embodiment of the present invention, the equipment (100) comprises marker buoys (4) connected directly to the anchors (5) by means of a rope (9), especially when the equipment (100) comprises more than one anchor (5) on each side. This embodiment has the advantage that it allows more precise identification of the anchors (5). the location of the equipment (100) and all its anchors, in order to be able to lift them when necessary.

[0055] Refloating buoys (6) are relevant as they help to keep the mother line (1 ) at a relatively constant distance from the surface, especially when the latter is very extensive. In line with what was explained above, keeping the mother line (1 ) afloat (i.e. at a certain distance from the surface) allows for optimal light and temperature conditions under which molluscs and algae are cultivated.

[0056] In one embodiment of the invention, the equipment (100) comprises between 50 and 150, preferably 100. However, the number may vary substantially according to the user's requirements. The advantage of this configuration is that it demonstrates that the equipment (100) allows large-scale cultivation.

[0057] The stabilizers (7) are relevant because they allow the equipment (100) to remain stable against adverse environmental conditions, such as winds, swells and tides. Although the materiality and dimensions of the stabilizers (7) may vary depending on the size and characteristics of the equipment (100) as it is intended to be implemented, in a preferred embodiment they are made of cement, measuring between 5 cm and 20 cm in height and between 8 cm and 10 cm in diameter, preferably approximately 8 cm in height and 10 cm in diameter. In one embodiment of the invention, the stabilizer (7) has a weight of between 0.5 kg and 1.5 kg, but preferably approximately 1 kg. The use of stabilizers with these characteristics is particularly optimal for the aforementioned purposes.

[0058] In one embodiment of the invention, the equipment (100) comprises one or more refloating buoys (13) attached to the rope (12). These components allow the equipment (100) to be stabilized so that it can withstand currents and swells. The fact that the stabilizer has its own buoy is not trivial, since in this way it does not affect the stability of the equipment (100), adding extra weight to it.

[0059] In one embodiment of the invention, the equipment (100) also comprises a measuring device (17). Having a measuring device (17) is useful for checking that the cultivation conditions are optimal. The measuring device (17) can preferably be attached to the rope (12). This configuration allows the rope to be used for two purposes, namely, to contain a stabilizer (7) and the equipment (100), avoiding the need to attach an additional rope.

[0060] In one embodiment of the invention, the measuring device (17) comprises an oxygen sensor (17.1), a light sensor (17.2) and / or a pH sensor (17.3). This embodiment is advantageous in that it comprises sensors for measuring key variables. The sensors can be arranged in various ways.

[0061] In one embodiment of the invention, the equipment (100) comprises a rope (15) having a refloating buoy (14) attached at its upper end and a stabilizer (16) at its lower end. This additional assembly further increases the stability of the equipment (100). The measuring equipment (17) can be attached to the rope (15). This configuration has the advantage that it allows the rope (15) together with the measuring equipment (17) to operate independently, without affecting the functionality of the refloating buoys of the equipment (100).

[0062] In another aspect, the invention comprises a process for the integrated multitrophic cultivation of algae and molluscs in a long-line dual equipment (100) comprising at least the following steps: (1) A stage of installing the equipment (100) as previously described, comprising at least the following stages: -a- have the mother line (1); -b- anchor the main line (1) to the seabed by means of at least one anchor (5) at each of its ends; -c- attach the demarcation buoys (4) to the main line (1) by means of a rope (10), at least one refloating buoy (6) by means of a rope (11) and at least one stabilizer (7) by means of a rope (12); -d- attach at least one refloating buoy (6) to the main line (1) by means of a rope (11 ); -e- attach at least one lantern (2') to the main line (1) by means of a rope (8), so that they are arranged downwards with respect to the main line (1); -f- attach at least one reinal (3') to the main line (1) by means of a rope (9), so that they are arranged upwards with respect to the main line (1), where previously, a reinal buoy (3.2) has been installed in each reinal; where the lanterns (2') and reinals (3') are installed at a distance in accordance with what has been explained with respect to the equipment (100). (2) A cultivation stage; and (3) A collection stage comprising the following stages: -a- collection of algae from the cultivation units (3.1); and -b- collecting mollusks from the lanterns (2').

[0063] A process according to the stages described above has a series of advantages, as explained below:

[0064] First of all, it should be noted that it corresponds to an optimized operating procedure for the equipment (100) previously described, in which each pass was carefully evaluated and determined.

[0065] Stage 1 ) of installation is essential because it allows the equipment (100) to be properly located at the place where it will be operated. The challenge of implementing the equipment (100) is largely due to the fact that it comprises a series of of elements that are not part of the cultivation equipment normally used in the industry.

[0066] In this context, sub-stage (a) of stage (1 ) consisting of having a main line (1 ) is fundamental, since it is the element to which the remaining elements of the equipment (100) are attached.

[0067] Continuing with the anchoring of the demarcation buoys, at least one refloating buoy (6) and at least one stabilizer (7) allows the position of the equipment (100) to be defined and firm, so that the installation of the lanterns (2') and reinals (3') can continue.

[0068] The fact that lanterns (2') and queen rings (3') are installed later is advantageous. The inventors determined that this alternative simplifies the operation and allows lanterns (2') and queen rings (3') to be replaced at the end of each cultivation process, without having to uninstall the rest of the equipment elements. Therefore, the mother line (1) can be maintained with other elements, replacing, for example, only lanterns (2') and / or queen rings (3').

[0069] On the other hand, the subsequent installation of lanterns (2') and reinales (3') is simpler since it avoids tangles in the equipment (100), which could occur if these elements are installed on land, before taking it to sea.

[0070] Lanterns (2') and reins (3') can be installed using various means. For example, by tying these elements together, or by using a fastening system consisting of, for example, a combination of washers and shackles, carabiners, or other elements.

[0071] The cultivation stage (2) refers to the cultivation of the molluscs and algae in the equipment (100), already installed in the sea, without prejudice to other pre-cultivation stages that may be carried out previously so that, for example, the mollusc seeds are in optimal conditions to be installed in the lanterns (2'). In this context, the cultivation stage (2) basically consists of maintaining the molluscs and algae for the time required for them to have the required size and / or development.

[0072] The cultivation step (2) can be carried out without the need to add feed, i.e., by allowing the mollusks to feed on the feed present in the environment. However, the cultivation step (2) can also be carried out by feeding the mollusks with additional formulations, for example, microalgae.

[0073] The time of the cultivation stage (2) in the equipment (100) may be different for algae and mollusks. However, in one embodiment, it may be 120 days for both types of cultivation.

[0074] Once stage (2) of cultivation has been completed, stage (3) of harvesting is carried out. The algae harvesting may or may not be simultaneous with that of the mollusks. This will depend on whether each culture has completed its development process.

[0075] In one embodiment, the invention comprises a pre-cultivation stage of algae, which is carried out prior to the cultivation stage (2), which comprises at least the following sub-stages: -a- Sub-stage of preparation and inoculation of culture units (3.1) with algae, which includes: -i- have meshes, preferably fiber, with a length of 0.5 m to 1 m; -ii- introduce algae fragments into the mesh, thus forming the cultivation units (3.1); -i¡¡- cut the ends of the nets that form the cultivation units (3.1), making a knot at the end of each net; -iv- mount the cultivation units (3.1 ) on a frame; -v- introducing and maintaining the culture units (3.1 ) on the frames in ponds during an inoculation period; -b- Sub-stage of mounting the cultivation units (3.1 ) in the queen beds (3), comprising: -i- removing the cultivation units (3.1 ) from the frames; and -ii- mount the cultivation units (3.1) on the cable (9) at the distance defined according to what was previously explained for the equipment (100).

[0076] The aforementioned previous stage can be carried out before, during or after the installation stage (1) and allows the algae to be in optimal conditions for cultivation in the equipment (100).

[0077] In one embodiment of the invention, the inoculation is carried out for an inoculation period of 20 days, in the presence of room temperature, a pH between 7 and 8, and / or in the presence of ambient light.

[0078] In a particular embodiment, the introduction of algae fragments into a fiber for the formation of the culture units (3.1) is carried out as follows: a PVC pipe of approximately 20 mm in diameter is provided, and the mesh is passed through the interior of the PVC pipe, leaving only one end of the mesh uninserted; then, the portion of the mesh that was passed through the interior of the PVC pipe is rolled up on the outside of the PVC pipe; then, the algae fragments are partially introduced into the interior of the PVC pipe; and, finally, the portion of the mesh that had been previously rolled up is stretched so that the algae are inside the mesh.

[0079] In one embodiment of the invention, the queen nests (3') formed in the manner indicated above are kept in boxes with insulating properties at a temperature of 10 to 15 °C. The inventors determined that, in this embodiment, the queen nests (3') were kept in optimal conditions for their installation and cultivation in the equipment (100).

[0080] Likewise, in one embodiment, the invention comprises a mollusc pre-cultivation stage, which is carried out prior to the cultivation stage (2'), which comprises at least the following sub-stages: -i- Cultivation of molluscs in the seed stage in a tank at a temperature of 18 °C to 22 °C; -ii- Then, transfer the mollusks to a Pearl-net system and keep them at room temperature for a period of 4 months; and -¡¡¡- Once the previous process is finished, transfer the mollusks to the lanterns (2') to subsequently install them in the equipment (100).

[0081] The aforementioned mollusc pre-cultivation stage can be carried out before, during or after the installation stage (1) and allows the algae to be in optimal conditions for cultivation in the equipment (100).

[0082] The installation procedure for reindeer snares, as described, offers several advantages. Indeed, it allows for quick and easy installation, as the steps involved are relatively simple, allowing anyone to perform them. Furthermore, its simple design allows the equipment to be adapted to a variety of environments, thus not limiting it to specific physical spaces.

[0083] In another aspect, the invention comprises the use of the equipment (100) specifically for multitrophic cultivation of filter-feeding mollusks and algae.

[0084] For example, the apparatus (100) may be used for the cultivation of filter-feeding mollusks selected from the group of Pectids, such as Argopecten purpuratus, Chlamys vitrea, Chlamys amandi, and Chlamys patagonia. More preferably, the apparatus is for the cultivation of Argopecten purpuratus, namely a class of oysters. The inventors conducted their testing and optimization of the apparatus specifically for that species, however, the apparatus (100) may also function for the cultivation of other mollusks.

[0085] In one embodiment of the invention, the algae are selected from the group of macroalgae, such as Callophyllis sp., Gelidium sp., Chondracanthus chamissoi, Durvillaea sp., Macrocystis pyrifera, Lessonia spicata, Lessonia trabeculata, Laurencia chilensis, Ulva sp., Pyropia sp., Sarcothalia cris pata, Mazzaella laminarioides, Mastocarpus sp., Gigartina skottsbergii, Agarophyton chilensis, Ahnfeltiopsis sp., Gymnogongrus sp. More preferably, the equipment is for the cultivation of Chondracanthus chamissoi. The inventors carried out their testing and optimization of the equipment (100) especially for said species, however, the equipment (100) can also function for the cultivation of other algae.

[0086] EXAMPLES.

[0087] The invention will be better understood by means of the following examples, which are merely illustrative and do not limit the scope of this application. Various changes and modifications to the described embodiments would be obvious to those skilled in the art, and such changes may be made without departing from the spirit of the technology and the scope of the appended claims.

[0088] EXAMPLE NO. 1: Evaluation of the symbiotic effect of a multitrophic crop.

[0089] Prior to developing equipment to optimize the culture of filter-feeding mollusks, particularly oysters, the inventors conducted tests to determine whether the combined culture of filter-feeding mollusks and algae could have symbiotic effects. Specifically, they sought to determine whether mortality would be reduced and the growth of the filter-feeding mollusks improved. They also sought to determine the impact of co-culture on algae growth.

[0090] For example, oyster cultures (Argopecten purpuratus) alone, algae cultures (Chondracanthus chamissoi) alone, and combined cultures of both species (Argopecten purpuratus and Chondracanthus chamissoi) were evaluated. The oysters used for the tests ranged in size from 3 to 5 cm.

[0091] These experiments were conducted under semi-controlled hypoxic and normoxic culture conditions, as detailed in the following table. In this regard, the inventors determined it was appropriate to measure not only normoxic conditions (i.e., those generally present in a culture) but also hypoxic conditions (those that occur during upwelling events). Table No. 1: Semi-controlled growing conditions

[0092] Before starting the cultivation procedure, the mollusks were evaluated to determine their morphometric variables, such as length, width, height, and total mass. Additionally, each mollusk was identified by tags for subsequent monitoring.

[0093] Likewise, during each treatment, environmental conditions of light, temperature, and oxygenation were monitored using sensors, and mortality of the individuals was assessed daily.

[0094] Below are some of the results obtained during these experiments.

[0095] DETERMINATION OF STRESS IN ALGAE AND MOLLUSCS DURING MULTITROPHIC CULTIVATION.

[0096] The inventors measured the stress of mollusks grown under the aforementioned conditions. The significance of this measurement is that lower stress levels are associated with improved growth and decreased mortality.

[0097] To determine the degree of stress, the inventors measured the transduction level of protein-associated genes, in particular: stress superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and heat shock protein (HSP70), using the RT-qPCR technique.

[0098] To collect these proteins, samples were taken from mollusks cultured in the presence and absence of algae, under hypoxic and normoxic conditions, according to the conditions previously explained. Specifically, 0.03 g samples of mollusk soft tissue (muscle, gonad, gills, digestive gland) were evaluated.

[0099] Based on the results obtained, the inventors determined that, under hypoxic conditions in the absence of algae, the expression levels of the HSP70 and SOD proteins increased, which represents an increase in stress in the mollusks.

[0100] On the other hand, it was shown that mollusks under hypoxic conditions but in the presence of algae were able to tolerate low oxygen levels, which is consistent with a higher expression of HSP70.

[0101] Therefore, these results demonstrate that multitrophic cultures of the aforementioned species would activate alternative metabolic pathways to cope with stress, even under hypoxic conditions. In other words, multitrophic culture could serve to reduce stress and improve culture conditions during upwelling events.

[0102] EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF OXYGEN AVAILABILITY ON ALGAE AND MOLLUSCS DURING MULTITROPHIC CULTIVATION.

[0103] Measuring oxygen availability is important because mollusks survive longer and grow better under adequate oxygenation conditions.

[0104] In this context, the inventors measured oxygen availability in mollusc cultures with and without algae, under both hypoxic and normoxic conditions, to evaluate the effects of a multitrophic culture under these conditions.

[0105] For the measurement, the inventors performed a statistical analysis (LMM) by means of which they compared the oxygen availability treatments (normoxia and hypoxia) against the presence or absence of the algae in interaction with A. purpuratus.

[0106] The results showed significant differences between treatments (F=10.066; P<0.05). Indeed, greater oxygen availability was evident in those cases where multitrophic culture (oyster plus algae) was carried out, regardless of the initial oxygen concentration of the seawater used in incubation (hypoxia, normoxia).

[0107] This experiment also determined that multitrophic cultivation offered advantages by increasing oxygen availability under both hypoxic and normoxic conditions.

[0108] EVALUATION OF THE NUTRITIONAL CONTENT OF THE MULTITROPHIC POST-CULTIVATION MOLLUSK.

[0109] To determine whether multitrophic culture contributes to the nutritional content of mollusks, the inventors measured the carbohydrate, protein, and triglyceride content of the mollusks, comparing cultures with and without algae.

[0110] For the quantitative determination of cholesterol, a colorimetry kit was used (measurement at 505 nm).

[0111] As shown in Figure 4 (A), B), and C), the results show that oysters grown with algae had, on average, higher percentages of carbohydrates, proteins, and triglycerides. The averages are shown in these figures by the black transverse line.

[0112] In this way, it was confirmed that oysters cultivated in a multitrophic (100) team, presented better nutritional characteristics than those cultivated without the presence of algae.

[0113] DETERMINATION OF AMMONIUM (NH4) EXCRETION FROM A. PURPURATUS IN INCUBATION UNDER INTERACTION IN A CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT.

[0114] To evaluate the efficiency of ammonium (NH4) removal by the algae in the presence of a multitrophic culture, the inventors measured the ammonium excretion rate for different culture groups: algae + oysters, algae and oysters.

[0115] Prior to the test, it was necessary to acclimatize both the algae and the oysters, under conditions previously described in Table No. 1.

[0116] Subsequently, the mollusks were transferred to a controlled environment chamber and incorporated into Erlenmeyer flasks (n=10) with a volume of 1,000 mL of microfiltered seawater, and 7.5 g of algae were added, and left to react for 9 h, at a temperature of 14 °C, under two light conditions, the first at a light intensity of 20 pmol photons rrr 2 s' 1and the second in complete darkness. As a control, an incubation with only oysters was used.

[0117] The NH4 concentration in the seawater was then measured by taking aliquots at 20-min intervals during the first 2 h, and then every 1 h thereafter until 9 h of incubation was completed. The phenol hypochlorite method was used to determine NH4 uptake.

[0118] Furthermore, the NH4 excretion rate of the incubated mollusks was determined using a calibration curve. The NH4 level present in the seawater was not taken into account when calculating the concentration.

[0119] From the results obtained, the inventors were able to identify that the rate of NH4 excretion in cultures in the absence of algae was higher compared to oyster culture in the presence of algae (9 pg NH 4 N g -1 ps h -1), where at the end of the test (9 h), an excretion rate close to 5 pg NH was reached 4 N g -1 ps h -1 .

[0120] EXAMPLE NO. 2: Development and Evaluation of a multitrophic cultivation team under field conditions.

[0121] Having confirmed that the combined cultivation of mollusks and algae exhibited symbiotic effects, as described in the previous example, the inventors continued to develop equipment to optimize multitrophic cultivation.

[0122] The team's development also aimed to determine that multitrophic farming also had benefits at the field level.

[0123] Furthermore, the development of the equipment was carried out in conjunction with the design of a method for optimal operation of the aforementioned equipment. Finally, To measure the benefits of the equipment and the procedure, the results were compared with the results of independent cultures for mollusks (particularly oysters of the species A. purpuratus) and algae (particularly the species C. chamissoi). • EQUIPMENT CONFIGURATION (100) LONG-LINE DUAL.

[0124] For this purpose, equipment (100) was set up for the integrated multitrophic cultivation of algae and molluscs in the sea, specifically oysters of the species A. purpuratus and algae of the species C. chamissoi. The equipment (100) comprised the following elements: a mother line (1 ) with an extension of 100 m; 50 lanterns (2') with 10 floors separated from each other by a distance of 20 cm. Each lantern was covered by a protective mesh (2.2) made of fiber, with holes of 20 mm; 100 reinals (3') consisting of a rope (9) approximately 2 m long and 20 mm in diameter. The rope (9) comprised 20 cultivation units (3.1) per linear meter of rope (9). Specifically, each cultivation unit was 1 m long and had a fiber on which an algal biomass of 2 kg was arranged. Each reinal (3') comprised at the top of the rope (9) a reinal buoy (3.2') of approximately 3 L volume; two demarcation or signaling buoys (4); two anchors (5); 10 refloating buoys (6); and 6 cement stabilizers (7) approximately 8 cm high, 10 cm in diameter and 1 kg in weight. In particular, 3 cement stabilizers (7) were provided at each end of the equipment (100).

[0125] In particular, the elements had the following configuration: each of the lanterns (2') was connected to the main line (1 ) by means of a rope (8) and arranged downwards with respect to the main line (1 ); each of the reins (3') was connected to the main line (1 ) at its lower part and to a rein buoy (3.2) at its upper part, so that they were arranged upwards with respect to the main line (1 ); the lanterns (2') were separated from each other by a distance of 2 m; the reins (3') were separated from each other by a distance of 1 m; the main line (1 ) was connected at each of its ends to an anchor (5); the stabilizers (7) were connected by a rope (12) to the main line (1 ). In addition, some sets of rope (12) plus stabilizer (7) had a refloating buoy (13) at their upper part. In addition, one of the cables (12) had a measuring equipment (17) comprising an oxygen sensor (17.1), a light sensor (17.2) and a pH sensor (17.3); the main line (1) was connected at each of its ends to a marker buoy (4) by a rope (10);. Each of the marker or signaling buoys is connected to an anchor (5) by a rope (19); the main line (1) was connected to the refloating buoy(s) (6) by a rope (11).

[0126] The aforementioned configuration was designed after multiple modifications were made during the development of the equipment (100). A large part of the aforementioned modifications had to do with a systematic process of observing the behavior of each of the elements that formed part of the prototypes, so that it was being optimized throughout the complex development process. • INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF THE EQUIPMENT (100).

[0127] The equipment (100) as previously described, was assembled and operated by the following method:

[0128] Before installing the equipment (100) in the sea, the inventors carried out a pre-cultivation process of the algae and molluscs.

[0129] The pre-cultivation of the mollusks was carried out through the following stages: (a) Stage of preparation and inoculation of culture units (3.1) with algae, which comprised: i. A plurality of fiber meshes of a size between 1 m; i. Algal fragments were introduced into each fiber mesh. The culture units (3.1 ) were thus formed. The algal fragments were introduced into the fiber mesh as follows: a PVC pipe of approximately 20 mm diameter was used; the mesh was passed through the interior of the PVC pipe, leaving only one end of the mesh uninserted; then, the portion of the mesh that was passed through the interior of the PVC pipe was rolled up on the outside of the PVC pipe; then, the algal fragments were partially introduced into the PVC pipe; and finally, the portion of the mesh that had been previously rolled up was stretched so that the algae were trapped inside the mesh; iii. The ends of the fiber meshes forming each culture unit (3.1 ) were then cut, and a knot was tied at the end of each unit; iv. The culture units (3.1 ) were mounted on a frame; and v.The frames were placed in culture ponds for a 20-day inoculation period at room temperature, with a pH maintained constant between 7 and 8, and / or under ambient light conditions. (b) Stage of assembly of culture units (3.1 ) in queen beds (3'), which comprised: i. The culture units (3.1 ) were removed from the frames; and i. The cultivation units (3.1) were mounted on the cape (9) at the distance defined according to the equipment explanation (100).

[0130] Before being installed in the equipment (100), the reinals (3') were kept in boxes with insulating properties at a temperature that was permanently maintained between 10 °C and 15 °C.

[0131] In parallel, the inventors carried out a pre-cultivation process for the oysters, according to the following stages and conditions: (i) Oysters were provided in the seed state, which were introduced into a tank, which was maintained at a temperature between 18 °C and 22 °C; (i) Then, the oysters were transported to a Pearl-nets type culture system, in which the oysters were kept at room temperature for a period of 4 months; and (iii) Once the previous process was completed, the oysters were transferred to the lanterns (2) to subsequently install them in the equipment (100).

[0132] The process of installation and operation of the equipment (100) was then carried out, which included the following stages: 1 ) An installation stage of the equipment (100) was carried out, which comprised the following stages: a) The main line (1 ) was arranged; b) The main line (1 ) was anchored to the seabed by means of at least one anchor (5) at each of its ends; c) The demarcation buoys (4) were attached to the main line (1 ) by means of ropes (10), the refloating buoys (6) by means of ropes (11 ) and the stabilizers (7) by means of ropes (12). d) The refloating buoys (6) were attached to the main line (1 ) by means of ropes (11 ); e) The lanterns (2') with the pre-cultivated oysters were attached to the main line (1 ) by means of the rope (8), such that they were arranged downwards with respect to the main line (1 ); f) The queen lines (3') with the pre-cultivated algae were attached to the main line (1 ) by means of ropes (9), so that they were arranged upwards with respect to the main line (1 ). The queen line buoy (3.2) had been previously attached to each queen line (3'); Thus, the lanterns (2') and the reinals (3') were installed at the previously indicated distance. 2) A cultivation stage was carried out at sea for a period of 120 days; and 3) A collection stage was carried out which included the following steps: a) The algae were collected from the cultivation units (3.1); and b) The oysters were collected from the lanterns (2) of the equipment (100).

[0133] After harvesting, a series of tests were conducted to compare the results of the equipment (100) with controls, namely a field culture of oysters without algae and a culture of algae without oysters. • RESULTS.

[0134] After field tests with the equipment (100) as previously described, the inventors were able to confirm that the equipment (100) allowed optimizing the conditions necessary for a multitrophic culture.

[0135] The inventors were able to confirm that when the lanterns (2') were below the mother line (1 ) and the queen beds (3') above it, the symbiotic relationship between mollusks and algae was optimized. As the lanterns (2') were below the mother line (1 ), the ammonia produced by the mollusks' feces rose towards the queen beds (3'), arranged above the mother line (1 ). The inventors determined that, in this way, the oxygen column generated by the algae arranged in the queen beds (3') increased, which, in turn, improved the growth conditions of the mollusks, since the arrangement of the same increased.

[0136] For example, the inventors were able to conclude that the ratio of two lanterns (2') for each queen (3') was optimal, since it allowed the amount of ammonium to be received by each unit of algae to be ideal, as well as the amount of oxygen to be received by each unit of mollusks.

[0137] The inventors were also able to observe that the combination of 2 m long queen nets (3') arranged every 2 m, with 1 m long cultivation units (3.1) using queen net buoys (3.2), made it possible to have a large quantity of algae, but with a low probability of them becoming entangled, even in adverse weather conditions. The inventors noticed that by using, for example, longer queen nets (3') or cultivation units (3.1), the probability of them becoming entangled increased substantially, worsening the optimal cultivation conditions.

[0138] In line with the above, the inventors determined that the length of each reinal (3') was also relevant in conjunction with the distance of the reinal buoy (3.2) with respect to the surface. The inventors determined that this configuration was the one that allowed the best growth of mollusks and algae, since it favored the equipment (100) being at a depth where the sun's rays could penetrate with sufficient intensity to promote optimal conditions for photosynthesis, necessary for the production of oxygen and growth of algae.

[0139] On the other hand, the inventors determined that covering the lanterns (2') with a mesh with 20 mm holes was ideal, as it visibly allowed an ideal flow of water and food between the oysters, without allowing the entry of predators, which proved to be a particularly advantageous configuration.

[0140] Thus, the combination of the characteristics of the equipment (100) as described, allowed to surprisingly favor the cultivation of oysters and algae.

[0141] For example, when comparing the growth of algae in equipment (100) with the control algae (i.e., grown alone and not in combination with oysters), it was observed that the growth of the former was substantially greater. In fact, over a 120-day culture period, the average weight of the queenales grown in equipment (100) was 6.63 kg US. -1 , while in the control it was 5.08 Kg US -1 The aforementioned comparison therefore demonstrated that co-cultivation was beneficial for the growth of the algae.

[0142] Another advantage that the inventors were able to identify is that the multitrophic culture, i.e., in the (100) equipment, recorded lower percentages of biofouling. In fact, in a cultivation period of 120 days, the biofouling of the queen beds cultivated in the (100) equipment presented values ​​of 0.6 kg US' 1 , while in the control it was 0.9 Kg US' 1 . This advantage is based on the fact that the growth of the algae allows the substrate to be completely covered with algae, preventing the settlement of epibionts and epiphytes or other encrusting organisms of biofouling. In this way, the advantage of the equipment (100) lies in the fact that the multitrophic culture takes advantage of the natural relationships between the different trophic levels, where the nutrients released by one species are used as food by others, creating a more balanced and sustainable equipment (100).

[0143] The researchers also identified that the algae grown in the equipment (100) reached a higher number of secondary fixation discs (DFS), exceeding the maximum predicted (350 DFS per linear meter). In fact, the algae grown in the equipment (100) reached an average of 384 ± 64 DFS per linear meter after 120 days of cultivation, while those of the control reached an average value of 304 ± 76 DFS per linear meter after 120 days.

[0144] All the above comparisons show that multitrophic cultivation in the equipment (100) presents surprising results for algae cultivation.

[0145] On the other hand, multitrophic culture in the equipment (100) also allowed to improve the production of oysters.

[0146] For example, the inventors determined that oysters grown in equipment (100) were on average longer than those in the control. Indeed, oysters grown in equipment (100) showed an average length of 76.4 ± 5.2 mm, while those grown in the control recorded an average length of 73.8 ± 3.8 mm.

[0147] The oysters grown in the (100) system were not only longer than the control oysters, but also heavier. A table showing the average weights of gonads and muscles obtained from different levels of the respective lanterns (top, middle, and bottom) is shown below. As can be seen, the weight of the oysters grown in the (100) system was higher in all cases. Table No. 2: Comparison of weight of oysters grown in the equipment (100) and control.

[0148] On the other hand, the culture in the equipment (100) also showed higher survival, namely 72% in the case of the equipment (100) compared to 68% in the case of the control. It is important to highlight that for the aquaculture industry, the referred percentage is extremely relevant.

[0149] In short, the inventors were able to confirm that both the algae and the oysters cultivated in the equipment (100) presented surprising characteristics thanks to its particular configuration.

Claims

List of demands 1. A (100) long-line dual equipment for the integrated multitrophic cultivation of algae and molluscs CHARACTERIZED because it at least comprises: - A mother line (1); - A plurality of lanterns (2'); - A plurality of queen beds (3') each of which comprises a head (9) with cultivation units (3.1); - A plurality of reinal buoys (3.2'); - At least two demarcation or signaling buoys (4); - At least two anchorages (5); - At least one refloating buoy (6); and - At least one stabilizer (7). Where: - Each of the lanterns (2') are connected to the main line (1) by means of a cable (8) and arranged downwards with respect to the main line (1); - Each of the reinals (3') are connected to the main line (1) in its lower part by means of the rope (9) and to a reinal buoy (3.2) in its upper part, so that they are arranged upwards with respect to the main line (1); - The lanterns (2') are separated from each other by a distance of 1 to 2 m; - The queen beds (3') are separated from each other by a distance of 1 to 2 m; - The main line (1) is connected at each of its ends to at least one anchor (5); - The stabilizer(s) (7) are connected by a rope (12) to the main line (1); - The main line (1) is connected at each of its ends to at least one marker buoy (4) by a rope (10); and - The main line (1) is connected to the refloating buoy(s) (6) by a rope (11).

2. The equipment (100) according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the lanterns (2') are separated from each other by a distance of 1 m and the reinals (3') by a distance of 2 m.

3. The equipment (100) according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the lanterns (2') have 10 to 15 floors (2.1).

4. The equipment (100) according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the lantern floors (2.1) are separated from each other by a distance of 5 cm and 30 cm, preferably approximately 20 cm.

5. The equipment (100) according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the lanterns (2') are covered by a protective mesh (2.2) with a mesh opening of between 5 and 30 mm, preferably 20 mm.

6. The equipment (100) according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises from 50 to 150 reinals (3'), and preferably 100 reinals (3').

7. The equipment (100) according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that each rope (9) comprises 20 to 40 cultivation units (3.1) per linear meter, preferably, 20 cultivation units (3.1) per linear meter of rope (9).

8. The equipment (100) according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the cable (9) is between 1 m and 2 m long, preferably 2 m long.

9. The equipment (100) according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the cable (9) has a diameter of between 12 and 28 mm, preferably 20 mm.

10. The equipment (100) according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the reinal buoys (3.2) are between 2 and 3 L, preferably approximately 3 L.

11. The equipment (100) according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that each cultivation unit (3.1) is between 0.5 m and 2 m long, preferably up to 1 m long.

12. The equipment (100) according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that each cultivation unit (3.1) along the cable (9) is separated from another cultivation unit (3.1) by a distance of between 5 cm and 10 cm in length, preferably by a distance of 5 cm.

13. The equipment (100) according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that each cultivation unit (3.1) comprises a mesh in which the algal biomass is arranged.

14. The equipment (100) according to claim 13, CHARACTERIZED in that each cultivation unit (3.1) comprises at least 0.3 Kg of algal biomass.

15. The equipment (100) according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that one or more ropes (12) also comprise a refloating buoy (13) at their upper end.

16. The equipment (100) according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the stabilizer (7) is a cement cylinder.

17. The equipment (100) according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the stabilizer (7) measures between 5 cm and 20 cm in height and between 8 cm and 10 cm in diameter, preferably approximately 8 cm in height and 10 cm in diameter.

18. The equipment (100) according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the stabilizer (7) has a weight of between 0.5 Kg and 1.5 Kg, preferably approximately 1 Kg.

19. The equipment (100) according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the cable (12) also has a measuring equipment (17) attached.

20. The equipment (100) according to claim 19, CHARACTERIZED in that the measuring equipment (17) is or comprises an oxygen sensor (17.1).

21. The equipment (100) according to claim 19, CHARACTERIZED in that the measuring equipment (17) is or comprises a light sensor (17.2).

22. The equipment (100) according to claim 19, CHARACTERIZED in that the measuring equipment (17) is or comprises a pH sensor (17.3).

23. The equipment (100) according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that it further comprises a cable (15) that has a refloating buoy (14) attached to its upper end and a stabilizer (16) at the lower end.

24. A procedure for the integrated multitrophic cultivation of algae and molluscs in a long-line dual equipment (100), CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises at least the following stages: (1) A stage of installing the equipment (100) according to claims 1 to 23, comprising at least the following stages: -a- have the mother line (1); -b- anchor the main line (1) to the seabed by means of at least one anchor (5) at each of its ends; -c- attach the demarcation buoys (4) to the main line (1) by means of a rope (10), at least one refloating buoy (6) by means of a rope (11) and at least one stabilizer (7) by means of a rope (12); -d- attach at least one refloating buoy (6) to the main line (1) by means of a rope (11 ); -e- attach at least one lantern (2') to the main line (1) by means of a rope (8), so that they are arranged downwards with respect to the main line (1); -f- attach at least one reinal (3') to the main line (1) by means of a rope (9), so that they are arranged upwards with respect to the main line (1), where previously, a reining buoy (3.2) has been installed in each reining; where the lanterns (2') and reinings (3') are installed at a distance according to claims 1 and following. (2) A cultivation stage; and (3) A collection stage comprising the following stages: -a- collection of algae from the cultivation units (3.1); and -b- collecting mollusks from the lanterns (2').

25. The method according to claim 24, CHARACTERIZED in that it further comprises a pre-cultivation stage of algae comprising at least the following sub-stages: -a- Sub-stage of preparation and inoculation of culture units (3.1) with algae, which includes: -i- have meshes, preferably fiber, with a length of 0.5 m to 1 m; -ii- introduce algae fragments into the mesh, thus forming the cultivation units (3.1); -i¡¡- cut the ends of the nets that form the cultivation units (3.1), making a knot at the end of each net; -iv- mount the cultivation units (3.1 ) on a frame; -v- introducing and maintaining the culture units (3.1 ) on the frames in ponds during an inoculation period; -b- Sub-stage of assembly of cultivation units (3.1 ) in queen beds (3'), which comprises: -i- removing the cultivation units (3.1 ) from the frames; -ii- mounting the cultivation units (3.1) on the cable (9) at the distance defined according to claim 12; 26. The method according to claim 25, CHARACTERIZED in that the preparation and inoculation of culture units (3.1) of step a) comprises an inoculation period of 20 days in the presence of ambient temperature, a pH between 7 and 8, and / or in the presence of ambient photoperiod luminosity.

27. The method according to claim 24, CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises a mollusc pre-cultivation stage comprising the following sub-stages: -i- Cultivation of molluscs in the seed stage in a tank at a temperature of 18 °C to 22 °C; -ii- Then, transfer the mollusks to a Pearl-net system and keep them at room temperature for a period of 4 months; and -¡¡¡- Once the previous process is finished, transfer the mollusks to the lanterns (2') to subsequently install them in the equipment (100).

28. Use of a long-line dual equipment (100) according to claim 1 to 23, CHARACTERIZED in that it is used for the multitrophic cultivation of mollusks and algae.

29. Use of the equipment (100) according to claim 28, CHARACTERIZED because the mollusks are selected from the group of peptidids, such as Argopecten purpuratus, Chlamys vitrea, Chlamys amandi, and Chlamys patagonia.

30. Use of the equipment (100) according to claim 29, CHARACTERIZED in that the mollusks are preferably Argopecten purpuratus.

31. Use of the equipment (100) according to claim 28, CHARACTERIZED because the algae are selected from the group of macroalgae, such as Callophyllis sp., Gelidium sp., Chondracanthus chamissoi, Durvillaea sp., Macrocystis pyrifera, Lessonia spicata, Lessonia trabeculata, Laurencia chilensis, Ulva sp., Pyropia sp., Sarcothalia crispata, Mazzaella laminarioides, Mastocarpus sp., Gigartina skottsbergii, Agarophyton chilensis, Ahnfeltiopsis sp., Gymnogongrus sp.

32. Use of the equipment (100) according to claim 31, CHARACTERIZED in that the algae are preferably Chondracanthus chamissoi.

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