Communication method and apparatus

Abstract

Embodiments of the present application relate to the technical field of communications, and provide a communication method and apparatus. The communication method comprises: a network function service consumer entity sends a first request to a network data analytics function (NWDAF) network element, wherein the first request comprises priority indication information, the first request is used for requesting the NWDAF network element to feed back a plurality of analytics results of a network policy on the basis of the priority indication information, and the priority indication information is used for indicating feedback priorities of the plurality of analytics results of the network policy; and the NWDAF network element sends a first response to the network function service consumer entity, wherein the first response comprises at least one analytics result, and the at least one analytics result is determined from among the plurality of analytics results on the basis of the feedback priorities of the plurality of analytics results. In this way, the NWDAF network element can selectively feed back at least one analytics result to the network function service consumer entity on the basis of the priority indication information, thereby improving the value of recommendation of the NWDAF network element.

Description

Communication method and device

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the State Intellectual Property Office of the People's Republic of China on December 26, 2023, with application number 202311820532.5 and application name "A Communication Method and Device", the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0003] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a communication method and device. Background Art

[0004] With the development of communication technology, the types and number of network elements in communication networks are becoming more and more abundant. Among them, the network data analytics function (NWDAF) network element in the communication network can provide policy analysis or policy recommendation for the network. In the prior art, the policy control function (PCF) network element can send a request to the NWDAF network element to obtain the NWDAF network element's recommendation results on quality of service (QoS) parameters. However, the NWDAF network element may generate multiple recommendation results, and the NWDAF network element will send multiple recommendation results to the PCF network element. Currently, the NWDAF network element cannot selectively send recommendation results to the PCF network element, and the recommendation value is low. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The embodiment of the present application provides a communication method and apparatus, in which a network data analysis function network element can selectively send analysis results to a first network element, thereby improving the recommendation value.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides a communication method that can be performed by a network function service consuming entity, the method comprising: the network function service consuming entity sending a first request to a network data analysis function network element, and receiving a first response from the network data analysis function network element. The first request includes priority indication information, the first request is used to request the network data analysis function network element to feedback multiple analysis results of a network policy according to the priority indication information, the priority indication information is used to indicate the feedback priority of the multiple analysis results of the network policy, and the first response includes at least one analysis result, the at least one analysis result being determined from the multiple results based on the feedback priority of the multiple analysis results.

[0007] In this method, a network function service consuming entity sends a first request including priority indication information to a network data analysis function network element. The network data analysis function network element can then provide feedback to the network function service consuming entity based on the priority indication information regarding at least one analysis result of a network policy. This allows the network data analysis network element to select the most valuable analysis result from among the multiple analysis results and recommend it to the network function service consuming entity, thereby increasing the value of the recommendation.

[0008] In one possible design, the first response includes a first analysis result, which is an analysis result with the highest priority among multiple analysis results of the network policy; or, the first response includes at least one analysis result, which is determined among the analysis results with the highest priority after sorting multiple analysis results from high to low according to feedback priority.

[0009] Through this design, the network data analysis network element can select the analysis result with the highest priority from multiple analysis results and feed it back to the network function service consumption entity. It can also select at least one analysis result with a high ranking from multiple analysis results sorted by feedback priority and feed it back to the network function service consumption entity, so as to recommend the most valuable analysis result to the network function service consumption entity, thereby improving the recommendation service experience.

[0010] In one possible design, each analysis result of multiple analysis results corresponds to a set of values ​​of a parameter combination corresponding to the network policy; the priority indication information includes first indication information, and the first indication information indicates the priority of multiple constraints of the parameter combination corresponding to the network policy; the priorities of multiple constraints are used to determine the first analysis result among multiple analysis results.

[0011] Through this design, the network data analysis network element can determine the priority of multiple analysis results fed back to the network function service consumption entity based on the priority of multiple constraints, so as to recommend the most valuable first analysis result to the network function service consumption entity, thereby improving the recommendation service experience.

[0012] In one possible design, each constraint of the multiple constraints includes a value range of each parameter in the parameter combination.

[0013] Through this design, the network function service consumption entity can inform the network data analysis network element of the analysis results of its interest by setting the value range of each parameter in the parameter combination of the constraint conditions, so that the network data analysis network element can quickly select the first analysis result required by the network function service consumption entity from multiple analysis results.

[0014] In one possible design, the priority indication information includes second indication information, where the second indication information is used to indicate the priorities of multiple parameters included in the parameter combination corresponding to the network policy.

[0015] Through this design, the network function service consumption entity can assist the network data analysis network element in selecting recommended analysis results by providing the network data analysis network element with the priorities of multiple parameters to obtain the desired analysis results, thereby providing the recommended value of the network data analysis network element.

[0016] In a possible design, the first analysis result is an analysis result that satisfies a constraint condition with a higher priority among the multiple constraint conditions.

[0017] Through this design, the network data analysis network element can select the analysis result that meets the constraint conditions with higher priority among the multiple constraints from the analysis results that meet multiple constraints as the first analysis result, and feed it back to the network function service consumption entity, thereby realizing selective feedback of analysis results to assist the network function service consumption entity in adjusting the network strategy, thereby improving the recommendation value of the network data analysis network element.

[0018] In a possible design, the first analysis result is an analysis result of the value range of the parameter with the highest priority among multiple parameters that meet the parameter combination.

[0019] Through this design, the network data analysis network element can select the first analysis result of the value range of the parameter with high priority in the parameter combination that meets multiple constraints from multiple analysis results based on the priority of multiple parameters in the parameter combination, and feed it back to the network function service consumption entity, thereby realizing selective feedback of analysis results to assist the network function service consumption entity in adjusting the network strategy, thereby improving the recommendation value of the network data analysis network element.

[0020] In one possible design, the first response also includes third indication information, where the third indication information is used to indicate the reason why the first analysis result does not meet the highest priority constraint among the multiple constraints.

[0021] Through this design, when the network data analysis network element fails to send the most expected analysis results to the network function service consumer entity, it can provide feedback on the reasons so that the network function service consumer entity can adjust the network strategy based on the received reasons, thereby improving the recommendation value and experience.

[0022] In one possible design, the first request also includes feedback indication information, the feedback indication information includes a feedback strategy, and the feedback indication information is used to instruct the network data analysis network element to feedback multiple analysis results of the network strategy to the network function service consumption entity according to the feedback strategy.

[0023] Through this design, the network data analysis network element can feedback the expected analysis results to the network function service consumption entity according to the feedback strategy, realize selective feedback of analysis results, and thus improve the recommendation value and experience.

[0024] In one possible design, the feedback strategy may be the number of analysis results fed back by the network data analysis network element to the network function service consumption entity.

[0025] Through this design, the network data analysis network element can select a certain number of analysis results from multiple analysis results of the network strategy according to the feedback strategy, and feed them back to the network function service consumption entity, thereby realizing selective feedback of analysis results to assist the network function service consumption entity in adjusting the network strategy, thereby improving the recommendation value of the network data analysis network element.

[0026] In one possible design, the feedback policy may be the priority of the analysis results fed back by the network data analysis network element to the network function service consumption entity.

[0027] Through this design, the network data analysis network element can prioritize multiple analysis results and select analysis results with the priority required by the network function service consumer entity. For example, multiple analysis results can be sorted according to their priorities, and one or more analysis results can be selected from the multiple analysis results in the front of the sort. The results are fed back to the network function service consumer entity, thereby realizing selective feedback of analysis results to assist the network function service consumer entity in adjusting the network strategy, thereby improving the recommendation value of the network data analysis network element.

[0028] In one possible design, the network function server consumption entity may be a policy control network element or an application function network element. The first request further includes at least one constraint condition of a parameter combination corresponding to the network policy.

[0029] In a second aspect, the present application provides a communication method, which can be performed by a network data analysis function network element, and the method includes:

[0030] A network data analysis function network element receives a first request from a network function service consumption entity; the first request includes priority indication information, the first request is used to request the network data analysis function network element to feedback multiple analysis results of the network policy according to the priority indication information, and the priority indication information is used to indicate the feedback priority of the multiple analysis results of the network policy. The network data analysis network element sends a first response to the network function service consumption entity, the first response including at least one analysis result, the at least one analysis result being determined from the multiple analysis results based on the feedback priority of the multiple analysis results.

[0031] In this method, the network data analysis function network element can select at least one most valuable analysis result from multiple analysis results and recommend it to the network function service consumption entity according to the priority indication information sent by the network function service consumption entity, thereby improving the value of the analysis results recommended by the network data analysis network element to the network function service consumption entity.

[0032] In one possible design, the first response includes a first analysis result, which is an analysis result with the highest priority among multiple analysis results of the network policy; or, the first response includes at least one analysis result, which is determined among the analysis results with the highest priority after sorting multiple analysis results from high to low according to feedback priority.

[0033] Through this design, the network data analysis network element can select the analysis result with the highest priority from multiple analysis results and feed it back to the network function service consumption entity. It can also select at least one analysis result with a high ranking from multiple analysis results sorted according to feedback priority and feed it back to the network function service consumption entity, so as to recommend the most valuable first analysis result to the network function service consumption entity, thereby improving the recommendation service experience.

[0034] In one possible design, each analysis result of multiple analysis results corresponds to a set of values ​​of a parameter combination corresponding to the network policy; the priority indication information includes first indication information, and the first indication information indicates the priority of multiple constraints of the parameter combination corresponding to the network policy; the priorities of multiple constraints are used to determine the first analysis result among multiple analysis results.

[0035] Through this design, the network data analysis network element can determine the priority of multiple analysis results fed back to the network function service consumption entity based on the priority of multiple constraints, so as to recommend the most valuable first analysis result to the network function service consumption entity, thereby improving the recommendation service experience.

[0036] In one possible design, each constraint of the multiple constraints includes a value range of each parameter in the parameter combination.

[0037] Through this design, the network data analysis function network element can quickly select the first analysis result required by the network function service consumption entity from multiple analysis results based on the value range of each parameter in the parameter combination.

[0038] In one possible design, the priority indication information includes second indication information, where the second indication information is used to indicate the priorities of multiple parameters included in the parameter combination corresponding to the network policy.

[0039] Through this design, the network data analysis function network element can select the first analysis result to be fed back from multiple analysis results according to the priority of multiple parameters when multiple analysis results cannot meet the constraints of the parameter combination. In this way, when there are no analysis results that meet the constraints, the network function service consumer entity can feedback the analysis results corresponding to the parameters of interest to it for subsequent adjustment of the network strategy.

[0040] In a possible design, the network data analysis network element may also use the analysis result with the highest priority among the multiple constraints as the first analysis result.

[0041] Through this design, the network data analysis network element can select analysis results that meet high-priority constraints from analysis results that meet the constraints, and recommend them to the network function service consumption entity, thereby realizing selective feedback of analysis results and improving the recommendation value of the network data analysis network element.

[0042] In one possible design, the network data analysis network element can also determine the analysis results among the multiple analysis results that meet multiple constraints; when the multiple analysis results do not meet any one of the multiple constraints, the network data analysis network can also use the analysis result of the value range of the parameter with the highest priority among the multiple parameters that meet the parameter combination as the first analysis result.

[0043] Through this design, the network data analysis network element can also select the analysis results of the value range of the parameter with high priority in the parameter combination that meets multiple constraints when multiple analysis results do not meet multiple constraints, and feedback them to the network function service consumption entity, thereby realizing selective feedback of analysis results, thereby improving the recommendation value of the network data analysis network element.

[0044] In one possible design, the first response also includes third indication information, where the third indication information is used to indicate the reason why the first analysis result does not meet the constraint with the highest priority among the multiple constraints.

[0045] Through this design, when the network data analysis network element does not send the analysis results that it is most interested in to the network function service consumer entity, it can provide it with feedback on the reasons, so that the network function service consumer entity can adjust the network strategy based on the received reasons, thereby improving the recommendation value and experience.

[0046] In one possible design, the first request also includes feedback indication information, the feedback indication information includes a feedback strategy, and the feedback indication information is used to instruct the network data analysis network element to feedback multiple analysis results of the network strategy to the network function service consumption entity according to the feedback strategy.

[0047] Through this design, the network data analysis network element can feedback the expected analysis results to the network function service consumption entity according to the feedback strategy, realize selective feedback of analysis results, and thus improve the recommendation value and experience.

[0048] In one possible design, the feedback strategy may be the number of analysis results fed back by the network data analysis network element to the network function service consumption entity.

[0049] Through this design, the network data analysis network element can select a certain number of analysis results from multiple analysis results of the network strategy according to the feedback strategy, and feed them back to the network function service consumption entity, thereby realizing selective feedback of analysis results to assist the network function service consumption entity in adjusting the network strategy, thereby improving the recommendation value of the network data analysis network element.

[0050] In one possible design, the feedback policy may be the priority of the analysis results fed back by the network data analysis network element to the network function service consumption entity.

[0051] Through this design, the network data analysis network element can prioritize multiple analysis results and select analysis results of the priority required by the network function service consumption entity. For example, multiple analysis results can be sorted according to their priorities, and one or more analysis results can be selected from the multiple analysis results in the front of the sort. The results are fed back to the network function service consumption entity, thereby realizing selective feedback of analysis results to assist the network function service consumption entity in adjusting the network strategy, thereby improving the recommendation value of the network data analysis network element.

[0052] In one possible design, the network function server consumption entity may be a policy control network element or an application function network element. The first request further includes at least one constraint condition of a parameter combination corresponding to the network policy.

[0053] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication device, which may be a network function service consumption entity, or a device, module or chip in a network function service consumption entity, or a device that can be used in conjunction with a network function service consumption entity. In one design, the communication device may include a module that executes the method / operation / step / action described in the first aspect, and the module may be a hardware circuit, or software, or a combination of a hardware circuit and software. In one design, the communication device may include a processing module and a communication module. Optionally, the processing module may also be replaced by the description of a processing unit, and the communication module may be replaced by the description of a communication unit, a transceiver unit or a communication interface, etc. The communication module may also be composed of a sending unit and a receiving unit.

[0054] A sending unit, used for sending data;

[0055] a receiving unit, configured to receive data;

[0056] A processing unit is configured to send a first request to a network data analysis network element through a sending unit, wherein the first request includes priority indication information, and the first request is used to request the network data analysis function network element to feedback multiple analysis results of the network policy according to the priority indication information, and the priority indication information is used to indicate the feedback priority of the multiple analysis results of the network policy; and receive a first response from the network data analysis network element through a receiving unit, wherein the first response includes at least one analysis result, and the at least one analysis result is determined among multiple results based on the feedback priority of the multiple analysis results.

[0057] In one possible design, the first response includes a first analysis result, which is an analysis result with the highest priority among multiple analysis results of the network policy; or, the first response includes at least one analysis result, which is determined among the analysis results with the highest priority after sorting multiple analysis results from high to low according to feedback priority.

[0058] In one possible design, each analysis result of the multiple analysis results corresponds to a set of values ​​of the parameter combination corresponding to the network policy; the priority indication information includes first indication information, and the first indication information indicates the priority of multiple constraints of the parameter combination corresponding to the network policy; the priority of the multiple constraints is used to determine the first analysis result among the multiple analysis results.

[0059] In one possible design, each constraint of the multiple constraints includes a value range of each parameter in the parameter combination.

[0060] In one possible design, the priority indication information includes second indication information, and the second indication information is used to indicate the priorities of multiple parameters included in the parameter combination corresponding to the network policy.

[0061] In a possible design, the first analysis result is an analysis result that satisfies a constraint condition with a high priority among the multiple constraint conditions.

[0062] In a possible design, the first analysis result is an analysis result of the value range of the parameter with the highest priority among multiple parameters that meet the parameter combination.

[0063] In one possible design, the first response also includes third indication information, where the third indication information is used to indicate the reason why the first analysis result does not meet the highest priority constraint among the multiple constraints.

[0064] In one possible design, the first request also includes feedback indication information, the feedback indication information includes a feedback strategy, and the feedback indication information is used to instruct the network data analysis network element to feedback multiple analysis results of the network strategy to the network function service consumption entity according to the feedback strategy.

[0065] In one possible design, the feedback strategy may be the number of analysis results fed back by the network data analysis network element to the network function service consumption entity.

[0066] In one possible design, the feedback policy may be the priority of the analysis results fed back by the network data analysis network element to the network function service consumption entity.

[0067] In one possible design, the first request also includes at least one constraint condition of the parameter combination corresponding to the network policy; the network function service consumption entity is a policy control function network element or an application function network element.

[0068] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication device, which may be a network data analysis network element, or a device, module or chip in a network data analysis network element, or a device that can be used in combination with a network data analysis network element. In one design, the communication device may include a module that corresponds one-to-one to the execution of the method / operation / step / action described in the second aspect, and the module may be a hardware circuit, or software, or a combination of a hardware circuit and software. In one design, the communication device may include a processing module and a communication module. Optionally, the processing module may also be replaced by the description of a processing unit, and the communication module may be replaced by the description of a communication unit, a transceiver unit or a communication interface, etc. The communication module may also be composed of a sending unit and a receiving unit.

[0069] A sending unit, used for sending data;

[0070] a receiving unit, configured to receive data;

[0071] A processing unit is configured to receive a first request from a network function service consumption entity through a receiving unit, wherein the first request includes priority indication information, and the first request is used to request the network data analysis function network element to feedback multiple analysis results of the network policy according to the priority indication information, and the priority indication information is used to indicate the feedback priority of the multiple analysis results of the network policy; and to send a first response to the network function service consumption entity through a sending unit, wherein the first response includes at least one analysis result, and the at least one analysis result is determined from multiple results based on the feedback priority of the multiple analysis results.

[0072] In one possible design, the first response includes a first analysis result, which is an analysis result with the highest priority among multiple analysis results of the network policy; or, the first response includes at least one analysis result, which is determined among the analysis results with the highest priority after sorting multiple analysis results from high to low according to feedback priority.

[0073] In one possible design, each analysis result of the multiple analysis results corresponds to a set of values ​​of the parameter combination corresponding to the network policy; the priority indication information includes first indication information, and the first indication information indicates the priority of multiple constraints of the parameter combination corresponding to the network policy; the priority of the multiple constraints is used to determine the first analysis result among the multiple analysis results.

[0074] In one possible design, each constraint of the multiple constraints includes a value range of each parameter in the parameter combination.

[0075] In one possible design, the priority indication information includes second indication information, and the second indication information is used to indicate the priorities of multiple parameters included in the parameter combination corresponding to the network policy.

[0076] In one possible design, the processing unit is further configured to:

[0077] The analysis result with the highest priority among the multiple constraint conditions is used as the first analysis result.

[0078] In one possible design, the processing unit is further configured to:

[0079] When it is determined that none of the multiple analysis results satisfy the multiple constraint conditions, the analysis result of the value range of the parameter with the highest priority among the multiple parameters of the parameter combination is used as the first analysis result.

[0080] In one possible design, the first response also includes third indication information, where the third indication information is used to indicate the reason why the first analysis result does not meet the highest priority constraint among the multiple constraints.

[0081] In one possible design, the first request also includes feedback indication information, the feedback indication information includes a feedback strategy, and the feedback indication information is used to instruct the network data analysis network element to feedback multiple analysis results of the network strategy to the network function service consumption entity according to the feedback strategy.

[0082] In one possible design, the feedback strategy may be the number of analysis results fed back by the network data analysis network element to the network function service consumption entity.

[0083] In one possible design, the feedback policy may be the priority of the analysis results fed back by the network data analysis network element to the network function service consumption entity.

[0084] In one possible design, the first request also includes at least one constraint condition of the parameter combination corresponding to the network policy; the network function service consumption entity is a policy control function network element or an application function network element.

[0085] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device, comprising: a processor and a communication interface, wherein the communication interface is used to receive signals from other devices outside the communication device and transmit them to the processor or send signals from the processor to other devices outside the communication device, wherein the processor executes code instructions through a logic circuit to implement the method described in the first aspect and any possible design of the first aspect, or implements the method described in the second aspect and any possible design of the second aspect. Optionally, the communication device may further include a memory, which is coupled to the processor and stores program instructions and data necessary for the device.

[0086] In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication system, which includes the communication device as described in the third aspect and the communication device as described in the fourth aspect.

[0087] In the seventh aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a chip system, comprising: a processor, the processor being coupled to a memory, the memory being used to store programs or instructions, and when the programs or instructions are executed by the processor, the chip system implements the method of the above-mentioned first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect, or implements the above-mentioned second aspect or any possible design of the second aspect.

[0088] Optionally, the chip system further includes an interface circuit for interacting code instructions with the processor.

[0089] Optionally, there may be one or more processors in the chip system, and the processor may be implemented in hardware or software. When implemented in hardware, the processor may be a logic circuit, an integrated circuit, etc. When implemented in software, the processor may be a general-purpose processor implemented by reading software code stored in a memory.

[0090] Optionally, the memory in the chip system may be one or more. The memory may be integrated with the processor or may be provided separately from the processor, which is not limited in this application. Exemplarily, the memory may be a non-transient processor, such as a read-only memory (ROM), which may be integrated with the processor on the same chip or provided on different chips. This application does not specifically limit the type of memory or the configuration of the memory and the processor.

[0091] In an eighth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program or instruction stored thereon. When the computer program or instruction is executed, the computer executes the method of the first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect, or executes the method of the second aspect or any possible design of the second aspect.

[0092] In the ninth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product. When a computer reads and executes the computer program product, the computer executes the method in the above-mentioned first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect, or executes the above-mentioned second aspect or any possible design of the second aspect.

[0093] In a tenth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication system, which includes the communication device described in the third aspect or the communication device described in the fourth aspect.

[0094] For the beneficial effects of the third to ninth aspects mentioned above, please refer to the technical effects that can be achieved by the corresponding design in the first aspect mentioned above, and no further details will be given here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0095] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system architecture;

[0096] FIG2 is another schematic diagram of a communication system architecture;

[0097] FIG3 is a flow chart of a communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0098] FIG4 is a flow chart of a communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0099] FIG5 is another flow chart of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0100] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of another flow chart of the communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0101] FIG7 is another flow chart of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0102] FIG8 is a schematic diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0103] FIG9 is a schematic diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0104] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of this application more clear, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The specific operation methods in the method embodiments can also be applied to the device embodiments or system embodiments.

[0105] Below, some of the terms involved in the embodiments of the present application are explained to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art.

[0106] The various network elements shown in the terms in the embodiments of the present application can be physical concepts, for example, they can be physically a single device, or at least two network elements can be integrated on the same physical device, or the network elements shown in this article can also be logical concepts, such as software modules or network functions corresponding to the services provided by each network element. The network function can be understood as a virtualization function under virtualization implementation, and can also be understood as a network function that provides services under a service-oriented architecture.

[0107] In the embodiments of the present application, the terms "system" and "network" can be used interchangeably. In the embodiments of the present application, the term "multiple" refers to two or more. In view of this, in the embodiments of the present application, "multiple" can also be understood as "at least two". "At least one" can be understood as one or more, for example, one, two or more. For example, "including at least one" means including one, two or more, and there is no limit on which ones are included. For example, if at least one of A, B and C is included, then A, B, C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C can be included. Similarly, the understanding of descriptions such as "at least one" is similar. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single items or multiple items. For example, "at least one of A, B and C" includes A, B, C, AB, AC, BC or ABC. "And / or" describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the character “ / ”, unless otherwise specified, generally indicates that the previous and next associated objects are in an “or” relationship.

[0108] Unless otherwise specified, the ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" mentioned in the embodiments of the present application are used to distinguish multiple objects, and are not used to limit the order, timing, priority or importance of multiple objects, and the descriptions of "first" and "second" do not limit the objects to be different.

[0109] The embodiments of the present application will present various aspects, embodiments or features around a system that may include multiple devices, components, modules, etc. It should be understood and appreciated that each system may include additional devices, components, modules, etc., and / or may not include all the devices, components, modules, etc. discussed in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In addition, a combination of these schemes may also be used. In addition, in the embodiments of the present application, words such as "exemplarily" and "such as" are used to represent examples, illustrations or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described as "example" in this application should not be interpreted as being more preferred or more advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of the word "example" is intended to present concepts in a concrete way.

[0110] In addition, the terms "including" and "having" in the embodiments, claims, and drawings of this application are not exclusive. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or modules is not limited to the listed steps or modules and may also include steps or modules that are not listed.

[0111] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication systems, such as long term evolution (LTE) communication system, universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) system, code division multiple access (CDMA) system, wireless local area network (WLAN), next generation radio access network (NG-RAN) system, new radio (NR) communication technology, fifth generation (5G) communication system, sixth generation (6G) communication system and other communication systems evolved after 5G. The following introduces some network architectures to which the present application is applicable. In the following introduction, the terminal device is taken as user equipment (UE) as an example.

[0112] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system architecture based on a service-oriented architecture. The communication system includes terminal devices, access network equipment (AN), and core network (CN). Terminal devices access the data network (DN) through the access network equipment and core network equipment. Among them, the core network equipment includes some or all of the following network elements: unified data management (UDM) network element, unified data repository (UDR) network element, network exposure function (NEF) network element, application function (AF) network element, policy control function (PCF) network element, access and mobility management function (AMF) network element, session management function (SMF) network element, user plane function (UPF) network element, network data analysis function (NWDAF) network element, network repository function (NRF) network element, location management function (LMF) network element (not shown in the figure), binding support function (BSF) network element, operation and maintenance management (OAM) network element.

[0113] The access network device may be a radio access network (RAN) device. For example: a base station, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB), a transmission reception point (TRP), a next generation NodeB (gNB) in a 5G mobile communication system, a next generation base station in a sixth generation (6G) mobile communication system, a base station in a future mobile communication system, or an access node in a wireless fidelity (WiFi) system, etc.; it may also be a module or unit that performs part of the functions of a base station, for example, a centralized unit (CU) or a distributed unit (DU). The radio access network device may be a macro base station, a micro base station or an indoor station, a relay node or a donor node, etc. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific technology and specific device form adopted by the radio access network device.

[0114] Terminal devices can be user equipment (UE), mobile stations, mobile terminals, etc. Terminal devices can be widely used in various scenarios, such as device-to-device (D2D), vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, machine-type communication (MTC), the Internet of Things (IoT), virtual reality, augmented reality, industrial control, autonomous driving, telemedicine, smart grids, smart furniture, smart offices, smart wearables, smart transportation, and smart cities. Terminal devices can be mobile phones, tablets, computers with wireless transceiver capabilities, wearable devices, vehicles, urban air vehicles (such as drones and helicopters), ships, robots, robotic arms, smart home devices, etc.

[0115] Access network equipment and terminal devices can be fixed or mobile. They can be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, handheld or vehicle-mounted; on water; or in the air on aircraft, balloons, and satellites. The embodiments of this application do not limit the application scenarios of access network equipment and terminal devices.

[0116] The AMF network element performs functions such as mobility management and access authentication / authorization. It is also responsible for transferring user policies between terminal devices and the PCF.

[0117] The SMF network element includes functions such as session management, execution of control policies issued by the PCF, selection of the UPF, and allocation of Internet Protocol (IP) addresses for terminal devices.

[0118] The UPF network element, as the interface with the data network, includes functions such as user plane data forwarding, session / flow-level billing statistics, and bandwidth limitation.

[0119] UDM network element includes functions such as executing and managing contract data and user access authorization.

[0120] The UDR network element includes the access functions for executing contract data, policy data, application data and other types of data.

[0121] NEF network element is used to support the opening of capabilities and events.

[0122] The AF network element conveys the application side's requirements to the network side, such as quality of service (QoS) requirements or user status event subscriptions. The AF can be a third-party functional entity or an application server deployed by the operator.

[0123] The PCF network element is responsible for policy control functions such as session and service flow level billing, QoS bandwidth guarantee and mobility management, and terminal device policy decision-making.

[0124] NRF network elements can be used to provide network element discovery functions, providing network element information corresponding to the network element type based on requests from other network elements. NRF network elements also provide network element management services, such as network element registration, update, deregistration, and network element status subscription and push.

[0125] The NWDAF network element is primarily used to collect data (including one or more of the following: terminal device data, access network device data, core network element data, and third-party application device data). This data can be the terminal device, access network device, core network element, or third-party application device's own data, or the terminal device's data on the access network device, core network element, or third-party application device. The collected data is then analyzed and the results are output for use by the network, network management equipment, and application execution policy decisions. The NWDAF can utilize machine learning models for data analysis. Release 17 of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) separates the training and inference functions of the NWDAF. An NWDAF can support only model training, only data inference, or both. An NWDAF that supports model training can also be referred to as a training NWDAF, or an NWDAF that supports the model training logical function (MTLF) (abbreviated as NWDAF (MTLF)). The training NWDAF can perform model training based on the acquired data to obtain a trained model. An NWDAF that supports data reasoning function can also be called a reasoning NWDAF, or a NWDAF that supports analytics logical function (AnLF) (abbreviated as NWDAF (AnLF)). The reasoning NWDAF can input input data into the trained model to obtain analysis results or reasoning data. In the embodiment of the present application, the training NWDAF refers to an NWDAF that at least supports the model training function. As a possible implementation method, the training NWDAF can also support the data reasoning function. The reasoning NWDAF refers to an NWDAF that at least supports the data reasoning function. As a possible implementation method, the reasoning NWDAF can also support the model training function. If an NWDAF supports both model training function and data reasoning function, the NWDAF can be called a training NWDAF, a reasoning NWDAF, a training reasoning NWDAF, or an NWDAF. In the embodiment of the present application, an NWDAF can be a separate network element, or it can be set up together with other network elements, for example, the NWDAF is set up in a PCF network element or an AMF network element.

[0126] The OAM network element is responsible for the operation, management, and maintenance of network elements in the 5GC. It can collect measurement data of network elements in the 5GC, including signaling measurements, data measurements, and general network element measurements.

[0127] The LMF network element is used to manage the location information of terminal devices. It can calculate or verify the location of terminal devices and / or estimate the speed of terminal devices, and provide the estimated accuracy. The LMF network element can receive the location request of the terminal device from the AMF network element through the Nlmf interface. The granularity of the terminal location calculated by the LMF network element can be one or more of longitude, latitude, altitude, tracking area, cell, and Global Positioning System (GPS).

[0128] A DN is a network located outside of a carrier network. A carrier network can connect to multiple DNs, and a variety of services can be deployed on the DN, providing data and / or voice services to terminal devices. For example, a DN is the private network of a smart factory. Sensors installed in the workshop can be terminal devices. The DN houses a sensor control server, which provides services to the sensors. Sensors can communicate with the control server, receive instructions from the control server, and transmit collected sensor data to the control server based on the instructions. Another example is a DN that is a company's internal office network. An employee's mobile phone or computer can be a terminal device, allowing them to access information and data resources on the company's internal office network.

[0129] In Figure 1, Nudr, Npcf, Namf, Nudm, Nsmf, Naf, and Nnwdaf are service-oriented interfaces provided by the UDR, PCF, AMF, UDM, SMF, AF, and NWDAF, respectively, and are used to invoke corresponding service-oriented operations. N1, N2, N3, N4, and N6 are interface serial numbers, and their meanings are as follows:

[0130] 1) N1: The interface between the AMF network element and the terminal device, which can be used to transmit non-access stratum (NAS) signaling (such as QoS rules from the AMF network element) to the terminal device.

[0131] 2) N2: The interface between the AMF network element and the access network equipment, which can be used to transmit radio bearer control information from the core network side to the access network equipment.

[0132] 3) N3: The interface between the access network equipment and the UPF network element, mainly used to transmit uplink and downlink user plane data between the access network equipment and the UPF network element.

[0133] 4) N4: The interface between the SMF network element and the UPF network element, which can be used to transmit information between the control plane and the user plane, including controlling the issuance of forwarding rules, QoS rules, traffic statistics rules, etc. for the user plane and reporting information on the user plane.

[0134] 5) N6: The interface between UPF network element and DN, used to transmit uplink and downlink user data flows between UPF network element and DN.

[0135] It is understood that the above-mentioned network element or function can be a network element in a hardware device, a software function running on dedicated hardware, or a virtualized function instantiated on a platform (e.g., a cloud platform). Optionally, the above-mentioned network element or function can be implemented by a single device, or by multiple devices, or can be a functional module within a single device, and this is not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0136] In the embodiments of the present application, the term "network element" can be interchanged with "entity" or "device". For example, "AMF network element" can also be written as "AMF entity" or "AMF device", and "SMF network element" can also be written as "SMF entity" or "SMF device". For the convenience of description below, "XXX network element" will be uniformly abbreviated as "XXX", for example, "AUSF network element" can also be abbreviated as "AUSF", "SMF network element" can also be abbreviated as "SMF", and NWDAF can be abbreviated as NWDAF.

[0137] As an implementation method, the network data analysis function network element in the embodiment of the present application can be the above-mentioned NWDAF network element, or it can be a network element with the functions of the above-mentioned NWDAF network element in future communications such as 6G networks. For ease of explanation, the following explanation is based on the example that the network data analysis network element is an NWDAF network element.

[0138] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of the present application, the following first introduces technologies related to the embodiments of the present application.

[0139] The basic framework for NWDAF to provide recommendation services was proposed in the technical report (TR) of 5G Release 16. The basic principles for NWDAF to provide recommendation services are proposed in this framework:

[0140] 1) The NWDAF does not need to understand the internal operating logic and configuration of the network function service consumer (NFc) entity. The network function service consumer entity is referred to as the "NFc entity" or "NFc." Specifically, it can be a NF that can call functional services in the service-oriented architecture. For example, this network element can be any of the following: OAM network element, AMF network element, PCF network element, SMF network element, NRF network element, or AF network element.

[0141] 2) NWDAF only provides recommendations and does not interfere with NFc's operations. The final decision is made by NFc based on its internal business logic, and only NFc is responsible for its decision results.

[0142] 3) Before NWDAF provides a recommendation result, it needs to consider the various recommendations it has previously provided to avoid conflicts among various recommendations.

[0143] In some embodiments, the parameters included in the request sent by the NFc to the NWDAF network element are as follows:

[0144] (1) The desired recommendation on a given domain, expressed as an arecRequirement object, including the recommended registered ID in the given domain, optimization goals, and constraints per requested parameter, expressed as parameter ranges. Optimization goals and constraints are optional parameters.

[0145] (2) The observation period [start..end] in the future on which recommendations are requested.

[0146] (3) Maximum tolerable delay for the provision of the recommendations.

[0147] (4) Event parameters for periodic notification refer to the event parameters of the corresponding notification notified to NFc in a periodic notification manner.

[0148] (5) Preferences on recommendations is an optional parameter.

[0149] (6) Event reporting target, which can be target of event reporting (TER), event filtering information (EFI) and denotation of explicit lists.

[0150] In this embodiment of the present application, the parameters requested by the NFc from the NWDAF network element are QoS parameters. In existing standards, a QoS flow can be "guaranteed bit rate (GBR)" or "non-GBR", depending on its QoS profile. The QoS profile of the QoS flow is sent to the (R)AN and contains the following QoS parameters:

[0151] 1) For each QoS flow, the QoS profile shall include QoS parameters: 5G QoS identifier (5QI) and allocation and retention priority (ARP);

[0152] 2) For each QoS flow, the QoS profile may also include QoS parameters: PDU set QoS parameters: PDU set delay budget (PSDB), PDU set error rate (PSER), PDU set integrated handling information (PSIHI);

[0153] 3) For each non-GBR QoS flow only, the QoS profile may also include QoS parameters: reflective QoS attribute (RQA);

[0154] 4) For each GBR QoS flow only, the QoS profile shall also include the QoS parameters: uplink and downlink guaranteed flow bit rate (UL and DL GFBR) and uplink and downlink maximum flow bit rate (UL and DL MFBR);

[0155] 5) In the case of GBR-only QoS traffic, the QoS profile may also include one or more QoS parameters: notification control and maximum packet loss rate (UL and DL).

[0156] Taking the PCF network element invoking the recommended service of the NWDAF network element as an example, Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the communication system architecture based on the recommended service architecture. The communication system includes UE, gNB, UPF network element, DN, SMF network element, OAM network element, NWDAF network element, and PCF network element. Among them, the NWDAF network element provides the recommended service to the PCF network element, including the following steps:

[0157] Step 1: The PCF network element sends a request to the NWDAF network element, requesting the NWDAF network element to provide a recommendation result of the QoS parameters of the service scenario.

[0158] For example, the PCF network element may request the NWDAF network element to provide a recommended bit rate and delay for a scenario where the service experience (mean opinion score, Mos) of the service is greater than or equal to 4.

[0159] Step 2: The NWDAF network element collects data from the OAM network element or other network elements. For example, it collects the reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal receiving quality (RSRQ), and signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) of wireless signals from the OAM network element, and collects the transmission delay of data from the UPF network element for comprehensive analysis to obtain the recommended bit rate and delay data.

[0160] Step 3: The NWDAF network element sends the recommendation result to the PCF network element.

[0161] Step 4: The PCF selects a set of parameters based on the received NWDAF recommendation result to set the QoS so that the service experience Mos of the service is greater than or equal to 4.

[0162] However, the NWDAF network element may generate multiple recommendation results, and the NWDAF network element will send multiple recommendation results to the PCF network element. Currently, the NWDAF network element cannot selectively send recommendation results to the PCF network element, and the recommendation value is low.

[0163] In view of this, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method to ensure that the NWDAF network element can selectively make recommendations, thereby improving the recommendation value.

[0164] Next, the communication method provided by the embodiments of the present application is described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. For ease of explanation, the network function service consumer entity is referred to as NFC below. In the accompanying drawings corresponding to the various embodiments of the present application, all optional steps are represented by dotted lines.

[0165] FIG3 is a flow chart of a communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application, as described below.

[0166] S301: NFc sends a first request to NWDAF network element. NWDAF network element receives the first request from NFc.

[0167] The first request includes priority indication information, and the first request is used to request the NWDAF network element to feedback multiple analysis results of the network policy according to the priority indication information. Furthermore, the network policy can be optimization goals, which is used to instruct the NWDAF network element to provide analysis results based on the network policy. In other words, the network policy represents the goals that can be achieved by the analysis results of the NFC request. For example, if the network policy is a scenario with a service experience Mos > 4, the analysis results of the NFC request are parameter values ​​of QoS parameters that can achieve the service experience Mos > 4.

[0168] Optionally, the NFc can subscribe to recommended services from the NWDAF network element by analyzing the open architecture or the recommended architecture. For example, after discovering the NWDAF network element through analysis of the open architecture or the recommended architecture, the NFc can subscribe to the recommended services from the NWDAF network element. Furthermore, the NFc can discover NWDAF network elements with recommendation capabilities through the NRF network element and subscribe to the recommended services from them. Optionally, the NFc can be a PCF network element or an AF network element.

[0169] After receiving the first request, the NWDAF network element may collect data from other network elements based on the network policy in the first request, and perform a comprehensive analysis on the data to obtain multiple analysis results of the network policy. The other network elements may be AF network elements and NFs network elements.

[0170] Optionally, the first request may further include at least one constraint condition of a parameter combination corresponding to the network policy, where the constraint condition is used to select the required analysis result of the network policy from multiple analysis results of the network policy. The NWDAF network element may select the analysis result that the NFC expects to be fed back based on the at least one constraint condition. Optionally, the constraint condition includes a value range for each parameter in the parameter combination. For example, when the parameter combination includes the following parameters: downlink guaranteed flow bit rate (DL GFBR) and downlink maximum flow bit rate (DL MFBR), the constraint conditions corresponding to the parameter combination (i.e., DL GFBR and DL MFBR) may be DL GFBR[m1, m2] and DL MFBR[n1, n2], where m2>m1 and n2>n1.

[0171] The priority indication information is used to indicate the feedback priority (or feedback order) of multiple analysis results of the network policy. It can also be understood that the priority indication information is used to indicate the order in which the NWDAF network element feeds back multiple analysis results of the network policy.

[0172] Optionally, the priority indication information may include first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate the priority of multiple constraints of the parameter combination corresponding to the network policy. The priority of multiple constraints is used to determine the first analysis result among multiple analysis results, and the first analysis result is the analysis result with the highest priority among the multiple analysis results of the network policy. Among them, the number of first analysis results can be one or more. Exemplarily, NFc can configure priorities for multiple constraints of the parameter combination to inform the NWDAF network element of the priority of the analysis result it most expects to receive. For example, the multiple constraints corresponding to the QoS parameter combination can be divided into the following 5 levels, and each level corresponds to a constraint:

[0173] level1: DL GFBR: [100Mbps, 150Mbps], DL MPLR: [1%-5%];

[0174] level2: DL GFBR: [80Mbps, 100Mbps], DL MPLR: [1%-5%];

[0175] level3: DL GFBR: [60Mbps, 80Mbps], DL MPLR: [1%-5%];

[0176] level4: DL GFBR: [80Mbps, 100Mbps], DL MPLR: [5%-8%];

[0177] level5: DL GFBR: [60Mbps, 80Mbps], DL MPLR: [5%-8%].

[0178] Level 1-5 is used to represent the priority of the constraint conditions, where the priority of the constraint conditions decreases from 1 to 5.

[0179] Optionally, the NWDAF network element may recommend the analysis result that satisfies the highest-priority constraint among multiple constraints as the first analysis result to the NFc. Specifically, the NWDAF network element may select the first analysis result that the NFc is most eager to receive from among the analysis results that satisfy the multiple constraints based on the priorities of the multiple constraints. Exemplarily, the NWDAF network element may determine which analysis result, among the multiple analysis results, satisfies multiple constraints and, based on the priorities of the constraints satisfied by the analysis results, determine the feedback priority of the analysis results. The feedback priority refers to the order in which the NWDAF network element feeds back the analysis results to the NFc, and the NWDAF network element only sends the analysis result with the highest feedback priority to the NFc. Furthermore, the feedback priority of the analysis result is determined based on the priorities of the constraints satisfied by the analysis result. The higher the priority of the constraints satisfied by the analysis result, the higher the corresponding feedback priority. The analysis result that satisfies the highest-priority constraint has the highest feedback priority among the multiple analysis results and is the analysis result of greatest interest to the NFc. For example, if the NWDAF analyzes and finds QoS parameters that meet level 1 constraints, it can determine that the analysis result corresponding to this QoS parameter has the highest feedback priority and recommend it as the first analysis result to the NFC. At the same time, the NWDAF will not send analysis results that meet constraints at other levels to the NFC. For another example, if the NWDAF finds that none of the multiple analysis results meet level 1 constraints, but that QoS parameters meet levels 2-5, the analysis result that meets level 2 constraints will have the highest feedback priority. That is, the NWDAF will only recommend the analysis result that meets level 2 as the first analysis result to the NFC. Similarly, if the NWDAF finds that none of the multiple analysis results meet constraints at levels 1-4, but only one meets constraints at level 5, the NWDAF will recommend only the analysis result that meets level 5 as the first analysis result to the NFC.

[0180] Optionally, the first indication information may be implicit indication information. For example, the multiple constraints corresponding to the QoS parameter combination include 5 groups of constraints (DL GFBR: [100Mbps, 150Mbps], DL MPLR: [1%-5%]; DL GFBR: [80Mbps, 100Mbps], DL MPLR: [1%-5%]; DL GFBR: [60Mbps, 80Mbps], DL MPLR: [1%-5%]; DL GFBR: [80Mbps, 100Mbps], DL MPLR: [5%-8%]; DL GFBR: [60Mbps, 80Mbps], DL MPLR: [5%-8%]). The priority of the constraint is determined according to the order of the constraint, and the constraint with the first order is the constraint with the highest priority. Exemplarily, the order of the constraints can be the position order of the multiple constraints in the first request, or the judgment and execution order of the multiple constraints. For example, the NWDAF network element may determine the priorities of multiple constraints based on the order of their positions in the first request, wherein the constraint that comes first in the order is the constraint with the highest priority. For another example, the NWDAF network element may determine the priorities of multiple constraints based on the order of their execution, wherein the constraint that first filters multiple analysis results is the constraint with the highest priority.

[0181] Optionally, the NFC may configure one constraint in the constraints per requested parameter carried in the first request, or may configure multiple constraints in the constraints per requested parameter. Furthermore, when the constraints per requested parameter contains multiple constraints, the first indication information is used to indicate the priority of the multiple constraints.

[0182] Optionally, the NFC may further configure a constraint in the constraints per requested parameter, add another separate parameter, alternative constraints per requested parameter, in the first request, and provide at least one candidate constraint to the NWDAF network element. For example, when the constraints per requested parameter includes a constraint and the alternative constraints per requested parameter includes at least one candidate constraint, the first indication information may indicate a priority between the constraint and the at least one candidate constraint. The priority of the constraint is higher than the priority of the at least one candidate constraint.

[0183] For example, the constraints per requested parameter carried in the first request includes only one constraint, which is: Level 1: DL GFBR: [100 Mbps, 150 Mbps], DL MPLR: [1%-5%]; the alternative constraints per requested parameter carried in the first request includes multiple candidate constraints, where the multiple candidate constraints are as follows:

[0184] level2: DL GFBR: [80Mbps, 100Mbps], DL MPLR: [1%-5%];

[0185] level3: DL GFBR: [60Mbps, 80Mbps], DL MPLR: [1%-5%];

[0186] level4: DL GFBR: [80Mbps, 100Mbps], DL MPLR: [5%-8%];

[0187] level5: DL GFBR: [60Mbps, 80Mbps], DL MPLR: [5%-8%].

[0188] Levels 1-5 are used to represent the priority of the constraints, with the priority levels decreasing from 1 to 5. As shown in the above example, Levels 1-5 are explicit indications. Levels 1-5 can also be implicit information. When multiple candidate constraints do not explicitly indicate Levels 1-5, the priority of the constraints can be determined based on the order of the constraints. The details are as follows:

[0189] DL GFBR: [80Mbps, 100Mbps], DL MPLR: [1%-5%];

[0190] DL GFBR: [60Mbps, 80Mbps], DL MPLR: [1%-5%];

[0191] DL GFBR: [80Mbps, 100Mbps], DL MPLR: [5%-8%];

[0192] DL GFBR: [60Mbps, 80Mbps], DL MPLR: [5%-8%].

[0193] The priority of DL GFBR: [80 Mbps, 100 Mbps], DL MPLR: [1%-5%] is higher than the priority of DL GFBR: [60 Mbps, 80 Mbps], DL MPLR: [1%-5%], and subsequent constraints. For example, the order of the constraints can be the order in which the constraints appear in the first request, or the order in which the constraints are executed.

[0194] The NWDAF network element can select the first analysis result that the NFc most expects to receive from multiple analysis results that meet the constraints or candidate constraints based on the priority of the constraints. For example, the NWDAF network element can determine the analysis result that meets the above five constraints among multiple analysis results. When the NWDAF network element obtains the QoS parameters that meet the level 1 constraint requirements after analysis, it recommends the analysis result corresponding to the QoS parameter as the first analysis result to the NFc. At the same time, the NWDAF network element will not send analysis results that meet other levels of constraints to the NFc. For another example, when the NWDAF network element finds that there are no QoS parameters that can meet the level 1 constraint among multiple analysis results, but there are QoS parameters that meet the candidate constraints of level 2-level 5, the NWDAF network element only recommends the analysis result that meets the candidate constraints of level 2 as the first analysis result to the NFc. Similarly, when the NWDAF network element finds that none of the analysis results satisfy the level 1-level 4 constraints, and only one analysis result satisfies the level 5 candidate constraint, the NWDAF network element recommends only the analysis result satisfying level 5 as the first analysis result to the NFc.

[0195] Optionally, the priority indication information may further include second indication information, which is used to indicate the priority of multiple parameters in the parameter combination corresponding to the network policy. The NFC may also provide the priority of multiple parameters in the parameter combination corresponding to the network policy to inform the NWDAF network element of the parameters of interest to the NFC when the analysis results do not meet the constraints. The parameters of interest to the NFC may also be understood as parameters preferred by the NFC or parameters required by the NFC. In this way, when multiple analysis results do not meet the constraints, the NWDAF network element can provide the NFC with analysis results that only meet the value range of the parameter with the highest priority among the constraints.

[0196] Optionally, when the NWDAF network element determines that multiple parameters of a parameter combination corresponding to multiple analysis results do not satisfy any of the aforementioned constraints, the NWDAF network element may select the analysis result of the parameters in the corresponding parameter combination from the multiple analysis results that satisfy the partial content of the constraints as the analysis result of the network policy and recommend it to the NFc. Further optionally, a recommendation condition may be defined: the priority of the parameters in the aforementioned parameter combination that satisfy the partial content of the constraints is higher than that of other parameters. Exemplarily, when multiple analysis results do not satisfy any of the constraints, the NWDAF network element may use the analysis result of the value range of the parameter with the highest priority among the multiple parameters that satisfy the parameter combination as the first analysis result.

[0197] For example, a first request includes a constraint: DL GFBR: [100 Mbps, 150 Mbps], DL MPLR: [1%-5%]. The NWDAF analyzes the network policy based on the collected data and obtains two analysis results. Analysis result 1 is: DL GFBR: [100 Mbps, 150 Mbps], DL MPLR: [6%-10%]; analysis result 2 is: DL GFBR: [80 Mbps, 100 Mbps], DL MPLR: [1%-5%]. The NWDAF network element may determine that both analysis results 1 and 2 do not meet the constraint included in the first request. Furthermore, the NFC indicates in the second indication that DL GFBR has a lower priority than DL MPLR. In this case, the NWDAF may feed back analysis result 2, which indicates that DL MPLR meets the constraint, as the first analysis result to the NFC.

[0198] For another example, the first request includes the aforementioned constraints from levels 1-5. The NWDAF analyzes the network policy based on the collected data and obtains two analysis results. Analysis result 1 is: DL GFBR: [100 Mbps, 150 Mbps], DL MPLR: [6%-10%]; analysis result 2 is: DL GFBR: [80 Mbps, 100 Mbps], DL MPLR: [6%-10%]. The NWDAF network element may determine that neither analysis result 1 nor analysis result 2 satisfies any of the aforementioned constraints from levels 1-5. Furthermore, the NFC indicates in the second indication that the DL GFBR takes precedence over the DL MPLR. The NWDAF determines that the DL GFBRs of both analysis results 1 and 2 meet the DL GFBR value range in the constraints. In this case, the NWDAF may feed back analysis result 1, indicating that the DL GFBR meets the level 1 constraints, as the first analysis result to the NFC.

[0199] Optionally, the first request may also carry feedback indication information, which includes a feedback policy. The feedback indication information is used to instruct the NWDAF network element to feedback multiple network policy analysis results to the NFc based on the feedback policy. As an example, the feedback policy may be the number of analysis results that the NWDAF network element feeds back to the NFc. In this case, the feedback indication information instructs the NWDAF network element to feed back N analysis results to the NFc. Exemplarily, the NWDAF network element may determine the feedback priority of the multiple network policy analysis results based on the priority indication information. The NWDAF network element selects N analysis results from the multiple analysis results and feeds them back to the NFc in descending order of feedback priority. For example, analysis result 1 has a priority of 1, analysis result 2 has a priority of 2, analysis result 3 has a priority of 3, and analysis result 4 has a priority of 4, where the analysis results have descending priorities from 1 to 4. When N is 3, the feedback indication information instructs the NWDAF network element to feed back three analysis results based on the feedback priority of the analysis results. In this case, the NWDAF network element may select three analysis results from the four analysis results in order of priority, namely, analysis result 1, analysis result 2, and analysis result 3. The NWDAF network element recommends analysis result 1, analysis result 2, and analysis result 3 to the NFc.

[0200] For another example, analysis results 1, 5, and 6 have a priority of 1, analysis result 2 has a priority of 2, analysis result 3 has a priority of 3, and analysis result 4 has a priority of 4, where the priorities of the analysis results decrease from 1 to 4. When N is 3, the feedback indication information instructs the NWDAF network element to feedback three analysis results based on the feedback priority of the analysis results. In this case, the NWDAF network element can select three analysis results from the four analysis results in order of priority: analysis result 1, analysis result 5, and analysis result 6. The NWDAF network element recommends analysis results 1, 5, and 6 to the NFC.

[0201] As another example, the feedback policy can also be the priority of the analysis results fed back by the NWDAF network element to the NFc. Exemplarily, the NFc can instruct the NWDAF network element to feed back the analysis result with the highest priority through the feedback policy, or instruct the NWDAF network element to feed back the analysis results with the top M priorities. For example, after determining the feedback priority of multiple analysis results, the NWDAF network element can feed back the analysis result with the highest feedback priority to the NFc. For another example, the NWDAF network element determines the priorities of multiple analysis results as 1-5, where the priority levels of the analysis results decrease in sequence from 1-5. When M is 3, the NWDAF network element sends the analysis results of priority 1, the analysis results of priority 2, and the analysis results of priority 3 to the NFc according to the feedback policy.

[0202] S302: The NWDAF network element sends a first response to the NFc. The NFc receives the first response from the NWDAF network element.

[0203] The first response includes at least one analysis result, and the at least one analysis result is determined from multiple analysis results based on the feedback priorities of the multiple analysis results. As an example, the first response includes the first analysis result, and the first analysis result may be the analysis result with the highest feedback priority among the multiple analysis results. As another example, the first response includes at least one analysis result, and the at least one analysis result may be determined from the analysis results with the highest feedback priority after sorting the multiple analysis results from high to low according to feedback priority. Exemplarily, the at least one analysis result may be the analysis result with the highest feedback priority among the multiple analysis results sorted from high to low according to feedback priority.

[0204] Optionally, the first response may also include third indication information, which indicates the reason why the first analysis result does not satisfy the highest-priority constraint among the multiple constraints. Specifically, the reason is that the NWDAF network element did not generate an analysis result that satisfies the highest-priority constraint. Exemplarily, when selecting a first analysis result from multiple analysis results based on the constraints and the priority indication information, the NWDAF network element may also determine whether the multiple analysis results it has generated include an analysis result of greatest interest to the NFC. Exemplarily, when the first analysis result selected by the NWDAF network element does not satisfy the highest-priority constraint, the NWDAF network element may further analyze the reason for not obtaining an analysis result that satisfies the highest-priority constraint and generate a reason for failing to generate the analysis result. For example, the reason for failing to feedback an analysis result that satisfies the highest-priority constraint may be due to environmental issues, high complexity, or other reasons. For another example, the NWDAF network element may also generate a reason for feedback of a first analysis result that satisfies a constraint that is not the highest-priority constraint and feed it back to the NFC along with the first analysis result.

[0205] After receiving the first response, the NFc can use the third indication information to learn why the NWDAF element failed to provide analysis results that satisfied the highest-priority constraint, or why it provided analysis results that satisfied a constraint that was not the highest-priority constraint. This allows the NFc to adjust network policies based on the reasons provided by the NWDAF element, eliminating the need for internal problem analysis and improving the value of NWDAF element recommendations.

[0206] In the above embodiment, the NFc can include priority indication information in the request sent to the NWDAF network element, informing the NWDAF network element of the analysis results it is interested in. In this way, the NWDAF network element can select the highest-priority analysis result from multiple analysis results based on the priority indication information and feed it back to the NFc, thereby selectively providing the most valuable analysis result to the NFc, thereby improving the recommendation value of the NWDAF network element.

[0207] Based on the method provided in the embodiment shown in FIG3 , the present application also provides communication examples, as shown in FIG4 , FIG5 , FIG6 and FIG7 .

[0208] FIG4 shows a flow chart of a communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application. NFc is a PCF network element under an open architecture. As shown in FIG4 , the method includes the following steps:

[0209] S401: The PCF network element sends a network element discovery request to the NRF network element. The NRF network element receives the network element discovery request from the PCF network element. The network element discovery request is used to request the NRF network element to discover an NWDAF network element with recommended capabilities. Exemplarily, the network element discovery request may be Nnrf_NFDiscovery_Request.

[0210] Optionally, the network element discovery request may carry but is not limited to the following parameters: target NF = "NWDAF", recommendation capability, AOI.

[0211] S402: The NRF network element sends a discovery response message to the PCF network element. The PCF network element receives the discovery response message sent by the NRF network element. The discovery response message includes the NWDAF network element with the recommended capability. For example, the discovery response message can be Nnrf_NFDiscovery_Response.

[0212] S403: The PCF network element sends an analytics subscription message to the NWDAF network element. The NWDAF network element receives the analytics subscription message sent by the PCF network element. The analytics subscription message may be Nnwdaf_AnalyticsSubscription_Subscribe. The analytics subscription message may include the first request described in the above embodiment.

[0213] The first request carries an analytics ID, a recommendation flag, and optimization goals. The analytics ID indicates the type of analysis requested by the PCF network element. The recommendation flag requests the NWDAF network element to provide analysis results. The optimization goals indicate that the PCF network element expects the NWDAF network element to provide analysis results based on the optimization goals. The optimization goals can be the network policy in the above embodiment. For example, the optimization goals can be a scenario where the service experience Mos>4.

[0214] Optionally, the first request may also carry some or all of the following parameters:

[0215] 1) Constraints per requested parameter, used to indicate the constraints of the parameter combination.

[0216] The constraint per requested parameter can carry at least one constraint. A parameter is a parameter that can achieve the optimization goal.

[0217] Optionally, when the "constraints per requested" parameter carries multiple constraints, the "constraints per requested" parameter may carry the priorities of the multiple constraints. The priorities of the multiple constraints may be explicitly indicated using an indicator or implicitly expressed based on the order of the constraints. That is, the NFC may carry first indication information in the "constraints per requested" parameter. This first indication information may be a specific identifier or an implicit identifier (the order of the constraints themselves).

[0218] 2) Alternative constraints per requested parameter, used to indicate the candidate constraints for the parameter.

[0219] When the "constraints per requested" parameter contains only one constraint, the "alternative constraints per requested" parameter may contain the priority of at least one candidate constraint. That is, the NFC may provide second indication information in the "alternative constraints per requested" parameter. For example, when the "alternative constraints per requested" parameter contains one candidate constraint, the priority of the candidate constraint provided by the NFC is lower than that of the constraint in the "constraints per requested" parameter.

[0220] 3) QoS parameter preference: used to indicate the priority of the parameter in the constraint condition.

[0221] 4) Feedback indication information, used to instruct the NWDAF network element to feed back analysis results according to the feedback strategy.

[0222] Optionally, the feedback indication information may carry a feedback policy, and the feedback policy may be the number or priority of the analysis results fed back by the NWDAF network element.

[0223] S404: The NWDAF collects data from other AFs and NFs. The process is as follows:

[0224] S404a1: The NWDAF network element sends a collection request to the AF network element. The AF network element receives the collection request from the NWDAF network element. The collection request may be Naf_EventExposure_Subscribe. The Naf_EventExposure_Subscribe carries an event ID, which is used to obtain service experience information.

[0225] S404a2: The AF network element sends a notification message to the NWDAF network element. The NWDAF network element receives the notification message from the AF network element. The notification message may be Naf_EventExposure_Notify, which carries data required by the NWDAF network element.

[0226] S404b1: The NWDAF network element sends a collection request to the NFs network element. The NFs network element receives the collection request from the NWDAF network element. The collection request is the same as the collection request in step S404a1.

[0227] S404b2: The NFs network element sends a notification message to the NWDAF network element. The NWDAF network element receives the notification message from the NFs network element. The notification message may be Naf_EventExposure_Notify, which carries data required by the NWDAF network element.

[0228] S405: The NWDAF network element generates multiple analysis results based on the data.

[0229] S406: The NWDAF network element selects an analysis result corresponding to the optimization target from the multiple analysis results.

[0230] In one possible implementation, when the constraints per requested parameter carried by the first request provides multiple levels of constraints, the NWDAF network element can determine the feedback order of multiple analysis results based on the multiple levels of constraints. Exemplarily, the NWDAF network element determines the analysis results that meet the constraints among the multiple analysis results, and can classify the analysis results that meet the constraints according to the priority of the constraints they meet. The NWDAF network element can use the analysis result with the highest priority among the analysis results that meet the constraints as the analysis result corresponding to the optimization target.

[0231] For example, when there is an analysis result that satisfies the highest-priority constraint among multiple analysis results, the NWDAF network element uses only that analysis result as the analysis result corresponding to the optimization target. For another example, if the NWDAF network element determines that none of the multiple analysis results satisfies the highest-priority constraint, and there are multiple analysis results that satisfy constraints of other priorities, the analysis result that satisfies the highest-priority constraint among the other priorities may be used as the analysis result corresponding to the optimization target.

[0232] In another possible implementation method, when the constraints per requested parameter carried by the first request only provides one constraint, the PCF network element may provide at least one candidate constraint through a separate parameter alternative constraints per requested parameter. There is a priority between at least one candidate constraint, and the priority of at least one candidate constraint is lower than the constraint provided by the constraints per requested parameter. The NWDAF network element first determines whether there is an analysis result that meets the constraint among the multiple analysis results; if so, the analysis result is used as the analysis result of the optimization target. If not, the NWDAF network element may determine the analysis result that meets at least one candidate constraint among the multiple analysis results, and prioritize the analysis result according to the priority of the candidate constraint that the analysis result meets. The NWDAF network element may use the analysis result corresponding to the highest priority among the analysis results that meet the candidate constraint as the analysis result of the optimization target.

[0233] In another possible implementation, the first request may further carry a preference of QoS parameter to provide the NWDAF network element with the parameters preferred by the PCF network element. When the NWDAF network element determines that multiple analysis results do not satisfy the constraint conditions and candidate constraint conditions, the NWDAF network element may use the analysis result of the constraint condition that satisfies the highest priority parameter in the preference of QoS parameter as the analysis result of the optimization target.

[0234] For example, the PCF provides a constraint in the "constraints per requested" parameter: DL GFBR: [100 Mbps, 150 Mbps], DL MPLR: [1%-5%]. The NWDAF analyzes the constraint and obtains the following analysis results: DL GFBR: [100 Mbps, 150 Mbps], DL MPLR: [6%-10%], and DL GFBR: [80 Mbps, 100 Mbps], DL MPLR: [1%-5%]. In this case, the NWDAF finds that its analysis results do not meet all the requirements of the "constraints per requested" parameter. Because the PCF provides the DL GFBR in the "preference of QoS" parameter, the NWDAF returns the analysis results of DL GFBR: [100 Mbps, 150 Mbps], DL MPLR: [6%-10%] to the PCF as the optimization target. For another example, when the PCF network element provides the parameter DL MPLR in the preference of QoS parameter, the NWDAF network element returns the analysis results of DL GFBR: [80Mbps, 100Mbps], DL MPLR: [1%-5%] to the PCF network element.

[0235] In another possible implementation, when the first request carries feedback indication information, the NWDAF network element may determine, from the multiple analysis results, an analysis result corresponding to the optimization target according to the feedback policy in the feedback indication information. For example, the NWDAF network element may use the top N analysis results as the analysis results corresponding to the optimization target, or may use the top M analysis results as the analysis results corresponding to the optimization target, from the multiple analysis results sorted in descending order of feedback priority.

[0236] After obtaining the analysis results of the optimization target, the NWDAF network element may also generate a reason for feeding it back to the PCF network element. For example, if the analysis result of the optimization target determined by the NWDAF network element is not the analysis result corresponding to the highest priority given by the priority indication information provided by the PCF network element, the reason for not being able to provide the analysis result corresponding to the highest priority may be generated.

[0237] S407: The NWDAF network element sends an analysis notification message to the PCF network element. The PCF network element receives the analysis notification message from the NWDAF network element.

[0238] The analysis notification message Nnwdaf_AnalyticsSubscription_Notify includes the analysis results of the optimization target. Optionally, the analysis results can be included in the recommendation QoS parameter combinations or in the newly added parameter alternative recommendation QoS parameter combinations. The analysis results are located in the above parameters, indicating that the NWDAF network element provides alternative QoS parameter combinations that meet some requirements or non-optimal analysis results based on the hierarchical parameter requirements or preference of QoS parameter requirements in constraints per requested parameter or alternative constraints per requested parameter.

[0239] Optionally, the analysis notification message may further include the reason why the NWDAF network element cannot provide the optimal analysis result, or the reason why the current analysis result is provided.

[0240] Based on the content shown in Figure 4, the PCF network element can restrict the NWDAF network element to return analysis results that meet the constraints. Or when multiple analysis results determined by the NWDAF network element cannot all meet the constraints, the NWDAF network element can select the analysis results that meet the constraints of the PCF preference parameters based on the preference of QoS parameter carried in the analysis subscription message sent by the PCF for feedback. This can achieve selective feedback of analysis results, assist the PCF network element in obtaining its most preferred analysis results, and thus improve the recommendation value.

[0241] FIG5 shows a flow chart of a communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application. NFc is an AF network element under an open architecture. As shown in FIG5 , the method includes the following steps:

[0242] S501: The AF network element sends a network element discovery request to the NRF network element. The NRF network element receives the network element discovery request from the AF network element.

[0243] S502: The NRF network element sends a discovery response message to the AF network element. The AF network element receives the discovery response message sent by the NRF network element.

[0244] S503: The AF network element sends an analysis subscription message to the NWDAF network element. The NWDAF network element receives the analysis subscription message sent by the AF network element.

[0245] S504: The NWDAF collects data from other AFs and NFs. The process is as follows:

[0246] S504a1: The NWDAF network element sends a collection request to the AF network element. The AF network element receives the collection request from the NWDAF network element. The collection request may be Naf_EventExposure_Subscribe. The Naf_EventExposure_Subscribe carries an event ID, which is used to obtain service experience information.

[0247] S504a2: The AF network element sends a notification message to the NWDAF network element. The NWDAF network element receives the notification message from the AF network element. The notification message may be Naf_EventExposure_Notify, which carries data required by the NWDAF network element.

[0248] S504b1: The NWDAF network element sends a collection request to the NFs network element. The NFs network element receives the collection request from the NWDAF network element. The collection request is the same as the collection request in step S404a1.

[0249] S504b2: The NFs network element sends a notification message to the NWDAF network element. The NWDAF network element receives the notification message from the NFs network element. The notification message may be Naf_EventExposure_Notify, which carries data required by the NWDAF network element.

[0250] S505: The NWDAF network element generates multiple analysis results based on the data.

[0251] S506: The NWDAF network element selects an analysis result corresponding to the optimization target from the multiple analysis results.

[0252] S507: The NWDAF network element sends an analysis notification message to the AF network element. The AF network element receives the analysis notification message from the NWDAF network element.

[0253] The specific execution process of the above S501-S507 is the same as the process of S401-S407 in Figure 4, and will not be repeated here.

[0254] S508: The AF network element sends the QoS parameters in the analysis result to the PCF network element.

[0255] In one possible implementation, the AF network element may directly send the analysis result to the PCF network element.

[0256] In another possible implementation method, the AF network element can send the analysis result to the PCF network element through the NEF network element. Exemplarily, the AF network element can send the analysis result to the NEF network element by creating an AF session with a specific QoS (Nnef_AFsessionWithQoS_Greate) / Update Request. The Nnef_AFsessionWithQoS_Create service operation allows the AF network element to request the network to provide a specific QoS for the AF session. The Nnef_AFsessionWithQoS_Greate / Update Request carries but is not limited to the following parameters: AF ID, UE address, and recommended QoS parameters. The AF ID is used to indicate the identifier of the AF, the UE address is used to indicate the public IP address or user permanent identifier (SUPI) assigned by the UPF to the UE in the PDU session established between the UE and the AF network element, and the recommended QoS parameter is used to indicate the parameter combination corresponding to the analysis result received from the NWDAF network element.

[0257] After receiving the Nnef_AFsessionWithQoS_Greater / Update Request, the NEF responds with the transaction reference ID. The NEF sends the Nnef_PolicyAuthorization_Greater / Update Request to the PCF. The Nnef_PolicyAuthorization_Greater / Update Request includes the AF ID, UE address, and recommended QoS parameters.

[0258] S509: The PCF network element returns a confirmation response to the AF network element. The AF network element receives the confirmation response from the PCF network element. The confirmation response is used to indicate that the PCF network element has confirmed that it has received the parameter combination corresponding to the analysis result.

[0259] When the parameter combination is sent from the NEF network element to the PCF network element, the PCF network element sends Nnef_PolicyAuthorization_Create / Update Response with a confirmation response to the NEF network element. After receiving the confirmation response, the NEF network element sends Nnef_AFsessionWithQoS_Create / Update Response with a confirmation response to the AF network element.

[0260] Based on the content shown in Figure 5, the AF network element can provide parameters in the analysis subscription request to limit the analysis results fed back by the NWDAF network element. In this way, the NWDAF network element can selectively select the most preferred analysis result for the AF network element from multiple analysis results, thereby improving the recommendation value of the NWDAF network element.

[0261] FIG6 shows a flow chart of a communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application. NFc is a PCF network element under the recommended architecture. As shown in FIG6 , the method includes the following steps:

[0262] S601: The PCF network element sends a network element discovery request to the NRF network element. The NRF network element receives the network element discovery request from the PCF network element.

[0263] S602: The NRF network element sends a discovery response message to the PCF network element. The PCF network element receives the discovery response message sent by the NRF network element.

[0264] Among them, S601-S602 are the same as S401-S402 in Figure 4, and are not repeated here.

[0265] S603: The PCF network element sends a recommendation subscription message to the NWDAF network element. The NWDAF network element receives the recommendation subscription message from the PCF network element. The recommendation subscription message may be Nnwdaf_Recommendations_Subscribe. For example, the parameters carried in the recommendation subscription message are the same as those carried in the analytics subscription message Nnwdaf_AnalyticsSubscription_Subscribe in the embodiment shown in FIG4 , and are not further described here.

[0266] S604: The NWDAF collects data from other AFs and NFs. The process is as follows:

[0267] S604a1: The NWDAF network element sends a collection request to the AF network element. The AF network element receives the collection request from the NWDAF network element. The collection request may be Naf_EventExposure_Subscribe. The Naf_EventExposure_Subscribe carries an event ID, which is used to obtain service experience information.

[0268] S604a2: The AF network element sends a notification message to the NWDAF network element. The NWDAF network element receives the notification message from the AF network element. The notification message may be Naf_EventExposure_Notify, which carries data required by the NWDAF network element.

[0269] S604b1: The NWDAF network element sends a collection request to the NFs network element. The NFs network element receives the collection request from the NWDAF network element. The collection request is the same as the collection request in step S404a1.

[0270] S604b2: The NFs network element sends a notification message to the NWDAF network element. The NWDAF network element receives the notification message from the NFs network element. The notification message may be Naf_EventExposure_Notify, which carries data required by the NWDAF network element.

[0271] S605: The NWDAF network element generates multiple analysis results based on the data.

[0272] S606: The NWDAF network element selects an analysis result corresponding to the optimization target from the multiple analysis results.

[0273] The execution process of the above steps S604-S605 is the same as the execution process of S404-S406 in Figure 4, and will not be repeated here.

[0274] S607: The NWDAF network element sends a recommended subscription notification to the PCF network element. The PCF network element receives the recommended subscription notification from the NWDAF network element.

[0275] The recommendation subscription notification may be Nnwdaf_Recommendations_Notify. The parameters carried in Nnwdaf_Recommendations_Notify are the same as those contained in the analysis notification message Nnwdaf_AnalyticsSubscription_Notify in FIG4 , and are not described in detail here.

[0276] Based on the content shown in Figure 6, in the recommendation architecture, the PCF network element can limit the analysis results fed back by the NWDAF network element. In this way, the NWDAF network element can select the analysis result most preferred by the PCF network element from multiple analysis results and feed it back to the PCF network element, thereby improving the recommendation value of the NWDAF network element.

[0277] FIG7 shows a flow chart of a communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application. NFc is an AF network element under the recommended architecture. As shown in FIG7 , the method includes the following steps:

[0278] S701: The AF network element sends a network element discovery request to the NRF network element. The NRF network element receives the network element discovery request from the AF network element.

[0279] S702: The AF network element sends a discovery response message to the PCF network element. The AF network element receives the discovery response message sent by the NRF network element.

[0280] Among them, S701-S702 are the same as S401-S402 in Figure 4, and are not repeated here.

[0281] S703: The AF network element sends a recommendation subscription message to the NWDAF network element. The NWDAF network element receives the recommendation subscription message from the AF network element. The recommendation subscription message may be Nnwdaf_Recommendations_Subscribe. For example, the parameters carried in the recommendation subscription message are the same as those carried in the analytics subscription message Nnwdaf_AnalyticsSubscription_Subscribe in the embodiment shown in FIG4 , and are not further described here.

[0282] S704: The NWDAF collects data from other AFs and NFs. The process is as follows:

[0283] S704a1: The NWDAF network element sends a collection request to the AF network element. The AF network element receives the collection request from the NWDAF network element. The collection request may be Naf_EventExposure_Subscribe. The Naf_EventExposure_Subscribe carries an event ID, which is used to obtain service experience information.

[0284] S704a2: The AF network element sends a notification message to the NWDAF network element. The NWDAF network element receives the notification message from the AF network element. The notification message may be Naf_EventExposure_Notify, which carries data required by the NWDAF network element.

[0285] S704b1: The NWDAF network element sends a collection request to the NFs network element. The NFs network element receives the collection request from the NWDAF network element. The collection request is the same as the collection request in step S404a1.

[0286] S704b2: The NFs network element sends a notification message to the NWDAF network element. The NWDAF network element receives the notification message from the NFs network element. The notification message may be Naf_EventExposure_Notify, which carries the data required by the NWDAF network element.

[0287] S705: The NWDAF network element generates multiple analysis results based on the data.

[0288] S706: The NWDAF network element selects an analysis result corresponding to the optimization target from the multiple analysis results.

[0289] The execution process of the above steps S704-S706 is the same as the execution process of S404-S406 in Figure 4, and will not be repeated here.

[0290] S707: The NWDAF network element sends a recommended subscription notification to the AF network element. The AF network element receives the recommended subscription notification from the NWDAF network element.

[0291] The recommendation subscription notification may be Nnwdaf_Recommendations_Notify. The parameters carried in Nnwdaf_Recommendations_Notify are the same as those contained in the analysis notification message Nnwdaf_AnalyticsSubscription_Notify in FIG4 , and are not described in detail here.

[0292] S708: The AF network element sends the QoS parameters in the analysis result to the PCF network element.

[0293] S709: The PCF network element returns a confirmation response to the AF network element.

[0294] The execution process of the above steps S707-S708 is the same as the execution process of S507-S508 in Figure 5, and will not be repeated here.

[0295] Based on the content shown in Figure 7, under the recommendation architecture, the AF network element can limit the analysis results fed back by the NWDAF network element. In this way, the NWDAF network element can select the most valuable analysis results from multiple analysis results for the AF network element, thereby improving the recommendation value of the NWDAF network element. In addition, if the NWDAF network element does not feed back the analysis result corresponding to the highest priority indicated by the AF network element to the AF network element, it can feedback the reason to the AF network element, so that the AF network element can adjust the optimization target or network policy based on the reason.

[0296] The above mainly introduces the solution provided by the embodiment of the present application from the perspective of interaction between network elements. It can be understood that the execution order of the various steps in the above method embodiment is only an example, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited to this. In order to implement the above functions, each device may include a hardware structure and / or software module corresponding to the execution of each function. Those skilled in the art should easily realize that, in combination with the units and algorithm steps of each example described in the embodiments disclosed herein, the embodiments of the present application can be implemented in the form of hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is executed in a hardware or computer software driven hardware manner depends on the specific application and implementation constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of this application.

[0297] In the embodiments of the present application, the network element may be divided into functional units according to the above method examples. For example, each functional unit may be divided according to each function, or two or more functions may be integrated into one unit. The above integrated unit may be implemented in the form of hardware or software functional units.

[0298] In the case of adopting an integrated unit, Figure 8 shows a possible exemplary block diagram of the communication device involved in the embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 8, the communication device 800 may include: a sending unit 801, a processing unit 802 and a receiving unit 803. The processing unit 802 is used to control and manage the actions of the communication device 800. The receiving unit 803 is used to support the communication between the communication device 800 and other devices. Optionally, the receiving unit 803 and the sending unit 801 can also be a unit (such as a transceiver unit or a communication unit), which can be used to perform receiving and sending operations. Optionally, the communication device 800 may also include a storage unit 804 for storing program code and / or data of the communication device 800.

[0299] The processing unit 802 may support the communication device 800 in executing the actions of the NFC or NWDAF network element in the above method examples. Alternatively, the processing unit 802 may primarily execute the internal actions of the NFC or NWDAF network element in the method examples. The receiving unit 803 and the sending unit 801 may support communication between the communication device 800 and other devices.

[0300] For example, the communication device 800 may be the NFc in the above embodiments, or may be a component (such as a chip) of the NFc in the above embodiments.

[0301] Processing unit 802 is used to send a first request to the NWDAF network element through the sending unit 801, where the first request includes priority indication information, and the first request is used to request the network data analysis function network element to feedback multiple analysis results of the network policy according to the priority indication information, and the priority indication information is used to indicate the feedback priority of the multiple analysis results of the network policy; processing unit 802 is used to receive a first response from the NWDAF network element through the receiving unit 803, where the first response includes at least one analysis result, and the at least one analysis result is determined among multiple results based on the feedback priority of the multiple analysis results.

[0302] In one possible implementation, the first response includes a first analysis result, which is the analysis result with the highest priority among multiple analysis results of the network policy; or, the first response includes at least one analysis result, which is determined among the analysis results with the highest priority after sorting multiple analysis results from high to low according to feedback priority.

[0303] In one possible embodiment, each analysis result of the multiple analysis results corresponds to a set of values ​​of the parameter combination corresponding to the network policy; the priority indication information includes first indication information, and the first indication information indicates the priority of multiple constraints of the parameter combination corresponding to the network policy; the priority of the multiple constraints is used to determine the first analysis result among the multiple analysis results.

[0304] Optionally, the first indication information may be a specific priority indication identifier, or an implicit identifier of the order of the constraint conditions.

[0305] In a possible implementation, each constraint of the multiple constraints includes a value range of each parameter in the parameter combination.

[0306] In a possible implementation, the priority indication information includes second indication information, where the second indication information is used to indicate the priorities of multiple parameters included in the parameter combination corresponding to the network policy.

[0307] In a possible implementation, the first analysis result is an analysis result that satisfies a constraint condition with a high priority among the multiple constraint conditions.

[0308] In a possible implementation, the first analysis result is an analysis result of a value range of a parameter with the highest priority among multiple parameters that satisfy the parameter combination.

[0309] In a possible implementation, the first response further includes third indication information, where the third indication information is used to indicate the reason why the first analysis result does not satisfy the highest-priority constraint among the multiple constraints.

[0310] In a possible implementation, the first request also includes feedback indication information, the feedback indication information includes a feedback strategy, and the feedback indication information is used to instruct the network data analysis network element to feedback multiple analysis results of the network strategy to the network function service consumption entity according to the feedback strategy.

[0311] In a possible implementation, the feedback strategy may be the number of analysis results fed back by the network data analysis network element to the network function service consumption entity.

[0312] In a possible implementation, the feedback policy may be the priority of the analysis results fed back by the network data analysis network element to the network function service consumption entity.

[0313] In a possible implementation, the network function service consumption entity is a policy control function network element or an application function network element; the first request also includes at least one constraint condition of a parameter combination corresponding to the network policy.

[0314] For another example, the communication device 800 may be the NWDAF network element in each of the foregoing embodiments, or may also be a component (such as a chip) of the NWDAF network element in each of the foregoing embodiments.

[0315] The processing unit 802 is configured to receive, through the receiving unit 803, a first request from the NFC, where the first request includes priority indication information, the first request being used to request the network data analysis function network element to feedback multiple analysis results of the network policy according to the priority indication information, the priority indication information being used to indicate a feedback priority of the multiple analysis results of the network policy;

[0316] The processing unit 802 is configured to send a first response to the NFC through the sending unit 801, where the first response includes at least one analysis result, where the at least one analysis result is determined from the multiple analysis results based on feedback priorities of the multiple analysis results.

[0317] In one possible implementation, the first response includes a first analysis result, which is the analysis result with the highest priority among multiple analysis results of the network policy; or, the first response includes at least one analysis result, which is determined among the analysis results with the highest priority after sorting multiple analysis results from high to low according to feedback priority.

[0318] In one possible embodiment, each analysis result of the multiple analysis results corresponds to a set of values ​​of the parameter combination corresponding to the network policy; the priority indication information includes first indication information, and the first indication information indicates the priority of multiple constraints of the parameter combination corresponding to the network policy; the priority of the multiple constraints is used to determine the first analysis result among the multiple analysis results.

[0319] In a possible implementation, each constraint of the multiple constraints includes a value range of each parameter in the parameter combination.

[0320] In a possible implementation, the priority indication information includes second indication information, where the second indication information is used to indicate the priorities of multiple parameters included in the parameter combination corresponding to the network policy.

[0321] In a possible implementation, the processing unit 802 is further configured to:

[0322] The analysis result with the highest priority among the multiple constraint conditions is used as the first analysis result.

[0323] In a possible implementation, the processing unit 802 is further configured to:

[0324] When it is determined that none of the multiple analysis results satisfy the multiple constraint conditions, the analysis result of the value range of the parameter with the highest priority among the multiple parameters of the parameter combination is used as the first analysis result.

[0325] In a possible implementation, the first response further includes third indication information, where the third indication information is used to indicate the reason why the first analysis result does not satisfy the highest-priority constraint among the multiple constraints.

[0326] In a possible implementation, the first request also includes feedback indication information, the feedback indication information includes a feedback strategy, and the feedback indication information is used to instruct the network data analysis network element to feedback multiple analysis results of the network strategy to the network function service consumption entity according to the feedback strategy.

[0327] In a possible implementation, the feedback strategy may be the number of analysis results fed back by the network data analysis network element to the network function service consumption entity.

[0328] In a possible implementation, the feedback policy may be the priority of the analysis results fed back by the network data analysis network element to the network function service consumption entity.

[0329] In a possible implementation, the network function service consumption entity is a policy control function network element or an application function network element; the first request also includes at least one constraint condition of a parameter combination corresponding to the network policy.

[0330] It should be understood that the division of units in the above device is merely a division of logical functions. In actual implementation, they can be fully or partially integrated into one physical entity, or physically separated. Moreover, the units in the device can all be implemented in the form of software called through processing elements; or all be implemented in the form of hardware; or some units can be implemented in the form of software called through processing elements, and some units can be implemented in the form of hardware. For example, each unit can be a separately established processing element, or it can be integrated into a certain chip of the device. In addition, it can also be stored in the form of a program in a memory, called by a certain processing element of the device and execute the function of the unit. In addition, all or part of these units can be integrated together, or they can be implemented independently. The processing element here can also be a processor, which can be an integrated circuit with signal processing capabilities. In the implementation process, each operation of the above method or each unit above can be implemented by the integrated logic circuit of the hardware in the processor element or by software called through the processing element.

[0331] In one example, the unit in any of the above devices may be one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the above method, such as one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital singnal processors (DSPs), one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or a combination of at least two of these integrated circuit forms. For another example, when the unit in the device can be implemented in the form of a processing element scheduler, the processing element can be a processor, such as a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU), or other processor that can call a program. For another example, these units can be integrated together and implemented in the form of a system-on-a-chip (SOC).

[0332] The above-mentioned receiving unit is an interface circuit of the device, which is used to receive signals from other devices. For example, when the device is implemented as a chip, the receiving unit is the interface circuit of the chip used to receive signals from other chips or devices. The above-mentioned sending unit is an interface circuit of the device, which is used to send signals to other devices. For example, when the device is implemented as a chip, the sending unit is the interface circuit of the chip used to send signals to other chips or devices.

[0333] Figure 9 shows a schematic diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application, which is used to implement the operations of the NFc or NWDAF network element in the above-described embodiments. The communication device 900 includes a processor 910 and an interface 930. Optionally, the communication device 900 also includes a memory 920. The interface 930 is used to communicate with other devices.

[0334] In the above embodiments, the methods performed by the NFc or NWDAF network element can be implemented by the processor 910 invoking a program stored in a memory (which can be the memory 920 within the NFc or NWDAF network element or an external memory). Specifically, the communication device 900 for implementing the functions of the NFc or NWDAF network element can include a processor 910, which invokes the program in the memory to execute the methods performed by the NFc or NWDAF network element in the above method embodiments. The processor here can be an integrated circuit with signal processing capabilities, such as a CPU. Access network equipment can be implemented using one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the above methods. For example, these can be one or more ASICs, one or more microprocessors (DSPs), one or more FPGAs, or a combination of at least two of these integrated circuit forms. Alternatively, a combination of the above implementations can be used.

[0335] When the communication device 900 is used in the above method, the processor 910 is used to implement the functions of the above processing unit 802 , and the interface 930 is used to implement the functions of the above sending unit 801 and the receiving unit 803 .

[0336] In the above embodiments, it can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof. When software is used for implementation, it can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the process or function according to the embodiment of the present application is generated in whole or in part. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from a website, computer, server or data center to another website, computer, server or data center via a wired (e.g., coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) method. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that includes one or more available media integrations. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., a floppy disk, a hard disk, a tape), an optical medium (e.g., a DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., a solid-state drive (SSD)).

[0337] The various illustrative logic units and circuits described in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented or operated by a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor, alternatively, the general-purpose processor can also be any traditional processor, controller, microcontroller or state machine. The processor can also be implemented by a combination of computing devices, such as a digital signal processor and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a digital signal processor core, or any other similar configuration to implement.

[0338] The steps of the methods or algorithms described in the embodiments of the present application can be directly embedded in hardware, software units executed by a processor, or a combination of the two. The software unit can be stored in a random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, register, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM, or other storage media in any form known in the art. Exemplarily, the storage medium can be connected to the processor so that the processor can read information from the storage medium and can write information to the storage medium. Alternatively, the storage medium can also be integrated into the processor. The processor and storage medium can be provided in an ASIC.

[0339] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, so that the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more processes in the flowchart and / or one or more boxes in the block diagram.

[0340] In one or more exemplary implementations, the above functions described in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination of the three. If implemented in software, these functions can be stored on a computer-readable medium, or transmitted in the form of one or more instructions or codes on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media include computer storage media and communication media that facilitate the transfer of computer programs from one place to another. The storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a general or special computer. For example, such computer-readable media can include but is not limited to RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store program codes in the form of instructions or data structures and other forms that can be read by general or special computers, or general or special processors. In addition, any connection can be appropriately defined as a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server or other remote resource via a coaxial cable, fiber optic computer, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) or wirelessly, such as infrared, wireless and microwave, it is also included in the defined computer-readable medium. Disks and discs include compact disks, laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs (DVDs), floppy disks, and Blu-ray discs. Disks typically reproduce data magnetically, while discs typically reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above may also be included in computer-readable media.

[0341] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that in one or more of the above examples, the functions described in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented using hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, these functions can be stored in a computer-readable medium or transmitted as one or more instructions or codes on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media include computer storage media and communication media, wherein communication media include any media that facilitates the transmission of computer programs from one place to another. The storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.

[0342] The specific implementation methods described above further describe the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present application in detail. It should be understood that the above is only the specific implementation method of the embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the embodiments of the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made on the basis of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the embodiments of the present application. The above description of the specification of this application can make any technical field that can utilize or implement the contents of the embodiments of the present application. Any modification based on the disclosed content should be considered obvious in the art. The basic principles described in the embodiments of the present application can be applied to other variations without departing from the inventive essence and scope of the present application. Therefore, the contents disclosed in the embodiments of the present application are not limited to the described embodiments and implementations, but can also be extended to the maximum scope consistent with the principles of the present application and the disclosed new features.

[0343] Although the present application has been described in conjunction with specific features and embodiments thereof, it is obvious that various modifications and combinations may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present application. Accordingly, this specification and the drawings are merely illustrative of the present application as defined by the appended claims, and are deemed to have covered any and all modifications, variations, combinations or equivalents within the scope of the present application. Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to the present application without departing from the scope of the present application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the embodiments of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the embodiments of the present application are also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that, Applied to a network function service consumption entity, the method includes: Sending a first request to a network data analysis function network element, the first request including priority indication information, the first request being used to request the network data analysis function network element to feedback multiple analysis results of a network policy according to the priority indication information, the priority indication information being used to indicate the feedback priority of the multiple analysis results of the network policy; Receiving a first response from the network data analysis function network element, the first response including at least one analysis result, the at least one analysis result being determined from the multiple analysis results according to the feedback priority of the multiple analysis results.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The first response includes a first analysis result, the first analysis result being the analysis result with the highest priority among the multiple analysis results of the network policy; or, The first response includes at least one analysis result, the at least one analysis result being determined from the analysis results ranked higher after sorting the multiple analysis results in descending order of the feedback priority.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein Each analysis result of the multiple analysis results corresponds to a set of values of a parameter combination corresponding to the network policy; the priority indication information includes first indication information, the first indication information indicating the priority of multiple constraint conditions of the parameter combination corresponding to the network policy; the priority of the multiple constraint conditions is used to determine the first analysis result among the multiple analysis results.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Each of the multiple constraint conditions includes a value range of each parameter in the parameter combination.

5. The method according to any one of claims 3-4, characterized in that The priority indication information includes second indication information, the second indication information being used to indicate the priority of multiple parameters included in the parameter combination corresponding to the network policy.

6. The method according to any one of claims 3-5, characterized in that The first analysis result is the analysis result that satisfies the constraint condition with the highest priority among the multiple constraint conditions.

7. The method according to any one of claims 3-5, characterized in that The first analysis result is the analysis result that satisfies the value range of the parameter with the highest priority among the multiple parameters of the parameter combination.

8. The method according to any one of claims 3-7, characterized in that The first response further includes third indication information, the third indication information being used to indicate the reason why the first analysis result does not satisfy the constraint condition with the highest priority among the multiple constraint conditions.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The first request further includes feedback indication information, the feedback indication information including a feedback policy, the feedback indication information being used to indicate that the network data analysis network element feeds back multiple analysis results of a network policy to the network function service consumption entity according to the feedback policy.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The feedback policy is the number of analysis results fed back by the network data analysis network element to the network function service consumption entity.

11. The method according to claim 9, wherein The feedback policy is the priority of the analysis results fed back by the network data analysis network element to the network function service consumption entity.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that The network function service consumption entity is a policy control function network element or an application function network element; The first request further includes at least one constraint condition of the parameter combination corresponding to the network policy.

13. A communication method, characterized in that, Applied to a network data analysis function network element, the method includes: Receive a first request from a network function service consumption entity, where the first request includes priority indication information, and the first request is used to request the network data analysis function network element to feedback multiple analysis results of a network policy according to the priority indication information, and the priority indication information is used to indicate the feedback priority of the multiple analysis results of the network policy; Send a first response to the network function service consumption entity, where the first response includes at least one analysis result, and the at least one analysis result is determined from the multiple analysis results according to the feedback priority of the multiple analysis results.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein The first response includes a first analysis result, and the first analysis result is the analysis result with the highest priority among the multiple analysis results of the network policy; or, The first response includes at least one analysis result, and the at least one analysis result is determined from the analysis results with higher rankings after sorting the multiple analysis results in descending order according to the feedback priority.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that, Each analysis result of the multiple analysis results corresponds to a set of values of a parameter combination corresponding to the network policy; the priority indication information includes first indication information, and the first indication information indicates the priority of multiple constraint conditions of the parameter combination corresponding to the network policy; the priority of the multiple constraint conditions is used to determine the first analysis result among the multiple analysis results.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein Each of the multiple constraint conditions includes a value range of each parameter in the parameter combination.

17. The method according to any one of claims 15 - 16, characterized in that, The priority indication information includes second indication information, and the second indication information is used to indicate the priority of multiple parameters included in the parameter combination corresponding to the network policy.

18. The method according to any one of claims 15 - 17, characterized in that, The method further includes: Use the analysis result with a higher priority among the multiple constraint conditions as the first analysis result.

19. The method according to any one of claims 5-17, characterized in that The method further includes: When it is determined that none of the multiple analysis results satisfy the multiple constraint conditions, use the analysis result of the value range of the parameter with a higher priority among the multiple parameters of the parameter combination as the first analysis result.

20. The method according to any one of claims 15-19, characterized in that, The first response further includes third indication information, and the third indication information is used to indicate the reason why the first analysis result does not satisfy the constraint condition with the highest priority among the multiple constraint conditions.

21. The method according to any one of claims 13-20, characterized in that, The first request further includes feedback indication information, and the feedback indication information includes a feedback policy, and the feedback indication information is used to indicate that the network data analysis network element feeds back multiple analysis results of a network policy to the network function service consumption entity according to the feedback policy.

22. The method according to claim 21, wherein The feedback policy is the number of analysis results fed back by the network data analysis network element to the network function service consumption entity.

23. The method according to claim 21, wherein The feedback policy is the priority of the analysis results fed back by the network data analysis network element to the network function service consumption entity.

24. The method according to any one of claims 13-23, characterized in that, The network function service consumption entity is a policy control function network element or an application function network element; The first request further includes at least one constraint condition of the parameter combination corresponding to the network policy.

25. A communication device, characterized in that, Includes a memory and one or more processors, and the memory is coupled to the one or more processors; The memory is used to store computer programs or instructions, which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the communication device to perform the method according to any one of claims 1-24.

26. A communication device, characterized in that, comprising a transceiver unit and a processing unit; The transceiver unit is used for receiving and sending data; The processing unit is used for executing the method according to any one of claims 1-24 through the transceiver unit.

27. A chip, characterized in that, comprising a processor, the processor being coupled to a memory and used for executing the computer programs or instructions stored in the memory, so that the chip performs the method according to any one of claims 1-24.

28. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, comprising computer program instructions, which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the method according to any one of claims 1-24.

29. A computer program product, characterized in that, The computer program product comprises a computer program, which, when running on a computer, causes the computer to perform the method according to any one of claims 1-24.

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