Method and apparatus for improving coverage of control channel transmission for non-terrestrial network-based communication

Abstract

Proposed is an operating method of a first device (100) in a wireless communication system. The method may comprise the steps of: performing a first monitoring operation on the basis of a first base station-to-device physical control channel resource; performing a second monitoring operation on the basis of a second base station-to-device physical control channel resource; and obtaining base station-to-device control information on the basis of at least one of the first monitoring operation or the second monitoring operation.

Description

Method and device for improving coverage of control channel transmission for non-terrestrial network-based communication

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system.

[0002] 5G NR, the successor to LTE (long-term evolution), is a new clean-slate mobile communications system characterized by high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, from low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0003] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims to achieve (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) low energy consumption for battery-free Internet of Things (IoT) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be divided into four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements as shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 can represent an example of the requirements of a 6G system.

[0004] Peak data rate per device 1 Tbps E2E latency 1 ms Max spectral efficiency 100 bps / Hz Mobility support Up to 1000 km / hr Satellite integration Fully AI Fully Autonomous vehicles Fully XR Fully Haptic communications Fully

[0005] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method that can be performed by a first device may be provided. For example, the method may include: performing a first monitoring operation based on a first base station-to-device physical control channel resource; performing a second monitoring operation based on a second base station-to-device physical control channel resource; and obtaining base station-to-device control information based on at least one of the first monitoring operation or the second monitoring operation.

[0006] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: perform a first monitoring operation based on a first base station-to-device physical control channel resource; perform a second monitoring operation based on a second base station-to-device physical control channel resource; and acquire base station-to-device control information based on at least one of the first monitoring operation or the second monitoring operation.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a first device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: perform a first monitoring operation based on a first base station-to-device physical control channel resource; perform a second monitoring operation based on a second base station-to-device physical control channel resource; and acquire base station-to-device control information based on at least one of the first monitoring operation or the second monitoring operation.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having commands recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the commands, when executed, may cause a first device to: perform a first monitoring operation based on a first base station-to-device physical control channel resource; perform a second monitoring operation based on a second base station-to-device physical control channel resource; and acquire base station-to-device control information based on at least one of the first monitoring operation or the second monitoring operation.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method that can be performed by a second device can be provided. For example, the method includes: transmitting base station-to-device control information to a first device based on a first base station-to-device physical control channel resource; and transmitting the base station-to-device control information to the first device based on a second base station-to-device physical control channel resource, wherein the first base station-to-device physical control channel resource and the second base station-to-device physical control channel resource can be included in different slots within the same search space.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. First, the second device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to: transmit base station-to-device control information to a first device based on a first base station-to-device physical control channel resource; and transmit the base station-to-device control information to the first device based on a second base station-to-device physical control channel resource, wherein the first base station-to-device physical control channel resource and the second base station-to-device physical control channel resource may be included in different slots within the same search space.

[0011] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0012] FIG. 2 illustrates an electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0013] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a typical scenario of an NTN based on a transparent payload, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a typical scenario of an NTN based on a regenerative payload, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 6 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 8 illustrates a procedure for a terminal to perform V2X or SL communication according to a resource allocation mode, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 9 illustrates a transparent payload-based scenario of a non-terrestrial network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 10 illustrates a regenerative payload-based scenario of a non-terrestrial network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 11 illustrates a TA component within a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 12 illustrates components of a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) of transparent payloads according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 13 illustrates an earth-stationary cell or an earth-mobile cell according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 14 shows the difference in characteristics according to a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 15 illustrates a scheduling offset that can be applied in a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 16 illustrates a terminal-specific TA and a common TA according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 17 illustrates an orbital parameter astronomical format according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 18 illustrates an example of cyclic polarization according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 19 illustrates the same base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) repeatedly transmitted through multiple base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) resources according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 20 illustrates the same base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) repeatedly transmitted through multiple base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) resources according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG. 21 illustrates a procedure of a method that can be performed by a first device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] FIG. 22 illustrates a procedure of a method that can be performed by a second device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] Fig. 23 shows a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG. 24 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] FIG. 25 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0036] FIG. 26 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] FIG. 27 illustrates a mobile device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0038] FIG. 28 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0039] As used herein, "A or B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." In other words, as used herein, "A or B" can be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, as used herein, "A, B or C" can mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0040] As used herein, a slash ( / ) or a comma can mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" can mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" can mean "A, B, or C."

[0041] In this specification, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A", "only B" or "both A and B". Additionally, in this specification, the expressions "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted identically to "at least one of A and B".

[0042] Additionally, in this specification, “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and / or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

[0043] Additionally, parentheses used in this specification may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, "control information" in this specification is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (e.g., PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

[0044] In the following explanation, ‘when, if, in case of’ can be replaced with ‘based on’.

[0045] In this specification, the device obtaining information may include the information being (pre-)set to the device, the information being received from another entity to the device, or the device generating the information.

[0046] Technical features individually described in a single drawing in this specification may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0047] In this specification, higher layer parameters may be parameters that are set for the terminal, preset, or predefined. For example, a base station or network may transmit higher layer parameters to the terminal. For example, higher layer parameters may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0048] In this specification, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being configured or preset to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC) from a base station or network. In this specification, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being preset to a device.

[0049] The technology proposed in this specification can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0050] The technology proposed in this specification can be implemented with 6G wireless technology and applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0051] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 1 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0052] New network characteristics in 6G may include:

[0053] - Satellite integrated network

[0054] - Connected Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is revolutionary, upgrading the wireless evolution from "connected objects" to "connected intelligence." AI can be applied at every stage of the communication process (or at every signal processing step, as described below).

[0055] - Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer

[0056] - Ubiquitous super 3D connectivity: Access to networks and core network functions of drones and very low Earth orbit satellites will create super 3D connectivity in 6G ubiquitous.

[0057] Some general requirements for the new network characteristics of 6G, such as the above, may be as follows:

[0058] - small cell networks

[0059] - Ultra-dense heterogeneous network

[0060] - High-capacity backhaul

[0061] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision localization (or location-based services) through communications is a key feature of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0062] - Softwarization and virtualization

[0063] Below, the core implementation technologies of the 6G system are described.

[0064] - Artificial Intelligence: Incorporating AI into communications can streamline and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analytics to determine how complex target tasks should be performed. For example, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays. Time-consuming tasks such as handovers, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a crucial role in machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. AI can also facilitate rapid communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0065] - THz communication (terahertz communication): Data rates can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be achieved by utilizing sub-THz communication with a wide bandwidth and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter waves, typically refer to the frequency range between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz band (Sub-THz band) is considered a major portion of the THz band for cellular communications. Adding the Sub-THz band to the mmWave band will increase the capacity of 6G cellular communications. Among the defined THz bands, 300 GHz to 3 THz lies in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. While part of the optical band, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band lies at the boundary of the optical band, immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz to 3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF. Figure 2 illustrates the electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 2 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Key characteristics of THz communications include (i) widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates, and (ii) high path loss at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are essential). The narrow beamwidth generated by the highly directional antenna reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and base stations operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies to overcome range limitations.

[0066] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0067] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0068] - Optical wireless technology

[0069] - Free-space optical transmission backhaul network (FSO backhaul network)

[0070] - Quantum communication

[0071] - Cell-free communication

[0072] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0073] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0074] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0075] - Big data analysis

[0076] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface

[0077] - metaverse

[0078] - Blockchain

[0079] Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs): UAVs, or drones, will be a key element in 6G wireless communications. In most cases, high-speed data wireless connectivity can be provided using UAV technology. Base stations (BSs) can be installed on UAVs to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs may offer specific capabilities not found in fixed BS infrastructure, such as easy deployment, robust line-of-sight links, and controlled mobility. During emergencies such as natural disasters, deploying terrestrial communications infrastructure is not economically feasible and sometimes cannot provide services in volatile environments. UAVs can easily handle these situations. UAVs will become a new paradigm in wireless communications. This technology facilitates three fundamental requirements for wireless networks: enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs can also support various purposes, such as enhancing network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is recognized as one of the most important technologies for 6G communications.

[0080] - Advanced air mobility (AAM): AAM is a higher concept than urban air mobility (UAM), which is an air transportation method available in urban areas, and can refer to a means of transportation that includes movement between regional hubs as well as within urban areas.

[0081] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a key element in building autonomous driving infrastructure, can be a technology that allows cars to communicate and share with various elements on the road for autonomous driving, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) wireless communication. Fast transmission speeds and low-latency technologies are essential to maximize autonomous driving performance and ensure high safety. Furthermore, in the future, autonomous driving will go beyond simply providing warnings or guidance messages to drivers and may require active intervention in vehicle operation and direct control of the vehicle in dangerous situations. To this end, the amount of information that needs to be transmitted and received may become enormous, so 6G is expected to maximize autonomous driving with faster transmission speeds and lower latency than 5G.

[0082] - Non-terrestrial networks (NTN): NTN may refer to a network or network segment that uses radio frequency (RF) resources mounted on a satellite (or unmanned aerial system (UAS) platform). FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a typical NTN scenario based on a transparent payload according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a typical NTN scenario based on a regenerative payload according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiments of FIG. 3 or FIG. 4 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 3, a satellite (or UAS platform) may create a service link with a UE. The satellite (or UAS platform) may be connected to a gateway via a feeder link. The satellite may be connected to a data network via the gateway. A beam footprint may refer to an area where a signal transmitted by a satellite can be received. Referring to Figure 4, a satellite (or UAS platform) can establish a service link with a UE. A satellite (or UAS platform) connected to a UE can be connected to another satellite (or UAS platform) via an inter-satellite link (ISL). The other satellite (or UAS platform) can be connected to a gateway via a feeder link. Based on the playback payload, a satellite can be connected to a data network through another satellite and the gateway. If an ISL does not exist between a satellite and another satellite, a feeder link between the satellite and the gateway may be required. Figures 3 and 4 are merely examples of NTN scenarios, and NTN can be implemented based on various scenarios.For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) may implement a transparent or regenerative (with onboard processing) payload. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) may generate multiple beams over a designated service area depending on the field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform). For example, the field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform) may vary depending on the onboard antenna diagram and minimum elevation angle. For example, a transparent payload may include radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification. Therefore, the waveform signal repeated by the payload may not be altered. For example, a regenerative payload may include radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation / decoding, switching and / or routing, and coding / modulation. For example, a regenerative payload may be substantially equivalent to equipping the satellite (or UAS platform) with all or part of the base station functionality.

[0083] - Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment. Because radio frequency sensing does not require a device to connect to the object through a network, it can provide a service for object positioning without a device. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from radio frequency signals can enable a wide range of new capabilities, such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, humans, animals, UAVs), and high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. Wireless sensing services can provide information to a variety of industries (e.g., drones, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.), enabling applications such as intruder detection, assisted vehicle steering and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, and health and traffic management. In some cases, wireless sensing can utilize non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of a wireless sensing service, e.g., a sensing operation, may depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing may provide an opportunity to enhance existing communication systems from a communication network to a wireless communication and sensing network. FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 5 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Specifically, FIG. 5 (a) illustrates an example of sensing using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located at the same location (e.g., monostatic sensing), and FIG. 5 (b) illustrates an example of sensing using a separated sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter (e.g., bistatic sensing).

[0084] The layers of the radio interface protocol between the terminal and the network can be divided into L1 (layer 1), L2 (layer 2), and L3 (layer 3) based on the three lower layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) standard model, which is widely known in communication systems. Among these, the physical layer belonging to layer 1 provides an information transfer service using a physical channel, and the RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer located in layer 3 controls radio resources between the terminal and the network. To this end, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the terminal and the base station.

[0085] The physical layer provides information transmission services to higher layers using physical channels. The physical layer is connected to the upper layer, the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, via a transport channel. Data travels between the MAC layer and the physical layer through the transport channel. Transport channels are classified based on how and with what characteristics data is transmitted over the wireless interface.

[0086] Data travels between different physical layers, for example, between the physical layers of a transmitter and a receiver, via a physical channel. This physical channel can be modulated using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and utilizes time and frequency as radio resources.

[0087] The MAC layer provides services to the upper layer, the radio link control (RLC) layer, through logical channels. The MAC layer provides mapping from multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. Furthermore, the MAC layer provides logical channel multiplexing, which maps multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. The MAC sublayer provides data transmission services on logical channels.

[0088] The RLC layer performs the concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC Service Data Units (SDUs). To guarantee the various Quality of Service (QoS) required by radio bearers (RBs), the RLC layer provides three operating modes: Transparent Mode (TM), Unacknowledged Mode (UM), and Acknowledged Mode (AM). AM RLC provides error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ).

[0089] The RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer is defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer is responsible for controlling logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels, related to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of radio bearers. RB refers to a logical path provided by Layer 1 (physical layer or PHY layer) and Layer 2 (MAC layer, RLC layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, and Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer) for data transmission between the terminal and the network.

[0090] The functions of the PDCP layer in the user plane include the transmission of user data, header compression, and ciphering. The functions of the PDCP layer in the control plane include the transmission of control plane data and encryption / integrity protection.

[0091] The Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer is defined only in the user plane. It performs mapping between QoS flows and data radio bearers, marking QoS flow identifiers (IDs) within downlink and uplink packets, and more.

[0092] Establishing a Radio Bearer (RB) refers to the process of defining the characteristics of the radio protocol layer and channel to provide a specific service, and setting specific parameters and operating methods for each. RBs can be further divided into two types: the Signaling Radio Bearer (SRB) and the Data Radio Bearer (DRB). The SRB is used as a channel to transmit RRC messages in the control plane, while the DRB is used as a channel to transmit user data in the user plane.

[0093] When an RRC connection is established between the RRC layer of the terminal and the RRC layer of the base station, the terminal is in the RRC_CONNECTED state. Otherwise, it is in the RRC_IDLE state. For NR, the RRC_INACTIVE state is additionally defined, and a terminal in the RRC_INACTIVE state can maintain a connection with the core network while releasing the connection with the base station.

[0094] Downlink transmission channels that transmit data from the network to the terminal include the Broadcast Channel (BCH), which transmits system information, and the downlink Shared Channel (SCH), which transmits user traffic or control messages. Traffic or control messages for downlink multicast or broadcast services may be transmitted through the downlink SCH or a separate downlink Multicast Channel (MCH). Meanwhile, uplink transmission channels that transmit data from the terminal to the network include the Random Access Channel (RACH), which transmits initial control messages, and the uplink Shared Channel (SCH), which transmits user traffic or control messages.

[0095] Logical channels that are located above the transport channel and are mapped to the transport channel include the Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH), Paging Control Channel (PCCH), Common Control Channel (CCCH), Multicast Control Channel (MCCH), and Multicast Traffic Channel (MTCH).

[0096] Radio frames can be used for uplink and downlink transmission. A radio frame has a length of 10 ms and can be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). A half-frame can contain five 1 ms subframes (SF). A subframe can be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe can be determined by the subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each slot can contain 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols, depending on the cyclic prefix (CP).

[0097] When normal CP is used, each slot can contain 14 symbols. When extended CP is used, each slot can contain 12 symbols. Here, the symbols can include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA (Single Carrier - FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0098] Table 2 below shows the number of symbols per slot (N) depending on the SCS setting (u) when normal CP or extended CP is used. slot symb ), number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot ) is an example.

[0099] CP type SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot Normal CP15kHz (u=0)1410130kHz (u=1)1420260kHz (u=2)14404120kHz (u=3)14808240kHz (u=4)1416016Extended CP60kHz (u=2)12404

[0100] FIG. 6 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0101] Referring to FIG. 6, a slot includes multiple symbols in the time domain.

[0102] A carrier includes multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. An RB (Resource Block) can be defined as multiple (e.g., 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A BWP (Bandwidth Part) can be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((Physical) Resource Blocks) in the frequency domain, and can correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier can include up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication can be performed through activated BWPs. Each element can be referred to as a Resource Element (RE) in the resource grid, and one complex symbol can be mapped to it.

[0103] A Bandwidth Part (BWP) can be a contiguous set of physical resource blocks (PRBs) for a given numerology. A PRB can be selected from a contiguous subset of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.

[0104] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. In the embodiment of FIG. 7, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0105] Referring to Figure 7, a common resource block (CRB) may be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier band to the other. Furthermore, a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. Point A may indicate a common reference point for the resource block grid.

[0106] BWP is point A, offset from point A (N startBWP ) and bandwidth (N size BWP ) can be set by. For example, point A can be an outer reference point of the PRB of a carrier where subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network on that carrier) aligns. For example, the offset can be the PRB spacing between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and point A. For example, the bandwidth can be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

[0107] SLSS (Sidelink Synchronization Signal) is a SL (sidelink) specific sequence and may include PSSS (Primary Sidelink Synchronization Signal) and SSSS (Secondary Sidelink Synchronization Signal). The PSSS may be referred to as S-PSS (Sidelink Primary Synchronization Signal) and the SSSS may be referred to as S-SSS (Sidelink Secondary Synchronization Signal). For example, length-127 M-sequences may be used for S-PSS and length-127 Gold sequences may be used for S-SSS. For example, a terminal may detect an initial signal (signal detection) and obtain synchronization using S-PSS. For example, the terminal can obtain detailed synchronization using S-PSS and S-SSS and detect a synchronization signal ID.

[0108] PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel) may be a (broadcast) channel that transmits basic (system) information that a terminal must know first before transmitting or receiving an SL signal. For example, the basic information may be information related to SLSS, duplex mode (DM), TDD UL / DL (Time Division Duplex Uplink / Downlink) configuration, resource pool-related information, type of application related to SLSS, subframe offset, broadcast information, etc. For example, in order to evaluate PSBCH performance, in NR V2X, the payload size of PSBCH may be 56 bits, including a 24-bit CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check).

[0109] S-PSS, S-SSS, and PSBCH may be included in a block format supporting periodic transmission (e.g., SL SS (Synchronization Signal) / PSBCH block, hereinafter referred to as S-SSB (Sidelink-Synchronization Signal Block)). The S-SSB may have the same numerology (e.g., SCS and CP length) as the PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel) / PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel) in the carrier, and the transmission bandwidth may be within a (pre-)configured SL BWP (Sidelink BWP). For example, the bandwidth of the S-SSB may be 11 RBs (Resource Blocks). For example, the PSBCH may span 11 RBs. And, the frequency location of the S-SSB may be (pre-)configured. Therefore, the terminal does not need to perform hypothesis detection in the frequency to discover the S-SSB in the carrier.

[0110] In this specification, PSCCH may be replaced with a control channel, a physical control channel, a control channel associated with a sidelink, a physical control channel associated with a sidelink, a device-to-device physical control channel, etc. In this specification, PSSCH may be replaced with a shared channel, a physical shared channel, a shared channel associated with a sidelink, a physical shared channel associated with a sidelink, a device-to-device physical shared channel, etc. For example, SL communication may be replaced with device-to-device communication. For example, in terms referring to various channels and / or signals associated with SL communication, the SL part may be replaced with "device-to-device."

[0111] In this specification, PUCCH may be replaced with a control channel, a physical control channel, an uplink-related control channel, an uplink-related physical control channel, a device-to-base station physical control channel, a terminal-to-base station physical control channel, etc. In this specification, PUSCH may be replaced with a shared channel, a physical shared channel, an uplink-related shared channel, an uplink-related physical shared channel, a device-to-base station physical shared channel, a terminal-to-base station physical shared channel, etc. For example, UL communication may be replaced with terminal-to-base station communication or device-to-base station communication. For example, in terms referring to various channels and / or signals associated with UL communication, the UL part may be replaced with "device-to-base station" or "terminal-to-base station."

[0112] In this specification, PDCCH may be replaced with a control channel, a physical control channel, a downlink-related control channel, a downlink-related physical control channel, a base station-to-device physical control channel, a base station-to-terminal physical control channel, etc. In this specification, PDSCH may be replaced with a shared channel, a physical shared channel, a downlink-related shared channel, a downlink-related physical shared channel, a base station-to-device physical shared channel, a base station-to-terminal physical shared channel, etc. For example, DL communication may be replaced with base station-to-device communication or base station-to-terminal communication. For example, in terms referring to various channels and / or signals related to DL communication, the DL part may be replaced with "base station-to-device" or "base station-to-terminal."

[0113] FIG. 8 illustrates a procedure for a terminal to perform V2X or SL communication according to a resource allocation mode, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 8 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0114] Referring to (a) of FIG. 8, in resource allocation mode 1, the base station may schedule SL resources to be used by the terminal for SL transmission. For example, in step S800, the base station may transmit information related to SL resources and / or information related to UL resources to the first terminal. For example, the UL resources may include PUCCH resources and / or PUSCH resources. For example, the UL resources may be resources for reporting SL HARQ feedback to the base station.

[0115] For example, a first terminal may receive information related to a dynamic grant (DG) resource and / or information related to a configured grant (CG) resource from a base station. For example, a CG resource may include a CG type 1 resource or a CG type 2 resource. In this specification, a DG resource may be a resource that a base station configures / allocates to the first terminal via downlink control information (DCI). In this specification, a CG resource may be a (periodic) resource that a base station configures / allocates to the first terminal via DCI and / or an RRC message. For example, in the case of a CG type 1 resource, the base station may transmit an RRC message including information related to the CG resource to the first terminal. For example, in the case of a CG type 2 resource, the base station may transmit an RRC message including information related to the CG resource to the first terminal, and the base station may transmit a DCI related to activation or release of the CG resource to the first terminal.

[0116] In step S810, the first terminal may transmit a PSCCH (e.g., Sidelink Control Information (SCI) or 1st-stage SCI) to the second terminal based on the resource scheduling. In step S820, the first terminal may transmit a PSSCH (e.g., 2nd-stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) related to the PSCCH to the second terminal. In step S830, the first terminal may receive a PSFCH related to the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second terminal. For example, HARQ feedback information (e.g., NACK information or ACK information) may be received from the second terminal via the PSFCH. In step S840, the first terminal may transmit / report HARQ feedback information to the base station via a PUCCH or a PUSCH. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first terminal based on the HARQ feedback information received from the second terminal. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first terminal based on a rule set in advance. For example, the DCI may be DCI for scheduling SL.

[0117] Referring to (b) of FIG. 8, in resource allocation mode 2, the terminal can determine SL transmission resources within SL resources set by the base station / network or preset SL resources. For example, the set SL resources or preset SL resources may be a resource pool. For example, the terminal can autonomously select or schedule resources for SL transmission. For example, the terminal can perform SL communication by selecting resources by itself within the set resource pool. For example, the terminal can select resources by itself within a selection window by performing sensing and resource (re)selection procedures. For example, the sensing can be performed on a subchannel basis. For example, in step S810, the first terminal that has selected resources by itself within the resource pool transmits PSCCH (e.g., SCI (Sidelink Control Information) or 1) using the resources. st -stage SCI) can be transmitted to the second terminal. In step S820, the first terminal transmits the PSSCH (e.g., 2) related to the PSCCH. nd -stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) can be transmitted to the second terminal. In step S830, the first terminal can receive a PSFCH related to the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second terminal.

[0118] Referring to (a) or (b) of FIG. 8, for example, a first terminal may transmit an SCI to a second terminal on a PSCCH. Or, for example, the first terminal may transmit two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-stage SCIs) to the second terminal on the PSCCH and / or the PSSCH. In this case, the second terminal may decode the two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-stage SCIs) to receive the PSSCH from the first terminal. In the present specification, an SCI transmitted on a PSCCH is 1 st SCI, 1st SCI, 1st -stage SCI or 1 st -stage SCI format, and the SCI transmitted on the PSSCH is 2 nd SCI, 2nd SCI, 2 nd -stage SCI or 2 nd -It can be called a stage SCI format.

[0119] Referring to (a) or (b) of FIG. 8, in step S830, the first terminal may receive a PSFCH. For example, the first terminal and the second terminal may determine PSFCH resources, and the second terminal may use the PSFCH resources to transmit HARQ feedback to the first terminal.

[0120] Referring to (a) of FIG. 8, in step S840, the first terminal may transmit SL HARQ feedback to the base station via PUCCH and / or PUSCH.

[0121] Below, non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN; non-terrestrial network) communication is described.

[0122] A non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) may refer to a network or portion of a network that uses radio frequency resources mounted on a satellite (or, e.g., UAS; unmanned aerial system) platform).

[0123] FIG. 9 illustrates a transparent payload-based scenario of a non-terrestrial network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0124] FIG. 10 illustrates a regenerative payload-based scenario for a non-terrestrial network, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0125] Referring to FIGS. 9 and 10 , a satellite (or unmanned aerial system (e.g., UAS) platform, a terminal within the line of sight of the satellite (or unmanned aerial system (e.g., UAS) platform), a beam footprint within the line of sight of the satellite (or unmanned aerial system (e.g., UAS) platform), a feeder link between the satellite (or unmanned aerial system (e.g., UAS) platform) and a gateway, and a data network are illustrated. A scenario in which a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) provides access to the terminal in relation to these elements is described below.

[0126] For example, a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) may include the following features:

[0127] 1. One or more satellite gateways connecting non-terrestrial networks (e.g., NTN) and public data networks.

[0128] For example, a GEO satellite may be served by one or more satellite gateways deployed within the satellite's target coverage area (e.g., regional or continental coverage). For example, it may be assumed that a terminal within a cell is served by only one satellite gateway.

[0129] For example, a non-GEO satellite that continuously provides services to one or more satellite gateways at a time. For example, the system can ensure continuous service and feeder link continuity between the serving satellite and gateway for a sufficient period of time to perform mobility anchoring and handover.

[0130] 2. Feeder link or wireless link between satellite-gateway and satellite (or unmanned aerial system (e.g., UAS) platform).

[0131] 3. Feeder link or wireless link between terminal and satellite (or unmanned aerial system (e.g., UAS) platform)

[0132] 4. A satellite (or unmanned aerial system (e.g., UAS) platform capable of implementing transparent or regenerative (including onboard processing) payloads. For example, the beam generated by the satellite (or unmanned aerial system (e.g., UAS) platform) may generate multiple beams over a service area typically bounded by a field of view. For example, the beam footprint may typically be elliptical. For example, the field of view of the satellite (or unmanned aerial system (e.g., UAS) platform) may vary depending on the onboard antenna diagram and minimum elevation angle.

[0133] For example, in a transparent payload, radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification can be performed, so that the waveform signal repeated by the payload may remain unchanged.

[0134] For example, in a regenerative payload, radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification, as well as demodulation / decoding, switching and / or routing, and coding / modulation, may be performed. This may effectively be equivalent to embedding all or part of the base station functions (e.g., gNB) onto a satellite (or unmanned aerial system (e.g., UAS) platform).

[0135] 5. When multiple satellites are constellated, inter-satellite links (e.g., ISL) are optional. This may require onboard regenerative payloads. For example, inter-satellite links (e.g., ISL) can operate in radio frequency (e.g., RF) or wideband.

[0136] 6. Within the target service area, the terminal may be served by a satellite (or an unmanned aerial system (e.g., UAS) platform).

[0137] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, various satellites (or unmanned aerial system (e.g., UAS) platforms) may be provided, as follows.

[0138] PlatformAltitude RangeOrbitTypical Beam Footprint SizeLow-Earth Orbit (LEO) Satellite300 - 1500 kmCircular orbit around the Earth100 - 1000 kmMedium Earth Orbit (MEO) Satellite7000 - 25000 km100 - 1000 kmGeostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) Satellite35 786 kmNotional station that maintains a fixed position in altitude / azimuth relative to a given point on Earth200 - 3500 kmUnmanned Aerial System (e.g., UAS) Platforms (including HAPS)8 - 50 km (20 km for HAPS)5 - 200 kmHigh Elliptical Orbit (HEO) Satellite400 - 50000 kmElliptical orbit around the Earth200 - 3500 km

[0139] For example, geostationary (e.g., GEO) satellites and unmanned aerial systems (e.g., UAS) could be used to provide continental, regional, or local services.

[0140] For example, a constellation composed of low-Earth orbit (e.g., LEO) and medium-Earth orbit (e.g., MEO) satellites could be used to provide services to both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. In some cases, this constellation could even cover the entire globe, including the polar regions. The latter would require appropriate orbital inclination, sufficient beam generation, and inter-satellite links.

[0141] For example, in the scenario below, a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) providing connectivity to terminals may be considered.

[0142] 1. Circular orbit and conceptual station maintenance platform.

[0143] 2. Maximum RTD constraints

[0144] 3. Highest Doppler constraint

[0145] 4. Transparent and regenerative payloads

[0146] 5. With and without inter-satellite links (e.g., ISL). Regeneration payloads may be necessary in the case of inter-satellite links (e.g., ISL).

[0147] 6. When a fixed or steerable beam causes a moving or fixed beam footprint on the ground, respectively.

[0148] Transparent Satellite Regeneration Satellite GEO-based Non-terrestrial Access Network Scenario A Scenario BLEO-based Non-terrestrial Access Network: Steerable Beam Scenario C1 Scenario D1 LEO-based Non-terrestrial Access Network: Beam Moving with Satellite Scenario C2 Scenario D2

[0149] Scenarios GEO-based non-terrestrial access network (Scenarios A and B) LEO-based non-terrestrial access network (Scenarios C and D) Orbit type Conceptual station maintaining a fixed position in terms of elevation / azimuth relative to a given Earth point Circular orbit around the Earth Altitude 35,786 km 600 km 1,200 km Spectrum (service link) <6 GHz (e.g. 2 GHz) >6 GHz (e.g. DL 20 GHz, UL 30 GHz) Maximum channel bandwidth capability (service link) 30 MHz for bands <6 GHz 1 GHz for bands >6 GHz Payloads Scenario A: Transparent payload (includes only radio frequency functions) Scenario B: Regenerative payload (includes all or part of RAN functions) Scenario C: Transparent payload (includes only radio frequency functions) Scenario D: Regenerative payload (includes all or part of RAN functions) Inter-satellite link (e.g., ISL) None Scenario C: None Scenario D: None / Yes (both possible) Earth-fixed beamYes Scenario C1: Yes (steerable beam), see Note 1 Scenario C2: None (beam moves with satellite) Scenario D 1: Yes (steerable beam), see Note 1 Scenario D 2: None (beam moves with satellite) Maximum beam footprint size (edge ​​to edge) independent of elevation angle 3500 km (Note 5) 1000 km Minimum elevation angle for both satellite-gateway and terminal 10° for service link and 10° for feeder link 10° for service link and 10° for feeder link Maximum distance between satellite and terminal at minimum elevation angle 40,581 km 1,932 km (600 km elevation) 3,131 km (1,200 km elevation) Maximum round trip delay (propagation delay only) Scenario A: 541.46 ms (service and feeder links)Scenario B: 270.73 ms (service link only)Scenario C: (Transparent payload: service and feeder links)- 25.77 ms (600 km)- 41.77 ms (1200 km) Scenario D: (Regeneration Payload: Service Link Only) - 12.89 ms (600 km) - 20.89 ms (1200 km) Maximum Intra-Cell Differential Delay (Note 6) 10.3 ms 3.12 ms and 3.18 ms for 600 km and 1200 km respectively Maximum Doppler Shift (Earth-Fixed Terminal) 0.93 ppm 24 ppm (600 km) 21 ppm (1200 km) Maximum Doppler Shift Variation (Earth-Fixed Terminal) 0.000 045 ppm / s 0.27 ppm / s (600 km) 0.13 ppm / s (1200 km) Motion of Terminals on Earth 1200 km / h (e.g. airplane) 500 km / h (e.g. high-speed train) Up to 1200 km / h (e.g. Terminal Antenna Type Omnidirectional antenna (linear polarization), 0 dBi assumed Directional antenna (up to 60 cm equivalent aperture diameter in circular polarization) Terminal Transmit Power Omnidirectional antenna: up to 200 mW terminal power class 3 Directional antenna: up to 20 W Terminal Noise Figure Omnidirectional antenna: 7 dB Directional antenna: 1.2 dB Service Link 3GPP defined New Radio Feeder Link Radio interface defined in 3GPP or non-3GPP Radio interface defined in 3GPP or non-3GPP.

[0150] Note 1: Each satellite may have the ability to steer its beam toward a fixed point on Earth using beamforming technology. This can be applied for a period corresponding to the satellite's visibility time.

[0151] Note 2: The maximum delay variation within a beam (earth-fixed terminal) can be calculated based on the minimum elevation angles of both the gateway and the terminal.

[0152] Note 3: The maximum differential delay within the beam can be calculated based on the maximum beam footprint diameter at the apex.

[0153] Note 4: The speed of light for delay calculations can be 299792458 m / s.

[0154] Note 5: The maximum beam footprint size for GEO may be based on current state-of-the-art GEO high-throughput systems assuming spot beams at the edge of coverage (low altitude).

[0155] Note 6: The maximum differential delay at the cell level may be calculated by considering the delay at the beam level when the beam size is the largest. For small to medium beam sizes, it may not be ruled out that a cell may contain more than one beam. However, the accumulated differential delay of all beams within a cell may not exceed the maximum differential delay at the cell level in the table above.

[0156] For example, the results of studies on non-terrestrial networks (e.g., NTN) can be applied to all NGSO scenarios with circular orbits above 600 km in altitude, as well as to GEO scenarios.

[0157] For example, improvements could be considered to ensure timing and frequency synchronization performance for terminal-to-base station transmissions (e.g., UL transmissions) considering wider cell coverage, long round trip time (RTT), and high Doppler.

[0158] FIG. 11 illustrates a TA component within a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0159] Referring to Figure 11, applicable TAs may be shown for regenerative payloads and transparent payloads. For example, in Figure 11, the TA offset N_(TAoffset) is not shown for simplicity of presentation, but this may not be intentionally excluded.

[0160] For example, the following solutions for timing advance (TA) of initial access and subsequent TA maintenance can be identified with the term definition diagram of FIG. 11.

[0161] Option 1: Autonomous TA acquisition at the terminal using known position and satellite orbit.

[0162] For example, in this case, the TA value required for a terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) including a physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH) can be calculated by the terminal. This adjustment can be performed using a terminal-specific differential TA or a full TA (e.g., consisting of a terminal-specific differential TA and a common TA).

[0163] With respect to full TA compensation on the terminal side, both terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) timing and network-side base station-to-terminal (e.g., DL) and terminal-to-base station (e.g., UL) frame timing can be aligned. However, for satellites with transparent payloads, further discussion on how to handle the impact of feeder links may be planned for standardization efforts. For example, if the impact caused by feeder links is not compensated for by the terminals through corresponding compensation, the network may need to additionally manage the timing offset between base station-to-terminal (e.g., DL) and terminal-to-base station (e.g., UL) frame timing.

[0164] For terminal-specific differential TAs only, additional indications regarding a single reference point may need to be signaled to terminals on a beam / cell-by-beam basis to achieve UL timing alignment between terminals within the same beam / cell coverage. Timing offsets between DL and UL frame timings on the network side may also need to be managed by the network, regardless of satellite payload type.

[0165] Due to concerns about the accuracy of the TA values ​​calculated by the terminal itself, it may be decided in the standardization work to send additional TA signaling from the network to the terminal to improve TA, for example, during initial connection and / or TA maintenance.

[0166] Option 2: Network-directed timing advance adjustment

[0167] In this way, a common TA representing the common component of propagation delay shared by all UEs within the same satellite beam / cell coverage can be broadcast by the network per satellite beam / cell. The computation of this common TA can be performed by the network assuming at least one reference point per satellite beam / cell.

[0168] Similar to prior art TA mechanisms, a network may also require indications for terminal-specific differential TA. For example, to accommodate the broader coverage of NTNs, an explicit or implicit extension of the TA indication value range in RAR may be identified. Whether negative TA values ​​are supported in such indications can be determined during the standardization phase.

[0169] Additionally, display of the timing drift rate from the network to the terminal may be supported, allowing TA to be adjusted on the terminal side.

[0170] When calculating the common TA for the two options above, a single reference point per beam can be considered the baseline. Whether and how to support multiple reference points will be further discussed in the standardization effort.

[0171] For example, for frequency compensation of terminal-to-base station communications (e.g., UL communications), the following solutions can be identified, at least for LEO systems, considering per-beam post-compensation of common frequency offsets on the network side:

[0172] 1. Estimation and pre-compensation of frequency offsets per terminal can all be performed on the terminal side. This value can be obtained using base station-to-terminal (e.g., DL) reference signals, terminal positions, and satellite orbits.

[0173] 2. At least in LEO systems, the frequency offset required for UL frequency correction can be indicated to the terminal from the network. This value can be obtained by detecting the terminal-to-base station (e.g., UL) signal (e.g., preamble) on the network side.

[0174] If frequency offset compensation is performed by the network in the uplink and / or downlink, indication of the compensated frequency offset value by the network may also be supported. However, indication of the Doppler drift rate may not be required.

[0175] Detailed signal design for the above improvements may be determined in the standardization effort.

[0176] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, there may be a delay-tolerant retransmission mechanism to disallow feedback (e.g., HARQ feedback) within an NR non-terrestrial network, or to optimize feedback (e.g., HARQ feedback) within an NR non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN).

[0177] The round-trip time (RTT) of feedback (e.g., HARQ feedback) in NR can be on the order of a few milliseconds. Propagation delays within non-terrestrial networks (e.g., NTN) can be much longer, from a few milliseconds to hundreds of milliseconds, depending on the satellite orbit. The round-trip time (RTT) of feedback (e.g., HARQ feedback) can be significantly longer in non-terrestrial networks (e.g., NTN).

[0178] If terminal-to-base station feedback (e.g., UL HARQ feedback) is disabled, problems may occur if (i) the terminal does not receive MAC CE and RRC signals or (ii) the base station (e.g., gNB) does not correctly receive base station-to-terminal packets (e.g., DL packets) for a long period of time without the base station's knowledge.

[0179] For example, if feedback (e.g., HARQ feedback) is disabled, the following may need to be discussed:

[0180] 1. Instructing the deactivation of feedback (e.g., HARQ feedback) via base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) in the new / reinterpreted field.

[0181] 2. Feedback of new terminal-to-base station control information (e.g., UCI) for reporting base station-to-terminal transmission (e.g., DL transmission) or requesting a change in base station-to-terminal (e.g., DL) scheduling.

[0182] The following improvements to slot aggregation or blind repetition may be considered:

[0183] 1. Slot aggregation of 8 or more slots

[0184] 2. Time-interleaved slot aggregation

[0185] 3. New modulation coding scheme (e.g., MCS) table

[0186] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a solution may be provided to avoid a reduction in peak data rates in a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN). For example, the solution may increase the number of feedback processes (e.g., HARQ processes) in response to increasing satellite round-trip delay to avoid stalls in the feedback (e.g., HARQ feedback) procedure. For example, the solution may disable terminal-to-base station feedback (e.g., UL HARQ feedback) and rely on RLC ARQ for stability to avoid stalls in the feedback (e.g., HARQ feedback) procedure.

[0187] For example, the following two options may be considered:

[0188] Option 1: Maintain 16 feedback process (e.g., HARQ process) IDs and rely on RLC ARQ for feedback processes (e.g., HARQ processes) that do not allow UE-to-base station feedback (e.g., HARQ feedback) via RRC.

[0189] Option 2: Allowing UE-to-base station feedback (e.g., HARQ feedback) via RRC, taking into account maintaining 16 or more feedback process (e.g., HARQ process) IDs and a 4-bit feedback process (e.g., HARQ process) ID field in the base station-to-base station control information (e.g., DCI).

[0190] For example, the following solutions may be considered for 16 or more feedback process (e.g., HARQ process) IDs when a 4-bit feedback process (e.g., HARQ process) ID field is maintained in the base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI).

[0191] 1. Slot number-based solution

[0192] 2. Virtual process ID based on feedback (e.g., HARQ feedback)-based retransmission timing constraints

[0193] 3. A solution that reuses feedback process (e.g., HARQ process) IDs within RTD (time window).

[0194] 4. A solution that reinterprets the existing base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) field using assistance information from the upper layer.

[0195] 5. Solution to increase the feedback process (e.g., HARQ) process ID field to 4 bits or more.

[0196] The following options may be considered with regard to improving soft buffer management and feedback (e.g., HARQ feedback) to reduce pause and wait times:

[0197] Option 1: Reduce stall time with pre-activation / pre-proactive feedback (e.g., HARQ feedback)

[0198] Option 2: Enable / disable the use of configurable feedback buffers (e.g., HARQ buffers) per terminal and per feedback process (e.g., HARQ process).

[0199] Option 3: Reporting the status of feedback buffers (e.g., HARQ buffers) from the terminal.

[0200] For example, additional considerations regarding the number of feedback processes (e.g., HARQ processes) with additional considerations for feedback (e.g., HARQ feedback), feedback buffer (e.g., HARQ buffer) size, RLC feedback and RLC ARQ buffer size can be discussed.

[0201] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, in order to secure wider coverage or to provide wireless communication services in places where it is not easy to install wireless communication base stations, the use of NR non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) or LTE non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) services may be considered.

[0202] For example, while existing terrestrial network (e.g., TN; terrestrial network) services such as NR and LTE installed base stations on the ground to provide wireless communication services to terminals, non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) services may mean providing wireless communication services to terminals by installing base stations in non-ground locations, including satellites (e.g., geostationary orbit satellites, low-orbit satellites, medium-orbit satellites, etc.), airplanes, unmanned aerial vehicles, drones, etc., instead of installing base stations on the ground. For example, the non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) may also include scenarios such as HAPS (high altitude platform station) and ATG (air to ground).

[0203] For example, in non-terrestrial networks (e.g., NTN), frequency division multiplexing (FDM) technology may be primarily considered. This may not completely exclude time division multiplexing (TDM). For example, in non-terrestrial networks (e.g., NTN), terminals may be assumed to have GNSS capabilities.

[0204] FIG. 12 illustrates components of a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) of a transparent payload according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0205] Non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) platforms (especially satellites) can be broadly divided into two types: transparent payloads (Fig. 12) and regenerative payloads, depending on the characteristics of the payload.

[0206] For example, in a transparent payload, roles such as radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion and amplification are performed, so that the waveform signal of the transmission payload may not be changed.

[0207] Conversely, for example, in the case of regenerative payloads, the functions of frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification may also be performed, in addition to demodulation / decoding, switching and / or routing, and coding / modulation. Therefore, all or part of the base station functions may be considered to be onboard the satellite.

[0208] FIG. 13 illustrates a geostationary cell or a geomobile cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 13 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0209] Referring to Figure 13, depending on the type of cell supported by the satellite, it can be divided into an Earth-fixed cell (or beam) and a mobile cell (or beam).

[0210] For example, for an Earth-fixed cell, this could mean that the cell remains permanently or for a specific service period within a specific location on the Earth's surface, based on the satellite's beam steering capabilities.

[0211] For example, in the case of a mobile cell, this could mean that the cell within the surface of the Earth is constantly moving, as serving is performed with a fixed beam without utilizing the beam steering function of the satellite.

[0212] Frequency bands considered for NR non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) services include the 2 GHz band (L-band: 1-2 GHz, S-band: 2-4 GHz) below 6 GHz, the 20 GHz band for base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) above 6 GHz, and the 30 GHz band (Ka-band: 26.5-40 GHz) for terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) above 6 GHz. For example, the following bands can be used as bands for non-terrestrial networks (e.g., NTN).

[0213] 1. S-band (n256)

[0214] Terminal-to-base station communications (e.g., UL communications): 1980-2010MHz

[0215] Base station-to-terminal communications (e.g., DL communications): 2170-2200 MHz

[0216] 2. L-band (n255)

[0217] Terminal-to-base station communications (e.g., UL communications): 1626.5-1660.5MHz

[0218] Base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication): 1525-1559MHz

[0219] FIG. 14 illustrates characteristic differences according to a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0220] Referring to FIG. 14, the altitude of the high altitude platform station (HAPS) can be 20 km, and the beam footprint size can be 5-200 km.

[0221] For example, the altitude of a low earth orbit (LEO) satellite can be 300-1500 km, the beam footprint size can be 100-1000 km, the satellite velocity can be 7.56 km / sec (for LEO-600), and the maximum propagation delay can be 25.77 msec (for LEO-600).

[0222] For example, the altitude of a medium earth orbit (MEO) satellite can be 7000-25000 km, the beam footprint size can be 100-1500 km, and the maximum propagation delay can be 95.19 msec (for MEO-10000).

[0223] For example, a geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellite may have an altitude of 35786 km, a beam footprint size of 200-3500 km, a satellite velocity of 3.1 km / sec (negligible), and a maximum propagation delay of 541.46 msec.

[0224] The maximum round trip delay for each scenario of a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) can be as shown in the table below.

[0225] Scenarios GEO-based non-terrestrial access network (Scenarios A and B) LEO-based non-terrestrial access network (Scenarios C and D) Orbit type Conceptual station maintaining a fixed position in terms of elevation / azimuth relative to a given Earth point Circular orbit around the Earth Altitude 35,786 km 600 km 1,200 km Maximum beam footprint size (edge ​​to edge) independent of elevation angle 3500 km (Note 5) 1000 km Minimum elevation angle for both satellite-gateway and terminal 10° for service link and 10° for feeder link 10° for service link and 10° for feeder link Maximum distance between satellite and terminal at minimum elevation angle 40,581 km 1,932 km (600 km elevation) 3,131 km (1,200 km elevation) Maximum round-trip delay (propagation delay only) Scenario A: 541.46 ms (service and Scenario B: 270.73 ms (service link only) Scenario C: (Transparent payload: service and feeder link) - 25.77 ms (600 km) - 41.77 ms (1200 km) Scenario D: (Regenerative payload: service link only) - 12.89 ms (600 km) - 20.89 ms (1200 km)

[0226] As described above, in a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) environment with a very long round trip time (RTT), scheduling offsets K_offset and K_mac can be introduced to ensure efficient communication.

[0227] FIG. 15 illustrates a scheduling offset applicable in a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 15 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0228] Referring to Figure 15, scheduling offsets K_offset and K_mac that can be applied in a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) are shown. Here, K_offset may be an offset value indicating the round-trip time (RTT) of a terminal-to-base station time synchronization reference point (RP). For example, this may mean the sum of the service link RTT and the common TA (if indicated). K_mac may be an offset value indicating the round-trip time (RTT) between the RP and the gNB.

[0229] FIG. 16 illustrates a terminal-specific TA and a common TA according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 16 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0230] Referring to Figure 16, a gNB, a satellite, a first terminal, and a second terminal are shown. In a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN), a terminal can calculate its own timing advance (TA) based on its GNSS capabilities and base station indication information (e.g., ephemeris information), which can be referred to as a terminal-specific TA.

[0231] Additionally, a TA calculated based on the common TA parameters indicated by the base station can be named a common TA, and the final TA derived based on this can be as follows.

[0232] The terminal-to-base station frame number i for transmission from the terminal can start as far in advance as T_TA = (N_TA + N_TA,offset + N^COMMON_TA,adj + N^UE_TA,adj) from the start of the corresponding base station-to-terminal frame.

[0233] At this time, N_TA = 0 may be used for terminal-to-base station physical shared channel (e.g., PUSCH) transmission.

[0234] At this time, N^COMMON_TA,adj can be derived by the upper layer parameters TACommon, TACommonDrift, and TACommonDriftVariation, or can be 0.

[0235] At this time, N^UE_TA,adj can be calculated by the terminal based on the terminal's position and the astronomical upper layer parameters of the serving satellite, or it can be 0.

[0236] Non-terrestrial networks (e.g., NTN) may support two astronomical formats. For example, the content may be as follows:

[0237] 1. Position and velocity state vector astronomical format: 132 bits (<17 bytes)

[0238] Here, the size of the field for position (x, y, z)(m) can be 78 bits. The size of the field for velocity (vx, vy, vz)(m / s) can be 54 bits.

[0239] 2. Orbital parameter astronomical format: 164 bits (<21 bytes) (see Figure 17)

[0240] Here, the semi-major axis "α" (m) can be 33 bits. The eccentricity "e" can be 20 bits. The argument of the periapsis "ω" (rad) can be 28 bits. The longitude "Ω" (rad) of the ascending node can be 28 bits. The inclination "i" (rad) can be 27 bits. The average anomaly "M" (rad) at each epoch time can be 28 bits.

[0241] FIG. 17 illustrates an orbital parameter astronomical format according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 17 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0242] Referring to Figure 17, each element of the orbital parameter astronomical format illustrated above is shown.

[0243] In satellite-based communications, circular polarization is mainly used to increase the straightness of radio waves, and the polarization information used by the satellite can be transmitted to the terminal through system information block (SIB) signaling.

[0244] For example, the polarization type of the system information block (SIB) signaling that transmits to the terminal what polarization information the satellite uses may include linear, right-hand circular polarization (RHCP), and left-hand circular polarization (LHCP).

[0245] FIG. 18 illustrates an example of cyclic polarization according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 18 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0246] Referring to Figure 18, the difference between linear polarization and cyclic polarization is shown.

[0247] For example, below, the statement that a communication channel is transmitted through a candidate may mean that transmission of that communication channel is performed through the candidate resource.

[0248] Meanwhile, in the next-generation non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) system, the effective isotropically radiated power (e.g., EIRP) and / or bandwidth (e.g., BW) for base station-to-terminal transmission (e.g., DL transmission) may be limited, and in the above situation, coverage enhancement for base station-to-terminal channel transmission (e.g., DL channel transmission) may be required.

[0249] Meanwhile, within a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) footprint, cell, or beam, terminals that support base station-to-terminal communication coverage (e.g., DL coverage) enhancement operations and terminals that do not support base station-to-terminal communication coverage (e.g., DL coverage) enhancement operations may coexist, and therefore, base station-to-terminal communication coverage (e.g., DL coverage) enhancement operations may need to minimize the impact on existing legacy terminals.

[0250] In particular, for example, when the base station-to-terminal physical control channel transmission (e.g., PDCCH transmission) corresponds to a fallback base station-to-terminal control information format (e.g., DCI format) or a common search space (e.g., CSS), the form of the base station-to-terminal communication coverage (e.g., DL coverage) enhancement method may include or extend the existing base station-to-terminal physical control channel transmission (e.g., PDCCH transmission) method.

[0251] The applicability of various embodiments of the present disclosure and the methods thereof may be applied differently for each fallback base station-to-terminal control information format (e.g., DCI format) and each non-fallback base station-to-terminal control information format (e.g., DCI format), and / or each base station-to-terminal control information format (e.g., DCI format).

[0252] The applicability of various embodiments of the present disclosure and the methods thereof may be applied differently for each common search space (eg, CSS) (all or part of (Type-0, Type-0A, Type-1, Type-2, and / or Type-3) common search space (eg, CSS)) and each terminal-specific search space (eg, USS; user-specific search space), for each control resource set (eg, CORESET; control resource set)#0 and each non-zero control resource set (eg, CORESET), for each search space, and / or for each control resource set (eg, CORESET).

[0253] The applicability of various embodiments of the present disclosure and the methods thereof may be applied differently depending on the radio network temporary identifier (e.g., RNTI) for a base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) and / or depending on the purpose (e.g., whether scheduling a first system information block (e.g., SIB1; system information block 1) and / or whether direct message transmission) for the base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH).

[0254] Various embodiments and / or combinations of embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied differently depending on the payload type of the satellite (e.g., regenerative or transparent payload).

[0255] Various embodiments and / or combinations of embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied differently depending on the type of non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) node (e.g., geostationary orbit (GEO), non-geostationary orbit (NGEO), low-earth orbit (LEO), medium-earth orbit (MEO), high altitude platform station (HAPS), drone), altitude, fixed beam footprint, or cell-moving beam footprint.

[0256] For example, when a base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) (or a base station-to-terminal physical control channel transmission (e.g., PDCCH transmission)) is repeated in the time axis and / or the frequency axis, the terminal may expect that the multiplexing pattern for the synchronization signal block (e.g., SSB) and the base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) is time division multiplexing (e.g., TDM), and / or not frequency division multiplexing (e.g., FDM).

[0257] And / or, for example, the terminal may expect that the multiplexing pattern for the synchronization signal block (e.g., SSB) and the base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) is time division multiplexed (e.g., TDM), and / or not frequency division multiplexed (e.g., FDM), when the aggregation level of the base station-to-terminal control information format (e.g., DCI format) for the base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) is above a certain level (e.g., 16 or 32).

[0258] And / or, for example, when a coverage enhancement mode for a base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) is set, the terminal may expect the multiplexing pattern for the synchronization signal block (e.g., SSB) and the base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) to be time division multiplexed (e.g., TDM), and / or not be frequency division multiplexed (e.g., FDM).

[0259] For example, an advantage of this could be to increase the power of a specific base station-to-terminal transmission (e.g., DL transmission) by concentrating the power spectral density (PSD) in a narrow band even during base station-to-terminal transmission (e.g., DL transmission).

[0260] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, time and / or frequency resources of a set of candidate resources for base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) having an aggregation level of 4, 8, or 16 (e.g., a set of candidate resources for base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) transmission) can be separated from a set of candidate resources for base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) having an aggregation level exceeding 16 (e.g., a set of candidate resources for base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) transmission).

[0261] For example, a first base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidate set (e.g., a candidate resource set for base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) transmission) having an aggregation level of 4, 8, or 16 (at least for control resource set #0 (e.g., CORESET#0) and / or type-0 common search space (e.g., Type-0 CSS)) may be a subset of a base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidate set (e.g., a candidate resource set for base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) transmission) having an aggregation level greater than 4, 8, 16, or 16.

[0262] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a single base station-to-terminal control information format (e.g., DCI format) may be transmitted through multiple base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidates within the same search space and / or the same control resource set (e.g., CORESET). Here, for example, the single base station-to-terminal control information format (e.g., DCI format) may be such that the same information is repeatedly transmitted through the multiple base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidates.

[0263] For example, the terminal may be provided with an additional control resource set (eg, CORESET) and / or a search space (eg, SS) for the control resource set (eg, CORESET)#0 and / or the Type-0 common search space (eg, Type-0 CSS), and / or may transmit a single base station-to-terminal control information format (eg, DCI format) using a base station-to-terminal physical control channel (eg, PDCCH) candidate within the additional control resource set (eg, CORESET) and / or search space (eg, SS) and a base station-to-terminal physical control channel (eg, PDCCH) candidate within the control resource set (eg, CORESET)#0 and / or the Type-0 common search space (eg, Type-0 CSS). Here, for example, the single base station-to-terminal control information format (eg, DCI format) may be one in which the same information is repeatedly transmitted through the base station-to-terminal physical control channel (eg, PDCCH) candidates.

[0264] For example, whether the additional control resource set (e.g., CORESET), search space (e.g., SS) is set, and / or information thereon may be indicated through a physical broadcast channel (e.g., PBCH). For example, whether the additional control resource set (e.g., CORESET), search space (e.g., SS) is set, and / or information thereon may be indicated through a physical broadcast channel (e.g., PBCH).

[0265] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, whether to extend base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) coverage may be indicated via a physical broadcast channel (e.g., PBCH) (in particular, by reusing spare bit(s) within the physical broadcast channel (e.g., PBCH)).

[0266] For example, if base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) coverage extension is activated for the cell above, and / or if the cell supports a base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) coverage extension operation for the terminal, the terminal may assume that a single base station-to-terminal control information format (e.g., DCI format) is transmitted through multiple base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidates, and perform blind detection accordingly.

[0267] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a single base station-to-terminal control information format (e.g., DCI format) may be transmitted (to a terminal) via base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidates and / or resource element set(s) (e.g., REG(s); resource element group(s)) and / or control channel element(s) (e.g., CCE(s); control channel element(s)) located in the same control resource set (e.g., CORESET) within N slots and / or different symbols within a search space.

[0268] For example, the N value may be 1. For example, the N value may be set via RRC or may be a value defined in advance. For example, the N value may be a value indicated in a physical broadcast channel (e.g., PBCH) and / or a system information block (e.g., SIB). For example, the N value may be the same value as the duration value of the search space configuration.

[0269] The above method can be applied differently depending on whether it is a control resource set #0 (e.g., CORESET#0) and / or a type-0 common search space (e.g., Type-0 CSS).

[0270] For example, the search space configuration may include multiple start symbols within a slot, and / or the terminal may transmit a single base station-to-terminal control information format (e.g., DCI format) via multiple base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidates and / or resource element set(s) (e.g., REG(s)) and / or control channel element(s) (e.g., CCE(s)) corresponding to the same search space within the same slot.

[0271] For example, base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidates located in the different symbols can be derived based on the start symbol position, duration, slot offset, and / or period provided through the search space configuration.

[0272] For example, base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidates, resource element set(s) (e.g., REG(s)), and / or control channel element(s) (e.g., CCE(s)) of different symbols used to transmit a single base station-to-terminal control information format (e.g., DCI format) may be included in the same set of indices. For example, base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidates, resource element set(s) (e.g., REG(s)), and / or control channel element(s) (e.g., CCE(s)) of different symbols used to transmit a single base station-to-terminal control information format (e.g., DCI format) may be included in the set of the same indices.

[0273] For example, base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidates, resource element set(s) (e.g., REG(s)), and / or control channel element(s) (e.g., CCE(s)) of the same symbol used to transmit a single base station-to-terminal control information format (e.g., DCI format) may be contiguous or consecutive with each other in the index. For example, base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidates, resource element set(s) (e.g., REG(s)), and / or control channel element(s) (e.g., CCE(s)) of the same symbol used to transmit a single base station-to-terminal control information format (e.g., DCI format) may be contiguous or consecutive with each other within a group of the same index.

[0274] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a terminal may receive a single base station-to-terminal control information format (e.g., DCI format) received in a first control resource set (e.g., CORESET) and / or a base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) monitoring occasion in a symbol or slot subsequent to a last symbol for the base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) monitoring occasion. For example, the terminal may receive a base station-to-terminal control information format (e.g., DCI format) identical to a single base station-to-terminal control information format (e.g., DCI format) received in a first control resource set (e.g., CORESET) and / or a base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) monitoring occasion in a symbol or slot subsequent to a last symbol for the base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) monitoring occasion.

[0275] For example, the above repetition can be repeated multiple times, and the number of repetitions can be set via RRC, can be indicated via a MAC control element (e.g., CE; control element), and / or can be indicated (whether to repeat and / or the number of repetitions) in a physical broadcast channel (e.g., PBCH). For example, the number of repetitions can be predefined for a Type-0 common search space (e.g., Type-0 CSS) and / or a control resource set (e.g., CORESET)#0. For example, the number of repetitions can be different for each aggregation level for a base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidate.

[0276] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a single base station-to-terminal control information format (e.g., DCI format) may be transmitted through a plurality of base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidates in a manner in which complex-valued symbols are mapped in a rate-matching manner, and / or may be mapped and repeated in units of base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidates.

[0277] In various embodiments of the present disclosure, the way in which additional information is indicated via a physical broadcast channel (e.g., PBCH) may be by utilizing a reserved state of controlResourceSetZero and / or a reserved state of serachSpaceZero. For example, when the values ​​of controlResourceSetZero and / or serachSpaceZero indicated via a physical broadcast channel (e.g., PBCH) are specific values, or depending on the values, information on base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) resources according to the indicated values ​​for serachSpaceZero and / or controlResourceSetZero, respectively, may be interpreted differently.

[0278] For example, the number of (all or remaining) base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidates, the number of symbol groups, and / or the number of slots used to transmit a single base station-to-terminal control information format (e.g., DCI format) can be indicated through the base station-to-terminal control information format (e.g., DCI format), and a plurality of base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidates can be transmitted through symbol group and / or slot resources according to the indicated value.

[0279] Meanwhile, when a single base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) is transmitted over multiple base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidates across different symbol groups and / or slot resources, information about the base station-to-terminal signal / channel (e.g., PDSCH, (CSI-)RS) transmission timing and / or transmission resources scheduled through the base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) and information about the terminal-to-base station signal / channel (e.g., physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH), terminal-to-base station physical shared channel (e.g., PUSCH), terminal-to-base station physical control channel (e.g., PUCCH), sounding reference signal (e.g., SRS)) transmission timing and / or transmission resources scheduled through the base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) may need to be defined.

[0280] Meanwhile, there may be a need to align understanding of scheduling information between a terminal assuming that base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) is transmitted through a single base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidate and a terminal assuming that it is transmitted through multiple base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidates.

[0281] For example, when a single base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) is transmitted through multiple base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidates across different symbol groups and / or slot resources, the transmission timing and / or transmission resources of the base station-to-terminal signal / channel may be determined for each base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidate based on the slot group and / or slot in which each base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidate is transmitted.

[0282] For example, when two base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidates are used for single base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) transmission, the base station-to-terminal signal / channel may be determined by interpreting the base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) based on a first base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidate and / or the base station-to-terminal signal / channel may be determined by interpreting the base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) based on a second base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidate.

[0283] For example, the first base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidate and the second base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidate may transmit the same base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) and may be mapped to different symbol groups and / or slots, respectively. For example, for the above method, it may be necessary to store soft signals of related symbol positions before acquiring the base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) through radio frequency (e.g., RF) buffering and / or soft buffering at the terminal end.

[0284] An advantage of this is that even if a terminal acquires base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) through a single base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidate for base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) transmitted through multiple base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidates, it may be able to appropriately acquire information on a base station-to-terminal signal / channel scheduled in the base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI).

[0285] For example, in the above situation, the base station-to-terminal signal / channel may exist between a first base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidate and a second base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidate.

[0286] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, when a single base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) is transmitted through a plurality of base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidates across different symbol groups and / or slot resources, a transmission time point and / or transmission resource of a terminal-to-base station signal / channel may be determined based on a slot group and / or slot in which each base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidate is transmitted for each base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidate.

[0287] For example, when a single base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) is transmitted over a plurality of N base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidates across different symbol groups and / or slot resources, the number of repetitions of the base station-to-terminal signal / channel and / or terminal-to-base station signal / channel scheduled over the base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) may be at least N.

[0288] For example, when a single base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) is transmitted over multiple base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidates across different symbol groups and / or slot resources, the transmission timing and / or transmission resources of the base station-to-terminal signal / channel and / or terminal-to-base station signal / channel may be determined based on the slot group and / or slot in which the earliest and / or latest base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidates are transmitted.

[0289] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, when a single base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) is transmitted over multiple base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidates across different symbol groups and / or slot resources, the radio network temporary identifier (e.g., RNTI) may be different from when the single base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) is transmitted over a single base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidate.

[0290] For example, the separate wireless network temporary identifier (e.g., RNTI) may be derived from a wireless network temporary identifier (e.g., RNTI) in the form of a specific offset being added when a single base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidate is used, and / or may be defined and / or (pre-)configured in advance.

[0291] For example, when a single base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) is transmitted over multiple base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidates across different symbol groups and / or slot resources, the radio network temporary identifier (e.g., RNTI) (or radio network temporary identifier (e.g., RNTI) type) used for each base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidate may be different.

[0292] For example, a specific base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidate may have the same radio network temporary identifier (e.g., RNTI) (or radio network temporary identifier (e.g., RNTI) type) as a case where a single base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) is transmitted through a single base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidate, and / or a different specific base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidate may have a different form than a case where a single base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) (or radio network temporary identifier (e.g., RNTI) type) is transmitted through a single base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidate.

[0293] For example, the above other specific base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidate may be mapped to additional resources for base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) / base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) repetition.

[0294] Various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied differently depending on the transmission content of base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI), base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH), base station-to-terminal signal / channel, terminal-to-base station signal / channel, and / or whether it is dedicated to a specific terminal or common to multiple terminals.

[0295] FIG. 19 illustrates the same base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) repeatedly transmitted via multiple base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) resources according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 19 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0296] Referring to FIG. 19, a search space including control channel resources is shown. Here, the search space may include a first base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) resource and a second base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) resource.

[0297] For example, transmission of the first base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) may be performed based on a wireless network temporary identifier 1 (e.g., RNTI), and transmission of the second base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) may be performed based on a wireless network temporary identifier 2 (e.g., RNTI).

[0298] For example, the above wireless network temporary identifier 1 (e.g., RNTI) may not be known to a legacy terminal that does not support repeated transmission operation of a base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH), and the legacy terminal may not receive base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) transmitted based on the above wireless network temporary identifier 1 (e.g., RNTI).

[0299] For example, the same base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) may be (repeatedly) transmitted based on the first base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) resource and the second base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) resource.

[0300] For example, slot N and slot M can be different slots. For example, slot M can be N+1.

[0301] FIG. 20 illustrates the same base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) repeatedly transmitted via multiple base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) resources according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 20 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0302] Referring to FIG. 20, a first base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) resource and a second base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) resource included in the same search space as FIG. 19 are shown.

[0303] For example, the first device may be a device that supports a repeat transmission operation of a base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH), and the second device may be a legacy device that does not support a repeat transmission operation of a base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH).

[0304] For example, at this time, transmission of the first base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) may be received only by a device that supports a repeated transmission operation of the base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) based on a wireless network temporary identifier 1 (e.g., RNTI).

[0305] For example, since the transmission of the second base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) can be received by the device even if the device does not support a repeat transmission operation of the base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH), both the first device and the second device can receive the transmission of the second base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) based on a radio network temporary identifier 2 (e.g., RNTI).

[0306] Various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to transmission of a base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH), a base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI), and / or a base station-to-terminal signal / channel (e.g., a first system information block (e.g., SIB1) and / or other system information blocks (e.g., SIB), a random access response (e.g., RAR)) and / or a terminal-to-base station signal / channel targeting multiple terminals.

[0307] The above proposed method can be applied to the device described below. First, the processor (202) of the receiving terminal can set at least one partial bandwidth (e.g., BWP; bandwidth part). Then, the processor (202) of the receiving terminal can control the transceiver (206) of the receiving terminal to receive a physical channel related to terminal-to-terminal communication (e.g., SL communication) and / or a reference signal related to terminal-to-terminal communication (e.g., SL communication) from the transmitting terminal on at least one partial bandwidth (e.g., BWP).

[0308] In non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) environments where base stations or networks are not located on the ground (e.g., when the base station or network is orbiting), high path loss may occur. In this case, high path loss may significantly degrade the detection performance of the base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) for the first system information block (e.g., SIB1; system information block 1).

[0309] Considering the narrowband environment, there may be limitations to simply increasing the aggregation level or strength as a solution, and increasing the duration of the control resource set (e.g., CORESET; control resource set) may have complexities, including consideration of coexistence with existing (e.g., legacy) terminals and redesign of the BD (billing domain) / CCE (control channel element).

[0310] For example, the remaining reserved bits of the current master information block (e.g., MIB) may not be enough to apply the base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) for the first system information block (e.g., SIB1) to indicate information related to search spacing linkage.

[0311] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) may be repeatedly transmitted, and the repeated transmission may be performed based on a same control resource set (e.g., CORESET) and / or different slots within a detection space (or, for example, a base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) monitoring opportunity of a different slot and / or a base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) candidate resource of a different slot).

[0312] For example, the base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) transmission may be for base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI; downlink control information) associated with a single first control information block (e.g., SIB1). For example, whether repetition of base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) transmission for base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) associated with a first system information block (e.g., SIB1) is activated may be indicated via a main information block (e.g., MIB).

[0313] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, coverage for a base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) for a first control information block (e.g., SIB1) can be improved, and at the same time, coexistence with existing (e.g., legacy) terminals can be supported for each detection space.

[0314] FIG. 21 illustrates a procedure of a method that may be performed by a first device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 21 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0315] Referring to FIG. 21, in step S2110, the first device may perform a first monitoring operation based on a first base station-to-device physical control channel resource. In step S2120, the first device may perform a second monitoring operation based on a second base station-to-device physical control channel resource. In step S2130, the first device may obtain base station-to-device control information based on at least one of the first monitoring operation or the second monitoring operation.

[0316] For example, the first base station-to-device physical control channel resource and the second base station-to-device physical control channel resource may be included in the same search space.

[0317] For example, the first base station-to-device physical control channel resource and the second base station-to-device physical control channel resource may be included in different slots within the same search space.

[0318] For example, additionally, the first device may receive information via a physical broadcast channel as to whether the first base station-to-device physical control channel resource and the second base station-to-device physical control channel resource are included in different slots within the same search space.

[0319] For example, additionally, the first device may obtain information about a second search space different from the first search space. For example, the first base station-to-device physical control channel resource may be included in the first search space, and the second base station-to-device physical control channel resource may be included in the second search space.

[0320] For example, the first base station-to-device physical control channel resource and the second base station-to-device physical control channel resource may be associated with the same control resource set.

[0321] For example, additionally, the first device may obtain information about a second control resource set that is different from the first control resource set. For example, the first base station-to-device physical control channel resource may be associated with the first control resource set, and the second base station-to-device physical control channel resource may be associated with the second control resource set.

[0322] For example, information related to the second set of control resources can be obtained via a physical broadcast channel.

[0323] For example, the first wireless network temporary identifier for the first monitoring operation and the second wireless network temporary identifier for the second monitoring operation may be different.

[0324] For example, the type of the first wireless network temporary identifier for the first monitoring operation and the type of the second wireless network temporary identifier for the second monitoring operation may be different.

[0325] For example, the first base station-to-device physical control channel resource is a resource that precedes the second base station-to-device physical control channel resource, and based on the type of the first wireless network temporary identifier, a transmission based on the first base station-to-device physical control channel resource may not be received by the second device.

[0326] For example, the second device may be a device that does not include information related to the type of the first wireless network temporary identifier.

[0327] The above-described embodiment can be applied to various devices described below. First, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can control the transceiver (106) to perform a first monitoring operation based on a first base station-to-device physical control channel resource. Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can control the transceiver (106) to perform a second monitoring operation based on a second base station-to-device physical control channel resource. Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can obtain base station-to-device control information based on at least one of the first monitoring operation or the second monitoring operation.

[0328] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: perform a first monitoring operation based on a first base station-to-device physical control channel resource; perform a second monitoring operation based on a second base station-to-device physical control channel resource; and acquire base station-to-device control information based on at least one of the first monitoring operation or the second monitoring operation.

[0329] For example, the first base station-to-device physical control channel resource and the second base station-to-device physical control channel resource may be included in the same search space.

[0330] For example, the first base station-to-device physical control channel resource and the second base station-to-device physical control channel resource may be included in different slots within the same search space.

[0331] For example, additionally, the instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: receive information via a physical broadcast channel as to whether the first base station-to-device physical control channel resource and the second base station-to-device physical control channel resource are included in different slots within the same search space.

[0332] For example, additionally, the instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: obtain information about a second search space different from the first search space. For example, the first base station-to-device physical control channel resource may be included in the first search space, and the second base station-to-device physical control channel resource may be included in the second search space.

[0333] For example, the first base station-to-device physical control channel resource and the second base station-to-device physical control channel resource may be associated with the same control resource set.

[0334] For example, additionally, the instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: obtain information about a second set of control resources different from the first set of control resources. For example, the first base station-to-device physical control channel resources may be associated with the first set of control resources, and the second base station-to-device physical control channel resources may be associated with the second set of control resources.

[0335] For example, information related to the second set of control resources can be obtained via a physical broadcast channel.

[0336] For example, the first wireless network temporary identifier for the first monitoring operation and the second wireless network temporary identifier for the second monitoring operation may be different.

[0337] For example, the type of the first wireless network temporary identifier for the first monitoring operation and the type of the second wireless network temporary identifier for the second monitoring operation may be different.

[0338] For example, the first base station-to-device physical control channel resource is a resource that precedes the second base station-to-device physical control channel resource, and based on the type of the first wireless network temporary identifier, a transmission based on the first base station-to-device physical control channel resource may not be received by the second device.

[0339] For example, the second device may be a device that does not include information related to the type of the first wireless network temporary identifier.

[0340] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a first device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: perform a first monitoring operation based on a first base station-to-device physical control channel resource; perform a second monitoring operation based on a second base station-to-device physical control channel resource; and acquire base station-to-device control information based on at least one of the first monitoring operation or the second monitoring operation.

[0341] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having commands recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the commands, when executed, may cause a first device to: perform a first monitoring operation based on a first base station-to-device physical control channel resource; perform a second monitoring operation based on a second base station-to-device physical control channel resource; and acquire base station-to-device control information based on at least one of the first monitoring operation or the second monitoring operation.

[0342] FIG. 22 illustrates a procedure of a method that may be performed by a second device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 22 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0343] Referring to FIG. 22, in step S2210, the second device may transmit base station-to-device control information to the first device based on a first base station-to-device physical control channel resource. In step S2220, the second device may transmit the base station-to-device control information to the first device based on a second base station-to-device physical control channel resource. For example, the first base station-to-device physical control channel resource and the second base station-to-device physical control channel resource may be included in different slots within the same search space.

[0344] For example, additionally, the second device may transmit information via a physical broadcast channel as to whether the first base station-to-device physical control channel resource and the second base station-to-device physical control channel resource are included in different slots within the same search space.

[0345] The above-described embodiment can be applied to various devices described below. First, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to transmit base station-to-device control information to the first device (100) based on the first base station-to-device physical control channel resource. Then, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to transmit the base station-to-device control information to the first device (100) based on the second base station-to-device physical control channel resource. For example, the first base station-to-device physical control channel resource and the second base station-to-device physical control channel resource can be included in different slots within the same search space.

[0346] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. First, the second device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to: transmit base station-to-device control information to a first device based on a first base station-to-device physical control channel resource; and transmit the base station-to-device control information to the first device based on a second base station-to-device physical control channel resource, wherein the first base station-to-device physical control channel resource and the second base station-to-device physical control channel resource may be included in different slots within the same search space.

[0347] For example, the instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, may cause the second device to transmit information on whether the first base station-to-device physical control channel resource and the second base station-to-device physical control channel resource are included in different slots within the same search space via a physical broadcast channel.

[0348] The various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with each other.

[0349] Below, a description is given of devices to which various embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied.

[0350] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connectivity (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0351] Hereinafter, more specific examples will be provided with reference to the drawings. In the drawings / descriptions below, the same drawing reference numerals may represent identical or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks, unless otherwise described.

[0352] FIG. 23 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 23 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0353] Referring to FIG. 23, a communication system (1) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Things) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone) and / or an Aerial Vehicle (AV) (e.g., an Advanced Air Mobility (AAM)). The XR device may include an Augmented Reality (AR) / Virtual Reality (VR) / Mixed Reality (MR) device, and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.), etc. The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. For example, a base station and a network may also be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0354] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification may include not only LTE, NR, and 6G, but also Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. At this time, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology, and may be implemented with standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. At this time, for example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology, and may be called by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology can be implemented by at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification can include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) considering low-power communication, and is not limited to the above-described names. For example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PAN) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called by various names.

[0355] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) via a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology can be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) via the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, etc. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) can communicate with each other via the base station (200) / network (300), but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to Everything) communication). In addition, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0356] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base stations (200), and base stations (200) / base stations (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or, D2D communication), and communication between base stations (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least some of various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and resource allocation processes can be performed based on various proposals of the present disclosure.

[0357] FIG. 24 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 24 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0358] Referring to FIG. 24, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals via various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} can correspond to {the wireless device (100x), the base station (200)} and / or {the wireless device (100x), the wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 23.

[0359] For example, the description of the first wireless device (or device) and the second wireless device (or device) below may be extended to the third wireless device (300) (or device) or a wireless device (or device) corresponding to a subsequent reference number. For example, the reference number of the processor of the third wireless device (300) may be 302, and the reference number of the transceiver may be 306.

[0360] A first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may further include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memories (104) and / or the transceivers (106), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information in the memory (104) to generate first information / signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information / signal via the transceiver (106). Furthermore, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal including second information / signal via the transceiver (106), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (106) may be used interchangeably with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0361] A second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202), one or more memories (204), and may further include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memories (204) and / or the transceivers (206), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate third information / signals, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information / signals via the transceivers (206). In addition, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including fourth information / signals via the transceivers (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information / signals in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0362] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed herein, and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein.

[0363] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software configured to perform one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and executed by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0364] One or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be configured as ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and / or externally to the one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, the one or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to the one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0365] One or more transceivers (106, 206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or flowcharts of this document, to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts of this document, from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) can be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be coupled to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, or the like, as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein, via one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed by one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or filter.

[0366] FIG. 25 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 25 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0367] Referring to FIG. 25, the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050), and a signal generator (1060). Although not limited thereto, the operations / functions of FIG. 25 may be performed in the processor (102, 202) and / or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 24. The hardware elements of FIG. 25 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) and / or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 24. For example, blocks 1010 to 1060 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 24. Additionally, blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 24, and block 1060 may be implemented in the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 24.

[0368] The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 25. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block can include a transport block (e.g., an UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block). The wireless signal can be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., a PUSCH or a PDSCH).

[0369] Specifically, the codeword can be converted into a bit sequence scrambled by a scrambler (1010). The scramble sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, and the initialization value may include ID information of the wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (1020). The modulation method may include pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (1030). The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (1040) (precoding). The output z of the precoder (1040) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (1030) by a precoding matrix W of N*M. Here, N is the number of antenna ports, and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on complex modulation symbols. In addition, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0370] The resource mapper (1050) can map modulation symbols of each antenna port to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency resources can include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generator (1060) generates a wireless signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated wireless signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (1060) can include an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0371] The signal processing process for receiving signals in a wireless device can be configured in reverse order of the signal processing process (1010 to 1060) of FIG. 25. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100, 200 of FIG. 24) can receive wireless signals from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received wireless signals can be converted into baseband signals through a signal restorer. For this purpose, the signal restorer can include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) module. Thereafter, the baseband signal can be restored to a codeword through a resource demapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a descrambling process. The codewords can be restored to the original information blocks through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.

[0372] Figure 26 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use case / service (see Figure 23). The embodiment of Figure 26 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0373] Referring to FIG. 26, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 24 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / units, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and an additional element (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and a transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 24. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 24. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and the additional elements (140) and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). In addition, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface in the memory unit (130).

[0374] The additional element (140) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of the wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 23, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 23, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 23, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 23, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 23, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 23, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate / environmental device, an AI server / device (Fig. 23, 400), a base station (Fig. 23, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices may be mobile or stationary depending on the use / service.

[0375] In FIG. 26, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be entirely interconnected via a wired interface, or at least some may be wirelessly connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be wired, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit (110). In addition, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more processor sets. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of a random access memory (RAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a read only memory (ROM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0376] Below, the implementation example of Fig. 26 is described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0377] FIG. 27 illustrates a mobile device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The mobile device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smartglasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The mobile device may be referred to as a Mobile Station (MS), a User Terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or a Wireless Terminal (WT). The embodiment of FIG. 27 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0378] Referring to FIG. 27, the portable device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140a), an interface unit (140b), and an input / output unit (140c). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c correspond to blocks 110 to 130 / 140 of FIG. 26, respectively.

[0379] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (120) can control components of the mobile device (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) can include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit (130) can store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands required for operating the mobile device (100). In addition, the memory unit (130) can store input / output data / information, etc. The power supply unit (140a) supplies power to the mobile device (100) and can include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The interface unit (140b) can support connection between the mobile device (100) and other external devices. The interface unit (140b) can include various ports (e.g., audio input / output ports, video input / output ports) for connection with external devices. The input / output unit (140c) can input or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input from a user. The input / output unit (140c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140d), a speaker, and / or a haptic module.

[0380] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit (140c) obtains information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input by the user, and the obtained information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130). The communication unit (110) converts the information / signals stored in the memory into wireless signals, and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to other wireless devices or to a base station. In addition, the communication unit (110) can receive wireless signals from other wireless devices or base stations, and then restore the received wireless signals to the original information / signals. The restored information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130) and then output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input / output unit (140c).

[0381] Figure 28 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The vehicle or autonomous vehicle may be implemented as a mobile robot, a car, a train, a manned or unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, or the like. The embodiment of Figure 28 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0382] Referring to FIG. 28, a vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a driving unit (140a), a power supply unit (140b), a sensor unit (140c), and an autonomous driving unit (140d). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 / 130 / 140a to 140d correspond to blocks 110 / 130 / 140 of FIG. 26, respectively.

[0383] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (e.g., base stations, road side units, etc.), and servers. The control unit (120) can control elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) can include an ECU (Electronic Control Unit). The drive unit (140a) can drive the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) on the ground. The drive unit (140a) can include an engine, a motor, a power train, wheels, brakes, a steering device, etc. The power supply unit (140b) supplies power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) and can include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The sensor unit (140c) can obtain vehicle status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit (140c) may include an IMU (inertial measurement unit) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, an incline sensor, a weight detection sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, a vehicle forward / backward sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illuminance sensor, a pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit (140d) may implement a technology for maintaining a driving lane, a technology for automatically controlling speed such as adaptive cruise control, a technology for automatically driving along a set path, a technology for automatically setting a path and driving when a destination is set, etc.

[0384] For example, the communication unit (110) can receive map data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous driving unit (140d) can generate an autonomous driving route and driving plan based on the acquired data. The control unit (120) can control the drive unit (140a) so that the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) moves along the autonomous driving route according to the driving plan (e.g., speed / direction control). During autonomous driving, the communication unit (110) can irregularly / periodically acquire the latest traffic information data from an external server and can acquire surrounding traffic information data from surrounding vehicles. In addition, during autonomous driving, the sensor unit (140c) can acquire vehicle status and surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit (140d) can update the autonomous driving route and driving plan based on newly acquired data / information. The communication unit (110) can transmit information regarding the vehicle location, autonomous driving route, driving plan, etc. to the external server. External servers can predict traffic information data in advance using AI technology or other technologies based on information collected from vehicles or autonomous vehicles, and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicles or autonomous vehicles.

[0385] The claims set forth in this specification may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method.

Claims

1. In terms of method, A step of performing a first monitoring operation based on a first base station-to-device physical control channel resource; A step of performing a second monitoring operation based on a second base station-to-device physical control channel resource; and A method comprising the step of obtaining base station-to-device control information based on at least one of the first monitoring operation or the second monitoring operation.

2. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the first base station-to-device physical control channel resources and the second base station-to-device physical control channel resources are included in the same search space.

3. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the first base station-to-device physical control channel resources and the second base station-to-device physical control channel resources are included in different slots within the same search space.

4. In paragraph 1, A method further comprising the step of receiving, via a physical broadcast channel, information on whether the first base station-to-device physical control channel resource and the second base station-to-device physical control channel resource are included in different slots within the same search space.

5. In paragraph 1, Further comprising a step of obtaining information about a second search space different from the first search space, The above first base station-to-device physical control channel resource is included in the first search space, and A method wherein the second base station-to-device physical control channel resource is included in the second search space.

6. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the first base station-to-device physical control channel resources and the second base station-to-device physical control channel resources are associated with the same control resource set.

7. In paragraph 1, Further comprising a step of obtaining information about a second control resource set different from the first control resource set, The above first base station-to-device physical control channel resource is associated with the first control resource set, and A method wherein the second base station-to-device physical control channel resources are associated with the second control resource set.

8. In paragraph 7, A method in which information related to the second control resource set is obtained through a physical broadcast channel.

9. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the first wireless network temporary identifier for the first monitoring operation and the second wireless network temporary identifier for the second monitoring operation are different.

10. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the type of the first wireless network temporary identifier for the first monitoring operation and the type of the second wireless network temporary identifier for the second monitoring operation are different.

11. In Article 10, The above first base station-to-device physical control channel resource is a resource that is earlier than the second base station-to-device physical control channel resource, and A method wherein a transmission based on the first base station-to-device physical control channel resource based on the type of the first wireless network temporary identifier is not received by the second device.

12. In paragraph 11, A method wherein the second device is a device that does not include information related to the type of the first wireless network temporary identifier.

13. In paragraph 1, A method, wherein the above method is performed by a first device.

14. In the first device, At least one transceiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory coupled to said at least one processor and storing instructions, The above instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: Based on the first base station-to-device physical control channel resource, perform the first monitoring operation; Performing a second monitoring operation based on the second base station-to-device physical control channel resource; and A first device, which obtains base station-to-device control information based on at least one of the first monitoring operation or the second monitoring operation.

15. In a processing device set to control the first device, at least one processor; and At least one memory coupled to said at least one processor and storing instructions, The above instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: Based on the first base station-to-device physical control channel resource, perform the first monitoring operation; Performing a second monitoring operation based on the second base station-to-device physical control channel resource; and A processing device that obtains base station-to-device control information based on at least one of the first monitoring operation or the second monitoring operation.

16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that records commands, The above commands, when executed, cause the first device to: Based on the first base station-to-device physical control channel resource, perform the first monitoring operation; Performing a second monitoring operation based on the second base station-to-device physical control channel resource; and A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, which obtains base station-to-device control information based on at least one of the first monitoring operation or the second monitoring operation.

17. In the method, A step of transmitting base station-to-device control information to a first device based on a first base station-to-device physical control channel resource; and Including a step of transmitting the base station-to-device control information to the first device based on the second base station-to-device physical control channel resource, A method wherein the first base station-to-device physical control channel resources and the second base station-to-device physical control channel resources are included in different slots within the same search space.

18. In paragraph 17, A method further comprising the step of transmitting, via a physical broadcast channel, information on whether the first base station-to-device physical control channel resource and the second base station-to-device physical control channel resource are included in different slots within the same search space.

19. In the second device, At least one transceiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory coupled to said at least one processor and storing instructions, The above instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to: Transmit base station-to-device control information to the first device based on the first base station-to-device physical control channel resource; and To transmit the base station-to-device control information to the first device based on the second base station-to-device physical control channel resource, A second device, wherein the first base station-to-device physical control channel resources and the second base station-to-device physical control channel resources are included in different slots within the same search space.

20. In paragraph 19, The above instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to: A second device that transmits information on whether the first base station-to-device physical control channel resource and the second base station-to-device physical control channel resource are included in different slots within the same search space via a physical broadcast channel.

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