Controllable and dynamic virtual anchor for UE positioning
A controllable and dynamic virtual anchor system allows UEs to perform high-accuracy positioning using virtual anchors, addressing privacy concerns and enhancing network flexibility in wireless communication systems.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/071783
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-11
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-17
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in achieving high-accuracy UE positioning without disclosing the actual locations of network nodes, which raises privacy concerns and limits the flexibility of network design.
Implementing a controllable and dynamic virtual anchor system where UEs receive positioning information related to virtual anchors, allowing them to perform positioning activities without knowing the real locations of network nodes, by using assistance data that includes virtual anchor locations configured by the network.
Enables high-accuracy UE positioning while maintaining user privacy by using virtual anchors, enhancing network flexibility and reducing privacy risks associated with revealing real node locations.
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Figure CN2024071783_17072025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
CONTROLLABLE AND DYNAMIC VIRTUAL ANCHOR FOR UE POSITIONINGTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to communication systems, and more particularly, to wireless communication systems with positioning for a user equipment (UE) .
[0002] INTRODUCTION
[0003] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple-access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.
[0004] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, and even global level. An example telecommunication standard is 5G New Radio (NR) . 5G NR is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., with Internet of Things (IoT) ) , and other requirements. 5G NR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , massive machine type communications (mMTC) , and ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC) . Some aspects of 5G NR may be based on the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard. There exists a need for further improvements in 5G NR technology. These improvements may also be applicable to other multi-access technologies and the telecommunication standards that employ these technologies.
[0005] BRIEF SUMMARY
[0006] The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects. This summary neither identifies key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineates the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
[0007] In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus at a user equipment (UE) are provided. The apparatus may include at least one memory and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory. Based at least in part on information stored in the at least one memory, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to receive, from a network node, a configuration for positioning information related to at least one virtual anchor associated with a device controlled by the network node. Based at least in part on information stored in the at least one memory, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to perform a UE-based positioning activity based on the positioning information related to the at least one virtual anchor.
[0008] In another aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus at a network entity are provided. The apparatus may include at least one memory and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory. Based at least in part on information stored in the at least one memory, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to transmit, for a UE, a configuration for positioning information related to at least one virtual anchor associated with a device controlled by the network node. Based at least in part on information stored in the at least one memory, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to transmit, for the UE, at least one positioning reference signal (PRS) to facilitate a UE-based positioning activity based on the positioning information related to the at least one virtual anchor.
[0009] To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the one or more aspects include the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative features of the one or more aspects. These features are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of various aspects may be employed.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communications system and an access network.
[0011] FIG. 2A is a diagram illustrating an example of a first frame, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0012] FIG. 2B is a diagram illustrating an example of downlink (DL) channels within a subframe, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0013] FIG. 2C is a diagram illustrating an example of a second frame, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0014] FIG. 2D is a diagram illustrating an example of uplink (UL) channels within a subframe, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0015] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station and user equipment (UE) in an access network in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0016] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a UE positioning based on reference signal measurements in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0017] FIG. 5A is a diagram illustrating an example communication between wireless devices involving line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) channels in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0018] FIG. 5B is a diagram illustrating an example of positioning in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0019] FIG. 5C is a diagram illustrating an example reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0020] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of positioning activity while RIS is ON or OFF in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0021] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a virtual anchor in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0022] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of multiple virtual anchors and multiple RISs in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0023] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of locations of virtual anchor, real anchor, RIS, and the reception in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0024] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of virtual anchors from the perspective of the UE in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0025] FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of where multiple virtual anchors are associated with a same RIS in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0026] FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of virtual anchor, real anchor, RIS, and the UE in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0027] FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating example communications between a network entity and a UE in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0028] FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating example communications between a network entity and a UE in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0029] FIG. 15 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0030] FIG. 16 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0031] FIG. 17 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0032] FIG. 18 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0033] FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an example apparatus and / or network entity in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0034] FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an example network entity in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0035] The detailed description set forth below in connection with the drawings describes various configurations and does not represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of various concepts. However, these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well known structures and components are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring such concepts.
[0036] Aspects presented herein may enable a UE to achieve a high accuracy positioning without knowing the locations of certain network nodes. Aspects presented herein may enable a UE to perform positioning based on location of virtual anchor (s) that may be controllable and dynamic. The network may provide measurements, reference signals, assistance data or correction data to the UE based on the location (s) of the virtual anchor (s) without disclosing the actual locations of network node (s) . Because the position of the virtual anchor (s) are not real locations, the UE can’t derive the real physical position of the network nodes. Instead of disclosing the location of the network nodes, the virtual anchor locations are signaled in the assistance data and the assistance data may not include actual location of the network nodes. The UE may not be aware of and may be unable to derive the actual location of the network nodes, and the UE may still be able to perform positioning activity. The gNB may configure locations of the virtual anchor (s) to enable UE-based positioning.
[0037] Several aspects of telecommunication systems are presented with reference to various apparatus and methods. These apparatus and methods are described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as “elements” ) . These elements may be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
[0038] By way of example, an element, or any portion of an element, or any combination of elements may be implemented as a “processing system” that includes one or more processors. When multiple processors are implemented, the multiple processors may perform the functions individually or in combination. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs) , central processing units (CPUs) , application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs) , reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, systems on a chip (SoC) , baseband processors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , programmable logic devices (PLDs) , state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functionality described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in the processing system may execute software. Software, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise, shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, or any combination thereof.
[0039] Accordingly, in one or more example aspects, implementations, and / or use cases, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or encoded as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes computer storage media. Storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, such computer-readable media can include a random-access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of the types of computer-readable media, or any other medium that can be used to store computer executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.
[0040] While aspects, implementations, and / or use cases are described in this application by illustration to some examples, additional or different aspects, implementations and / or use cases may come about in many different arrangements and scenarios. Aspects, implementations, and / or use cases described herein may be implemented across many differing platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and packaging arrangements. For example, aspects, implementations, and / or use cases may come about via integrated chip implementations and other non-module-component based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / purchasing devices, medical devices, artificial intelligence (AI) -enabled devices, etc. ) . While some examples may or may not be specifically directed to use cases or applications, a wide assortment of applicability of described examples may occur. Aspects, implementations, and / or use cases may range a spectrum from chip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip-level implementations and further to aggregate, distributed, or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) devices or systems incorporating one or more techniques herein. In some practical settings, devices incorporating described aspects and features may also include additional components and features for implementation and practice of claimed and described aspect. For example, transmission and reception of wireless signals necessarily includes a number of components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antenna, RF-chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffer, processor (s) , interleaver, adders / summers, etc. ) . Techniques described herein may be practiced in a wide variety of devices, chip-level components, systems, distributed arrangements, aggregated or disaggregated components, end-user devices, etc. of varying sizes, shapes, and constitution.
[0041] Deployment of communication systems, such as 5G NR systems, may be arranged in multiple manners with various components or constituent parts. In a 5G NR system, or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a radio access network (RAN) node, a core network node, a network element, or a network equipment, such as a base station (BS) , or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functionality, may be implemented in an aggregated or disaggregated architecture. For example, a BS (such as a Node B (NB) , evolved NB (eNB) , NR BS, 5G NB, access point (AP) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , or a cell, etc. ) may be implemented as an aggregated base station (also known as a standalone BS or a monolithic BS) or a disaggregated base station.
[0042] An aggregated base station may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. A disaggregated base station may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more units (such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , or one or more radio units (RUs) ) . In some aspects, a CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed throughout one or multiple other RAN nodes. The DUs may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU and RU can be implemented as virtual units, i.e., a virtual central unit (VCU) , a virtual distributed unit (VDU) , or a virtual radio unit (VRU) .
[0043] Base station operation or network design may consider aggregation characteristics of base station functionality. For example, disaggregated base stations may be utilized in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (such as the network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) ) , or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) ) . Disaggregation may include distributing functionality across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as distributing functionality for at least one unit virtually, which can enable flexibility in network design. The various units of the disaggregated base station, or disaggregated RAN architecture, can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.
[0044] FIG. 1 is a diagram 100 illustrating an example of a wireless communications system and an access network. The illustrated wireless communications system includes a disaggregated base station architecture. The disaggregated base station architecture may include one or more CUs 110 that can communicate directly with a core network 120 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 120 through one or more disaggregated base station units (such as a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 125 via an E2 link, or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC 115 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 105, or both) . A CU 110 may communicate with one or more DUs 130 via respective midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DUs 130 may communicate with one or more RUs 140 via respective fronthaul links. The RUs 140 may communicate with respective UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 140.
[0045] Each of the units, i.e., the CUs 110, the DUs 130, the RUs 140, as well as the Near-RT RICs 125, the Non-RT RICs 115, and the SMO Framework 105, may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or to transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the communication interfaces of the units, can be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium. For example, the units can include a wired interface configured to receive or to transmit signals over a wired transmission medium to one or more of the other units. Additionally, the units can include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter, or a transceiver (such as an RF transceiver) , configured to receive or to transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other units.
[0046] In some aspects, the CU 110 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions can include radio resource control (RRC) , packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) , service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) , or the like. Each control function can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 110. The CU 110 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit –User Plane (CU-UP) ) , control plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit –Control Plane (CU-CP) ) , or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 110 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. The CU-UP unit can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface, such as an E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 110 can be implemented to communicate with the DU 130, as necessary, for network control and signaling.
[0047] The DU 130 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 140. In some aspects, the DU 130 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation, demodulation, or the like) depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as those defined by 3GPP. In some aspects, the DU 130 may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 130, or with the control functions hosted by the CU 110.
[0048] Lower-layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RUs 140. In some deployments, an RU 140, controlled by a DU 130, may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions, or low-PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT) , inverse FFT (iFFT) , digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or the like) , or both, based at least in part on the functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, the RU (s) 140 can be implemented to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU (s) 140 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 130. In some scenarios, this configuration can enable the DU (s) 130 and the CU 110 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
[0049] The SMO Framework 105 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 105 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements that may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface) . For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 105 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 190) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface) . Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, CUs 110, DUs 130, RUs 140 and Near-RT RICs 125. In some implementations, the SMO Framework 105 can communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 111, via an O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO Framework 105 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 140 via an O1 interface. The SMO Framework 105 also may include a Non-RT RIC 115 configured to support functionality of the SMO Framework 105.
[0050] The Non-RT RIC 115 may be configured to include a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the Near-RT RIC 125. The Non-RT RIC 115 may be coupled to or communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 125. The Near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to include a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions over an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 110, one or more DUs 130, or both, as well as an O-eNB, with the Near-RT RIC 125.
[0051] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 125, the Non-RT RIC 115 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 125 and may be received at the SMO Framework 105 or the Non-RT RIC 115 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 115 or the Near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 115 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO Framework 105 (such as reconfiguration via O1) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies) .
[0052] At least one of the CU 110, the DU 130, and the RU 140 may be referred to as a base station 102. Accordingly, a base station 102 may include one or more of the CU 110, the DU 130, and the RU 140 (each component indicated with dotted lines to signify that each component may or may not be included in the base station 102) . The base station 102 provides an access point to the core network 120 for a UE 104. The base station 102 may include macrocells (high power cellular base station) and / or small cells (low power cellular base station) . The small cells include femtocells, picocells, and microcells. A network that includes both small cell and macrocells may be known as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include Home Evolved Node Bs (eNBs) (HeNBs) , which may provide service to a restricted group known as a closed subscriber group (CSG) . The communication links between the RUs 140 and the UEs 104 may include uplink (UL) (also referred to as reverse link) transmissions from a UE 104 to an RU 140 and / or downlink (DL) (also referred to as forward link) transmissions from an RU 140 to a UE 104. The communication links may use multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication links may be through one or more carriers. The base station 102 / UEs 104 may use spectrum up to Y MHz (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100, 400, etc. MHz) bandwidth per carrier allocated in a carrier aggregation of up to a total of Yx MHz (x component carriers) used for transmission in each direction. The carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. Allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL than for UL) . The component carriers may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. A primary component carrier may be referred to as a primary cell (PCell) and a secondary component carrier may be referred to as a secondary cell (SCell) .
[0053] Certain UEs 104 may communicate with each other using device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158. The D2D communication link 158 may use the DL / UL wireless wide area network (WWAN) spectrum. The D2D communication link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) , a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH) , a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) , and a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) . D2D communication may be through a variety of wireless D2D communications systems, such as for example, BluetoothTM (Bluetooth is a trademark of the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) ) , Wi-FiTM (Wi-Fi is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance) based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.
[0054] The wireless communications system may further include a Wi-Fi AP 150 in communication with UEs 104 (also referred to as Wi-Fi stations (STAs) ) via communication link 154, e.g., in a 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum or the like. When communicating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the UEs 104 / AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) prior to communicating in order to determine whether the channel is available.
[0055] The electromagnetic spectrum is often subdivided, based on frequency / wavelength, into various classes, bands, channels, etc. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) . Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “sub-6 GHz” band in various documents and articles. A similar nomenclature issue sometimes occurs with regard to FR2, which is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in documents and articles, despite being different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz –300 GHz) which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band.
[0056] The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR studies have identified an operating band for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) . Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics and / or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend features of FR1 and / or FR2 into mid-band frequencies. In addition, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR2-2 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , FR4 (71 GHz –114.25 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.
[0057] With the above aspects in mind, unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “sub-6 GHz” or the like if used herein may broadly represent frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies. Further, unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “millimeter wave” or the like if used herein may broadly represent frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, FR4, FR2-2, and / or FR5, or may be within the EHF band.
[0058] The base station 102 and the UE 104 may each include a plurality of antennas, such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays to facilitate beamforming. The base station 102 may transmit a beamformed signal 182 to the UE 104 in one or more transmit directions. The UE 104 may receive the beamformed signal from the base station 102 in one or more receive directions. The UE 104 may also transmit a beamformed signal 184 to the base station 102 in one or more transmit directions. The base station 102 may receive the beamformed signal from the UE 104 in one or more receive directions. The base station 102 / UE 104 may perform beam training to determine the best receive and transmit directions for each of the base station 102 / UE 104. The transmit and receive directions for the base station 102 may or may not be the same. The transmit and receive directions for the UE 104 may or may not be the same.
[0059] The base station 102 may include and / or be referred to as a gNB, Node B, eNB, an access point, a base transceiver station, a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic service set (BSS) , an extended service set (ESS) , a TRP, network node, network entity, network equipment, or some other suitable terminology. The base station 102 can be implemented as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, a sidelink node, an aggregated (monolithic) base station with a baseband unit (BBU) (including a CU and a DU) and an RU, or as a disaggregated base station including one or more of a CU, a DU, and / or an RU. The set of base stations, which may include disaggregated base stations and / or aggregated base stations, may be referred to as next generation (NG) RAN (NG-RAN) .
[0060] The core network 120 may include an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 161, a Session Management Function (SMF) 162, a User Plane Function (UPF) 163, a Unified Data Management (UDM) 164, one or more location servers 168, and other functional entities. The AMF 161 is the control node that processes the signaling between the UEs 104 and the core network 120. The AMF 161 supports registration management, connection management, mobility management, and other functions. The SMF 162 supports session management and other functions. The UPF 163 supports packet routing, packet forwarding, and other functions. The UDM 164 supports the generation of authentication and key agreement (AKA) credentials, user identification handling, access authorization, and subscription management. The one or more location servers 168 are illustrated as including a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) 165 and a Location Management Function (LMF) 166. However, generally, the one or more location servers 168 may include one or more location / positioning servers, which may include one or more of the GMLC 165, the LMF 166, a position determination entity (PDE) , a serving mobile location center (SMLC) , a mobile positioning center (MPC) , or the like. The GMLC 165 and the LMF 166 support UE location services. The GMLC 165 provides an interface for clients / applications (e.g., emergency services) for accessing UE positioning information. The LMF 166 receives measurements and assistance information from the NG-RAN and the UE 104 via the AMF 161 to compute the position of the UE 104. The NG-RAN may utilize one or more positioning methods in order to determine the position of the UE 104. Positioning the UE 104 may involve signal measurements, a position estimate, and an optional velocity computation based on the measurements. The signal measurements may be made by the UE 104 and / or the base station 102 serving the UE 104. The signals measured may be based on one or more of a satellite positioning system (SPS) 170 (e.g., one or more of a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) , global position system (GPS) , non-terrestrial network (NTN) , or other satellite position / location system) , LTE signals, wireless local area network (WLAN) signals, Bluetooth signals, a terrestrial beacon system (TBS) , sensor-based information (e.g., barometric pressure sensor, motion sensor) , NR enhanced cell ID (NR E-CID) methods, NR signals (e.g., multi-round trip time (Multi-RTT) , DL angle-of-departure (DL-AoD) , DL time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA) , UL time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA) , and UL angle-of-arrival (UL-AoA) positioning) , and / or other systems / signals / sensors.
[0061] Examples of UEs 104 include a cellular phone, a smart phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a laptop, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a satellite radio, a global positioning system, a multimedia device, a video device, a digital audio player (e.g., MP3 player) , a camera, a game console, a tablet, a smart device, a wearable device, a vehicle, an electric meter, a gas pump, a large or small kitchen appliance, a healthcare device, an implant, a sensor / actuator, a display, or any other similar functioning device. Some of the UEs 104 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking meter, gas pump, toaster, vehicles, heart monitor, etc. ) . The UE 104 may also be referred to as a station, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communications device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology. In some scenarios, the term UE may also apply to one or more companion devices such as in a device constellation arrangement. One or more of these devices may collectively access the network and / or individually access the network.
[0062] Referring again to FIG. 1, in some aspects, the UE 104 may include a positioning component 198. In some aspects, the positioning component 198 may be configured to receive, from a network node, a configuration for positioning information related to at least one virtual anchor associated with a device controlled by the network node. In some aspects, the positioning component 198 may be further configured to perform a UE-based positioning activity based on the positioning information related to the at least one virtual anchor.
[0063] In certain aspects, the base station 102 may include a positioning component 199. In some aspects, the positioning component 199 may be configured to transmit, for a UE, a configuration for positioning information related to at least one virtual anchor associated with a device controlled by the network node. In some aspects, the positioning component 199 may be further configured to transmit, for the UE, at least one positioning reference signal (PRS) to facilitate a UE-based positioning activity based on the positioning information related to the at least one virtual anchor.
[0064] Although the following description may be focused on 5G NR, the concepts described herein may be applicable to other similar areas, such as LTE, LTE-A, CDMA, GSM, and other wireless technologies.
[0065] As described herein, a node (which may be referred to as a node, a network node, a network entity, or a wireless node) may include, be, or be included in (e.g., be a component of) a base station (e.g., any base station described herein) , a UE (e.g., any UE described herein) , a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, an integrated access and backhauling (IAB) node, a distributed unit (DU) , a central unit (CU) , a remote / radio unit (RU) (which may also be referred to as a remote radio unit (RRU) ) , and / or another processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a network node may be a UE. As another example, a network node may be a base station or network entity. As another example, a first network node may be configured to communicate with a second network node or a third network node. In one aspect of this example, the first network node may be a UE, the second network node may be a base station, and the third network node may be a UE. In another aspect of this example, the first network node may be a UE, the second network node may be a base station, and the third network node may be a base station. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third network nodes may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, reference to a UE, base station, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like may include disclosure of the UE, base station, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like being a network node. For example, disclosure that a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network node is configured to receive information from a second network node. Consistent with this disclosure, once a specific example is broadened in accordance with this disclosure (e.g., a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network node is configured to receive information from a second network node) , the broader example of the narrower example may be interpreted in the reverse, but in a broad open-ended way. In the example above where a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network node is configured to receive information from a second network node, the first network node may refer to a first UE, a first base station, a first apparatus, a first device, a first computing system, a first set of one or more one or more components, a first processing entity, or the like configured to receive the information; and the second network node may refer to a second UE, a second base station, a second apparatus, a second device, a second computing system, a second set of one or more components, a second processing entity, or the like.
[0066] As described herein, communication of information (e.g., any information, signal, or the like) may be described in various aspects using different terminology. Disclosure of one communication term includes disclosure of other communication terms. For example, a first network node may be described as being configured to transmit information to a second network node. In this example and consistent with this disclosure, disclosure that the first network node is configured to transmit information to the second network node includes disclosure that the first network node is configured to provide, send, output, communicate, or transmit information to the second network node. Similarly, in this example and consistent with this disclosure, disclosure that the first network node is configured to transmit information to the second network node includes disclosure that the second network node is configured to receive, obtain, or decode the information that is provided, sent, output, communicated, or transmitted by the first network node.
[0067] FIG. 2A is a diagram 200 illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. FIG. 2B is a diagram 230 illustrating an example of DL channels within a 5G NR subframe. FIG. 2C is a diagram 250 illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. FIG. 2D is a diagram 280 illustrating an example of UL channels within a 5G NR subframe. The 5G NR frame structure may be frequency division duplexed (FDD) in which for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth) , subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for either DL or UL, or may be time division duplexed (TDD) in which for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth) , subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for both DL and UL. In the examples provided by FIGs. 2A, 2C, the 5G NR frame structure is assumed to be TDD, with subframe 4 being configured with slot format 28 (with mostly DL) , where D is DL, U is UL, and F is flexible for use between DL / UL, and subframe 3 being configured with slot format 1 (with all UL) . While subframes 3, 4 are shown with slot formats 1, 28, respectively, any particular subframe may be configured with any of the various available slot formats 0-61. Slot formats 0, 1 are all DL, UL, respectively. Other slot formats 2-61 include a mix of DL, UL, and flexible symbols. UEs are configured with the slot format (dynamically through DL control information (DCI) , or semi-statically / statically through radio resource control (RRC) signaling) through a received slot format indicator (SFI) . Note that the description infra applies also to a 5G NR frame structure that is TDD.
[0068] FIGs. 2A-2D illustrate a frame structure, and the aspects of the present disclosure may be applicable to other wireless communication technologies, which may have a different frame structure and / or different channels. A frame (10 ms) may be divided into 10 equally sized subframes (1 ms) . Each subframe may include one or more time slots. Subframes may also include mini-slots, which may include 7, 4, or 2 symbols. Each slot may include 14 or 12 symbols, depending on whether the cyclic prefix (CP) is normal or extended. For normal CP, each slot may include 14 symbols, and for extended CP, each slot may include 12 symbols. The symbols on DL may be CP orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) (CP-OFDM) symbols. The symbols on UL may be CP-OFDM symbols (for high throughput scenarios) or discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols (for power limited scenarios; limited to a single stream transmission) . The number of slots within a subframe is based on the CP and the numerology. The numerology defines the subcarrier spacing (SCS) (see Table 1) . The symbol length / duration may scale with 1 / SCS.
[0069] Table 1: Numerology, SCS, and CP
[0070] For normal CP (14 symbols / slot) , different numerologies μ 0 to 4 allow for 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 slots, respectively, per subframe. For extended CP, the numerology 2 allows for 4 slots per subframe. Accordingly, for normal CP and numerology μ, there are 14 symbols / slot and 2μ slots / subframe. The subcarrier spacing may be equal to 2μ*15 kHz, where μ is the numerology 0 to 4. As such, the numerology μ=0 has a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz and the numerology μ=4 has a subcarrier spacing of 240 kHz. The symbol length / duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. FIGs. 2A-2D provide an example of normal CP with 14 symbols per slot and numerology μ=2 with 4 slots per subframe. The slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 μs. Within a set of frames, there may be one or more different bandwidth parts (BWPs) (see FIG. 2B) that are frequency division multiplexed. Each BWP may have a particular numerology and CP (normal or extended) .
[0071] A resource grid may be used to represent the frame structure. Each time slot includes a resource block (RB) (also referred to as physical RBs (PRBs) ) that extends 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs) . The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.
[0072] As illustrated in FIG. 2A, some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for the UE.The RS may include demodulation RS (DM-RS) (indicated as R for one particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. The RS may also include beam measurement RS (BRS) , beam refinement RS (BRRS) , and phase tracking RS (PT-RS) .
[0073] FIG. 2B illustrates an example of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame. The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more control channel elements (CCEs) (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs) , each CCE including six RE groups (REGs) , each REG including 12 consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol of an RB. A PDCCH within one BWP may be referred to as a control resource set (CORESET) . A UE is configured to monitor PDCCH candidates in a PDCCH search space (e.g., common search space, UE-specific search space) during PDCCH monitoring occasions on the CORESET, where the PDCCH candidates have different DCI formats and different aggregation levels. Additional BWPs may be located at greater and / or lower frequencies across the channel bandwidth. A primary synchronization signal (PSS) may be within symbol 2 of particular subframes of a frame. The PSS is used by a UE 104 to determine subframe / symbol timing and a physical layer identity. A secondary synchronization signal (SSS) may be within symbol 4 of particular subframes of a frame. The SSS is used by a UE to determine a physical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing. Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine a physical cell identifier (PCI) . Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the locations of the DM-RS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH) , which carries a master information block (MIB) , may be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block (also referred to as SS block (SSB) ) . The MIB provides a number of RBs in the system bandwidth and a system frame number (SFN) . The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted through the PBCH such as system information blocks (SIBs) , and paging messages.
[0074] As illustrated in FIG. 2C, some of the REs carry DM-RS (indicated as R for one particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE may transmit DM-RS for the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and DM-RS for the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) . The PUSCH DM-RS may be transmitted in the first one or two symbols of the PUSCH. The PUCCH DM-RS may be transmitted in different configurations depending on whether short or long PUCCHs are transmitted and depending on the particular PUCCH format used. The UE may transmit sounding reference signals (SRS) . The SRS may be transmitted in the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS may have a comb structure, and a UE may transmit SRS on one of the combs. The SRS may be used by a base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent scheduling on the UL.
[0075] FIG. 2D illustrates an example of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame. The PUCCH may be located as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI) , such as scheduling requests, a channel quality indicator (CQI) , a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) , a rank indicator (RI) , and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgment (ACK) (HARQ-ACK) feedback (i.e., one or more HARQ ACK bits indicating one or more ACK and / or negative ACK (NACK) ) . The PUSCH carries data, and may additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR) , a power headroom report (PHR) , and / or UCI.
[0076] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a base station 310 in communication with a UE 350 in an access network. In the DL, Internet protocol (IP) packets may be provided to a controller / processor 375. The controller / processor 375 implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and layer 2 includes a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a medium access control (MAC) layer. The controller / processor 375 provides RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs) , RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release) , inter radio access technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification) , and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer packet data units (PDUs) , error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs) , re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs) , demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.
[0077] The transmit (TX) processor 316 and the receive (RX) processor 370 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1, which includes a physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on the transport channels, forward error correction (FEC) coding / decoding of the transport channels, interleaving, rate matching, mapping onto physical channels, modulation / demodulation of physical channels, and MIMO antenna processing. The TX processor 316 handles mapping to signal constellations based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) , quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) , M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK) , M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) ) . The coded and modulated symbols may then be split into parallel streams. Each stream may then be mapped to an OFDM subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time and / or frequency domain, and then combined together using an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a time domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM stream is spatially precoded to produce multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from a channel estimator 374 may be used to determine the coding and modulation scheme, as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimate may be derived from a reference signal and / or channel condition feedback transmitted by the UE 350. Each spatial stream may then be provided to a different antenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318Tx. Each transmitter 318Tx may modulate a radio frequency (RF) carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.
[0078] At the UE 350, each receiver 354Rx receives a signal through its respective antenna 352. Each receiver 354Rx recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the receive (RX) processor 356. The TX processor 368 and the RX processor 356 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The RX processor 356 may perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for the UE 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 350, they may be combined by the RX processor 356 into a single OFDM symbol stream. The RX processor 356 then converts the OFDM symbol stream from the time-domain to the frequency domain using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) . The frequency domain signal includes a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier, and the reference signal, are recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation points transmitted by the base station 310. These soft decisions may be based on channel estimates computed by the channel estimator 358. The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals that were originally transmitted by the base station 310 on the physical channel. The data and control signals are then provided to the controller / processor 359, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.
[0079] The controller / processor 359 can be associated with at least one memory 360 that stores program codes and data. The at least one memory 360 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 359 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 359 is also responsible for error detection using an ACK and / or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.
[0080] Similar to the functionality described in connection with the DL transmission by the base station 310, the controller / processor 359 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs) acquisition, RRC connections, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, and security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification) ; RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.
[0081] Channel estimates derived by a channel estimator 358 from a reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 310 may be used by the TX processor 368 to select the appropriate coding and modulation schemes, and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the TX processor 368 may be provided to different antenna 352 via separate transmitters 354Tx. Each transmitter 354Tx may modulate an RF carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.
[0082] The UL transmission is processed at the base station 310 in a manner similar to that described in connection with the receiver function at the UE 350. Each receiver 318Rx receives a signal through its respective antenna 320. Each receiver 318Rx recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to a RX processor 370.
[0083] The controller / processor 375 can be associated with at least one memory 376 that stores program codes and data. The at least one memory 376 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 375 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 375 is also responsible for error detection using an ACK and / or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.
[0084] At least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359 may be configured to perform aspects in connection with positioning component 198 of FIG. 1.
[0085] At least one of the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375 may be configured to perform aspects in connection with positioning component 199 of FIG. 1.
[0086] FIG. 4 is a diagram 400 illustrating an example of a UE positioning based on reference signal measurements (which may also be referred to as “network-based positioning” ) in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The UE 404 may transmit UL-SRS 412 at time TSRS_TX and receive DL positioning reference signals (PRS) (DL-PRS) 410 at time TPRS_RX. The TRP 406 may receive the UL-SRS 412 at time TSRS_RX and transmit the DL-PRS 410 at time TPRS_TX. The UE 404 may receive the DL-PRS 410 before transmitting the UL-SRS 412, or may transmit the UL-SRS 412 before receiving the DL-PRS 410. In both cases, a positioning server (e.g., location server (s) 168) or the UE 404 may determine the RTT 414 based on ||TSRS_RX –TPRS_TX|–|TSRS_TX –TPRS_RX||. Accordingly, multi-RTT positioning may make use of the UE Rx-Tx time difference measurements (i.e., |TSRS_TX –TPRS_RX|) and DL-PRS reference signal received power (RSRP) (DL-PRS-RSRP) of downlink signals received from multiple TRPs 402, 406 and measured by the UE 404, and the measured TRP Rx-Tx time difference measurements (i.e., |TSRS_RX –TPRS_TX|) and UL-SRS-RSRP at multiple TRPs 402, 406 of uplink signals transmitted from UE 404. The UE 404 measures the UE Rx-Tx time difference measurements (and / or DL-PRS-RSRP of the received signals) using assistance data received from the positioning server, and the TRPs 402, 406 measure the gNB Rx-Tx time difference measurements (and / or UL-SRS-RSRP of the received signals) using assistance data received from the positioning server. The measurements may be used at the positioning server or the UE 404 to determine the RTT, which is used to estimate the location of the UE 404. Other methods are possible for determining the RTT, such as for example using DL-TDOA and / or UL-TDOA measurements.
[0087] DL-AoD positioning may make use of the measured DL-PRS-RSRP of downlink signals received from multiple TRPs 402, 406 at the UE 404. The UE 404 measures the DL-PRS-RSRP of the received signals using assistance data received from the positioning server, and the resulting measurements are used along with the azimuth angle of departure (A-AoD) , the zenith angle of departure (Z-AoD) , and other configuration information to locate the UE 404 in relation to the neighboring TRPs 402, 406.
[0088] DL-TDOA positioning may make use of the DL reference signal time difference (RSTD) (and / or DL-PRS-RSRP) of downlink signals received from multiple TRPs 402, 406 at the UE 404. The UE 404 measures the DL RSTD (and / or DL-PRS-RSRP) of the received signals using assistance data received from the positioning server, and the resulting measurements are used along with other configuration information to locate the UE 404 in relation to the neighboring TRPs 402, 406.
[0089] UL-TDOA positioning may make use of the UL relative time of arrival (RTOA) (and / or UL-SRS-RSRP) at multiple TRPs 402, 406 of uplink signals transmitted from UE 404. The TRPs 402, 406 measure the UL-RTOA (and / or UL-SRS-RSRP) of the received signals using assistance data received from the positioning server, and the resulting measurements are used along with other configuration information to estimate the location of the UE 404.
[0090] UL-AoA positioning may make use of the measured azimuth angle of arrival (A-AoA) and zenith angle of arrival (Z-AoA) at multiple TRPs 402, 406 of uplink signals transmitted from the UE 404. The TRPs 402, 406 measure the A-AoA and the Z-AoA of the received signals using assistance data received from the positioning server, and the resulting measurements are used along with other configuration information to estimate the location of the UE 404.
[0091] Additional positioning methods may be used for estimating the location of the UE 404, such as for example, UE-side UL-AoD and / or DL-AoA. Note that data / measurements from various technologies may be combined in various ways to increase accuracy, to determine and / or to enhance certainty, to supplement / complement measurements, and / or to substitute / provide for missing information. For purposes of the present disclosure, the suffixes “-based” and “-assisted” may refer respectively to the node that is responsible for making the positioning calculation (and which may also provide measurements) and a node that provides measurements (but which may not make the positioning calculation) . For example, an operation in which measurements are provided by a UE to a base station / positioning entity to be used in the computation of a position estimate may be described as “UE-assisted, ” “UE-assisted positioning, ” and / or “UE-assisted position calculation” while an operation in which a UE computes its own position may be described as “UE-based, ” “UE-based positioning, ” and / or “UE-based position calculation. ” UE-assisted positioning and UE-based positioning may be referred to as “positioning activity. ” When a UE positioning involves a reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) , the UE positioning may also be referred to as RIS based UE positioning. For example, during an RIS based UE positioning, a UE may transmit SRS to a base station via an RIS and / or receive PRS from a base station via an RIS, etc.
[0092] In some scenarios, for UL based positioning, a UE may be configured to perform UL beam management for the SRS, such as by performing beam selection for SRS based on measurement of other reference signals. For example, there may be a spatial relationship between SRS and DL-PRS, SSB, or another SRS for positioning, where the UE may perform measurement for these reference signals and select one or more beams for transmitting the SRS based on the measurement. In some examples, this spatial relationship may be configured for the UE (e.g., by the serving base station, a location server, or an LMF, etc. ) . For example, a base station or an LMF may configure the UE with a spatial relation between a reference DL RS from serving cell and the target SRS for positioning for a UE, where the reference DL RS may include SSB, CSI-RS (e.g., NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceId) , or PRS for positioning, etc. In another example, a base station or an LMF may configure the UE with a spatial relation between two SRS resources for positioning. If the spatial relationship is associated with an SSB (e.g., the SSB is used as the DL RS for the UL beam management) , the SSB may be configured to include one or more of the followings: PCI of the cell; ssbFrequency with values: ARFCN-ValueNR; halfFrameIndex with values: 0 or 1; SSB-periodicity with values: ServingCellConfigCommon IE; ssbSubcarrierSpacing with values: SubcarrierSpacing IE; SFN-SSBoffset with values: {0, 1, 2, …15} ; Smtc per SSB frequency layer with values: SSB-MTC; SFN0 Offset per physical cell ID: Time offset of the SFN0 slot0 of a given cell with respect to the serving PCell; SSB Index; SS-PBCH-BlockPower (at least when SSB is used as pathlossReferenceRS for an SRS) , or the like.
[0093] The accuracy of a UE positioning may be affected by whether the positioning entities (e.g., UEs, base stations, sidelink devices, etc. ) are in a line-of-sight (LOS) condition or in a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) condition with each other. FIG. 5A is a diagram 500 illustrating an example communication between wireless devices involving LOS and NLOS channels in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. A transmitting entity 502 (e.g., a first UE, or a first base station, etc. ) may be configured or scheduled to transmit data or reference signals (RSs) (e.g., positioning reference signals) to a receiving entity 504 (e.g., a second UE or a second base station, etc. ) . In some scenarios, as shown at 508, the data / RSs transmitted from the transmitting entity 502 may reach the receiving entity 504 directly without being obstructed by obstacle (s) . In other scenarios, as shown at 510, the data / RSs transmitted from transmitting entity 502 may reach the receiving entity 504 indirectly via reflection, refraction, and / or penetration, etc. (e.g., one or more objects 512 may obstruct or may be within the transmission path of the data) . As a signal traveling through an NLOS path / channel such as shown at 510 may reach the receiving entity 504 later and / or with a weaker power compared to a signal traveling through a LOS path / channel such as shown at 508 (e.g., a path / channel without obstructions) , the time for signals travelling via an NLOS path / channel may also be longer. As such, a calculation or an estimation of a distance between the transmitting entity 502 and the receiving entity 504 may not be accurate if the calculation or the estimation of the distance is based on NLOS measurements.
[0094] For purposes of the present disclosure, a signal / data transmission without being obstructed by obstacle (s) may be referred to as a “LOS transmission, ” a “LOS signal / data, ” a “signal / data transmitted via an LOS path / channel, ” etc., whereas a signal / data transmission that is obstructed by obstacle (s) may be referred to as an “NLOS transmission, ” an “NLOS signal / data, ” a “signal / data transmitted via an NLOS path / channel, ” etc., (e.g., signal / data transmission involving reflection, refraction, and / or penetration, etc. ) . Signal reflection may be referring to a signal transmitted from a transmitter in a signal / beam path that is bounced off from one or more objects before reaching a receiver. Signal refraction may refer to a signal that is transmitted from a transmitter in a signal / beam path and changes its direction as it passes through an obstacle (e.g., a material or a medium in which the signal is able to pass / penetrate through) before reaching a receiver. Signal penetration may refer to a signal that is transmitted from a transmitter in a signal / beam path and penetrates an object or medium before reaching a receiver.
[0095] To improve communication between wireless devices that are in an NLOS condition (or not in a LOS condition) , a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) (which may also be referred to as a “reflection intelligent surface” ) may be used by the wireless devices to assist their transmission / reception (or relaying) of signals.
[0096] An RIS may be a planar structure that is engineered / configured to have properties that enable a dynamic control of the electromagnetic waves. For example, an RIS may be a node that is capable of receiving a signal from a first wireless device (e.g., a transmitter) and then re-radiating or reflecting the signal to a second wireless device (e.g., a receiver) with controllable time-delays. In another example, the RIS may be artificial structures with engineered electromagnetic (EM) properties, which may collect wireless signals from a transmitter and passively beamform the signals towards the desired receiver.
[0097] An RIS may include a phased array without a transceiver, and an RIS may be designed based on an antenna or a metamaterial, where the RIS may be configured to reflect or re-radiate a signal to one or more directions. For example, a phase shifting control may be integrated with an antenna panel to control the phase shifting of the antenna panel. An RIS may include multiple small elements that are associated with different time-delays and thereby the RIS may be capable of synthesizing a scattering behavior of an arbitrarily-shaped object of the same size. This feature may, for instance, be used to beamform a signal towards a receiving wireless device. In some examples, an RIS may further associate with an RIS controller, where the RIS controller may control the one or more antenna arrays to receive / reflect signal towards one or more directions. In one example, the control of the RIS may be based on a set of defined control voltages, where each control voltage may correspond to a specific reflection angle (which may be referred to as a “control voltage set” ) . For example, a first control voltage set may include a first control voltage (e.g., 0.25 V) that corresponds to a first reflection angle (e.g., 30°) or a first reflection coefficient, and a second control voltage set may include a second control voltage (e.g., 0.5 V) that corresponds to a second reflection angle (e.g., 45°) or a second reflection coefficient, etc. The number of control voltage sets available for each RIS may be limited. For example, an RIS may be limited with a maximum of ten or fifteen control voltage sets (e.g., for purposes of reducing the manufacturing cost) .
[0098] An RIS controller may be able to communicate with other wireless nodes, e.g., a UE, a base station, an RSU, etc. As such, RIS may be employed to extend cellular systems coverage with negligible power consumption. In addition, RIS can be a near passive device that reflects impinging wave to a desired direction where the reflection direction is controlled by a base station. For example, in a cellular network, a network node (e.g., a base station) may control an RIS, where the network node may determine / configure one or more parameters for the RIS, such as an activation / deactivation time, a phase, beam direction (s) , and / or beamforming weights used by the RIS, etc. The base station may indicate the determined / configured parameters to one or more UEs, and a UE may use the RIS to assist its transmission and / or reception of signal with other UE (s) based at least in part on the determined / configured parameters. A communication link between the base station and the RIS may be wired or wireless. In some examples, an RIS may function as a UE (e.g., the RIS includes hardware components and / or functions of a UE) . In other examples, an RIS may be co-located or associated with a UE, such that the RIS may communicate with a base station or another UE via the UE. As an RIS may be capable of reflecting or re-radiating signals to a different direction, the RIS may be used by wireless devices to turn an NLOS path / channel to a path / channel that is close or similar to a LOS path / channel by reflecting / relaying signals transmitted between wireless devices.
[0099] As an example, based on the RTT measurement, a UE may derive the range from each gNB. FIG. 5B is a diagram 530 illustrating an example of positioning in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 5B there are three gNBs including gNB1 534A, gNB2 534B, and gNB3 534C involved in facilitating the RTT measurement, the UE may derive a first range R1 between the UE and gNB1 534A, a second range R2 between the UE and gNB2 534B, a third range R3 between the UE and gNB3 534C. Based on the gNBs’ location, the UE may construct a circle where the cross-point of all three circles may be the UE’s position 532. Based on the TDOA, difference in time of arrival (TOA) between synchronized cells provides distance estimate along an hyperbola. Multiple TDOA measurements may be used for triangulation (e.g., ≥ 4 cells) . In those types of positioning activity, a UE may quickly get its position with small latency and save the signaling. Such positioning information may be considered together with the local GPS information to provide more reliable location information. The position information is available at the UE without being available anywhere else, thus protecting the UE’s privacy. The gNB’s position may be shared with the UE, which may lead to security and privacy concerns.
[0100] FIG. 5C is a diagram 550 illustrating an example RIS 558 in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The RIS 558 may assist in positioning. In cellular network deployment, operators may adopt the repeaters / RIS for coverage extension. For example, as shown in FIG. 5C, a network node 554 may have a blockage 556 in its LOS toward a UE 552. By using the RIS 558 to reflect communications, the network node 554 may more effectively communicate with the UE 552.
[0101] FIG. 6 is a diagram 600 illustrating an example of positioning activity while RIS is ON or OFF in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. In a first scenario 600A, the RIS 608 may be ON and may provide one additional NLOS path for a path for PRS resource 1 606 from the network node 604 to the UE 602, based on the RIS 608’s reflection. In a second scenario 600B, the RIS 608 may be OFF and the PRS resource 2 616 from the network node 604 to the UE 602 may arrive at the UE 602 based on LOS path. In either situation, the UE 602 may report information related to multipath and timestamp of the PRS to the network node 604. Therefore, an LMF may be able to know the PRS resource that corresponds to each different RIS state (ON or OFF) and may associate the UE multipath report to the RIS ON / OFF channel profile, which may be further used for positioning. For example, the LMF may associate the LOS path with an OFF state and may associate the NLOS path with the ON state.
[0102] In some wireless communication systems, in UE-based positioning, positions of one or more of gNB, RIS, or TRP may be shared with the UE to enable the positioning. In some scenarios or regions, there may be a privacy concern or regulation about sharing such information. For example, operators of networks may have concern about revealing positions of gNB, RIS, or TRP with the UE. Aspects presented herein may enable a UE to achieve a high accuracy positioning without knowing the locations of network nodes, such as gNB, RIS, or TRP. Aspects presented herein may enable a UE to perform positioning based on location of virtual anchor (s) that may be controllable and dynamic. The network may provide measurements, reference signals, assistance data or correction data to the UE based on the location (s) of the virtual anchor (s) without disclosing the actual locations of network node (s) . Because the position of the virtual anchor (s) are not real locations, the UE can’t derive the real physical position of RIS / repeater / gNB. Instead of disclosing both the RIS or gNB location, the virtual anchor locations are signaled in the assistance data and the assistance data may not include RIS or gNB location. The UE may not be aware of and may be unable to derive the RIS or gNB location, and the UE may still be able to perform positioning activity. The gNB may configure locations of the virtual anchor (s) to enable UE-based positioning. As used herein, the term “a configuration for positioning information related to at least one virtual anchor” refers to a configuration to enable a UE to know the locations of the virtual anchor (s) . As used herein, the term “virtual anchor” refers to a virtual entity that has a location where the gNB may configure the UE to know and may configure or communicate measurements, reference signals, assistance data or correction data based on the location of the virtual anchor. In some aspects, a virtual anchor may not have a location that is the same as an actual location of any network node.
[0103] FIG. 7 is a diagram 700 illustrating an example of a virtual anchor in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. As illustrated in FIG. 7, to enable positioning activity at the UE 702, the network node 704 (which may be referred to as a “real anchor” ) may transmit PRS 710 which may be reflected by the RIS 708 into signal 712, to the UE 702. The network node 704 may configure the location of the virtual anchor 706 for the UE 702. Because the PRS 710 is already reflected, from the perspective of the UE 702, LOS path 714 associated with the signal 712 can be determined based on the location of the virtual anchor 706 instead of the location of the network node 704. From the UE 702’s side, the signal 712 can be treated as the signal transmitted from the virtual anchor 706 within the LOS path 714, when virtual anchor’s position being shared with the UE 702 (e.g., based on a configuration) .
[0104] In some aspects, instead of disclosing both the RIS and gNB location, the network may signal the virtual anchor location (s) in assistance data, such as in assistance information information element (IE) without including the actual locations of network node (s) , such as gNB, RIS, or the like. The virtual anchor location is dynamic and controllable. For example, by adjusting a direction of reflection of an RIS, the network node may be able to adjust a location of the virtual anchor. In some aspects, in UE-based positioning, a position of a gNB / RIS / TRP / repeater may be shared with a UE, which may be retained by the UE. This may raise privacy concerns among operators and vendors. In one embodiment, aspects presented herein propose a virtual anchor-based solution for UE positioning. The virtual position may not be a real position, and the UE may not derive the real physical position of the RIS / repeater / gNB. First, instead of disclosing both the RIS location and the gNB location, solely the virtual anchor locations may be signaled in assistance data. Second, the gNB (e.g., LMF) may configure the locations of such virtual anchor positions to enable UE-based positioning.
[0105] FIG. 8 is a diagram 800 illustrating an example of multiple virtual anchors and multiple RISs in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. As illustrated in FIG. 8, the network node 804 may transmit a first PRS 810A to a first RIS 808A and transmit a second PRS 810B to a second RIS 808B. The first PRS 810A may be reflected by the RIS 808A in signal 812A to the UE 802. The second PRS 810B may be reflected by the RIS 808B in signal 812B to the UE 802. The direction of reflection (e.g., based on the reflection beam of the RIS) of the RIS 808A and the RIS 808B may be controlled by the network node 804 so that the network node 804 may be able to control locations of the virtual anchor 806A and the virtual anchor 806B.
[0106] From the UE’s point of view, such signal originated from gNB and reflected by RIS reflection may be equivalent to one virtual anchor with a same propagation delay FIG. 9 is a diagram 900 illustrating an example of locations of virtual anchor, real anchor, RIS, and the reception in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The real anchor 904 may be the network node that transmit a PRS to the RIS 908, which may be a reflection point where the direction of reflection is controlled by the network node. The UE 902 may receive the PRS and a propagation delay with respect to the PRS may be the same with respect to the virtual anchor 906 and the actual propagation delay from the real anchor 904. In such a configuration, the real anchor 904 and the virtual anchor 906 may be located at a same circle 910 where the reflection point (location of the RIS 908) is the center of the circle. The network node may be aware of location of the reflection point, direction of the Tx beam, direction of the reflected beam (which is controlled by the network node) , the RIS’s location, and the network node’s position, and may derive the position of the virtual anchor based on this information. For example, if a real anchor position is (x, y) , a virtual anchor may be (R* (1-cosθ) +x, R*sinθ+y) , where θ is an angle between the direction of the Tx beam and direction of the reflected beam and R is the radius of the circle 910, which is based on a distance between the network node’s position (e.g., 904) and the RIS’s position (e.g., 908) .
[0107] From the UE’s perspective, the UE may not be aware of the actual location of the network node or the RIS. FIG. 10 is a diagram 1000 illustrating an example of virtual anchors from the perspective of the UE in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. As illustrated in FIG. 10, the UE 1002 is aware of the location (s) of the virtual anchor 1006A and the virtual anchor 1006B, without knowing actual locations of the network node or the RISs. In the entire positioning activity, the UE may not know the real physical gNB / RIS position, which can avoid the privacy leakage. In addition, the RIS may be controlled by the network (e.g., controlled by gNB / LMF) and may dynamically change the reflection beams, which may be mapped to different virtual anchors of different locations.
[0108] In some aspects, the network, such as the gNB or the LMF, may configure locations of virtual anchors to enable UE-based positioning based on an IE PositionCalculationAssistance (e.g., as an element in the PositionCalculationAssistance IE) , in a separate assistance information for virtual anchors which may include the location of each virtual anchor, the ID of each virtual anchor, and the associated real anchor ID (multiple virtual anchors may be associated one real anchor) . In some aspects, the configured PRS may be associated with virtual anchor ID besides TRP ID and RIS ID. In some aspects, one PRS (beam) may be associated to one or more virtual anchor IDs. Each PRS (beam) may correspond to the same physical anchor and multiple virtual anchors. In some aspects, for one network node (real anchor) , the virtual anchor index may be determined based on the reflected beam index.
[0109] An example of the IE PositionCalculationAssistance that includes the virtual anchor location is shown below:
[0110] NR-PositionCalculationAssistance
[0111] {…..
[0112] Virtual_anchor_ID,
[0113] Virtual_anchor_location,
[0114] ….}
[0115] An example of the a PRS that is associated with virtual anchor ID besides TRP ID and RIS ID is shown below:
[0116] PRS1:
[0117] {TRP ID,
[0118] RIS ID,
[0119] Virtual anchor ID_1,
[0120] Virtual anchor ID_2, …. }
[0121] FIG. 11 is a diagram 1100 illustrating an example of where multiple virtual anchors are associated with a same RIS in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. As illustrated in FIG. 11, the network node 1104 may transmit a PRS 1110 to the RIS 1108 so that the RIS 1108 may reflect the PRS 1110 to the UE 1102. Virtual anchor 1106A, virtual anchor 1106B, and virtual anchor 1106C may be mapped to different reflection direction of the RIS 1108, which may be controlled by the network node 1104. Based on a first reflection direction, the PRS 1110 may be reflected into signal 1112A and the corresponding virtual anchor may be virtual anchor 1106A. Based on a second reflection direction, the PRS 1110 may be reflected into signal 1112B and the corresponding virtual anchor may be virtual anchor 1106B. Based on a third reflection direction, the PRS 1110 may be reflected into signal 1112C and the corresponding virtual anchor may be virtual anchor 1106C.
[0122] In some aspects, a time compensation tδ of the propagation delay may be added, which may enable the virtual anchor and the real anchor to be not on the same circle where a center of the circle is the reflection point. For example, virtual anchor and real anchor may be at the same line, and the time compensation may be tδ = t(virtual, Ris) -t (real, Ris) . If the virtual anchor and real anchor are on a same circle where a center of the circle is the reflection point, the time compensation may be zero. Based on the time compensation tδ, the location of the virtual anchor may be more flexible.
[0123] FIG. 12 is a diagram 1200 illustrating an example of virtual anchor 1206, real anchor 1204, RIS 1208, and the UE 1202 in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. As illustrated in FIG. 12, the location of the virtual anchor 1206 and the location of the real anchor 1204 are not on a same circle 1210 where a center of the circle is the reflection point (e.g., location of the RIS 1208) . Therefore, the time compensation tδ may be used.
[0124] In some aspects, a network entity, such as a gNB or an LMF, may configure the value of the time compensation tδ to the UE. In some aspects, if the virtual anchor is set in the circle same as real anchor, tδ=0. In some aspects, there is one specific tδ for each specific virtual anchor. If the tδ is not configured, the value may be set (e.g., by the UE) as default value (e.g., zero) .
[0125] In some aspects, to enable UE based positioning, the assistance data relative time difference (RTD) -info may be signaled to the UE. The assistance data may include information regarding RTD, which is the relative time difference between a TRP i and a TRP j, defined as tj-ti, where ti and tj are defined as the time when TRP i and TRP j transmit the start of one frame respectively. In some aspects, in the UE, with the configured tδ and RTD, the relative time difference may be updated as RTD= (tj-ti) + (tδ, j-tδ, i) . In some aspects, a network entity (e.g., real anchor) , such as a gNB or an LMF, may update the RTD based on (tj-ti) + (tδ, j-tδ, i) , and configures the updated RTD to the UE, instead of signaling tδ.
[0126] FIG. 13 is a diagram 1300 illustrating example communications between a network entity 1304 and a UE 1302 in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The network entity 1304 may control a RIS 1308, so that a location of a virtual anchor 1306 associated with the RIS 1308 may be adjustable by adjusting the reflection direction of the RIS 1308 or by adjusting a time propagation compensation. In some aspects, the network entity 1304 may transmit a configuration 1312 for positioning information related to at least one virtual anchor (e.g., 1306) associated with a device (e.g., the RIS 1308) controlled by the network entity 1304 to the UE 1302. The network entity 1304 may also transmit time compensation information 1314 to the UE 1302, which may include tδ or the updated RTD. The network entity 1304 may transmit PRS 1316 based on the location of the virtual anchor 1306. The UE 1302 may perform a UE-based positioning activity based on the positioning information related to the at least one virtual anchor at 1318 and transmit an indication 1320 of the performed UE-based positioning activity.
[0127] FIG. 14 is a diagram 1400 illustrating example communications between a network entity 1404 and a UE 1402 in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. As illustrated in FIG. 14, in some aspects, the network entity 1404 may transmit a RTD configuration 1406 and tδ configuration 1408 so that the UE may update the RTD to be (tj-ti) + (tδ, j-tδ, i) at 1409, based on the RTD configuration 1406 and the tδ configuration 1408. In some aspects, the network entity 1404 may directly update the RTD to be (tj-ti) + (tδ, j-tδ, i) at 1412 and transmit the updated RTD 1414 to the UE 1402.
[0128] FIG. 15 is a flowchart 1500 of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a UE (e.g., the UE 104, the UE 552, the UE 602, the UE 702, the UE 802, the UE 902, the UE 1002, the UE 1102, the UE 1202, the UE 1302, the UE 1402; the apparatus 1904) .
[0129] At 1502, the UE may receive, from a network node, a configuration for positioning information related to at least one virtual anchor associated with a device controlled by the network node. For example, the UE 1302 may receive, from a network node (e.g., 1304) , a configuration (e.g., 1312) for positioning information related to at least one virtual anchor (e.g., 1306) associated with a device (e.g., 1308) controlled by the network node. In some aspects, 1502 may be performed by positioning component 198.
[0130] At 1504, the UE may perform a UE-based positioning activity based on the positioning information related to the at least one virtual anchor. For example, the UE 1302 may perform a UE-based positioning activity (e.g., at 1318) based on the positioning information related to the at least one virtual anchor. In some aspects, 1504 may be performed by positioning component 198.
[0131] FIG. 16 is a flowchart 1600 of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a UE (e.g., the UE 104, the UE 552, the UE 602, the UE 702, the UE 802, the UE 902, the UE 1002, the UE 1102, the UE 1202, the UE 1302, the UE 1402; the apparatus 1904) .
[0132] At 1602, the UE may receive, from a network node, a configuration for positioning information related to at least one virtual anchor associated with a device controlled by the network node. For example, the UE 1302 may receive, from a network node (e.g., 1304) , a configuration (e.g., 1312) for positioning information related to at least one virtual anchor (e.g., 1306) associated with a device (e.g., 1308) controlled by the network node. In some aspects, 1602 may be performed by positioning component 198. In some aspects, the configuration is included in a single position calculation assistance information IE, where the calculation assistance information IE includes position information for each virtual anchor of the at least one virtual anchor. In some aspects, the configuration is included in multiple assistance information IEs, and where each assistance information IE of the multiple assistance information IEs includes position information related to one particular virtual anchor of the at least one virtual anchor. In some aspects, each assistance information IE of the multiple assistance information IEs includes at least one of a location related to the one particular virtual anchor of the at least one virtual anchor, an ID related to the one particular virtual anchor of the at least one virtual anchor, or an ID associated with the device. In some aspects, each virtual anchor of the at least one virtual anchor is within a circle of a defined area associated with the device, where the device is a RIS, and where a center of the circle is a reflection point of the RIS. In some aspects, the device is a RIS, and where the position information related to the virtual anchor is based on at least one of a reflection point associated with the RIS, a transmit beam associated with the network node, a reflected beam associated with the RIS, a first position associated with the RIS, or a second position associated with the network node.
[0133] At 1604, the UE may receive, from the network node via the device, at least one PRS. For example, the UE 1302 may receive, from the network node (e.g., 1304) via the device (e.g., 1308) , at least one PRS (e.g., 1316) . In some aspects, 1604 may be performed by positioning component 198. In some aspects, the device is a RIS, where the UE is not configured with a first position associated with the RIS or a second position associated with the network node, and where the UE is unaware of the first position associated with the RIS or the second position associated with the network node. In some aspects, each of the at least one PRS is associated with at least one virtual anchor ID associated with the at least one virtual anchor and at least one device ID associated with the device, and where the at least one PRS corresponds to at least one beam associated with the device.
[0134] In some aspects, each virtual anchor of the at least one virtual anchor is associated with a respective time compensation to compensate for a respective propagation delay. At 1605, the UE may receive information regarding time compensation. For example, the UE 1302 may receive information regarding time compensation (e.g., 1314) . In some aspects, 1605 may be performed by positioning component 198. In some aspects, as part of 1605, the UE may receive the respective time compensation from the network node. In some aspects, as part of 1605, the UE may receive a RTD between the network node and the device and between a first time compensation and a second time compensation. In some aspects, as part of 1605, the UE may receive RTD assistance data calculated based on a first relative time difference between the network node and the device and a second relative time difference between a first time compensation and a second time compensation.
[0135] At 1606, the UE may perform a UE-based positioning activity based on the positioning information related to the at least one virtual anchor. For example, the UE 1302 may perform a UE-based positioning activity (e.g., at 1318) based on the positioning information related to the at least one virtual anchor. In some aspects, 1606 may be performed by positioning component 198. In some aspects, the at least one virtual anchor includes a first virtual anchor and a second virtual anchor, and where to perform the UE-based positioning activity based on the positioning information related to the at least one virtual anchor, the UE may perform the UE-based positioning activity based on the positioning information related to the first virtual anchor and the second virtual anchor. In some aspects, to perform the UE-based positioning activity based on the positioning information related to the at least one virtual anchor, the UE may perform the UE-based positioning activity based on the at least one PRS. In some aspects, the at least one virtual anchor includes a first virtual anchor and a second virtual anchor, and a first location associated with the first virtual anchor and a second location associated with the second virtual anchor are controllable by the network node by adjusting a reflection direction associated with the device.
[0136] At 1608, the UE may transmit an indication of the performed UE-based positioning activity based on the positioning information related to the at least one virtual anchor. For example, the UE 1302 may transmit an indication (e.g., 1320) of the performed UE-based positioning activity based on the positioning information related to the at least one virtual anchor. In some aspects, 1608 may be performed by positioning component 198.
[0137] FIG. 17 is a flowchart 1700 of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a network entity (e.g., the base station 102, the network node 554, the network node 604, the network node 704, the network node 804, the real anchor 904, the network node 1104, the real anchor 1204, the network entity 1304, the network entity 1404, the network entity 1902, the network entity 2002) .
[0138] At 1702, the network entity may transmit, for a UE, a configuration for positioning information related to at least one virtual anchor associated with a device controlled by the network node. For example, the network entity 1304 may transmit, for a UE 1302, a configuration (e.g., 1312) for positioning information related to at least one virtual anchor associated with a device controlled by the network node. In some aspects, 1702 may be performed by positioning component 199.
[0139] At 1704, the network entity may transmit, for the UE, at least one PRS to facilitate a UE-based positioning activity based on the positioning information related to the at least one virtual anchor. For example, the network entity 1304 may transmit, for the UE 1302, at least one PRS (e.g., 1316) to facilitate a UE-based positioning activity based on the positioning information related to the at least one virtual anchor. In some aspects, 1704 may be performed by positioning component 199.
[0140] FIG. 18 is a flowchart 1800 of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a network entity (e.g., the base station 102, the network node 554, the network node 604, the network node 704, the network node 804, the real anchor 904, the network node 1104, the real anchor 1204, the network entity 1304, the network entity 1404, the network entity 1902, the network entity 2002) .
[0141] At 1802, the network entity may transmit, for a UE, a configuration for positioning information related to at least one virtual anchor associated with a device controlled by the network node. For example, the network entity 1304 may transmit, for a UE 1302, a configuration (e.g., 1312) for positioning information related to at least one virtual anchor associated with a device controlled by the network node. In some aspects, 1802 may be performed by positioning component 199. In some aspects, the configuration is included in a single position calculation assistance information IE, where the calculation assistance information IE includes position information for each virtual anchor of the at least one virtual anchor. In some aspects, the configuration is included in multiple assistance information IEs, and where each assistance information IE of the multiple assistance information IEs includes position information related to one particular virtual anchor of the at least one virtual anchor. In some aspects, each assistance information IE of the multiple assistance information IEs includes at least one of a location related to the one particular virtual anchor of the at least one virtual anchor, an ID related to the one particular virtual anchor of the at least one virtual anchor, or an ID associated with the device. In some aspects, each virtual anchor of the at least one virtual anchor is within a circle of a defined area associated with the device, where the device is a RIS, and where a center of the circle is a reflection point of the RIS. In some aspects, the device is a RIS, and where the position information related to the virtual anchor is based on at least one of a reflection point associated with the RIS, a transmit beam associated with the network node, a reflected beam associated with the RIS, a first position associated with the RIS, or a second position associated with the network node.
[0142] At 1804, the network entity may transmit, for the UE, at least one PRS to facilitate a UE-based positioning activity based on the positioning information related to the at least one virtual anchor. For example, the network entity 1304 may transmit, for the UE 1302, at least one PRS (e.g., 1316) to facilitate a UE-based positioning activity based on the positioning information related to the at least one virtual anchor. In some aspects, 1804 may be performed by positioning component 199. In some aspects, the device is a RIS, where the UE is not configured with a first position associated with the RIS or a second position associated with the network node, and where the UE is unaware of the first position associated with the RIS or the second position associated with the network node. In some aspects, each of the at least one PRS is associated with at least one virtual anchor ID associated with the at least one virtual anchor and at least one device ID associated with the device, and where the at least one PRS corresponds to at least one beam associated with the device.
[0143] In some aspects, each virtual anchor of the at least one virtual anchor is associated with a respective time compensation to compensate for a respective propagation delay. At 1806, the network entity may transmit information regarding time compensation. For example, the network entity 1304 may transmit information regarding time compensation (e.g., 1314) . In some aspects, 1806 may be performed by positioning component 199. In some aspects, as part of 1806, the network entity may transmit the respective time compensation. In some aspects, as part of 1806, the network entity may transmit a RTD between the network node and the device and between a first time compensation and a second time compensation. In some aspects, as part of 1806, the network entity may transmit RTD assistance data calculated based on a first relative time difference between the network node and the device and a second relative time difference between a first time compensation and a second time compensation. In some aspects, the at least one virtual anchor includes a first virtual anchor and a second virtual anchor, and a first location associated with the first virtual anchor and a second location associated with the second virtual anchor are controllable by the network node by adjusting a reflection direction associated with the device.
[0144] At 1808, the network entity may receive an indication of a performed UE-based positioning activity based on the positioning information related to the at least one virtual anchor. For example, the network entity 1304 may receive an indication (e.g., 1320) of a performed UE-based positioning activity based on the positioning information related to the at least one virtual anchor. In some aspects, 1808 may be performed by positioning component 199.
[0145] FIG. 19 is a diagram 1900 illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus 1904. The apparatus 1904 may be a UE, a component of a UE, or may implement UE functionality. In some aspects, the apparatus 1904 may include at least one cellular baseband processor 1924 (also referred to as a modem) coupled to one or more transceivers 1922 (e.g., cellular RF transceiver) . The cellular baseband processor (s) 1924 may include at least one on-chip memory 1924'. In some aspects, the apparatus 1904 may further include one or more subscriber identity modules (SIM) cards 1920 and at least one application processor 1906 coupled to a secure digital (SD) card 1908 and a screen 1910. The application processor (s) 1906 may include on-chip memory 1906'. In some aspects, the apparatus 1904 may further include a Bluetooth module 1912, a WLAN module 1914, an SPS module 1916 (e.g., GNSS module) , one or more sensor modules 1918 (e.g., barometric pressure sensor / altimeter; motion sensor such as inertial measurement unit (IMU) , gyroscope, and / or accelerometer (s) ; light detection and ranging (LIDAR) , radio assisted detection and ranging (RADAR) , sound navigation and ranging (SONAR) , magnetometer, audio and / or other technologies used for positioning) , additional memory modules 1926, a power supply 1930, and / or a camera 1932. The Bluetooth module 1912, the WLAN module 1914, and the SPS module 1916 may include an on-chip transceiver (TRX) (or in some cases, just a receiver (RX) ) . The Bluetooth module 1912, the WLAN module 1914, and the SPS module 1916 may include their own dedicated antennas and / or utilize the antennas 1980 for communication. The cellular baseband processor (s) 1924 communicates through the transceiver (s) 1922 via one or more antennas 1980 with the UE 104 and / or with an RU associated with a network entity 1902. The cellular baseband processor (s) 1924 and the application processor (s) 1906 may each include a computer-readable medium / memory 1924', 1906', respectively. The additional memory modules 1926 may also be considered a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory 1924', 1906', 1926 may be non-transitory. The cellular baseband processor (s) 1924 and the application processor (s) 1906 are each responsible for general processing, including the execution of software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. The software, when executed by the cellular baseband processor (s) 1924 / application processor (s) 1906, causes the cellular baseband processor (s) 1924 / application processor (s) 1906 to perform the various functions described supra. The computer-readable medium / memory may also be used for storing data that is manipulated by the cellular baseband processor (s) 1924 / application processor (s) 1906 when executing software. The cellular baseband processor (s) 1924 / application processor (s) 1906 may be a component of the UE 350 and may include the at least one memory 360 and / or at least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. In one configuration, the apparatus 1904 may be at least one processor chip (modem and / or application) and include just the cellular baseband processor (s) 1924 and / or the application processor (s) 1906, and in another configuration, the apparatus 1904 may be the entire UE (e.g., see UE 350 of FIG. 3) and include the additional modules of the apparatus 1904.
[0146] As discussed supra, the positioning component 198 may be configured to receive, from a network node, a configuration for positioning information related to at least one virtual anchor associated with a device controlled by the network node. In some aspects, the positioning component 198 may be further configured to perform a UE-based positioning activity based on the positioning information related to the at least one virtual anchor. The positioning component 198 may be within the cellular baseband processor (s) 1924, the application processor (s) 1906, or both the cellular baseband processor (s) 1924 and the application processor (s) 1906. The component 198 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to carry out the stated processes / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the stated processes / algorithm, stored within a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. When multiple processors are implemented, the multiple processors may perform the stated processes / algorithm individually or in combination. As shown, the apparatus 1904 may include a variety of components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the apparatus 1904, and in particular the cellular baseband processor (s) 1924 and / or the application processor (s) 1906, may include means for receiving, from a network node, a configuration for positioning information related to at least one virtual anchor associated with a device controlled by the network node. In some aspects, the apparatus 1904 may include means for performing a UE-based positioning activity based on the positioning information related to the at least one virtual anchor. In some aspects, the apparatus 1904 may include means for performing the UE-based positioning activity based on the positioning information related to the first virtual anchor and the second virtual anchor. In some aspects, the apparatus 1904 may include means for receiving, from the network node via the device, at least one PRS. In some aspects, the apparatus 1904 may include means for performing the UE-based positioning activity based on the at least one PRS. In some aspects, the apparatus 1904 may include means for receiving the respective time compensation from the network node. In some aspects, the apparatus 1904 may include means for receiving a RTD between the network node and the device and between a first time compensation and a second time compensation. In some aspects, the apparatus 1904 may include means for receiving RTD assistance data calculated based on a first relative time difference between the network node and the device and a second relative time difference between a first time compensation and a second time compensation. In some aspects, the apparatus 1904 may include means for transmitting an indication of the performed UE-based positioning activity based on the positioning information related to the at least one virtual anchor. The means may be the component 198 of the apparatus 1904 configured to perform the functions recited by the means. As described supra, the apparatus 1904 may include the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. As such, in one configuration, the means may be the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and / or the controller / processor 359 configured to perform the functions recited by the means.
[0147] FIG. 20 is a diagram 2000 illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for a network entity 2002. The network entity 2002 may be a BS, a component of a BS, or may implement BS functionality. The network entity 2002 may include at least one of a CU 2010, a DU 2030, or an RU 2040. For example, depending on the layer functionality handled by the component 199, the network entity 2002 may include the CU 2010; both the CU 2010 and the DU 2030; each of the CU 2010, the DU 2030, and the RU 2040; the DU 2030; both the DU 2030 and the RU 2040; or the RU 2040. The CU 2010 may include at least one CU processor 2012. The CU processor (s) 2012 may include on-chip memory 2012'. In some aspects, the CU 2010 may further include additional memory modules 2014 and a communications interface 2018. The CU 2010 communicates with the DU 2030 through a midhaul link, such as an F1 interface. The DU 2030 may include at least one DU processor 2032. The DU processor (s) 2032 may include on-chip memory 2032'. In some aspects, the DU 2030 may further include additional memory modules 2034 and a communications interface 2038. The DU 2030 communicates with the RU 2040 through a fronthaul link. The RU 2040 may include at least one RU processor 2042. The RU processor (s) 2042 may include on-chip memory 2042'. In some aspects, the RU 2040 may further include additional memory modules 2044, one or more transceivers 2046, antennas 2080, and a communications interface 2048. The RU 2040 communicates with the UE 104. The on-chip memory 2012', 2032', 2042' and the additional memory modules 2014, 2034, 2044 may each be considered a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory may be non-transitory. Each of the processors 2012, 2032, 2042 is responsible for general processing, including the execution of software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. The software, when executed by the corresponding processor (s) causes the processor (s) to perform the various functions described supra. The computer-readable medium / memory may also be used for storing data that is manipulated by the processor (s) when executing software.
[0148] As discussed supra, the positioning component 199 may be configured to transmit, for a UE, a configuration for positioning information related to at least one virtual anchor associated with a device controlled by the network node. In some aspects, the positioning component 199 may be further configured to transmit, for the UE, at least one PRS to facilitate a UE-based positioning activity based on the positioning information related to the at least one virtual anchor. The positioning component 199 may be within one or more processors of one or more of the CU 2010, DU 2030, and the RU 2040. The component 199 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to carry out the stated processes / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the stated processes / algorithm, stored within a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. When multiple processors are implemented, the multiple processors may perform the stated processes / algorithm individually or in combination. The network entity 2002 may include a variety of components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the network entity 2002 may include means for transmitting, for a UE, a configuration for positioning information related to at least one virtual anchor associated with a device controlled by the network node. In some aspects, the network entity 2002 may include means for transmitting, for the UE, at least one PRS to facilitate a UE-based positioning activity based on the positioning information related to the at least one virtual anchor. In some aspects, the network entity 2002 may include means for transmitting the respective time compensation. In some aspects, the network entity 2002 may include means for transmitting a RTD between the network node and the device and between a first time compensation and a second time compensation. In some aspects, the network entity 2002 may include means for transmitting a RTD between the network node and the device and between a first time compensation and a second time compensation. In some aspects, the network entity 2002 may include means for transmitting RTD assistance data calculated based on a first relative time difference between the network node and the device and a second relative time difference between a first time compensation and a second time compensation. In some aspects, the network entity 2002 may include means for receiving an indication of a performed UE-based positioning activity based on the positioning information related to the at least one virtual anchor. The means may be the component 199 of the network entity 2002 configured to perform the functions recited by the means. As described supra, the network entity 2002 may include the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375. As such, in one configuration, the means may be the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and / or the controller / processor 375 configured to perform the functions recited by the means.
[0149] It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the processes / flowcharts disclosed is an illustration of example approaches. Based upon design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the processes / flowcharts may be rearranged. Further, some blocks may be combined or omitted. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various blocks in a sample order, and are not limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.
[0150] The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not limited to the aspects described herein, but are to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language claims. Reference to an element in the singular does not mean “one and only one” unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more. ” Terms such as “if, ” “when, ” and “while” do not imply an immediate temporal relationship or reaction. That is, these phrases, e.g., “when, ” do not imply an immediate action in response to or during the occurrence of an action, but simply imply that if a condition is met then an action will occur, but without requiring a specific or immediate time constraint for the action to occur. The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration. ” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. Combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C, ” “one or more of A, B, or C, ” “at least one of A, B, and C, ” “one or more of A, B, and C, ” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” include any combination of A, B, and / or C, and may include multiples of A, multiples of B, or multiples of C. Specifically, combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C, ” “one or more of A, B, or C, ” “at least one of A, B, and C, ” “one or more of A, B, and C, ” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” may be A only, B only, C only, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any such combinations may contain one or more member or members of A, B, or C. Sets should be interpreted as a set of elements where the elements number one or more. Accordingly, for a set of X, X would include one or more elements. When at least one processor is configured to perform a set of functions, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to perform the set of functions. Accordingly, each processor of the at least one processor may be configured to perform a particular subset of the set of functions, where the subset is the full set, a proper subset of the set, or an empty subset of the set. If a first apparatus receives data from or transmits data to a second apparatus, the data may be received / transmitted directly between the first and second apparatuses, or indirectly between the first and second apparatuses through a set of apparatuses. A device configured to “output” data, such as a transmission, signal, or message, may transmit the data, for example with a transceiver, or may send the data to a device that transmits the data. A device configured to “obtain” data, such as a transmission, signal, or message, may receive, for example with a transceiver, or may obtain the data from a device that receives the data. Information stored in a memory includes instructions and / or data. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims. The words “module, ” “mechanism, ” “element, ” “device, ” and the like may not be a substitute for the word “means. ” As such, no claim element is to be construed as a means plus function unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for. ”
[0151] As used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, or the like. In other words, the phrase “based on A” (where “A” may be information, a condition, a factor, or the like) shall be construed as “based at least on A” unless specifically recited differently.
[0152] The following aspects are illustrative only and may be combined with other aspects or teachings described herein, without limitation.
[0153] Aspect 1 is a method for wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) , including: receiving, from a network node, a configuration for positioning information related to at least one virtual anchor associated with a device controlled by the network node; and performing a UE-based positioning activity based on the positioning information related to the at least one virtual anchor.
[0154] Aspect 2 is the method of aspect 1, where the at least one virtual anchor includes a first virtual anchor and a second virtual anchor, and where performing the UE-based positioning activity based on the positioning information related to the at least one virtual anchor further includes: performing the UE-based positioning activity based on the positioning information related to the first virtual anchor and the second virtual anchor.
[0155] Aspect 3 is the method of any of aspects 1-2, where the device is a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , and where the position information related to the virtual anchor is based on at least one of: a reflection point associated with the RIS, a transmit beam associated with the network node, a reflected beam associated with the RIS, a first position associated with the RIS, or a second position associated with the network node.
[0156] Aspect 4 is the method of any of aspects 1-3, where the device is a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , where the UE is not configured with a first position associated with the RIS or a second position associated with the network node, and where the UE is unaware of the first position associated with the RIS or the second position associated with the network node.
[0157] Aspect 5 is the method of any of aspects 1-4, where the configuration is included in a single position calculation assistance information information element (IE) , where the calculation assistance information IE includes position information for each virtual anchor of the at least one virtual anchor.
[0158] Aspect 6 is the method of any of aspects 1-6, where the configuration is included in multiple assistance information information elements (IEs) , and where each assistance information IE of the multiple assistance information IEs includes position information related to one particular virtual anchor of the at least one virtual anchor.
[0159] Aspect 7 is the method of aspect 6, where each assistance information IE of the multiple assistance information IEs includes at least one of a location related to the one particular virtual anchor of the at least one virtual anchor, an identifier (ID) related to the one particular virtual anchor of the at least one virtual anchor, or an ID associated with the device.
[0160] Aspect 8 is the method of any of aspects 1, where the method further includes: receiving, from the network node via the device, at least one positioning reference signal (PRS) , and where performing the UE-based positioning activity based on the positioning information related to the at least one virtual anchor further includes performing the UE-based positioning activity based on the at least one PRS.
[0161] Aspect 9 is the method of aspect 8, where each of the at least one PRS is associated with at least one virtual anchor identifier (ID) associated with the at least one virtual anchor and at least one device ID associated with the device, and where the at least one PRS corresponds to at least one beam associated with the device.
[0162] Aspect 10 is the method of any of aspects 1-9, where each virtual anchor of the at least one virtual anchor is within a circle of a defined area associated with the device, where the device is a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , and where a center of the circle is a reflection point of the RIS.
[0163] Aspect 11 is the method of any of aspects 1-10, where each virtual anchor of the at least one virtual anchor is associated with a respective time compensation to compensate for a respective propagation delay, and where the method further includes receiving the respective time compensation from the network node.
[0164] Aspect 12 is the method of aspect 11, where receiving the respective time compensation from the network node further includes: receiving a relative time difference (RTD) between the network node and the device and between a first time compensation and a second time compensation.
[0165] Aspect 13 is the method of aspect 11, where receiving the respective time compensation from the network node further includes: receiving relative time difference (RTD) assistance data calculated based on a first relative time difference between the network node and the device and a second relative time difference between a first time compensation and a second time compensation.
[0166] Aspect 14 is the method of any of aspects 1-13, where the method further includes: transmitting an indication of the performed UE-based positioning activity based on the positioning information related to the at least one virtual anchor.
[0167] Aspect 15 is a method for wireless communication performed by a network node, including: transmitting, for a user equipment (UE) , a configuration for positioning information related to at least one virtual anchor associated with a device controlled by the network node; and transmitting, for the UE, at least one positioning reference signal (PRS) to facilitate a UE-based positioning activity based on the positioning information related to the at least one virtual anchor.
[0168] Aspect 16 is the method of aspect 15, where the at least one virtual anchor includes a first virtual anchor and a second virtual anchor, and where a first location associated with the first virtual anchor and a second location associated with the second virtual anchor are controllable by the network node by adjusting a reflection direction associated with the device.
[0169] Aspect 17 is the method of any of aspects 15-16, where the device is a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , and where the position information related to the virtual anchor is based on at least one of: a reflection point associated with the RIS, a transmit beam associated with the network node, a reflected beam associated with the RIS, a first position associated with the RIS, or a second position associated with the network node.
[0170] Aspect 18 is the method of any of aspects 15-17, where the device is a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , where the UE is not configured with a first position associated with the RIS or a second position associated with the network node, and where the UE is unaware of the first position associated with the RIS or the second position associated with the network node.
[0171] Aspect 19 is the method of any of aspects 15-18, where the configuration is included in a single position calculation assistance information information element (IE) , where the calculation assistance information IE includes position information for each virtual anchor of the at least one virtual anchor.
[0172] Aspect 20 is the method of any of aspects 15-19, where the configuration is included in multiple assistance information information elements (IEs) , and where each assistance information IE of the multiple assistance information IEs includes position information related to one particular virtual anchor of the at least one virtual anchor.
[0173] Aspect 21 is the method of aspect 20, where each assistance information IE of the multiple assistance information IEs includes at least one of a location related to the one particular virtual anchor of the at least one virtual anchor, an identifier (ID) related to the one particular virtual anchor of the at least one virtual anchor, or an ID associated with the device.
[0174] Aspect 22 is the method of any of aspects 15-21, where each of the at least one PRS is associated with at least one virtual anchor identifier (ID) associated with the at least one virtual anchor and at least one device ID associated with the device, and where the at least one PRS corresponds to at least one beam associated with the device.
[0175] Aspect 23 is the method of any of aspects 15-22, where each virtual anchor of the at least one virtual anchor is within a circle of a defined area associated with the device, where the device is a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , and where a center of the circle is a reflection point of the RIS.
[0176] Aspect 24 is the method of any of aspects 15-23, where each virtual anchor of the at least one virtual anchor is associated with a respective time compensation to compensate for a respective propagation delay, and further including: transmitting the respective time compensation.
[0177] Aspect 25 is the method of aspect 24, where transmitting the respective time compensation from the network node further includes: transmitting a relative time difference (RTD) between the network node and the device and between a first time compensation and a second time compensation.
[0178] Aspect 26 is the method of aspect 24, where transmitting the respective time compensation from the network node, further includes: transmitting relative time difference (RTD) assistance data calculated based on a first relative time difference between the network node and the device and a second relative time difference between a first time compensation and a second time compensation.
[0179] Aspect 27 is the method of any of aspects 15, further including: receiving an indication of a performed UE-based positioning activity based on the positioning information related to the at least one virtual anchor.
[0180] Aspect 28 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a wireless device including at least one memory and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and, based at least in part on information stored in the at least one memory, the at least one processor is configured, individually or in combination, to implement any of aspects 1 to 14.
[0181] Aspect 29 is the apparatus of aspect 28, further including one or more transceivers or one or more antennas coupled to the at least one processor.
[0182] Aspect 30 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a wireless device including means for implementing any of aspects 1 to 14.
[0183] Aspect 31 is a computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable medium) storing computer executable code, where the code when executed by at least one processor causes the at least one processor to implement any of aspects 1 to 14.
[0184] Aspect 32 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a wireless device including at least one memory and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and, based at least in part on information stored in the at least one memory, the at least one processor is configured, individually or in combination, to implement any of aspects 15 to 27.
[0185] Aspect 33 is the apparatus of aspect 32, further including one or more transceivers or one or more antennas coupled to the at least one processor.
[0186] Aspect 34 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a wireless device including means for implementing any of aspects 15 to 27.
[0187] Aspect 35 is a computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable medium) storing computer executable code, where the code when executed by at least one processor causes the at least one processor to implement any of aspects 15 to 27.
Claims
1.An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) , comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and, based at least in part on stored information that is stored in the at least one memory, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to cause the UE to:receive, from a network node, a configuration for positioning information related to at least one virtual anchor associated with a device controlled by the network node; andperform a UE-based positioning activity based on the positioning information related to the at least one virtual anchor.2.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one virtual anchor comprises a first virtual anchor and a second virtual anchor, and wherein to perform the UE-based positioning activity based on the positioning information related to the at least one virtual anchor, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to cause the UE to:perform the UE-based positioning activity based on the positioning information related to the first virtual anchor and the second virtual anchor.3.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the device is a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , and wherein the position information related to the virtual anchor is based on at least one of:a reflection point associated with the RIS,a transmit beam associated with the network node,a reflected beam associated with the RIS,a first position associated with the RIS, ora second position associated with the network node.4.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the device is a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , wherein the UE is not configured with a first position associated with the RIS or a second position associated with the network node, and wherein the UE is unaware of the first position associated with the RIS or the second position associated with the network node.5.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the configuration is included in a single position calculation assistance information information element (IE) , wherein the calculation assistance information IE includes position information for each virtual anchor of the at least one virtual anchor.6.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the configuration is included in multiple assistance information information elements (IEs) , and wherein each assistance information IE of the multiple assistance information IEs includes position information related to one particular virtual anchor of the at least one virtual anchor.7.The apparatus of claim 6, wherein each assistance information IE of the multiple assistance information IEs includes at least one of a location related to the one particular virtual anchor of the at least one virtual anchor, an identifier (ID) related to the one particular virtual anchor of the at least one virtual anchor, or an ID associated with the device.8.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is further configured to cause the UE to:receive, from the network node via the device, at least one positioning reference signal (PRS) , and wherein to perform the UE-based positioning activity based on the positioning information related to the at least one virtual anchor, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to cause the UE to:perform the UE-based positioning activity based on the at least one PRS.9.The apparatus of claim 8, wherein each of the at least one PRS is associated with at least one virtual anchor identifier (ID) associated with the at least one virtual anchor and at least one device ID associated with the device, and wherein the at least one PRS corresponds to at least one beam associated with the device.10.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each virtual anchor of the at least one virtual anchor is within a circle of a defined area associated with the device, wherein the device is a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , and wherein a center of the circle is a reflection point of the RIS.11.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each virtual anchor of the at least one virtual anchor is associated with a respective time compensation to compensate for a respective propagation delay, and wherein the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is further configured to cause the UE to:receive the respective time compensation from the network node.12.The apparatus of claim 11, wherein to receive the respective time compensation from the network node, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to cause the UE to:receive a relative time difference (RTD) between the network node and the device and between a first time compensation and a second time compensation.13.The apparatus of claim 11, wherein to receive the respective time compensation from the network node, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to cause the UE to:receive relative time difference (RTD) assistance data calculated based on a first relative time difference between the network node and the device and a second relative time difference between a first time compensation and a second time compensation.14.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is further configured to cause the UE to:transmit an indication of the performed UE-based positioning activity based on the positioning information related to the at least one virtual anchor.15.An apparatus for wireless communication at a network node, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and, based at least in part on stored information that is stored in the at least one memory, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to cause the network node to:transmit, for a user equipment (UE) , a configuration for positioning information related to at least one virtual anchor associated with a device controlled by the network node; andtransmit, for the UE, at least one positioning reference signal (PRS) to facilitate a UE-based positioning activity based on the positioning information related to the at least one virtual anchor.16.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the at least one virtual anchor comprises a first virtual anchor and a second virtual anchor, and wherein a first location associated with the first virtual anchor and a second location associated with the second virtual anchor are controllable by the network node by adjusting a reflection direction associated with the device.17.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the device is a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , and wherein the position information related to the virtual anchor is based on at least one of:a reflection point associated with the RIS,a transmit beam associated with the network node,a reflected beam associated with the RIS,a first position associated with the RIS, ora second position associated with the network node.18.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the device is a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , wherein the UE is not configured with a first position associated with the RIS or a second position associated with the network node, and wherein the UE is unaware of the first position associated with the RIS or the second position associated with the network node.19.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the configuration is included in a single position calculation assistance information information element (IE) , wherein the calculation assistance information IE includes position information for each virtual anchor of the at least one virtual anchor.20.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the configuration is included in multiple assistance information information elements (IEs) , and wherein each assistance information IE of the multiple assistance information IEs includes position information related to one particular virtual anchor of the at least one virtual anchor.21.The apparatus of claim 20, wherein each assistance information IE of the multiple assistance information IEs includes at least one of a location related to the one particular virtual anchor of the at least one virtual anchor, an identifier (ID) related to the one particular virtual anchor of the at least one virtual anchor, or an ID associated with the device.22.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein each of the at least one PRS is associated with at least one virtual anchor identifier (ID) associated with the at least one virtual anchor and at least one device ID associated with the device, and wherein the at least one PRS corresponds to at least one beam associated with the device.23.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein each virtual anchor of the at least one virtual anchor is within a circle of a defined area associated with the device, wherein the device is a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , and wherein a center of the circle is a reflection point of the RIS.24.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein each virtual anchor of the at least one virtual anchor is associated with a respective time compensation to compensate for a respective propagation delay, and wherein the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is further configured to cause the network node to:transmit the respective time compensation.25.The apparatus of claim 24, wherein to transmit the respective time compensation from the network node, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to cause the network node to:transmit a relative time difference (RTD) between the network node and the device and between a first time compensation and a second time compensation.26.The apparatus of claim 24, wherein to transmit the respective time compensation from the network node, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to cause the network node to:transmit relative time difference (RTD) assistance data calculated based on a first relative time difference between the network node and the device and a second relative time difference between a first time compensation and a second time compensation.27.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is further configured to cause the network node to:receive an indication of a performed UE-based positioning activity based on the positioning information related to the at least one virtual anchor.28.A method for wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) , comprising:receiving, from a network node, a configuration for positioning information related to at least one virtual anchor associated with a device controlled by the network node; andperforming a UE-based positioning activity based on the positioning information related to the at least one virtual anchor.29.The method of claim 28, wherein the device is a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , and wherein the position information related to the virtual anchor is based on at least one of:a reflection point associated with the RIS,a transmit beam associated with the network node,a reflected beam associated with the RIS,a first position associated with the RIS, ora second position associated with the network node.30.A method for wireless communication performed by a network node, comprising:transmitting, for a user equipment (UE) , a configuration for positioning information related to at least one virtual anchor associated with a device controlled by the network node; andtransmitting, for the UE, at least one positioning reference signal (PRS) to facilitate a UE-based positioning activity based on the positioning information related to the at least one virtual anchor.
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