Method and system for cell search
The CSB design addresses the challenges of synchronization in future wireless networks by optimizing synchronization signals and channels, enhancing cell search and synchronization processes for efficient network connections and energy savings.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/099177
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-14
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-17
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication networks face challenges in efficiently designing synchronization signals and channels for cell search, time synchronization, and frequency synchronization, particularly in future communication systems that require inter-RAT spectrum sharing and energy-efficient solutions.
The proposed method involves designing a Cell Search Block (CSB) with specific configurations of synchronization signals, reference signals, and PBCH, including continuous and discontinuous mappings, time-frequency arrangements, and sequence generation to enhance cell search and synchronization processes.
This approach improves the accuracy and efficiency of cell search, time synchronization, and frequency synchronization, enabling seamless network connections and energy savings in future wireless communication systems.
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Figure CN2024099177_17072025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CELL SEARCHTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] This disclosure is directed generally to wireless communication networks and particularly to signal designs for cell search, time domain synchronization, and frequency domain synchronization.BACKGROUND
[0002] In wireless access network, various radio access technologies (RATs) may be employed to achieve communications between wireless terminal devices and wireless access network nodes. Reliable transmission of various synchronization signals, reference signals, and system information is critical for the wireless terminal devices performing cell search and for establishing and maintaining wireless connections between the terminal device and the wireless access network nodes.SUMMARY
[0003] This disclosure is directed generally to wireless communication networks and particularly to signal designs for cell search, time domain synchronization, and frequency domain synchronization. For example, this disclosure describes various examples of signal design, resource mapping, and sequence configuration for various synchronization signals, reference signals, and PBCH for facilitating cell search, time synchronization, frequency domain synchronization, and system information acquisition in establishing, maintaining, and handing over wireless access connection.
[0004] In some example implementations, a method performed by a user equipment (UE) or a wireless access network node is disclosed. The method may include receiving by the UE a cell search block from the wireless access network node, or transmitting the cell search block by the wireless access network node to the UE. the cell search block comprises a first information being broadcasted for synchronization. A second information being broadcasted for carrying system information. Center frequencies of resources associated with the first information and resources associated with the second information are aligned. The method may further include performing time and frequency synchronization between the UE and the wireless access network node based on the cell search block.
[0005] In the example implementations above, the first information comprises a first synchronization signal and a second synchronization signal; and the second information comprises a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) .
[0006] In any one of the example implementations above, each of the first synchronization signal and the second synchronization signal each map to continuous resource elements in frequency and in time.
[0007] In any one of the example implementations above, the first synchronization signal maps to continuous resource elements in frequency and time; and the second synchronization signal maps to discontinuous resource elements in frequency or time.
[0008] In any one of the example implementations above, the second synchronization signal discontinuously mapped to some Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs) of the resources where the PBCH is located.
[0009] In any one of the example implementations above, the second synchronization signal discontinuously mapped to some Resource Elements (REs) of the resources where the PBCH is located.
[0010] In any one of the example implementations above, the second synchronization signal is mapped with a mapping density to at least a portion of resources of the PBCH.
[0011] In any one of the example implementations above, the mapping density is predefined or dynamically configured.
[0012] In any one of the example implementations above, the first information comprises a first synchronization signal; and the second information comprises a PBCH and a reference signal.
[0013] In any one of the example implementations above, the reference signal maps to discontinuous resource elements in frequency or time.
[0014] In any one of the example implementations above, the reference signal discontinuously mapped to some Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs) of the resources where the PBCH is located.
[0015] In any one of the example implementations above, the reference signal discontinuously mapped to some Resource Elements (REs) of the resources where the PBCH is located.
[0016] In any one of the example implementations above, the reference signal is mapped with a mapping density to at least a portion of resources of the PBCH.
[0017] In any one of the example implementations above, the mapping density is predefined or dynamically configured.
[0018] In any one of the example implementations above, wherein: the first information consists a first synchronization signal; and the second information comprises a PBCH.
[0019] In any one of the example implementations above, the first synchronization signal maps to OFDM symbols separate from OFDM symbols for the PBCH.
[0020] In any one of the example implementations above, the first synchronization signal occupies consecutive symbols with an interval of non-zero symbols to the PBCH.
[0021] In any one of the example implementations above, the first information comprises the first synchronization signal and the second synchronization signal with an interval of non-zero symbols therebetween.
[0022] In any one of the example implementations above, the first synchronization signal and second synchronization signal are separated in time by an interval of nonzero symbols and wherein the first or second synchronization signals and PBCH occupy consecutive symbols.
[0023] In any one of the example implementations above, the first synchronization signal and second synchronization signal are separated in time by a first interval of nonzero symbols, and the first or the second synchronization signal are separated in time with the PBCH by a second interval of nonzero symbols.
[0024] In any one of the example implementations above, the interval, the first interval, or the second interval is predefined or dynamically configured.
[0025] In any one of the example implementations above, time domain symbols occupied by the PBCH are after time domain symbols occupied by at least one of the first synchronization signal or the second synchronization signal.
[0026] In any one of the example implementations above, time domain symbols occupied by the PBCH are before time domain symbols occupied by at least one of the first synchronization signal or the second synchronization signal.
[0027] In any one of the example implementations above, time domain symbols occupied by the PBCH are between time domain symbols occupied by the first synchronization signal and the second synchronization signal.
[0028] In any one of the example implementations above, at least one of the first synchronization signal, the second synchronization signal, or the reference signal is formed by concatenating M sequences, M being a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.
[0029] In any one of the example implementations above, at least one of the first synchronization signal, the second synchronization signal, or the reference signal is formed by cross-mapping M sequences, M being a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.
[0030] In any one of the example implementations above, the M sequences are generated by using a same sequence generate polynomial and have same sequence lengths.
[0031] In any one of the example implementations above, the M sequences are generated by using different sequence generate polynomials and have different sequence lengths.
[0032] In any one of the example implementations above, the first synchronization signal, the second synchronization signal, or the reference signal is formed by cross-mapping the M sequences and wherein different orders of the cross-mapping for the M sequences is used to indicate ID information of the wireless access network node.
[0033] In any one of the example implementations above, the first synchronization signal, the second synchronization signal, or the reference signal is formed by concatenating the M sequences and wherein different orders of the concatenating for the M sequences is used to indicate ID information of the wireless access network node.
[0034] In any one of the example implementations above, the PBCH comprises a plurality of quasi-co-located PBCH blocks configured to transmit a sequence of complex-valued symbols containing downlink synchronization timing information, frequency information and some system information.
[0035] In any one of the example implementations above, the plurality of quasi-co-located PBCH blocks comprise duplicates of the sequence of the complex-valued symbols, with each PBCH block configured to transmit all of the sequence of the complex-valued symbols.
[0036] In any one of the example implementations above, the sequence of complex-valued symbols is divided into P parts, each of the P parts being contained in one of the plurality of PBCH blocks.
[0037] In any one of the example implementations above, the plurality of PBCH blocks are transmitted in different time slots.
[0038] In any one of the example implementations above, the plurality of PBCH blocks are transmitted in different resource blocks.
[0039] In any one of the example implementations above, the plurality of PBCH blocks are transmitted without synchronization signals.
[0040] In any one of the example implementations above, at least one of the plurality of PBCH blocks is transmitted with synchronization signals.
[0041] In any one of the example implementations above, a mapping of the complex-valued symbols or the second synchronization signal, or the reference signal to PBCH resources is in increasing order along the time domain first and then the frequency domain.
[0042] The UE or the wireless access network node of any one of the methods above is further disclosed. The UE or the wireless access network node may include at least one processor and a memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured to read computer code from the memory to cause the UE or the wireless access network node to perform any one of the methods above.
[0043] A non-transitory computer-readable program medium with computer code stored thereupon is further disclosed. The computer code, when executed by at least one processor of the UE or the wireless access network node of any one of the methods above, is configured to cause the at least one processor to implement any one of the methods above.
[0044] The above embodiments and other aspects and alternatives of their implementations are described in greater detail in the drawings, the descriptions, and the claims below.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0045] FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless communication network including a wireless access network, a core network, and data networks.
[0046] FIG. 2 illustrates an example wireless access network including a plurality of mobile stations / terminals or User Equipments (UEs) and a wireless access network node in communication with one another via an over-the-air radio communication interface.
[0047] FIG. 3 shows an example radio access network (RAN) architecture.
[0048] FIG. 4 shows an example communication protocol stack in a wireless access network node or wireless terminal device including various network layers.
[0049] FIG. 5 shows a traditional resource configuration for a synchronization / PBCH (physical broadcast channel) block.
[0050] FIG. 6 shows an example resource configuration for an example cell search block according an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0051] FIG. 7 shows another example resource configuration for an example cell search block according an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0052] FIG. 8 shows another example resource configuration for an example cell search block according an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0053] FIG. 9 shows another example resource configuration for an example cell search block according an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0054] FIG. 10 shows yet another example resource configuration for an example cell search block according an embodiment of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0055] The technologies described in this disclosure can be used for implement inter-RAT spectrum sharing in wireless access systems. The term “over-the-air interface” is used interchangeably with “air interface” or “radio interface” in this disclosure. The term “exemplary” is used to mean “an example of” and unless otherwise stated, does not imply an ideal or preferred example, implementation, or embodiment. Section headers are used in the present disclosure to facilitate understanding of the disclosed implementations and are not intended to limit the disclosed technology in the sections only to the corresponding section. The disclosed implementations may be further embodied in a variety of different forms and, therefore, the scope of this disclosure or claimed subject matter is intended to be construed as not being limited to any of the embodiments set forth below. The various implementations may be embodied as methods, devices, components, systems, or non-transitory computer readable media. Accordingly, embodiments of this disclosure may, for example, take the form of hardware, software, firmware or any combination thereof.
[0056] In this disclosure, signal design, resource mapping, and sequence configuration for various synchronization signals, reference signals, and PBCH are described for facilitating cell search, time synchronization, frequency domain synchronization, and system information acquisition in establishing, maintaining, and handing over wireless access connection.
[0057] Wireless Communication Networks
[0058] An example wireless communication network, shown as 100 in FIG. 1, may include wireless terminal devices or user equipment (UE) 110, 111, and 112, a carrier network 102, various service applications 140, and other data networks 150. The wireless terminal devices or UEs, may be alternatively referred to as wireless terminals. The carrier network 102, for example, may include access network nodes 120 and 121, and a core network 130. The carrier network 110 may be configured to transmit voice, data, and other information (collectively referred to as data traffic) among UEs 110, 111, and 112, between the UEs and the service applications 140, or between the UEs and the other data networks 150. The access network nodes 120 and 121 may be configured as various wireless access network nodes (WANNs, alternatively referred to as wireless base stations) to interact with the UEs on one side of a communication session and the core network 130 on the other. The term “access network” may be used more broadly to refer a combination of the wireless terminal devices 110, 111, and 112 and the access network nodes 120 and 121. A wireless access network may be alternatively referred to as Radio Access Network (RAN) . The core network 130 may include various network nodes configured to control communication sessions and perform network access management and traffic routing. The service applications 140 may be hosted by various application servers deployed outside of but connected to the core network 130. Likewise, the other data networks 150 may also be connected to the core network 130.
[0059] In the example wireless communication network of 100 of FIG. 1, the UEs may communicate with one another via the wireless access network. For example, UE 110 and 112 may be connected to and communicate via the same access network node 120. The UEs may communicate with one another via both the access networks and the core network. For example, UE 110 may be connected to the access network node 120 whereas UE 111 may be connected to the access network node 121, and as such, the UE 110 and UE 111 may communicate to one another via the access network nodes 120 and 121, and the core network 130. The UEs may further communicate with the service applications 140 and the data networks 150 via the core network 130. Further, the UEs may communicate to one another directly via side link communications, as shown by 113.
[0060] FIG. 2 further shows an example system diagram of the wireless access network 120 including a WANN 202 serving UEs 110 and 112 via the over-the-air interface 204. The wireless transmission resources for the over-the-air interface 204 include a combination of frequency, time, and / or spatial resource. Each of the UEs 110 and 112 may be a mobile or fixed terminal device installed with mobile access units such as SIM / USIM modules for accessing the wireless communication network 100. The UEs 110 and 112 may each be implemented as a terminal device including but not limited to a mobile phone, a smartphone, a tablet, a laptop computer, a vehicle on-board communication equipment, a roadside communication equipment, a sensor device, a smart appliance (such as a television, a refrigerator, and an oven) , or other devices that are capable of communicating wirelessly over a network. As shown in FIG. 2, each of the UEs such as UE 112 may include transceiver circuitry 206 coupled to one or more antennas 208 to effectuate wireless communication with the WANN 120 or with another UE such as UE 110. The transceiver circuitry 206 may also be coupled to a processor 210, which may also be coupled to a memory 212 or other storage devices. The memory 212 may be transitory or non-transitory and may store therein computer instructions or code which, when read and executed by the processor 210, cause the processor 210 to implement various ones of the methods described herein.
[0061] Similarly, the WANN 120 may include a wireless base station or other wireless network access point capable of communicating wirelessly via the over-the-air interface 204 with one or more UEs and communicating with the core network 130. For example, the WANN 120 may be implemented, without being limited, in the form of a 2G base station, a 3G nodeB, an LTE eNB, a 4G LTE base station, a 5G NR base station of a 5G gNB, a 5G central-unit base station, or a 5G distributed-unit base station, or a 5G advanced base station, or a 6G base station. Each type of these WANNs may be configured to perform a corresponding set of wireless network functions. The WANN 202 may include transceiver circuitry 214 coupled to one or more antennas 216, which may include an antenna tower 218 in various forms, to effectuate wireless communications with the UEs 110 and 112. The transceiver circuitry 214 may be coupled to one or more processors 220, which may further be coupled to a memory 222 or other storage devices. The memory 222 may be transitory or non-transitory and may store therein instructions or code that, when read and executed by the one or more processors 220, cause the one or more processors 220 to implement various functions of the WANN 120 described herein.
[0062] Data packets in a wireless access network such as the example described in FIG. 2 may be transmitted as protocol data units (PDUs) . The data included therein may be packaged as PDUs at various network layers wrapped with nested and / or hierarchical protocol headers. The PDUs may be communicated between a transmitting device or transmitting end (these two terms are used interchangeably) and a receiving device or receiving end (these two terms are also used interchangeably) once a connection (e.g., a radio link control (RRC) connection) is established between the transmitting and receiving ends. Any of the transmitting device or receiving device may be either a wireless terminal device such as device 110 and 120 of FIG. 2 or a wireless access network node such as node 202 of FIG. 2. Each device may both be a transmitting device and receiving device for bi-directional communications.
[0063] The core network 130 of FIG. 1 may include various network nodes geographically distributed and interconnected to provide network coverage of a service region of the carrier network 102. These network nodes may be implemented as dedicated hardware network nodes. Alternatively, these network nodes may be virtualized and implemented as virtual machines or as software entities. These network nodes may each be configured with one or more types of network functions which collectively provide the provisioning and routing functionalities of the core network 130.
[0064] Returning to wireless radio access network (RAN) , FIG. 3 illustrates an example RAN 340 in communication with a core network 310 and wireless terminals UE1 to UE7. The RAN 340 may include one or more various types of wireless base station or WANNs 320 and 321 which may include but are not limited to gNB, eNodeB, NodeB, or other type of base stations (for simplicity, only gNBs are illustrated in FIG. 3) . The RAN 340 may be backhauled to the core network 310 via, for example, NG interfaces.
[0065] The WANNs may of FIG. 3 may be configured to communicate with one another via inter-node interfaces. For example, the gNBs may communicate with one another via an Xn interface. For another example, 5G base stations gNBs or 6G base station may communicate with LTE base stations such as NodeBs or eNodeBs via an X2 interface. In some example implementations, the WANN 320, for example, may further include multiple separate access network nodes in the form of a Central Unit (CU) 322 and one or more Distributed Units (DUs) 324 and 326. In some example implementations, the CU may be a gNB Central Unit (gNB-CU) , and the DU may be a gNB Distributed Unit (gNB-DU) . The CU 322 may be connected with DU1 324 and DU2 326 via various inter-node interfaces, for example, an F1 interface. Each of the various inter-node interfaces, may further be delineated into a control-plane interface and a user-plane interface. For a specific example, the F1 interface between a CU and a DU may further include an F1-C interface and an F1-U interface, which may be used to carry control plane information and user plane data, respectively. Likewise, the Xn or X2 interfaces may include an Xn-C and Xn-U or X2-C and X2-U interfaces. For purpose of this disclosure and the claims thereof, each CU and DU are considered separate access network node. The F1 interface thus falls within a definition of inter-node communication interface. In addition, while the various implementations described below are provided in the context of a 5G or 6G cellular wireless network, the underlying principles described herein are applicable to other types of radio access networks including but not limited to other generations of cellular network, as well as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, and WiMax networks.
[0066] The UEs may be connected to the network via the WANNs 320 over an air interface. The UEs may be served by at least one cell. Each cell is associated with a coverage area. These cells may be alternatively referred to as serving cells. The coverage areas between cells may partially overlap. Each UE may be actively communicating with at least one cell while may be potentially connected or connectable to more than one cell. In the example of FIG. 1, UE1, UE2, and UE3 may be served by cell1 330 of the DU1, whereas UE4 and UE5 may be served by cell2 332 of the DU1, and UE6 and UE7 may be served by cell3 associated with DU2. In some implementations, a UE may be served simultaneously by two or more cells. Each of the UE may be mobile and the signal strength and quality from the various cells at the UE may depend on the UE location and mobility.
[0067] In some example implementations, the cells shown in FIG. 3 may be alternatively referred to as serving cells. The serving cells may be grouped into serving cell groups (CGs) . A serving cell group may be either a Master CG (MCG) or Secondary CG (SCG) . Within each type of cell groups, there may be one primary cell and one or more secondary cells. A primary cell in a MSG, for example, may be referred to as a PCell, whereas a primary cell in a SCG may be referred to as PScell. Secondary cells in either an MCG or an SCG may be all referred to as SCell. The primary cells including PCell and PScell may be collectively referred to as spCell (special Cell) . All these cells may be referred to as serving cells or cells. The term “cell” and “serving cell” may be used interchangeably in a general manner unless specifically differentiated. The term “serving cell” may refer to a cell that is serving, will serve, or may serve the UE. In other words, a “serving cell” may not be currently serving the UE. While the various embodiment described below may at times be referred to one of the types of serving cells above, the underlying principles apply to all types of serving cells in both types of serving cell groups.
[0068] FIG. 4 further illustrates a simplified view of the various network layers involved in transmitting user-plane PDUs from a transmitting device 402 to a receiving device 404 in the example wireless access network of FIGs. 1-3. FIG. 4 is not intended to be inclusive of all essential device components or network layers for handling the transmission of the PDUs. FIG. 4 illustrates that the data packaged by upper network layers 420 at the transmitting device 402 may be transmitted to corresponding upper layer 430 (such as radio resource control or RRC layer) at the receiving device 304 via Packet Data Convergence Protocol layer (PDCP layer, not shown in FIG. 4) and radio link control (RLC) layer 422 and of the transmitting device, the physical (PHY) layers of the transmitting and receiving devices and the radio interface, as shown as 406, and the media access control (MAC) layer 434 and RLC layer 432 of the receiving device. Various network entities in each of these layers may be configured to handle the transmission and retransmission of the PDUs.
[0069] In FIG. 4, the upper layers 420 may be referred as layer-3 or L3, whereas the intermediate layers such as the RLC layer and / or the MAC layer and / or the PDCP layer (not shown in FIG. 4) may be collectively referred to as layer-2, or L2, and the term layer-1 is used to refer to layers such as the physical layer and the radio interface-associated layers. In some instances, the term “low layer” may be used to refer to a collection of L1 and L2, whereas the term “high layer” may be used to refer to layer-3. In some situations, the term “lower layer” may be used to refer to a layer among L1, L2, and L3 that are lower than a current reference layer. Control signaling may be initiated and triggered at each of L1 through L3 and within the various network layers therein. These signaling messages may be encapsulated and cascaded into lower layer packages and transmitted via allocated control or data over-the-air radio resources and interfaces. The term “layer” generally includes various corresponding entities thereof. For example, a MAC layer encompasses corresponding MAC entities that may be created. The layer-1, for example, encompasses PHY entities. The layer-2, for another example encompasses MAC layers / entities, RLC layers / entities, service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layers and / or PDCP layers / entities.
[0070] Cell Search and Downlink Synchronization
[0071] Cell search is a crucial procedure in a wireless communication system, such as LTE and NR wireless communication system. Cell search is the procedure for a UE to acquire downlink synchronization (which refer to time and frequency synchronization) with a network and to detect the physical layer ID of the cell.
[0072] In the example wireless access communication system described above, a UE may be configured to perform cell searches for establishing, maintaining, and / or handing over network connections. For example, the UE may receive a synchronization signals (SS) and channel (e.g., Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) ) in order to perform a cell search. An example in which an SS / PBCH block is used by the UE to perform cell search is shown in FIG. 5, which is illustrated as containing a primary synchronization signal (PSS) , a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) and a PBCH. The PSS signal, SSS signal, and PBCH together form the SS / PBCH block for cell search.
[0073] Merely as an example, the SS / PBCH block of FIG. 5 includes 240 contiguous Resource Elements (REs) (20 RBs) in the frequency domain and 4 consecutive OFDM symbols in the time domain. More specifically, in time domain, the PSS and the SSS occupy the first and the third OFDM symbol in the SS / PBCH block, respectively. The PBCH is mapped to the second, third and fourth symbols. In frequency domain, the PSS and the SSS occupy resource element RE 48 -RE 191. For the second and forth symbols, the PBCH occupies all of the 240 REs of the SS / PBCH block, and for the third symbol, the PBCH occupies RE 0 -RE 47 (resource block RB 0 -3) and RE 192 -RE 239 (RB 16 -19) . In the example of FIG. 5, for each physical resource block (PRB) of the PBCH, Demodulation Reference Signals (DMRS) are mapped with a density of 1 / 4 across the 12 REs of each RB (i.e., 3 DMRS REs in each RB) , as shown by the example expanded RB in FIG. 5. Accordingly, the sequence length of PBCH DMRS is 144 (total of 48 RB-symbol resources for PBCH with 3 DMRS RE-symbol resource for each RB-symbol resource) . Additionally, the UE may assume that the complex-valued symbols corresponding to resource elements that are part of a common resource block partially or fully overlapping with the SS / PBCH block, or the SS / PBCH block after puncturing if applicable, and not used for SS / PBCH transmission are set to zero in the OFDM symbols partially or fully overlapping with OFDM symbols where SS / PBCH is transmitted.
[0074] For future communication systems, such as 6G systems, cell search is also an essential procedure to acquire wireless access network nodes ID and to overcome the challenges posed by the wireless channel, enabling accurate timing and frequency tracking, and seamless mobility management, in order to ultimately ensure reliable and high-performance connection. As the target application scenarios in future communication system become more abundant, new requirements are continuous proposed for the design of cell search and downlink synchronization signals and channels. For example, as a future communication system may share spectrum with LTE or NR communication systems, some inter-RAT differentiation methods may become necessary. Including but not limited to different time-frequency structures for cell search and downlink synchronization. For another example, in a future communication system, energy saving of networks and UE is also a key factor to be considered in downlink synchronization signal channel design for cell search. For these demanding wireless systems, the synchronization signal and PBCH configurations like the one above of FIG. 5 for cell search may be modified and improved in terms of RAT identification, energy saving, latency reduction, as described in further detail below.
[0075] In the disclosure below, the term “cell search block” (CSB) is used to refer to any modified design of the downlink SS / PBCH structure above in time, frequency, and / or composition, which may contain any synchronization signals, reference signals, PBCHs, other signals and channels, and the like in any time-frequency arrangement used for cell search / wireless access network nodes ID acquisition and / or time-frequency synchronization purposes.
[0076] Example Composition a Cell Search Block (CSB) including Synchronization Signals and / or Physical Broadcast Channels
[0077] In a first example implementation, a Cell Search Block (CSB) may be designed such that it contains at least a first synchronization signal, a second synchronization signal and a PBCH.
[0078] In some examples of the first example implementation, it may be generally required that the first synchronization signal and the second synchronization signal may be mapped to continuous resource elements (REs) , and there may be no reference signal (RS) in physical resource blocks (PRBs) where the PBCH is located. FIG. 6 shows an example of such downlink synchronization structure or CSB satisfying such general requirement. In these example implementations, the physical layer ID of the wireless access network node may be indicated by the first synchronization signal, or indicated by the second synchronization signal, or jointly indicated by the first synchronization signal and the second synchronization signal. Such an indication, for example may be provided via a mapping relationship between the synchronization signals and the wireless access network node ID. The information associated with the IDs may be further used for scrambling of the PBCH.
[0079] In some other example of the first example implementation, the first synchronization signal may be mapped to continuous REs, and the second synchronization signal may be mapped to some physical resource blocks (PRBs) on the OFDM symbols where the PBCH is located, or some REs of each PRB of the resources where the PBCH is located. In other words, rather than being mapped to continuous REs like FIG. 5, the second synchronization signal may be dispersed into PRBs or REs for the PBCH. An example of such a downlink synchronization structure or CSB is shown in FIG. 7, where each PBCH PRB is dispersed with 3 REs as part of the second synchronization signal (as shown by the expanded view of one of the PBCH PRBs) . The physical layer ID of the wireless access network node, for example, may be indicated by the first synchronization signal, or indicated by the second synchronization signal, or jointly indicated by the first synchronization signal and the second synchronization signal. Such an indication, for example may be provided via a mapping relationship between the synchronization signals and the wireless access network node ID. The information associated with the wireless access network node ID may be used for scrambling the PBCH. The information of wireless access network node ID as indicated by the first synchronization signal may be further used for determining the mapping methods of the second synchronization signal to the PBCH RBs, for example, the start offset of the mapping PRBs or REs, and the mapping density.
[0080] In a second example implementation, the CSB may be designed such that it contains at least a first synchronization signal, a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) , and a reference signal (RS) . In some examples, the reference signal may be mapped to some PRBs on the OFDM symbols where the PBCH is located, or some REs of each PRB of the resources where the PBCH is located. In other words, the reference signal may be dispersed into PRBs or among REs for the PBCH. An example of such downlink synchronization structure or CSB is illustrated in FIG. 8. The physical layer ID of the wireless access network node associated with the CSB may be indicated by the first synchronization signal, and information of wireless access network node ID as indicated by the first synchronization signal may be used for scrambling the PBCH and determining the mapping methods of the RS to the PBCH PRBs or REs. In some other examples, the wireless access network node ID may also be jointly indicated by the first synchronization signal and the PBCH. Such indication, for example may be provided via a mapping between the synchronization signals and the physical wireless access network node IDs, or indicated in PBCH payload explicitly. And in that situation, only the information indicated by the first synchronization signal for the wireless access network node ID may be used for scrambling the PBCH and for determining the mapping methods of the RS to the PBCH PRBs or REs.
[0081] In a third example implementation, the CSB may be designed such that it contains at least a first synchronization signal and a PBCH. The PRBs occupied by PBCH may only include PBCH data, and there may be no reference signal or synchronization signal or other signal mapped to these physical resource blocks. An example of such downlink synchronization structure or CSB is illustrated in FIG. 9. The physical layer ID of the wireless access network node associated with the CSB may be indicated by the first synchronization signal, and information of wireless access network node ID contained in the first synchronization signal may be used for scrambling the PBCH. The wireless access network node ID may also be jointly indicated by the first synchronization signal and the PBCH. Such an indication, for example may be provided via a mapping between the synchronization signals and the physical wireless access network node IDs, or indicated in PBCH payload explicitly. And in that situation, only the information indicated by the first synchronization signal for the wireless access network node ID may be used for scrambling the PBCH.
[0082] In a fourth example implementation, the CSB may be designed such that it only contains synchronization signals, e.g., at least one of a first synchronization signal, a second synchronization signal, and a third synchronization signal, without additional PBCH. An example of such downlink synchronization structure or CSB containing three synchronization signals is illustrated in FIG. 10. The physical layer ID of the wireless access network node associated with the CSB may be indicated by the first synchronization signal, or indicated by the second synchronization signal, or jointly indicated by the first synchronization signal and the second synchronization signal. Such an indication, for example, may be provided via a mapping between the synchronization signals and the physical wireless access network node IDs. The third synchronization signal in this example may be used to indicate system information, for example, transmission mode and other system information.
[0083] Time-Frequency Resources for CSB
[0084] The various implementations below further provide time-frequency resource arrangement and configuration for the components of synchronization signals, and / or reference signals, and / or PBCH in an CSB, such as any one of the CSBs in the examples above.
[0085] In some example implementations for time arrangement of the CSB components, and for a CSB that contains at least one of one or more synchronization signals or PBCH, each component may occupy A OFDM symbols in time domain and at least B RBs in frequency domain. The values of A and B are positive integers, and can be predefined fix values or values to be configured by signaling according to implementation scenarios and contexts.
[0086] In some example implementations for time arrangement of the CSB components, a CSB that contains at least one of one or more synchronization signals or PBCH may be configured to occupy consecutive symbols in time domain, without any time gap (s) .
[0087] In some other example implementations, a CSB that contains at least one of one or more synchronization signals or PBCH may be configured to occupy non-consecutive symbols in time domain. In other words, there may be time intervals between these components (even though each component could occupy consecutive symbols in time) .
[0088] For example, the CSB may contain at least one synchronization signal and a PBCH, and while each or some or all of the synchronization signals included in the CSB may occupy consecutive symbols, there may be an interval or time gap of x symbols between synchronization signals and PBCH. The gap of x symbols may be measured in various manners. For example, it may be measured by a time gap between (1) the latest symbol of the earlier one of the synchronization signal and the PBCH, and (2) the earliest symbol of the later one of the synchronization signal and the PBCH.
[0089] In some other example implementations, the CSB may be designed such that it contains at least two synchronization signals (at least a first synchronization signal and a second synchronization signal) and there may be an interval of x symbols between the first synchronization signal and second synchronization signal. The gap of x symbols may be measured in various manners. For example, it may be measured by a time gap between (1) the latest symbol of the earlier one of the first synchronization signal and the second synchronization signal, and (2) the earliest symbol of the later one of the first synchronization signal and the second synchronization signal.
[0090] In some example implementations, the CSB may be configured such that it contains at least two synchronization signals and a PBCH. There may further be an interval of x symbols between the first synchronization signal and second synchronization signal, and an interval of y symbols between the first or the second synchronization signal and PBCH. The gap of x symbols may be measured in various manners. For example, it may be measured by a time gap between (1) the latest symbol of the earlier one of the first synchronization signal and the second synchronization signal, and (2) the earliest symbol of the later one of the first synchronization signal and the second synchronization signal. The gap of y symbols may also be measured in various manners. For example, it may be measured by a time gap between (1) the latest symbol of the earlier one of the first or second synchronization signal and the PBCH, and (2) the earliest symbol of the later one of the first or second synchronization signal and the PBCH.
[0091] In some example implementations, the values of x and y above may be predefined as fixed values, e.g., in a specification. Alternatively, in some other implementations, the values of x and y can be dynamically configured based on actual requirements and contexts. In some example implementations, the values of x and y may be specified in a predefined table, and then different sequences of synchronization signals may correspond to different values or index in that table for determining x and y. In other words, the x and y values above in such implementations may be indicated by the sequences of the synchronization signals.
[0092] In some example implementations, the various components (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, and PBCH) may be configured in different time order or time position relationship between one and another. For a CSB, there may be several positional relationships between the symbols of the various components of the CSB. For example, time-domain symbols occupied by the PBCH may be placed after the time-domain symbols occupied by all the synchronization signals. For another example, the time-domain symbols occupied by the PBCH may instead be located before the time-domain symbols occupied by all synchronization signals. For yet another example, the time domain symbols occupied by the PBCH may be located after one synchronization signal symbols and before another synchronization signal symbols (if any) .
[0093] Resources allocated to the various components of the CSB may also be configured in various manners of relationship. In other words, for the frequency domain structure of a CSB, there may be several options for relative positions between the frequency domain resources occupied by the synchronization signal and the frequency domain resources occupied by the PBCH. For example, the frequency domain resources occupied by the synchronization signal may be aligned with the center of frequency resources occupied by the PBCH. For another example, the frequency domain resources occupied by the synchronization signal may be aligned with those occupied by the PBCH at the low-frequency end of the PBCH. In yet some other examples, the frequency domain resources occupied by the synchronization signal may be aligned with those occupied by the PBCH at the high-frequency end of the PBCH. The frequency alignment mentioned in the above positioning relationships may be implemented either at the RB-level or at the RE-level.
[0094] All the above implementations related to time and frequency position configuration between the various components of the CSB (e.g., the synchronization signals, the reference signals, and the PBCH) can be combined with each other and combined with the example implementations above for various configuration of the CSB design specifying which components are included in the CSB.
[0095] Signals and channels Generation and Transmission of the CSB
[0096] The various example implementations below further describe generation and transmission of a CSB or downlink synchronization signals and channels.
[0097] In some example implementations, the first synchronization signal, the second synchronization signal, the third synchronization signal, and the reference signal, if included in a CSB, may each be composed of types of sequences with autocorrelation and cross-correlation properties better than a threshold level. The threshold level may be predefined. For example, m-sequence, Zadoff-Chu (ZC) -sequence, or Gold-sequence may be used for these signals.
[0098] In some example implementations, at least one of the first synchronization signal, the second synchronization signal, the third synchronization signal, and the reference signal, is formed of a single sequence. A sequence may be associated with a cyclic shift. Different sequences may be associated with different cyclic shifts, and different cyclic shifts thus correspond to different sequences. The cyclic shift information may thus be used to associate with other information, such as wireless access network node ID. As such, different sequences may be mapped to different wireless access network node IDs. A wireless access network node ID may be ascertained via a sequence used for the synchronization signals. The sequence or cyclic shift may also be associated with and indicate other information for transmission via the CSB, such as the mapping information of RS.
[0099] In some example implementations, at least one of the first synchronization signal, the second synchronization signal, the third synchronization signal and the reference signal, as included in a CSB may be formed by concatenating M sequences, with M being any positive integer greater than or equal to two. The M sequences may be generated by using a same generator polynomial or different generator polynomials. The M sequences may be generated to have same or different sequence lengths. Each generated sequence may have different cyclic shift. Different cyclic shifts may thus correspond to different sequences. The cyclic shift information may be used to associate with other information, such as wireless access network node ID. As such, different sequences or different combinations of sequences may be mapped to different wireless access network node IDs. A wireless access network node ID may be ascertained via a sequence or a combination of sequences used for the synchronization signals in the CSB. The sequences or cyclic shifts may also be associated with and indicate other information for transmission via the CSB, such as the mapping information of RS.
[0100] In some other example implementations, at least one of the first synchronization signal, the second synchronization signal, and the third synchronization signal and the reference signal, as included in the CSB may be formed by cross mapping of N sequences. The “N” may be any positive integer greater than or equal to two. The N sequences may be generated, for example by different generator polynomials with a same order. The N sequences may have the same sequence length. Each generated sequence of the N sequences may have different cyclic shifts, and different cyclic shifts thus may correspond to different sequences. The cyclic shift information may be used to associate with other information, such as wireless access network node ID. As such, different sequences or different combinations of sequences may be mapped to different wireless access network node IDs. A wireless access network node ID may be ascertained via a sequence or a combination of sequences used for the synchronization signals in the CSB. The sequences or cyclic shifts may also be associated with and indicate other information for transmission via the CSB, such as the mapping information of RS.
[0101] In some example implementations, the physical broadcast channel in a CSB may be configured to carry precise downlink synchronization timing information, frequency information, and some system information for subsequent transmission. Such information may be encoded, interleaved, scrambled, and modulated to form a sequence of complex-valued symbols.
[0102] In some example implementations, the complex-valued symbols may be transmitted in a single PBCH in the CSB.
[0103] In some other example implementations, the complex-valued symbols may be transmitted in multiple PBCH blocks. Each PBCH block of the multiple PBCH blocks may transmit all the complex-valued symbols. In some further implementations, the multiple PBCH blocks may be quasi-co-located and thus may be combined for receiving and decoding to improve PBCH receiving performance, when the complex-valued symbols are transmitted in each of multiple PBCH blocks.
[0104] In some example implementations, the complex-valued symbols above may be divided into P parts, “P” may be any positive integer larger than or equal to 1. Each part of the P parts of the complex-valued symbols may constitute at least a portion of information carried in a PBCH block. The P parts of the complex-valued symbols may thus be carried by P PBCH blocks. In such example implementations, the P parts of the complex-valued symbols may thus be transmitted in multiple PBCH blocks. The multiple PBCH blocks may be quasi-co-located and thus may be combined for receiving and decoding to obtain PBCH complete information from the part information in each of the PBCH block.
[0105] In some example implementations, the multiple PBCH blocks above may be separately transmitted in different time slots. In some example implementations, the multiple PBCH blocks may be transmitted in different frequency PRBs. In some example implementations, the multiple PBCH blocks may be transmitted in different beams.
[0106] In some example implementations, the multiple PBCH blocks may be transmitted without synchronization signals in the CSB. In other words, the CSB may only include PBCH. The PBCH blocks may or may not include reference signals in such implementation.
[0107] In some example implementations, at least one of the multiple PBCH blocks above may be transmitted with synchronization signals. In other words, the CSB may include both PBCH and synchronization signals.
[0108] In some example implementations, the sequence of reference signals included in the CSB may be mapped with a mapping density to some resource elements of the PBCH resource blocks above. For example, the sequence of the second synchronization signal of FIG. 7 may be mapped with a mapping density to some resource elements of the PBCH resource blocks.
[0109] In some example implementations, the value of the mapping density above for the reference signals to resource elements of PBCH may be a predefined fixed value in specification or may be dynamically configured.
[0110] For example, the value of the mapping density above for the reference signals to resource elements of PBCH may specified in a predefined table, and then different sequence of synchronization signals can indicate different values or index in the table. In other words, different sequence of synchronization signal may be associated with different mapping densities.
[0111] In some example implementations, the sequence of complex-valued symbols above that constitute the PBCH block may be mapped to resource elements not reserved for reference signals (e.g., in FIG. 8) , the second synchronization (e.g., FIG. 7) , or other signals.
[0112] The mapping above of the sequence of complex-valued symbols, and / or the synchronization signals and RS (if any) which mapped to PBCH resources to PBCH resources may be implemented in various example manners. In some example implementations, the mapping of the symbols and / or sequences to resource elements can be implemented in increasing order, first in frequency domain and then in time domain. For example, the symbols and / or sequences are mapped in a time symbol from low frequency RB to high frequency RB, and then moving to a next later time symbol allocated for PBCH.
[0113] In some example implementations, the mapping of symbols and / or sequences to PBCH resource elements may be implemented in increasing order, first in time domain and then in frequency domain. For example, the symbols and / or sequences are mapped in an RB from earlier time symbols to later time symbols, and then moving to a next higher frequency RB allocated for PBCH.
[0114] All the above implementations related to sequence design, transmission of CSB, and mapping of reference signal or synchronization signals, and mapping of the complex-valued symbols of PBCH to resource elements may be combined with each other and may further be combined with the example implementations above for various configuration of the CSB design specifying which components are included in the CSB and the example implementations above for time-frequency resource configuration of the CSB.
[0115] The description and accompanying drawings above provide specific example embodiments and implementations. The described subject matter may, however, be embodied in a variety of different forms and, therefore, covered or claimed subject matter is intended to be construed as not being limited to any example embodiments set forth herein. A reasonably broad scope for claimed or covered subject matter is intended. Among other things, for example, subject matter may be embodied as methods, devices, components, systems, or non-transitory computer-readable media for storing computer codes. Accordingly, embodiments may, for example, take the form of hardware, software, firmware, storage media or any combination thereof. For example, the method embodiments described above may be implemented by components, devices, or systems including memory and processors by executing computer codes stored in the memory.
[0116] Throughout the specification and claims, terms may have nuanced meanings suggested or implied in context beyond an explicitly stated meaning. Likewise, the phrase “in one embodiment / implementation” as used herein does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment and the phrase “in another embodiment / implementation” as used herein does not necessarily refer to a different embodiment. It is intended, for example, that claimed subject matter includes combinations of example embodiments in whole or in part.
[0117] In general, terminology may be understood at least in part from usage in context. For example, terms, such as “and” , “or” , or “and / or, ” as used herein may include a variety of meanings that may depend at least in part on the context in which such terms are used. Typically, “or” if used to associate a list, such as A, B or C, is intended to mean A, B, and C, here used in the inclusive sense, as well as A, B or C, here used in the exclusive sense. In addition, the term “one or more” as used herein, depending at least in part upon context, may be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic in a singular sense or may be used to describe combinations of features, structures or characteristics in a plural sense. Similarly, terms, such as “a, ” “an, ” or “the, ” may be understood to convey a singular usage or to convey a plural usage, depending at least in part upon context. In addition, the term “based on” may be understood as not necessarily intended to convey an exclusive set of factors and may, instead, allow for existence of additional factors not necessarily expressly described, again, depending at least in part on context.
[0118] Reference throughout this specification to features, advantages, or similar language does not imply that all of the features and advantages that may be realized with the present solution should be or are included in any single implementation thereof. Rather, language referring to the features and advantages is understood to mean that a specific feature, advantage, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present solution. Thus, discussions of the features and advantages, and similar language, throughout the specification may, but do not necessarily, refer to the same embodiment.
[0119] Furthermore, the described features, advantages and characteristics of the present solution may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. One of ordinary skill in the relevant art will recognize, in light of the description herein, that the present solution can be practiced without one or more of the specific features or advantages of a particular embodiment. In other instances, additional features and advantages may be recognized in certain embodiments that may not be present in all embodiments of the present solution.
Claims
1.A method performed by a user equipment (UE) or a wireless access network node, comprising:receiving by the UE a cell search block from the wireless access network node, or transmitting the cell search block by the wireless access network node to the UE, wherein:the cell search block comprises a first information being broadcasted for synchronization;a second information being broadcasted for carrying system information; andcenter frequencies of resources associated with the first information and resources associated with the second information are aligned; andperforming time and frequency synchronization between the UE and the wireless access network node based on the cell search block.2.The method of claim 1, wherein:the first information comprises a first synchronization signal and a second synchronization signal; andthe second information comprises a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) .3.The method of claim 2, wherein each of the first synchronization signal and the second synchronization signal each map to continuous resource elements in frequency and in time.4.The method of claim 2, wherein:the first synchronization signal maps to continuous resource elements in frequency and time; andthe second synchronization signal maps to discontinuous resource elements in frequency or time.5.The method of claim 4, wherein the second synchronization signal discontinuously mapped to some Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs) of the resources where the PBCH is located.6.The method of claim 4, wherein the second synchronization signal discontinuously mapped to some Resource Elements (REs) of the resources where the PBCH is located.7.The method of claim 5 or claim 6, wherein the second synchronization signal is mapped with a mapping density to at least a portion of resources of the PBCH.8.The method of claim 7, wherein the mapping density is predefined or dynamically configured.9.The method of claim 1, wherein:the first information comprises a first synchronization signal; andthe second information comprises a PBCH and a reference signal.10.The method of claim 9, wherein the reference signal maps to discontinuous resource elements in frequency or time.11.The method of claim 10, wherein the reference signal discontinuously mapped to some Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs) of the resources where the PBCH is located.12.The method of claim 10, wherein the reference signal discontinuously mapped to some Resource Elements (REs) of the resources where the PBCH is located.13.The method of claim 11 or claim 12, wherein the reference signal is mapped with a mapping density to at least a portion of resources of the PBCH.14.The method of claim 13, wherein the mapping density is predefined or dynamically configured.15.The method of claim 1, wherein:the first information comprises a first synchronization signal; andthe second information comprises a PBCH.16.The method of claim 15, wherein the first synchronization signal maps to OFDM symbols separate from OFDM symbols for the PBCH.17.The method of any one of claims 2-16, wherein the first synchronization signal occupies consecutive symbols with an interval of non-zero symbols to the PBCH.18.The method of any one of claims 2-6, wherein the first information comprises the first synchronization signal and the second synchronization signal with an interval of non-zero symbols therebetween.19.The method of any one of claims 2-6, wherein the first synchronization signal and second synchronization signal are separated in time by an interval of nonzero symbols and wherein the first or second synchronization signals and PBCH occupy consecutive symbols.20.The method of any one of claims 2-6, wherein the first synchronization signal and second synchronization signal are separated in time by a first interval of nonzero symbols, and the first or the second synchronization signal are separated in time with the PBCH by a second interval of nonzero symbols.21.The method of any one of claims 17-20, wherein the interval, the first interval, or the second interval is predefined or dynamically configured.22.The method of any one of claims 2-21, wherein time domain symbols occupied by the PBCH are after time domain symbols occupied by at least one of the first synchronization signal or the second synchronization signal.23.The method of any one of claims 2-21, wherein time domain symbols occupied by the PBCH are before time domain symbols occupied by at least one of the first synchronization signal or the second synchronization signal.24.The method of any one of claims 2-6, wherein time domain symbols occupied by the PBCH are between time domain symbols occupied by the first synchronization signal and the second synchronization signal.25.The method of any one of claims 2-21, wherein at least one of the first synchronization signal, the second synchronization signal, or the reference signal is formed by concatenating M sequences, M being a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.26.The method of any one of claims 2-21, wherein at least one of the first synchronization signal, the second synchronization signal, or the reference signal is formed by cross-mapping M sequences, M being a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.27.The method of claim 25 or claim 26, wherein the M sequences are generated by using a same sequence generate polynomial and have same sequence lengths.28.The method of claim 25, wherein the M sequences are generated by using different sequence generate polynomials and have different sequence lengths.29.The method of claim 26, wherein the first synchronization signal, the second synchronization signal, or the reference signal is formed by cross-mapping the M sequences and wherein different orders of the cross-mapping for the M sequences is used to indicate ID information of the wireless access network node.30.The method of claim 25, wherein the first synchronization signal, the second synchronization signal, or the reference signal is formed by concatenating the M sequences and wherein different orders of the concatenating for the M sequences is used to indicate ID information of the wireless access network node.31.The method of any one of claims 2-21, wherein the PBCH comprises a plurality of quasi-co-located PBCH blocks configured to transmit a sequence of complex-valued symbols containing downlink synchronization timing information, frequency information, information for initial access and some system information.32.The method of claim 31, wherein the plurality of quasi-co-located PBCH blocks comprise duplicates of the sequence of the complex-valued symbols, with each PBCH block configured to transmit all of the sequence of the complex-valued symbols.33.The method of claim 31, wherein the sequence of complex-valued symbols is divided into P parts, each of the P parts being contained in one of the plurality of PBCH blocks.34.The method of claim 31, wherein the plurality of PBCH blocks are transmitted in different time slots.35.The method of claim 31, wherein the plurality of PBCH blocks are transmitted in different resource blocks.36.The method of claim 31, wherein the plurality of PBCH blocks are transmitted without synchronization signals.37.The method of claim 31, wherein at least one of the plurality of PBCH blocks is transmitted with synchronization signals.38.The method of claim 31, wherein a mapping of the complex-valued symbols or the second synchronization signal, or the reference signal to PBCH resources is in increasing order along the time domain first and then the frequency domain.39.The UE or the wireless access network node of any one of claims 1 to 38, comprising at least one processor and a memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured to read computer code from the memory to cause the UE or the wireless access network node to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 38.40.A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable program medium with computer code stored thereupon, the computer code, when executed by at least one processor of the UE or the wireless access network node of any one of claims 1 to 38, causing the at least one processor to implement the method of any one of claims 1 to 38.
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