Frequency division multiplexing of synchronization signals in wireless communications
Frequency division multiplexing of synchronization signals addresses the increased access delay and power consumption issues in wireless communication systems by efficiently transmitting and receiving multiple signals, thereby reducing power consumption and delay.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/100863
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-24
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-17
AI Technical Summary
In wireless communication systems, increasing the number of beam directions leads to higher access delay and power consumption for user devices and base stations due to the need for transmitting more synchronization signals, which is undesirable.
Implementing frequency division multiplexing (FDM) of synchronization signals to reduce access delay and power consumption by efficiently transmitting and receiving multiple synchronization signals in a multiplexed manner.
FDM reduces user device and base station power consumption while maintaining effective communication by optimizing the transmission and reception of synchronization signals.
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Figure CN2024100863_17072025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING OF SYNCHRONIZATION SIGNALS IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONSTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] This document is directed generally to frequency division multiplexing of synchronization signals in wireless communications.BACKGROUND
[0002] In some wireless communication systems, synchronization signals are mapped to different beam directions. However, as the number of beam directions increase, the base station needs to correspondingly transmit larger numbers of synchronization signals to the user device, which undesirably increases the user device’s access delay and / or power consumption and / or increases the base station’s power consumption. As such, ways to reduce or minimize the user device’s access delay and / or power consumption and / or the base station’s power consumption despite increasing numbers of beam directions may be desirable.SUMMARY
[0003] This document relates to methods, systems, apparatuses and devices for wireless communication. In some implementations, a method for wireless communication includes: transmitting, by a network device, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) information of a plurality of synchronization signals to a user device; and transmitting, by the network device, the plurality of synchronization signals in a FDMed manner.
[0004] In some other implementations, a method for wireless communication includes: receiving, by a user device, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) information of a plurality of synchronization signals from a network device; and receiving, by the user device, the plurality of synchronization signals in a FDMed manner.
[0005] In some other implementations, a device, such as a network device, is disclosed. The device may include one or more processors and one or more memories, wherein the one or more processors are configured to read computer code from the one or more memories to implement any of the methods above.
[0006] In yet some other implementations, a computer program product is disclosed. The computer program product may include a non-transitory computer-readable program medium with computer code stored thereupon, the computer code, when executed by one or more processors, causing the one or more processors to implement any of the methods above.
[0007] The above and other aspects and their implementations are described in greater detail in the drawings, the descriptions, and the claims.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0008] FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an example of a wireless communication system.
[0009] FIG. 2 shows a flow chart of a method for wireless communication.
[0010] FIG. 3 shows a flow chart of another method for wireless communication.
[0011] FIG. 4 shows a time-frequency plot providing an example of a plurality of synchronization signals (SS) configured in a plurality of time instances.
[0012] FIG. 5 shows a time-frequency plot providing the example in Fig. 4 that further implements an example frequency offset.
[0013] FIG. 6 shows a time-frequency plot showing the example in Fig. 4 that further implements another frequency offset.
[0014] FIG. 7 shows a time-frequency plot showing an example of a plurality of synchronization signals (SS) in a plurality of periods.
[0015] FIG. 8 shows a time-frequency plot of an example of synchronization signals in a plurality of sets.
[0016] FIG. 9 shows a time-frequency plot of an example of a plurality of synchronization signals (SS) and associated reference signals (RS) .DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0017] The example headings for the various sections below are used to facilitate the understanding of the disclosed subject matter and do not limit the scope of the claimed subject matter in any way. Accordingly, one or more features of one example section can be combined with one or more features of another example section. Furthermore, 5G terminology is used for the sake of clarity of explanation, but the techniques disclosed in the present document are not limited to 5G technology only, and may be used in wireless systems that implemented other protocols, e.g., 5G-Advanced (5G-A) , 6G or beyond.
[0018] The present description describes various embodiments of systems, apparatuses, devices, and methods for wireless communications related to frequency division multiplexing of synchronization signals.
[0019] Fig. 1 shows a diagram of an example wireless communication system 100 (also called herein a mobile communication system) including a plurality of communication nodes (or just nodes) that are configured to wirelessly communicate with each other. In general, the communication nodes include at least one user device 102 and at least one network device or base station 104. The example wireless communication system 100 in Fig. 1 is shown as including two user devices 102, including a first user device 102 (1) and a second user device 102 (2) , and a network device 104. However, various other examples of the wireless communication system 100 that include any of various combinations of one or more user devices 102 and / or one or more network devices 104 may be possible.
[0020] In general, a user device as described herein, such as the user device 102, may include a single electronic device or apparatus, or multiple (e.g., a network of) electronic devices or apparatuses, capable of communicating wirelessly over a network. A user device may comprise or otherwise be referred to as a user terminal, a user terminal device, or a user equipment (UE) . Additionally, a user device may be or include, but not limited to, a mobile device (such as a mobile phone, a smart phone, a smart watch, a tablet, a laptop computer, vehicle or other vessel (human, motor, or engine-powered, such as an automobile, a plane, a train, a ship, or a bicycle as non-limiting examples) or a fixed or stationary device, (such as a desktop computer or other computing device that is not ordinarily moved for long periods of time, such as appliances, other relatively heavy devices including Internet of things (IoT) , or computing devices used in commercial or industrial environments, as non-limiting examples) . In various embodiments, a user device 102 may include transceiver circuitry 106 coupled to an antenna 108 to effect wireless communication with the network device 104. The transceiver circuitry 106 may also be coupled to a processor 110, which may also be coupled to a memory 112 or other storage device. The memory 112 may store therein instructions or code that, when read and executed by the processor 110, cause the processor 110 to implement various ones of the methods described herein.
[0021] Additionally, in general, a network device as described herein, such as the network device 104, may include a single electronic device or apparatus, or multiple (e.g., a network of) electronic devices or apparatuses, and may comprise one or more wireless access nodes, base stations, or other wireless network access points capable of communicating wirelessly over a network with one or more user devices and / or with one or more other network devices 104. For example, the network device 104 may comprise a 4G LTE base station, a 5G NR base station, a 5G central-unit base station, a 5G distributed-unit base station, a next generation Node B (gNB) , an enhanced Node B (eNB) , or other similar or next-generation (e.g., 6G) base stations, in various embodiments. A network device 104 may include transceiver circuitry 114 coupled to an antenna 116, which may include an antenna tower 118 in various approaches, to effect wireless communication with the user device 102 or another network device 104. The transceiver circuitry 114 may also be coupled to one or more processors 120, which may also be coupled to a memory 122 or other storage device. The memory 122 may store therein instructions or code that, when read and executed by the processor 120, cause the processor 120 to implement one or more of the methods described herein.
[0022] In various embodiments, two communication nodes in the wireless system 100-such as a user device 102 and a network device 104, two user devices 102 without a network device 104, or two network devices 104 without a user device 102-may be configured to wirelessly communicate with each other in or over a mobile network and / or a wireless access network according to one or more standards and / or specifications. In general, the standards and / or specifications may define the rules or procedures under which the communication nodes can wirelessly communicate, which, in various embodiments, may include those for communicating in millimeter (mm) -Wave bands, and / or with multi-antenna schemes and beamforming functions. In addition or alternatively, the standards and / or specifications are those that define a radio access technology and / or a cellular technology, such as Fourth Generation (4G) Long Term Evolution (LTE) , Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) , or New Radio Unlicensed (NR-U) , as non-limiting examples.
[0023] Additionally, in the wireless system 100, the communication nodes are configured to wirelessly communicate signals between each other. In general, a communication in the wireless system 100 between two communication nodes can be or include a transmission or a reception, and is generally both simultaneously, depending on the perspective of a particular node in the communication. For example, for a given communication between a first node and a second node where the first node is transmitting a signal to the second node and the second node is receiving the signal from the first node, the first node may be referred to as a source or transmitting node or device, the second node may be referred to as a destination or receiving node or device, and the communication may be considered a transmission for the first node and a reception for the second node. Of course, since communication nodes in a wireless system 100 can both send and receive signals, a single communication node may be both a transmitting / source node and a receiving / destination node simultaneously or switch between being a source / transmitting node and a destination / receiving node.
[0024] Also, particular signals can be characterized or defined as either an uplink (UL) signal, a downlink (DL) signal, or a sidelink (SL) signal. An uplink signal is a signal transmitted from a user device 102 to a network device 104. A downlink signal is a signal transmitted from a network device 104 to a user device 102. A sidelink signal is a signal transmitted from one user device 102 to another user device 102, or a signal transmitted from one network device 104 to another network device 104. Also, for sidelink transmissions, a first / source user device 102 directly transmits a sidelink signal to a second / destination user device 102 without any forwarding of the sidelink signal to a network device 104. Similarly, a first / source network device 104 directly transmits a sidelink signal to a second / destination network device 104 without any forwarding of the sidelink signal to a user device 102.
[0025] Additionally, at least some signals communicated between communication nodes in the system 100 may be characterized or defined as a data signal or a control signal. In general, a data signal is a signal that includes or carries data, such multimedia data (e.g., voice and / or image data) , and a control signal is a signal that carries control information that configures the communication nodes in certain ways in order to communicate with each other, or otherwise controls how the communication nodes communicate data signals with each other. Also, certain signals may be defined or characterized by combinations of data / control and uplink / downlink / sidelink, including uplink control signals, uplink data signals, downlink control signals, downlink data signals, sidelink control signals, and sidelink data signals.
[0026] For at least some specifications, such as 5G NR, data and control signals are transmitted and / or carried on physical channels. Generally, a physical channel corresponds to a set of time-frequency resources used for transmission of a signal. Different types of physical channels may be used to transmit different types of signals. For example, physical data channels (or just data channels) , also herein called traffic channels, are used to transmit data signals, and physical control channels (or just control channels) are used to transmit control signals. Example types of traffic channels (or physical data channels) include, but are not limited to, a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) used to communicate downlink data signals, a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) used to communicate uplink data signals, and a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) used to communicate sidelink data signals. In addition, example types of physical control channels include, but are not limited to, a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) used to communicate downlink control signals, a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) used to communicate uplink control signals, and a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) used to communicate sidelink control signals. As used herein for simplicity, unless specified otherwise, a particular type of physical channel is also used to refer to a signal that is transmitted on that particular type of physical channel, and / or a transmission on that particular type of transmission. As an example illustration, a PDSCH refers to the physical downlink shared channel itself, a downlink data signal transmitted on the PDSCH, or a downlink data transmission. Accordingly, a communication node transmitting or receiving a PDSCH means that the communication node is transmitting or receiving a signal on a PDSCH.
[0027] Additionally, for at least some specifications, such as 5G NR, and / or for at least some types of control signals, a control signal that a communication node transmits may include control information comprising the information necessary to enable transmission of one or more data signals between communication nodes, and / or to schedule one or more data channels (or one or more transmissions on data channels) . For example, such control information may include the information necessary for proper reception, decoding, and demodulation of a data signals received on physical data channels during a data transmission, and / or for uplink scheduling grants that inform the user device about the resources and transport format to use for uplink data transmissions. In some embodiments, the control information includes downlink control information (DCI) that is transmitted in the downlink direction from a network device 104 to a user device 102. In other embodiments, the control information includes uplink control information (UCI) that is transmitted in the uplink direction from a user device 102 to a network device 104, or sidelink control information (SCI) that is transmitted in the sidelink direction from one user device 102 (1) to another user device 102 (2) , or from one network device 104 (1) to another network device 104 (2) .
[0028] Fig. 2 shows a flow chart of an example method 200 of wireless communication related to synchronization signals. At block 202, a network device 104 transmits frequency division multiplexing (FDM) information of a plurality of synchronization signals to a user device. At block 204, the network device 104 transmits the plurality of synchronization signals in a FDMed manner.
[0029] Fig. 3 shows a flow chart of another example method 300 of wireless communication related to synchronization signals. At block 302, a user device 102 receives frequency division multiplexing (FDM) information of a plurality of synchronization signals from a network device 104. At block 304, the user device 102 receives the plurality of synchronization signals in a FDMed manner.
[0030] In some implementations of the method 200 and / or the method 300, the FDM information includes an index corresponding to one or more global synchronization channel numbers (GSCNs) . In some of these implementations, the network device 104 transmits and / or the user device 102 receives the plurality of synchronization signals at one or more frequency positions corresponding to the one or more GSCNs. In addition or alternatively, in some of these implementations, a relationship between the index and the one or more GSCNs is predefined or is indicated by the network device 104.
[0031] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations of the method 200 and / or the method 300, the FDM information includes an index corresponding to one or more absolute radio frequency channel numbers (ARFCNs) and at least one global synchronization channel number (GSCN) . Ins some of these implementations, the network device 104 transmits and / or the user device 102 receives the plurality of synchronization signals at one or more frequency positions corresponding to the one or more ARFCNs and the at least one GSCN. In addition or alternatively, in some of these implementations, a relationship between the index and the one or more ARFCNs and the GSCN is predefined or is indicated by the network device. In addition or alternatively, in some of these implementations, the user device 102 performs a measurement based on one of the plurality of synchronization signals that is transmitted at a frequency position that corresponds to the GSCN. The measurement includes at least one of: a measurement for radio link monitoring, a measurement for link recovery, a measurement for handover, a measurement for cell management, or a pathloss measurement.
[0032] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations of the method 200 and / or the method 300, the FDM information includes an indication that indicates whether or not the plurality of synchronization signals is FDMed.
[0033] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations of the method 200 and / or the method 300, the FDM information includes a number of FDMed synchronization signals of the plurality of synchronization signals in one time instance.
[0034] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations of the method 200 and / or the method 300, the plurality of synchronization signals are first indexed in an ascending order in a time domain, and then indexed in an ascending order in a frequency domain.
[0035] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations of the method 200 and / or the method 300, the plurality of synchronization signals are first indexed in an ascending order in a frequency domain and then indexed in an ascending order in a time domain.
[0036] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations of the method 200 and / or the method 300, each synchronization signal of the plurality of synchronization signals corresponds to a frequency domain index and a time domain index. In some of these implementations, an index iSS of a synchronization signal of the plurality of synchronization signals is determined based on a frequency domain index corresponding to the synchronization signal, a time domain index corresponding to the synchronization signal, and a number of the plurality of synchronization signals that are multiplexed in one time instance. In particular of these implementations, the index iSS of the synchronization signal of the plurality of synchronization signals is determined according to: iSS=iF+iT· (M-1) , where iF is a frequency domain index corresponding to the synchronization signal, iT is a time domain index corresponding to the synchronization signal, and M is a number of the plurality of synchronization signals that are multiplexed in one time instance. In other of these implementations, an index iSS of a synchronization signal of the plurality of synchronization signals is determined according to: iSS=iF· (N-1) +iT, where iF is a frequency domain index corresponding to the synchronization signal, iT is a time domain index corresponding to the synchronization signal, and N is a number of the plurality of synchronization signals in a same frequency domain resources in one period.
[0037] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations of the method 200 and / or the method 300, the FDM information includes frequency domain indexes of the plurality of synchronization signals.
[0038] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations of the method 200 and / or the method 300, the FDM information includes a frequency offset between adjacent synchronization signals of the plurality of synchronization signals in a frequency domain.
[0039] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations of the method 200 and / or the method 300, a center frequency element of each synchronization signal corresponds to a synchronization raster.
[0040] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations of the method 200 and / or the method 300, the FDM information includes at least one of: a muting pattern in a frequency domain for the plurality of synchronization signals, where the muting pattern indicates which of the plurality of synchronization signals in the frequency domain is muted; or a muting pattern in a time domain for the plurality of synchronization signals, wherein the muting pattern indicates which of the plurality of synchronization signals in the time domain is muted. In some of these implementations, the network device 104 transmits a synchronization signal of the plurality of synchronization signals when neither the muting pattern in the frequency domain nor the muting pattern in the time domain indicates to mute the synchronization signal.
[0041] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations of the method 200 and / or the method 300, an initial downlink (DL) bandwidth part (BWP) is defined by a location and a number of contiguous physical resource blocks (PRBs) , starting from a first PRB with a lowest index and ending at a second PRB with the highest index among PRBs of: the plurality of synchronization signals, control resource sets (CORESETs) associated with the plurality of synchronization signals, or a combination of the plurality of synchronization signals and the CORESETs associated with the plurality of synchronization signals.
[0042] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations of the method 200 and / or the method 300, different indexes are mapped to the plurality of synchronization signals in different periods. In some of these implementations, during a pattern window, the user device 102 receives the plurality of synchronization signals with the different indexes at a same frequency. In some of these implementations, the pattern window is predefined or indicated by the network device 104.
[0043] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations of the method 200 and / or the method 300, the network device 104 transmits and / or the user device 102 receives the FDM information via at least one of: a primary synchronization signal (PSS) , a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) , a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) , a reference signal of the plurality of synchronization signals or a master information block (MIB) . In some of these implementations, the network device 104 transmits and / or the user device 102 receives the FDM information via: the PSS and the SSS jointly, the PSS and the PBCH jointly, the SSS and the PBCH jointly, the PSS and the MIB jointly, the SSS and the MIB jointly, the PSS and the reference signal jointly, the SSS and the reference signal jointly, the PBCH and the MIB jointly, the reference signal and the MIB jointly, or the reference signal and the PBCH jointly.
[0044] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations of the method 200 and / or the method 300, the network device 104 indicates and / or the user device 102 receives an index that corresponds to the FDM information and control resource set (CORESET) information of a CORESET. In some of these implementations, the CORESET information includes at least one of:a synchronization signal (SS) / physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block and CORESET multiplexing pattern, a number of RBs of the CORESET, a number of symbols of the CORESET, or an offset between the plurality of synchronization signals and the CORESET.
[0045] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations of the method 200 and / or the method 300, the network device 104 transmits and / or the user device 102 receives an index that corresponds to: the FDM information and common search space (CSS) information; the FDM information and global synchronization channel number (GSCN) information, wherein the GSCN information comprises a GSCN offset; the FDM information and subcarrier spacing (SCS) information, wherein the SCS information comprises at least one of: a subcarrier spacing for a system information block 1 (SIB1) and / or a SCS offset between the plurality of synchronization signals and a resource block grid; the FDM information and system frame information, wherein the system frame information comprises a system frame number; or the FDM information and demodulation reference signal (DMRS) information.
[0046] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations of the method 200 and / or the method 300, the network device 104 indicates to the user device 102 a lowest frequency of a plurality of frequencies of the plurality of synchronization signals.
[0047] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations of the method 200 and / or the method 300, the network device 104 transmits and / or the user device 102 receives an indication of an association configuration including a plurality of associations between the plurality of synchronization signals and one or more control resource sets (CORESETs) , one or more CORESET occasions, or one or more physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) monitoring occasions. In some of these implementations, for the association configuration, each association is between: only one synchronization signal and at least one of the one or more CORESETs, at least one of the one or more CORESET occasions, or at least one of the one or more PDCCH monitoring occasions, or only one CORESET, only one CORESET occasion, or only one PDCCH monitoring occasion and at least one synchronization signal.
[0048] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations of the method 200 and / or the method 300, the network device 104 transmits and / or the user device 102 receives an indication of a number of control resource sets (CORESETs) , a number of CORESET occasions, or a number of PDCCH monitoring occasions associated with the plurality of synchronization signals.
[0049] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations of the method 200 and / or the method 300, wherein the network device 104 transmits and / or the user device 102 receives an indication of a frequency offset between the plurality of synchronization signals and an associated control resource set (CORESET) , an associated CORESET occasion, or an associated physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) monitoring occasion. In some of these implementations, multiple synchronization signals are associated with only one CORESET, only one CORESET occasion, or only one PDCCH monitoring occasion, and the frequency offset is relative to a synchronization signal of the multiple synchronization signals associated with the only one CORESET, the only one CORESET occasion, or the only one PDCCH monitoring occasion that has a lowest frequency.
[0050] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations of the method 200 and / or the method 300, the user device 102 derives an index of a slot to monitor a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) in a common search space (CSS) based on a frequency domain index iF of a synchronization signal and a number of the plurality of synchronization signals in one time instance.
[0051] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations of the method 200 and / or the method 300, the plurality of synchronization signals includes a first set of synchronization signals and a second set of synchronization signals, wherein the synchronization signals in the second set are FDMed in one time instance and the synchronization signals in the second set are associated with the synchronization signals in the first set. In some of these implementations, the network device 104 transmits and / or the user device 102 receives an indication of at least one of: a time offset between the synchronization signals in the first set and the synchronization signals in the second set; or a frequency offset between the synchronization signals in the first set and the synchronization signals in the second set. In addition or alternatively, in some of these implementations, the synchronization signals in the first set are associated with a set of physical random access channel (PRACH) resources, where each PRACH resource in the set of PRACH resources includes at least one of a PRACH occasion or a preamble. In some of these implementations, each synchronization signal in the second set is associated with a subset of the set of PRACH resources.
[0052] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations of the method 200 and / or the method 300, the network device 104 further transmits and / or the user device 102 further receives a plurality of reference signal, wherein an association configuration between the plurality of reference signals and the plurality of synchronization signals comprises a plurality of associations, wherein each association is between only one synchronization signal and one or more reference signals. In some of these implementations, for each association, the network device 104 transmits and / or the user device 102 receives an indication of at least one of: a time offset between a respective only one synchronization signal and a respective one or more reference signals; or a frequency offset between a respective only one synchronization signal and a respective one or more reference signals. In addition or alternatively, in some of these implementations, for each association, a respective one or more reference signals associated with a respective only one synchronization signal are within frequency resources of the respective only one synchronization signal. In addition or alternatively, in some of these implementations, for each association, the network device 104 transmits and / or the user device 102 receives an indication of a number of ports of a respective one or more reference signals associated with a respective only one synchronization signal. In addition or alternatively, in some of these implementations, each synchronization signal of the plurality of synchronization signals is associated with a set of physical random access channel (PRACH) resources, wherein each PRACH resource comprises at least one of a PRACH occasion or a preamble, and wherein each reference signal associated with a respective synchronization signal is associated with a subset of a respective set of PRACH resources associated with the respective synchronization signal.
[0053] Other methods and / or other implementations of the method 200 and / or the method 300 are possible, including but not limited to those that combine one or more aspects from each of two or more of the methods 200 and 300 and / or those that include fewer than all of the aspects for an above recited implementation of the method 200 and / or 300.
[0054] Further details of actions performed by communication nodes in the wireless communication system 100, any or all of which may be implemented in any of various implementations of the method 200, the method 300, and / or other methods, are now described.
[0055] In some implementations, a network device (e.g., a base station) 104 may transmit and / or indicate the frequency division multiplexing (FDM) information of a plurality of synchronization signals to a user device 102. Correspondingly, the user device 102 may receive the FDM information of the plurality of synchronization signals. In addition, the network device (e.g., base station) 104 may transmit the synchronization signals in a frequency division multiplexed (FDMed) manner to the user device 102. As used herein, signals (e.g., synchronization signals) transmitted in a FEDMed manner may be referred to as FDMed signals. Additionally, in particular of these implementations, the synchronization signals are FDMed according to the FDM information. In addition or alternatively, the synchronization signals are FDMed in one time instance. Accordingly, the network device (e.g., base station) 104 may transmit the FDMed synchronization signals to the user device 102, and the user device 102 may receive the synchronization signals from the network device 104.
[0056] Additionally, for at least some implementations, a synchronization signal may be a primary synchronization signal (PSS) , a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) , a PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) , or a synchronization signal block (SSB) (e.g., a SS (Synchronization Signal) / PBCH block) .
[0057] Additionally, as used herein unless expressly described otherwise, the term “synchronization signal” includes both the signal itself (i.e., the signal that is transmitted from a communication node (e.g., the network device 104) ) , and a synchronization signal occasion (SSO) . Generally, the term “synchronization signal occasion” refers to the time and frequency resources where the communication node (e.g., the network device 104) transmits the synchronization signal. In this way, description of the FDM information of the plurality of synchronization signals covers situations where the FDM information is of the synchronization signals themselves and / or is of the synchronization signal occasions in which the synchronization signals are transmitted. Similarly, description of the synchronization signals transmitted in a FDMed manner refers to the synchronization signals themselves being FDMed and / or the synchronization signals being transmitted in SSOs that are FDMed. Generally, unless expressly described otherwise, the terms “synchronization signal” and “synchronization signal occasion” can be used interchangeably or one can be replaced with the other, and the term “synchronization signal” also includes the time / frequency resources in which the synchronization signal is transmitted and / or received.
[0058] Additionally, a plurality of synchronization signals may be considered FDMed if the synchronization signals are transmitted in the same time domain resources and in different frequency domain resources.
[0059] Additionally, in some implementations, the FDM information of the plurality of synchronization signals may include an index that corresponds to one or more Global Synchronization Channel Numbers (GSCNs) . The network device (e.g., base station) 104 may transmit the synchronization signals at frequency position (s) corresponding to the one or more GSCNs, and / or the user device 102 may receive the synchronization signals at the frequency position (s) corresponding to the one or more GSCNs. In some of these implementations, a relationship between the index and the corresponding GSCN (s) is predefined or is indicated by the network device 104.
[0060] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the FDM information of the synchronization signals may include an index that corresponds to one or more synchronization rasters. The network device 104 may transmit the synchronization signals at frequency position (s) corresponding to the one or more synchronization rasters. The user device 102 may receive the synchronization signals at the frequency position (s) corresponding to the one or more synchronization rasters. In some of these implementations, a relationship between the index and the corresponding synchronization rasters is predefined or is indicated by the network device 104.
[0061] In addition or alternatively, in some implementation, the FDM information of the synchronization signals may include an index that corresponds to one or more Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Numbers (ARFCNs) . The network device 104 may transmit the synchronization signals at frequency position (s) corresponding to the ARFCNs. The user device 102 may receive the synchronization signals at the frequency position (s) corresponding to the one or more ARFCNs. In some of these implementations, a relationship between the index and the corresponding ARFCNs is predefined or indicated by the network device 104.
[0062] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the FDM information of the synchronization signal may include an index that corresponds to one or more ARFCNs and one or more GSCNs. The network device 104 may transmit the synchronization signals at frequency position (s) corresponding to the one or more ARFCNs and the one or more GSCNs. The user device 102 may receive the synchronization signals at the frequency position (s) corresponding to the one or more ARFCNs and the one or more GSCNs. In some of these implementations, a relationship between the index and the corresponding one or more ARFCNs and the one or more GSCNs is predefined or is indicated by the network device 104.
[0063] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the FDM information of the synchronization signals may include an index that corresponds to one or more ARFCNs and one (e.g., only one) GSCN. The network device 104 may transmit the synchronization signals at frequency position (s) corresponding to the one or more ARFCNs and the GSCN. The user device 102 may receive the synchronization signals at the frequency position (s) corresponding to the one or more ARFCNs and the GSCN. In some of these implementations, a relationship between the index and the corresponding one or more ARFCNs and the GSCN is predefined or indicated by the network device 104. In addition or alternatively, in some of these implementations, a measurement may be based on at least one of the synchronization signals transmitted at a frequency position corresponding to the GSCN. In particular of these implementations, the measurement may include a measurement for radio link monitoring, a measurement for link recovery, a measurement for handover, a measurement for cell management, or pathloss measurement, as non-limiting examples. Other types of measurements are possible.
[0064] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the FDM information of the synchronization signals may include an index that corresponds to one or more ARFCNs and one or more synchronization rasters. The network device 104 may transmit the synchronization signals at frequency position (s) corresponding to the one or more ARFCNs and the one or more synchronization rasters. The user device 102 may receive the synchronization signals at the frequency position (s) corresponding to the one or more ARFCNs and the one or more synchronization rasters. In some of these implementations, a relationship between the index and the corresponding one or more ARFCNs and the one or more synchronization rasters is predefined or is indicated by the network device 104.
[0065] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the FDM information of the synchronization signals may include an indication that indicates whether or not the synchronization signal is FDMed. In some of these implementations where there is only one synchronization signal in each time instance, the only one synchronization signal is not FDMed. In other of these implementations where there are two or more synchronization signals in each time instance, the two or more synchronization signals are FDMed. Whether the synchronization signal is FDMed or not can may also be predefined.
[0066] In addition or alternatively, in some of these implementations, the FDM information of the synchronization signals may include a number of FDMed synchronization signals in one time instance. In this context as used herein unless expressly described otherwise, the term “number” refers to a particular numerical value indicative of an exact or specific quantity or amount, as opposed to being used to generically refer to an unspecified amount relatively considered to be “many” . Additionally, in some of these implementations, the number of synchronization signals in one time instance may be predefined, such as predefined per band and / or predefined in a specification or protocol, such as according to which the communication nodes in the wireless communication system 100 are configured to communicate and / or operate.
[0067] Fig. 4 is a time-frequency plot showing an example of a plurality of synchronization signals (SS) configured in a plurality of time instances. As shown in the Fig. 4, the example includes six synchronization signals (i.e., SS#0, SS#1, SS#2, SS#3, SS#4 and SS#5) , which are transmitted from the network device 104 to a user device 102. A first set of three synchronization signals (SS#0, SS#1 and SS#2) are FDMed in the first time instance, and a second set of three synchronization signals (SS#3, SS#4 and SS#5) are FDMed in the second time instance. Accordingly, in this example, the number of FDMed synchronization signals in one time instance is three.
[0068] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the synchronization signals are first or initially indexed in an ascending order in the time domain and then indexed in an ascending order in the frequency domain. Accordingly, in such implementations, the indexes of the synchronization signals become larger with the increase in time, and the indexes of the synchronization signals become larger with the increase in frequency. Fig. 4 is an example of this implementation. In this case, the FDMed synchronization signals in one time instance have consecutive indexes.
[0069] In some other implementations, the synchronization signals are first or initially indexed in an ascending order in the frequency domain and then indexed in an ascending order in the time domain. In such implementations, the synchronization signals in the same frequency resource have consecutive indexes. In some cases, these other implementations may facilitate backward compatibility.
[0070] In some other implementations, the synchronization signals are first indexed in an ascending order in the time domain and then indexed in an descending order in the frequency domain. In other implementations, the synchronization signals are first indexed in an descending order in the frequency domain and then indexed in an ascending order in the time domain.
[0071] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the FDM information of the synchronization signals may include an index of at least one of the synchronization signals.
[0072] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, each synchronization signal may correspond to a (or one) respective frequency domain index and a (or one) respective time domain index. In some of these implementations, regarding the time domain index, the synchronization signals may be indexed in an ascending order in the time domain. In addition or alternatively, in some of these implementations, regarding the frequency domain index, the synchronization signals may indexed in an ascending order in the frequency domain from lower frequency to higher frequency. In other of these implementations, regarding the frequency domain index, the synchronization signals may be indexed in an ascending order in frequency domain from higher frequency to lower frequency.
[0073] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the FDM information of the synchronization signals may include a frequency domain index for each synchronization signal, and / or a time domain index for each synchronization signal. In some of these implementations, suppose the frequency domain index and the time domain index of one synchronization signal are iF and iT, respectively. The index of the synchronization signal (iSS) is iSS=iF+iT· (M-1) . In particular of these implementations, the synchronization signals are indexed firstly in an ascending order in the time domain and secondly in an ascending order in the frequency domain. In other of these implementations, the index of the synchronization signal (iSS) is iSS=iF· (N-1)+iT. In particular of these other implementations, the synchronization signals are indexed firstly in an ascending order in the frequency domain and secondly in an ascending order in the time domain. In the above mathematical formulas, M is the number of FDMed synchronization signals in one time instance, and N is the number of synchronization signals in the same frequency domain resources in one period. Additionally, in some of these implementations, the period may be a period for one synchronization burst set. In addition or alternatively, in some of these implementations, physical random access channel (PRACH) resources are associated with the index of one synchronization signal.
[0074] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the FDM information of the synchronization signals may include a frequency offset between adjacent synchronization signals in the frequency domain. The frequency offset may indicate a number of resource elements / blocks, a value of a synchronization raster offset, a value of a channel raster offset, or a value of a GSCN (Global Synchronization Channel Number) offset. In addition or alternatively, the frequency offset may indicate at least one of the following: a frequency offset between the start of the synchronization signal in the higher frequency to the start of the synchronization signal in the lower frequency; the frequency offset between the start of the synchronization signal in the higher frequency to the end of the synchronization signal in the lower frequency; or the frequency offset between the center of the synchronization signal in the higher frequency to the center of the synchronization signal in the lower frequency.
[0075] In some implementations, the term “frequency” may refer to the frequency of the center of the resource element. Correspondingly, in some implementations, the frequency offset may refer to the offset between the center of the starting resource element and the center of the end resource element. In this case, the “the start of the synchronization signal” described above refers to the “the center of the starting resource element of the synchronization signal” ; the “the end of the synchronization signal” described above refers to the “the center of the end resource element of the synchronization signal” ; and the “the center of the synchronization signal” described above refers to the “the center of the center resource element of the synchronization signal” .
[0076] Fig. 5 is a time-frequency plot showing the example in Fig. 4 that further implements an example frequency offset. In the example, specifically, the frequency offset is between the start of the synchronization signal in the higher frequency to the end of the synchronization signal in the lower frequency. For example, in Fig. 5, the frequency offset is between the start of the synchronization signal SS#1 to the end of the synchronization signal SS#0.
[0077] Fig. 6 is a time-frequency plot showing the example in Fig. 4 that further implements another frequency offset. As shown in Fig. 6, the frequency offset is between the center of the synchronization signal in the higher frequency to the center of the synchronization signal in the lower frequency. In some implementations of the example in Fig. 6, the frequency offset may indicate a value of a GSCN offset. For example, in Fig. 6, the value of the GSCN offset between SS#0 and SS#1 is 1.
[0078] In some implementations, the center frequency element of each synchronization signal may correspond to a synchronization raster. For example, a synchronization signal may occupies 2k-1 resource elements, where k is an integer number and k>0, the resource element with index k-1 is considered the center frequency element, and the resource element index starts from 0. For another example, the synchronization signal occupies 2k resource elements, where k is integer number and k>0, the resource element with index k or k-1 is considered the center frequency element, and the resource element index starts from 0. To illustrate, for a synchronization signal that occupies 240 resource elements, the resource element with index 120 can be considered to be the center frequency element.
[0079] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the FDM information of the synchronization signals includes a muting pattern in the frequency domain. The muting pattern in such implementations may indicate which synchronization signal in the frequency domain is muted. In some of these implementations, the muting pattern in the frequency domain may be a bitmap, where each bit of the bitmap corresponds to a respective one or a group of synchronization signals in the frequency domain. Referring back to Fig. 3 for example, the muting pattern in frequency domain may include three bits, where the first bit corresponds to SS#0 and SS#3, the second bits corresponds to SS#1 and SS#4, and the third bit corresponds to SS#2 and SS#5.
[0080] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the FDM information of the synchronization signals includes a muting pattern in the time domain for the synchronization signal. The muting pattern in such implementations may indicate which synchronization signal in the time domain is muted. Referring back to Fig. 3 for example, the muting pattern in the time domain may include two bits, where the first bit corresponds to SS#0, SS#1 and SS#2, and the second bit corresponds to SS#3, SS#4 and SS#5.
[0081] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the network device 104 may transmit, and / or the user device 102 may receive, a given synchronization signals when neither the muting pattern in the frequency domain nor the muting pattern in the time domain indicates to mute the given synchronization signal. In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the network device 104 may transmit, and / or the user device 102 may receive, a given synchronization signal when both the muting pattern in the frequency domain and the muting pattern in the time domain does not indicate to mute (or indicates not to mute) the given synchronization signal.
[0082] In addition, in some implementations involving one or more muting patterns, those (e.g., only those) synchronization signals that are not muted by the muting pattern are associated with PRACH resources, where the PRACH resources include a PRACH occasion and / or a preamble. In other words, only the synchronization signals that are transmitted by the network device 104 are associated with PRACH resources. The synchronization signals that not muted by the muting pattern may be associated with a second index, where the second index is used to associate PRACH resources with the synchronization signals not muted by the muting pattern.
[0083] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, each synchronization signal that is transmitted by the network device 104 may be mapped to a mapping index. In some of these implementations, the synchronization signals that are transmitted by the network device 104 may be indexed with the mapping index first in an ascending order in the time domain and indexed second in an ascending order in the frequency domain. In other of these implementations, the synchronization signals that are transmitted by the network device 104 may be indexed with the mapping index first in an ascending order in time domain and second in a descending order in frequency domain. Other ways of indexing with the mapping index are possible. Also, at least some of these implementations, the mapping indexes of the synchronization signals are associated with PRACH resources.
[0084] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the FDMed synchronization signals may be associated with PRACH resources in the same UL bandwidth part (BWP) . In other implementations, each of the FDMed synchronization signals is associated with a different UL BWP.
[0085] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, an initial DL BWP is defined by a location and a number of contiguous physical resource blocks (PRBs) . In some of these implementations, the contiguous PRBs start from a PRB with the lowest index and end at a PRB with the highest index among PRBs of the FDMed synchronization signals. In some other of these implementations, the contiguous PRBs start from a PRB with the lowest index and end at a PRB with the highest index among PRBs of one or more control resource sets (CORESET) associated with the FDMed synchronization signals. In some other of these implementations, the contiguous PRBs start from a PRB with the lowest index and end at a PRB with the highest index among PRBs of the FDMed synchronization signals and the PRBs of CORESET (s) associated with the FDMed synchronization signals. Through such implementations, the network device 104 and the user device 102 may align their respective understanding of the initial DL BWP for DL transmission.
[0086] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the initial DL BWP is defined by a location and a number of contiguous PRBs, where the contiguous PRBs start from a PRB with the lowest index and end at a PRB with the highest index among PRBs of a CORESET associated with each of the FDMed synchronization signals. To illustrate, suppose there are three FDMed synchronization signals in one time instance. Correspondingly, three initial DL BWPs are defined by each of the CORESETs associated with the three FDMed synchronization signals.
[0087] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the initial DL BWP is defined by a location and a number of contiguous PRBs, starting from a PRB with the lowest index and ending at a PRB with the highest index among PRBs of a CORESET associated with a synchronization signal, among the FDMed synchronization signals, received or selected by the user device 102.
[0088] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, different indexes may be mapped to the synchronization signals in different periods. In some of these implementations, a pattern window may be used, which may be predefined or indicated by the network device 104. During the pattern window, the user device 102 may receive synchronization signals with all different indexes at the same frequency. In any of various implementations using a pattern window, the pattern window may span or have a duration measured in any of various time units, such as milliseconds, slots, symbols or frames, as non-limiting examples.
[0089] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the network device 104 may indicate to the user device 102 one cyclic offset for one period. In such implementations, the indexes of synchronization signals in this period may be shifted by the cyclic offset relative to the synchronization signal indexes of a reference period. The reference period may be the first period in the pattern window, a period without a cyclic offset, or a period with a cyclic offset set as, or equal to, zero. In some of these implementations, for one synchronization signal with an index irefin the reference period, where the cyclic offset indicated by the network device 104 for one period is c, the synchronization signal in the period may be determined or defined by the following mathematical formula: ip=(iref+c) mod M, where M is the number of FDMed synchronization signals in one time instance, and the term “mod” refers to remainder operation.
[0090] Various other ways may be implemented to assign indexes of synchronization signals, such as ones dependent on network implementation.
[0091] Fig. 7 is a time-frequency plot showing an example of a plurality of synchronization signals (SS) in a plurality of periods. As shown in the example in Fig. 7, synchronization signals SS#0 and SS#3 are lowest in frequency in the first period, synchronization signals SS#1 and SS#4 are lowest in frequency in the second period, and synchronization signals SS#2 and SS#5 are located lowest in frequency in the third period. In this context, the user device 102 may receive synchronization signals with different indexes at the same frequency. In this case, a pattern window may be equal to the length of the three periods. Additionally, in the example, since there are three FDMed synchronization signals in one time instance, three candidate frequencies for the synchronization signals, and six synchronization signals at one candidate frequency, then the user device 102 may receive all six of the synchronization signals at the same candidate frequency, irrespective of which of the three candidate frequencies the six synchronization signals are bieng received. Additionally, in the example in Fig. 7, the cyclic offset for the second period is one, the cyclic offset for the third period is 2, and the reference period is the first period.
[0092] As previously described, the term “synchronization signal” is used herein to refer to both the signals themselves that are transmitted, as well as the synchronization signal occasions (SSO) that include the time and / or frequency resources in which the synchronization signals are transmitted. Though not intended to limit the scope of the term “synchronization signal” , the following includes further description with particular reference to SSOs, which demonstrates ways that the term “synchronization signal” can also cover the SSOs in which the signals themselves are transmitted.
[0093] In some implementation, the network device (e.g., base station) 104 may transmit or indicate FDM information of a plurality of synchronization signal occasions (SSOs) to the user device 102. Correspondingly, the user device 102 may receive the FDM information of the SSOs. In addition, the network device 104 may transmit the synchronization signals in the SSOs to the user device 102, where the SSOs are FDMed in one time instance. In other words, the network device 104 transmits the FDMed synchronization signals to the user device 102. In turn, the user device 102 may receive the synchronization signals from the network device 104.
[0094] Additionally, in some implementations, the SSOs in which the synchronization signals are transmitted may be considered to be FDMed when the synchronization signals are transmitted are in the same time domain resources and in different frequency domain resources.
[0095] Additionally, in some implementations, the FDM information of the SSOs includes an index that corresponds to one or more GSCNs. For at least some of these implementations, the SSOs may be located at frequency position (s) corresponding to the one or more GSCNs. The network device (e.g., base station) 104 may transmit the synchronization signal at frequency position (s) corresponding to the one or more GSCNs. Additionally, the user device 102 may receive the synchronization signal at frequency position (s) corresponding to the one or multiple GSCNs. In some of these implementations, a relationship between the index and the corresponding GSCN (s) may be predefined or indicated by the network device 104.
[0096] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the FDM information of the SSOs may include an index that corresponds to one or more synchronization rasters. In some of these implementations, the SSOs are located at frequency position (s) corresponding to the one or more synchronization rasters. The network device (e.g., base station) 104 may transmit the synchronization signals at frequency position (s) corresponding to the one or more synchronization rasters. Additionally, the user device 102 may receive the synchronization signals at frequency position (s) corresponding to the one or more synchronization rasters. In some of these implementations, a relationship between the index and the corresponding synchronization rasters may predefined or may be indicated by the network device 104.
[0097] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the FDM information of the SSOs may include an indication of whether or not the SSOs are FDMed. In implementations where there is only one SSO in each time instance, then the only one SSO is not FDMed. In implementations where there are at least two SSOs in each time instance, the SSOs are FDMed. In some of these implementations, whether or not the SSOs are FDMed may be predefined.
[0098] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the FDM information of the SSOs includes a number (e.g., represented or indicated by a particular value) of FDMed SSOs in one time instance. In some of these implementations, the number of SSOs in one time instance may be predefined, such as predefined per band and / or such as according to a specification or protocol according to which the communication nodes in the wireless communication system 100 are configured to operate and / or communicate with each other.
[0099] Referring back to the example in Fig. 4 the six SSs may also include or otherwise represent six SSOs, allocated to a user device 102, and denoted as SS#0, SS#1, SS#2, SS#3, SS#4 and SS#5. A first set of three SSOs (SS#0, SS#1 and SS#2) are FDMed in the first time instance, and a second set of three SSOs (SS#3, SS#4 and SS#5) are FDMed in the second time instance. The network device 104 may transmit the synchronization signals in these SSOs to the user device 102. The number of FDMed SSOs in one time instance in the example in Fig. 4 is three.
[0100] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the SSOs are first indexed in an ascending order in the time domain and then indexed in an ascending order in the frequency domain. In such implementations, the indexes of the SSOs become larger with the increase in time, and the indexes of the SSOs become larger with the increase in frequency. Fig. 4 is an example of this implementation. Additionally, in some of these implementations, the FDMed SSOs in one time instance have consecutive indexes.
[0101] In other implementation, the SSOs are first indexed in an ascending order in the frequency domain and then indexed in an ascending order in the time domain. In such implementations, the SSOs in the same frequency resource have consecutive indexes, which may facilitate backward compatibility.
[0102] In other implementations, the SSOs are first indexed in an ascending order in the time domain and then indexed in a descending order in the frequency domain. In other implementations, the SSOs are first indexed in a descending order in the frequency domain and then indexed in an ascending order in the time domain.
[0103] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the FDM information of the SSOs includes the index of the SSO.
[0104] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, each SSO corresponds to a (e.g., one) frequency domain index and a (e.g., one) time domain index. In some of these implementations, regarding the time domain index, the SSOs may be indexed in an ascending order in time domain. In addition or alternatively, in some of these implementations, regarding the frequency domain index, the SSOs may be indexed in an ascending order in the frequency domain from lower frequency to higher frequency. In other of these implementations, regarding the frequency domain index, the SSOs are indexed in an ascending order in frequency domain from higher frequency to lower frequency.
[0105] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the FDM information of the SSOs includes the frequency domain indexes of the SSOs and / or the time domain indexes of SSOs. To illustrate, suppose the frequency domain index and the time domain index of one SSO are iF and iT, respectively. In some of these implementations, the index of the SSO (iSS) is iSS=iF+iT· (M-1) . In particular of these implementations, the SSOs may be indexed firstly in an ascending order in the time domain and secondly in an ascending order in the frequency domain. In other of these implementations, the index of the SSO (iSS) is iSS=iF· (N-1) +iT. In particular of these other implementations, the SSOs may be indexed firstly in an ascending order in the frequency domain and secondly in an ascending order in the time domain. In the above mathematical formulas, M is the number of FDMed SSOs in one time instance, and N is the number of SSOs in the same frequency domain resources. Additionally, in some of these implementations, PRACH resources may be associated with the index of one SSO.
[0106] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the FDM information of the SSOs may include a frequency offset between adjacent SSOs in the frequency domain. As previously described, the frequency offset may indicate the number of resource elements / blocks, a value of a synchronization raster offset, a value of a channel raster offset, or a value of a GSCN offset. In addition or alternatively, the frequency offset may indicate the at least one of the following: a frequency offset between the start of the SSO in the higher frequency to the start of the SSO in the lower frequency; the frequency offset between the start of the SSO in the higher frequency to the end of the SSO in the lower frequency; or the frequency offset between the center of the SSO in the higher frequency to the center of the SSO in the lower frequency.
[0107] Referring back to the example in Fig. 5, the six SSs may represent six SSOs, depicted as SS#0, SS#1, SS#2, SS#3, SS#4, SS#5 and SS#6. The frequency offset is between the start of the SSO in the higher frequency to the end of the SSO in the lower frequency. For example, the frequency offset is between the start of SS#1 to the end of SS#0.
[0108] Referring back to Fig. 6, the six SSs may represent six SSOs, depicted as SS#0, SS#1, SS#2, SS#3, SS#4, SS#5 and SS#6. The frequency offset is between the center of the SSO in the higher frequency to the center of the SSO in the lower frequency. Additionally, the frequency offset may indicate the value of a GSCN offset. For example, in Fig. 5, the GSCN offset between SS#0 and SS#1 is 1.
[0109] In one implementation, the center frequency element of each SSO corresponds to the synchronization raster. For example, if the SSO occupies 2k-1 resource elements, where k is integer number and k>0, the resource element with index k-1 can be considered as the center frequency element. The resource element index is starting from 0; if the SSO occupies 2k resource elements, where k is integer number and k>0, the resource element with index k or k-1 can be considered as the center frequency element. The resource element index is starting from 0. For example, if the SSO occupies 240 resource elements, the resource element with index 120 can be considered as the center frequency element.
[0110] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the FDM information of the SSOs may include a muting pattern in the frequency domain. The muting pattern may indicate which SSOs in the frequency domain are muted. In some of these implementations, the muting pattern in the frequency domain may be a bitmap, where each bit of the bitmap corresponds to one SSO or a group of SSOs in the frequency domain. Referring to Fig. 4 for example, the muting pattern in the frequency domain may include four bits, where the first bit corresponds to SS#0 and SS#3, the second bits corresponds to SS#1 and SS#4, and the third bit corresponds to SS#2 and SS#5.
[0111] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the FDM information of the SSOs includes a muting pattern in the time domain for the SSOs. The muting pattern may indicate which SSO in the time domain is muted. Referring to Fig. 4 for example, the muting pattern in time domain may include two bits, where the first bit corresponds to SS#0, SS#1 and SS#2, and the second bit corresponds to SS#3, SS#4 and SS#5.
[0112] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the network device 104 may transmit a given synchronization signal in a given SSO if neither the muting pattern in the frequency domain nor the muting pattern in the time domain indicates to mute the given SSO. In addition or alternatively, the network device 104 may transmit the synchronization signal in the SSO if both the muting pattern in the frequency domain and the muting pattern in the time domain does not indicate to mute (or indicates not to mute) the given SSO.
[0113] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the SSOs (e.g., only those SSOs) not muted by the muting pattern are associated with PRACH resources, where the PRACH resources include a PRACH occasion and / or a preamble. The SSOs that are not muted by the muting pattern are associated with a second index, where the second index is used associated the SSOs with the PRACH resources.
[0114] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the FDMed SSOs may be associated with PRACH resources in the same UL BWP. In other implementations, each of the FDMed SSO is associated with a different UL BWP.
[0115] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the initial DL BWP is defined by a location and number of contiguous PRBs. In some of these implementations, the contiguous PRBs start from a PRB with the lowest index and ending at a PRB with the highest index among PRBs of the FDMed SSOs. In other of these implementation, the contiguous PRBs start from a PRB with the lowest index and end at a PRB with the highest index among PRBs of CORESETs associated with the FDMed SSOs. In other of these implementations, the contiguous PRBs start from a PRB with the lowest index and end at a PRB with the highest index among PRBs of the FDMed SSOs and the PRBs of CORESETs associated with the FDMed SSOs. Such implementations may help the user device 102 and the network device 104 align their understanding of the initial DL BWP for DL transmission.
[0116] Additionally, in some implementations, different indexes may be mapped to the SSOs in different periods. In some of these implementations, a pattern window may be predefined or indicated by the network device 104. During the pattern window, different indexes may be mapped to the SSOs at the same frequency. The duration or length of the pattern window may be determined or defined by any of various units of time, such as milliseconds, slots, symbols or frames, as non-limiting examples.
[0117] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the network device 104 may transmit or indicate, and / or the user device 102 may receive, one cyclic offset for one period. In such implementations, the indexes of the SSOs in this period may be shifted by the cyclic offset relative to the SSO indexes of a reference period. The reference period may be the first period in the pattern window, the period without a cyclic offset, or the period with a cyclic offset set as, or equal to, zero. In some implementations, for one SSO with index iref in the reference period, where the cyclic offset indicated by the network device 104 for one period is c, the SSO in the period is ip=(iref+c) mod M, where M is the number of FDMed SSOs in one time instance, and the term “mod” refers to a remainder operation. Other ways to assign the indexes of synchronization signals may be implemented, which may depend on network implementation.
[0118] In addition referring back to Fig. 7, the SSs may also or alternatively represent SSOs, where SS#0 and SS#3 are lowest in frequency in the first period, SS#1 and SS#4 are lowest in frequency in the second period, and SS#2 and SS#5 are lowest in frequency in the third period. In this context, the user device 102 may receive synchronization signals transmitted in the SSOs with different indexes at the same frequency. Additionally, in some of these implementations, the pattern window may be equal to the length to the three periods. Since there are three FDMed SSOs in one time instance, and three candidate frequency for the SSOs, and six SSOs at one candidate frequency, the user device 102 may receive all six synchronization signals at the same candidate frequency, irrespective of which of the three candidate frequencies the six synchronization signals are being received. Also, as previously described, in the example in Fig. 7, the cyclic offset for the second period is one, the cyclic offset for the third period is two, and the reference period is the first period.
[0119] Additionally, in some implementations, the network device 104 may indicate the FDM information of the synchronization signals to the user device via at least one of: a primary synchronization signal (PSS) , a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) , a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) , a reference signal of the synchronization signals, or a master information block (MIB) .
[0120] In some implementations where the network device 104 indicates the FDM information to the user device 102 via PSS, the user device 102 may obtain the FDM information relatively quickly since the user device 102 may receive the PSS first for synchronization procedures.
[0121] In some implementations where the network device 104 indicates the FDM information via SSS, the user device 102 may obtain the FDM information relatively quickly since the user device 102 may receive the SSS after detecting the PSS for synchronization procedures.
[0122] In some implementations where the network device 104 indicates the FDM information to the user device 102 via a PBCH, the user device 102 may obtain the FDM information relatively quickly after the user device 102 decodes the PBCH for synchronization procedures.
[0123] In some implementations where the network device 104 indicates the FDM information to the user device 102 via a reference signal of the synchronization signals, such as a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) of the synchronization signals or a DMRS of a PBCH, the user device 102 may obtain the FDM information relatively quickly after the user device 102 detects the DMRS for synchronization procedures.
[0124] In some implementations where the network device 104 indicates the FDM information to the user device 102 via a MIB, the user device 102 may obtain the FDM information relatively quickly after the UE receives the MIB for synchronization procedures.
[0125] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, one bit may be carried by the signal or channel indicating the FDM information (e.g., PSS, SSS, PBCH, reference signal of the synchronization signal, or MIB) , which may indicate whether or not the synchronization signals are FDMed. For example, a bit value of ‘1’ may indicate that the synchronization signals are FDMed and a bit value of ‘0’ may indicate that the synchronization signals are not FDMed (or are TDMed) .
[0126] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, a number of bits may be carried by the signal or channel indicating the FDM information (e.g., the PSS, SSS, PBCH, reference signal of the synchronization signal, or MIB) , which may indicate the number of FDMed synchronization signals in one time instance. For example, two bits may be carried by the signal or channel (e.g., PSS, SSS, PBCH, reference signal of the synchronization signal, or MIB) , having a bit value of ‘0’ or ‘00’ that indicate that the synchronization signal is not FDMed, and a bit value of ‘1’ or ‘1’ that indicates that the number of FDMed synchronization signals in one time instance is two.
[0127] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, a number of bits may be carried by the signal or channel indicating the FDM information (e.g., the PSS, SSS, PBCH, reference signal of the synchronization signal, or MIB) , which may indicate an index that corresponds to the number of FDMed synchronization signals in one time instance. In some of these implementations, a mapping between the index and the number of FDMed synchronization signals in one time instance may be predefined.
[0128] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, a number of bits may be carried by the signal or channel indicating the FDM information (e.g., the PSS, SSS, PBCH, reference signal of the synchronization signal, or MIB) , which may indicate frequency domain indexes of the synchronization signals. For example, two bits may be carried by the signal or channel (e.g., the PSS, SSS, PBCH, reference signal of the synchronization signal, or MIB) , where the bit value ‘0’ or ‘00’ may indicate a frequency domain index having a value of ‘0’ , and a bit value of ‘1’ or ‘01’ may indicate a frequency domain index having a value of ‘1’ , as non-limiting examples.
[0129] In addition or alternatively, in some embodiments, a number of bits may be carried by the signal or channel indicating the FDM information (e.g., the PSS, SSS, PBCH, reference signal of the synchronization signal, or MIB) , which may indicate the frequency offset between adjacent synchronization signals in the frequency domain. For example, two bits may be carried by the signal or channel (e.g., the PSS, SSS, PBCH, reference signal of the synchronization signal, or MIB) , where the bit value ‘0’ or ‘0’ may indicate that a frequency offset is 0 synchronization raster offset, and a bit value of ‘1’ or ‘01’ may indicate that a frequency offset is 1 synchronization raster offset, as non-limiting examples.
[0130] In addition or alternatively, in some embodiments, a number of bits may be carried by the signal or channel indicating the FDM information (e.g., the PSS, SSS, PBCH, reference signal of the synchronization signal, or MIB) , which may indicate an index that corresponds to a frequency offset between adjacent synchronization signals in the frequency domain. In some of these implementations, a mapping between the index and the frequency offset between adjacent synchronization signals in the frequency domain may be predefined.
[0131] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the FDM information of the synchronization signals may include a number of bits. To prevent these bits from impacting one particular signal or channel, in some implementations, the FDM information of the synchronization signals may be carried via a different signal, channel, or information jointly. In other implementations, some of the FDM information (e.g., whether or not the synchronization signal is FDMed, or the number of FDMed synchronization signals in one time instance) may be carried by one signal, channel, information (e.g., PSS) , while other FDM information (e.g., a frequency domain index of the synchronization signal, a frequency offset between adjacent synchronization signals in frequency domain) is carried by another signal, channel, or information (e.g., MIB) . In other implementations, for one particular FDM information (e.g., the number of FDMed synchronization signals in one time instance) , some bits (e.g., one or more rightmost bits) may be carried by one signal, channel, information (e.g., PSS) , while other bits (e.g., one or more leftmost bits) are carried by one signal, channel, information (e.g., SSS) .
[0132] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the network device 104 may indicate the FDM information to the user device 102 via a PSS and a SSS jointly. In such implementations, the user device 102 may obtain the FDM information quickly after receiving the PSS and the SSS.
[0133] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the network device 104 may indicate the FDM information to the user device 102 via a PSS and a PBCH jointly. In such implementations, the user device 102 may obtain the FDM information quickly after receiving the PSS and the PBCH.
[0134] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the network device 104 may indicate the FDM information to the user device 102 via a SSS and a PBCH jointly. In such implementations, the user device 102 may obtain the FDM information quickly after receiving the SSS and the PBCH.
[0135] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the network device 104 may indicate the FDM information to the user device 102 via a PSS and a MIB jointly. In such implementations, the user device 102 may obtain the FDM information quickly after receiving the PSS and the MIB.
[0136] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the network device 104 may indicate the FDM information to the user device 102 via a SSS and a MIB jointly. In such implementations, the user device 102 may obtain the FDM information quickly after receiving the SSS and the MIB.
[0137] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the network device 104 may indicate the FDM information to the user device 102 via a PSS and a reference signal of the synchronization signals jointly. In such implementations, the user device 102 may obtain the FDM information quickly after receiving the PSS and the reference signal of the synchronization signals.
[0138] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the network device 104 may indicate the FDM information to the user device 102 via a SSS and a reference signal of the synchronization signals jointly. In such implementations, the user device 102 may obtain the FDM information quickly after receiving the SSS and the reference signal of the synchronization signals.
[0139] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the network device 104 may indicate the FDM information to the user device 102 via a PBCH and a MIB jointly. In such implementations, the user device may obtain the FDM information quickly after receiving the PBCH and the MIB.
[0140] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the network device 104 may indicate the FDM information to the user device 102 via a reference signal of the synchronization signals and a MIB jointly. In such implementations, the user device 102 may obtain the FDM information quickly after receiving the reference signal of the synchronization signal and the MIB.
[0141] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the network device 104 may indicate the FDM information to the user device 102 via a reference signal of the synchronization signals and a PBCH jointly. In such implementations, the user device 102 may obtain the FDM information quickly after receiving the reference signal of the synchronization signals and the PBCH.
[0142] In addition or alternatively, in order to reduce the indication overhead of the FDM information, the FDM information may be indicated together with other information, such as via an index.
[0143] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the network device 104 may indicate an index to the user device 102, where the index corresponds to FDM information of the synchronization signals and control resource set (CORESET) information of a CORESET. In some of these implementations, the CORESET information includes a synchronization signal (SS) / physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block (SSB) and a CORESET multiplexing pattern, a number of resource blocks (RBs) of the CORESET, a number of symbols of the CORESET, and / or an offset between the synchronization signals and the CORESET.
[0144] To illustrate, Table 1 below shows an example of FDM information, where a plurality of indexes each correspond to a respective set of FDM information of synchronization signals and CORESET information of a CORESET. The CORESET information comprises SS / PBCH block and CORESET multiplexing pattern, number of RBs of the CORESET, number of symbols of the CORESET and / or offset between the synchronization and the CORESET. The FDM information may include an indication of whether the synchronization signals are FDMed or not, where a value of ‘1’ indicates that the synchronization signals are FDMed and a value of ‘0’ indicates that the synchronization signals are not FDMed.
[0145] Table 2 below shows another example of FDM information, where a plurality of indexes each correspond to a respective set of FDM information of synchronization signals and CORESET information of a CORESET. The CORESET information may include a SS / PBCH block and a CORESET multiplexing pattern, a number of RBs of the CORESET, a number of symbols of the CORESET, and / or an offset between the synchronization signals and the CORESET. The FDM information may include a number of FDMed synchronization signals in one time instance, where a value of ‘2’ indicates that two synchronization signals are FDMed and a value of ‘1’ may indicate that no synchronization signals are FDMed.
[0146] Table 1
[0147] Table 2
[0148] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the network device 104 may indicate to the user device 102 an index that corresponds to FDM information of the synchronization signals and a common search space (CSS) information. In some of these implementations, the CSS information may include PDCCH monitoring occasions, a number of search space sets per slot, a first symbol index, and / or other parameters to derive slots of the CSS.
[0149] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the network device 104 may indicate to the user device 102 an index that corresponds to the FDM information of the synchronization signals and GSCN. In some of these implementations, the GSCN information includes a GSCN offset.
[0150] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the network device 104 may indicate to the user device 102 an index that corresponds to the FDM information of the synchronization signal and subcarrier spacing information. In some of these implementations, the subcarrier spacing information includes a subcarrier spacing for a system information block 1 (SIB1) and / or a subcarrier spacing offset between the synchronization signals and a resource block grid.
[0151] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the network device 104 may indicate to the user device 102 an index that corresponds to the FDM information of the synchronization signals and system frame information. In some of these implementations, the system frame information includes a system frame number.
[0152] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the network device 104 may indicate to the user device 102 an index that corresponds to the FDM information of the synchronization signals and demodulation reference signal (DMRS) information. In some of these implementations, the DMRS information may include a position of a DMRS (e.g., a first DMRS) for one or more downlink and / or one or more uplink transmissions.
[0153] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the network device 104 may indicate to the user device 102 a frequency of a synchronization signal that is a lowest frequency among frequencies of the FDMed synchronization signals. In other implementations, the network device 104 may indicate to the user device 102 a frequency of the synchronization signal that is a highest frequency among the frequencies of the FDMed synchronization signals. In other implementations, the network device 104 may indicate to the user device 102 a frequency of a middle synchronization signal among the FDMed synchronization signals. If the number of FDMed synchronization signals is an odd number, i.e., 2k-1, where k is integer number and k>0, then the middle synchronization signal is the kth synchronization signal. If the number of FDMed synchronization signals is an even number, i.e., 2k, where k is integer number and k>0, then the middle synchronization signal may be the kth synchronization signal or the (k+1) th synchronization signal.
[0154] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the network device 104 may indicate and / or the user device 102 may receive an indication of one or more associations, such as in the form of an association configuration, between the synchronization signals and a CORESET, a CORESET occasion, or a PDCCH monitoring occasion. In some of these implementations, one (e.g., only one) synchronization signal may be associated with one or more CORESETs, one or more CORESET occasions, or one or more PDCCH monitoring occasions. In addition or alternatively, in some of these implementations, one (e.g., only one) CORESET, one (e.g., only one) CORESET occasion, or one (e.g., only one) PDCCH monitoring occasion may be associated with one or more synchronization signals.
[0155] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the network device 104 may indicate and / or the user device 102 may receive an indication of, for each association of the association configuration, the number of CORESETs, CORESET occasions, or PDCCH monitoring occasions associated with one (e.g., only one) synchronization signal. In other implementations, the network device 104 may indicate, for each association of the association configuration, the number of synchronization signals associated with one (e.g., only one) CORESET, CORESET occasion, or PDCCH monitoring occasion.
[0156] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the network device 104 may indicate, and / or the user device 102 may receive, a frequency offset between a given synchronization signal and an associated CORESET, CORESET occasion, or PDCCH monitoring occasion to the user device 102. For some of these implementations where multiple synchronization signals are associated with one CORESET, CORESET occasion, or PDCCH monitoring occasion, the frequency offset between the multiple synchronization signals and the associated one CORESET, CORESET occasion, or PDCCH monitoring occasion is relative to the one of the multiple synchronization signals with the lowest frequency that is associated with the one CORESET, CORESET occasion, or PDCCH monitoring occasion. For other of these implementations, the frequency offset is relative to the one of the multiple synchronization signals with the highest frequency that is associated with the one CORESET, CORESET occasion, or PDCCH monitoring occasion) . For still other of these implementations, the frequency offset is relative to the middle of the multiple synchronization signals that is associated with the one CORESET, CORESET occasion, or PDCCH monitoring occasion.
[0157] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the user device 102 may derive an index of a slot to monitor for PDCCHs in a CSS based on a frequency domain index of a synchronization signal (iF) and the number of FDMed synchronization signals in one time instance (N) .
[0158] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the user device 102 may monitor for PDCCHs in the CSS over two consecutive slots starting from slot n0. For a synchronization signal with an index i, the user device 102 may determine an index of slot n0 as located in a frame with system frame number (SFN) SFNC satisfying SFNC mod 2=0 if or in a frame with SFN satisfying SFNC mod 2=1 if
[0159] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the user device 102 may monitor for PDCCHs in the CSS over two consecutive slots starting from slot n0. For a synchronization signal with an index i, the UE determines an index of slot n0 as located in a frame with system frame number (SFN) SFNC satisfying SFNC mod 2=0 if or in a frame with SFN satisfying SFNC mod 2=1 if
[0160] Of note, in the above implementations, M and O are parameters to adjust the slot for PDCCH monitoring. In some implementations, these parameters may be indicated by the network device 104. In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the first symbol of the CORESET in slots n0 and n0+1 may be indicated by the network device 104 or may be predefined.
[0161] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the plurality of synchronization signals includes a first set of synchronization signals and a second set of synchronization signals, wherein the synchronization signals in the second set are FDMed in one time instance and the synchronization signals in the second set are associated with the synchronization signals in the first set.
[0162] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the network device 104 transmits an indication of at least one of: 1) a time offset between the synchronization signals in the first set and the synchronization signals in the second set; or 2) a frequency offset between the synchronization signals in the first set and the synchronization signals in the second set.
[0163] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the user device 102 receives an indication of at least one of: 1) a time offset between the synchronization signals in the first set and the synchronization signals in the second set; or 2) a frequency offset between the synchronization signals in the first set and the synchronization signals in the second set.
[0164] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the synchronization signals in the first set are associated with a set of physical random access channel (PRACH) resources, wherein each PRACH resource in the set of PRACH resources comprises at least one of a PRACH occasion or a preamble.
[0165] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, each synchronization signal in the second set is associated with a subset of the set of PRACH resources.
[0166] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the network device 104 may transmit, and / or the user device 102 may receive, two sets of synchronization signals to the user device 102, including a first set and a second set. The synchronization signals in the second set may be FDMed in one time instance, and the synchronization signals in the second set may be associated with the synchronization signals in the first set. In some of these implementations, the synchronization signals in the first set are not FDMed. For example, the first set may include only one synchronization signal in one time instance.
[0167] In addition or alternatively, in some implementation, the network device 104 may indicate, and / or the user device 102 may receive, a time offset between the synchronization signals in the first set and the synchronization signals in the second set. The time offset may be defined or measured in any of various types of units, such as slots or symbols, as non-limiting examples.
[0168] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the network device 104 may indicate, and / or the user device 102 may receive, a frequency offset between the synchronization signals in the first set and the synchronization signals in the second set. In some of these implementations, the frequency offset may indicate a number of resource elements or blocks, a value of a synchronization raster offset, or a value of a channel raster offset or a value of a GSCN offset. In addition or alternatively, in some of these implementations, the frequency offset is between the lowest resource element of the synchronization signals in the first set and the lowest resource element of the synchronization signals in the second set. In other of these implementations, the frequency offset is between the middle resource element of the lowest the synchronization signal in the first set and the middle resource element of the lowest synchronization signal in the second set.
[0169] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the network device 104 may indicate, and / or the user device 102 may receive, the FDM information of the synchronization signals in the second set. In addition or alternatively, the FDM information of the synchronization signals in the second set may include: whether or not the synchronization signal is FDMed or not, the number of FDMed synchronization signals in one time instance, at least one frequency domain index of the synchronization signals in the second set, and / or one or more frequency offsets between adjacent synchronization signals in the frequency domain.
[0170] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the network device 104 may indicate, and / or the user device 102 may receive an indication of, a time offset between the synchronization signals in the first set and the synchronization signals in the second set to the UE via the synchronization signals in the first set. As an example, the network device 104 may indicate a time offset between the synchronization signals in the first set and the synchronization signals in the second set to the user device 102 via a PSS, a SSS, a PBCH, a MIB, or a reference signal of the synchronization signals in the first set.
[0171] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the network device 104 may indicate, and / or the user device 102 may receive an indication of, a frequency offset between the synchronization signals in the first set and the synchronization signals in the second set via synchronization signals in the first set. As an example, the network device 104 may indicate a frequency offset between the synchronization signals in the first set and the synchronization signals in the second set to the UE via a PSS, a SSS, a PBCH, a MIB or a reference signal of synchronization signals in the first set.
[0172] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, a frequency of at least one synchronization signal in the first set is the same as a lowest frequency among the frequencies of the synchronization signals in the second set. In other implementations, a frequency of at least one synchronization signal in the first set is the same as a highest frequency among the frequencies of the synchronization signals in the second set. In other implementations, a frequency of at least one synchronization signals in the first set is the same as the frequency of a middle synchronization signal of the second set in the frequency domain.
[0173] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the lowest frequency among the frequencies of the synchronization signals in the first set is the same as the lowest frequency among the frequencies of the synchronization signals in the second set. In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the highest frequency among the frequencies of the synchronization signals in the first set is the same as the highest frequency among the frequencies of the synchronization signals in the second set. In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the frequency of the middle synchronization signal in the frequency domain in the first set is the same as the frequency of the middle synchronization signal in the frequency domain in the second set.
[0174] Fig. 8 a time-frequency plot of an example of synchronization signals in a plurality of sets, including a first set and a second set. In the example in Fig. 8, there are two synchronization signals, SS#0 and SS#1, in the first set and six synchronization signals, SS#0-1, SS#0-2, SS#0-3, SS#1-1, SS#1-2 and SS#1-3, in the second set. The synchronization signals SS#0-1, SS#0-2 and SS#0-3 are associated with SS#0, and the synchronization signals SS#1-1, SS#1-2 and SS#1-3 are associated with SS#1. The time offset is defined as an offset between the end of SS#0 and the start of SS#0-1 (or SS#0-2 or SS#0-3) . The frequency offset is defined as offset between the lower end of SS#1 and the lower end of SS#1-1.
[0175] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the synchronization signals in the first set are indexed in an ascending order in the time domain, and the synchronization signals in the second set that are associated with the same synchronization signal in the first set are indexed in an ascending order in frequency domain.
[0176] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, only the synchronization signals in the first set are associated with a CORESET. That is, the synchronization signals in the second set are not associated with a CORESET. In some of these implementations, the user device 102 may indicate the corresponding synchronization signals in the second set to the network device 104 via a PRACH resource.
[0177] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, only the synchronization signals in the first set are associated with a PRACH resource. That is, the synchronization signals in the second set are not associated with the PRACH resource. The user device 102 may indicate the corresponding synchronization signals in the second set to the network device 104 via the PRACH resource.
[0178] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, each of the synchronization signals in the first set are associated with a set of PRACH resources, where each PRACH resource includes a PRACH occasion and / or a preamble. Additionally, each synchronization signal in the second set associated with a synchronization signal in the first set is associated with a subset of the set of PRACH resources. For example, suppose a set of PRACH resources includes eight PRACH resources, and a synchronization signal in the first set is associated with the eight PRACH resources. Further, suppose there are two synchronization signals in the second set. Correspondingly, each synchronization signal in the first set may be associated with four of the eight PRACH resources-i.e., the set of eighth PRACH resources includes two subsets each including four PRACH resources. Based on a PRACH resource selected by the user device 102, the network device 104 may determine an appropriate beam direction for downlink transmission.
[0179] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the network device 104 further transmits a plurality of reference signals to the user device 102, wherein an association configuration between the plurality of reference signals and the plurality of synchronization signals comprises a plurality of associations, wherein each association is between only one synchronization signal and one or more reference signals. For each association, the network device 104 transmits an indication of at least one of: 1) a time offset between a respective only one synchronization signal and a respective one or more reference signals; or 2) a frequency offset between a respective only one synchronization signal and a respective one or more reference signals.
[0180] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the user device 102 further receives a plurality of reference signals from the network device 104, wherein an association configuration between the plurality of reference signals and the plurality of synchronization signals comprises a plurality of associations, wherein each association is between only one synchronization signal and one or more reference signals. For each association, the user device 102 receives an indication of at least one of: 1) a time offset between a respective only one synchronization signal and a respective one or more reference signals; or 2) a frequency offset between a respective only one synchronization signal and a respective one or more reference signals.
[0181] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, for each association, a respective one or more reference signals associated with a respective only one synchronization signal are within frequency resources of the respective only one synchronization signal.
[0182] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, for each association, the network device 104 transmits an indication of a number of ports of a respective one or more reference signals associated with a respective only one synchronization signal to the user device 102.
[0183] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, for each association, the user device 102 receives an indication of a number of ports of a respective one or more reference signals associated with a respective only one synchronization signal from the network device 104.
[0184] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, each synchronization signal of the plurality of synchronization signals is associated with a set of physical random access channel (PRACH) resources, wherein each PRACH resource comprises at least one of a PRACH occasion or a preamble, and wherein each reference signal associated with a respective synchronization signal is associated with a subset of a respective set of PRACH resources associated with the respective synchronization signal.
[0185] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the network device 104 may transmit, and / or the user device 102 may receive, synchronization signals and reference signals, where the reference signals are associated with the synchronization signals. In some of these implementations, one (e.g., only one) synchronization signal is associated with one or more reference signals. In addition or alternatively, in some of these implementations, a synchronization signal corresponds to a wide beam direction, while an associated reference signal corresponds to a narrower beam direction.
[0186] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the network device 104 may indicate, and / or the user device 102 may receive an indication of, a time offset between the synchronization signals and the associated reference signals. The time offset can be defined by or measured in any of various types of units, such as slot or symbols as non-limiting examples. In some of these implementations, the network device 104 may indicate the time offset between the synchronization signals and an earliest associated reference signal, and / or may indicate a time offset between the reference signals. In such implementations, the user device 102 may determine the time resources allocated for the reference signals associated with the synchronization signals.
[0187] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the network device 104 may indicate a frequency offset between the synchronization signals and the associated reference signals. The frequency offset may indicate a number of resource elements / blocks, a value of a synchronization raster offset, or a value of a channel raster offset or a value of a GSCN offset. In addition or alternatively, the frequency offset is between the lowest resource element of the synchronization signals and the lowest resource element of the associated reference signals. In addition or alternatively, the frequency offset is between the middle resource element of the synchronization signal having the lowest frequency and the middle resource element of the reference signal having the lowest frequency that is associated with the synchronization signal.
[0188] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, reference signals associated with a given synchronization signal are within the frequency resources of the given synchronization signal. For example, the reference signals associated with the given synchronization signal occupy the same frequency resources of the given synchronization signal.
[0189] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the network device 104 may indicate, and / or the user device 102 may receive an indication of, the number of reference signals associated with a given synchronization signal. The network device 104 may also indicate an index to the user device 102, where the index corresponds to the number of reference signals associated with the synchronization signal.
[0190] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, the network device 104 may indicate, and / or the user device 102 may receive an indication of, the number of ports of the reference signals associated with a given synchronization signal to the user device 102. In some of these implementations, the network device 104 may also indicate an index to the user device 102, where the index corresponds to the number of ports of the reference signals associated with the given synchronization signal.
[0191] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, a given synchronization signal is associated with a set of PRACH resources, where each PRACH resource includes a PRACH occasion and / or a preamble. Each of the reference signals associated with the given synchronization signal may be associated with a subset of the set of PRACH resources. For example, suppose the given synchronization signal is associated with eight PRACH resources and the given synchronization signal is associated with two reference signals. Correspondingly, each reference signal may be associated with a respective subset of four PRACH resources. Based on a PRACH resource selected by the user device 102, the network device 104 may determine the appropriate beam direction for downlink transmission.
[0192] In addition or alternatively, in some implementations, some of the PRACH resources are associated with a given synchronization signal but not associated with a reference signal. Such implementations may help a user device 102 (e.g., a user device incapable of utilizing narrow beam directions) to perform random access. The user device 102 selecting these PRACH resources may indicate to the network device 104 that the user device 102 is not capable of narrower beam directions.
[0193] Fig. 9 is a time-frequency plot of an example of a plurality of synchronization signals (SS) and associated reference signals (RS) . As shown in Fig. 9, the example includes two synchronization signals and six reference signals, where RS#0, RS#1 and RS#2 are associated with SS#0, and RS#3, RS#4 and RS#5 are associated with SS#1. A time offset is defined as an offset between the end of SS#0 and the start of the first RS associated with SS#0, i.e., the start of RS#0. Also, in the example in Fig. 9, the associated reference signals occupy the same bandwidth as the synchronization signal.
[0194] The description and accompanying drawings above provide specific example embodiments and implementations. The described subject matter may, however, be embodied in a variety of different forms and, therefore, covered or claimed subject matter is intended to be construed as not being limited to any example embodiments set forth herein. A reasonably broad scope for claimed or covered subject matter is intended. Among other things, for example, subject matter may be embodied as methods, devices, components, systems, or non-transitory computer-readable media for storing computer codes. Accordingly, embodiments may, for example, take the form of hardware, software, firmware, storage media or any combination thereof. For example, the method embodiments described above may be implemented by components, devices, or systems including memory and processors by executing computer codes stored in the memory.
[0195] Throughout the specification and claims, terms may have nuanced meanings suggested or implied in context beyond an explicitly stated meaning. Likewise, the phrase “in one embodiment / implementation” as used herein does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment and the phrase “in another embodiment / implementation” as used herein does not necessarily refer to a different embodiment. It is intended, for example, that claimed subject matter includes combinations of example embodiments in whole or in part.
[0196] In general, terminology may be understood at least in part from usage in context. For example, terms, such as “and” , “or” , or “and / or, ” as used herein may include a variety of meanings that may depend at least in part on the context in which such terms are used. Typically, “or” if used to associate a list, such as A, B or C, is intended to mean A, B, and C, here used in the inclusive sense, as well as A, B or C, here used in the exclusive sense. In addition, the term “one or more” as used herein, depending at least in part upon context, may be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic in a singular sense or may be used to describe combinations of features, structures or characteristics in a plural sense. Similarly, terms, such as “a, ” “an, ” or “the, ” may be understood to convey a singular usage or to convey a plural usage, depending at least in part upon context. In addition, the term “based on” may be understood as not necessarily intended to convey an exclusive set of factors and may, instead, allow for existence of additional factors not necessarily expressly described, again, depending at least in part on context.
[0197] Reference throughout this specification to features, advantages, or similar language does not imply that all of the features and advantages that may be realized with the present solution should be or are included in any single implementation thereof. Rather, language referring to the features and advantages is understood to mean that a specific feature, advantage, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present solution. Thus, discussions of the features and advantages, and similar language, throughout the specification may, but do not necessarily, refer to the same embodiment.
[0198] Furthermore, the described features, advantages and characteristics of the present solution may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. One of ordinary skill in the relevant art will recognize, in light of the description herein, that the present solution can be practiced without one or more of the specific features or advantages of a particular embodiment. In other instances, additional features and advantages may be recognized in certain embodiments that may not be present in all embodiments of the present solution.
[0199] The subject matter of the disclosure may also relate to or include, among others, the following aspects:
[0200] A first aspect includes a method for wireless communication that includes: transmitting, by a network device, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) information of a plurality of synchronization signals to a user device; and transmitting, by the network device, the plurality of synchronization signals in a FDMed manner.
[0201] A second aspect includes a method for wireless communication that includes: receiving, by a user device, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) information of a plurality of synchronization signals from a network device; and receiving, by the user device, the plurality of synchronization signals in a FDMed manner.
[0202] A third aspect includes any of the first or second aspects, and further includes wherein the FDM information comprises an index corresponding to one or more global synchronization channel numbers (GSCNs) .
[0203] A fourth aspect includes the third aspect, and further includes wherein the network device transmits the plurality of synchronization signals at one or more frequency positions corresponding to the one or more GSCNs.
[0204] A fifth aspect includes any of the third or fourth aspects, and further includes wherein the user device receives the plurality of synchronization signals at one or more frequency positions corresponding to the one or more GSCNs.
[0205] A sixth aspect includes any of the third through fifth aspects, and further includes wherein a relationship between the index and the one or more GSCNs is predefined or is indicated by the network device.
[0206] A seventh aspect includes any of the first through sixth aspects, and further includes wherein the FDM information comprises an index corresponding to one or more absolute radio frequency channel numbers (ARFCNs) and at least one global synchronization channel number (GSCN) .
[0207] An eighth aspect includes the seventh aspect, and further includes wherein the network device transmits the plurality of synchronization signals at one or more frequency positions corresponding to the one or more ARFCNs and the at least one GSCN.
[0208] A ninth aspect includes any of the seventh or eighth aspects, and further includes wherein the user device receives the plurality of synchronization signals at one or more frequency positions corresponding to the one or more ARFCNs and the at least one GSCN.
[0209] A tenth aspect includes any of the seventh through ninth aspects, and further includes wherein a relationship between the index and the one or more ARFCNs and the GSCN is predefined or is indicated by the network device.
[0210] An eleventh aspect includes any of the seventh through tenth aspects, and further includes wherein the user device performs a measurement based on one of the plurality of synchronization signals that is transmitted at a frequency position that corresponds to the GSCN, wherein the measurement comprises at least one of: a measurement for radio link monitoring, a measurement for link recovery, a measurement for handover, a measurement for cell management, or a pathloss measurement.
[0211] A twelfth aspect includes any of the first through eleventh aspects, and further includes wherein the FDM information comprises an indication that indicates whether or not the plurality of synchronization signals is FDMed.
[0212] A thirteenth aspect includes any of the first through twelfth aspects, and further includes wherein the FDM information comprises a number of FDMed synchronization signals of the plurality of synchronization signals in one time instance.
[0213] A fourteenth aspect includes any of the first through thirteenth aspects, and further includes wherein the plurality of synchronization signals are first indexed in an ascending order in a time domain, and then indexed in an ascending order in a frequency domain.
[0214] A fifteenth aspect includes any of the first through thirteenth aspects, and further includes wherein the plurality of synchronization signals are first indexed in an ascending order in a frequency domain and then indexed in an ascending order in a time domain.
[0215] A sixteenth aspect includes any of the first through fifteenth aspects, and further includes wherein each synchronization signal of the plurality of synchronization signals corresponds to a frequency domain index and a time domain index.
[0216] A seventeenth aspect includes the sixteenth aspect, and further includes wherein an index iSS of a synchronization signal of the plurality of synchronization signals is determined based on the frequency domain index corresponding to the synchronization signal, the time domain index corresponding to the synchronization signal, and the number of the plurality of synchronization signals that are multiplexed in one time instance.
[0217] An eighteenth aspect includes the sixteenth aspect, and further includes wherein an index iSS of a synchronization signal of the plurality of synchronization signals is determined according to: iSS=iF· (N-1) +iT, where iF is a frequency domain index corresponding to the synchronization signal, iT is a time domain index corresponding to the synchronization signal, and N is a number of the plurality of synchronization signals in a same frequency domain resources in one period.
[0218] A nineteenth aspect includes any of the first through eighteenth aspects, and further includes wherein the FDM information comprises frequency domain indexes of the plurality of synchronization signals.
[0219] A twentieth aspect includes any of the first through nineteenth aspects, and further includes wherein the FDM information comprises a frequency offset between adjacent synchronization signals of the plurality of synchronization signals in a frequency domain.
[0220] A twenty-first aspect includes any of the first through twentieth aspects, and further includes wherein a center frequency element of each synchronization signal corresponds to a synchronization raster.
[0221] A twenty-second aspect includes any of the first through twenty-first aspects, and further includes wherein the FDM information comprises at least one of: a muting pattern in a frequency domain for the plurality of synchronization signals, wherein the muting pattern indicates which of the plurality of synchronization signals in the frequency domain is muted; or a muting pattern in a time domain for the plurality of synchronization signals, wherein the muting pattern indicates which of the plurality of synchronization signals in the time domain is muted.
[0222] A twenty-third aspect includes the twenty-second aspect, and further includes wherein the network device transmits and / or the user device receives a synchronization signal of the plurality of synchronization signals when neither the muting pattern in the frequency domain nor the muting pattern in the time domain indicates to mute the synchronization signal.
[0223] A twenty-fourth aspect includes any of the first through twenty-third aspects, and further includes wherein an initial downlink (DL) bandwidth part (BWP) is defined by a location and a number of contiguous physical resource blocks (PRBs) , starting from a first PRB with a lowest index and ending at a second PRB with the highest index among PRBs of: the plurality of synchronization signals, control resource sets (CORESETs) associated with the plurality of synchronization signals, or a combination of the plurality of synchronization signals and the CORESETs associated with the plurality of synchronization signals.
[0224] A twenty-fifth aspect includes any of the first through twenty-fourth aspects, and further includes wherein different indexes are mapped to the plurality of synchronization signals in different periods.
[0225] A twenty-sixth aspect includes the twenty-fifth aspect, and further includes wherein during a pattern window, the user device receives the plurality of synchronization signals with the different indexes at a same frequency, wherein the pattern window is predefined or indicated by the network device.
[0226] A twenty-seventh aspect includes any of the first through twenty-sixth aspects, and further includes wherein the network device transmits the FDM information to the user device via at least one of: a primary synchronization signal (PSS) , a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) , a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) , a reference signal of the plurality of synchronization signals or a master information block (MIB) .
[0227] A twenty-eighth aspect includes the twenty-seventh aspect, and further includes wherein the network device transmits the FDM information via: the PSS and the SSS jointly, the PSS and the PBCH jointly, the SSS and the PBCH jointly, the PSS and the MIB jointly, the SSS and the MIB jointly, the PSS and the reference signal jointly, the SSS and the reference signal jointly, the PBCH and the MIB jointly, the reference signal and the MIB jointly, or the reference signal and the PBCH jointly.
[0228] A twenty-ninth aspect includes any of the first through twenty-eighth aspects, and further includes wherein the user device receives the FDM information from the network device via at least one of: a primary synchronization signal (PSS) , a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) , a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) , a reference signal of the plurality of synchronization signals or a master information block (MIB) .
[0229] A thirtieth aspect includes the twenty-ninth aspect, and further includes wherein the user device receives the FDM information via: the PSS and the SSS jointly, the PSS and the PBCH jointly, the SSS and the PBCH jointly, the PSS and the MIB jointly, the SSS and the MIB jointly, the PSS and the reference signal jointly, the SSS and the reference signal jointly, the PBCH and the MIB jointly, the reference signal and the MIB jointly, or the reference signal and the PBCH jointly.
[0230] A thirty-first aspect includes any of the first through thirtieth aspects, and further includes wherein the network device indicates an index to the user device, wherein the index corresponds to the FDM information and control resource set (CORESET) information of a CORESET.
[0231] A thirty-second aspect includes any of the first through thirty-first aspects, and further includes wherein the user device receives an index from the network device, wherein the index corresponds to the FDM information and control resource set (CORESET) information of a CORESET.
[0232] A thirty-third aspect includes any of the thirty-first or thirty-second aspects, and further includes wherein the CORESET information comprises at least one of: a synchronization signal (SS) / physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block and CORESET multiplexing pattern, a number of resource blocks (RBs) of the CORESET, a number of symbols of the CORESET, or an offset between the plurality of synchronization signals and the CORESET.
[0233] A thirty-fourth aspect includes any of the first through thirty-third aspects, and further includes wherein the network device transmits an index to the user device, wherein the index corresponds to: the FDM information and common search space (CSS) information; the FDM information and global synchronization channel number (GSCN) information, wherein the GSCN information comprises a GSCN offset; the FDM information and subcarrier spacing (SCS) information, wherein the SCS information comprises at least one of: a subcarrier spacing for a system information block 1 (SIB1) and / or a SCS offset between the plurality of synchronization signals and a resource block grid; the FDM information and system frame information, wherein the system frame information comprises a system frame number; or the FDM information and demodulation reference signal (DMRS) information.
[0234] A thirty-fifth aspect includes any of the first through thirty-fourth aspects, and further includes wherein the user device receives an index from the network device, wherein the index corresponds to: the FDM information and common search space (CSS) information; the FDM information and global synchronization channel number (GSCN) information, wherein the GSCN information comprises a GSCN offset; the FDM information and subcarrier spacing (SCS) information, wherein the SCS information comprises at least one of: a subcarrier spacing for a system information block 1 (SIB1) and / or a SCS offset between the plurality of synchronization signals and a resource block grid; the FDM information and system frame information, wherein the system frame information comprises a system frame number; or the FDM information and demodulation reference signal (DMRS) information.
[0235] A thirty-sixth aspect includes any of the first through thirty-fifth aspects, and further includes wherein the network device indicates, to the user device, a lowest frequency of a plurality of frequencies of the plurality of synchronization signals.
[0236] A thirty-seventh aspect includes any of the first through thirty-sixth aspects, and further includes wherein the network device transmits an indication of an association configuration comprising a plurality of associations between the plurality of synchronization signals and one or more control resource sets (CORESETs) , one or more CORESET occasions, or one or more physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) monitoring occasions.
[0237] A thirty-eighth aspect includes any of the first through thirty-seventh aspects, and further includes wherein the user device receives an indication of an association configuration comprising a plurality of associations between the plurality of synchronization signals and one or more control resource sets (CORESETs) , one or more CORESET occasions, or one or more physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) monitoring occasions.
[0238] A thirty-ninth aspect includes any of the thirty-seventh or thirty-eighth aspects, and further includes wherein for the association configuration, each association is between: only one synchronization signal and at least one of the one or more CORESETs, at least one of the one or more CORESET occasions, or at least one of the one or more PDCCH monitoring occasions, or only one CORESET, only one CORESET occasion, or only one PDCCH monitoring occasion and at least one synchronization signal.
[0239] A fortieth aspect includes any of the first through thirty-ninth aspects, and further includes wherein the network device transmits an indication of a number of control resource sets (CORESETs) , a number of CORESET occasions, or a number of PDCCH monitoring occasions associated with the plurality of synchronization signals.
[0240] A forty-first aspect includes any of the first through fortieth aspects, and further includes wherein the user device receives an indication of a number of control resource sets (CORESETs) , a number of CORESET occasions, or a number of PDCCH monitoring occasions associated with the plurality of synchronization signals.
[0241] A forty-second aspect includes any of the first through forty-first aspects, and further includes wherein the network device transmits an indication of a frequency offset between the plurality of synchronization signals and an associated control resource set (CORESET) , an associated CORESET occasion, or an associated physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) monitoring occasion to the user device.
[0242] A forty-third aspect includes any of the first through forty-second aspects, and further includes wherein the user device receives an indication of a frequency offset between the plurality of synchronization signals and an associated control resource set (CORESET) , an associated CORESET occasion, or an associated physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) monitoring occasion from the network device.
[0243] A forty-fourth aspect includes any of the forty-second or forty-third aspects, and further includes wherein multiple synchronization signals are associated with only one CORESET, only one CORESET occasion, or only one PDCCH monitoring occasion, and the frequency offset is relative to a synchronization signal of the multiple synchronization signals associated with the only one CORESET, the only one CORESET occasion, or the only one PDCCH monitoring occasion that has a lowest frequency.
[0244] A forty-fifth aspect includes any of the first through forty-fourth aspects, and further includes wherein the user device derives an index of a slot to monitor a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) in a common search space (CSS) based on a frequency domain index iF of a synchronization signal and a number of the plurality of synchronization signals in one time instance.
[0245] A forty-sixth aspect includes any of the first through forty-fifth aspects, and further includes wherein the plurality of synchronization signals comprises a first set of synchronization signals and a second set of synchronization signals, wherein the synchronization signals in the second set are FDMed in one time instance and the synchronization signals in the second set are associated with the synchronization signals in the first set.
[0246] A forty-seventh aspect includes the forty-sixth aspect, and further includes wherein the network device transmits an indication of at least one of: a time offset between the synchronization signals in the first set and the synchronization signals in the second set; or a frequency offset between the synchronization signals in the first set and the synchronization signals in the second set.
[0247] A forty-eighth aspect includes any of the forty-sixth or forty-seventh aspects, and further includes wherein the user device receives an indication of at least one of: a time offset between the synchronization signals in the first set and the synchronization signals in the second set; or a frequency offset between the synchronization signals in the first set and the synchronization signals in the second set.
[0248] A forty-ninth aspect includes any of the forty-sixth through forty-eighth aspects, and further includes wherein the synchronization signals in the first set are associated with a set of physical random access channel (PRACH) resources, wherein each PRACH resource in the set of PRACH resources comprises at least one of a PRACH occasion or a preamble.
[0249] A fiftieth aspect includes the forty-ninth aspect, and further includes wherein each synchronization signal in the second set is associated with a subset of the set of PRACH resources.
[0250] A fifty-first aspect includes any of the first through fiftieth aspects, and further includes wherein the network device further transmits a plurality of reference signals to the user device, wherein an association configuration between the plurality of reference signals and the plurality of synchronization signals comprises a plurality of associations, wherein each association is between only one synchronization signal and one or more reference signals.
[0251] A fifty-second aspect includes the fifty-first aspect, and further includes wherein for each association, the network device transmits an indication of at least one of: a time offset between a respective only one synchronization signal and a respective one or more reference signals; or a frequency offset between a respective only one synchronization signal and a respective one or more reference signals.
[0252] A fifth-third aspect includes any of the first through fifty-second aspects, and further includes wherein the user device further receives a plurality of reference signals from the network device, wherein an association configuration between the plurality of reference signals and the plurality of synchronization signals comprises a plurality of associations, wherein each association is between only one synchronization signal and one or more reference signals.
[0253] A fifty-fourth aspect includes the fifty-third aspect, and further includes wherein for each association, the user device receives an indication of at least one of: a time offset between a respective only one synchronization signal and a respective one or more reference signals; or a frequency offset between a respective only one synchronization signal and a respective one or more reference signals.
[0254] A fifty-fifth aspect includes any of the fifty-first through fifty-fourth aspects, and further includes wherein for each association, a respective one or more reference signals associated with a respective only one synchronization signal are within frequency resources of the respective only one synchronization signal.
[0255] A fifty-sixth aspect includes any of the fifty-first through fifty-fifth aspects, and further includes wherein for each association, the network device transmits an indication of a number of ports of a respective one or more reference signals associated with a respective only one synchronization signal to the user device.
[0256] A fifty-seventh aspect includes any of the fifty-first through fifty-sixth aspects, and further includes wherein for each association, the user device receives an indication of a number of ports of a respective one or more reference signals associated with a respective only one synchronization signal to the user device.
[0257] A fifty-eighth aspect includes any of the fifty-first through fifty-seventh aspects, and further includes wherein each synchronization signal of the plurality of synchronization signals is associated with a set of physical random access channel (PRACH) resources, wherein each PRACH resource comprises at least one of a PRACH occasion or a preamble, and wherein each reference signal associated with a respective synchronization signal is associated with a subset of a respective set of PRACH resources associated with the respective synchronization signal.
[0258] A fifty-ninth aspect includes a wireless communications apparatus that includes at least one processor and a memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the apparatus to perform any of the first through fifty-eighth aspects.
[0259] A sixtieth aspect includes a computer program product that includes a computer-readable program medium comprising code stored thereupon, the code, when executed by a processor, causing the processor to implement any of the first through fifty-eighth aspects.
[0260] In addition to the features mentioned in each of the independent aspects enumerated above, some examples may show, alone or in combination, the optional features mentioned in the dependent aspects and / or as disclosed in the description above and shown in the figures.
Claims
1.A method for wireless communication, the method comprising:transmitting, by a network device, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) information of a plurality of synchronization signals to a user device; andtransmitting, by the network device, the plurality of synchronization signals in a FDMed manner.2.A method for wireless communication, the method comprising:receiving, by a user device, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) information of a plurality of synchronization signals from a network device; andreceiving, by the user device, the plurality of synchronization signals in a FDMed manner.3.The method of any of claims 1 or 2, wherein the FDM information comprises an index corresponding to one or more global synchronization channel numbers (GSCNs) .4.The method of claim 3, wherein the network device transmits the plurality of synchronization signals at one or more frequency positions corresponding to the one or more GSCNs.5.The method of claim 3, wherein the user device receives the plurality of synchronization signals at one or more frequency positions corresponding to the one or more GSCNs.6.The method of any of claims 1 or 2, wherein the FDM information comprises an index corresponding to one or more absolute radio frequency channel numbers (ARFCNs) and at least one global synchronization channel number (GSCN) .7.The method of claim 6, wherein the network device transmits the plurality of synchronization signals at one or more frequency positions corresponding to the one or more ARFCNs and the at least one GSCN.8.The method of claim 6, wherein the user device receives the plurality of synchronization signals at one or more frequency positions corresponding to the one or more ARFCNs and the at least one GSCN.9.The method of any of claims 6 to 8, wherein the user device performs a measurement based on one of the plurality of synchronization signals that is transmitted at a frequency position that corresponds to the GSCN, wherein the measurement comprises at least one of: a measurement for radio link monitoring, a measurement for link recovery, a measurement for handover, a measurement for cell management, or a pathloss measurement.10.The method of any of claims 1 or 2, wherein the FDM information comprises an indication that indicates whether or not the plurality of synchronization signals is FDMed.11.The method of any of claims 1 or 2, wherein the FDM information comprises a number of FDMed synchronization signals of the plurality of synchronization signals in one time instance.12.The method of any of claims 1 or 2, wherein the plurality of synchronization signals are first indexed in an ascending order in a time domain, and then indexed in an ascending order in a frequency domain.13.The method of any of claims 1 or 2, wherein each synchronization signal of the plurality of synchronization signals corresponds to a frequency domain index and a time domain index.14.The method of claim 13, wherein an index iSS of a synchronization signal of the plurality of synchronization signals is determined based on a frequency domain index corresponding to the synchronization signal, a time domain index corresponding to the synchronization signal, and a number of the plurality of synchronization signals that are multiplexed in one time instance.15.The method of any of claims 1 or 2, wherein the FDM information comprises frequency domain indexes of the plurality of synchronization signals.16.The method of any of claims 1 or 2, wherein the FDM information comprises a frequency offset between adjacent synchronization signals of the plurality of synchronization signals in a frequency domain.17.The method of any of claims 1 or 2, wherein the FDM information comprises at least one of:a muting pattern in a frequency domain for the plurality of synchronization signals, wherein the muting pattern indicates which of the plurality of synchronization signals in the frequency domain is muted; ora muting pattern in a time domain for the plurality of synchronization signals, wherein the muting pattern indicates which of the plurality of synchronization signals in the time domain is muted.18.The method of claim 17, wherein the network device transmits a synchronization signal of the plurality of synchronization signals when neither the muting pattern in the frequency domain nor the muting pattern in the time domain indicates to mute the synchronization signal.19.The method of any of claims 1 or 2, wherein an initial downlink (DL) bandwidth part (BWP) is defined by a location and a number of contiguous physical resource blocks (PRBs) , starting from a first PRB with a lowest index and ending at a second PRB with the highest index among PRBs of: the plurality of synchronization signals, control resource sets (CORESETs) associated with the plurality of synchronization signals, or a combination of the plurality of synchronization signals and the CORESETs associated with the plurality of synchronization signals.20.The method of any of claims 1 or 2, wherein different indexes are mapped to the plurality of synchronization signals in different periods.21.The method of claim 20, wherein during a pattern window, the user device receives the plurality of synchronization signals with the different indexes at a same frequency, wherein the pattern window is predefined or indicated by the network device.22.The method of claim 1, wherein the network device transmits the FDM information to the user device via at least one of: a primary synchronization signal (PSS) , a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) , a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) , a reference signal of the plurality of synchronization signals or a master information block (MIB) .23.The method of claim 22, wherein the network device transmits the FDM information via: the PSS and the SSS jointly, the PSS and the PBCH jointly, the SSS and the PBCH jointly, the PSS and the MIB jointly, the SSS and the MIB jointly, the PSS and the reference signal jointly, the SSS and the reference signal jointly, the PBCH and the MIB jointly, the reference signal and the MIB jointly, or the reference signal and the PBCH jointly.24.The method of claim 2, wherein the user device receives the FDM information from the network device via at least one of: a primary synchronization signal (PSS) , a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) , a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) , a reference signal of the plurality of synchronization signals or a master information block (MIB) .25.The method of claim 24, wherein the user device receives the FDM information via: the PSS and the SSS jointly, the PSS and the PBCH jointly, the SSS and the PBCH jointly, the PSS and the MIB jointly, the SSS and the MIB jointly, the PSS and the reference signal jointly, the SSS and the reference signal jointly, the PBCH and the MIB jointly, the reference signal and the MIB jointly, or the reference signal and the PBCH jointly.26.The method of claim 1, wherein the network device indicates an index to the user device, wherein the index corresponds to the FDM information and control resource set (CORESET) information of a CORESET.27.The method of claim 2, wherein the user device receives an index from the network device, wherein the index corresponds to the FDM information and control resource set (CORESET) information of a CORESET.28.The method of claim 1, wherein the network device transmits an index to the user device, wherein the index corresponds to:the FDM information and common search space (CSS) information;the FDM information and global synchronization channel number (GSCN) information, wherein the GSCN information comprises a GSCN offset;the FDM information and subcarrier spacing (SCS) information, wherein the SCS information comprises at least one of: a subcarrier spacing for a system information block 1 (SIB1) and / or a SCS offset between the plurality of synchronization signals and a resource block grid;the FDM information and system frame information, wherein the system frame information comprises a system frame number; orthe FDM information and demodulation reference signal (DMRS) information.29.The method of claim 2, wherein the user device receives an index from the network device, wherein the index corresponds to:the FDM information and common search space (CSS) information;the FDM information and global synchronization channel number (GSCN) information, wherein the GSCN information comprises a GSCN offset;the FDM information and subcarrier spacing (SCS) information, wherein the SCS information comprises at least one of: a subcarrier spacing for a system information block 1 (SIB1) and / or a SCS offset between the plurality of synchronization signals and a resource block grid;the FDM information and system frame information, wherein the system frame information comprises a system frame number; orthe FDM information and demodulation reference signal (DMRS) information.30.The method of claim 1, wherein the network device indicates, to the user device, a lowest frequency of a plurality of frequencies of the plurality of synchronization signals.31.The method of claim 1, wherein the network device transmits an indication of an association configuration comprising a plurality of associations between the plurality of synchronization signals and one or more control resource sets (CORESETs) , one or more CORESET occasions, or one or more physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) monitoring occasions.32.The method of claim 2, wherein the user device receives an indication of an association configuration comprising a plurality of associations between the plurality of synchronization signals and one or more control resource sets (CORESETs) , one or more CORESET occasions, or one or more physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) monitoring occasions.33.The method of any of claims 31 or 32, wherein for the association configuration, each association is between:only one synchronization signal and at least one of the one or more CORESETs, at least one of the one or more CORESET occasions, or at least one of the one or more PDCCH monitoring occasions, oronly one CORESET, only one CORESET occasion, or only one PDCCH monitoring occasion and at least one synchronization signal.34.The method of claim 1, wherein the network device transmits an indication of a number of control resource sets (CORESETs) , a number of CORESET occasions, or a number of PDCCH monitoring occasions associated with the plurality of synchronization signals.35.The method of claim 2, wherein the user device receives an indication of a number of control resource sets (CORESETs) , a number of CORESET occasions, or a number of PDCCH monitoring occasions associated with the plurality of synchronization signals.36.The method of claim 1, wherein the network device transmits an indication of a frequency offset between the plurality of synchronization signals and an associated control resource set (CORESET) , an associated CORESET occasion, or an associated physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) monitoring occasion to the user device.37.The method of claim 2, wherein the user device receives an indication of a frequency offset between the plurality of synchronization signals and an associated control resource set (CORESET) , an associated CORESET occasion, or an associated physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) monitoring occasion from the network device.38.The method of claim 2, wherein the user device derives an index of a slot to monitor a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) in a common search space (CSS) based on a frequency domain index iF of a synchronization signal and a number of the plurality of synchronization signals in one time instance.39.A wireless communications apparatus comprising at least one processor and a memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the apparatus to perform a method of any of claims 1 to 38.40.A computer program product comprising a computer-readable program medium comprising code stored thereupon, the code, when executed by a processor, causing the processor to implement a method of any of claims 1 to 38.
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