Methods and apparatuses for UE centric clusters in a MIMO system
By employing uplink signal measurements to determine UE-centric clusters in CF-mMIMO systems, the method optimizes resource allocation and reduces interference, enhancing signal quality and coverage.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/116152
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-30
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-04
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems, particularly in cell-free massive MIMO (CF-mMIMO) systems, lack effective methods for determining UE-centric clusters, which are essential for optimizing signal transmission and reception, as they often rely on inefficient resource allocation and lack dynamic cluster management.
A method for determining UE-centric clusters based on uplink signal measurements, using a common resource pool for multiplexing and configuring UE-specific signals like SRS, PRACH, or PUCCH, to identify and manage network nodes, ensuring low overhead and detection complexity.
This approach enhances signal quality, reduces interference, and optimizes resource usage by dynamically forming UE-centric clusters, improving coverage and throughput in CF-mMIMO systems.
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Figure CN2024116152_04092025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR UE CENTRIC CLUSTERS IN A MIMO SYSTEMTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to methods and apparatuses for user equipment (UE) centric clusters in a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations (BSs) , which may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as UE, or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers, or the like) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .SUMMARY
[0003] An article "a" before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to "at least one" of those elements or "one or more" of those elements. The terms "a, " "at least one, " "one or more, " and "at least one of one or more" may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, "or" as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as "at least one of" or "one or more of" or "one or both of" ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase "based on" shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as "based on condition A" may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase "based on" shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase "based at least in part on. " Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a "set" may include one or more elements.
[0004] Some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein may include a UE for wireless communication. The UE may include: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the UE to: receive first configuration information for first uplink signal (s) or first downlink signal (s) ; transmit the first uplink signal (s) or receive the first downlink signal (s) based on the first configuration information; and receive information from first network nodes, which would serve the UE based on measurement results of the first uplink signal (s) or the first downlink signal (s) , from a set of first network nodes.
[0005] In some implementations of the UE described herein, the at least one processor is further configured to cause the UE to: determine resource (s) for the first uplink signal (s) from a resource pool based on the first configuration information, wherein the first configuration information includes at least one of the followings for the resource pool: one or more parameters indicating at least one of: a periodicity, an offset, a number of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol (s) in a slot, or position (s) of the OFDM symbol (s) in a slot; one or more parameters indicating at least one of a frequency bandwidth or a starting frequency position; or one or more parameters indicating at least one of a comb number or a cyclic shift (CS) number.
[0006] In some implementations of the UE described herein, the UE is not expected to transmit physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) on resource (s) of the resource pool.
[0007] In some implementations of the UE described herein, the at least one processor is further configured to cause the UE to determine that a number of antenna ports for transmitting the first uplink signal (s) is 1.
[0008] In some implementations of the UE described herein, the first configuration information includes a power parameter, and the at least one processor is configured to cause the UE to determine a transmission power for the first uplink signal (s) based on the power parameter.
[0009] In some implementations of the UE described herein, the first configuration information may further indicate at least one of the followings for transmitting the first uplink signal (s) : a comb offset value; a CS value; a sequence identification of the first uplink signal (s) ; or a number of antenna ports for transmitting the first uplink signal (s) .
[0010] In some implementations of the UE described herein, the first configuration information further indicates random hopping for the first uplink signal (s) .
[0011] In some implementations of the UE described herein, a resource set for the random hopping is associated with at least one of comb offset values or CS values, wherein the comb offset values are derived based on the comb number, and the CS values are derived based on the CS number.
[0012] In some implementations of the UE described herein, the at least one processor is further configured to cause the UE to determine a resource for each of the first downlink signal (s) in a set of resources associated with the set of first network nodes based on the first configuration information, and the first configuration information includes at least one of the followings for a resource pool associated with the set of resources: one or more parameters indicating at least one of: a periodicity, an offset, a number of OFDM symbol (s) in a slot, or position (s) of the OFDM symbol (s) in a slot; or one or more parameters indicating at least one of: a frequency bandwidth, a starting frequency position, a density of resource elements (REs) per resource block (RB) , or a set of RE indexes in one RB.
[0013] In some implementations of the UE described herein, the at least one processor is further configured to cause the UE to use rate matching for receiving physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) overlapped with the resource pool.
[0014] In some implementations of the UE described herein, a number of antenna ports for the first downlink signal (s) is 1; a code division multiplexing (CDM) type in resource mapping for the first downlink signal (s) is no CDM; or a same power is used for all of the set of first network nodes for transmitting the first downlink signal (s) .
[0015] In some implementations of the UE described herein, after receiving the first downlink signal (s) from the set of first network nodes, the at least one processor is further configured to cause the UE to: determine a set of measurement results, wherein each of the set of measurement results is determined based on one of the first downlink signal (s) ; and transmit a measurement report based on the set of measurement results.
[0016] In some implementations of the UE described herein, the measurement report includes: the set of measurement results; a first number of measurement results from the set of measurement results, and resource index (es) of the first downlink signal (s) associated with the first number of measurement results; resource index (es) of the first downlink signal (s) associated with a second number of measurement results from the set of measurement results or index (es) of the first network node (s) associated with the second number of measurement results; or the set of measurement results and index (es) of first network node (s) from the set of first network nodes recommended by the UE; wherein the first number is configured to the UE, or the second number is determined by the UE.
[0017] In some implementations of the UE described herein, a set of resources for the first downlink signal (s) includes one or more subsets of resources, each subset of resources is associated with a subset of first network nodes in the set of first network nodes, and the measurement report includes index (es) of subset (s) of first network nodes.
[0018] In some implementations of the UE described herein, receiving information from the first network nodes which would serve the UE based on measurement results of the first uplink signal (s) or the first downlink signal (s) comprises: receiving second configuration information for second uplink signal (s) or second downlink signal (s) , wherein the second configuration information is associated with a subset of the set of first network nodes; transmitting the second uplink signal (s) or receive the second downlink signal (s) based on the second configuration information; and receiving information from first network nodes, which would serve the UE based on measurement results of the first uplink signal (s) or the first downlink signal (s) and measurement results of the second uplink signal (s) or the second downlink signal (s) , from the subset.
[0019] Some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein may include a first network node for wireless communication. The first network node may include: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the first network node to: transmit, to a UE, first configuration information for a first uplink signal or a first downlink signal; receive the first uplink signal from the UE or transmit the first downlink signal to the UE based on the first configuration information; and transmit information to the UE in the case that the first network node would serve the UE based on a measurement result of the first uplink signal or the first downlink signal.
[0020] In some implementations of the first network node described herein, the at least one processor is further configured to cause the first network node to: determine resource (s) for the first uplink signal from a resource pool based on the first configuration information, wherein the first configuration information includes at least one of the followings for the resource pool: one or more parameters indicating at least one of: a periodicity, an offset, a number of OFDM symbol (s) in a slot, or position (s) of the OFDM symbol (s) in a slot; one or more parameters indicating at least one of a frequency bandwidth or a starting frequency position; or one or more parameters indicating at least one of a comb number or a CS number.
[0021] In some implementations of the first network node described herein, a number of antenna ports for the first uplink signal is 1; or the first configuration information includes a power parameter associated with a transmission power for the first uplink signal.
[0022] In some implementations of the first network node described herein, the first configuration information may further indicate at least one of the followings for the first uplink signal: a comb offset value; a CS value; a sequence identification of the first uplink signal; or a number of antenna ports for transmitting the first uplink signal.
[0023] In some implementations of the first network node described herein, the first configuration information further indicates random hopping for the first uplink signal.
[0024] In some implementations of the first network node described herein, a resource set for the random hopping is associated with at least one of comb offset values or CS values, wherein the comb offset values are derived based on the comb number, and the CS values are derived based on the CS number.
[0025] In some implementations of the first network node described herein, the at least one processor is further configured to cause the first network node to determine a resource for the first downlink signal from a resource pool based on the first configuration information, and the first configuration information includes at least one of the followings for the resource pool: one or more parameters indicating at least one of: a periodicity, an offset, a number of OFDM symbol (s) in a slot, or position (s) of the OFDM symbol (s) in a slot; or one or more parameters indicating at least one of: a frequency bandwidth, a starting frequency position, a number of REs per RB, or a set of RE indexes in one RB.
[0026] In some implementations of the first network node described herein, a number of antenna ports for transmitting the first downlink signal is 1; or a CDM type in resource mapping for the first downlink signal is no CDM.
[0027] In some implementations of the first network node described herein, the at least one processor is further configured to cause the first network node to: determine the measurement result based on the first uplink signal; and transmit the measurement result to a second network node.
[0028] In some implementations of the first network node described herein, the at least one processor is further configured to cause the first network node to: receive, from the UE, a first measurement report based on the first downlink signal; and transmit, to a second network node, at least one of a second measurement report or explicit or implicit index (es) of recommended first network node (s) from the set of first network nodes determined based on the first measurement report.
[0029] In some implementations of the first network node described herein, transmitting information to the UE in the case that the first network node would serve the UE based on a measurement result of the first uplink signal or the first downlink signal comprises: transmitting second configuration information for a second uplink signal or a second downlink signal; receiving the second uplink signal from the UE or transmit the second downlink signal to the UE based on the second configuration information; and transmitting information to the UE in the case that the first network node would serve the UE based on a measurement result of the first uplink signal or the first downlink signal and a measurement result of the second uplink signal or the second downlink signal.
[0030] Some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein may include a second network node for wireless communication. The second network node may include: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the second network node to: transmit, to each first network node of a set of first network nodes, first configuration information for a first uplink signal from a UE to the first network node or a first downlink signal from the first network node to the UE; receive measurement report (s) based on the first uplink signal or the first downlink signal; and transmit information to first network nodes, which would serve the UE based on the measurement report (s) , from the set of first network nodes.
[0031] In some implementations of the second network node described herein, the first configuration information includes at least one of the followings for a resource pool for the first uplink signal: one or more parameters indicating at least one of: a periodicity, an offset, a number of OFDM symbol (s) in a slot, or position (s) of the OFDM symbol (s) in a slot; one or more parameters indicating at least one of a frequency bandwidth or a starting frequency position; or one or more parameters indicating at least one of a comb number or a CS number.
[0032] In some implementations of the second network node described herein, the first configuration information may further indicate at least one of the followings for the first uplink signal: a comb offset value; a CS value; a sequence identification for the first uplink signal; or a number of antenna ports for transmitting the first uplink signal.
[0033] In some implementations of the second network node described herein, the first configuration information further indicates random hopping for the first uplink signal.
[0034] In some implementations of the second network node described herein, a resource set for the random hopping is associated with at least one of comb offset values or CS values, wherein the comb offset values are derived based on the comb number, and the CS values are derived based on the CS number.
[0035] In some implementations of the second network node described herein, the measurement report (s) includes a measurement result based on the first uplink signal from each of the set of first network nodes.
[0036] In some implementations of the second network node described herein, the first configuration information includes at least one of the followings for a resource pool for the first downlink signal: one or more parameters indicating at least one of: a slot level periodicity, an offset, a number of OFDM symbol (s) in a slot, or position (s) of the OFDM symbol (s) in a slot; or one or more parameters indicating at least one of: a frequency bandwidth, a starting frequency position, a number of REs per RB, or a set of RE indexes in one RB.
[0037] In some implementations of the second network node described herein, the measurement report (s) includes: a set of measurement results, wherein each of the set of measurement results is determined based on the first downlink signal from one of the set of first network nodes; a first number of measurement results from the set of measurement results, and resource index (es) of the first downlink signal (s) associated with the first number of measurement results; resource index (es) of the first downlink signal (s) associated with a second number of measurement results from the set of measurement results or index (es) of the first network node (s) associated with the second number of measurement results; the set of measurement results and index (es) of first network node (s) from the set of first network nodes recommended by the UE; or explicit or implicit index (es) of first network node (s) from the set of first network nodes recommended by at least one first network node in the set of first network nodes; wherein the first number is configured to the UE, or the second number is determined by the UE.
[0038] In some implementations of the second network node described herein, a set of resources for first downlink signal (s) of the set of first network nodes includes one or more subsets of resources, each subset of resources is associated with a subset of first network nodes in the set of first network nodes, and the measurement report (s) includes index (es) of subset (s) of first network nodes.
[0039] In some implementations of the second network node described herein, transmitting information to the first network nodes which would serve the UE based on the measurement report (s) comprises: transmitting, to each first network node in a subset of the set of first network nodes, second configuration information for a second uplink signal from the UE to the first network node or a second downlink signal from the first network node to the UE; receiving second measurement report (s) based on the second uplink signal or the second downlink signal; and transmitting information to first network nodes, which would serve the UE based on the measurement report (s) and the second measurement report (s) , from the subset.
[0040] Some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein may include a processor for wireless communication. The processor may include: at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: receive first configuration information for first uplink signal (s) or first downlink signal (s) ; transmit the first uplink signal (s) or receive the first downlink signal (s) based on the first configuration information; and receive information from first network nodes, which would serve the UE based on measurement results of the first uplink signal (s) or the first downlink signal (s) , from a set of first network nodes.
[0041] Some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein may include a method performed by a UE. The method may include: receiving first configuration information for first uplink signal (s) or first downlink signal (s) ; transmitting the first uplink signal (s) or receive the first downlink signal (s) based on the first configuration information; and receiving information from first network nodes, which would serve the UE based on measurement results of the first uplink signal (s) or the first downlink signal (s) , from a set of first network nodes.
[0042] Some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein may include a method performed by a first network node. The method may include: transmitting, to a UE, first configuration information for a first uplink signal or a first downlink signal; receiving the first uplink signal from the UE or transmit the first downlink signal to the UE based on the first configuration information; and transmitting information to the UE in the case that the first network node would serve the UE based on a measurement result of the first uplink signal or the first downlink signal.
[0043] Some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein may include a method performed by a second network node. The method may include: transmitting, to each first network node of a set of first network nodes, first configuration information for a first uplink signal from a UE to the first network node or a first downlink signal from the first network node to the UE; receiving measurement report (s) based on the first uplink signal or the first downlink signal; and transmitting information to first network nodes, which would serve the UE based on the measurement report (s) , from the set of first network nodes.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0044] In order to describe the manner in which advantages and features of the application can be obtained, a description of the application is rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof, which are illustrated in the appended drawings. These drawings depict only example embodiments of the application and are not therefore to be considered limiting of its scope.
[0045] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0046] Figure 2 illustrates an exemplary cell free massive MIMO system with UE-centric clusters in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0047] Figure 3 illustrates a flowchart of an exemplary method for determining a UE-centric cluster based on uplink signal in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0048] Figure 4 illustrates an exemplary resource pool for the uplink signal in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0049] Figure 5 illustrates a flowchart of an exemplary method for determining a UE-centric cluster based on downlink signal in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0050] Figure 6 illustrates an exemplary resource pool for the downlink signal in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0051] Figure 7 illustrates a flowchart of an exemplary method performed by a UE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0052] Figure 8 illustrates a flowchart of an exemplary method performed by a first network node in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0053] Figure 9 illustrates a flowchart of an exemplary method performed by a second network node in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0054] Figure 10 illustrates an example of a UE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0055] Figure 11 illustrates an example of a processor in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0056] Figure 12 illustrates an example of a first network node in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0057] Figure 13 illustrates an example of a second network node in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0058] The detailed description of the appended drawings is intended as a description of preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to represent the only form in which the present application may be practiced. It should be understood that the same or equivalent functions may be accomplished by different embodiments that are intended to be encompassed within the spirit and scope of the present application.
[0059] While operations are depicted in the drawings in a particular order, persons skilled in the art will readily recognize that such operations need not be performed in the particular order as shown or in a sequential order, or that all illustrated operations need be performed, to achieve desirable results; sometimes one or more operations can be skipped. Further, the drawings can schematically depict one or more example processes in the form of a flow diagram. However, other operations that are not depicted can be incorporated in the example processes that are schematically illustrated. For example, one or more additional operations can be performed before, after, simultaneously, or between any of the illustrated operations. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing can be advantageous.
[0060] Reference will now be made in detail to some embodiments of the present disclosure, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. To facilitate understanding, embodiments are provided under specific network architecture and service scenarios, such as 3GPP long-term evolution (LTE) and LTE advanced, 3GPP 5G new radio (NR) , 5G-Advanced, 6G, and so on. It is contemplated that along with developments of network architectures and new service scenarios, all embodiments in the present disclosure are also applicable to similar technical problems; and moreover, the terminologies recited in the present disclosure may change, which should not affect the principle of the present disclosure.
[0061] Aspects of the present disclosure are described in the context of a wireless communications system.
[0062] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network equipments (NEs) (e.g., BSs) 102, one or more UEs 104, and a CN 106. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be an NR network, such as a 5G network, a 5G-Advanced (5G-A) network, or a 5G ultrawideband (5G-UWB) network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology (RAT) including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G, for example, 6G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0063] The one or more NEs 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the NEs 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a network function, a network entity, a RAN, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. An NE 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, an NE 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
[0064] An NE 102 may provide a geographic coverage area for which the NE 102 may support services for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area. For example, an NE 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, an NE 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with an NTN. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas may be associated with different NEs 102.
[0065] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a subscriber device, a transmitter device, a receiver device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples.
[0066] A UE 104 may be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0067] An NE 102 may support communications with the CN 106, or with another NE 102, or both. For example, an NE 102 may interface with other NE 102 or the CN 106 through one or more backhaul links (e.g., S1, N2, N2, or network interface) . In some implementations, the NEs 102 may communicate with each other directly. In some other implementations, the NEs 102 may communicate with each other indirectly (e.g., via the CN 106) . In some implementations, one or more NEs 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
[0068] The CN 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The CN 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an AMF) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more NEs 102 associated with the CN 106.
[0069] The CN 106 may communicate with a packet data network over one or more backhaul links (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The packet data network may include an application server. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the CN 106 via an NE 102. The CN 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the CN 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the CN 106) .
[0070] In the wireless communications system 100, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (e.g., multiple frame structures) . The NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0071] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0072] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0073] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (e.g., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0074] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the NEs 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the NEs 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0075] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0076] Massive MIMO is a promising 5G wireless access technology that can provide high throughput, high reliability, and high energy efficiency with simple signal processing. In massive MIMO system, a BS with many antennas may simultaneously serve many UEs in a same time-frequency resource.
[0077] Cell free massive MIMO (CF-mMIMO) has been recently developed, which may exhibit some different characteristics from massive MIMO. In a CF-mMIMO system, service antennas are spread out over a large area. Owing to the distributed antennas that can exploit diversity against shadow fading, the CF-mMIMO system can potentially offer much higher probability of coverage than the massive MIMO system at the cost of increased backhaul requirements. Moreover, interference in the CF-mMIMO system can be eliminated by cooperative transmission. The CF-mMIMO system can provide better performance than a small-cell system in terms of 95%-likely per-user throughput. Given the above benefits, CF-mMIMO becomes a hot candidate for 6G system.
[0078] In a CF-mMIMO system, numerous access points (APs) may serve a smaller number of UEs using identical time-frequency resources. The CF-mMIMO system is suitable for improving the coverage and providing a more uniform performance across UEs, wherein clustering is an essential component of the practical CF-mMIMO system. Serving all UEs with all transmitters in a large region is impractical. The reasons are as follows. First, the capacity of an individual AP can serve only a limited number of UEs. In addition, serving UEs with distant APs occupies resources but contributes little useful signal power, which is not power efficient and may cause strong inference to other UEs scheduled in the same time-frequency resources. Given this, a practical scheme in the CF-mMIMO system is to serve a UE with only APs close to it. APs serving a UE may be referred to as a cluster of APs or an AP cluster. Such cluster is UE-centric (or UE-specific) . Moreover, the APs serving the UE may change as the UE moves in the network, and thus the UE-centric cluster may be dynamic. The CF-mMIMO system is "cell-free" because there is no static cell for a UE to get access but a dynamic AP cluster formed around the UE and changed as the UE moves in the network.
[0079] Figure 2 illustrates an exemplary CF-mMIMO system with UE-centric clusters in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0080] Referring to Figure 2, the CF-mMIMO system may include a plurality of APs (e.g., AP 1, AP 2, …, AP M, …) and a plurality of UEs (e.g., UE 1, UE 2, …, UE K, …) . The plurality of APs may be connected to a centric processor unit (CPU) . Each AP may has a small number of antennas, such as 1, 2, or 4. Each UE may be served by a respective UE-centric cluster (e.g., cluster 1, cluster 2, …, cluster K, …) , which may consist of one or more of the plurality of APs. For example, UE 2 is served by cluster 2 which includes AP1, AP2 and AP3. AP1, AP2 and AP3 may perform joint transmission or reception for UE 2.
[0081] The benefits from a CF-mMIMO system may include the following aspects: 1. improving cell edge UE throughput because it can increase the received signal quality and line-of-sight (LoS) probability by reducing the minimum distance between the UE and multiple APs; 2. achieving Marco diversity due to distinct path loss and shadowing from each serving transmitter; and 3. enhancing signal strength and suppressing interference by coordination between APs in the cluster.
[0082] However, details regarding how to determine a UE-centric cluster for a UE in a CF-mMIMO system have not been discussed yet.
[0083] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide various solutions for determining or managing a UE-centric cluster (e.g., serving APs) for a UE, which may include novel designs for reference signal configuration, measurement procedure, or measurement result reporting. More details will be described in the following text in combination with the appended drawings.
[0084] According to some embodiments of the present application, the determination of a UE-centric cluster may be based on measurement of uplink signal (s) .
[0085] Figure 3 illustrates a flowchart of an exemplary method for determining a UE-centric cluster based on uplink signal in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0086] The method in the example of Figure 3 may be performed by a UE, a first set of first network nodes, and a second network node. Each first network node may be an AP as illustrated in Figure 2 or other apparatus with the like functions. The second network node may be a CPU as illustrated in Figure 2 or other apparatus with the like functions. Although the method is illustrated in a system level by a UE, a first set of first network nodes, and a second network node, persons skilled in the art can understand that the operations implemented in the UE, the first set of first network nodes, and the second network node can be separately implemented and incorporated in other apparatus with the like functions.
[0087] Referring to Figure 3, in step 301, the second network node may transmit, to each first network node of the first set of first network nodes, first configuration information for a first uplink signal to be transmitted from the UE to the first network node.
[0088] In response to receiving the first configuration information, in step 302, each first network node of the first set of first network nodes may transmit, to the UE, the first configuration information for the first uplink signal, e.g., via radio resource control (RRC) signaling. Consequently, the UE may receive the first configuration information for the first uplink signal from each first network node of the first set of first network nodes.
[0089] The first uplink signal may be used for determining or managing a UE-centric cluster for the UE which may include one or more first network nodes (e.g., APs) from the first set of first network nodes. In some cases, when the first uplink signal is used for determining or managing the UE-centric cluster, it is assumed that there is no first network node specific downlink signal for first network node identification and management. As an example, the same synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block (SSB) may be transmitted on the same time-frequency resource (s) from different APs if SSB is transmitted from the APs in a cell. Also, there is no first network node specific channel state information (CSI) reference signal (RS) because it may take up many resources and it is not power efficient for the CF-mMIMO system with a smaller number of active users related to APs.
[0090] In some cases, when designing the first uplink signal, the following principles may be assumed: 1. the first uplink signal may be designed to meet requirement of detection performance, including guaranteeing a transmit signal strength and / or controlling a interference signal strength; 2. the first uplink signal may be designed to reduce a reference signal overhead as much as possible; and / or 3. the first uplink signal may be designed with low detection complexity. As an example, the first uplink signal may be a UE specific sounding reference signal (SRS) or a special SRS. In such example, simple sequence detection may be used to identify first network nodes and corresponding signal strengths. As another example, the first uplink signal may be any other uplink signal which can be used for determining or managing a UE-centric cluster of first network nodes (e.g., APs) from the first set of first network nodes, such as physical random access channel (PRACH) , physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or scheduling request (SR) .
[0091] To achieve balance between overhead and measurement performance of the uplink signal, a common resource pool may be used for multiplexing resources for the first uplink signal.
[0092] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first configuration information may include at least one of the followings for the resource pool:
[0093] · one or more parameters indicating at least one of: a periodicity (e.g., slot level periodicity) , an offset (e.g., slot level offset) , a number of OFDM symbol (s) in a slot, or position (s) of the OFDM symbol (s) in a slot;
[0094] · one or more parameters indicating at least one of a frequency bandwidth or a starting frequency position; or
[0095] · one or more parameters indicating at least one of a comb number or a CS number.
[0096] Figure 4 illustrates an exemplary resource pool for the first uplink signal in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0097] Figure 4 illustrates resources of the resource pool in a slot. As shown in Figure. 4, a slot may include 14 OFDM symbols (indexed as 0 to 13) . In the time domain, the resource pool spans 1 symbol (symbol 9) in the slot, i.e., the number of OFDM symbol (s) in the slot is 1, and the position (s) of the OFDM symbol (s) in the slot is symbol 9. The frequency domain resources of the resource pool may be defined by the starting frequency position (e.g., staring physical resource block (PRB) index) and the frequency bandwidth (e.g., a number of PRBs) as shown in Figure 4. Based on these parameters, the ending frequency position (e.g., ending PRB index) of the resource pool can be determined. In addition, in the example of Figure 4, the comb number for the resource pool is 2, and the CS number for the resource pool is 8. The periodicity and the offset for the resource pool are not reflected in Figure 4.
[0098] In some embodiments of the present application, the UE is not expected to transmit PUSCH on resource (s) of the resource pool. In other words, the UE is not expected to be scheduled for PUSCH transmission on resource (s) of the resource pool or assumes that rate matching is used for PUSCH overlapped with the resource pool.
[0099] In some embodiments, a number of antenna ports for transmitting the first uplink signal may be specified, pre-defined, or restricted as a default value. As an example, the default value is 1, thereby increasing the uplink signal transmission power per port and simplifying the measurement. In such example, the UE may determine that a number of antenna ports for transmitting the first uplink signal is 1.
[0100] In some embodiments, the first configuration information may include a power parameter (e.g., SRSPower) . The UE may determine a transmission power for the first uplink signal based on the power parameter. The power parameter may be similar to the parameter ss-PBCH-BlockPower as specified in 3GPP standard documents. As an example, the value of the power parameter may be set based on a target detection requirement, e.g. eliminating the situation that the UE cannot be served by farther first network nodes but there is no nearer first network nodes for the UE. Uplink power control may be not used since it is not easy to determine the downlink pathloss on account of multiple distributed first network nodes.
[0101] In some embodiments, to support flexible identification and management of first network nodes which constitute the UE-centric cluster, the first uplink signal may be periodic, semi-persistent or aperiodic. For periodic and semi-persistent first uplink signal, the periodicity may be flexibly configured to the UE to support the UE with various speeds.
[0102] Based on the first configuration information, the UE and each of the first set of first network nodes may determine resource (s) for the first uplink signal from the resource pool.
[0103] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first configuration information may further indicate at least one of the followings for the first uplink signal: a comb offset value; a CS value; a sequence identification (e.g., sequence ID) for the first uplink signal; or a number of antenna ports for transmitting the first uplink signal. Such configuration (s) indicated by the first configuration information may be specific for the UE. In some examples, the sequence identification may be associated with a UE-centric cluster for the UE.
[0104] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first configuration information may be transmitted in one or more messages. For example, the configuration (s) specific for the UE indicated by the first configuration information and the aforementioned parameter (s) for the resource pool included in the first configuration information may be transmitted in the same message or in different messages. Based on the first configuration information, the UE and each of the first set of first network nodes may determine resource (s) for the first uplink signal from the resource pool.
[0105] In some cases, there may be strong interference between nearby UEs when the same resources are used by them for transmitting the first uplink signal. This may happen for a relative high load situation. According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a random hopping may be used for interference randomization. As an example, the first configuration information may indicate random hopping for the first uplink signal. In such example, a resource set for the random hopping may be associated with (e.g., include) at least one of comb offset values or CS values. The comb offset values may be derived based on the comb number indicated by the first configuration information. The CS values may be derived based on the CS number indicated by the first configuration information. For example, when the comb number is 2 and the CS number is 8, the comb offset values may include 0 and 1, the CS values may include 0~7, and 16 candidate sets of comb offset value and CS value may be used for resource (s) for the first uplink signal with hopping in different transmission occasions.
[0106] Referring back to Figure 3, based on the first configuration information for the first uplink signal and / or a trigger event, in step 303, the UE may transmit the first uplink signal in the determined resource (s) . Each first network node of the first set of first network nodes may receive the first uplink signal in the determined resource (s) , and determine a measurement result based on the first uplink signal. As an example, the measurement result may include a reference signal receiving power (RSRP) value.
[0107] Then, in step 304, each first network node of the first set of first network nodes may transmit the measurement result to the second network node.
[0108] Based on the measurement result from each first network node of the first set of first network node, the second network node may determine a second set of first network nodes from the first set of first network nodes.
[0109] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the second set of first network nodes may be used to serve the UE. That is, the second set of first network nodes may constitute a UE-centric cluster for the UE.
[0110] Then, the second network node may transmit scheduling information and data (if existing) to the second set of first network nodes for uplink or downlink transmission of the UE. In response to receiving the scheduling information, the second set of first network nodes may transmit control information for uplink or downlink transmission of the UE using the second set of first network nodes. Then, the UE may perform uplink or downlink transmission with the second set of first network nodes.
[0111] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, since a large number of distributed first network nodes may be used in the CF-mMIMO system, it is not feasible or efficient to perform refined measurement of the first uplink signal transmitted to each first network node of the first set of first network nodes. Therefore, the measurement performed for the first uplink signal may be a coarse measurement and the measure result thereof (e.g., that transmitted in step 304) may be deemed not sufficient to determine a UE-centric cluster for the UE. In such embodiments, a two-stage measurement scheme may be used for determining a UE-centric cluster for the UE based on different requirements for measurement accuracy.
[0112] In the two-stage measurement scheme, the first stage measurement (e.g., including steps 301-304) may be first performed to determine a set of candidate network nodes from the first set of first network nodes. The first stage measurement is a coarse measurement, wherein simple interference randomization may be used to mitigate interference.
[0113] Then, a second stage measurement may be performed to determine a second set of first network nodes for serving the UE from the set of candidate network nodes. The second stage measurement is a refined measurement with a higher measurement accuracy than the first stage measurement, e.g., based on denser uplink or downlink signal (s) . The second stage measurement may be used for CSI for the set of candidate network nodes to support dynamic cooperation. The selection of the second set of first network nodes from the set of candidate network nodes may be made based on reference signal for CSI acquisition, such as SRS for CSI acquisition or CSI-RS for CSI acquisition.
[0114] Referring to Figure 3, the second stage measurement may include steps 305-308. In the example of Figure 3, the second stage measurement is made based on a second uplink signal. It is contemplated that the second stage measurement may be made based on a download signal without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and an example of the second stage measurement based on a download signal will be described later with respect to Figure 5.
[0115] In step 305, the second network node may transmit, to each candidate network node of the set of candidate network nodes determined based on the first stage measurement, second configuration information for a second uplink signal to be transmitted from the UE to the candidate network node. In other word, the second configuration information may be associated with the set of candidate network nodes.
[0116] In response to receiving the second configuration information, in step 306, each candidate network node of the set of candidate network nodes may transmit, to the UE, the second configuration information for the second uplink signal, e.g., via RRC signaling. Consequently, the UE may receive the second configuration information for the second uplink signal from each candidate network node of the set of candidate network nodes.
[0117] As an example, the second uplink signal may be SRS, and designs for configuration information for SRS defined in 3GPP standard documents may apply to the second configuration information.
[0118] Based on the second configuration information, in step 307, the UE may transmit the second uplink signal. Each candidate network node of the set of candidate network nodes may receive the second uplink signal, and determine a measurement result based on the second uplink signal. As an example, the measurement result may include explicit CSI or implicit CSI (e.g., at least one of precoding matrix indicator (PMI) , channel quality indicator (CQI) , or rank indication (RI) ) , where exact channel estimation and demodulation are used for obtaining the measurement result.
[0119] Then, in step 308, each candidate network node of the set of candidate network nodes may transmit the measurement result to the second network node.
[0120] Based on the measurement result from each candidate network node of the set of candidate network nodes, the second network node may determine a second set of first network nodes from the set of candidate network nodes. The second set of first network nodes may be used to serve the UE. That is, the second set of first network nodes may constitute a UE-centric cluster for the UE.
[0121] The second stage measurement is optional. In some cases, it may be enabled explicitly by RRC signaling. In some other cases, it may be enabled implicitly by configuration information (e.g., configuration information for CSI) . When the second stage measurement is not enabled, the first network nodes determined via the first stage measurement are used for a UE-centric cluster.
[0122] Then, the second network node may transmit scheduling information and data (if existing) to the second set of first network nodes for uplink or downlink transmission of the UE. In response to receiving the scheduling information, the second set of first network nodes may transmit control information for uplink or downlink transmission of the UE using the second set of first network nodes. Then, the UE may perform uplink or downlink transmission with the second set of first network nodes.
[0123] Although in the embodiments described with respect to Figure 3, the first configuration information and the second configuration information are configured by the second network node or the first network node, in some other embodiments of the present disclosure, at least one of the first configuration information or the second configuration information may be specified, pre-defined or defined in 3GPP specifications.
[0124] According to some embodiments of the present application, the determination of a UE-centric cluster may be based on measurement of downlink signal (s) .
[0125] Figure 5 illustrates a flowchart of an exemplary method for determining a UE-centric cluster based on downlink signal in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0126] The method in the example of Figure 5 may be performed by a UE, a first set of first network nodes, and a second network node. Each first network node may be an AP as illustrated in Figure 2 or other apparatus with the like functions. The second network node may be a CPU as illustrated in Figure 2 or other apparatus with the like functions. Although the method is illustrated in a system level by a UE, a first set of first network nodes, and a second network node, persons skilled in the art can understand that the operations implemented in the UE, the first set of first network nodes, and the second network node can be separately implemented and incorporated in other apparatus with the like functions.
[0127] Referring to Figure 5, in step 501, the second network node may transmit, to each first network node of the first set of first network nodes, first configuration information for a first downlink signal to be transmitted from the first network node to the UE.
[0128] In response to receiving the first configuration information, in step 502, each first network node of the first set of first network nodes may transmit, to the UE, the first configuration information for the first downlink signal, e.g., via RRC signaling. Consequently, the UE may receive the first configuration information for the first downlink signal from each first network node of the first set of first network nodes.
[0129] The first downlink signal may be used for determining or managing a UE-centric cluster for the UE which may include one or more first network nodes (e.g., APs) from the first set of first network nodes. Principles similar to those for designing the first uplink signal provided in the embodiments described with respect to Figure 3 may be used for designing the first downlink signal. As an example, the first downlink signal may be a first network node specific CSI-RS. As another example, the first downlink signal may be any other downlink signal which can be used for determining or managing a UE-centric cluster of first network nodes (e.g., APs) from the first set of first network nodes.
[0130] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first set of first network nodes may be associated with a set of resources, wherein each first network node in the first set of first network nodes may be associated with a respective resource in the set of resources. The first downlink signal from each first network node of the first set of first network nodes may be transmitted in the respective resource of the first network node. In some embodiments, the set of resources may be included in a resource pool. The resource pool may be designed to achieve balance between downlink signal overhead and measurement performance.
[0131] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first configuration information may include at least one of the followings for the resource pool:
[0132] · one or more parameters indicating at least one of: a periodicity (e.g., slot level periodicity) , an offset (e.g., slot level offset) , a number of OFDM symbol (s) in a slot, or position (s) of the OFDM symbol (s) in a slot; or
[0133] · one or more parameters indicating at least one of: a frequency bandwidth, a starting frequency position, a density of REs per RB, or a set of RE indexes in one RB.
[0134] Figure 6 illustrates an exemplary resource pool for the first downlink signal in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0135] Figure 6 illustrates resources of the resource pool in a slot. As shown in Figure. 6, a slot may include 14 OFDM symbols (indexed as 0 to 13) . In the time domain, the resource pool spans 1 symbol (symbol 9) in the slot, i.e., the number of OFDM symbol (s) in the slot is 1, and the position (s) of the OFDM symbol (s) in the slot is symbol 9. The frequency domain resources of the resource pool may be defined by the starting frequency position (e.g., staring PRB index) and the frequency bandwidth (e.g., a number of PRBs) as shown in Figure 6. Based on these parameters, the ending frequency position (e.g., ending PRB index) of the resource pool can be determined. In addition, in the example of Figure 6, for the resource pool, a set of RE indexes in one RB includes RE 0 to RE 11, which means that the 12 REs in one RB are included in the resource pool. Moreover, the density of REs per RB for the resource pool is 3 REs per RB, which means that the 12 REs in one RB may be divided into 4 groups, each group includes 3 REs and may be used for a first network node to transmit the first downlink signal. The periodicity and the offset for the resource pool are not reflected in Figure 6.
[0136] In some embodiments of the present application, the UE may use rate matching for receiving PDSCH overlapped with the resource pool. In other words, the UE may use rate matching for decoding when part or all of the resources in the resource pool collide with PDSCH.
[0137] In some embodiments, a number of antenna ports for transmitting the first downlink signal may be specified, pre-defined, or restricted as a default value. As an example, the default value is 1, thereby reducing detection complexity..
[0138] In some embodiments, a CDM type in resource mapping for the first downlink signal may be specified, pre-defined, or restricted as no CDM.
[0139] In some embodiments, a same power may be used for all of the first set of first network nodes for transmitting the first downlink signal. In some other embodiments, each of the first set of first network nodes may use a respective configured or predefined power for transmitting the first downlink signal.
[0140] In some embodiments, to support flexible identification and management of first network nodes which constitute the UE-centric cluster, the first downlink signal may be periodic, semi-persistent or aperiodic. For periodic and semi-persistent first downlink signal, the periodicity may be flexibly configured to the UE to support the UE with various speeds.
[0141] Based on the first configuration information, each of the first set of first network nodes may determine, from the resource pool, a respective resource for transmitting the first downlink signal to the UE. The UE may also determine, from the resource pool, a respective resource associated with each of the first set of first network nodes for receiving the first downlink signal from each of the first set of first network nodes.
[0142] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first configuration information may further indicate configuration (s) specific for each first network node of the first set of first network nodes. For each first network node, the first configuration information may indicate a respective resource from the resource pool for transmitting the first downlink signal from the first network node to the UE.
[0143] For example, the first configuration information may indicate at least one of the followings for the first downlink signal: symbol index (s) in a slot; RE index (es) in one RB; or sequence identification (e.g., sequence ID) for the first downlink signal. In some examples, each sequence identification may be associated with a respective first network node. That is, different sequence identifications may be used for different first network nodes.
[0144] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first configuration information may be transmitted in one or more messages. For example, the configuration (s) specific for each first network node indicated by the first configuration information and the aforementioned parameter (s) for the resource pool included in the first configuration information may be transmitted in the same message or in different messages.
[0145] Based on the first configuration information, each of the first set of first network nodes may determine, from the resource pool, a respective resource for transmitting the first downlink signal to the UE. The UE may also determine, from the resource pool, a respective resource associated with each of the first set of first network nodes for receiving the first downlink signal from each of the first set of first network nodes.
[0146] Referring back to Figure 5, based on the first configuration information for the first downlink signal and / or a trigger event, in step 503, each of the first set of first network nodes may transmit a respective first downlink signal to the UE in the determined resource (s) associated with each of the first set of first network nodes.
[0147] After receiving the first downlink signal (s) from the first set of first network nodes, the UE may determine a set of measurement results, wherein each of the set of measurement results is determined based on one of the first downlink signal (s) . As an example, each measurement result may include an RSRP value.
[0148] For example, assuming that the first set of first network nodes include N first network nodes, each of the N first network nodes may transmit a respective first downlink signal. Then, the set of measurement results may include N measurement results, wherein each of N measurement results is determined based on one of N first downlink signals transmitted from the N first network nodes.
[0149] Then, in step 504, the UE may transmit a first measurement report based on the set of measurement results to at least one first network node of the first set of first network nodes.
[0150] In some embodiments, the first measurement report may include the set of measurement results.
[0151] In some embodiments, the first measurement report may include a first number (e.g., denoted as M1) of measurement results from the set of measurement results, and resource index (es) (or index (es) of associated first network node (s) ) of the first downlink signal (s) associated with the first number of measurement results. As an example, the first number and corresponding first downlink signals may be configured to the UE. As an example, the first number may be implicitly equal to the number of the configured first downlink signals.
[0152] In some examples, M1 resource indexes (or indexes of associated first network node (s) ) of the first downlink signals associated with the M1 measurement results may be indicated by a bitmap with N bits, wherein N is the number of first network nodes included in the first set of network nodes (which is also the number of resources in the set of resources) , and each bit of the N bits may indicate whether a corresponding resource index or corresponding first network node index is reported. In some other examples, each resource index or first network node index may be indicated by ceil (log2 (N) ) bits, and the M1 resource indexes or M1 first network node indexes may be indicated by M1*ceil (log2 (N) ) bits.
[0153] In some embodiments, the UE may recommend a second number (e.g., denoted as M2) of first network nodes from the first set of first network nodes. In such embodiments, the first measurement report may include index (es) of associated first network node (s) (or resource index (es) ) of the first downlink signal (s) associated with M2 measurement results from the set of measurement results. As an example, the second number may be determined by the UE.
[0154] For example, the first measurement report may include M2 resource indexes of M2 first downlink signals associated with M2 measurement results or indexes of M2 first network nodes transmitting M2 first downlink signals associated with M2 measurement results. In some examples, the M2 resource indexes or indexes of the M2 first network nodes may be indicated by a bitmap with N bits, wherein N is the number of first network nodes included in the first set of network nodes (which is also the number of resources in the set of resources) , and each bit of the N bits may indicate whether a corresponding resource index or corresponding first network node index is reported. In some other examples, each resource index or first network node index may be indicated by ceil (log2 (N) ) bits, and the M2 resource indexes or M2 first network node indexes may be indicated by M2*ceil (log2 (N) ) bits.
[0155] In some embodiments, the first measurement report may include the set of measurement results and index (es) (or associated resource index (es) ) of first network node (s) from the first set of first network nodes recommended by the UE. In some examples, the index (es) or associated resource index (es) of first network node (s) recommended by the UE may be indicated by a bitmap with N bits, wherein N is the number of first network nodes included in the first set of network nodes, and each bit of the N bits may indicate whether the corresponding first network node is recommended by the UE.
[0156] In some embodiments, the first measurement report may include: a third number (e.g., denoted as M3) of measurement results from the set of measurement results, resource index (es) (or index (es) of associated first network node (s) ) of the first downlink signal (s) associated with the third number of measurement results, and a fourth number (e.g., denoted as M4) of index (es) (or associated resource index (es) ) of first network node (s) from the first set of first network nodes recommended by the UE. Such embodiments can provide more information to network nodes.
[0157] In some embodiments, the CPU or a first network node may configure that the set of resources for the first downlink signal (s) from the first set of first network nodes includes one or more subsets of resources, each subset of resources is associated with a subset of first network nodes in the first set of first network nodes. In such embodiments, the first measurement report may include index (es) of subset (s) of first network nodes or index (es) of subset (s) of resources.
[0158] In response to receiving the first measurement report, in step 505, the at least one first network node may transmit, to the second network node, measurement report (s) based on the first measurement report. For example, the measurement report (s) may include at least one of a second measurement report or explicit or implicit index (es) of recommended first network node (s) from the first set of first network nodes. The second measurement report may be the same as the first measurement report or generated based on the first measurement report. The recommended first network node (s) may be determined based on the first measurement report. In some examples, the implicit index (es) of the recommended first network node (s) may be the index (es) of resource (s) of the first downlink signal (s) associated with the recommended first network node (s) or index (es) of the first downlink signal (s) associated with the recommended first network node (s) .
[0159] Based on the aforementioned measurement report (s) received from the at least one first network node, the second network node may determine a second set of first network nodes from the first set of first network nodes.
[0160] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the second set of first network nodes may be used to serve the UE. That is, the second set of first network nodes may constitute a UE-centric cluster for the UE.
[0161] Then, the second network node may transmit scheduling information and data (if existed) to the second set of first network nodes for uplink or downlink transmission of the UE. In response to receiving the scheduling information, the second set of first network nodes may transmit control information for uplink or downlink transmission of the UE using the second set of first network nodes. Then, the UE may perform uplink or downlink transmission with the second set of first network nodes.
[0162] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, since a large number of distributed first network nodes may be used in the CF-mMIMO system, it is not feasible or efficient to perform refined measurement of the first downlink signal transmitted from each first network node of the first set of first network nodes. Therefore, the measurement performed for the first downlink signal may be a coarse measurement and the measure result thereof (e.g., that transmitted in steps 504 and 505) may be deemed not sufficient to determine a UE-centric cluster for the UE. In such embodiments, a two-stage measurement scheme may be used for determining a UE-centric cluster for the UE based on different requirements for measurement accuracy.
[0163] In the two-stage measurement scheme, the first stage measurement (e.g., including steps 501-505) may be first performed to determine a set of candidate network nodes from the first set of first network nodes. The first stage measurement is a coarse measurement, wherein simple interference randomization may be used to mitigate interference.
[0164] Then, a second stage measurement may be performed to determine a second set of first network nodes for serving the UE from the set of candidate network nodes. The second stage measurement is a refined measurement with a higher measurement accuracy than the first stage measurement, e.g., based on denser uplink or downlink signal (s) . The second stage measurement may be used for CSI for the set of candidate network nodes to support dynamic cooperation. The selection of the second set of first network nodes from the set of candidate network nodes may be made based on reference signal for CSI acquisition, such as SRS for CSI acquisition or CSI-RS for CSI acquisition.
[0165] Referring to Figure 5, the second stage measurement may include steps 506-510. In the example of Figure 5, the second stage measurement is made based on a second downlink signal. It is contemplated that the second stage measurement may be made based on an uplink signal without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and an example of the second stage measurement based on an uplink signal is provided in the embodiments described with respect to Figure 3.
[0166] In step 506, the second network node may transmit, to each candidate network node of the set of candidate network nodes determined based on the first stage measurement, second configuration information for a second downlink signal to be transmitted from the candidate network node to the UE. In other word, the second configuration information may be associated with the set of candidate network nodes.
[0167] In response to receiving the second configuration information, in step 507, each candidate network node of the set of candidate network nodes may transmit, to the UE, the second configuration information for the second downlink signal, e.g., via RRC signaling. Consequently, the UE may receive the second configuration information for the second downlink signal from each candidate network node of the set of candidate network nodes.
[0168] As an example, the second downlink signal may CSI-RS, and designs for configuration information for CSI-RS defined in 3GPP standard documents may apply to the second configuration information.
[0169] Based on the second configuration information, in step 508, each of the set of candidate network nodes may transmit a respective second downlink signal to the UE.
[0170] After receiving the second downlink signal (s) from the set of candidate network nodes, the UE may determine a set of measurement results, wherein each of the set of measurement results is determined based on one of the second downlink signal (s) from the set of candidate network nodes. As an example, each measurement result may include explicit CSI or implicit CSI (e.g., at least one of PMI, CQI, or RI) , where exact channel estimation and demodulation are used for obtaining the measurement result.
[0171] Then, in step 509, the UE may transmit a third measurement report based on the set of measurement results to at least one candidate network node of the set of candidate network nodes. The third measurement report may include similar contents as those included in the first measurement report transmitted in step 504. The difference is that in the third measurement report, the resource indexes or the first network node indexes are associated with the set of candidate network nodes, rather than the first set of first network nodes. For example, the third measurement report may include index (es) of first network node (s) recommend by the UE from the set of candidate network nodes based on actual transmission condition, such as delay offset, frequency offset, phase offset between first network nodes.
[0172] In response to receiving the third measurement report, in step 510, the at least one candidate network node of the set of candidate network nodes may transmit, to the second network node, measurement report (s) based on the third measurement report. The measurement report (s) may include similar contents as those included in the measurement report (s) transmitted in step 505.
[0173] Based on the measurement report (s) from the at least one candidate network node, the second network node may determine a second set of first network nodes from the set of candidate network nodes. The second set of first network nodes may be used to serve the UE. That is, the second set of first network nodes may constitute a UE-centric cluster for the UE.
[0174] The second stage measurement is optional. In some cases, it may be enabled explicitly by RRC signaling. In some other cases, it may be enabled implicitly by configuration information (e.g., configuration information for CSI) . When the second stage measurement is not enabled, the first network nodes determined via the first stage measurement are used for a UE-centric cluster.
[0175] Then, the second network node may transmit scheduling information and data (if existing) to the second set of first network nodes for uplink or downlink transmission of the UE. In response to receiving the scheduling information, the second set of first network nodes may transmit control information for uplink or downlink transmission of the UE using the second set of first network nodes. Then, the UE may perform uplink or downlink transmission with the second set of first network nodes.
[0176] Although in the embodiments described with respect to Figure 5, the first configuration information and the second configuration information are configured by the second network node, in some other embodiments of the present disclosure, at least one of the first configuration information or the second configuration information may be specified, pre-defined or defined in 3GPP specifications.
[0177] Figure 7 illustrates a flowchart of an exemplary method in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method illustrated in Figure 7 may be performed by a UE (e.g., UE 104 in Figure 1) as described herein or other apparatus with the like functions. In some implementations, the UE may execute a set of instructions to control functional elements of the UE to perform the described operations or functions.
[0178] At step 702, the UE may receive first configuration information for first uplink signal (s) or first downlink signal (s)
[0179] At step 704, the UE may transmit the first uplink signal (s) or receive the first downlink signal (s) based on the first configuration information.
[0180] At step 706, the UE may receive information (e.g., control information for uplink or downlink transmission of the UE) from first network nodes (e.g., the second set of first network nodes in the above embodiments described with respect to Figures 3-6) , which would serve the UE based on measurement results of the first uplink signal (s) or the first downlink signal (s) , from a set of first network nodes (e.g., the first set of first network nodes in the above embodiments described with respect to Figures 3-6) .
[0181] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the UE may determine resource (s) for the first uplink signal (s) from a resource pool based on the first configuration information, wherein the first configuration information may include at least one of the followings for the resource pool: one or more parameters indicating at least one of: a periodicity, an offset, a number of OFDM symbol (s) in a slot, or position (s) of the OFDM symbol (s) in a slot; one or more parameters indicating at least one of a frequency bandwidth or a starting frequency position; or one or more parameters indicating at least one of a comb number or a CS number.
[0182] In some embodiments, the UE is not expected to transmit PUSCH on resource (s) of the resource pool.
[0183] In some embodiments, the UE may determine that a number of antenna ports for transmitting the first uplink signal (s) is 1.
[0184] In some embodiments, the first configuration information may include a power parameter, and the UE may determine a transmission power for the first uplink signal (s) based on the power parameter.
[0185] In some embodiments, the first configuration information may further indicate at least one of the followings for transmitting the first uplink signal (s) : a comb offset value; a CS value; a sequence identification of the first uplink signal (s) ; or a number of antenna ports for transmitting the first uplink signal (s) .
[0186] In some embodiments, the first configuration information may further indicate random hopping for the first uplink signal (s) .
[0187] In some embodiments, a resource set for the random hopping may be associated with at least one of comb offset values or CS values, wherein the comb offset values may be derived based on the comb number, and the CS values may be derived based on the CS number.
[0188] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the UE may determine a resource for each of the first downlink signal (s) in a set of resources associated with the set of first network nodes based on the first configuration information, the first configuration information includes at least one of the followings for a resource pool associated with the set of resources: one or more parameters indicating at least one of: a periodicity, an offset, a number of OFDM symbol (s) in a slot, or position (s) of the OFDM symbol (s) in a slot; or one or more parameters indicating at least one of: a frequency bandwidth, a starting frequency position, a density of REs per RB, or a set of RE indexes in one RB.
[0189] In some embodiments, the UE may use rate matching for receiving PDSCH overlapped with the resource pool.
[0190] In some embodiments, a number of antenna ports for the first downlink signal (s) is 1; a CDM type in resource mapping for the first downlink signal (s) is no CDM; or a same power is used for all of the set of first network nodes for transmitting the first downlink signal (s) .
[0191] In some embodiments, after receiving the first downlink signal (s) from the set of first network nodes, the UE may: determine a set of measurement results, wherein each of the set of measurement results is determined based on one of the first downlink signal (s) ; and transmit a measurement report based on the set of measurement results.
[0192] In some embodiments, the measurement report may include: the set of measurement results; a first number of measurement results from the set of measurement results, and resource index (es) of the first downlink signal (s) associated with the first number of measurement results; resource index (es) of the first downlink signal (s) associated with a second number of measurement results from the set of measurement results or index (es) of the first network node (s) associated with the second number of measurement results; or the set of measurement results and index (es) of first network node (s) from the set of first network nodes recommended by the UE; wherein the first number is configured to the UE, or the second number is determined by the UE.
[0193] In some embodiments, a set of resources for the first downlink signal (s) may include one or more subsets of resources, each subset of resources is associated with a subset of first network nodes in the set of first network nodes, and the measurement report may include index (es) of subset (s) of first network nodes.
[0194] In some embodiments, receiving information from the first network nodes which would serve the UE based on measurement results of the first uplink signal (s) or the first downlink signal (s) may include: receiving second configuration information for second uplink signal (s) or second downlink signal (s) , wherein the second configuration information is associated with a subset (e.g., the set of candidate network nodes in the above embodiments described with respect to Figures 3-6) of the set of first network nodes; transmitting the second uplink signal (s) or receive the second downlink signal (s) based on the second configuration information; and receiving information from first network nodes, which would serve the UE based on measurement results of the first uplink signal (s) or the first downlink signal (s) , and measurement results of the second uplink signal (s) or the second downlink signal (s) , from the subset.
[0195] Figure 8 illustrates a flowchart of an exemplary method in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method illustrated in Figure 8 may be performed by a first network node (e.g., an AP as illustrated in Figure 2) as described herein or other apparatus with the like functions. In some implementations, the first network node may execute a set of instructions to control functional elements of the network node to perform the described operations or functions.
[0196] At step 802, the first network node may transmit, to a UE, first configuration information for a first uplink signal or a first downlink signal.
[0197] At step 804, the first network node may receive the first uplink signal from the UE or transmit the first downlink signal to the UE based on the first configuration information.
[0198] At step 806, the first network node may transmit information (e.g., control information for uplink or downlink transmission of the UE) to the UE in the case that the first network node would serve the UE based on a measurement result of the first uplink signal or the first downlink signal.
[0199] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first network node may: determine resource (s) for the first uplink signal from a resource pool based on the first configuration information, wherein the first configuration information may include at least one of the followings for the resource pool: one or more parameters indicating at least one of: a periodicity, an offset, a number of OFDM symbol (s) in a slot, or position (s) of the OFDM symbol (s) in a slot; one or more parameters indicating at least one of a frequency bandwidth or a starting frequency position; or one or more parameters indicating at least one of a comb number or a CS number.
[0200] In some embodiments, a number of antenna ports for the first uplink signal may be 1; or the first configuration information may include a power parameter associated with a transmission power for the first uplink signal.
[0201] In some embodiments, the first configuration information may further indicate at least one of the followings for the first uplink signal: a comb offset value; a CS value; a sequence identification of the first uplink signal; or a number of antenna ports for transmitting the first uplink signal.
[0202] In some embodiments, the first configuration information may further indicate random hopping for the first uplink signal.
[0203] In some embodiments, a resource set for the random hopping may be associated with at least one of comb offset values or CS values, wherein the comb offset values may be derived based on the comb number, and the CS values may be derived based on the CS number.
[0204] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first network node may determine a resource for the first downlink signal from a resource pool based on the first configuration information, and the first configuration information may include at least one of the followings for the resource pool: one or more parameters indicating at least one of: a periodicity, an offset, a number of OFDM symbol (s) in a slot, or position (s) of the OFDM symbol (s) in a slot; or one or more parameters indicating at least one of: a frequency bandwidth, a starting frequency position, a number of REs per RB, or a set of RE indexes in one RB.
[0205] In some embodiments, a number of antenna ports for transmitting the first downlink signal may be 1; or a CDM type in resource mapping for the first downlink signal may be no CDM.
[0206] In some embodiments, the first network node may: determine the measurement result based on the first uplink signal; and transmit the measurement result to a second network node (e.g., CPU as illustrated in Figure 2) .
[0207] In some embodiments, the first network node may: receive, from the UE, a first measurement report based on the first downlink signal; and transmit, to a second network node, at least one of a second measurement report or explicit or implicit index (es) of recommended first network node (s) from the set of first network nodes determined based on the first measurement report.
[0208] In some embodiments, transmitting information to the UE in the case that the first network node would serve the UE based on a measurement result of the first uplink signal or the first downlink signal may include: transmitting second configuration information for a second uplink signal or a second downlink signal; receiving the second uplink signal from the UE or transmit the second downlink signal to the UE based on the second configuration information; and transmitting information to the UE in the case that the first network node would serve the UE based on a measurement result of the first uplink signal or the first downlink signal and a measurement result of the second uplink signal or the second downlink signal.
[0209] Figure 9 illustrates a flowchart of an exemplary method in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method illustrated in Figure 9 may be performed by a second network node (e.g., a CPU as illustrated in Figure 2) as described herein or other apparatus with the like functions. In some implementations, the second network node may execute a set of instructions to control functional elements of the network node to perform the described operations or functions.
[0210] At step 902, the second network node may transmit, to each first network node of a set of first network nodes (e.g., the first set of first network nodes in the above embodiments described with respect to Figures 3-6) , first configuration information for a first uplink signal from a UE to the first network node or a first downlink signal from the first network node to the UE.
[0211] At step 904, the second network node may receive measurement report (s) based on the first uplink signal or the first downlink signal.
[0212] At step 906, the second network node may transmit information (e.g., scheduling information for uplink or downlink transmission of the UE) to first network nodes (e.g., the second set of first network nodes in the above embodiments described with respect to Figures 3-6) , which would serve the UE based on the measurement report (s) , from the set of first network nodes.
[0213] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first configuration information may include at least one of the followings for a resource pool for the first uplink signal: one or more parameters indicating at least one of: a periodicity, an offset, a number of OFDM symbol (s) in a slot, or position (s) of the OFDM symbol (s) in a slot; one or more parameters indicating at least one of a frequency bandwidth or a starting frequency position; or one or more parameters indicating at least one of a comb number or a CS number.
[0214] In some embodiments, the first configuration information may further indicate at least one of the followings for the first uplink signal: a comb offset value; a CS value; a sequence identification for the first uplink signal; or a number of antenna ports for transmitting the first uplink signal.
[0215] In some embodiments, the first configuration information may further indicate random hopping for the first uplink signal.
[0216] In some embodiments, a resource set for the random hopping may be associated with at least one of comb offset values or CS values, wherein the comb offset values may be derived based on the comb number, and the CS values may be derived based on the CS number.
[0217] In some embodiments, the measurement report (s) may include a measurement result based on the first uplink signal from each of the set of first network nodes.
[0218] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first configuration information may include at least one of the followings for a resource pool for the first downlink signal: one or more parameters indicating at least one of: a slot level periodicity, an offset, a number of OFDM symbol (s) in a slot, or position (s) of the OFDM symbol (s) in a slot; or one or more parameters indicating at least one of: a frequency bandwidth, a starting frequency position, a number of REs per RB, or a set of RE indexes in one RB.
[0219] In some embodiments, the measurement report (s) may include: a set of measurement results, wherein each of the set of measurement results is determined based on the first downlink signal from one of the set of first network nodes; a first number of measurement results from the set of measurement results, and resource index (es) of the first downlink signal (s) associated with the first number of measurement results; resource index (es) of the first downlink signal (s) associated with a second number of measurement results from the set of measurement results or index (es) of the first network node (s) associated with the second number of measurement results; the set of measurement results and index (es) of first network node (s) from the set of first network nodes recommended by the UE; or explicit or implicit index (es) of first network node (s) from the set of first network nodes recommended by at least one first network node in the set of first network nodes; wherein the first number is configured to the UE, or the second number is determined by the UE.
[0220] In some embodiments, a set of resources for first downlink signal (s) of the set of first network nodes may include one or more subsets of resources, each subset of resources may be associated with a subset of first network nodes in the set of first network nodes, and the measurement report (s) may include index (es) of subset (s) of first network nodes.
[0221] In some embodiments, transmitting information to the first network nodes which would serve the UE based on the measurement report (s) may include: transmitting, to each first network node in a subset (e.g., the set of candidate network nodes in the above embodiments described with respect to Figures 3-6) of the set of first network nodes, second configuration information for a second uplink signal from the UE to the first network node or a second downlink signal from the first network node to the UE; receiving second measurement report (s) based on the second uplink signal or the second downlink signal; and transmitting information to first network nodes, which would serve the UE based on the measurement report (s) and the second measurement report (s) , from the subset.
[0222] Figure 10 illustrates an example of a UE 1000 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The UE 1000 may include at least one processor 1002 and at least one memory 1004. Additionally, the UE 1000 may also include one or more of at least one controller 1006 or at least one transceiver 1008. The processor 1002, the memory 1004, the controller 1006, or the transceiver 1008, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. These components may be coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces.
[0223] The processor 1002, the memory 1004, the controller 1006, or the transceiver 1008, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure.
[0224] The processor 1002 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 1002 may be configured to operate the memory 1004. In some other implementations, the memory 1004 may be integrated into the processor 1002. The processor 1002 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 1004 to cause the UE 1000 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0225] The memory 1004 may include volatile or non-volatile memory. The memory 1004 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions when executed by the processor 1002 cause the UE 1000 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as the memory 1004 or another type of memory. Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.
[0226] In some implementations, the processor 1002 and the memory 1004 coupled with the processor 1002 may be configured to cause the UE 1000 to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 1002, instructions stored in the memory 1004) . For example, the processor 1002 may support wireless communication at the UE 1000 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The UE 1000 may be configured to support a means for performing the operations of the methods described in the embodiments of the present disclosure. In an embodiment, the processor 1002 may be configured to cause the UE 1000 to: receive first configuration information for first uplink signal (s) or first downlink signal (s) ; transmit the first uplink signal (s) or receive the first downlink signal (s) based on the first configuration information; and receive information from first network nodes, which would serve the UE based on measurement results of the first uplink signal (s) or the first downlink signal (s) , from a set of first network nodes.
[0227] The controller 1006 may manage input and output signals for the UE 1000. The controller 1006 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the UE 1000. In some implementations, the controller 1006 may utilize an operating system such as or other operating systems. In some implementations, the controller 1006 may be implemented as part of the processor 1002.
[0228] In some implementations, the UE 1000 may include at least one transceiver 1008. In some other implementations, the UE 1000 may have more than one transceiver 1008. The transceiver 1008 may represent a wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1008 may include one or more receiver chains 1010, one or more transmitter chains 1012, or a combination thereof.
[0229] A receiver chain 1010 may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receiver chain 1010 may include one or more antennas for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receiver chain 1010 may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receiver chain 1010 may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receiver chain 1010 may include at least one decoder for decoding the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0230] A transmitter chain 1012 may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmitter chain 1012 may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmitter chain 1012 may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmitter chain 1012 may also include one or more antennas for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0231] Figure 11 illustrates an example of a processor 1100 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 1100 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 1100 may include at least one controller 1102 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 1100 may optionally include at least one memory 1104, which may be, for example, a layer 1 (L1) , layer 2 (L2) , or layer 3 (L3) cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 1100 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 1106. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0232] The processor 1100 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1100) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0233] The controller 1102 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 1100 to cause the processor 1100 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 1102 may operate as a control unit of the processor 1100, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 1100. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0234] The controller 1102 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 1104 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 1100 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 1102 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 1104. The controller 1102 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 1102 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 1100 to cause the processor 1100 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 1102 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 1100. The controller 1102 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, ALUs, and other functional units of the processor 1100.
[0235] The memory 1104 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 1100 or other memory, such as RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. ) . In some implementations, the memory 1104 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 1100) . In some other implementations, the memory 1104 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 1100) .
[0236] The memory 1104 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1100, cause the processor 1100 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 1102 and / or the processor 1100 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 1104 to cause the processor 1100 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 1100 and / or the controller 1102 may be coupled with or to the memory 1104, the processor 1100, the controller 1102, and the memory 1104 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 1100 may include multiple processors and the memory 1104 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0237] The one or more ALUs 1106 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, the one or more ALUs 1106 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1100) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 1106 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1100) . One or more ALUs 1106 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 1106 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 1106 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 1106 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 1106 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0238] The processor 1100 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 1100 may be configured to or operable to support a means for performing the operations of the methods described in the embodiments of the present disclosure. In an embodiment, the controller 1102 may cause the processor 1100 to: receive first configuration information for first uplink signal (s) or first downlink signal (s) ; transmit the first uplink signal (s) or receive the first downlink signal (s) based on the first configuration information; and receive information from first network nodes, which would serve the UE based on measurement results of the first uplink signal (s) or the first downlink signal (s) , from a set of first network nodes.
[0239] Figure 12 illustrates an example of a first network node 1200 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The first network node 1200 may include at least one processor 1202 and at least one memory 1204. Additionally, the first network node 1200 may also include one or more of at least one controller 1206 or at least one transceiver 1208. The processor 1202, the memory 1204, the controller 1206, or the transceiver 1208, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. These components may be coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces.
[0240] The processor 1202, the memory 1204, the controller 1206, or the transceiver 1208, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure.
[0241] The processor 1202 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 1202 may be configured to operate the memory 1204. In some other implementations, the memory 1204 may be integrated into the processor 1202. The processor 1202 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 1204 to cause the first network node 1200 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0242] The memory 1204 may include volatile or non-volatile memory. The memory 1204 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions when executed by the processor 1202 cause the first network node 1200 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as the memory 1204 or another type of memory. Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.
[0243] In some implementations, the processor 1202 and the memory 1204 coupled with the processor 1202 may be configured to cause the first network node 1200 to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 1202, instructions stored in the memory 1204) . For example, the processor 1202 may support wireless communication at the first network node 1200 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The first network node 1200 may be configured to support a means for performing the operations of the methods described in the embodiments of the present disclosure. In an embodiment, the processor 1202 may be configured to cause the first network node 1200 to: transmit, to a UE, first configuration information for a first uplink signal or a first downlink signal; receive the first uplink signal from the UE or transmit the first downlink signal to the UE based on the first configuration information; and transmit information to the UE in the case that the first network node would serve the UE based on a measurement result of the first uplink signal or the first downlink signal.
[0244] The controller 1206 may manage input and output signals for the first network node 1200. The controller 1206 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the first network node 1200. In some implementations, the controller 1206 may utilize an operating system such as or other operating systems. In some implementations, the controller 1206 may be implemented as part of the processor 1202.
[0245] In some implementations, the first network node 1200 may include at least one transceiver 1208. In some other implementations, the first network node 1200 may have more than one transceiver 1208. The transceiver 1208 may represent a wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1208 may include one or more receiver chains 1210, one or more transmitter chains 1212, or a combination thereof.
[0246] A receiver chain 1210 may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receiver chain 1210 may include one or more antennas for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receiver chain 1210 may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receiver chain 1210 may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receiver chain 1210 may include at least one decoder for decoding the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0247] A transmitter chain 1212 may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmitter chain 1212 may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmitter chain 1212 may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmitter chain 1212 may also include one or more antennas for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0248] Figure 13 illustrates an example of a second network node 1300 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The second network node 1300 may include at least one processor 1302 and at least one memory 1304. Additionally, the second network node 1300 may also include one or more of at least one controller 1306 or at least one transceiver 1308. The processor 1302, the memory 1304, the controller 1306, or the transceiver 1308, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. These components may be coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces.
[0249] The processor 1302, the memory 1304, the controller 1306, or the transceiver 1308, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure.
[0250] The processor 1302 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 1302 may be configured to operate the memory 1304. In some other implementations, the memory 1304 may be integrated into the processor 1302. The processor 1302 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 1304 to cause the second network node 1300 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0251] The memory 1304 may include volatile or non-volatile memory. The memory 1304 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions when executed by the processor 1302 cause the second network node 1300 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as the memory 1304 or another type of memory. Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.
[0252] In some implementations, the processor 1302 and the memory 1304 coupled with the processor 1302 may be configured to cause the second network node 1300 to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 1302, instructions stored in the memory 1304) . For example, the processor 1302 may support wireless communication at the second network node 1300 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The second network node 1300 may be configured to support a means for performing the operations of the methods described in the embodiments of the present disclosure. In an embodiment, the processor 1302 may be configured to cause the second network node 1300 to: transmit, to each first network node of a set of first network nodes, first configuration information for a first uplink signal from a UE to the first network node or a first downlink signal from the first network node to the UE; receive measurement report (s) based on the first uplink signal or the first downlink signal; and transmit information to first network nodes, which would serve the UE based on the measurement report (s) , from the set of first network nodes.
[0253] The controller 1306 may manage input and output signals for the second network node 1300. The controller 1306 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the second network node 1300. In some implementations, the controller 1306 may utilize an operating system such as or other operating systems. In some implementations, the controller 1306 may be implemented as part of the processor 1302.
[0254] In some implementations, the second network node 1300 may include at least one transceiver 1308. In some other implementations, the second network node 1300 may have more than one transceiver 1308. The transceiver 1308 may represent a wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1308 may include one or more receiver chains 1310, one or more transmitter chains 1312, or a combination thereof.
[0255] A receiver chain 1310 may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receiver chain 1310 may include one or more antennas for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receiver chain 1310 may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receiver chain 1310 may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receiver chain 1310 may include at least one decoder for decoding the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0256] A transmitter chain 1312 may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmitter chain 1312 may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmitter chain 1312 may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmitter chain 1312 may also include one or more antennas for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0257] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the UE to:receive first configuration information for first uplink signal (s) or first downlink signal (s) ;transmit the first uplink signal (s) or receive the first downlink signal (s) based on the first configuration information; andreceive information from first network nodes, which would serve the UE based on measurement results of the first uplink signal (s) or the first downlink signal (s) , from a set of first network nodes.2.The UE of Claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the UE to:determine resource (s) for the first uplink signal (s) from a resource pool based on the first configuration information, wherein the first configuration information includes at least one of the followings for the resource pool:one or more parameters indicating at least one of: a periodicity, an offset, a number of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol (s) in a slot, or position (s) of the OFDM symbol (s) in a slot;one or more parameters indicating at least one of a frequency bandwidth or a starting frequency position; orone or more parameters indicating at least one of a comb number or a cyclic shift (CS) number.3.The UE of Claim 2, wherein the UE is not expected to transmit physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) on resource (s) of the resource pool.4.The UE of Claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the UE to determine thata number of antenna ports for transmitting the first uplink signal (s) is 1.5.The UE of Claim 1, wherein the first configuration information includes a power parameter, and the at least one processor is configured to cause the UE to determine a transmission power for the first uplink signal (s) based on the power parameter.6.The UE of Claim 1 or 2, wherein the first configuration information further indicates at least one of the followings for transmitting the first uplink signal (s) :a comb offset value;a CS value;a sequence identification of the first uplink signal (s) ; ora number of antenna ports for transmitting the first uplink signal (s) .7.The UE of Claim 2, wherein the first configuration information further indicates random hopping for the first uplink signal (s) .8.The UE of Claim 7, wherein a resource set for the random hopping is associated with at least one of comb offset values or CS values, wherein the comb offset values are derived based on the comb number, and the CS values are derived based on the CS number.9.The UE of Claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the UE to determine a resource for each of the first downlink signal (s) in a set of resources associated with the set of first network nodes based on the first configuration information, and wherein the first configuration information includes at least one of the followings for a resource pool associated with the set of resources:one or more parameters indicating at least one of: a periodicity, an offset, a number of OFDM symbol (s) in a slot, or position (s) of the OFDM symbol (s) in a slot; orone or more parameters indicating at least one of: a frequency bandwidth, a starting frequency position, a density of resource elements (REs) per resource block (RB) , or a set of RE indexes in one RB.10.The UE of Claim 9, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the UE to use rate matching for receiving physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) overlapped with the resource pool.11.The UE of Claim 1, wherein:a number of antenna ports for the first downlink signal (s) is 1;a code division multiplexing (CDM) type in resource mapping for the first downlink signal (s) is no CDM; ora same power is used for all of the set of first network nodes for transmitting the first downlink signal (s) .12.The UE of Claim 1, wherein after receiving the first downlink signal (s) from the set of first network nodes, the at least one processor is further configured to cause the UE to:determine a set of measurement results, wherein each of the set of measurement results is determined based on one of the first downlink signal (s) ; andtransmit a measurement report based on the set of measurement results.13.The UE of Claim 12, wherein the measurement report includes:the set of measurement results;a first number of measurement results from the set of measurement results, and resource index (es) of the first downlink signal (s) associated with the first number of measurement results;resource index (es) of the first downlink signal (s) associated with a second number of measurement results from the set of measurement results or index (es) of the first network node (s) associated with the second number of measurement results; orthe set of measurement results and index (es) of first network node (s) from the set of first network nodes recommended by the UE;wherein the first number is configured to the UE, or the second number is determined by the UE.14.The UE of Claim 12, wherein a set of resources for the first downlink signal (s) includes one or more subsets of resources, each subset of resources is associated with a subset of first network nodes in the set of first network nodes, and the measurement report includes index (es) of subset (s) of first network nodes.15.The UE of Claim 1, wherein receiving information from the first network nodes which would serve the UE based on measurement results of the first uplink signal (s) or the first downlink signal (s) comprises:receiving second configuration information for second uplink signal (s) or second downlink signal (s) , wherein the second configuration information is associated with a subset of the set of first network nodes;transmitting the second uplink signal (s) or receive the second downlink signal (s) based on the second configuration information; andreceiving information from first network nodes, which would serve the UE based on measurement results of the first uplink signal (s) or the first downlink signal (s) and measurement results of the second uplink signal (s) or the second downlink signal (s) , from the subset.16.A first network node for wireless communication, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the first network node to:transmit, to a user equipment (UE) , first configuration information for a first uplink signal or a first downlink signal;receive the first uplink signal from the UE or transmit the first downlink signal to the UE based on the first configuration information; andtransmit information to the UE in the case that the first network node would serve the UE based on a measurement result of the first uplink signal or the first downlink signal.17.The first network node of Claim 16, wherein transmitting information to the UE in the case that the first network node would serve the UE based on a measurement result of the first uplink signal or the first downlink signal comprises:transmitting second configuration information for a second uplink signal or a second downlink signal;receiving the second uplink signal from the UE or transmit the second downlink signal to the UE based on the second configuration information; andtransmitting information to the UE in the case that the first network node would serve the UE based on a measurement result of the first uplink signal or the first downlink signal and a measurement result of the second uplink signal or the second downlink signal.18.A second network node for wireless communication, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the second network node to:transmit, to each first network node of a set of first network nodes, first configuration information for a first uplink signal from a user equipment (UE) to the first network node or a first downlink signal from the first network node to the UE;receive measurement report (s) based on the first uplink signal or the first downlink signal; andtransmit information to first network nodes, which would serve the UE based on the measurement report (s) , from the set of first network nodes.19.The second network node of Claim 18, wherein transmitting information to the first network nodes which would serve the UE based on the measurement report (s) comprises:transmitting, to each first network node in a subset of the set of first network nodes, second configuration information for a second uplink signal from the UE to the first network node or a second downlink signal from the first network node to the UE;receiving second measurement report (s) based on the second uplink signal or the second downlink signal; andtransmitting information to first network nodes, which would serve the UE based on the measurement report (s) and the second measurement report (s) , from the subset.20.A processor for wireless communication, comprising:at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to:receive first configuration information for first uplink signal (s) or first downlink signal (s) ;transmit the first uplink signal (s) or receive the first downlink signal (s) based on the first configuration information; andreceive information from first network nodes, which would serve the UE based on measurement results of the first uplink signal (s) or the first downlink signal(s) , from a set of first network nodes.