Optical arrangement for determining the objective and subjective refraction and the centration of the eyes, and method for the operation thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to an optical arrangement (1) and a method for the operation thereof for determining the objective and subjective refraction of the eyes of a person and the centration of a pair of spectacles in front of the eyes (11, 12) of the person (2). The optical arrangement (1) comprises the following apparatuses: a shielding apparatus (3) with an arched surface (4); a number of cameras (5) for capturing images of the head of the person (2) from different directions; a projection and measuring apparatus (6) which comprises an eye box (9), wherein the eye box (9) is arranged at a defined position in relation to the shielding apparatus (3); and a human machine interface (40) that is designed for communication with the person (2). The projection and measuring apparatus (6) comprises, for each eye (11, 12), a separate device (10) for projecting digital image content in the visual field of the person (2) and for projecting and reflecting measurement beams for determining the objective refraction for the person (2); an eye tracking device (5, 19) for automatic alignment and adjustment of the devices (10) for projecting digital image content in the visual field of the person (2) in relation to the position of the eyes (11, 12) to be measured; an apparatus (21, 22) for measuring the objective refraction of the eyes (11, 12); and a projector (20) for projecting at least one image for each eye which is visually perceivable as digital image content (25) from the eye box (9).

Description

[0001] Optical arrangement for determining objective and subjective refraction and centration of the eyes and method for its operation

[0002] The present invention relates to an optical arrangement for determining the objective and subjective refraction of the eyes of a person and the centring of spectacles in front of the eyes of the person (hereinafter also referred to as user for ease of differentiation), preferably within only a single session, as well as a method for operating such an optical arrangement.

[0003] In the context of ophthalmic measurement of a person's or user's eyes for the production of visual aids and the fitting of eyeglasses, the objective refraction, the subjective refraction, and the centration of the eyes are usually determined, specifically measured, in separate steps and using different devices by an optician or optometrist. The objective refraction is determined, for example, using an auto-refractor; the subjective refraction is determined using a phoropter and image charts or image chart projections; and the centration of the eyes is determined, for example, using a centner device (e.g., VISUFIT 1000). This procedure requires the person to be placed in front of various devices and specialist personnel, for example, personnel trained in ophthalmology who can operate the appropriate devices.

[0004] Solutions are known from the prior art that combine the determination of objective and subjective refraction using a single device, e.g., the device sold under the name Topcon Chronos. Furthermore, document US 2012 / 0 287 398 A1 discloses concepts for a combined binocular determination of objective and subjective refraction. Document US 7 357 509 B2 describes metrics for determining the subjective influence of wavefront aberrations of the eye. Document WO 2020 / 219 711 A1 describes light-field displays.

[0005] The introduction of AR glasses (AR - Augmented Reality) that can be worn in everyday life is giving rise to new requirements for workflows, user guidance, and diagnostic equipment. This particularly applies to AR glasses, which combine an entertainment electronics product and a medical product in the case of individual vision correction or individual user adaptation. In particular, it is desirable to be able to fully measure the user in a single session on a single device or measuring station with regard to the parameters required for the production of the glasses, e.g. AR glasses, for the individualized fitting of customized AR glasses, MR glasses (MR - Mixed Reality), or VR glasses (VR - Virtual Reality). This could take place, for example, in the sales room of an optician or AR glasses provider, or a tech store.However, tech stores in particular usually do not have the necessary optical expertise and appropriately trained staff.

[0006] A significant disadvantage of currently common objective measurement techniques for determining the individual visual aid required for a human eye is the unnatural visual conditions during the measurement, particularly the sequential individual monocular measurement of each eye combined with the occurrence of instrument myopia, as well as the separation of the determination of objective and subjective refraction. While there are measurement techniques for measuring objective refraction that use an open viewing environment (e.g., from Canon or Wavefront Science), these do not allow for user feedback, especially for optimizing or improving the measurement results in any way.In addition, a solution is desired that offers at least a combined measurement of refraction and centration in one device with a simple workflow that can be performed by personnel who are not optically trained, for example in a tech store.

[0007] Following an objective refraction measurement, optically trained personnel are required to perform a sophisticated subjective refraction measurement based on the results of the objective refraction measurement as a baseline. This typically takes into account other aspects such as instrument myopia, binocular fine adjustment, binocular vision, near addition, and astigmatism. In a further separate step, the centration parameters are determined to adapt the glasses to the individual requirements of the user and ensure a correct fit in terms of interpupillary distance, height, inclination, etc. This has previously precluded the corresponding measurement in a tech store or any other sales area without optically trained personnel on site.

[0008] Against the background described above, the object of the present invention is to provide an advantageous optical arrangement for determining the objective and subjective refraction of a person's eyes and for centering spectacles, in particular real or virtual spectacles, in front of the person's eyes. A further object is to provide a method for operating a corresponding optical arrangement.

[0009] The stated objects are achieved by an optical arrangement according to claim 1 and by a method for operating the optical arrangement according to claim 20. The dependent claims contain further advantageous embodiments of the invention.

[0010] The optical arrangement according to the invention for determining, in particular for measuring and / or calculating, the objective and subjective refraction of a person's eyes and for centering glasses, in particular real or virtual glasses, in front of the person's eyes, e.g., during eyeglass fitting, comprises the following devices: a shielding device with a curved surface, a number of cameras for capturing images of the person's head from different directions, a projection and measuring device, and a human-machine interface (HMI). The number of cameras, i.e., at least one of the cameras, can be designed to capture images for generating an avatar, i.e., a three-dimensional virtual representation of the person's head.

[0011] The curved surface can form a surface region of the shielding device. The curved surface can be curved inward with respect to the shielding device, which, starting from the person to be measured, corresponds to an outward curvature (see Figure 1, where the curved surface is designated by the reference numeral 4). A curved surface is understood to be a surface that at least partially encloses a defined volume. In the present case, the curvature of the shielding device forms a depression or a cavity. The curved surface can, in particular, be designed as a concave surface.

[0012] The human-machine interface is designed for communication with the person. Communication can be audio-visual and / or haptic, and / or controlled by gestures and / or eye movements.

[0013] The projection and measuring device comprises an eyebox or has an eyebox or defines an eyebox, wherein the eyebox is arranged within a defined area with respect to the shielding device. An eyebox is understood to be the spatial area from which an image generated or irradiated by means of the projection and measuring device is visually perceptible to the person as an optical image. The projection and measuring device comprises a separate device for each eye, e.g. a head-up display, for projecting digital, i.e. virtual, image content (virtual content) in the field of vision of the person, in particular in the line of sight, and for projecting and reflecting measuring beams for the objective determination of the person's refraction.The projection and measurement device further comprises an eye-tracking device, i.e., a device for gaze tracking, for the automatic or automated alignment and adjustment, e.g., adjustment and / or calibration, of the devices for projecting digital image content in the person's field of vision with respect to the position of the eyes to be measured. Eye tracking can be performed using at least one camera or a head-up display.

[0014] The eye-tracking device can also be designed for communication with the person, i.e., it can be used in particular within the HMI or form part of the HMI. This enables communication between the person and the user via eye movements. Eye tracking can be performed using at least one camera or a head-up display. Furthermore, the eye-tracking device can be designed to measure vergence.

[0015] The projection and measurement device also includes a device for measuring the objective refraction of the eyes, e.g., an optometer and / or an aberrometer, and a projector for projecting at least one image for each eye, which is visually perceivable from the eyebox as digital image content. In other words, the projector is designed to project at least one image for each eye into the person's field of vision, whereby the image is visually perceivable by the person as a virtual image (virtual content). Thus, two separate processes can occur simultaneously. For objective refraction, devices such as head-up displays can be used to send a measuring beam (usually infrared) into the eye, capture the resulting wavefront on the sensor, and thus determine the person's "optical fingerprint."The key advantage is that this can be done while the person is looking at a virtual eye chart (binary eye) in the "free field." This solves the problem of the lack of natural visual conditions during objective refraction.

[0016] The optical arrangement according to the invention has the advantage of enabling simultaneous measurement, i.e., simultaneous or largely simultaneous measurement, or measurement of a person's eyes with regard to objective and subjective refraction, as well as with regard to eye centration, during eyeglass fitting. Only a combined measurement arrangement in the form of the optical arrangement according to the invention is required, so that the person does not have to be measured for individual parameters using different devices, at different locations, or at different times.

[0017] A further advantage is that the data determined using the optical arrangement can be used as a basis for the production or manufacture of a customized wearable device, for example, conventional glasses, AR glasses, MR glasses, VR glasses, or a head-mounted display (HMD), enabling the production of the corresponding device without any additional adaptations. This enables a largely automated, kiosk-like arrangement that can be set up and operated anywhere, e.g., in a salesroom or tech store, and which, under reproducible and optimizable environmental conditions, enables the determination of all or almost all parameters required for the production and adaptation of a wearable optical device, in particular objective refraction, subjective refraction, and centration, as well as eyeglass adjustment.

[0018] The solution according to the invention also improves ophthalmic diagnostics, allowing the use of largely automated methods that do not require on-site optically trained personnel, but can be performed on-site by personnel trained in the application or operation of the optical arrangement according to the invention. The determined results can then be remotely reviewed and approved by optically trained personnel, e.g., an ophthalmologist and / or optician. For example, the optical arrangement can be designed to measure objective and subjective refraction and to measure the centration of the eyes during eyeglass fitting without the need for optically trained personnel.

[0019] In an advantageous embodiment, the optical arrangement is designed for simultaneous measurement of the centration of the eyes and the objective and / or subjective refraction of the eyes. This has the advantage, already described above, that a combined measurement of all required parameters is possible at a single measuring position using a single arrangement.

[0020] The shielding device can be designed as a hemisphere, umbrella, shield, dome, or as an open, free-form hollow body. The curved surface can be spherical or aspherical, or in the form of a hollow sphere section, a hollow cylinder section, a hollow truncated cone section, or any other free form. For example, the curved surface can also comprise flat surface regions or flat subelements. A hollow sphere section can be formed by the curved surface or the curved surface region of the shielding device. A concave inner surface or a concave inner surface region with at least one radius of curvature can be formed by the curved surface or the curved surface region of the shielding device. Preferably, the curved surface covers the field of view or substantially the field of view.The curved surface should be as homogeneous as possible and have as little optical contrast as possible. The shielding device can be designed and / or arranged such that, starting from a point within the eyebox, it covers a defined solid angle range in an azimuthal, e.g. horizontal, and / or a meridional, e.g. vertical, plane. The defined solid angle range can, for example, define the measurable field of vision or be larger or smaller than the person’s field of vision. In particular, the eyebox can be arranged such that it is positioned within the shielding device with respect to at least one solid angle. This ensures, on the one hand, that the person’s field of vision is not disturbed by other objects in the environment.On the other hand, an appropriate arrangement of cameras can ensure that the areas behind the person's ears, which are required for adjusting the temples of glasses, can also be captured by the cameras.

[0021] Advantageously, the shielding device covers an angular range of at least 5 degrees, e.g., at least 20 degrees, advantageously at least 90 degrees, in particular at least 140 degrees, e.g., at least 220 degrees, starting from a point within the eyebox in the meridional plane and / or in the azimuthal plane. The coverage in the azimuthal plane can be greater than the coverage in the meridional plane. Preferably, the shielding device extends from a point within the eyebox in the meridional plane over a total angular range of at least 140 degrees, e.g., a total of at least 160 degrees, and / or in the azimuthal plane over a total angular range of at least 220 degrees.

[0022] The curved surface of the shielding device can be used to emit light with a controllable luminance to provide a measurement environment for a photopic and / or mesopic and / or scotopic refraction measurement and / or a

[0023] Contrast sensitivity measurement, e.g., in conjunction with a digital target, such as a radiated letter board perceived as digital image content. In particular, the shielding device can comprise means for adjusting the brightness within the curved surface, e.g., the hemisphere, according to established standards for refraction measurement. This enables and guarantees high-quality measurement of the eyes under different ambient brightness levels. The shielding device is advantageously designed to ensure controlled viewing conditions during measurements. The surface is preferably configured to form a contrast-free or homogeneously perceivable background for projections.

[0024] The curved surface of the shielding device may have an average radius of curvature between 0.1 m (r min=0.1 rn), which corresponds to an average diameter of 0.2 m (d min =0.2m) and 4 m (r max =4m), which corresponds to an average diameter of 8 m (d max =8m). In the case of an elliptical shape, the dimensions mentioned can be one of the two semi-axes with respect to the radius of curvature. In the case of a freeform dome-shaped surface, the dimensions mentioned are average values ​​related to the entire curved surface. A suitably large shielding device reduces the instrument myopia described above during the measurement of objective and subjective refraction.

[0025] In a further variant, the optical arrangement is designed to project digital image content into the eyebox, which can be perceived in a, e.g., variable, viewing direction at infinity, for example for distance refraction measurements, i.e. when measuring refraction at a distance. Starting from the eyebox in the viewing direction, the shielding device can have an area on the curved surface, e.g., in a solid angle range of + / - 10 degrees, with fewer or no monocular and / or binocular accommodation stimuli compared to the area of ​​the curved surface outside this area. Advantageously, no camera or a hidden camera is arranged in said area. For example, an infrared camera (IR camera) can be arranged behind a cover, e.g., behind a fabric, in the aforementioned solid angle range.In this way, the subject's view of a digital test image projected into infinity or a great distance, e.g., a letter or picture chart or other target, is not disturbed or overlaid by objects in the optical arrangement located in the line of sight. The described design reduces or minimizes instrument myopia during measurements during which the subject is looking into the distance.

[0026] The shielding device can comprise means for accommodating at least one of the plurality of cameras for capturing images for generating an avatar of the person's head. At least one of the plurality of cameras can be attached and / or integrated into and / or on the shielding device. Preferably, the cameras are arranged such that they are not or barely visible from the eyebox. For example, a plurality of cameras can be arranged with respect to the eyebox along an azimuthal or horizontal solid angle range in a horizontally extending straight or curved line or a horizontally extending bar or in a horizontally extending plane. In principle, any arrangement of the cameras is possible. An annular arrangement is advantageous.

[0027] The optical arrangement can comprise between 1 and 20 cameras, e.g. between 5 and 20 cameras, in particular between 10 and 20 cameras, for capturing images for generating an avatar of the person's head. A plurality of the cameras for capturing images for generating an avatar of the person's head can be arranged along an azimuthally extending bar of the curved surface, e.g. the hemisphere. Individual cameras can also be arranged outside the curved surface, e.g. behind and / or above and / or next to the eyebox, in particular outside an azimuthal or horizontal solid angle range of 180 degrees. At least one camera for capturing images for generating an avatar of the person's head can be arranged with respect to the eyebox such that it is designed to capture the back of the person's ears. This improves capture of the area behind the person's ears.A design with at least one camera that can be moved in the room is also possible.

[0028] The at least one camera or a plurality of cameras, e.g. in combination with one another, can be designed to determine, e.g. measure or calculate, the centering of the glasses in front of a person's eyes, in particular for a direct determination and / or a determination on a generated avatar. The at least one camera can have a depth measuring technology or a sensor system for depth measurement. The at least one camera can be designed as an infrared camera and / or a visual camera and / or a grayscale camera and / or a light field camera. At least one of the cameras, for example 5 to 10 cameras out of a total of 20 cameras, or all cameras or all but one visual camera can be designed as infrared cameras, in particular for a VF1000 functionality. The determination of the centering, e.g.by means of the avatar, may include a pupillary distance measurement and / or line of sight measurement and / or inclination measurement and / or deflection measurement and / or corneal vertex distance measurement.

[0029] Furthermore, the at least one camera or a plurality of cameras, e.g. in combination with one another, can be designed to capture images for generating an avatar for a virtual fitting function of digital spectacle frames and / or AR glasses and / or MR glasses and / or VR glasses.

[0030] The projector can be designed as a light field projector. With the help of the light field projector, the emission direction distribution can be adjusted and varied for each spatially located light emitter. One design of a light field projector includes, for example, a light source composed of pixels with a lens field arranged in front of it in the emission direction, which lens field comprises a plurality of individual lenses arranged in a plane. The lens field can be refractive and / or diffractive. Another possible design of a light field projector includes a pixel array that is illuminated sequentially from different angles and thereby utilizes the temporal inertia of the eye to enable a spatially variable illumination angle distribution per pixel that is quasi-static for the eye by synchronously and quickly switching the illumination direction and the transmittance or reflectance of the pixel array.These two examples or further embodiments can be regarded as static or quasi-static, i.e., respectively, the perceptible flicker frequency of the eye, of light field projectors can adjust and vary the emission distribution for each spatially localized light emitter.

[0031] The separate devices, in particular head-up displays, for projecting digital image content in the person's field of vision can each comprise a semi-transparent optical element, which is each designed to radiate a measuring beam from the device for measuring the objective refraction of the eyes into the respective eye, preferably into each eye separately, and to guide a wavefront emitted by the respective eye to an aberrometer of the device for measuring the objective refraction of the eyes. The semi-transparent optical elements can be designed, for example, as a simple beam splitter combiner or holographic combiner or curved combiner or waveguide combiner. The semi-transparent optical element can each be designed to radiate a measuring beam from the projector for measuring the subjective refraction of the eyes into the respective eye.The semi-transparent optical element can be configured to project a virtual or digital fixation target into infinity, e.g., during a measurement of the objective or subjective refraction of the eyes, and / or to project a virtual or digital fixation target at a distance corresponding to the measured objective refraction. During the objective wavefront measurement or determination of the objective refraction, for example, a virtual or digital fixation target for each eye can be projected binocularly into infinity, adjusted to the interpupillary distance, to ensure parallel binocular vergence of both eye axes (visual axes), minimizing accommodative incentives.

[0032] The semi-transparent optical elements can also be designed as imaging cameras and used accordingly, for example, as an eye-tracking device or for gaze detection. They can also be designed for time-sequential scanning of a wavefront and used accordingly, for example, in the context of measuring the objective refraction of the eyes.

[0033] The device for measuring the objective refraction of the eyes can be arranged below the separate devices and / or the semi-transparent optical elements. This is advantageous both for minimizing disruptive accommodation stimuli in the person's field of vision and for conserving space and optimally utilizing the available solid angle range for measurements.

[0034] The alignment and individual adjustment of the separate devices, in particular head-up displays, for projecting digital image content in the person's field of vision can be achieved and monitored by means of the at least one eye-tracking device. The eye-tracking device can, for example, monitor the position of the eyes and adjust the position of the separate devices for projecting digital image content depending on the position of the eyes. In a preferred embodiment, the semi-transparent optical element redirects the image of the eye downwards to a camera. This image can be used to track the movement of the eye. Additionally or alternatively, the cameras arranged on or in the shielding device, in particular the hemisphere, can be used to determine the eye position during the measurement and thus to adjust the position of the separate devices.

[0035] Instead of using conventional test lenses in trial glasses or in a phoropter as objective starting values ​​for a subjective refraction determination, within the scope of the present invention, virtual target units, e.g. in the form of two- or three-dimensional digital image content, can be projected into a person's field of vision in such a way that they image the appropriate or compensating focal plane of the results of the determination of the objective refraction. This can be done immediately after the measurement of the objective refraction and, if necessary, an additional image-based objective refraction with the aid of retinal image metrics (see, for example, US 7 357 509 B2) to refine the results. In this case, it is possible to switch from the projection of a fixation target during the determination of the objective refraction to the display of image maps for determining the subjective refraction.

[0036] The aberrometer and optometer can be designed to determine objective refraction for measuring sphere, cylinder, axis, and optionally higher-order aberrations. They can be designed to utilize wavefront sensor technologies and include at least one of the following sensors: a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor, a Schlieren phase shift sensor, a wavefront curvature sensor, a pyramidal wavefront sensor, a common-path interferometer, a Foucault cutting edge sensor, a shear interferometer, a multilateral shear interferometer, a Ronchi test, etc. The optometer can utilize a Badal system, rotatable lenses, Stokes cells, the Scheiner principle, and other suitable technologies, e.g., methods for ray tracing-based time-sequential wavefront determination. The objective wavefront measurement can be performed for each eye sequentially or in parallel for both eyes.

[0037] To determine subjective refraction, the projection of test content, for example, in the form of letters or images, is essential. Typically, test lenses are placed in front of the eyes to compensate for the refractive errors in each eye. This requires a set of test or trial lenses that compensate for spherical and / or astigmatic aberrations. The testing procedure is generally time-consuming and is performed under conditions with only limited visibility. An automated workflow is hardly feasible, and trained personnel are required to perform the test.

[0038] Within the scope of the present invention, the projector can be designed to emit virtual or digital fixation targets or image content, e.g., holographic digital image content, and to project it into the eyebox, which imitates a correction of the determined, e.g., measured, refractive error, in particular according to the final result from the determined objective and / or subjective refraction. Preferably, the correction is dynamically adjustable. This can be achieved, for example, with the aid of an appropriately designed light field projector (see, for example, WO 2020 / 219 711 A1). This has the advantage that a previously described classic test set is no longer required, and more precise results can be achieved than with the inherently limited classic test lens set. In addition to sphere and astigmatism, higher-order aberrations can also be taken into account for an individual correction based on subjective feedback.

[0039] The projector is preferably designed as a light field projector, wherein the projector comprises a display constructed or composed of pixels and an array of refractive and / or diffractive optical elements arranged on the display, i.e., in the beam path downstream of the display. The projector can be designed to dynamically generate a light field by projecting a plurality of images of different views of an object to be imaged at a frequency, i.e., a display frequency, of at least 20 Hertz. The array of refractive and / or diffractive optical elements can comprise microlenses. The microlenses can function as superpixels of the underlying display. Additionally or alternatively, an array of pixelated diffractive optical elements arranged on the display can be present.Another possible design of a light field projector comprises, as already mentioned, a pixel array which is illuminated sequentially from different angles and thereby uses the temporal inertia of the eye to enable a spatially variable illumination angle distribution per pixel that is quasi-static for the eye by synchronously and quickly switching the illumination direction and the transmittance or reflectance of the pixel array.

[0040] The projector, especially the light-field projector, can be designed to project digital image content at a distance of -20 diopters (dpt) to +20 diopters (e.g., from -15 dpt to +10 dpt, e.g., from -11 dpt to +8 dpt, e.g., from -10 dpt to +5 dpt) from the eyebox. A separate projector can be provided for each eye for test lens simulation. The test lens simulation can also be performed using holograms or holographically. In this case, the projector can be designed to project holographic digital image content.

[0041] The projector may comprise a spatial lightwave modulator for locally adjusting or modulating the amplitude and phase of light waves, particularly incident light waves for simulation, e.g., dynamic simulation, of test lenses. The spatial lightwave modulator may be implemented using holographic means, e.g., a plurality of holograms or dynamically variable holograms.

[0042] Using the options described, it is also possible to simulate progressive lenses. Furthermore, the projector can include a retinal projection device designed to simulate test lenses—in other words, to simulate the presence of test lenses in the beam path.

[0043] The dynamic adjustment described can significantly reduce the time required to determine subjective refraction. In addition, an automated procedure is possible without the need for specialist personnel. The person, e.g. a user, can individually control the dynamic adjustment via the HMI. In principle, all tests can be carried out in a guided procedure. Instructions and communication can be audio-visual, gesture-controlled, or controlled via haptic signals or eye movements. The person can operate an input device, e.g. with at least one push button and / or a rotary knob and / or a microphone, to make inputs. Inputs can also be made, for example, via eye movements using an eye tracking device. The person can also receive audio instructions and visual instructions via a suitable device, e.g. loudspeaker, headphones, display, etc.Trained personnel can assist if necessary.

[0044] In a particularly advantageous variant with regard to efficiency and user comfort, the optical arrangement is designed to measure the parameters required for the production of the glasses within a period of less than 15 minutes and / or in only one session at only one measuring station.

[0045] The inventive method for operating an optical arrangement according to the invention comprises the following steps: In a step S1, a person is positioned with respect to the eyebox such that the person's line of sight extends toward the curved surface of the shielding device for each eye through the separate device, e.g., head-up display, for projecting digital image content. In a step S2, the eye-tracking device is used to align and adjust, e.g., adjust and / or calibrate, the devices for projecting digital image content in the person's field of vision with respect to the position of the eyes to be measured. This preferably takes place automatically.

[0046] In step S3, images of the person's head are captured using a number of cameras. In step S4, the centration of a pair of glasses in front of the person's eyes is determined, e.g. measured and / or calculated, using the captured images. In step S5, the objective refraction of the eyes is determined, e.g. measured and / or calculated, using the projection and measuring device. Values, e.g. from the person's glasses prescription, can also be entered or read in and used as initial values. The person's previous pair of glasses can also be measured to determine initial values. This can be done separately in a corresponding measuring device or while the person is wearing the glasses. The at least one camera and / or the projection and measuring device can be used for this.

[0047] In step S6, the subjective refraction of the eyes is determined, e.g., measured and / or calculated, using the projection and measurement device. Digital image content simulating a vision correction, preferably based on the determined objective refraction, is projected into the person's field of vision, e.g., using the projection device, and inputs from the person are received via the human-machine interface.

[0048] Steps S3 to S6 can also be performed in a different order or at least partially simultaneously or all simultaneously. The method according to the invention has the features and advantages already described above in connection with the optical arrangement according to the invention.

[0049] In an advantageous variant, an avatar of the person's head is generated using the captured images and the centering of the glasses in front of the eyes is determined, e.g. measured and / or calculated, using the generated avatar.

[0050] In an optional step S7, virtual glasses, e.g., comprising a frame and / or lens, can be provided and displayed to the person on the generated avatar in the form of a digital, e.g., two-dimensional or three-dimensional, image content projected into the person's field of vision. The digitally displayed glasses can be conventional glasses, AR glasses, MR glasses, VR glasses, or progressive vision glasses.

[0051] As part of determining the objective and / or subjective refraction of the eyes, a person's near accommodation can be determined. A digital image is displayed monocularly and the distance of the digital image from the eye is reduced until the person can no longer focus the image sharply, i.e., until the image becomes blurred. This step can then be repeated for the other eye.

[0052] It is advantageous to determine an individualized or customized focal plane for the projection of digital image content using a stereo display. This is particularly advantageous for AR glasses, MR glasses, or VR glasses. This allows, on the one hand, an individual comfort zone for the person to be optimally utilized by utilizing the depth of field. On the other hand, customization can reduce or prevent undesirable effects of wearing such glasses for an extended period, such as headaches.

[0053] To determine the individualized focal plane, the person's astigmatism can be determined for at least a specified distance from the eyes and / or the person's fusion width / vergence can be determined for at least a specified distance from the eyes, whereby a test object is projected into the person's field of vision as a fusion stimulus. Based on the determined astigmatism and / or the determined fusion width / vergence, the focal plane can be determined. The focal plane can be set such that the depth of field within the accommodation amplitude is fully utilized. In other words, the focal plane can be positioned at a distance from the eyes so that the person can still see clearly both in front of and behind the focal plane.

[0054] In a further variant, the phoria value and / or the person's vergence for distance and near, e.g. for near at a distance in the range of 10 cm to 40 cm, can be determined to determine the individualized focal plane. Furthermore, the minimum relative vergence and / or the maximum relative vergence can be determined and taken into account when determining the focal plane. Optionally, the ratio of accommodative convergence to accommodation can be calculated, e.g. in one step with the determination of the accommodation amplitude, and the focal plane can be set depending on the calculated ratio. This achieves improved individualization of the focal plane distance. The variants described increase comfort for the person, both when determining the required ophthalmic parameters and during later use of the optical device, e.g. AR glasses.

[0055] In principle, the optical arrangement according to the invention can be used to determine all the ophthalmic parameters required for the production of an optical device worn in front of the eyes, for example, glasses or a viewing window for a helmet. In this case, methods and tests known from ophthalmic optics can be applied quickly and easily in an automated manner. The entire method according to the invention is preferably carried out within a period of less than 15 minutes, preferably less than 5 minutes.

[0056] In summary, the present invention enables users to conveniently, quickly, and qualitatively determine, e.g., measure, the ophthalmic and physical parameters required for the production of a wearable optical device. Furthermore, a virtual fitting of a variety of customized spectacle frames is possible, further improving user comfort.

[0057] The invention will be explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying figures. Although the invention is illustrated and described in more detail by the preferred embodiments, the invention is not limited to the disclosed examples, and other variations may be derived therefrom by a person skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0058] The figures are not necessarily detailed or to scale and may be enlarged or reduced to provide a better overview. Therefore, the functional details disclosed herein are not to be considered limiting, but merely as an illustrative basis for providing guidance to those skilled in the art for variously employing the present invention.

[0059] As used herein, the term "and / or," when used in a series of two or more elements, means that any of the listed elements may be used alone, or any combination of two or more of the listed elements may be used. For example, if a composition is described containing components A, B, and / or C, the composition may contain A alone; B alone; C alone; A and B in combination; A and C in combination; B and C in combination; or A, B, and C in combination.

[0060] Fig. 1 shows schematically an optical arrangement according to the invention in a perspective view.

[0061] Fig. 2 shows schematically an optical arrangement according to the invention in the form of a block diagram.

[0062] Fig. 3-6 schematically show different variants of the functioning of an optical arrangement according to the invention based on the beam path.

[0063] Fig. 7 schematically shows an exemplary method according to the invention for operating an optical arrangement according to the invention in the form of a flow chart.

[0064] Figure 1 schematically shows an optical arrangement according to the invention in a perspective view. The optical arrangement 1 shown for determining the objective and subjective refraction and the centration of the eyes of a person 2 comprises a shielding device 3 with a curved surface 4, a plurality of cameras 5, a projection and measuring device 6, and a human-machine interface (HMI) 40. In the variant shown, the shielding device 3 is designed in the form of a hemisphere, a hollow hemisphere, or dome. The curved surface 4 in this case is concavely spherically curved and has, for example, a radius of curvature between 0.1 m and 4 m, or a diameter between 0.2 m and 8 m. The projection and measuring device 6 and the human-machine interface (HMI) 40 can also be arranged at least partially or completely within the shielding device 3.

[0065] The cameras 5, which can be between 5 and 20, for example 10, cameras, are arranged on the surface 4 of the shielding device 3 or integrated into the surface 4. The shielding device 3 preferably has corresponding receiving devices or fastening devices for this purpose. Advantageously, the cameras 5 are arranged such that they are not or hardly visible to the person 2. At the very least, the cameras 5 should be arranged such that they do not create an accommodation stimulus in the viewing direction 7, for example in the spatial region designated by the reference numeral 8, which could cause instrument myopia. Preferably, no cameras 5 are arranged in the viewing direction 7 and optionally within a defined solid angle range, e.g. + / - 10 degrees, starting from a defined viewing direction 7, so that the view of the person 2 into the distance is not impaired.

[0066] The surface 4 is designed to form a contrast-free or homogeneously perceivable background for projections. The surface 4 can be colored white or black, for example. A white color has the advantage of reducing instrument myopia. A black color has the advantage of ensuring large pupils of the person 2 during the measurement. The shielding device 3 is optionally arranged on the surface 4 for emitting light with a controllable luminance to provide a measurement environment for a photopic and / or mesopic and / or scotopic refraction measurement and / or a

[0067] Contrast sensitivity measurement is also possible. Alternatively, the surface can also be gray or striped, e.g., black and white stripes, or patterned. The stripes or patterns should be so fine, e.g., with dimensions in the micrometer range, that they are not perceptible to a person 2 from the eyebox 9.

[0068] The cameras 5 are designed to capture images of the head of person 2 or are geometrically arranged accordingly, so that the captured images enable the generation of an avatar of the person's head. At least some of the cameras, i.e., all cameras or all cameras except at least one camera, for example, between 5 and 10 cameras, can be designed as infrared cameras. At least one, preferably two, of the cameras 5 can be arranged so that they can also capture areas behind the ears of the person 2. For this purpose, at least one camera can also be arranged outside the shielding device 3.

[0069] In the variant shown, the cameras 5 are arranged along an azimuthally or horizontally extending line or within an azimuthally or horizontally extending area, e.g., a corresponding bar-shaped area, on the surface 4. Furthermore, it is possible for the cameras to be arranged in a meridional direction or offset vertically from one another. Any arrangement, e.g., even a circular or elliptical arrangement, is possible.

[0070] The HMI 40 is designed for communication with the person 2, for example, for audio-visual communication and / or gesture-controlled communication and / or haptic communication. For this purpose, an input device with at least one button and / or a rotary knob and / or a foot pedal and / or a slider and / or a touchpad and / or a pressure sensor and / or a temperature sensor and / or an eye-tracking device and / or a microphone can be provided. The projection and measuring device 6 comprises an eyebox 9. In the variant shown, the eyebox 9 is located in the area of ​​the head of the person 2. The eyebox 9 is arranged at a fixed position relative to the shielding device 3. The position can be individually determined during installation of the optical arrangement, whereby, among other things, room specifications or room conditions can be taken into account during the determination.The projection and measuring device 6 comprises a separate device 10 for each eye for projecting digital image content in the field of vision of the person 2, in particular in the viewing direction 7 or in the spatial area 8. The separate devices 10 can be, for example, head-up displays.

[0071] The projection and measuring device 6 optionally also comprises an eye-tracking device (not explicitly shown in Figure 1) for automatically aligning and adjusting the devices 10 for projecting digital image content with respect to the area of ​​the person's 2 eyes to be measured. Furthermore, the projection and measuring device 6 comprises a device for measuring the objective refraction of the person's 2 eyes. The measuring device preferably comprises an optometer and a wavefront sensor. Furthermore, the projection and measuring device 6 comprises a projector for projecting at least one image for each eye, which image is visually perceptible from the eyebox 9. A separate projector may be provided for each eye or each separate device for projecting digital image content.However, it is also possible that only one projector is present in combination with an appropriately designed beam splitter device.

[0072] The projection and measuring device 6 is designed to determine a plurality of ophthalmic parameters required for the production of a customized optical device, e.g., a pair of glasses. The optical device can, in particular, also be contact lenses or a viewing window for a helmet. The glasses can be designed as conventional glasses for correcting ametropia, as varifocal glasses, as AR glasses, MR glasses, or VR glasses.

[0073] The ophthalmic parameters to be determined are objective refraction, subjective refraction, and eye centration. Eye centration is determined, for example, using a generated avatar. Optionally, one or more of the following parameters can be determined using the projection and measuring device 6: astigmatism (phoria), accommodation amplitude, accommodative convergence, and retinal image metric-based refraction. Parameters that characterize a vergence-accommodation conflict and may cause physical complaints (e.g., digital eye strain) can also be optionally determined. In principle, the eyes can be measured objectively and also subjectively with regard to sphere, cylinder, and axis, and optionally higher-order aberrations, using the projection and measuring device 6.

[0074] Figure 2 schematically shows an optical arrangement 1 according to the invention in the form of a block diagram. By means of the projection and measuring device 6, virtual or digital images can be projected as targets for the measurements at various distances from the eyebox 9 or the eyes 11 and 12 of the person 2. A first exemplary virtual image plane is designated by reference numeral 16 and is located outside the shielding device 3. A second exemplary virtual image plane is designated by reference numeral 17 and is located inside the shielding device 3. The possible variation of the position of the image plane in the viewing direction 7 is indicated by an arrow with reference numeral 18.

[0075] The projected digital image content or virtual target can be displayed or projected monocularly or binocularly. For this purpose, the separate devices 10 can be adjusted monocularly or binocularly. As indicated by arrows 15 in Figure 2, the separate devices 10 in the form of displays can be tilted relative to each other and relative to the viewing direction 7. This allows for the determination of the astigmatism and the measurement of the ratio of accommodative convergence to accommodation.

[0076] The projection and measuring device 6 comprises a number of control devices and measuring devices. In the variant shown, an eye-tracking device 19, a projection unit 20, for example in the form of a light-field projector, with at least one projector for projecting a digital image content, an optometer unit 21, a wavefront sensor unit 22, and optionally an audio unit 23 are provided for each eye separately. The audio unit 23 can be part of the HMI. The projection and measuring device 6 can be controlled objectively or automatically using a control unit 13, which can be a tablet computer, for example.By means of a further control unit 14, which can be, for example, a component of the HMI 40 or coupled thereto for signal transmission, a subjective, i.e. individual, control can be realized, for example by the respective person whose eyes are to be measured, or by assistant personnel.

[0077] Figures 3 to 6 show different variants of the functioning and realization of an optical arrangement according to the invention based on the beam path.

[0078] In Figure 3, an optical system with at least one relay lens 30 is arranged below a device 10 designed as a curved, reflective HUD. This serves to transmit the beam path 33 of a digital image content to be projected from the projector 20 and the beam path 34 of an eye-tracking device 19 to the eyebox 9 or the respective eye 11 or 12, as well as to transmit light emitted by the eye 11 or 12 to the optometer 21 and the wavefront sensor 22 arranged downstream of the optometer in the beam path.

[0079] A first coated mirror 31, which is transmissive for visible light and reflective for infrared light, is arranged in the beam path between the at least one relay lens 30 and the optometer 21. Alternatively, the mirror 31 can also be reflective for visible light and transmissive for infrared light. In the variant shown, the eye-tracking device 19 is arranged such that it radiates infrared light onto the first mirror 31, which is forwarded by the first mirror 31 to the eyebox 9 or the eye 11 or 12, respectively, and detects infrared light reflected by the eye. As an alternative to the eye-tracking device 19, at least one of the cameras 5 can be used to track the gaze of the eye 11 or 12, respectively.Using the results of the gaze tracking option used, the position of the separate devices 10 for each eye can be adjusted according to the current gaze direction. This is indicated by an arrow with the reference number 26.

[0080] In the beam path 33, between the first mirror 31 and the optometer

[0081] 21, a second coated mirror 32 is arranged, which is designed to be reflective for visible light and transmissive for a defined portion, e.g. a defined wavelength or frequency range, of the light, namely for light which is directed to the optometer 21 and the wavefront sensor

[0082] 22. By means of the projector 20, light is radiated onto the second mirror 32 and the light reflected by it is forwarded to the eyebox 9 or the eye 11 or 12.

[0083] Instead of the coated mirrors 31 and 32, another design which effects a corresponding beam splitting can also be used.

[0084] The projector 20 is designed as a light-field projector. It comprises, for example, an LED matrix 27, a light-field display 29, for example in the form of an LCoS display (LCoS - Liquid Crystal on Silicon), and at least one lens 28 arranged between the LED matrix 27 and the light-field display 29. The light-field projector 20 can be used to dynamically change the light to be projected and thus the generated, for example, three-dimensional, digital image 25. In this way, a correction of various image errors caused by ametropia can be dynamically simulated, thus enabling a precise subjective refraction determination. As an alternative to the projector 20 shown, a quasi-static realization of the light field is possible using an array of microlenses in front of the display or using an array of pixel-shaped diffractive elements.

[0085] The variant shown in Figure 4 differs from the variant shown in Figure 3 in the design of the projector 20, which, in addition to the design shown in Figure 3, comprises further optical elements in the form of additional lenses 35 and 36 and an additional pinhole 37 to improve the image quality by means of angle-specific filter effects. The plane in which an intermediate image is generated is designated by reference numeral 38.

[0086] The variant shown in Figure 5 differs from the variant shown in Figure 4 in that, firstly, a flat reflective HUD 10 is used instead of a curved HUD 10, and secondly, in that additional optical elements, e.g., a relay lens 39, are arranged in the beam path after the intermediate image plane 38. Because the HUD 10 no longer has any optical effect (it is no longer curved, but flat), the optical effect is created by the additional relay lens 39. In this case, the light is projected towards infinity.

[0087] The variant shown in Figure 6 differs from the variant shown in Figure 5 in that the HUD 10 has an optical fiber for transmitting light by means of total internal reflection and / or for enlarging the exit pupil. The optical fiber can be designed with or without pupil expansion (also called pupil replication).

[0088] Figure 7 schematically shows an exemplary method according to the invention for operating an optical arrangement according to the invention described with reference to Figures 1 to 6 in the form of a flow chart.

[0089] In step S1, a person 2 is positioned with respect to the eyebox 9 such that the viewing direction 7 of the person 2 is directed toward the curved surface 4 of the shielding device 3 for each eye 11 or 12 through the separate device 10, e.g. head-up display, for projecting digital image content.

[0090] In step S2, the eye-tracking device 19 is used to align and adjust, e.g., adjust and / or calibrate, the devices 10 for projecting digital image content 25 in the field of view of the person 2 with respect to the position of the eyes 11 and 12 to be measured. This is preferably done automatically.

[0091] In step S3, images of the head of person 2 are captured using five cameras. In step S4, the centration of the eyes 11 and 12 is determined using the captured images, e.g., measured and / or calculated. Advantageously, an avatar of the head of person 2 is generated using the captured images, and the centration of the eyes is determined using the generated avatar, e.g., measured and / or calculated.

[0092] In step S5, the objective refraction of the eyes 11 and 12 is determined, e.g., measured and / or calculated, using the projection and measuring device 6. In step S6, the subjective refraction of the eyes 11 and 12 is determined, e.g., measured and / or calculated, using the projection and measuring device 6. In this case, digital image content 25 simulating a visual impairment correction, preferably based on the determined objective refraction, is projected into the field of vision of the person 2, e.g., using the projection device 20, and inputs from the person 2, in particular for improving the simulated visual impairment correction, are received by the human-machine interface 40.

[0093] Steps S3 to S6 can also be carried out in a different order or at least partially simultaneously or all simultaneously.

[0094] In an optional step S7, virtual glasses, e.g., comprising a spectacle frame and / or a spectacle lens, can be provided and displayed to person 2 on the generated avatar in the form of a digital, e.g., two-dimensional or three-dimensional, image projected into person 2's field of vision, which image is visually perceptible by person 2. The digitally displayed glasses can be ordinary glasses, AR glasses, MR glasses, VR glasses, or progressive vision glasses.

[0095] List of reference symbols:

[0096] 1 Optical arrangement

[0097] 2 people

[0098] 3 Shielding device

[0099] 4 Surface

[0100] 5 Camera

[0101] 6 Projection and measuring device

[0102] 7 Viewing direction

[0103] 8 Viewing direction area

[0104] 9 Eyebox

[0105] 10 Head-Up Display

[0106] 11 Eye

[0107] 12 Eye

[0108] 13 Control device

[0109] 14 Control device

[0110] 15 Setting the HllDs

[0111] 16 virtual projection planes

[0112] 17 virtual projection plane

[0113] 18 Variation of the position of the virtual projection plane

[0114] 19 Eye tracking device

[0115] 20 projectors

[0116] 21 optometers

[0117] 22 Wavefront sensor

[0118] 23 HMI

[0119] 25 digital image content (virtual content)

[0120] 26 Setting of the HllDs

[0121] 27 LED matrix

[0122] 28 Lens or illumination lens

[0123] 29 Light field display

[0124] 30 Relay lens

[0125] 31 coated mirror

[0126] 32 coated mirror

[0127] 33 Beam path Beam path Pinhole lens Relay lens Pinhole Intermediate image Relay lens Human-machine interface (HMI) Positioning a person in relation to the eyebox using the eye-tracking device Aligning and adjusting the HUDs using the number of cameras Capturing images of the person's head Determining the centration of the eyes using the captured images using the projection and measuring device Determining the objective refraction of the eyes using the projection and measuring device Determining the subjective refraction of the eyes Virtual fitting on avatar

Claims

Patent claims 1. Optical arrangement (1) for determining the objective and subjective refraction of the eyes of a person and the centring of spectacles in front of the eyes (11, 12) of the person (2), characterized in that the optical arrangement (1) comprises the following devices: - a shielding device (3) with a curved surface (4), - a number of cameras (5) for capturing images of the head of the person (2) from different directions, - a projection and measuring device (6) comprising an eyebox (9), the eyebox (9) being arranged at a fixed position relative to the shielding device (3), and - a human-machine interface designed to communicate with the person (2), wherein the projection and measuring device (6) - for each eye (11, 12) a separate device (10) for projecting digital image content in the field of vision of the person (2), as well as for projecting and reflecting measuring beams for objective refraction determination of the person (2), - an eye-tracking device (5, 19) for automatically aligning and adjusting the devices (10) for projecting digital image content in the field of vision of the person (2) with respect to the position of the eyes (11, 12) to be measured, - a device (21, 22) for measuring the objective refraction of the eyes (11, 12) and - a projector (20) for projecting at least one image which is visually perceptible from the eyebox (9) as digital image content (25).

2. Optical arrangement (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the optical arrangement (1) is designed for the simultaneous measurement of the centration of the eyes (11, 12) and the measurement of the objective and / or subjective refraction of the eyes (11, 12).

3. Optical arrangement (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the shielding device (3) is designed as a hemisphere or screen or shield or dome or as an open free-form hollow body and / or the curved surface is shaped spherically or aspherically or in the form of a hollow sphere section or a hollow cylinder section or a hollow truncated cone section and / or comprises flat surface areas.

4. Optical arrangement (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the shielding device (3) is designed and / or arranged such that, starting from a point within the eyebox (9), it covers a defined solid angle range in an azimuthal and / or a meridional plane.

5. Optical arrangement (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the shielding device (3) covers an angular range of at least 5 degrees in the meridional plane starting from a point inside the eyebox (9) and / or covers an angular range of at least 5 degrees in the azimuthal plane.

6. Optical arrangement (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the curved surface (4) of the shielding device (3) is designed to emit light with a controllable luminance to provide a measuring environment for a photopic and / or mesopic and / or scotopic refraction measurement and / or a Contrast sensitivity measurement is designed.

7. Optical arrangement (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the curved surface (4) of the shielding device (3) has an average radius of curvature between 0.1 m and 4 m.

8. Optical arrangement (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the optical arrangement (1) is designed to project digital image contents (25) into the eyebox (9), which are perceptible in a viewing direction range (7, 8) at infinity for distance refraction measurements, wherein the shielding device (3), starting from the eyebox (9), in the defined viewing direction range (7, 8) has an area on the curved surface (4) with fewer or no monocular and / or binocular accommodation stimuli compared to the area of the curved surface (4) located outside this area.

9. Optical arrangement (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the shielding device (3) comprises means for receiving at least one of the number of cameras (5) for capturing images for generating an avatar of the head of the person (2) and / or at least one of the number of cameras (5) is fastened in and / or on the shielding device (3) and / or is integrated therein.

10. Optical arrangement (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the optical arrangement (1) comprises between 1 and 20 cameras (5) for capturing images for generating an avatar of the head of the person (2) and / or a plurality of cameras (5) for capturing images for generating an avatar of the head of the person (2) along an azimuthal or horizontal solid angle range in a horizontally extending straight line or curved line or a horizontal bar or in a horizontal plane.

11. Optical arrangement (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that at least one camera (5) for capturing images for generating an avatar of the head of the person (2) is arranged with respect to the eyebox (9) in such a way that it is designed to capture the back of the ears of the person (2).

12. Optical arrangement (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the at least one camera (5) or a plurality of cameras (5) is / are designed to determine the centration of the eyes (11, 12) of a person (2), and / or the at least one camera (5) or a plurality of cameras (5) is / are designed to capture images for generating an avatar for a virtual fitting function of digital spectacle frames and / or AR and / or MR glasses and / or VR glasses.

13. Optical arrangement (1) according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the projector (20) is designed as a light field projector.

14. Optical arrangement (1) according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the separate devices (10) for projecting digital image contents (25) in the field of view (8) of the person (2) each comprise a semi-transparent optical element, which is each designed to radiate a measuring beam of the device for measuring the objective refraction (21, 22) of the eyes (11, 12) into the respective eye (11, 12) and to guide a wavefront emitted by the respective eye (11, 12) to a wavefront sensor (22) of the device for measuring the objective refraction (21, 22) of the eyes (11, 12), and / or which is designed in each case to radiate a measuring beam of the projector (20) for measuring the subjective refraction of the eyes (11, 12) into the respective eye (11, 12), and / or which is designed in each case to project a digital image (25) as a virtual fixation target into infinity and / or to project a digital image (25) as a virtual fixation target into a distance corresponding to the measured objective refraction.

15. Optical arrangement (1) according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the projector (20) is designed to emit digital image contents (25) which imitate a correction of the measured visual impairment.

16. Optical arrangement (1) according to claim 15, characterized in that the projector (20) is designed as a light field projector, wherein the projector (20) comprises a display (27) constructed from pixels and an array (28) of refractive and / or diffractive optical elements arranged on the display (27), and / or wherein the projector (20) is designed to dynamically generate a light field by projecting a plurality of images of different views of an object to be imaged at a frequency of at least 20 Hz, and / or the projector (20) comprises a spatial light wave modulator for locally adapting the amplitude and phase of light waves, and / or the projector (20) comprises a device for retinal projection which is designed to simulate test lenses.

17. Optical arrangement (1) according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the projection and measuring device (6) comprises a head-up display (10) which comprises an optical waveguide with or without pupil replication.

18. Optical arrangement (1) according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the optical arrangement (1) is designed to measure the parameters required for the manufacture of spectacles within a period of less than 15 minutes and / or in only a single session at only one measuring station.

19. Optical arrangement (1) according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the eye-tracking device is designed for communication with the person (2) and / or for measuring the vergence.

20. A method for operating an optical arrangement (1) according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: - positioning a person (2) with respect to the eyebox (9) such that the viewing direction (7) of the person (2) in the direction of the curved surface (4) of the shielding device (3) for each eye (11, 12) passes through the separate device (10) for projecting digital image content (25) (S1), - by means of the eye-tracking device (5, 19) aligning and adjusting the devices (10) for projecting digital image content (25) in the field of vision of the person (2) with respect to the position of the eyes (11, 12) to be measured (S2), - by means of the number of cameras (5) capturing images of the head of the person (2) (S3), - determining the centring of glasses in front of the eyes (11, 12) of the person (2) by means of the captured images (S4), - determining the objective refraction of the eyes (11, 12) by means of the projection and measuring device (6), - by means of the projection and measuring device (6) determining the subjective refraction of the eyes (11, 12), wherein digital image contents (25) simulating a visual impairment correction are input into the field of vision of the person (2) and inputs from the person (2) are received by means of the human-machine interface (40).

21. Method according to claim 20, characterized in that an avatar of the head of the person (2) is generated by means of the captured images and the centering of the glasses in front of the eyes (11, 12) is determined by means of the generated avatar.

22. Method according to claim 21, characterized in that virtual glasses are provided and are displayed to the person (2) on the generated avatar in the form of a digital image content projected into the field of vision of the person (2) (S7).

23. Method according to one of claims 20 to 22, characterized in that in the context of determining the objective and / or subjective refraction of the eyes (11, 12) the near accommodation of the person (2) is determined, wherein a digital image content (25) is displayed monocularly to the person (2) and the distance of the digital image content (25) from the eye (11, 12) is reduced until the person (2) can no longer focus the image sharply.

24. Method according to one of claims 20 to 23, characterized in that an individualized focal plane for the projection of digital image content is determined for the person (2) by means of a stereo display.

25. Method according to claim 24, characterized in that, in order to determine the individualized focal plane, the angle-related ametropia of the person (2) is determined for at least one fixed distance from the eyes (11, 12) and / or the vergence of the person (2) is determined for at least one a predetermined distance from the eyes (11, 12), wherein a test object is projected as a fusion stimulus into the field of vision of the person (2), and the focal plane is determined based on the determined astigmatism and / or the determined vergence.

26. Method according to claim 24 or 25, characterized in that the ratio of accommodative convergence to accommodation is calculated and the focal plane is determined as a function of the calculated ratio.

Images