First node transmitting a message comprising an indication
By indicating the status of ADMFs as active or standby, the method optimizes resource usage and enhances security in LI systems, addressing inefficiencies in current NE-ADMF interactions.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/074637
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-30
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-07
AI Technical Summary
Current Lawful Interception (LI) systems do not provide a means for Network Elements (NE) to differentiate between active and standby Administration Functions (ADMFs) sharing the same ADMF ID, leading to inefficient resource usage and potential leakage of sensitive information.
Implementing a method where nodes transmitting messages to NEs include an indication of their status as active or standby, allowing NEs to selectively report issues based on the ADMF's status, thus optimizing resource consumption and enhancing security.
This approach improves the management and security of communication networks by reducing resource waste and minimizing information leakage while maintaining backward compatibility with existing LI standards.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024074637_07082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
FIRST NODE TRANSMITTING A MESSAGE COMPRISING AN INDICATIONTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The disclosure herein relates a first node, a second node and a third node, methods for the first node, the second node and the third node, a corresponding computer program and computer program product each for the first node, the second node and the third node.BACKGROUND
[0002] A group of specifications including 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Technical Specification (TS) 33.126 v18.1.0, 3GPP TS 33.127 v18.6.0, 3GPP TS 33.128 v18.6.0 and European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) TS 103 221-1 v1.16.1 and ETSI TS 103 221-2 v1.6.1 describe how a Network Element (NE) or a Network Function (NF) , which is provisioned by an Administration Function (ADMF) , in a 5th Generation Core (5GC) network intercepts Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session of one or more certain tasks.
[0003] 3GPP TS 33.126 discloses requirements for Lawful Interception (LI) . TS 33.127 discloses LI architecture and functions. TS 33.128 discloses protocol and procedures for LI. ETSI TS 103 221-1 and ETSI TS 103 221-2 disclose details of LI X1 interface (LI_X1) , LI X2 (LI_X2) and LI X3 interfaces (LI_X3) , respectively. The NE is an entity of a network which manages LI functionality. For packet core network nodes, such as Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) and a Session Management Function (SMF) , the packet core network nodes (e.g. the AMF and the SMF) support reception of a provisioning command from an ADMF via an LI_X1 interface and reporting of Intercept Related Information (IRI) events to a Mediation and Delivery Function 2 (MDF2) via an LI_X2 interface. The SMF triggers a User Plane Function (UPF) to report Communication Content (CC) to a Mediation and Delivery Function 3 (MDF3) via an LI_X3 interface.
[0004] ETSI TS 103 221-1 does not disclose any specific multiple ADMF deployment model but discloses that some deployments may involve multiple ADMFs (for redundancy or other purposes) and for these cases a network element (NE) shall be implemented such that the NE identifies itself as a separate NE to each ADMF. ETSI TS 103 221-1, clause 6.1 discloses that an LI_X1 message includes an ADMF Identifier (ADMF ID) as a mandatory field to identify the ADMF uniquely to the NE.
[0005] An ADMF sends a notification that informs an NE about a destination where to send IRI and CC. The ADMF also provisions tasks for the NE. Also, the ADMF maintains connection with related NEs and receives task issue messages, destination issue messages and NE issue message from the related NEs.
[0006] Geo-Redundancy is a common requirement for NEs in a network with high reliability and / or availability requirements. Some ADMF deployments include multiple ADMF entities, for geo-redundancy purposes. A pair of ADMFs may have an active ADMF, i.e., a primary ADMF (status of ADMF = active) , and another active ADMF, which is redundant, i.e., a secondary ADMF (status of another ADMF = active) . This mode being called active plus active mode. A pair of ADMFs may have an active ADMF (status of ADMF = active) and another standby ADMF, which is redundant (status of another ADMF = standby) . This mode being called active plus standby mode.
[0007] According to ETSI TS 103 221-1 LI_X1 protocol, an ADMF ID is used to identify ADMFs uniquely to a NE. For active plus standby mode, each of the ADMFs can use the same ADMF ID so the ADMFs may act as a single ADMF from the NE perspective. In this case, if the active ADMF fails, the standby ADMF takes over as the primary ADMF automatically. This same ADMF ID is provided to the NE so that the NE is not impacted due to a change in an Internet Protocol (IP) address of the standby ADMF and / or a port change in the ADMF. In this case, both the ADMFs maintain LI_X1 connections with the NE.
[0008] ETSI Technical Committee for LI (TC LI) in Quarter 4 (Q4) 2023 has discussed different items to extend the current ETSI LI standard specifications to include LI_X1 deployment models involving multiple ADMFs. Moreover, ETSI TC LI agreed to start a study for a standard solution on LI_X1 interface to address all relevant use cases involving multiple ADMF scenarios.SUMMARY
[0009] Current information elements (IE) in Lawful Interception (LI) X1 messages do not provide a means for the NE to be aware of which ADMF is active. Additionally, the NE is configured to alarms using a reportTaskIssue message, a reportDestinationIssue message and / or a reportNEIssue message to each ADMF regardless of a status of the ADMF, i.e., active or standby. Considering that task provisioning and destination management is not the responsibility of a standby ADMF, but rather a responsibility of an active ADMF, reporting all issues to all ADMF causes a waste of network resources and / or increases possibility of leakage of sensitive information.
[0010] An object of the invention herein is to improve management of a communication network in LI, wherein the network comprises a network element (NE) and one or more nodes implementing an Administration Function (ADMF) . The claims define the scope of the invention.
[0011] According to a first aspect, a method performed by a first node is provided. The first node implements an ADMF. The method comprises transmitting, to a second node implementing a NE, a first message comprising an indication indicating a status of the first node. The status of the first node is either active or standby.
[0012] According to a second aspect, a method performed by a second node is provided. The second node implements a NE. The method comprises receiving, from a first node implementing an ADMF, a first message comprising an indication indicating a status of the first node. The status is either active or standby.
[0013] According to a third aspect, a method performed by a third node is provided. The third node implements a redundant ADMF. The third node acts as a backup of the first node implementing an ADMF. The third node shares a same ADMF ID with the first node. The first node has a different IP address as compared to an IP address of the third node. The method comprises transmitting, to a second node implementing a NE, a fourth message comprising an indication indicating a status of the third node. The status of the third node is either active or standby.
[0014] According to a fourth aspect, a first node is provided. The first node implements an ADMF. The first node is adapted to transmit, to a second node implementing a NE, a first message. The first message comprising an indication indicating a status of the first node. The status of the first node is either active or standby.
[0015] According to a fifth aspect, a second node is provided. The second node implements an NE. The second node is adapted to receive, from a first node implementing an ADMF, a first message. The first message comprises an indication indicating a status of the first node. The status of the first node is either active or standby.
[0016] According to a sixth aspect, a third node is provided. The third node implements a redundant ADMF. The third node acts as backup of a first node implementing an ADMF. The third node shares a same ADMF ID with the first node. The first node has a different IP address as compared to an IP address of the third node. The third node is adapted to transmit, to a second node implementing a NE, a fourth message. The fourth message comprises an indication indicating a status of the third node. The status of the third node is either active or standby.
[0017] According to a seventh aspect, a first node is provided. The first node comprises at least one processing circuitry. The first node comprises at least one memory. The at least one memory is connected to the at least one processing circuitry. The at least one memory storing program code that is executed by the at least one processing circuitry to perform the method according to the first aspect.
[0018] According to an eighth aspect, a second node is provided. The second node comprises at least one processing circuitry. The second node comprises at least one memory. The at least one memory is connected to the at least one processing circuitry. The at least one memory storing program code that is executed by the at least one processing circuitry to perform the method according to the second aspect.
[0019] According to a ninth aspect, a third node is provided. The third node comprises at least one processing circuitry. The third node comprises at least one memory. The at least one memory is connected to the at least one processing circuitry. The at least one memory storing program code that is executed by the at least one processing circuitry to perform the method according to the third aspect.
[0020] According to a tenth aspect, a computer program is provided. The computer program comprises instructions which, when executed by at least one processing circuitry of a first node causes the first node to carry out the method according to the first aspect and / or, when executed by at least one processing circuitry of a second node, causes the second node to carry out the method according to the second aspect and / or, when executed by at least one processing circuitry of a third node, causes the third node to carry out the method according to the third aspect.
[0021] According to an eleventh aspect, a computer program product stored on a non-transitory computer readable medium is provided. The computer program product comprises instructions that, when executed by at least one processing circuitry of a first node, causes the first node to perform the method according to the first aspect. Alternatively, or in addition, the computer program product comprises instructions that, when executed by at least one processing circuitry of a second node, causes the second node to perform the method according to the second aspect. Alternatively, or in addition, the computer program product comprises instructions that, when executed by at least one processing circuitry of a third node, causes the third node to perform the method according to the third aspect.
[0022] According to a twelfth aspect, a method performed by a communication network is provided. The communication network comprises a first node implementing an ADMF, a second node implementing a NE and a third node implementing a redundant ADMF. The third node acts as a backup of the first node. The third node shares a same ADMF ID with the first node. The first node has a different IP address as compared to an IP address of the third node. The method comprises transmitting, from the first node to the second node, a first message comprising an indication indicating a status of the first node, wherein the status is either active or standby. The method comprises transmitting, from the third node to the second node, a fourth message comprising an indication indicating a status of the third node, wherein the status is either active or standby.
[0023] According to a thirteenth aspect, a communication network is provided. The communication network comprises a first node implementing an ADMF, a second node implementing a NE and a third node implementing a redundant ADMF. The third node acts as a backup of the first node. The third node shares a same ADMF ID with the first node. The first node has a different IP address as compared to an IP address of the third node. The communication network is adapted to transmit, from the first node to the second node, a first message comprising an indication indicating a status of the first node, wherein the status is either active or standby. The communication network is adapted to transmit, from the third node to the second node, a fourth message comprising an indication indicating a status of the third node, wherein the status is either active or standby.
[0024] Thus, in accordance with some aspects, management of a communication network which implements LI can be improved. Hereby, it is possible to improve security and / or efficiency of a communication network which implements LI with backward compatibility. Hereby, it is possible to optimize resource consumption in a communication network implementing LI.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0025] The above, as well as additional objects, features and advantages of the invention, will be better understood through the following illustrative and non-limiting detailed description of embodiments of the invention, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
[0026] Fig. 1 illustrates a communication network according to some embodiments.
[0027] Figs. 2, 3 and 4 illustrate methods according to some embodiments.
[0028] Fig. 5 illustrates a flowchart according to some embodiments.
[0029] Figs. 6 and 7 illustrate signalling diagrams according to some embodiments.
[0030] Fig. 8 shows a network node according to some embodiments.
[0031] Fig. 9 is a block diagram illustrating a virtualization environment 700 in which functions implemented according to some embodiments may be virtualized.
[0032] Fig. 10 shows a computer program product according to some embodiments.
[0033] All the figures are schematic, not necessarily to scale, and generally only show parts which are necessary in order to elucidate the invention, wherein other parts may be omitted or merely suggested.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0034] The invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which certain embodiments of the invention are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided by way of example so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
[0035] Generally, all terms used herein are to be interpreted according to their ordinary meaning in the relevant technical field, unless a different meaning is clearly given and / or is implied from the context in which it is used. All references to a / an / the element, apparatus, component, means, step, etc. are to be interpreted openly as referring to at least one instance of the element, apparatus, component, means, step, etc., unless explicitly stated otherwise. The steps of any methods disclosed herein do not have to be performed in the exact order disclosed, unless a step is explicitly described as following or preceding another step and / or where it is implicit that a step must follow or precede another step. Any feature of any of the embodiments disclosed herein may be applied to any other embodiment, wherever appropriate. Likewise, any advantage of any of the embodiments may apply to any other embodiments, and vice versa. Other objectives, features and advantages of the enclosed embodiments will be apparent from the following description.
[0036] The disclosure herein provides a solution for a Network Element (NE) or a Point Of Interception (POI) Network Function (NF) to interact with one or more nodes implementing an Administration Function (ADMF) associated with a Lawful Intercept (LI) X1 protocol connection established between an NE and one or more ADMFs sharing same ADMF ID. In particular, the solution herein provides a means to obtain a status of the nodes implementing the ADMF. The disclosure herein also provides the possibility of maintaining backward compatibility with the existing LI X1 standard, i.e., ETSI 103 221-1. Furthermore, the present disclosure minimizes implementation impacts in the existing LI X1 standard (e.g. no new dedicated LI_X1 messages is introduced) . The NEs herein can be any NE in a core network, such as a Session Management Function (SMF) node, an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) node and a unified data management (UDM) node.
[0037] The disclosure herein provides a means to improve management of a communication network, wherein the communication network comprises LI functionality, in particular, in deployment models of multiple ADMFs for Geo-redundancy. The disclosure provides the means to improve management of the communication network without compromising on backward compatibility with previous releases of the LI_XI standard, i.e., ETSI TS 103 221-1. The disclosure herein may improve an efficiency of the communication network by reducing usage of network resources. The disclosure herein may enable improvement of privacy in the communication network. The disclosure herein may advantageously improve security of the communication network by reducing leakage of information to unintended recipients.
[0038] Aspects of the invention herein are related to a method performed by a first node implementing an ADMF. The method comprises transmitting, to a second node implementing a NE, a first message comprising an indication indicating a status of the first node, wherein the status is either active or standby. Aspects of the invention herein are related to a method performed by second node implementing a NE. The method comprises receiving, from a first node implementing an ADMF, a first message comprising an indication indicating a status of the first node, wherein the status is either active or standby. Aspects of the invention herein are related to a method performed by a a third node implementing a redundant ADMF. The third node acts as a backup of a first node implementing the ADMF. The third node shares a same ADMF ID with the first node. The first node has a different IP address as compared to the third node. The method performed by the third node comprises transmitting, to a second node implementing a NE, a fourth message comprising an indication indicating a status of the third node, wherein the status is either active or standby.
[0039] Fig. 1 illustrates a communication network 100 according to an embodiment of the invention. The communication network 100 comprises a first node 110, wherein the first node implements an ADMF. The communication network 100 comprises a second node 120, wherein the second node implements an NE. The communication network 100 comprises a third node 130, wherein the third node implements another ADMF. The first node 110 and the third node 130 communicate with the second network node 120 via LI_X1 interface (X1 interface in Fig. 1) . Optionally, the communication network 100 comprises a fourth node 140, wherein the fourth node implements a Law Enforcement Agency (LEA) and communicates with the first node 110 and the third node 120 via an LI H1 interface (i.e., LI_HI1 interface) . In some examples, the fourth node 140 is placed outside the communication network 100 and / or the fourth node 140 is controlled by an LEA. Even in the case wherein the fourth node 140 is placed outside the communication network 100, the fourth node 140 communicates with the first node 110 and the third node 120 via an LI H1 interface (i.e., LI_HI1 interface) . In some examples, examples of the first node 110 and / or the third node 130 have been provided in relation to the description corresponding to Fig. 8. Examples of the second node 120 has been provided in relation to the description corresponding to Fig. 8. Examples of the fourth node 140 have been provided in relation to the description corresponding to Fig. 8.
[0040] The first node 110 and / or the third node 130 comprises a functionality similar to, or the same as that of an ADMF as defined in European Telecommunications Standard Institute (ETSI) Technical Specification (TS) 103 221-1. The second node 120 comprises a functionality similar to, or the same as that of an NE as defined in ETSI TS 103 221-1. The fourth node 140 comprises a functionality similar to, or the same as that of an LEA as defined in ETSI specifications related to the HI interface, i.e., LI_HI interfaces (e.g. ETSI TS 103 120 v1.15.1 for HI1, ETSI TS 102 232 parts for HI2 and HI3) . The second node 120 may be integrated to or comprised by one or more of: a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and management function (AMF) , a Serving Gateway control plane (SGW-C) , a packet data network gateway control plane (PGW-C) , an evolved Packet Data Gateway (ePDG) , a session management function (SMF) , a home subscriber service (HSS) , a unified data management (UDM) , a Short Message Service Function (SMSF) and an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) .
[0041] Some examples of scenarios where the present disclosure may be applied to a second node 120 are listed but not limited to, wherein the second node 120 implements one or more of: i) an Intercept Related Information -Point Of Interception (IRI-POI) present in a node implementing an AMF as described in 3GPP TS 33.127 clause 6.2.2; ii) an IRI-POI and a Content of Communication -Point Of Interception (CC-POI) present in a node implementing an SMF as described in 3GPP TS 33.127 clause 6.2.3; iii) an IRI-POI present in a node implementing an SMSF as described in 3GPP TS 33.127 clause 6.2.5; iv) an IRI-POI present in a node implementing an MME as described in 3GPP TS 33.127 clause 6.3.2; v) an IRI-POI and / or a CC-POI present in a node implementing a SGW or a PGW as described in 3GPP TS 33.127 clause 6.3.3; vi) an IRI-POI and / or a CC-POI present in a node implementing an ePDG as described in 3GPP TS 33.127 clause 6.3.4; vii) an IRI-POI present in a node implementing a UDM as described in 3GPP TS 33.127 clause 7.2.2; viii) an IRI-POI present in a node implementing an HSS as described in 3GPP TS 33.127 clause 7.2.3.
[0042] The X1 interfaces (i.e. LI_X1 interface) between the first node 110 (and / or the third node 130) and the second node 120 (which implements a POI and / or a Triggering Function (TF) ) may be used to communicate LI target information to intercept target communications. The second node 120 implementing the POI may be comprised in one or more of: an AMF, an SMF, a UDM, an HSS, an MME, an SGW, a PGW, an SMSF and an ePDG. The X1 interface is also used to communicate with a second node 120 which implements a triggered POI present in a UPF.
[0043] In some examples, the first node 110 may be adapted to / configured to / operable to interact with a communication network entity (e.g. the second node 120, the third node 130, the fourth node 140) . In some examples, the second node 110 may be adapted to / configured to / operable to interact with a communication network entity (e.g. the first node 110, the third node 130) . In some examples, the third node 130 may be adapted to / configured to / operable to interact with a communication network entity (e.g. the second node 120, the fourth node 140) . In some examples, the fourth node 140 may be adapted to / configured to / operable to interact with a communication network entity (e.g. the first node 110, the third node 130) .
[0044] The first node 110 may communicate with the second node 120 over an LI_X1 interface. The LI_X1 interface will henceforth be referred to as the X1 interface. The third node 110 may communicate with the second node 120 over an X1 interface. The first node 110 and / or the third node may each communicate with the fourth node 140 over an LI interface port for administrative information, i.e., the LI_HI-1 interface.
[0045] After the first node 110 creates an X1 connection (i.e. LI_X1 connection) with the second node 120, the first node 110 sends a keepalive request message to the second node 120. A ping request message may also be sent at any time from the first node 110 or the second node 120, to get a response over the X1 interface. In general, direction of a keepalive request message on the X1 interface is from the first node 110 to the second node 120. Further, direction of a keepalive response message on the X1 interface is from the second node 120 to the first node 110. The keepalive response is sent to the first node 110 if a keepalive request message was received by the second node 120. The keepalive response message may be an acknowledgement (ACK) of the request or an error response. Furthermore, direction of a ping request message on the X1 interface is bidirectional, i.e., from the first node 110 to the second node 120 or from the second node 120 to the first node 110. The ping request message may be sent at any time from the first node 110 or the second node 120, to get a response over the X1 interface. Similarly, direction of a ping response message on the X1 interface is bidirectional, i.e., from the first node 110 to the second node 120 or from the second node 120 to the first node 110. The ping response message may be sent at any time from the first node 110 or the second node 120, to provide a response over the X1 interface. The interaction between the third node 130 and the second node 120 is similar to the way that the second node 120 interacts with the first node 110.
[0046] The first node 110 is configured to transmit, to the second node 120, a first message comprising an indication indicating a status of the first node 110, wherein the status is either active or standby. The second node is configured to receive, from the first node 110, the first message comprising an indication indicating a status of the first node 110, wherein the status is either active or standby. The third node implements a redundant ADMF and shares a same ADMF ID with the first node 110 but a different internet protocol (IP) address as compared to the first node 110. The third node is configured to transmit, to the second node 120, a fourth message comprising an indication indicating a status of the third node 130, wherein the status is either active or standby.
[0047] The status which is being sent to the second node 120 (from the first node 110 and / or the second node 130) may be comprised in a ping response message. The status which is being sent to the second node 120 (from the first node 110 and / or the second node 130) may be comprised in a ping request message.
[0048] In an example, a new information element (IE) for providing the indication of the status of the first node 110 and / or the second node 130 may be provided in existing X1 interface messages. The new IE may be referred to as status information, wherein the status information provides the information of whether the first node 110 and / or the third node 130 is in active mode or standby mode. The new IE, status information, could be comprised in the keepalive request message which is sent from the first node 110 and / or the third node 130 to the second node 120. The indication of the status may be ‘1’ for active mode and ‘0’ for standby mode, or vice-versa.
[0049] In an example, the status (i.e., active mode or standby mode) of the first node 110 and / or the third node 130 may be comprised in a ping request message from first node 110 and / or the third node 130 to the second node 120. In an example, the status (i.e., active mode or standby mode) of the first node 110 and / or the third node 130 may be comprised in a ping response message from first node 110 and / or the third node 130 to the second node 120, in response to the first node 110 and / or the second node 130 receiving a ping request message from the second node 120.
[0050] The second node 120, after receiving the indication of the status of the first node 110 and / or the third node 130, may report specific issues to the first node 110 and / or the third node 130 based upon the indicated status, e.g., if the first node 110 indicates an active mode, then the second node 120 may report all issues (such as reportTaskIssue, reportDestinationIssue and reportNEIssue) to the first node 110, and e.g., if the first node 110 indicates a standby mode, then the second node 120 may not report all issues but rather a selective set of the issues (such as reportNEIssue) to the first node 110. If the indication of the status is not received by the second node 120 from the first node 110, the second node 120 is configured to assume that the first node is in active mode, to ensure backward compatibility with the standard.
[0051] An advantage of receiving the indication of the status of the first node 110 and / or the third node 130 is that the second node 120 may be able to perform actions depending upon the status of the first node 110 and / or the third node 130. For example, if the second node 120 receives an activateTask request message from the first node 110 and the second node 120 has already received a message that indication that the first node 110 is on standby mode, then second node 120 may ignore the activateTask request.
[0052] Another advantage of the present disclosure is that the methods and the apparatus herein may be used for private lawful intercept interface protocol (i.e., LI outside the 3GPP and ETSI realm) . For example, if the first node 110 and the second node 120 have a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) connection between them and also have one or more path management related messages, the methods and the apparatus herein may be used for private lawful intercept interface protocol to achieve similar purposes.
[0053] Yet another advantage of the present disclosure is that by receiving the indication of status of the first node 110 and / or the third node 130, the second node 120 can be informed of whether an ADMF redundancy exists or not (i.e., if the first node 110 indicates that it is in standby mode, then the second node 120 may infer that there is another node, e.g. the third node 130, which is acting as a redundant node for the first node 110 and can thus rely on the third node 130 in case the first node 110 fails) .
[0054] Fig. 2 illustrates a method 200 according to an embodiment of the invention. The method 200 is performed by a first node 110 in a communication network (such as the communication network 100) as described in relation to the description corresponding to Fig. 1. The first node 110 implements an ADMF.
[0055] The method 200 comprises transmitting 205, to the second node 120 implementing a NE, a first message comprising an indication indicating a status of the first node. The status is either active or standby and the status may be indicated by ‘1’ for active and ‘0’ for standby, or vice-versa. In some examples, the first node shares a same ADMF Identity (ID) with one or more third nodes 130 implementing one or more ADMFs respectively. Each of the first node and the one or more third nodes 130 have different IP addresses. In some examples, the first message is sent on an X1 interface. In some examples, the transmitted first message further comprises an indication indicating whether a third node 130 implementing a redundant ADMF as a backup of the first node is provided to the second node 120, and wherein the third node 130 implementing the redundant ADMF shares a same ADMF ID with the first node, and the first node 110 having a different IP address as compared to the third node 130. In some examples, the first message comprises at least one of: a keepalive request message, a ping response message and a ping request message. In some examples, the indication indicating the status of the first node is represented as an IE in the first message.
[0056] The method 200 optionally comprises receiving 210, from the second node 120, a first request for providing the status of the first node 110. In some examples, the first request is a ping request message.
[0057] The method 200 optionally comprises receiving 215, from the second node 120, a reportTaskIssue message and / or a reportDestinationIssue message based on the indication indicating that the status of the first node is active.
[0058] The method 200 optionally comprises transmitting 220, to the second node 120, a second message comprising an indication indicating an updated status of the first node 110, wherein the status is either active or standby. The method 200 optionally comprises receiving 225, from the second node 120, a second request for providing the updated status of the first node 110. In some examples, the second request is a ping request message. In some examples, the second message comprises at least one of: a keepalive request message; a ping response message; and a ping request message
[0059] In some examples, the second node 120 is comprised by at least one of: an MME, an AMF, a PGW-C, an SMF, a UDM, an SMSF and an IMS.
[0060] Fig. 3 illustrates a method 300 according to an embodiment of the invention. The method 300 is performed by a second node 120 in a communication network (such as the communication network 100) as described in relation to the description corresponding to Figs. 1 and 2.
[0061] The method 300 comprises receiving 305, from a first node 110 implementing an ADMF, a first message comprising an indication indicating a status of the first node. The status is either active or standby. In some examples, the first node 110 shares a same ADMF ID with one or more third nodes 130 implementing one or more ADMFs respectively. Each of the first node 110 and the one or more third nodes 130 have different IP addresses. In some examples, the first message is sent on an X1 interface. In some examples, the first message comprises at least one of: a keepalive request message; a ping response message; and a ping request message. In some examples, the received first message further comprises an indication indicating whether a third node 130 implementing a redundant ADMF as a backup of the first node is provided to the second node 120, and wherein the third node 130 implementing the redundant ADMF shares a same ADMF ID with the first node 110, and the first node 110 has a different IP address as compared to the third node 130.
[0062] The method 300 optionally comprises transmitting 310, to the first node 110, a first request for providing the status of the first node. In some examples, the first request is a ping request message.
[0063] The method 300 optionally comprises transmitting 315, to the first node 110, a reportTaskIssue message and / or a reportDestinationIssue message based on the indication indicating that the status of the first node is active.
[0064] The method 300 optionally comprises receiving 320, from the first node 110, a second message comprising an indication indicating an updated status of the first node 110, wherein the status is either active or standby. In some examples, the second message comprises at least one of: a keepalive request message; a ping response message; and a ping request message.
[0065] The method 300 optionally comprises transmitting 325, to the first node 110, a second request for providing the updated status of the first node 110. In some examples, the second request is a ping request message.
[0066] In some examples, the second node 120 is comprised by at least one of: an MME, an AMF, a PGW-C, an SMF, a UDM, an SMSF and an IMS.
[0067] In some examples, the indication indicating the status of the first node is represented as an IE in the first message and / or the second message.
[0068] The method 300 optionally comprises transmitting 330, to the third node 130, a third request for providing the status of the third node 130. In some examples, the third request is a ping request message. In some examples, the method 300 comprises receiving 335, from the third node 130, a reportTaskIssue message and / or a reportDestinationIssue message, based on the indication indicating that the status of the third node 130 is active. The method 300 optionally comprises receiving 340, from the third node 130, a fifth message comprising an indication indicating an updated status of the third node 130, wherein the status is either active or standby.
[0069] The method 300 optionally comprises transmitting 345, to the third node 130, a fourth request for providing the updated status of the third node 130. In some examples, the fourth request is a ping request message. In some examples, the fifth message comprises at least one of: a keepalive request message; a ping response message; and a ping request message. In some examples, the indication indicating the status of the third node 130 is represented as an IE in the fourth message.
[0070] Fig. 4 illustrates a method 400 according to an embodiment of the invention. The method 400 is performed by a third node 130 in a communication network (such as the communication network 100) as described in relation to the description corresponding to Figs. 1, 2 and 3. The third node 130 implements an ADMF, wherein the third node 130 acts as a backup of a first node 110 implementing an ADMF. In other words, the third node 130 implements an ADMF, wherein the third node 130 implements a redundant ADMF. The third node shares a same ADMF ID with the first node 110. The first node 110 has a different IP address as compared to the third node 130.
[0071] The method 400 comprises transmitting 405, to a second node 120 implementing a NE, a fourth message comprising an indication indicating a status of the third node 130. The status is either active or standby. In some examples, the fourth message is sent on an X1 interface. In some examples, the fourth message comprises at least one of: a keepalive request message; a ping response message; and a ping request message. In some examples, the indication indicating the status of the third node is represented as an information element, IE, in the fourth message.
[0072] The method 400 optionally comprises receiving 410, from the second node 120, a third request for providing the status of the third node 130. In some examples, the third request is a ping request message.
[0073] The method 400 optionally comprises receiving 415, from the second node 120, a reportTaskIssue message and / or a reportDestinationIssue message, based on the indication indicating that the status of the third node 130 is active.
[0074] The method 400 optionally comprises transmitting 420, to the second node 120, a fifth message comprising an indication indicating an updated status of the third node 130, wherein the status is either active or standby. In some examples, the indication indicating the updated status of the third node is represented as an IE in the fifth message.
[0075] The method 400 optionally comprises receiving 425, from the second node 120, a fourth request for providing the updated status of the third node 130. In some examples, the fourth request is a ping request message.
[0076] In some examples, the second node 120 is comprised by at least one of: an MME, an AMF, a PGW-C, an SMF, a UDM, an SMSF and an IMS.
[0077] Fig. 5 illustrates a flowchart in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. The flowchart shows a method performed by the first node 110, the second network node 120, and / or the third node 130 interactively as described in relation to Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4. The flowchart depicts the method 500 performed by the first node 110, however, the same method may be applied by the third node 130.
[0078] The method 500 comprises initializing 505 the first node 110.
[0079] The method 500 comprises creating or establishing 510 a TCP connection with the second node 120.
[0080] The method 500 comprises transmitting 515 an indication of a status of the first node 110 to the second node 120 (i.e., similar to transmitting 205 / 305) . The status indicates whether the first node 110 is either active or standby.
[0081] The method 500 moving to step 525a or 525b depending upon whether the first node 110 is in active or standby mode (the indication of which is also sent to the second node 120 using the indicated status) . If the status of the first node 110 is active, then the method comprises provisioning 110 tasks to the second node 120. If the status of the first node 110 is active, the method further comprises receiving 530 a reportNEIssue message, a reportTaskIssue message and / or a reportDestinationIssue (i.e., similar to method 215, 315 and 415) if an issue / a failure occurs. If the status of the first node 110 is standby, then the method 500 comprises receiving 525b a reportNEIssue message from the second node 120 (i.e., not receiving the reportTaskIssue message and the reportDestinationIssue message) .
[0082] Fig. 6 illustrates a signaling diagram 600 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. The signaling diagram shows an interaction between a first node 110 implementing an ADMF, a second node 120 implementing an NE (e.g. PGW-C, SMF, UDM) and two third nodes 130 implementing an ADMF each (i.e., two third nodes 130 which are present for providing redundancy for the first node 110) as described in relation to the description corresponding to Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. The interaction also comprises a PGW User Plane (PGW-U) function node, an AMF, an MDF2, an MDF3 and a UE.
[0083] The precondition for this scenario is that the first node 110 implements an ADMF, AMDF-A. Another precondition for this scenario is that the two third nodes 130 implement an ADMF, ADMF-B, and an ADMF, ADMF-C, respectively. A status of the first node 110 is active and a status for both of the two third nodes 130 is standby. Also, the first node 110 and the two third nodes 130 share an ADMF ID but each of the first node 110 and the two third nodes 130 have a different IP address and / or different port.
[0084] In case of a deployment with redundancy (e.g. geo-redundancy deployment) , each of the first node 110 and the two third nodes 130 separately create a TCP connection with the second node 120 using TLS authentication. This creation of a TCP connection occurs at a start-up of the first node 110 and the two third nodes 130.
[0085] Each of the first node 110 and the two third nodes 130 transmit, the second node 120, a keepalive request message comprising an indication of a status of the ADMF. The status value may be either active or standby. Another way for transmitting an indication of the status to the second node 120 involves transmitting a ping request message to each of the first node 110 and the two third nodes 130, which in turn reply with a ping response message comprising the indication of the status.
[0086] As the first node 110 implements the ADMF which is in active mode, the first node 110 transmits, to the second node 120, a CreateDestinationRequest message and / or a ActivateTaskRequest message. If the second node 120 receives a provisioning request (e.g. a CreateDestinationRequest, a ActivateTaskRequest) from one or both of the two third nodes 130, the second node 120 determines that the provisioning request is unexpected and thus, does not act upon it (i.e., ignores the provisioning request from the two third nodes 130 which are on standby mode) .
[0087] Upon receiving the provisioning request from the first node 110, the second node 120 reports session related IRI events to Mediation and Delivery Function 2 (MDF2) via an LI X2 interface (i.e., an LI_X2 interface) based on destination received from the first node 110. Also, the second node 120 may further send related IRI events in two scenarios: i) when the PDU session has already been established between the MDF2 and the second node 120 and the second node 120 then receives the ActivateTaskRequest message from the first node 110; and ii) when the second node 120 receives the ActivateTaskRequest message from the first node 110 and then the PDU session between the second node 120 and the MDF2 is established. To be noted is that the first node 110 first sends the createDestinationRequest message and then sends the ActivateTaskRequest message to the second node 120.
[0088] If a task issue (e.g. if the second node 120 is comprised by an SMF and the second node 120 receives an activateTask request from the first node 110, the second node 120 sends the activateTask request to a UPF but the second node 120 (comprised in the SMF) does not receive a response from the UPF for the request due to a network or a connection issue; if a second node 120 comprised in an SMF receives a failed response due to an issue at a UPF) and / or a destination issue (e.g. if a second node 120 is comprised by an SMF does not have a connection with an MDF2; an X2 / X3 connection failure is discovered by a keepalive request failure; the second node 120 is unable to connect to MDF2 / MDF3) occurs, the second node 120 transmits a reportTaskIssue and / or a reportDestinationIssue request to the first node 110 (which implements an active ADMF) .
[0089] If an issue occurs at the second node 120 itself, the NE transmits a reportNEIssue Request to each of the first node 110 and the two third nodes 130.
[0090] For the signaling diagram 600, the second node 120 is comprised by an SMF. The signaling diagram 600 comprises starting the first node 110 which implements an ADMF-A as an active node and creating 602, by the first node 110, a TCP connection with the second node 120.
[0091] The first node 110 and the second node 120 negotiate 604 a Transport Layer Security (TLS) connection between them.
[0092] The first node 110 transmits 606, to the second node 120, a keepalive request message. The keepalive request message comprises an IE (e.g. status info) which indicates that the first node 110 is active. An example of a syntax for keepalive request message comprising the indication of the status is provided below (wherein, if the first node 110 is active, <xs: enumeration value= "Active " / > is sent to the second node 120; and if the first node 110 is on standby, <xs: enumeration value= "Standby " / > is sent to the second node 120) .
[0093] Alternatively, the second node 120 receives 606, from the first node 110, a ping request message.
[0094] The first node 110 receives 608, from the second node 120, a keepalive response message when the keepalive request message is sent.
[0095] Alternatively, the first node 110 transmits 608, to the second node 120, a ping response message comprising the indication of the status of the first node 110 (i.e., active) . An example of a syntax for the ping response message is given below:
[0096] The signaling diagram 600 comprises starting the first node 110 which implements an ADMF-B as a standby node and creating 610, by the first node 110, a TCP connection with the second node 120.
[0097] The third node negotiates 612 with the second node 120, for establishing a TLS connection between the third node 130 implementing ADMF-B and the second node.
[0098] The third node 130 implementing the ADMF-B transmits 614, to the second node 120, a keepalive request message. The keepalive request message comprises an IE (e.g. status info) which indicates that the third node 130 is on standby. An example of a syntax for keepalive request message comprising the indication of the status is provided below (wherein, if the third node 130 is active, <xs: enumeration value= "Active " / > is sent to the second node 120; and if the first node 110 is on standby, <xs: enumeration value= "Standby " / > is sent to the second node 120) . Alternatively, the signaling diagram 600 comprises receiving 614, at the third node 110 implementing ADMF-B from the second node 120, a ping request message.
[0099] The third node 130 implementing ADMF-B receives 616, from the second node 120, a ping response message when the ping request message is sent.
[0100] Alternatively, the third node 130 implementing ADMF-B transmits 616, to the second node 120, a ping response message comprising the indication of the status of the third node 130 (i.e., standby) .
[0101] The signaling diagram comprises performing corresponding steps 618, 620, 622 and 624 for the third node 130 implementing the ADMF-C by repeating the steps as performed in 610, 612, 614 and 616 for the third node 130 implementing the ADMF-C.
[0102] The first node 110 transmits 626, to the second node 120, a createDestinationRequest message and in response receives, from the second node 120, a createDestinationResponse message. The first node 110 further transmits 628, to the second node 120, an activateTaskRequest message (to be noted here that the second node 120 is configured to handle provisional requests only from a node which implements an active ADMF) and in response receives, from the second node 120, an activateTaskResponse message.
[0103] In an example, wherein the second node 120 is comprised by an SMF, the second node 120 and the first node 110 establish 630 a PDU session between the second node 120 and the first node 110. If the second 120 is comprised by another node, another procedure equivalent to PDU session establishment may be applied (i.e., any IRI event) .
[0104] In an example, wherein the second node is comprised by the SMF, the second node transmits (or reports) 632, to the MDF2, a message comprising an indication of successful establishment of a PDU session between the second node 120 and the first node 110.
[0105] The second node 120 transmits 634, to the UPF, an indication to trigger interception on an LI T3 interface (i.e., the LI_T3 interface) and receives, from the UPF, the indication of confirmation of interception on the LI T3 interface. The UPF intercepts 636 a CC (e.g. a payload from a UE) . The UPF transmits 638, to the MDF3, the intercepted CC on an LI X3 interface (i.e., the LI_X3 interface) .
[0106] If a task issue or a destination issue occurs, the second node 120 triggers a creation of a TCP connection between the first node 110 and the second node 120. The first node 110 creates 640 a TCP connection between the first node 110 and the second node 120 for sending a reportTaskIssue request and / or a reportDestinationIssue request. The first node 110 and the second node 120 negotiate 642 a TLS connection between the first node 110 and the second node 120. The second node 120 transmits 644, to the first node 110, the reportTaskIssue request and / or the reportDestinationIssue request.
[0107] If an issue occurs at the second node 120 (e.g. an NE issue such as a hardware issue on the NE such as storage nearly full or power issue; a security issue on the NE; an issue with a logging data and / or an audit data; a report about manual changes to the NE configuration) , the second node 120 transmits 646 a reportNEIssue message to the first node 110.
[0108] The second node 120 triggers a creation of a TCP connection between the third node 130 implementing the ADMF-B and the second node 120. The third node 130 creates 648 a TCP connection between the third node 130 and the second node 120 for sending a reportNEIssue request. The third node 130 implementing the ADMF-B and the second node 120 negotiate 650 a TLS connection between the third node 130 and the second node 120. The second node 120 transmits 652, to the third node 130 implementing the ADMF-B, the reportNEIssue message.
[0109] The second node 120 triggers a creation of a TCP connection between the third node 130 implementing the ADMF-C and the second node 120. The third node 130 creates 654 a TCP connection between the third node 130 and the second node 120 for sending a reportNEIssue request. The third node 130 implementing the ADMF-C and the second node 120 negotiate 656 a TLS connection between the third node 130 and the second node 120. The second node 120 transmits 658, to the third node 130 implementing the ADMF-C, the reportNEIssue message.
[0110] Fig. 7 illustrates a signaling diagram in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. The signaling diagram shows an interaction between a first node 110 implementing an ADMF, a second node 120 implementing an NE (e.g. PGW-C, SMF, UDM) and two third nodes 130 implementing an ADMF each (i.e., two third nodes 130 which are present for providing redundancy for the first node 110) as described in relation to the description corresponding to Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.
[0111] The precondition for this scenario is that the first node 110 implements an ADMF, AMDF-A. Another precondition for this scenario is that the two third nodes 130 implement an ADMF, ADMF-B, and an ADMF, ADMF-C, respectively. A status of the first node 110 is active and a status for both of the two third nodes 130 is standby. Also, the first node 110 and the two third nodes 130 share an ADMF ID but each of the first node 110 and the two third nodes 130 have a different IP address and / or different port.
[0112] If the first node 110 implementing an active ADMF, ADMF-A, experiences an issue or a failure, then one of the two third nodes 130 implementing an ADMF-B takes over as an active ADMF for the second node 120. This leads to the first node 110, implementing the ADMF-A, to go on standby and update its status to standby.
[0113] The second node 120 receives a keepalive request from the first node 110 and determines that the first node 110 has indicated a status of standby. The second node 120 stores an updated status of the first node 110 (i.e., standby) . The third node 130 implementing ADMF-B transmits an indication with a status of active. The second node 120 stores an updated status for the third node implementing ADMF-B. The third node 130 implementing ADMF-C remains in standby mode. Another way of receiving the indication of the status from each of the first node 110 and the two third nodes 130 is by transmitting a ping request or a ping response from the second node 120 to each of the first node 110 and the two third nodes 130. The second node 120 stores an updated status for each of the first node 110 (i.e., the first node implementing ADMF-A is now on standby) and the two third nodes 130 (i.e., the third node implementing ADMF-B is active, the third node implementing ADMF-C is on standby) .
[0114] Once the third node 130 implementing ADMF-B takes over as active, the third node 130 may transmit, to the second node 120, a CreateDestinationRequest, a ModifyDestinationRequest, a DeleteDestinationRequest, a ActivateTaskRequest, a ModifyTaskReqest and / or a DeactivateTaskRequest. In response the third node 130 implementing ADMF-B receives, from the second node 120, a createDestinationResponse message, a ModifyDestinationResponse, a DeleteDestinationResponse, a ActivateTaskResponse, a ModifyTaskResponse and / or a DeactivateTaskResponse. If the second node 120 receives a provisioning request (e.g. a CreateDestinationRequest, a ActivateTaskRequest) from the first node 110 or the third node 130 implementing ADMF-C, the second node 120 determines that the provisioning request is unexpected and thus, does not act upon it (i.e., ignores the provisioning request from the first node 110 and the third node 130, implementing ADMF-C, which are both on standby mode) .
[0115] Upon receiving the provisioning request from the third node 130 implementing the ADMF-B, the second node 120 reports session related IRI events to Mediation and Delivery Function 2 (MDF2) via an LI X2 interface (i.e., an LI_X2 interface) based on destination received from the third node 130 implementing the ADMF-B. Also, the second node 120 may further send related IRI events in two scenarios: i) when the PDU session has already been established between the MDF2 and the second node 120 and the second node 120 then receives the ActivateTaskRequest message from the third node 130 implementing ADMF-B; and ii) when the second node 120 receives the ActivateTaskRequest message from the third node 130 implementing ADMF-B and then the PDU session between the second node 120 and the MDF2 is established. To be noted is that the third node 130 implementing ADMF-B first sends the createDestinationRequest message and then sends the ActivateTaskRequest message to the second node 120.
[0116] If a task issue (e.g. if the second node 120 is comprised by an SMF and the second node 120 receives an activateTask request from the third node 110 implementing the ADMF-B, the second node 120 sends the activateTask request to a UPF but the second node 120 (comprised in the SMF) does not receive a response from the UPF for the request due to a network or a connection issue; if a second node 120 comprised in an SMF receives a failed response due to an issue at a UPF) and / or a destination issue (e.g. if a second node 120 is comprised by an SMF does not have a connection with an MDF2; an X2 / X3 connection failure is discovered by a keepalive request failure; the second node 120 is unable to connect to MDF2 / MDF3) occurs, the second node 120 transmits a reportTaskIssue and / or a reportDestinationIssue request to the third node 110 implementing the ADMF-B (which implements an active ADMF) .
[0117] If an issue occurs at the second node 120 itself, the NE transmits a reportNEIssue Request to each of the first node 110 and the two third nodes 130 (i.e., irrespective of which of the nodes is active) .
[0118] For the signaling diagram 700, the second node 120 implements an SMF. The signaling diagram 700 starts with a failure or an issue at the first node 110 which implements an ADMF-A and is the active node as per Fig. 6. Due to the failure of the first node 110, the third node 130 implementing the ADMF-B takes over as an active node.
[0119] Thus, the third node 130 implementing the ADMF-B (which already has an established TCP connection with a negotiated TLS connection with the second node 120) transmits 702, to the second node 120, a keepalive request message. The keepalive request message comprises an IE (e.g. status info) which indicates that the third node 130 implementing the ADMF-B is active. An example of a syntax for keepalive request message comprising the indication of the status is provided below (wherein, if the third node 130 is active, <xs: enumeration value= "Active " / > is sent to the second node 120; and if the first node 110 is on standby, <xs: enumeration value= "Standby " / > is sent to the second node 120) . The syntax of the IE ‘status info’ may be:
[0120] Alternatively, the first node receives 706, from the second node 120, a ping request message.
[0121] The third node 130 receives 704, from the second node 120, a keepalive response message when the keepalive request message is sent.
[0122] Alternatively, the first node 110 transmits 708, to the second node 120, a ping response message comprising the indication of the status of the third node 130 implementing the ADMF-B (i.e., active) . An example of a syntax for the ping response message is given below:
[0123] Similar operations may be performed by the second node 120 and the third node 130 implementing the ADMF-C and the second node 120 and the first node 110 (similar to 610, 612, 614, 616, 618, 620, 622 and / or 624) .
[0124] After the first node 110 restarting after the failure (and starts as a standby node) , the second node 120 creates 710 a TCP connection between the first node 110 and the second node 120. The first node 110 and the second node 120 negotiate 712 a Transport Layer Security (TLS) connection between them.
[0125] The first node 110 transmits 714, to the second node 120, a keepalive request message. The keepalive request message comprises an IE (e.g. status info) which indicates that the first node 110 is on standby. An example of a syntax for keepalive request message comprising the indication of the status is provided above. Alternatively, the first node receives 714, from the second node 120, a ping request message.
[0126] The first node 110 receives 716, from the second node 120, a keepalive response message when the keepalive request message is sent.
[0127] Alternatively, the first node 110 transmits 716, to the second node 120, a ping response message comprising the indication of the status of the first node 110 (i.e., standby) . An example of a syntax for the ping response message is provided above.
[0128] The second node 120 handles 718 a provisioning request from the third node 130 implementing the ADMF-B (since the ADMF-B is the active ADMF and the second node 120 handles requests from only the active node) .
[0129] The second node 120 transmits 720 (or reports) , to the MDF2, an IRI event on the X2 interface (i.e., LI_X2 interface) .
[0130] The second node 120 transmits, to the UPF, an indication to trigger interception on an LI T3 interface (i.e., the LI_T3 interface) and receives, from the UPF, the indication of confirmation of interception on the LI T3 interface. The UPF intercepts 722 a CC (e.g. a payload from the UE) . The UPF then transmits 724, to the MDF3, the intercepted CC on the X3 interface (i.e., the LI_X3 interface) .
[0131] If a task issue or a destination issue occurs, the second node 120 triggers a creation of a TCP connection between the third node 130 implementing the ADMF-B and the second node 120. The third node 130 creates a TCP connection between the third node 130 and the second node 120 for sending a reportTaskIssue request and / or a reportDestinationIssue request. The third node 130 and the second node 120 negotiate a TLS connection between the third node 130 and the second node 120. The second node 120 transmits 726, to the third node 130 implementing the ADMF-B, the reportTaskIssue request and / or the reportDestinationIssue request.
[0132] If an issue occurs at the second node 120 (e.g. an NE issue such as a hardware issue on the NE such as storage nearly full or power issue; a security issue on the NE; an issue with a logging data and / or an audit data; a report about manual changes to the NE configuration) , the second node 120 transmits 728 a reportNEIssue message to the third node 130 implementing the ADMF-B.
[0133] The second node 120 triggers a creation of a TCP connection between the first node 110 and the second node 120. The first node 110 creates a TCP connection between the first node 110 and the second node 120 for sending a reportNEIssue request. The first node 110 B and the second node 120 negotiate a TLS connection between the first node 110 and the second node 120. The second node 120 transmits 730, to the first node 110, the reportNEIssue message.
[0134] The second node 120 triggers a creation of a TCP connection between the third node 130 implementing the ADMF-C and the second node 120. The third node 130 creates a TCP connection between the third node 130 and the second node 120 for sending a reportNEIssue request. The third node 130 implementing the ADMF-C and the second node 120 negotiate a TLS connection between the third node 130 and the second node 120. The second node 120 transmits 732, to the third node 130 implementing the ADMF-C, the reportNEIssue message.
[0135] Fig. 8 shows a network node 800 in accordance with some embodiments. As used herein, network node refers to equipment capable, configured, arranged and / or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with a UE and / or with other network nodes or equipment, in a telecommunication network. Examples of network nodes include, but are not limited to, a network node assigned to a core network (e.g. Core Network NEs as defined in 3GPP TS 33.127, AMF, ADMF, SMF, UPF) , a radio network, and / or any combination thereof, including but not limited to access points (APs) (e.g., radio access points) , base stations (BSs) (e.g., radio base stations, Node Bs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs) and NR NodeBs (gNBs) ) , RAN nodes, O-RAN nodes, components of an O-RAN node (e.g., O-RU, O-DU, O-CU) . In some examples, the network node 800 may be the first node 110, the second node 120, one or more of the third nodes 130 and / or the fourth node 140. The network node 800 is configured to perform the operations according to any of the methods disclosed herein in relation to a network node, including the methods shown in Figs. 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7.
[0136] Base stations may be categorized based on the amount of coverage they provide (or, stated differently, their transmit power level) and so, depending on the provided amount of coverage, may be referred to as femto base stations, pico base stations, micro base stations, or macro base stations. A base station may be a relay node or a relay donor node controlling a relay. A network node may also include one or more (or all) parts of a distributed radio base station such as centralized digital units, distributed units (e.g., in an O-RAN access node) and / or remote radio units (RRUs) , sometimes referred to as Remote Radio Heads (RRHs) . Such remote radio units may or may not be integrated with an antenna as an antenna integrated radio. Parts of a distributed radio base station may also be referred to as nodes in a distributed antenna system (DAS) .
[0137] Other examples of network nodes include multiple transmission point (multi-TRP) 5G access nodes, multi-standard radio (MSR) equipment such as MSR BSs, network controllers such as radio network controllers (RNCs) or base station controllers (BSCs) , base transceiver stations (BTSs) , transmission points, transmission nodes, multi-cell / multicast coordination entities (MCEs) , Operation and Maintenance (O&M) nodes, Operations Support System (OSS) nodes, Self-Organizing Network (SON) nodes, positioning nodes (e.g., Evolved Serving Mobile Location Centers (E-SMLCs) ) , and / or Minimization of Drive Tests (MDTs) .
[0138] The network node 800 includes a processing circuitry 802, a memory 804, a communication interface 806, and a power source 808. The network node 800 may be composed of multiple physically separate components (e.g., a NodeB component and a RNC component, or a BTS component and a BSC component, etc. ) , which may each have their own respective components. In certain scenarios in which the network node 800 comprises multiple separate components (e.g., BTS and BSC components) , one or more of the separate components may be shared among several network nodes. For example, a single RNC may control multiple NodeBs. In such a scenario, each unique NodeB and RNC pair, may in some instances be considered a single separate network node. In some embodiments, the network node 800 may be configured to support multiple radio access technologies (RATs) . In such embodiments, some components may be duplicated (e.g., separate memory 804 for different RATs) and some components may be reused (e.g., a same antenna 810 may be shared by different RATs) . The network node 800 may also include multiple sets of the various illustrated components for different wireless technologies integrated into network node 800, for example GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, Zigbee, Z-wave, LoRaWAN, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) or Bluetooth wireless technologies. These wireless technologies may be integrated into the same or different chip or set of chips and other components within network node 800.
[0139] The processing circuitry 802 may comprise a combination of one or more of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software and / or encoded logic operable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other network node 800 components, such as the memory 804, to provide network node 800 functionality.
[0140] In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 802 includes a system on a chip (SOC) . In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 802 includes one or more of radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 812 and baseband processing circuitry 814. In some embodiments, the radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 812 and the baseband processing circuitry 814 may be on separate chips (or sets of chips) , boards, or units, such as radio units and digital units. In alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry 812 and baseband processing circuitry 814 may be on the same chip or set of chips, boards, or units.
[0141] The memory 804 may comprise any form of volatile or non-volatile computer-readable memory including, without limitation, persistent storage, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , mass storage media (for example, a hard disk) , removable storage media (for example, a flash drive, a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD) ) , and / or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device-readable and / or computer-executable memory devices that store information, data, and / or instructions that may be used by the processing circuitry 802. The memory 804 may store any suitable instructions, data, or information, including a computer program, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, code, tables, and / or other instructions capable of being executed by the processing circuitry 802 and utilized by the network node 800. The memory 804 may be used to store any calculations made by the processing circuitry 802 and / or any data received via the communication interface 806. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 802 and memory 804 is integrated.
[0142] The communication interface 806 is used in wired or wireless communication of signaling and / or data between a network node, access network, and / or UE. As illustrated, the communication interface 806 comprises port (s) / terminal (s) 816 to transmit and receive data, for example to and from a network over a wired connection. The communication interface 806 also includes radio front-end circuitry 818 that may be coupled to, or in certain embodiments a part of, the antenna 810. Radio front-end circuitry 818 comprises filters 820 and amplifiers 822. The radio front-end circuitry 818 may be connected to an antenna 810 and processing circuitry 802. The radio front-end circuitry may be configured to condition signals communicated between antenna 810 and processing circuitry 802. The radio front-end circuitry 818 may receive digital data that is to be sent out to other network nodes or UEs via a wireless connection. The radio front-end circuitry 818 may convert the digital data into a radio signal having the appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filters 820 and / or amplifiers 822. The radio signal may then be transmitted via the antenna 810. Similarly, when receiving data, the antenna 810 may collect radio signals which are then converted into digital data by the radio front-end circuitry 818. The digital data may be passed to the processing circuitry 802. In other embodiments, the communication interface may comprise different components and / or different combinations of components.
[0143] In certain alternative embodiments, the network node 800 does not include separate radio front-end circuitry 818, instead, the processing circuitry 802 includes radio front-end circuitry and is connected to the antenna 810. Similarly, in some embodiments, all or some of the RF transceiver circuitry 812 is part of the communication interface 806. In still other embodiments, the communication interface 806 includes one or more ports or terminals 816, the radio front-end circuitry 818, and the RF transceiver circuitry 812, as part of a radio unit (not shown) , and the communication interface 806 communicates with the baseband processing circuitry 814, which is part of a digital unit (not shown) .
[0144] The antenna 810 may include one or more antennas, or antenna arrays, configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals. The antenna 810 may be coupled to the radio front-end circuitry 818 and may be any type of antenna capable of transmitting and receiving data and / or signals wirelessly. In certain embodiments, the antenna 810 is separate from the network node 800 and connectable to the network node 800 through an interface or port.
[0145] The antenna 810, communication interface 806, and / or the processing circuitry 802 may be configured to perform any receiving operations and / or certain obtaining operations described herein as being performed by the network node. Any information, data and / or signals may be received from a UE, another network node and / or any other network equipment. Similarly, the antenna 810, the communication interface 806, and / or the processing circuitry 802 may be configured to perform any transmitting operations described herein as being performed by the network node. Any information, data and / or signals may be transmitted to a UE, another network node and / or any other network equipment.
[0146] The power source 808 provides power to the various components of network node 800 in a form suitable for the respective components (e.g., at a voltage and current level needed for each respective component) . The power source 808 may further comprise, or be coupled to, power management circuitry to supply the components of the network node 800 with power for performing the functionality described herein. For example, the network node 800 may be connectable to an external power source (e.g., the power grid, an electricity outlet) via an input circuitry or interface such as an electrical cable, whereby the external power source supplies power to power circuitry of the power source 808. As a further example, the power source 808 may comprise a source of power in the form of a battery or battery pack which is connected to, or integrated in, power circuitry. The battery may provide backup power should the external power source fail.
[0147] Embodiments of the network node 800 may include additional components beyond those shown in Fig. 8 for providing certain aspects of the network node’s functionality, including any of the functionality described herein and / or any functionality necessary to support the subject matter described herein. For example, the network node 800 may include user interface equipment to allow input of information into the network node 800 and to allow output of information from the network node 800. This may allow a user to perform diagnostic, maintenance, repair, and other administrative functions for the network node 800.
[0148] Although the computing devices described herein (e.g., network nodes, hosts) may include the illustrated combination of hardware components, other embodiments may comprise computing devices with different combinations of components. It is to be understood that these computing devices may comprise any suitable combination of hardware and / or software needed to perform the tasks, features, functions and methods disclosed herein. Determining, calculating, obtaining or similar operations described herein may be performed by processing circuitry, which may process information by, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored in the network node, and / or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or converted information, and as a result of said processing making a determination. Moreover, while components are depicted as single boxes located within a larger box, or nested within multiple boxes, in practice, computing devices may comprise multiple different physical components that make up a single illustrated component, and functionality may be partitioned between separate components. For example, a communication interface may be configured to include any of the components described herein, and / or the functionality of the components may be partitioned between the processing circuitry and the communication interface. In another example, non-computationally intensive functions of any of such components may be implemented in software or firmware and computationally intensive functions may be implemented in hardware.
[0149] In certain embodiments, some or all of the functionality described herein may be provided by processing circuitry executing instructions stored on in memory, which in certain embodiments may be a computer program product in the form of a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. In alternative embodiments, some or all of the functionality may be provided by the processing circuitry without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete device-readable storage medium, such as in a hard-wired manner. In any of those particular embodiments, whether executing instructions stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium or not, the processing circuitry can be configured to perform the described functionality. The benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to the processing circuitry alone or to other components of the computing device, but are enjoyed by the computing device as a whole, and / or by end users and a wireless network generally.
[0150] Fig. 9 is a block diagram illustrating a virtualization environment 900 in which functions implemented by some embodiments may be virtualized. In the present context, virtualizing means creating virtual versions of apparatuses or devices which may include virtualizing hardware platforms, storage devices and networking resources. As used herein, virtualization can be applied to any device described herein, or components thereof, and relates to an implementation in which at least a portion of the functionality is implemented as one or more virtual components. Some or all of the functions described herein (e.g. methods 200, 300, 500; operations corresponding to the description in relation to Figs. 6 and 7) may be implemented as virtual components executed by one or more virtual machines (VMs) implemented in one or more virtual environments 900 hosted by one or more of hardware nodes, such as a hardware computing device that operates as a network node 800 (e.g., the first network node 110, the second network node 120, the third network node 130) , a UE, a core network node, or a host. Further, in embodiments in which the virtual node does not require radio connectivity (e.g., a core network node or host) , then the node may be entirely virtualized. In some embodiments, the virtualization environment 900 includes components defined by the O-RAN Alliance, such as an O-Cloud environment orchestrated by a Service Management and Orchestration Framework via an O-2 interface. The virtualization environment may comprise the communication network 100.
[0151] An application 902 (which may alternatively be called software instances, virtual appliances, network functions, virtual nodes, virtual network functions, etc. ) is run in the virtualization environment 900 to implement some of the features, functions, and / or benefits of some of the embodiments disclosed herein. The application 902 may comprise functionality of the communication network 100, the first node 110, the second node 120, the one or more third nodes 130 and / or the fourth node 140. The virtualization environment 900 may comprise one or more applications, each with a functionality of one or more of the communication network 100, the first node 110, the second node 120, the one or more third nodes 130 and / or the fourth node 140.
[0152] A hardware 904 includes processing circuitry, memory that stores software and / or instructions executable by hardware processing circuitry, and / or other hardware devices as described herein, such as a network interface, input / output interface, and so forth. Software may be executed by the processing circuitry to instantiate one or more virtualization layers 906 (also referred to as hypervisors or virtual machine monitors (VMMs) ) , provide VMs 908a and 908b (one or more of which may be generally referred to as VMs 908) , and / or perform any of the functions, features and / or benefits described in relation with some embodiments described herein. The virtualization layer 906 may present a virtual operating platform that appears like networking hardware to the VMs 908.
[0153] The VMs 908 comprise virtual processing, virtual memory, virtual networking or interface and virtual storage, and may be run by a corresponding virtualization layer 906. Different embodiments of the instance of a virtual appliance 902 may be implemented on one or more of VMs 908, and the implementations may be made in different ways. Virtualization of the hardware is in some contexts referred to as network function virtualization (NFV) . NFV may be used to consolidate many network equipment types onto industry standard high volume server hardware, physical switches, and physical storage, which can be located in data centers, and customer premise equipment.
[0154] In the context of NFV, the VMs 908 (e.g. the VM 908a, the VM 908b) may be a software implementation of a physical machine that runs programs as if they were executing on a physical, non-virtualized machine. Each of the VMs 908, and that part of hardware 904 that executes that VM, be it hardware dedicated to that VM and / or hardware shared by that VM with others of the VMs, forms separate virtual network elements. Still in the context of NFV, a virtual network function is responsible for handling specific network functions that run in one or more VMs 908 on top of the hardware 904 and corresponds to the application 902.
[0155] The hardware 904 may be implemented in a standalone network node with generic or specific components. The hardware 904 may implement some functions via virtualization. Alternatively, the hardware 904 may be part of a larger cluster of hardware (e.g. such as in a data center or CPE) where many hardware nodes work together and are managed via a management and orchestration function 910, which, among others, oversees lifecycle management of the applications 902. In some embodiments, the hardware 904 is coupled to one or more radio units that each include one or more transmitters and one or more receivers that may be coupled to one or more antennas. Radio units may communicate directly with other hardware nodes via one or more appropriate network interfaces and may be used in combination with the virtual components to provide a virtual node with radio capabilities, such as a radio access node or a base station. In some embodiments, some signaling can be provided with the use of a control system 912 which may alternatively be used for communication between hardware nodes and radio units.
[0156] Fig. 10 illustrates an embodiment of a computer program product 1010 according to the invention. The computer program product 1010 of the first node 110, the second node 120, the one or more third nodes 130 and / or the fourth node 140 includes a computer readable storage medium (storage or recording medium) storing a computer program 1020 comprising computer readable instructions. The computer readable medium of the first node 110, the second node 120, the one or more third nodes 130 and / or the fourth node 140, may be a non-transitory computer readable medium, such as, magnetic media (e.g., a hard disk) , optical media, memory devices (e.g., random access memory, flash memory) , and the like. In some embodiments, the computer readable instructions of the computer program 1020 are configured such that when executed by processing circuitry 802, the computer readable instructions cause the first node 110, the second node 120, the one or more third nodes 130 and / or the fourth node 140 to perform steps described herein (e.g., methods 300, 400, 500; operations as described in relation to Figs. 6 and 7) . In other embodiments, the first node 110, the second node 120, the one or more third nodes 130 and / or the fourth node 140 may be configured / operable to perform steps described herein without the need for code. That is, for example, the processing circuity 802 may consist merely of one or more ASICs. Hence, the features of the embodiments described herein may be implemented in hardware and / or software.
[0157] The computer program code mentioned above may also be provided, for instance in the form of a data carrier carrying computer program code for performing the embodiments herein when being loaded into the hardware. One such carrier may be in the form of a CD ROM disc. It is however feasible with other data carriers such as a memory stick. The computer program code may furthermore be provided as pure program code on the first node 110, the second node 120, the one or more third nodes 130 and / or the fourth node 140, and downloaded to the hardware at production, and / or during software updates.
Claims
1.A method (200) performed by a first node (110; 800) implementing an Administration Function, ADMF, the method comprising:transmitting (205) , to a second node (120; 800) implementing a Network Element, NE, a first message comprising an indication indicating a status of the first node, wherein the status is either active or standby.2.The method according to claim 1, wherein the first node shares a same ADMF Identity, ID, with one or more third nodes (130; 800) implementing one or more ADMFs respectively, and each of the first node and the one or more third nodes have different IP addresses.3.The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first message is sent on a Lawful Interception X1 interface, LI_X1 interface.4.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising:receiving (210) , from the second node, a first request for providing the status of the first node.5.The method according to claim 4, wherein the first request is a ping request message.6.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising:receiving (215) , from the second node, a reportTaskIssue message and / or a reportDestinationIssue message based on the indication indicating that the status of the first node is active.7.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the transmitted first message further comprises an indication indicating whether a third node implementing a redundant ADMF as a backup of the first node is provided to the second node, and wherein the third node implementing the redundant ADMF shares a same ADMF ID with the first node, and the first node having a different IP address as compared to the third node.8.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising:transmitting (220) , to the second node, a second message comprising an indication indicating an updated status of the first node, wherein the status is either active or standby.9.The method according to claim 8, comprising:receiving (225) , from the second node, a second request for providing the updated status of the first node.10.The method according to claim 9, wherein the second request is a ping request message.11.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the second node is comprised by at least one of:a mobility management entity, MME;an access and management function, AMF;a packet data network gateway control plane, PGW-C;a session management function, SMF;a unified data management, UDM;a Short Message Service Function, SMSF; andan internet protocol, IP, multimedia subsystem, IMS.12.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the first message comprises at least one of: a keepalive request message; a ping response message; and a ping request message.13.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the indication indicating the status of the first node is represented as an information element, IE, in the first message.14.A method (300) performed by a second node (120; 800) implementing a Network Element, NE, the method comprising:receiving (305) , from a first node (110; 800) implementing an Administration Function, ADMF, a first message comprising an indication indicating a status of the first node, wherein the status is either active or standby.15.The method according to claim 14, wherein the first node shares a same ADMF Identity, ID, with one or more third nodes (130; 800) implementing one or more ADMFs respectively, and each of the first node and the one or more third nodes have different IP addresses.16.The method of claim 14 or 15, wherein the first message is sent on a Lawful Interception X1 interface, LI_X1 interface.17.The method according to any one of claims 14 to 16, wherein the first message comprises at least one of: a keepalive request message; a ping response message; and a ping request message.18.The method according to any one of claims 14 to 17, comprising:transmitting (310) , to the first node, a first request for providing the status of the first node.19.The method according to claim 18, wherein the first request is a ping request message.20.The method according to any one of claims 14 to 19, comprising:transmitting (315) , to the first node, a reportTaskIssue message and / or a reportDestinationIssue message based on the indication indicating that the status of the first node is active.21.The method according to any one of claims 14 to 20, comprising:receiving (320) , from the first node, a second message comprising an indication indicating an updated status of the first node, wherein the status is either active or standby.22.The method according to claim 21, wherein the second message comprises at least one of: a keepalive request message; a ping response message; and a ping request message.23.The method according to claim 21 or 22, comprising:transmitting (325) , to the first node, a second request for providing the updated status of the first node.24.The method according to claim 23, wherein the second request is a ping request message.25.The method according to any one of claims 14 to 24, wherein the second node is comprised by at least one of:a mobility management entity, MME;an access and management function, AMF;a packet data network gateway control plane, PGW-C;a session management function, SMF;a unified data management, UDM;a Short Message Service Function, SMSF; andan internet protocol, IP, multimedia subsystem, IMS.26.The method according to any one of claims 14 to 25, wherein the indication indicating the status of the first node is represented as an information element, IE in the first message and / or the second message.27.The method according to any one of claims 14 to 26, wherein the received first message further comprises an indication indicating whether a third node implementing a redundant ADMF as a backup of the first node is provided to the second node, and wherein the third node implementing the redundant ADMF shares a same ADMF ID with the first node, and the first node having a different IP address as compared to the third node.28.The method according to claim 27, comprising:transmitting (330) , to the third node, a third request for providing the status of the third node.29.The method according to claim 28, wherein the third request is a ping request message.30.The method according to any one of claims 27 to 29, comprising:transmitting (335) , to the third node, a reportTaskIssue message and / or a reportDestinationIssue message, based on the indication indicating that the status of the third node is active.31.The method according to any one of claims 27 to 30, comprising:receiving (340) , from the third node, a fifth message comprising an indication indicating an updated status of the third node, wherein the status is either active or standby.32.The method according to claim 31, comprising:transmitting (345) , to the third node, a fourth request for providing the updated status of the third node.33.The method according to any one of claims 32, wherein the fourth request is a ping request message.34.The method according to any one of claims 31 to 33, wherein the fifth message comprises at least one of: a keepalive request message; a ping response message; and a ping request message.35.The method according to any one of claims 27 to 34, wherein the indication indicating the status of the third node is represented as an information element, IE, in the fourth message.36.A method (400) performed by a third node (130; 800) implementing a redundant Administration Function, ADMF, wherein the third node acts as a backup of a first node (110) implementing an ADMF, the third node shares a same ADMF ID with the first node, and the first node having a different IP address as compared to the third node, the method comprising:transmitting (405) , to a second node (120; 800) implementing a Network Element, NE, a fourth message comprising an indication indicating a status of the third node, wherein the status is either active or standby.37.The method of claim 36, wherein the fourth message is sent on a Lawful Interception X1 interface, LI_X1 interface.38.The method according to claim 36 or 37, wherein the fourth message comprises at least one of: a keepalive request message; a ping response message; and a ping request message.39.The method according to any one of claims 36 to 38, comprising:receiving (410) , from the second node, a third request for providing the status of the third node.40.The method according to claim 39, wherein the third request is a ping request message.41.The method according to any one of claims 36 to 40, comprising:receiving (415) , from the second node, a reportTaskIssue message and / or a reportDestinationIssue message, based on the indication indicating that the status of the third node is active.42.The method according to any one of claims 36 to 41, comprising:transmitting (420) , to the second node, a fifth message comprising an indication indicating an updated status of the third node, wherein the status is either active or standby.43.The method according to claim 42, comprising:receiving (425) , from the second node, a fourth request for providing the updated status of the third node.44.The method according to claim 43, wherein the fourth request is a ping request message.45.The method according to any one of claims 42 to 44, wherein the indication indicating the updated status of the third node is represented as an information element, IE, in the fifth message.46.The method according to any one of claims 36 to 45, wherein the second node is comprised by at least one of:a mobility management entity, MME;an access and management function, AMF;a packet data network gateway control plane, PGW-C;a session management function, SMF;a unified data management, UDM;a Short Message Service Function, SMSF; andan internet protocol, IP, multimedia subsystem, IMS.47.The method according to any one of claims 36 to 46, wherein the indication indicating the status of the third node is represented as an information element, IE, in the fourth message.48.A first node (110; 800) implementing an Administration Function, ADMF, the first node adapted to:transmit (205) , to a second node (120) implementing a Network Element, NE, a first message comprising an indication indicating a status of the first node, wherein the status is either active or standby.49.The first node according to claim 48, adapted to perform the method according to any one of claims 2 to 13.50.A second node (120; 800) implementing a Network Element, NE, the second node adapted to:receive (305) , from a first node (110; 800) implementing an Administration Function, ADMF, a first message comprising an indication indicating a status of the first node, wherein the status is either active or standby.51.The second node according to claim 50, adapted to perform the method according to any one of claims 15 to 35.52.A third node (130; 800) implementing a redundant Administration Function, ADMF, wherein the third node acts as a backup of a first node (110) implementing an ADMF, the third node shares a same ADMF ID with the first node, and the first node having a different IP address as compared to the third node, the third node adapted to:transmit (405) , to a second node (120; 800) implementing a Network Element, NE, a fourth message comprising an indication indicating a status of the third node, wherein the status is either active or standby.53.The third node according to claim 52, adapted to perform the method according to any one of claims 37 to 47.54.A method performed by a communication network (100) comprising a first node (110; 800) implementing an Administration Function, ADMF, a second node (120) implementing a Network Element, NE, and a third node (130) implementing a redundant Administration Function, ADMF, wherein the third node acts as a backup of the first node (110) , the third node shares a same ADMF ID with the first node, and the first node having a different IP address as compared to the third node, the method comprising:transmitting (205) , from the first node to the second node, a first message comprising an indication indicating a status of the first node, wherein the status is either active or standby; andtransmitting (405) , from the third node to the second node, a fourth message comprising an indication indicating a status of the third node, wherein the status is either active or standby.55.A communication network (100) comprising a first node (110; 800) implementing an Administration Function, ADMF, a second node (120) implementing a Network Element, NE, and a third node (130) implementing a redundant Administration Function, ADMF, wherein the third node acts as a backup of the first node (110) , the third node shares a same ADMF ID with the first node, and the first node having a different IP address as compared to the third node, the communication network adapted to:transmit (205) , from the first node to the second node, a first message comprising an indication indicating a status of the first node, wherein the status is either active or standby; andtransmit (405) , from the third node to the second node, a fourth message comprising an indication indicating a status of the third node, wherein the status is either active or standby.56.A computer program (1020) comprising instructions which, when executed by at least one processing circuitry (802) of:a first node (110; 800) , causes the first node to carry out the method according to any one of claims 1 to 13; and / ora second node (120; 800) , causes the second node to carry out the method according to any one of claims 14 to 35; and / ora third node (130; 800) , causes the third node to carry out the method according to any one of claims 36 to 47.57.A computer program product (1010) stored on a non-transitory computer readable medium and comprising instructions that, when executed by at least one processing circuitry (802) of:a first node (110; 800) , causes the first node to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 13; and / ora second node (120; 800) , causes the second node to perform the method according to any one of claims 14 to 35; and / ora third node (130; 800) , causes the third node to perform the method according to any one of claims 36 to 47.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Identifying an active administration function (ADMF) in a lawful interception deployment that utilizes a plurality of admfs
US20220407895A1