Monitoring device

Abstract

A wearable monitoring apparatus is provided that includes a housing; a global positioning system device disposed within the housing; at least one radio frequency transceiver disposed in the housing configured to communicate with at least one communication network; a processor, wherein the processor is configured to determine the location of the wearable monitoring apparatus by evaluating the presence of a plurality of communication network antennas that enable communication with the at least one communication network using the at least one radio frequency transceiver and, determining, based on the presence of the plurality of communication network antennas, location data corresponding to the location of the wearable monitoring apparatus, and where the processor is unable to identify a location of a communication network antenna, cause the GPS device to activate so as to obtain location data.

Description

MONITORING DEVICEField of the InventionCross Reference to Related Applications

[0001] The present application claims priority to and the benefit of US patent application No. 63 / 549,165, filed February 2, 2024, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0002] The invention relates to systems, methods and devices adapted to provide long duration location monitoring functionality for individuals.Background of the Invention

[0003] Individuals with particular social, psychological, and emotional needs are often at risk in modern built environments. For example, children diagnosed as being on the autism spectrum are at a high risk of eloping, or otherwise leaving the safety and security of their home or community environments. As a result, children and other individuals at high risk of eloping can find themselves lost without meaningful and direct ways to inform loved ones and caregivers of their location. Globally, approximately 80 million people have autism, and 55 million people have a form of dementia. This number is expected to increase to 153 million by 2050, demonstrating an increasing need for approaches tailored to protecting this population.

[0004] What is needed in the art is a system and apparatus that provides a portable security solution for these populations. Furthermore, what is needed are systems and apparatuses that are power efficient, accurate and compact with unique security features built for individuals for special needs.

[0005] Existing devices, such as cellphones and low power location trackers, have unavoidable downsides when attempting to address this community’s needs. For example, cellphones may only have sufficient electrical charge to power the device for between a few hours to a few days. As a result, a cellphone may lose power at a critical time and be unavailable when needed most.

[0006] Additionally, there exists in the art tracker technology (such as a device marketed under the name Angel Sense) that use a WiFi module to determine if the device has entered a home or school environment. However, such a approaches are limited to tracking devices that utilize pre-established WiFi networks to identify a given location. Such a system cannot use newly encountered WiFi networks to establish a location.

[0007] Additionally, some approaches in the art utilize radio frequency identification (RFID) technology in the form of a bracelet that emits a tracking signal, allowing search teams to locate individuals. The bracelet acts as a small radio transmitter that can be detected byspecialized equipment (RFID reader), enabling location in a search and rescue operation. However, here, the caregiver does not have access to a mobile application and all location monitoring goes through the local law enforcement agency. It requires an RFID reader (at the local law enforcement agency) to measure the frequency distance between the bracelet and the reader. This has inherent issues, both logistically in terms of the caregiver needing to go through the local agency if a child goes missing. Additionally, a given RFID reader can only track up to a certain radius. Thus, requiring advance knowledge of the general location of an individual that is lost or missing.

[0008] Devices such as Bluetooth trackers (such as Apple Computer’s AirTag and Tile products) are known in the art to provide some tracking functionality. Bluetooth trackers are limited by Bluetooth range functionality (500 ft.) and or the availability of like devices. For example, Apple’s AirTag uses its proprietary “Find My Network” software in order to triangulate its location using other Bluetooth trackers in the community. If a user is not near other like devices, it will not be able to track outside of the Bluetooth limitations (500 ft.) detailed above. Furthermore, there is no means of tracking these products in real-time.

[0009] Therefore, what is needed in the art are systems and devices for providing long duration location monitoring functionality that enables families and caregivers to identify and locate loved ones, including in real time.

[0010] Furthermore, what is needed in the art are systems and devices that provide a portable, wearable monitoring device that can be worn on the wrist, on a belt, in a pocket, in a backpack, attached to a lanyard, or in other secure ways.

[0011] Additionally, there is a present need in the art for a tracking device that can be accessed remotely by a caregiver or family cellphone. Likewise, what is further needed in the art is a system or device that allows a wearer to request ‘assistance' by pressing a simple and intuitive interface where this request for assistance includes location information.Summary of the Invention

[0012] By way of overview and introduction, the presently described systems, methods and computer implemented processes were developed in consultation with care providers and advocates in order to ensure the features described meet the requirements of special needs individuals (i.e. the person wearing the apparatus described) and their caregivers (i.e. the person utilizing the monitoring or tracking applications described herein.

[0013] In a particular implementation of the systems and devices described herein, a monitoring device is provided that allows parents and caregivers to obtain real-time information of the location of an individual wearing the monitoring device using a software application operating on their smartphone. In yet a further implementation, the monitoring device is equipped with functionality that allows the user of the monitoring device to send analert or message requesting ‘assistance’ to the software app operating on the smartphone or other device by pressing a button on the monitoring device. This assistance notification is accompanied by a location update.

[0014] In one particular configuration, the tracking device will first look for WiFi MAC addresses to get a location update but will then switch to use GPS if the location accuracy isn't high enough.

[0015] By way of further overview, in one particular implementation, a wearable monitoring apparatus is provided. The apparatus comprises a housing adapted to be worn by a person, wherein the housing incorporates: a global positioning system (GPS) device; at least one radio frequency transceiver configured to communicate with at least one communication network; and a processor. In one arrangement, the processor is configured to determine the location of the wearable monitoring apparatus by evaluating the presence of signals from a plurality of communication network antennas received by the at least one radio frequency transceiver. The processor is further configured to determine or generate the location data corresponding to the location of the wearable monitoring apparatus. In yet a further arrangement, when the processor is unable to generate location data based on signals from the one or more communication network antennas, the processor causes the GPS device to activate so as to obtain GPS location data and deactivate when the location data is obtained. In one or more further arrangements, the processor is configured to utilize a GPS device to obtain location data when the determined location data obtained from the communication network antenna exceeds a pre-determined threshold. For example, where the location data obtained by the communication network antennas is has a high margin of error (greater than 50 meters) then the processor or computer is configured to obtain measurement data using the GPS module.

[0016] In a particular configuration of the device described, the processor is configured to transmit the obtained location data or GPS location data, using the at least one radio frequency transceiver, to a remote location. The wearable monitoring apparatus described, in at least one configuration, is equipped with a power supply connectable to the housing and configured to provide power to the GPS device, at least one radio frequency transceiver and processor.

[0017] In a further configuration, a wearable monitoring apparatus is provided that includes a housing adapted to be worn by a person; a global positioning system (GPS) device disposed within the housing; at least one radio frequency transceiver disposed in the housing configured to communicate with at least one communication network; a processor disposed in the housing, wherein the processor is configured to determine the location of the wearable monitoring apparatus by evaluating the presence of a plurality of communication network antennas that enable communication with the at least one communication network using theat least one radio frequency transceiver and, determining, based on the presence of the plurality of communication network antennas, location data corresponding to the location of the wearable monitoring apparatus, and where the processor is unable to identify a location of a communication network antenna, cause the GPS device to activate so as to obtain location data. Here, the processor is further configured to transmit the obtained location data, using at least one radio frequency transceiver to a remote server accessible to the at least one communication network. Furthermore, the wearable monitoring apparatus includes a removable external power supply adapted to couple to the housing and provide power to at least the GPS, radio frequency transceiver and processor.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosed subject matter and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the disclosed subject matter, and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the disclosed subject matter.

[0019]

[0020] Fig. 1 is a perspective illustration of the wearable monitoring device according to a particular implementation.

[0021] FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of components of the wearable monitoring device according to a particular implementation.

[0022] FIG. 3 is a flow diagram detailing certain aspects of the wearable monitoring device.

[0023] FIG. 4 is a flow diagram detailing certain aspects of the wearable monitoring device.

[0024] FIG. 5 is a flow diagram detailing certain aspects of the wearable monitoring device.

[0025] FIG. 6 is a perspective illustration of the wearable monitoring device according to a particular implementation.

[0026] FIG. 7 is an illustration of the wearable monitoring device according to a particular implementation.

[0027] FIG. 8 is an illustration of a portion of the wearable monitoring device according to a particular implementation.

[0028] FIG. 9 is an illustration of a portion wearable monitoring device according to a particular implementation.

[0029] FIG. 10 is an illustration of a portion wearable monitoring device according to a particular implementation.

[0030] FIG. 11 is an illustration of a portion wearable monitoring device according to a particular implementation.

[0031] FIG. 12 is an illustration of a portion wearable monitoring device according to a particular implementation.

[0032] FIG. 13 is an illustration of a portion wearable monitoring device according to a particular implementation.

[0033] FIG. 14 is an illustration of a portion wearable monitoring device according to a particular implementation.

[0034] FIG. 15 is an illustration of a portion wearable monitoring device according to a particular implementation.

[0035] FIG. 16 is an illustration of a portion wearable monitoring device according to a particular implementation.

[0036] FIG. 17 is an illustration of a portion wearable monitoring device according to a particular implementation.

[0037] FIG. 18 is an illustration of a portion wearable monitoring device according to a particular implementation.

[0038] FIG. 19 is an illustration of a portion wearable monitoring device according to a particular implementation.

[0039] FIG. 20 is an illustration of a portion wearable monitoring device according to a particular implementation.

[0040] FIG. 21 is an illustration of a portion wearable monitoring device according to a particular implementation.

[0041] FIG. 22 is an illustration of a portion wearable monitoring device according to a particular implementation.

[0042] FIG. 23 is an illustration of a portion wearable monitoring device according to a particular implementation.

[0043] FIG. 24 is an illustration of a portion wearable monitoring device according to a particular implementation.

[0044] FIG. 25 is an illustration of a portion wearable monitoring device according to a particular implementation.

[0045] FIG. 26 is an illustration of a portion wearable monitoring device according to a particular implementation.

[0046] FIG. 27 is an illustration of a portion wearable monitoring device according to a particular implementation.

[0047] FIGs. 28A-B is an illustration of the antenna of the monitoring device according to a particular implementation of subject matter described herein.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENTS

[0048] The disclosed subject matter is described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which exemplary embodiments of the disclosed subject matter are shown. This disclosed subject matter may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the exemplary embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these exemplary embodiments are provided so that this disclosure is thorough, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosed subject matter to those skilled in the art. In the drawings, the size and relative sizes of layers and regions may be exaggerated for clarity. Like reference numerals in the drawings denote like elements.

[0049] By way of overview and introduction, a wearable monitoring apparatus is provided which comprises, in one particular implementation, a housing adapted to be worn on a person; a global positioning system (GPS) device disposed within the housing; at least one radio frequency transceiver disposed in the housing configured to communicate with at least one communication network; at least one cellular network transceiver configured to communicate with a cellular network; and a processor disposed in the housing, wherein the processor is configured to determine the location of the wearable monitoring apparatus by evaluating the presence of a plurality of communication network antennas that enable communication with the at least one communication network using the at least one radio frequency transceiver and, determine, based on the presence of the plurality of communication network antennas, location data corresponding to the location of the wearable monitoring apparatus, and where the processor is unable to identify one or more communication network antennas, cause the GPS device to activate so as to obtain location data. The processor further configured to transmit the obtained location data, using at least one radio frequency transceiver, to a remote server accessible to the at least one communication network: and a removable external power supply adapted to couple to the housing and provide power to the GPS, radio frequency transceiver and processor.

[0050] As shown in FIGs. 1 and 8-12, a wearable monitoring apparatus 100 is provided. As further shown in FIGs. 1 and 5-7, and 22-27 in one or more configurations, the wearable monitoring apparatus 100 is configured within a housing that is adapted to be worn on or by a person. For example, and in no way limiting, the wearable monitoring apparatus 100 includes a securing device 250. Here, the securing device is a watch band. However, in alternative configurations the securing device 250 is an ankle strap, belt, harness, or other item that can be worn by a person in need of tracking services.

[0051] Continuing with the configuration of FIGs. 1 and 22-27, the securing device 250 includes one or more retention devices 255. It will be understood and appreciated that in some instances, it is desirable for the wearable monitoring apparatus 100 to only be removable under approved conditions. In those instances, the retention device 255 ensures the securingdevice 250, and consequently, the wearable monitoring apparatus 100, cannot be removed, either accidently or deliberately. In one particular implementation, a custom screw or fastener is used to secure the two ends of the securing device 250 together (as shown in FIGs 22-27). Such a screw or fastener can be configured or engaged by the actions of a standard or custom screwdriver 270 or other similar device.

[0052] Turning now to the wearable monitoring apparatus 100, FIG. 2 provides a schematic diagram of the components of the wearable monitoring apparatus and interactions.

[0053] As shown, a wearable monitoring apparatus 100 includes a processor 102 configured to send and receive electrical signals from one or more electrical components or devices. In one particular implementation, the electrical signals are processed by the processor 102 by one or more hardware or software modules. As used herein, the term “module” refers, generally, to one or more discrete components that contribute to the functionality or effectiveness of the presently described systems, devices, methods and approaches. Modules can include software elements, including but not limited to functions, algorithms, classes and the like. In one arrangement, the software modules are stored as software in memory 105 of processor 102, as shown in FIG. 2. Modules can, in some implementations, include discrete or specific hardware elements.

[0054] In one or more implementations, processor 102 is further configured to access various components or hardware devices and network interfaces. For instance, processor 102 is configured to communicate over the internet with one or more remote servers, computers, peripherals or other hardware using standard or custom communication protocols and settings (e.g., TCP / IP, etc.) using one or more of wi-fi, cellular network, GPS, Bluetooth, NFC (near field communication) or other communication or data exchange devices and associated software.

[0055] Processor 102 may include one or more memory storage devices (memories). The memory is a persistent or non-persistent storage device (such as an IC memory element) that is operative to store the operating system in addition to one or more software modules. In accordance with one or more embodiments, the memory comprises one or more volatile and non-volatile memories, such as Read Only Memory (“ROM”), Random Access Memory (“RAM”), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (“EEPROM”), Phase Change Memory (“PCM”), Single In-line Memory (“SIMM”), Dual In-line Memory (“DIMM”) or other memory types. Such memories can be fixed or removable, as is known to those of ordinary skill in the art, such as through the use of removable media cards or modules. In one or more embodiments, the memory of processor 102 provides for the storage of application program and data files. One or more memories provide program code that processor 102 reads and executes upon receipt of a start, or initiation signal.

[0056] In one implementation, processor 102 is a commercially available computing device. For example, processor 102 may be a collection of computers, microprocessors, micro-computing elements, computer-on-chip(s), prototyping devices or “hobby” computing elements.

[0057] Furthermore, processor 102 can comprise a single processor, multiple discrete processors, a multi-core processor, or other type of processor(s) known to those of skill in the art, depending on the particular embodiment.

[0058] In a further configuration, the processor 102 is a field programmable gate array or application specific integrated circuit.

[0059] Processor 102 is configured to execute a commercially available or custom operating system, e.g., Microsoft WINDOWS, Apple OSX, UNIX or Linux based operating system in order to carry out instructions or code.

[0060] Continuing with FIG. 2, in one or more implementations the processor 102 is configured to communicate with a global positioning system (GPS) device 104, such as a GPS receiver or other similar device configured to receive GPS or similar satellite-based location data. It will be further understood that the GPS device 104 includes the necessary antennas, microelectronics, hardware, firmware, software or other components necessary to receive location data from one or more satellites and provide that data to the processor 102. It will be further understood that GPS satellite signals received by the processor 102 in accordance with some embodiments can be decoded, modified, evaluated or processed by one or more modules of the processor 102 to provide real-time or near real time location data. For example, a GPS satellite based global navigation system can use an array of satellites 240 to provide GPS signals across most of the Earth’s surface. Signals from multiple independent satellites, such as satellite 240, are used to determine an accurate GPS position estimate, which can include one or more of a latitude, a longitude, an altitude, a direction of travel, and a speed of travel.

[0061] In one or more further implementations, the GPS device 104 is a u-blox Zoe- M8Q or a similar product. In one or more particular implementations, both the GPS device 104 and the one or more network communication devices 106 use the same antenna. That is, the selected GPS device 104 is configured to use a common antenna 111 provided in the monitoring device 100 and not a separate GPS module-specific antenna. In one or more implementations, this configuration allows the device's antenna to be as large as possible. Thus, the GPS device 104 and the one or more network communication devices 106 have an improved signal-to-noise ratio compared to devices that use multiple smaller antennas.

[0062] In one particular implementation, as detailed later, the antenna 111 can toggle swiftly between the multiple modules, based on the utilization of a RF switch.

[0063] In a given configuration, the M8Q series of concurrent GNSS modules is built on the u-blox M8 GNSS engine. The modules can concurrently receive signals from up to three GNSS systems (GPS / Galileo together with BeiDou or GLONASS). Thus, in one arrangement, the GPS device 104 dynamically selects the GNSS system necessary to provide the most accurate location data. For example, the M8Q module recognizes multiple constellations simultaneously and provides outstanding positioning accuracy in urban canyons or weak signal environments. The system uses GPS data from multiple constellations to determine accurate location information. Thus, in one or more arrangements, the selected GPS module offers high performance even at low power consumption levels.

[0064] As further shown in FIG. 2, one or more network communication devices 106 are configured to communicate with the processor 102. In one particular arrangement, the network communication device is configured to communicate with one or more network infrastructure devices, such as base stations, access points or network interfaces. For example, in one or more configurations the network communication devices 106 are configured to utilize one or more of wifi, WLAN, WiMax, Bluetooth® or cellular systems to communicate with an access point or base station 260.

[0065] In one or more particular implementations, the network communication devices 106 include a Wi-Fi Module, such as the ESP32 from Espressif Systems. It will be appreciated that such Wi-Fi modules as the ESP32 selected for integration into the device described are highly optimized for low-power applications.

[0066] In one or more configurations, the selected network communication devices 106 is selected to support different power modes, such as deep sleep. Such modules are important, as the device and systems described are configured for extended battery life, and thus operations time, relative to prior art approaches. For example, the Wi-Fi modules selected as the network communication device 106 is configured to operate in a manner which can significantly extend battery life in portable and battery-operated applications. Such an approach makes it ideal for devices that need to be energy-efficient, like wearables or remote sensors.

[0067] As described in more detail herein, the network communication module is utilized to read or access nearby Wi-Fi data to determine the location of the monitoring device.

[0068] In one particular implementation, the monitoring device is configured to connect to the residential or hotel Wi-Fi networks. This will allow for even lower powered tracking, since the monitoring device does not need to send data over a cellular connection. Again, by utilizing network communication (such as Wi-Fi) the network communication device 106 allow for power efficient operation while maintaining a small form factor device that allows for it to be integrated into a wearable or highly portable device.

[0069] In one configuration, the access point or base station 260 allows for the processor 102 to communicate with one or more servers or remote computers 110. For example, and in no way limiting, if the access point or base station 260 is a WLAN access point, the processor 102 is configured by one or more software modules to communicate with one or more remote computers, such as servers or computers 110, accessible through the internet. For example, the GPS data obtained from the GPS device 104 is provided to the processor 102. From there, the GPS data can be sent via the network communication devices 106 to one or more remote servers or computers 110. Likewise, information, instructions, or data can be sent from one or more remote sources, such as a smartphone, through a communication network to the processor 102.

[0070] In a further arrangement, as described in FIG. 2, a cellular or other telephone network is also accessible to the processor 102. For example, a cellular network interface device 108 is configured to communicate with one or more cellular network antennas (not shown). For instance, the processor 102 is configured to send and receive data using one or more cellular networks, for example such as GSM, CDMA, 3G, 4G, LTE, 5G and other cellular network configurations.

[0071] In one or more particular configurations, the one or more cellular network interface devices 108 are selected from one or more cellular network modules. For example, the one or more cellular network interface devices 108 can be a cellular module made by Nordic Semiconductor. In a particular example, the one or more cellular network interface devices 108 are Nordic nRF9160 modules. In one or more further configurations, the selected cellular network interface device 108 is chosen for its functionality and capability as a low-power loT module designed for battery life performance optimization. In a particular configuration, the selected cellular network interface device 108 connects to CAT-M1 (also known as LTE-CAT-M) loT networks. As used herein, CAT-M1 (Category M1) is a low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technology designed for Internet of Things (loT) and machine- to-machine (M2M) communications. CAT-M1 operates within the LTE (Long-Term Evolution) standard and is optimized for low-bandwidth, low-power, and low-cost applications. CAT-M1 uses a narrower bandwidth (1.4 MHz) compared to standard LTE, which contributes to its lower power consumption and wider coverage range.

[0072] In one or more implementations, the utilized cellular network interface device 108 has Bluetooth Low Energy tracking capability. In one or more configurations, the one or more cellular network interface devices 108 use this tracking capability for short-distance tracking to further optimize battery life.

[0073] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the specific selection of a cellular network interface device 108 is critical because all location updates and other device commands are communicated through this module. For example, the cellular networkinterface device 108 must connect quickly and efficiently to cell towers for location updates to be received or transmitted promptly.

[0074] Referring to FIG. 2, in one or more implementations, the wearable monitoring apparatus 100 includes one or more antennas 111. The inventors have found that existing commercially available and prior art designs did not allow a wearable monitoring apparatus 100 to provide a combination of improved battery life, power output, and regulatory compliance. Thus, this application is also directed to an improved antenna design configured to permit the highest possible cellular power output, given the power and design constraints imposed on a portable wearable device.

[0075] The inventors determined through testing of currently available and prior art antenna designs that existing devices lacked sufficiently high power output to pass the PCS (Personal Communications Service) Type Certification Review Board (PTCRB) standards for operation on cellular networks, such as those maintained by AT& T.

[0076] As shown in FIGS. 28A and 28B, the custom antenna 111 developed by the inventors covers the majority of the device's interior surface area (i.e., encasement). This configuration allows the device dimensions to remain small while still providing sufficient power output for communication over cellular networks.

[0077] In one arrangement, the antenna 111 meets the loT cellular PTCRB standards set by AT& T. Prior art and existing antenna designs were unable to satisfy Class 3 modem requirements (the class designated for the current device’s form factor). The designed custom antenna 111 can toggle between the multiple modules within the monitoring device. When one module uses the antenna 111 to report or receive information, the other modules are configured not to transmit or receive data. In a particular implementation, the present monitoring device uses a Power Ciass 3 modem that outputs 23 dBm.

[0078] The monitoring device switches the antenna’s connection between the celiuiar, Wi-Fi, and GPS chips, depending on which module needs to transmit or receive. This is accomplished using a software-defined, solid state, or electromechanical RF switch or other control device. The processor 102 determines the most appropriate module to use at a given time and has that module send and receive data using the antenna 111. The custom antenna 111 is connected to the input sources via a RF switch, which facilitates this toggling.

[0079] In one specific arrangement, the cellular network interface 108 has priority, and the processor 102 controls whether the u-biox GPS chip attempts to acquire a GPS fix based on the transmit and receive state of the cellular network interface 108. In this arrangement, the Nordic and u-blox chip connections to the antenna 111 use separate matching components, and an RF switch switches between the two circuits. The antenna 111 has a single input port and, in one configuration, two additional ports connected via an inductor. In one arrangement, this inductor has a 4.3 nH inductance.

[0080] It will be appreciated that each of the communication device (RF or GPS) includes additional electronic components necessary to optimize the output of signals in a desired frequency band.

[0081] In a further arrangement, the custom antenna 111 is a Flexible Printed Circuit (FPC) adhered to the inside of the device, above the PCBA. The antenna 111 uses matching components tailored to the specific CAT-M1 bands in a particular region.

[0082] For example, AT& T IoT in the United States uses Bands 2 (1900 MHz), 4 (1700 / 2100 MHz), and 12 (700 MHz). In this arrangement, the antenna 111 is implemented using matching components to optimize for these particular cellular bands. Testing showed that 75% of location requests used Band 12 to communicate the monitoring device's locations. Therefore, in one arrangement, the antenna 111 is tuned for optimal performance in Band 12 (see TRP / TIS results in the appendix).

[0083] However, in other countries or jurisdictions, alternative bands are preferred. For example, in Europe, Bands 3 (1,800 MHz), 8 (900 MHz), and 20 (800 MHz) are utilized. The components of the monitoring device described will use a distinct set of matching components optimized for performance in these cellular bands.

[0084] In one arrangement, the antenna 111 is configured with other circuity (such as capacitors and inductors), to form a L-type matching network to transform the impedance of the antenna such that it matches the impedance at a signal input port.

[0085] In one or more further arrangements, the antenna 111 is configured to conform to the inner surface of the monitoring device. For example, where the top portion of the monitoring device has a curved or arcuate shape, the antenna 111 is suitability configured to provide a complementary design.

[0086] It will be understood that each of the GPS device 104, network communication module 106 and cellular network interface device 108 can be implemented as hardware and software in a single microelectronics package, chip, or board along with the processor 102. Alternatively, the GPS device 104, network communication module 106 and cellular network interface device 108 can be implemented as individual hardware components that are modularly connected to the processor 102 by means of a common bus or other interconnections that are known and commonly understood in the art.

[0087] A shown in FIG. 2, the wearable monitoring apparatus 100 includes one or more biometric measurement devices 112. For example, the wearable monitoring apparatus 100 includes one or more of a blood pressure monitor, heart rate monitor, thermometer, single or multiple lead electrocardiograph (ECG), a non-invasive glucose monitors and / or blood oxygen monitor or any combination thereof. These biometric devices are configured to measure key metrics of the wearer’s health and wellbeing. The measured metrics can be provided to the processor 102 for local analysis by one or more biometric measurementanalysis modules executed by the processor 102. Alternatively, the data obtained from the one or more biometric measurement devices 112 is provided to one or more remote computers or servers 110.

[0088] The processor 102 is configured, either by hardware or software, to evaluate the data obtained from GPS device 104, cellular network interface device 108 and network communication module 106 and direct further actions relating thereto.

[0089] In one particular implementation, the housing of the apparatus described includes at least one user interface element, such as a button 109. This button can be configured for different functionality. In one arrangement, the button 109 is configured to cause an alert to be sent to a remote computer 110, wherein the alert includes the location data (GPS or MAC address data) and optionally biometric data or other data obtainable by the wearable monitoring device.

[0090] According to one or more configurations, the processor 102 and other components (such as, but not limited to, the GPS device 104, cellular network interface device 108 and network communication module 106) are powered by an internal, rechargeable battery that is integrated into the housing of the wearable monitoring apparatus 100. In one arrangement, the internal battery or power supply is a lithium-ion rechargeable battery, alkaline battery or other battery type. In alternative configurations, the power supply is a capacitor, such as a super capacitor, or other similar power storage devices.

[0091] In one or more implementations, the battery selected is configured to provide power to the monitoring device for up to 30-days, depending on usage. In part, the monitoring device is configured with one or more hardware and software modules that allow for the implementation of a sleep mode or other low power mode during which the device is not woken up until an action is requested of it. In one particular implementation, the monitoring device or a processor thereof (such as but not limited to processor 102) is configured to place the cellular network interface 108 into an Extended Discontinuous Reception (EDRX) cycle with the cell tower(s). The EDRX cycle enables the device to enter a deep sleep mode until the wait time is complete. Once the wait time is complete, the cellular network interface 108 quickly wakes up and connects to the network if there is a transmission. In one or more arrangements, where LTE-M is utilized, the network allows the cellular network interface 108 (or the processor 102) to choose its eDRX cycle time. The sleep time for each eDRX cycle ranges from 5 seconds to 43 minutes. In one arrangement, the eDRX cycle can be dynamical changed based on the proximity of the monitoring device to the edge of a user defined virtual boundary. In a further arrangement, where location data has established that the wearable device is stationary or in an area with high connectivity, the sleep time for the eDRX cycle can be lengthened. Alternatively, if the processor 102 determines that the wearable device is traveling or in an area with low connectivity options, then the eDRX cycle is shortened.

[0092] In yet a further arrangement, a second, external power source is also provided. For example, as shown in FIGs. 1, 6, 13-15, and 17-21, an external charging device 200 is configured to interface with the wearable monitoring apparatus 100. Here, the external charging device 200 provides power to both recharge the internal battery of the wearable monitoring apparatus as well as providing operating power to the processor 102 and other components. As shown in FIG. 1, the external charging device 200 is equipped with a charging cable or other device that allows for recharging the external charging device 200. In one or more further arrangements, the external power device 200 is equipped with a plurality of through holes that allow LED lights to shine through indicating charging levels. For example, the wireless monitoring device 100 is equipped with an array of status indicators lights on the housing. When the battery is between 0-50% charged only one light of the status indicator lights is blinking. When the internal battery is between 50-100% charged the status indicator will provide two blinking lights. When the battery is completely charged, the status indicator will provide two (2) steady lights.

[0093] In one or more further implementations, an external battery pack (not shown) can be secured to the wireless monitoring device 100 in the same manner as the external charging device 200. This battery pack is configured to provide extended useful life to the operations of the wireless monitoring device 100 and can be recharged using the same charging device 200 as is used to recharge the wireless monitoring device 100.

[0094] To maintain its IP67 waterproof rating, the device's charging pads are located on an exterior surface of the housing. Because the charging contact pads are on an exterior surface (such as the top surface), the monitoring device can be worn on the wrist while charging. LEDs on the monitoring device display the charging status.

[0095] When the charging pads are on the top of the monitoring device, various accessories can interface with them. One such accessory is a battery pack that charges the monitoring device during operation. The battery pack, charged separately from the device, holds enough power to charge the device from 0% to 100%. It clips onto the device in the same way the charger does and has LEDs that show its charge level. A button illuminates the LEDs.

[0096] Two of the charging contact pads also function as a water presence sensor. This is accomplished by sending current through one charging contact pad and using a microcontroller to detect current passing through a second contact pad. Current passing between these two pads indicates that the device is in water. This is a critical feature for the autistic community, as children with autism are often drawn to water.

[0097] In one arrangement, the remote computer or server 110 is configured to determine the proximity of the wearer of the monitoring device to a body of water. For example, software executing in a processor of the remote server 110 is configured to identify from thecurrent location one or more bodies of water based on GIS or other map data. Using this information, a signal or software instruction can be provided to a processor 102 of the monitoring device 100 to activate a water detection microcontroller. Thus, the monitoring device 100 can save power by only activating the water detection features when the user is in proximity to bodies of water.

[0098] In one particular configuration of the components and elements provided one or more software modules, configured as code executing within one or more processors, are utilized to evaluate signals received by the network communication devices 106. Here, the network communication devices 106 is configured to communicate with the access point or base station 260 so as to obtain location data.

[0099] As shown in the flow diagram of FIG. 3, it will be appreciated that internet access points, such as wireless hotspots can have location information associated therewith. For example, in one particular implementation, the processor 102 is configured to access, using the network communication module 106, the MAC (a unique identifier) addresses of WiFi hotspots. In a particular configuration, the processor 102 accesses, using the network communication module 106, a local or remote database of GPS locations that correspond to particular WiFi hotspots MAC addresses. For example, such a database may store MAC address and a corresponding GPS location for the hotspot.

[0100] In one or more implementations, the processor 102 is configured to periodically obtain the location of the wearable monitoring apparatus 100 and provide that information to a remote computer or server. In one arrangement, the processor 102 is configured to obtain location data and transmit that data once a minute, every 5, 10 or 30 minutes, every hour or 2 hours or longer depending on the circumstances.

[0101] In order the obtain this location information, in one arrangement, the processor 102 is configured to evaluate data provided by the network communication module 106 to determine the location based on the strength of the signals received from different network appliances, base stations or hotspots. For example, the processor 102 is configured to obtain MAC addresses and the relative strengths of the signals generated from several different wireless hotspots. In one particular implementation, the obtained MAC addresses are provided as a query to a database that includes entries of MAC address and their corresponding GPS coordinates.

[0102] The processor 102, using this information, is configured by one or more hardware or software modules to determine the location of the wearable monitoring apparatus 100. In one configuration, signal strength is correlated to the proximity of the wearable monitoring apparatus to a base station. Therefore, the stronger a particular signal is from an access point of base station, the closer the wearable monitoring apparatus is that particular base station. Using multiple networks and base stations, the processor 102 can be configuredto triangulate its position relative to the base stations. Combining this information with the known GPS location of an access point(s), the processor 102 can be configured to determine a likely location of the wearable monitoring apparatus 100. This derived location information can then be provided to one or more remote computers or systems 100 to enable remote tracking or monitoring of the wearer. For example, the derived location data is provided to a remote server or computer using the network communication module 106.

[0103] However, in one or more further arrangements, the user is not able to access a given WiFi network using the network communication module 106. For example, while the MAC address of a given access point or hotspot may be determinable, such networks may be password or otherwise restricted. As such, the processor 102 is unable to transmit information, such as the derived location data, to a remote monitoring station. Therefore, in one or more further configurations, the processor utilizes the cellular network interface device 108 to communicate over a cellular network with a remote computer 110 or server.

[0104] It will be appreciated that in some circumstances, access points are unavailable, or alternatively, unable to provide location data associated with an access point location. In these circumstances, where the processor 102 is configured to obtain location data based on determined circumstances or at a pre-set time, the processor 102 is configured to activate the GPS module 104 and obtain GPS data from one or more satellites.

[0105] The inventors have found that constant usage of GPS modules can cause a significant depletion of battery power. Therefore, in one or more implementations, the processor 102 is configured to selectively activate the GPS module 104 in order to obtain location data. Once the GPS or location data is obtained, the processor 102 deactivates the GPS module 104 to conserve power.

[0106] Turning to FIG 4, using a remote computer 110 or server, remote users, such as parents and caregivers, can configure the wearable monitoring apparatus 100. For example, and in no way limiting, a server or remote computer 110 provides a user interface for sending and receiving instructions to a particular one or multiple wearable monitoring apparatus 100. Using such a user interface, caregivers are able to establish geofence zones. For example, a geofence zone can be established around a school, community, home, medical provider or other service provider. These geofence zones are maintained by the remote computer and are compared to the present location of the wearable monitoring device. Thus, once the wearer of the wearable monitoring device exceeds the boundaries of the pre¬ determined geofence an alert or notification is triggered.

[0107] As discussed, a user is able, though an application provided on a computing device processor or direct access to the remote computing device or server 110 to set virtual boundaries and identify when the monitoring device 100 enters or exits a boundary region. Boundaries are based on specific Wi-Fi MAC addresses and Wi-Fi router names. In onearrangement, the user creates a boundary for a monitoring device while the device is located within the desired boundary area. In one arrangement, a Wi-Fi router within the boundary area serves as a reference point for the virtual boundary.

[0108] In operation, the monitoring platform’s processor 102 scans for available Wi-Fi addresses and sends this data to one or more remote servers 110. The monitoring platform, or a processor thereof of, obtains a location update during this process. For example, the processor 102 activates the GPS module to accurately locate the existing Wi-Fi network. Once complete, the Wi-Fi data is associated with a GPS location.

[0109] When using the software application that allows the user to control the functionality of the monitoring device, the user interface of the software displays the boundary as a circle on the a depiction of a map. The software executing in the remote computing device or server 110 now has Wi-Fi data associated with a location of the monitoring device 100.

[0110] In one configuration, the monitoring device 100 does not need to connect over cellular to the remote computing device or server 110 to determine its location while inside, entering, or leaving a zone. The monitoring device periodically scans for nearby Wi-Fi networks to determine whether it is inside a boundary. If the monitoring device detects a Wi¬ Fi network associated with a boundary, it checks if it has just entered the boundary. If the previous Wi-Fi network scan included the same Wi-Fi data, the monitoring device (or a processor thereof ) is configured to determine that the monitoring device 100 has not moved. If the previous scan showed the monitoring device outside the boundary, and the new scan shows it inside, the device knows it has entered a boundary. A similar check is performed for leaving a boundary.

[0111] If the monitoring device, or a processor thereof, determines it has entered or left a boundary, it communicates this change over cellular networks to the remote server. The remote server then sends an alert (via email, in-app alert, SMS or chat notification, or voice call) to notify a registered or predetermined user or contact, such as a parent, guardian, or caregiver.

[0112] In one particular arrangement, a push notification is sent to a computer or mobile device of a designated contact for the wearer of the wearable monitoring device, alerting them that the geofence has been breached, as well as the current location of the wearer. In particular arrangements, the breach of the geofence causes an instruction to be sent to the processor 102 to increase the frequency of its location reporting. For example, where a wearable monitoring device was configured to transmit its location once every 10 minutes, upon notification of a breach of its geofence, the processor 102 is configured to transmit its location once every 5 minutes or more frequently. Likewise, when a breach of the geofence is detected, the processor 102 is configured to activate the GPS module even if access points are available. In this way a more accurate location of the wearer can beprovided. It should be understood that upon a breach of the geofence, it is paramount to ensure that the wearer is safe. As such, the processor 102 is configured to provide information from one or more biometric measurement devices along with the location data. In yet a further configuration, where the wearer has breached the geofence for a considerable amount of time, the processor 102 can selectively alter the frequency of the reporting of location data in order to preserve power and ensure that location data can be provided for a longer overall duration.

[0113] As noted, in order to take advantage of the WiFi based location services, the GPS coordinates of the access point or antenna must be known. This can be accomplished, in one or more implementations, by querying a database of MAC addresses that also includes the GPS data for each wireless access point. Where there is no corresponding GPS data for a given MAC address, a user can use the GPS signal to update the database of MAC addresses. For example, the processor 102 is configured to identify one or more MAC addresses. This information can be sent to a remote computer or server 110. The remote computer or server 110 is configured to look up the MAC address from a database and obtain the GPS data. Where there is no GPS data, the remote computer or server 110 is configured to send instructions to the processor 102, to activate the GPS receiver 104. Once GPS data is obtained, this GPS data is then stored in the database for further and future use by the requesting wearable monitoring device or other monitoring devices. Here, any wearable monitoring device 100 can cause the server or remote computer 110 to update the database. Thus, each wearable monitor device 100 functions as a mapper, mapping the MAC address and storing associated GPS coordinates.

[0114] In an alternative configuration, the parents and caregivers can set up WiFi zones through the app by requesting the device to scan for nearby WiFi names. In this way, the WIFI names can function as location identifiers. For example, by providing a private database of WIFI names, a custom location scheme can be generated. Here, individual WiFi names are associated with particular locations, such as “home”, “school” or “services”. In a particular arrangement, the wearable monitoring device 100 can be configured to ignore some WiFi addresses that are not relevant for the WiFi zone when it is established.

[0115] In a further arrangement, the processor 102 is configured to communicate with a local computing device, such as a smartphone, tablet or portable computer. Here, the processor 102 is configured to communicate using Bluetooth signals. In this configuration the network communication module 106 is configured to connect, or tether, to the smartphone. Through this tethering between the wearable monitoring device 100 device and a parent, guardian, or caregiver’s smartphone, the smartphone is able to determine that the wearable monitoring device 100 is in close proximity, so long as it receives acknowledgement of the Bluetooth pairing with the wearable monitoring device 100. However, it will be appreciated that Bluetooth tethering requires the wearable monitoring device 100 to be close to thesmartphone. As soon as the smartphone fails to register a connection, via Bluetooth, with the wearable monitoring device 100, the smartphone is configured by a software application to send a push notification alerting the user. This feature can be used when eloping is at a higher risk, such as when the individual is at a park or on a trip. In one or more further arrangements, multiple wearable monitoring devices can be paired to a single smartphone device.

[0116] In some configurations, the memory of the processor 102 can store one or more passwords to WIFI networks. For example, using a software application operating on a computer or computing platform (such as a smartphone), a home WiFi name and password can be saved and provided to the phone app so that the wearable monitoring device 100 can connect to one or more trusted internet access points. Such functionality saves battery life since it doesn’t need to use cellular data while at its home location. Similarly, the wearable monitoring device doesn't need to access the internet while in Bluetooth tethering mode since it communicates directly with the software application operating on the smartphone.

[0117] Thus, in one or more configurations, the systems and devices described herein are directed to improvements in the art of power management and have utility in connection with power optimization strategies for wearable monitoring and tracking devices. In particular, relative to existing approaches, the described wearable monitoring device 100 provides for a much improved and longer battery life while still providing regular location data about a wearer. The presently described approach, in one arrangement, accomplishes this goal by utilizing a deep sleep mode in the cellular chip and by prioritizing WiFi location tracking over GPS location tracking. As noted, GPS antennas draw a lot more power than WiFi antennas since they need to be on for a significant amount of time to get a location fix. WiFi location updates work by comparing MAC addresses of nearby WiFi hotspots to a database of GPS locations. The system takes MAC addresses and their relative strengths as input, and outputs a GPS location. Since this relies on WiFi to quickly gather MAC addresses and cellular to transmit the data, the device is more power efficient than a pure GPS tracker.

[0118] By way of non-limiting example and in one or more configurations, the processor 102 is configured to implement one or more tracking methods. For example, the processor 102 is configured by code (such as code stored in a non-transitory storage device) to implement Standard Tracking and Live Mode.

[0119] By way of non-limiting example, when in standard mode, a user can press a user input or activation device located on the housing (such as button 109). In one arrangement, the user interface button is an “update location" button, and the request is processed through remote computer or server 110. It will be appreciated that the remote server 110 can be a standalone server, or software running within a cloud based server provided by a third party, such as Amazon Web Services.

[0120] In standard mode, the monitoring device 100 leverages the network communication device 106 (such as WiFi) as its primary means of tracking device location. In this configuration, the processor 102 can transmit or store a WiFi location, accurate to within 50 meters, that corresponds to the monitoring device's present location.

[0121] In one particular implementation, the processor 102 records all nearby WiFi addresses, metadata, and the relative intensity of WiFi signal strength. This information is sent via cellular, WiFi, or Bluetooth connection to the remote computing device of server 110. In one arrangement, the remote computing device or server 110 is a smart phone or other external computing device. The WiFi data is then logged in a database accessible by the remote computer or server 110, where locations are determined by referencing known WiFi data and their respective longitude and latitude coordinates. The device's coordinates are triangulated by comparing the relative intensities of the WiFi signals. If the GNSS locations of the WiFi addresses are not recorded in the internal database, a third-party database is used. Most location updates can, in one arrangement be routed through one or more third -party WiFi metadata aggregators.

[0122] In some circumstances, the processor 102 and other devices rely on accurate WiFi location data stored in the database. However, it will be appreciated that database inaccuracies are often undetectable. The easiest way to identify incorrect data is to compare the WiFi location update with a GNSS fix from the same location. Because the monitoring device rarely receives simultaneous WiFi and GNSS location updates, false locations are possible. Therefore, the monitoring device can be configured to automatically use the Live Tracking Mode configuration, which relies on GNSS instead of WiFi, and is described in more detail herein.

[0123] If an accurate longitude and latitude cannot be determined from the WiFi metadata, or if the location's error radius exceeds a parametric value (e.g., 50m, although this distance is variable), the processor 102 obtains a GNSS fix. This is accomplished through the activation and utilization of one or more modules GPS modules 104. The GNSS fix is less preferred because it takes more time and consumes more battery life. GNSS location fixes can take anywhere from 20 seconds to 5 minutes.

[0124] When WiFi is unavailable, the processor 102 uses an RF switch to connect the antenna to the GNSS module (or another global navigation satellite based system) to obtain location data. In Live Tracking Mode, the monitoring platform (or its processor 102) primarily uses GNSS signals for location identification and tracking. GNSS provides highly accurate and predictable location data, but obtaining this data consumes significant battery life. If no GNSS signal is available (i.e., the device cannot receive signals from GNSS satellites), the processor uses available WiFi metadata. In Live Tracking Mode, the processor 102 configures the monitoring device to relay its location every five minutes. Thus, the information is providedto the remote mobile application, which then displays a map of the device's locations over a predetermined period (e.g., the last 30 minutes). This allows caregivers to track the device’s movements, such as when the wearer is traveling from home to school.

[0125] If GNSS is unavailable, software modules configure the processor 102 to use cellular network data. However, this data has a large error radius. When providing cellular network location data to a remote system, the processor 102 annotates the data with metadata indicating the error radius.

[0126] In another implementation, the monitoring device includes an Emergency Dispatch System (EDS). The monitoring device's processor 102 connects directly to a dedicated professional monitoring and emergency team. For example, the monitoring device communicates with one or more remote computers or servers 110 via an API that connects it directly to a live emergency response system.

[0127] In one or more implementations, the monitoring device 100 includes physical buttons (such as button 109) that the user can activate to alert the EDS and dispatch emergency services personnel. The monitoring device is configured, through suitably configured modules, to access Public Safety Answering Points (PSAPs). PSAPs are distributed throughout the United States and allow first responders to be dispatched to locations where aid or rescue is needed. It’s estimated there are roughly 6,100 PSAPs in the United States. A public-safety answering point (PSAP), sometimes called a public-safety access point, is a type of call center where the public's telephone calls for first responders (such as police, fire departments, or emergency medical services / ambulances) are received and handled. Examples include police stations, fire departments, and emergency medical services / ambulances.

[0128] In one arrangement, a user or remote monitor (e.g., a caregiver) can use a remote application (e.g., a mobile app) to initiate an emergency response request. In this arrangement a mobile application or server based application is utilized to communicate with the monitoring device 100 and obtain location data. This location data is then transmitted directly to emergency personnel. Alternatively, a user can directly trigger a emergency respond by selecting or interacting with the monitoring platform itself, without first utilizing the mobile application or server application. In this arrangement, pre-determined recipients ( such as care givers) are also notified of the triggering of an emergency response request, along with the actual emergency response personnel.

[0129] Regardless of the user initiating a location request, the server 110, running appropriate code, then requests a location update from the monitoring device 100. A specially formatted request from the emergency services server triggers the monitoring device 100 to obtain its current location. In one arrangement, upon receiving an emergency request from the server 110, the processor 102 first obtains a WiFi-based location fix and, failing that,obtains a GNSS location fix. Using this location data, the EDS system automatically dispatches personnel to the device's location.

[0130] In one arrangement, dispatched emergency services include autonomous vehicles (e.g., self-driving vehicles). In another configuration, dispatched personnel include emergency responders. The user or caregiver, therefore, does not need to contact state or local emergency services.

[0131] In one or more further configurations, the monitoring device, or its processor, can communicate with the remote mobile application by holding or triggering a user interface element on the device. For example, the housing of the monitoring device includes a button or switch that may be activated. For instance, the button is depressed for three seconds (i.e., one-way communication). When this action is performed, the mobile application receives a push notification indicating the SOS protocol has been activated. In one or more configurations where the device is configured with LEDs or optoelectronic elements (OLEDs, LCDs, etc.), these elements are activated in a flashing sequence or pattern. In a further arrangement, the LEDs or other elements light up upon depression or activation of the switch or interface and then activate again when the SOS request has been successfully received by the mobile application.

[0132] One or more configurations of the monitoring platform allow for a plurality of wearing and attachment styles. Options include wearing or styling the device with a lanyard, wristband, magnetic pin locks, and a pouch. Given the diverse sensory needs of the target population, these configurations allow the user and their caregiver to decide how best to utilize their version of the device. Likewise, using the described monitoring device with a wristband, a lanyard, and a locking pouch, which can be attached to a pocket, backpack, or other fabric items such as shoes, does not alter or impair its functionality.

[0133] In yet a further arrangement, the designed monitoring device 100 is configured to send its location data to one or more remote computers or servers 110. Depending on the configuration of the server side software, multiple recipients can be provided with the current location data and alerts relating to the monitoring platform. For example, one or more administrators or superusers of an individual account or collection of accounts registered with the remote computer or server 110 allows for multiple recipients and contact methods to be stored for a given monitoring device. For example, a single monitoring device 100 transmits it location data to the remote computer of server 110. From here, the remote computer or server 110 transmits this location data to multiple caregivers, parents, guardians and health care professions. Such alerts can be triggered to be displayed on a remote application operating on a smartphone of the recipient, or as text messages, emails or artificial intelligence-assisted voice calls.

[0134] Thus, in one or more implementations, wearable monitoring device and methods for determining the location of that wearable monitoring device are provided. For example, a method is provided for locating or identifying the location of a wearable monitoring device using one or more network and GPS transmitters and receivers. The method includes, in one particular implementation, obtaining location data from at least one radio frequency transceiver disposed in a housing of a wearable monitoring device configured to communicate with at least one communication network. The method further includes obtaining by a suitably configured processor, location data obtained from the radio frequency transceiver by evaluating the presence of a plurality of communication network antennas that enable communication with the at least one communication network using the at least one radio frequency transceiver. The method further includes, determining, based on the signal strength of one or more of the signals generated by the plurality of communication network antennas the relative location of the wearable monitoring device 100.

[0135] The method also includes, causing the processor to selectively activate the GPS device to obtain location data when location data cannot be obtained using the radio frequency transceiver. Once the processor (such as processor 102) has obtained the location data, using either the radio frequency transmitter or the GPS transceiver. The method further includes transmitting the obtained location data, using at least one radio frequency transceiver, to a remote server accessible to the at least one communication network.

[0136] Further methods include using a software appliance or application executed by a remote computer to establish a predetermined geographic area, or geofence. The software method further includes receiving data from a wearable monitoring device that includes the location of the wearable monitoring device and comparing the location of the wearable monitoring device to the predetermined area. Where a remote computer executing the software determines that the wearable monitoring device is outside the boundaries of the predetermined geographic area, the processor is configured to send an alert to one or more linked devices.

[0137] In yet a further implementation, a method is provided for scanning a geographic area for one or more wireless networks and associating a present wireless network with location data, such as GPS data. The method further includes providing a wireless location database for storing a name or other identifier associated with the wireless network and the location data associated therewith. In a further step, a suitably configured processor is configured to scan available wireless networks and send the network name or other identifier to a remote server or computer having access to the wireless location database. The remote computer or server is configured to return GPS coordinates in response to a query to the database that includes the wireless network name or other identifier.

[0138] In one arrangement, a wearable monitoring apparatus, is provided, where the wearable device includes:a housing adapted to be worn by a person; a global positioning system (GPS) device disposed within the housing; at least one radio frequency transceiver disposed in the housing configured to communicate with at least one communication network; a processor disposed in the housing, wherein the processor is configured to determine the location of the wearable monitoring apparatus by evaluating the presence of signals from a plurality of communication network antennas received by the at least one radio frequency transceiver and, determining generating, location data corresponding to the location of the wearable monitoring apparatus, and when the processor is unable to generate location data based on signals from the one or more communication network antennas, causing the GPS device to activate so as to obtain GPS location data and deactivate when the location data is obtained; the processor further configured to the transmit the obtained location data or GPS location data, using the at least one radio frequency transceiver, to a remote location; and a power supply connectable to the housing to provide power to the GPS, at least one radio frequency transceiver and processor.Further examples of Implementations envisioned are provided herein,

[0139] Implementation 1: A wearable monitoring apparatus comprises a housing adapted to be worn by a person; at least two radio frequency transceivers disposed in the housing, wherein a first radio frequency (RF) transceiver communicates with at least a first communication network, and a second radio frequency (RF) transceiver communicates with at least a second communication network, wherein the first and second communication networks operate in different frequency bands; an antenna disposed within an interior portion of the housing; and a processor. The processor is configured to cause the antenna to automatically couple to the first RF transceiver and request network location information from the first communication network and calculate the location of the monitoring apparatus using the network location information from the first communication network; automatically decouple the antenna from the first RF transceiver and couple the antenna to the second RF transceiver when the requested network location information from the first communication network is not available, and use the second network to request network location information and calculate the location of the monitoring apparatus; and transmit the obtained location data or GPS location data, using the first or second RF transceiver, to a remote location.

[0140] Implementation 2: The apparatus of any of the preceding implementations further comprises a global positioning system (GPS) device disposed within the housing; wherein the processor is further configured to automatically decouple the antenna from the first or second RF transceivers and couple the antenna to the GPS device to obtain location data for the wearable monitoring device.

[0141] Implementation 3: A wearable monitoring apparatus comprises a housing adapted to be worn by a person; a global positioning system (GPS) device disposed within the housing; at least two radio frequency transceivers disposed in the housing, wherein a first radio frequency (RF) transceiver communicates with at least a first communication network, and a second radio frequency (RF) transceiver communicates with at least a second communication network, wherein the first and second communication networks operate in different frequency bands; an antenna disposed within the housing; and a processor. The processor is configured to cause the antenna to automatically couple to the first RF transceiver and request network location information from the first communication network and calculate the location of the monitoring apparatus using the network location information; automatically decouple the antenna from the first RF transceiver and couple the antenna to the second RF transceiver when the requested network location information is not available, and use the second network to request network location information and calculate the location of the monitoring apparatus; when the processor is unable to generate location data based on signals from either the first or second communication networks, decouple the antenna from the second RF transceiver and couple the antenna to the GPS device to obtain GPS location data; and transmit the obtained location data or GPS location data, using the first or second RF transceiver, to a remote location.

[0142] Implementation 4: The wearable monitoring apparatus of any of the preceding implementations further comprises a power supply connectable to the housing and configured to provide power to the GPS device, the first and second RF transceivers, and the processor.

[0143] Implementation 5: The wearable monitoring apparatus of any of the preceding implementations, wherein the processor prioritizes determining the location of the wearable monitoring apparatus based on signals from the plurality of communication network antennas over obtaining GPS location data.

[0144] Implementation 6: The wearable monitoring apparatus of any of the preceding implementations, wherein the processor determines the location of the wearable monitoring apparatus by triangulating signals received from at least three communication network antennas.

[0145] Implementation 7: The wearable monitoring apparatus of any of the preceding implementations, wherein the processor estimates a level of accuracy associated with the determined location of the wearable monitoring apparatus based on a geometry of the at least three communication network antennas.

[0146] Implementation 8: The wearable monitoring apparatus of any of the preceding implementations, wherein the processor determines the location of the wearable monitoring apparatus by evaluating the presence of signals from a plurality of communication network antennas at pre-set time intervals, wherein the time interval is dynamically adjusted based onwhether a most recently determined location of the wearable monitoring apparatus is within a pre-determined geofenced area.

[0147] Implementation 9: The wearable monitoring apparatus of any of the preceding implementations further comprises a memory disposed within the housing and connected to the processor, wherein the memory stores the generated location data and the GPS location data prior to transmission.

[0148] Implementation 10: The wearable monitoring apparatus of any of the preceding implementations, wherein the processor transmits the stored location data and GPS location data at predetermined intervals.

[0149] Implementation 11: The wearable monitoring apparatus of any of the preceding implementations, wherein the at least one radio frequency transceiver communicates using a cellular communication network.

[0150] Implementation 12: The wearable monitoring apparatus of any of the preceding implementations, wherein the processor determines a time of obtaining the location data and the GPS location data and associates a timestamp with at least one of the generated location data and GPS location data.

[0151] Implementation 13: The wearable monitoring apparatus of any of the preceding implementations, wherein the housing is waterproof.

[0152] Implementation 14: The wearable monitoring apparatus of any of the preceding implementations, wherein the at least one radio frequency transceiver communicates with a cellular network.

[0153] Implementation 15: The wearable monitoring apparatus of any of the preceding implementations further comprises a heart rate monitor disposed within the housing and configured to transmit heart rate data to the processor.

[0154] Implementation 16: The wearable monitoring apparatus of any of the preceding implementations, wherein the processor sends an alert to the remote location when the battery level of the power supply falls below a predetermined threshold.

[0155] Implementation 17: The wearable monitoring apparatus of any of the preceding implementations, wherein the processor transmits the location data or GPS location data to a remote server; the remote server compares the received location data or GPS location data to a pre-determined geographic area; and the remote server sends an alert to at least one remote user device when the comparison determines that the location of the wearable monitoring apparatus is outside the pre-determined geographic area.

[0156] Implementation 18: A wearable monitoring apparatus comprises a housing adapted to be worn by a person; a global positioning system (GPS) device disposed within the housing; at least one radio frequency transceiver disposed in the housing configured to communicate with at least one communication network; a processor disposed in the housing,wherein the processor is configured to determine the location of the wearable monitoring apparatus by evaluating the presence of signals from a plurality of communication network antennas received by the at least one radio frequency transceiver and generating location data corresponding to the location, and when the processor is unable to generate location data based on signals from the communication network antennas, causing the GPS device to activate to obtain GPS location data and deactivate when the location data is obtained; the processor further configured to transmit the obtained location data or GPS location data, using the at least one radio frequency transceiver, to a remote location; and a power supply connectable to the housing to provide power to the GPS device, the at least one radio frequency transceiver, and the processor.

[0157] Implementation 19: A method of determining and transmitting location data by a wearable monitoring apparatus comprises receiving, by at least one radio frequency transceiver disposed within a housing of the wearable monitoring apparatus, signals from a plurality of communication network antennas; determining, by a processor disposed within the housing, the location of the wearable monitoring apparatus by evaluating the received signals; generating, by the processor, location data corresponding to the determined location; when the processor is unable to generate location data based on the signals from the plurality of communication network antennas, activating, by the processor, a GPS device disposed within the housing to obtain GPS location data; deactivating, by the processor, the GPS device when the GPS location data is obtained; transmitting, by the processor using the at least one radio frequency transceiver, the generated location data or the obtained GPS location data to a remote location; and providing power to the GPS device, the at least one radio frequency transceiver, and the processor via a power supply connectable to the housing.

[0158] Implementation 20: The method of any of the preceding implementations, wherein receiving signals from a plurality of communication network antennas and determining the location of the wearable monitoring apparatus is performed by the processor at pre-set time intervals, wherein the time interval is dynamically adjusted based on whether a most recently determined location of the wearable monitoring apparatus is within a pre-determined geofenced area.

[0159] Implementation 21: The wearable monitoring apparatus of any of the preceding implementations, wherein the processor transmits the location data or GPS location data to a remote server; the remote server compares the received location data or GPS location data to a pre-determined geographic area; and the remote server sends an alert to at least one remote user device when the comparison determines that the location of the wearable monitoring apparatus is outside the pre-determined geographic area.

[0160] It will be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as being “on", “connected to”, or “coupled to” another element or layer, it can be directly on, connected, orcoupled to the other element or layer or Intervening elements or layers may be present. In contrast, when an element Is referred to as being “directly on,” “directly connected to”, or “directly coupled to” another element or layer, there are no intervening elements or layers present. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0161] It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers, and / or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers, and / or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, or section from another region, layer, or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer, or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer, or section without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure.

[0162] Spatially relative terms, such as “beneath”, “below”, “lower”, “above”, “upper”, and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term “below” can encompass both an orientation of above and below. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.

[0163] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosed subject matter. As used herein, the singular forms, “a”, “an”, and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “includes” and / or “including”, when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0164] Exemplary embodiments of the disclosed subject matter are described herein with reference to cross-section illustrations that are schematic illustrations of idealized embodiments (and intermediate structures) of the disclosed subject matter. As such, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and / or tolerances, are to be expected. Thus, exemplary embodiments of the disclosed subject matter should not be construed as limited to the particular shapes of regionsillustrated herein but are to include deviations in shapes that result, for example, from manufacturing.

[0165] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

[0166] Hereinafter, the exemplary embodiments of present disclosure will be explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A wearable monitoring apparatus, comprising:a housing adapted to be worn by a person;at least two radio frequency transceivers disposed in the housing wherein a first radio frequency (RF) transceiver is configured to communicate with at least a first communication network; and wherein a second radio frequency (RF) transceiver is configured to communicate with at least a second communication network, wherein the first and second communications networks operate in different frequency bands;an antenna disposed within an interior portion of the housing;a processor, wherein the processor is configured to:cause the antenna to automatically couple to the first RF transceiver and request network location information from the first communication network and calculate the location of the monitoring apparatus using the network location information from the first communication network;automatically decouple the antenna from the first RF transceiver and couple the antenna to the second RF transceiver where when the requested network location information from the first communication network is not available, and using the second network, request network location information from the second communication network to and calculate the location of the monitoring apparatus using the network location information from the second communication network; andtransmit the obtained location data or GPS location data, using the at least the first or second RF transceiver, to a remote location.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a global positioning system (GPS) device disposed within the housing; wherein the processor is further configured to automatically decouple the antenna from the first or second RF transceivers and couple the antenna to the GPS device and obtain location data for the wearable monitoring device.

3. A wearabie monitoring apparatus, comprising:a housing adapted to be worn by a person;a global positioning system (GPS) device disposed within the housing;at least two radio frequency transceivers disposed in the housing, wherein a first radio frequency (RF) transceiver is configured to communicate with at least a first communication network; and wherein a second radio frequency (RF) transceiver is configured to communicate with at least a second communication network, wherein the first and second communications networks operate in different frequency bands; an antenna disposed within the housing;a processor disposed in the housing, wherein the processor is configured to:cause the antenna to automatically couple to the first RF transceiver and request network location information from the first communication network and calculate the location of the monitoring apparatus using the network location information,automatically decouple the antenna from the first RF transceiver and couple the antenna to the second RF transceiver where the requested network location information, and using the second network, request network location information and calculate the location of the monitoring apparatus using the network location information;when the processor is unable to generate location data based on signals from either the first or second communication networks, decouple the antenna from the second RF transceiver and couple the antenna to a GPS device to obtain GPS location data;transmit the obtained location data or GPS location data, using the at least the first or second RF transceiver, to a remote computing device.

4. The wearable monitoring apparatus of claim 3 further comprising a power supply connectable to the housing and configured to provide power to the GPS device, the at least first and second RF transceiver, and the processor.

5. The wearable monitoring apparatus of claim 3, wherein the processor is further configured to prioritize determining the location of the wearable monitoring apparatusbased on signals from the plurality of communication network antennas over obtaining GPS location data.

6. The wearable monitoring apparatus of claim 3, wherein the processor is configured to determine the location of the wearable monitoring apparatus by triangulating signals received from at least three communication network antennas.

7. The wearable monitoring apparatus of claim 4, wherein the processor is further configured to estimate a level of accuracy associated with the determined location of the wearable monitoring apparatus based on a geometry of the at least three communication network antennas.

8. The wearable monitoring apparatus of claim 3, wherein the processor is configured to determine the location of the wearable monitoring apparatus by evaluating the presence of signals from a plurality of communication network antennas at pre-set time intervals, wherein the time interval is dynamically adjusted based on whether a most recently determined location of the wearable monitoring apparatus is within a pre¬ determined geofenced area.

9. The wearable monitoring apparatus of claim 3, further comprising a memory disposed within the housing and connected to the processor, wherein the memory is configured to store the generated location data and the GPS location data prior to transmission 10. The wearable monitoring apparatus of claim 4, wherein the processor is configured to transmit the stored location data and GPS location data at predetermined intervals.

11. The wearable monitoring apparatus of claim 3, wherein the at least one radio frequency transceiver is configured to communicate using a cellular communication network.

12. The wearable monitoring apparatus of claim 3, wherein the processor is further configured to determine a time of obtaining the location data and the GPS location data, and associate a timestamp with the at least one of the generated location data and GPS location data.13.: The wearable monitoring apparatus of claim 3, wherein the processor is configured to control a RF switch so as to selectively couple the antenna to a one of the first and second RF transceivers.14.: The wearable monitoring apparatus of claim 3, further comprising a microcontroller configured to provide current to at least two battery terminals of the wearable monitoring apparatus and further configured to detect the presence of a liquid between the at least two battery terminals.15.: The wearable monitoring apparatus of claim 3, further comprising a heart rate monitor disposed within the housing and configured to transmit heart rate data to the processor.16.: The wearable monitoring apparatus of claim 3, wherein the processor is further configured to send an alert to a remote computer when the battery level of the power supply falls below a predetermined threshold.

17. The wearable monitoring apparatus of claim 3, wherein:a) the remote computing is configured to compare the received location data or GPS location data to a pre-determined geographic area; and b) the remote server is further configured to send an alert to at least one remote user device when the comparison determines that the location of the wearable monitoring apparatus is outside the pre-determined geographic area.

18. A method of determining and transmitting location data by a wearable monitoring apparatus, comprising:a) receiving, by at least one radio frequency transceiver disposed within a housing of the wearable monitoring apparatus, signals from a plurality of communication network antennas; b) determining, by a processor disposed within the housing, the location of the wearable monitoring apparatus by evaluating the received signals;c) generating, by the processor, location data corresponding to the determined location; d) when the processor is unable to generate location data based on the signals from the plurality of communication network antennas, activating, by the processor, a GPS device disposed within the housing to obtain GPS location data;e) deactivating, by the processor, the GPS device when the GPS location data is obtained; f) transmitting, by the processor using the at least one radio frequency transceiver, the generated location data or the obtained GPS location data to a remote location; and g) providing power to the GPS device, the at least one radio frequency transceiver, and the processor via a power supply connectable to the housing.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the step of receiving signals from a plurality of communication network antennas and determining the location of the wearable monitoring apparatus is performed by the processor at pre-set time intervals, wherein the time interval is dynamically adjusted based on whether a most recently determined location of the wearable monitoring apparatus is within a pre-determined geofenced area.

20. The wearable monitoring apparatus of claim 19, wherein:a) the processor is configured to transmit the location data or GPS location data to a remote server;b) the remote server is configured to compare the received location data or GPS location data to a pre-determined geographic area; andc) the remote server is further configured to send an alert to at least one remote user device when the comparison determines that the location of the wearable monitoring apparatus is outside the pre-determined geographic area.

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