Devices and methods for communication
By adapting sensing resource types based on RRC states and managing data transmissions, the integration of sensing and communication in 5G systems is optimized, addressing inefficiencies in current technologies and reducing power consumption.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/076811
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-07
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-14
AI Technical Summary
Current technologies face challenges in efficiently integrating sensing and communication functions in 5G systems, particularly in managing different RRC states and sensing stages to optimize resource allocation and reduce power consumption.
A first device receives configuration information for sensing resources from a second device, adapting resource types based on its RRC state, and performs sensing functions accordingly, while also managing data transmissions using specific modulation and coding schemes.
This approach optimizes resource allocation and reduces power consumption by aligning sensing operations with RRC states, enhancing the integration of sensing and communication functions in 5G systems.
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Figure CN2024076811_14082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICES AND METHODS FOR COMMUNICATION
[0001] FIELDS
[0002] Example embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of communication techniques and in particular, to devices and methods for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) .BACKGROUND
[0003] Technology of ISAC has been agreed to be supported in the 5th generation mobile communication technology (5G) and is expected to play a crucial role in the future of many industries. Recently, more studies and discussions have been made about the use cases and potential requirements for enhancement of the 5G system to provide ISAC services addressing different target verticals / applications, e.g., autonomous / assisted driving, vehicle to everything (V2X) , aviation / unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) , three-dimensional (3D) map reconstruction, smart city / factories, public sectors, healthcare, smart home, maritime sector and so on.SUMMARY
[0004] In general, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) .
[0005] In a first aspect, there is provided a first device comprising: a processor configured to cause the first device to: receive, from a second device, configuration information used for indicating sensing resources to be used by the first device; and perform sensing function based on the sensing resources, wherein, in a case that the first device is in a radio resource control (RRC) _connected state, a resource type of the sensing resources is one of a first set of resource types, in a case that the first device is an RRC state rather than the RRC_connected state, the resource type is one of a further set of resource types different from the first set of resource types.
[0006] In a second aspect, there is provided a first device comprising: a processor configured to cause the first device to: during a sensing duration comprising a plurality of sensing resources, perform at least one of the following: not expecting any data transmission is performed during the sensing duration; in accordance with a determination that there is no sensing transmission on a sensing resource of the plurality of sensing resources, performing a data transmission on the sensing resource by using a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS) different from a second MCS used for a data transmission beyond the sensing duration, or in accordance with a determination that there is no sensing transmission on the plurality of sensing resources, performing a data transmission on the plurality of sensing resource by using a first MCS same as a second MCS used for a data transmission beyond the sensing duration.
[0007] In a third aspect, there is provided a second device comprising: a processor configured to cause the second device to: generate configuration information used for indicating sensing resources to be used by a first device; and transmit the configuration information to the first device, wherein, in a case that the first device is the in a radio resource control (RRC) _connected state, a resource type of the sensing resources is one of a first set of resource types, in a case that the first device is an RRC state rather than the RRC_connected state, the resource type is one of a further set of resource types different from the first set of resource types.
[0008] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a first device. The method comprises: receiving, from a second device, configuration information used for indicating sensing resources to be used by the first device; and performing sensing function based on the sensing resources, wherein, in a case that the first device is the in a radio resource control (RRC) _connected state, a resource type of the sensing resources is one of a first set of resource types, in a case that the first device is an RRC state rather than the RRC_connected state, the resource type is one of a further set of resource types different from the first set of resource types.
[0009] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a first device. The method comprises: during a sensing duration comprising a plurality of sensing resources, performing at least one of the following: not expecting any data transmission is performed during the sensing duration; in accordance with a determination that there is no sensing transmission on a sensing resource of the plurality of sensing resources, performing a data transmission on the sensing resource by using a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS) different from a second MCS used for a data transmission beyond the sensing duration, or in accordance with a determination that there is no sensing transmission on the plurality of sensing resources, performing a data transmission on the plurality of sensing resource by using a first MCS same as a second MCS used for a data transmission beyond the sensing duration.
[0010] In a sixth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a second device. The method comprises: generating configuration information used for indicating sensing resources to be used by a first device; and transmitting the configuration information to the first device, wherein, in a case that the first device is the in an RRC_connected state, a resource type of the sensing resources is one of a first set of resource types, in a case that the first device is an RRC state rather than the RRC_connected state, the resource type is one of a further set of resource types different from the first set of resource types.
[0011] In a seventh aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to carry out the method according to the fourth, fifth, or sixth aspect.
[0012] Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] Through the more detailed description of some example embodiments of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent, wherein:
[0014] FIG. 1A illustrates an example communication environment in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0015] FIG. 1B illustrates schematic diagrams of six example sensing modes in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0016] FIG. 2 illustrates example blocks of different RRC states and sensing stages in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0017] FIG. 3 illustrates an example block of state switching in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0018] FIGS. 4 to 6 illustrates flowcharts of a method implemented at a first device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0019] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a second device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0020] FIG. 8 illustrates a simplified block diagram of an apparatus that is suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0021] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0022] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. Embodiments described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0023] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0024] As used herein, the term ‘terminal device’ refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of the terminal device include, but not limited to, user equipment (UE) , personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, internet of things (IoT) devices, Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of Everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, devices on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure / network, devices for Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) , Space borne vehicles or Air borne vehicles in Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including Satellites and High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) encompassing Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) , eXtended Reality (XR) devices including different types of realities such as Augmented Reality (AR) , Mixed Reality (MR) and Virtual Reality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) commonly known as a drone which is an aircraft without any human pilot, devices on high speed train (HST) , or image capture devices such as digital cameras, sensors, gaming devices, music storage and playback appliances, or Internet appliances enabling wireless or wired Internet access and browsing and the like. The ‘terminal device’ can further have ‘multicast / broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4 / IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also incorporate one or multiple Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) as known as Multi-SIM. The term “terminal device” can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.
[0025] The term “network device” refers to a device which is capable of providing or hosting a cell or coverage where terminal devices can communicate. Examples of a network device include, but not limited to, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an IAB node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , and the like.
[0026] The terminal device or the network device may have Artificial intelligence (AI) or Machine learning capability. It generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some information.
[0027] The terminal or the network device may work on several frequency ranges, e.g., FR1 (e.g., 450 MHz to 6000 MHz) , FR2 (e.g., 24.25GHz to 71GHz) , frequency band larger than 100 GHz as well as Tera Hertz (THz) . It can further work on licensed / unlicensed / shared spectrum. The terminal device may have more than one connection with the network devices under Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity (MR-DC) application scenario. The terminal device or the network device can work on full duplex, flexible duplex and cross division duplex modes.
[0028] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed in test equipment, e.g., signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test terminal device, test network device, channel emulator. In some embodiments, the terminal device may be connected with a first network device and a second network device. One of the first network device and the second network device may be a master node and the other one may be a secondary node. The first network device and the second network device may use different radio access technologies (RATs) . In some embodiments, the first network device may be a first RAT device and the second network device may be a second RAT device. In some embodiments, the first RAT device is eNB and the second RAT device is gNB. Information related with different RATs may be transmitted to the terminal device from at least one of the first network device or the second network device. In some embodiments, first information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the first network device and second information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device. In some embodiments, information related with configuration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted from the second network device via the first network device. Information related with reconfiguration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device.
[0029] As used herein, the singular forms ‘a’ , ‘an’ and ‘the’ are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term ‘includes’ and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean ‘includes, but is not limited to. ’ The term ‘based on’ is to be read as ‘at least in part based on. ’ The term ‘one embodiment’ and ‘an embodiment’ are to be read as ‘at least one embodiment. ’ The term ‘another embodiment’ is to be read as ‘at least one other embodiment. ’ The terms ‘first, ’ ‘second, ’ and the like may refer to different or same objects. Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0030] In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as ‘best, ’ ‘lowest, ’ ‘highest, ’ ‘minimum, ’ ‘maximum, ’ or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0031] As used herein, the term “resource, ” “transmission resource, ” “uplink resource, ” or “downlink resource” may refer to any resource for performing a communication, or performing a sensing, such as a resource in time domain, a resource in frequency domain, a resource in space domain, a resource in code domain, or any other resource enabling a communication or sensing, and the like. In the following, unless explicitly stated, a resource in both frequency domain and time domain will be used as an example of a transmission resource for describing some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that example embodiments of the present disclosure are equally applicable to other resources in other domains.
[0032] As discussed above, ISAC has been agreed to be supported in the 5G. ISAC is a technology aiming to integrate sensing functions into the current communication system. With the sensing functions, it is enabled the network to “see” the world through the wireless signal and other inputs to connect the physical world with the digital world. Thus, the ISAC arises a great interesting around the world and expected to play a crucial role in the future of many industries.
[0033] Currently, more studies and discussions have been made about the use cases (such as, behaviour recognition, gesture recognition, health monitor, fall detection, integration of automotive radar and localization and tracking) . In the future, many sensing services will be supported in the limited spectrum.
[0034] In addition to the use cases, another focus of the ISAC study is to define channel modelling to support object detection and / or tracking. The study aims at a common modelling framework capable of detecting and / or tracking the following example objects and to enable them to be distinguished from unintended objects: UAVs, humans indoors and outdoors, automotive vehicles (at least outdoors) , automated guided vehicles (e.g. in indoor factories) , objects creating hazards on roads / railways, with a minimum size dependent on frequency and so on.
[0035] For ease of discussion, some terms used in the following description are listed as below:
[0036] sensing transmitter: a sensing transmitter is the entity that sends out the sensing signal which the sensing service will use in its operation. A sensing transmitter is an NR RAN / network device node or a UE / terminal device. A sensing transmitter can be located in the same or different entity as the sensing receiver;
[0037] sensing receiver: a sensing receiver is an entity that receives the sensing signal which the sensing service will use in its operation. A sensing receiver is an NR RAN / network device node or a UE / terminal device. A sensing receiver can be located in the same or different entity as the Sensing transmitter;
[0038] first device: a sensing node / device, may be a sensing transmitter and / or a sensing receiver. In the present disclosure, the first device may be a terminal device or a gNB;
[0039] second device: a sensing function device / entity that may manage sensing services. The second device may be implemented at a network device (such as, a gNB) or a core network device (such as, an LMF, an SMF and so on) ;
[0040] signals reflected by an object: any sensing signals from the object that may be used for sensing the object. The signals may be reflected signals, scattered signals, refracted signals, diffracted signals and so on.
[0041] It should be understood that the sensing function discussed herein refers to a feature / function for sensing other targets / objects. That is, the sensing measurements for itself (for example, positioning its own location) should be based on the legacy procedure. The present disclosure does not aim to improve the sensing function for itself (such as, a legacy positioning procedure) .
[0042] In the present disclosure, the sensing stage refers to a sensing procedure / state, and different sensing stages may be different from each other in terms of sensing resources, sensing measurements, sensing requirement, sensing performance and so on.
[0043] Principles and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0044] Example Environments
[0045] FIG. 1A illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication environment 100A in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. In the communication environment 100A, a plurality of communication devices, including a second device 120, a first device 110-1 and an optional device 110-2 may communicate with each other. Further, the communication environment 100A also may comprise one or more optional objects 130-1 and 130-2 to be sensed. Objects 130-1 and 130-2 also may be referred to as targets 130-1 and 130-2 sometimes.
[0046] For a better discussion, the first devices 110-1 and 110-2 are individually or collectively referred to as the first device 110, and the objects 130-1 and 130-2 are individually or collectively referred to as the object 130.
[0047] In the example of FIG. 1A, the first device 110 may be a sensing node / device, such as, a sensing transmitter and / or a sensing receiver. In some embodiments, the first device 110 may be a terminal device or a gNB.
[0048] In the example of FIG. 1A, the second device 120 may be a sensing function device / entity that may manage sensing services. In some embodiments, the second device 120 may be implemented at a network device (such as, a gNB) or a core network device (such as, an LMF, an SMF and so on) .
[0049] It is to be understood that the number of devices and their connections shown in FIG. 1A are only for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitation. The communication environment 100A may include any suitable number of devices configured to implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0050] The communications in the communication environment 100A may conform to any suitable standards including, but not limited to, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Evolution, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , New Radio (NR) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN) , Machine Type Communication (MTC) and the like. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, 5.5G, 5G-Advanced networks, or the sixth generation (6G) networks.
[0051] In the communication environment 100A, at least the six sensing modes may be supported. Reference is now made to FIG. 1B, which illustrates schematic diagrams 100B of six example sensing modes in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure, i.e.,
[0052] ● gNB-based mono-static sensing mode: sensing signal is transmitted by a network node, e.g., gNB, and received / measured by the network node itself, may be referred to as transmission and receiving point (TRP) mono-static mode sometimes;
[0053] ● gNB-based bi-static sensing mode: sensing signal is transmitted by network node A and received / measured by network node B, may be referred to as TRP-TRP bi-static sensing mode sometimes;
[0054] ● gNB-to-UE-based bi-static sensing mode: sensing signal is transmitted by a network node and received / measured by UE, may be referred to as UE-TRP bi-static mode sometimes;
[0055] ● UE-to-gNB-based bi-static sensing mode: sensing signal is transmitted by UE and received / measured by the UE itself, may be referred to as TRP-UE bi-static mode sometimes;
[0056] ● UE-based mono-static sensing mode: sensing signal is transmitted by UE and received / measured by the network node, may be referred to as UE mono-static mode sometimes;
[0057] ● UE-based bi-static sensing mode: sensing signal is transmitted by UE A and received / measured by UE B, may be referred to as UE-UE bi-static mode sometimes.
[0058] Further, the above sensing modes may be used in any combination or separately.
[0059] Work Principle and Example Signaling for Communication
[0060] As discussed above, the ISAC is a technology aiming to integrate sensing functions into the current communication system. As a result, the sending node in the ISAC scenario needs to perform both a sensing function and a communication function.
[0061] When performing the communication function, in order to save power consumption, a device may be operated in different RRC states (also call as communication states sometimes) . Further, when performing the sensing function, in order to meet different sensing requirements, a device may be operated in different sensing stages, where during different sensing stages, different sensing operations may be performed, different measurements may be reported and different types of resources may be configured.
[0062] Reference is now made to FIG. 2, which illustrates example blocks 200 of different RRC states and sensing stages in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0063] As illustrated in FIG. 2, the first device 110 may be operated in different RRC states, including RRC_CONNECTED (RRC_connected) state, RRC_INACTIVE (RRC_inactive) state and RRC_IDLE (RRC_idle) state.
[0064] Further, the first device 11 may be operated in different sensing stages, such as, including: a first sensing stage, a second sensing stage, and a third sensing stage. It should be understood that in the other embodiments, more or less sensing stages may be comprised. In present disclosure is not limited in the regard of how to divide the different sensing stages.
[0065] As discussed above, during different sensing stages, different sensing operations may be performed and different types of resources may be configured. Some example embodiments about the different sensing stages are discussed as below.
[0066] In the example of FIG. 2, the sensing stage may be a first sensing stage, where if the first device 110 is in the first sensing stage, the first device 110 performs at least one of the following:
[0067] ● not transmitting sensing signals for sensing an object; or
[0068] ● de-prioritizing a priority of recourse configured for sensing an object or an area.
[0069] The first sensing stage also may be referred to as sensing idle stage, and the sensing function may be turned off if the first device 110 is operated in the sensing idle stage.
[0070] In some embodiments, if the first device 110 is in the first sensing stage, as for the RX device of the first device 110, there is no measurement and no reporting based on sensing signal reflected by other targets / objects; as for the TX device of the first device 110, there is no transmission of sensing signal for sensing other objects.
[0071] Further, the priority of resources / time window configured for sensing other targets / objects is considered to be the lowest if there is any resource / time window configured during the sense idle stage, which means that the resource for sensing is de-prioritized. In this event, if the resources / time window is collided with channels / reference signals for communication or its own positioning procedure, the first device 110 is not expected to receive or transmit the sensing signal for sensing other objects.
[0072] In the example of FIG. 2, the sensing stage also may be a second sensing stage, where if the first device 110 is in the second sensing stage, the first device 110 performs at least one of the following:
[0073] ● detecting an object 130 to be sensed by measuring sensing signals transmitted on at least one periodic or semi-persistent resource; or
[0074] ● transmitting sensing signal to detect an object 130 on at least one periodic or semi-persistent resource; or
[0075] ● not reporting measurement or sensing results.
[0076] The second sensing stage also may be referred to as a sensing scan stage, where if the first device 110 is in the second sensing stage, the first device 110 is operated in a low power consumption for sensing, and not report may measurement or sensing results. In other words, the first device 110 may detect objects periodically based on configured resource, but does not report the measurement or sensing results, or may transmit sensing signal periodically based on configured resource.
[0077] In the example of FIG. 2, the sensing stage may be a third sensing stage, where if the first device 110 is in the third sensing stage, the first device 110 performs at least one of the following:
[0078] ● transmitting sensing signal for detecting at least one object,
[0079] ● detecting at least one object;
[0080] ● measuring sensing signals reflected by an object,
[0081] ● reporting measurement or sensing results, or
[0082] ● tracking the at least one object.
[0083] The third sensing stage also may be referred to as sensing normal stage, if the first device 110 is in the third sensing stage, the first device 110 may perform transmitting, detecting, tracking, measuring and reporting.
[0084] In some embodiments, the third sensing stage may be divided into a plurality of sub-stages. One example sub-stage is a first sub-stage, where the first device 110 may act as a sensing node for detecting at least one object 130 during the first sub-stage. Another example sub-stage is a second sub-stage, where the first device 110 may act as a sensing node for tracking at least one detected object 130 in a coarse manner during the second sub-stage. A further example sub-stage is a third sub-stage, where the first device 110 may act as a sensing node for tracking at least one detected object 130 in a fine manner during the third sub-stage.
[0085] As used herein, operation of “detecting at least one object” refers to the first device 110 performs at least one of the following: transmitting sensing signals for detecting the object (s) , receiving (and / or measuring) sensing signals for detecting the object (s) , or determining the presence of the object (s) . Further, operation of “tracking at least one detected object” refers to the first device 110 performs at least one of the following: transmitting sensing signals for tracking the object (s) , receiving (and / or measuring) sensing signals for tracking the object (s) , or determining tracking information of the object (s) .
[0086] According to the above discussions, the behaviors of the first device 110 should be constrained by both the RRC state and the sensing stage. Further, there should be associations / mapping between the RRC states and sensing stages. According to the present disclosure, behaviors of the first device 110 under the ISAC is well stipulated by considering both the RRC state and the sensing stage.
[0087] Reference is made to FIG. 3, which illustrates a signaling flow 300 for communication in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 300 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B, for example, by using the first device 110 and the second device 120.
[0088] In the following descriptions, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0089] It is to be understood that the operations at the first device 110 and the second device 120 should be coordinated. In other words, the second device 120 and the first device 110 should have common understanding about configurations, parameters and so on. Such common understanding may be implemented by any suitable interactions between the second device 120 and the first device 110 or both the second device 120 and the first device 110 applying the same rule / policy. In the following, although some operations are described from a perspective of the first device 110, it is to be understood that the corresponding operations should be performed by the second device 120. Similarly, although some operations are described from a perspective of the second device 120, it is to be understood that the corresponding operations should be performed by the first device 110. Merely for brevity, some of the same or similar contents are omitted here.
[0090] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may be operated as a terminal device or a network device (gNB) and the second device 120 may be operated as a network device (gNB) , an LMF or an SMF and so on.
[0091] In operation, the first device 110 receives 310 configuration information used for indicating sensing resources to be used by the first device 110 from the second device 120. Then the first device 110 performs 330 a sensing function based on the sensing resources.
[0092] According to the present discourse, in a case that the first device 110 is the in an RRC_connected state, a resource type of the sensing resources is one of a first set of resource types, and in a case that the first device 110 is an RRC state rather than the RRC_connected state, the resource type is one of a further set of resource types different from the first set of resource types.
[0093] In some embodiments, in a case that the first device 110 is in the RRC_connected state, the resource type is one of the first set of resource types comprising periodic, semi-persistent, and aperiodic. Further, in a case that the first device 110 is in the RRC_connected state, the first device 110 may be operated in the first sensing stage, the second sensing stage and the third sensing stage.
[0094] Alternatively, in some embodiments, in a case that the first device 110 is in an RRC_inactive state, the resource type is one of the second set of resource types comprising periodic, semi-persistent. Further, in a case that the first device 110 is in the RRC_inactive state, the first device 110 may be operated in the first sensing stage, the second sensing stage and the third sensing stage.
[0095] Alternatively, in some embodiments, in a case that the first device 110 is in an RRC_idle state, the resource type is one of the third set of resource types comprising periodic. Further, in a case that the first device 110 is in the RRC_idle state, the first device 110 may be operated in the first sensing stage and the second sensing stage.
[0096] In some embodiments, in a case that the first device is operated in a first sensing stage, the first device 110 may be the RRC_connected state, an RRC_inactive state or an RRC_idle state.
[0097] Alternatively, in some embodiments, in a case that the first device is operated in a second sensing stage, the first device 110 may be the RRC_connected state, the RRC_inactive state or the RRC_idle state.
[0098] Alternatively, in some embodiments, in a case that the first device is operated in a third sensing stage, the first device 110 may be the RRC_connected state or the RRC_inactive state.
[0099] In some embodiments, if the first device 110 is in the RRC_connected state or RRC_inactive state and the configuration information indicates the sensing resources for a second sensing stage, the sensing resources is periodic or semi-persistent.
[0100] The resource configuration for the case that the first device 110 is in the RRC_connected state and the second sensing stage is discussed in detail as below.
[0101] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may receive a configuration message (such as, RRC) from the second device 120, where the configuration message comprising a plurality of resource identities corresponding to a plurality of sensing resources. Then, the first device 110 may receive an activation or deactivation message (such as, MAC CE / DCI) from the second device 120, where the activation or deactivation message comprises at least one resource identity of plurality of resource identities.
[0102] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the first device 110 may receive a configuration message from the second device 120, where the configuration message comprises a plurality of set identities corresponding to the plurality of resource sets, where each resource set comprises at least one sensing resource. Then, the first device 110 may receive an activation or deactivation message from the second device 120, where the activation or deactivation message comprising at least one set identity of the plurality of set identities. In particular, the resources in a same resource set are associated with at least one same parameter comprising at least one of the following:
[0103] ● a start position of sensing resource,
[0104] ● a periodicity of sensing resource,
[0105] ● an offset of sensing resource in time domain or frequency domain,
[0106] ● a duration of the periodic resource,
[0107] ● a subcarrier spacing (SCS) of the periodic resource,
[0108] ● a priority of the periodic resource, or
[0109] ● a comb offset or comb size of sensing resource frequency domain or a step size of sensing resource in time domain.
[0110] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the first device 110 may receive a configuration message from the second device 120, where the configuration message comprises a plurality of list identities corresponding to the plurality of resource lists, where each resource list comprises at least one resource set. Then, the first device 110 may receive an activation or deactivation message from the second device 120, where the activation or deactivation message comprises at least one list identity of the plurality of list identities. In particular, resources in a same resource set are associated with at least one same first parameter comprising at least one of the following:
[0111] ● a start position of sensing resource,
[0112] ● a periodicity of sensing resource,
[0113] ● an offset of sensing resource in time domain or frequency domain,
[0114] ● a duration of the periodic resource,
[0115] ● a subcarrier spacing (SCS) of the periodic resource,
[0116] ● a priority of the periodic resource, or
[0117] ● a comb offset or comb size of sensing resource in frequency domain or a step size of sensing resource in time domain.
[0118] Further, resources in a same resource list are associated with at least one same second parameter, the at least one same second parameter is a subset of the at least one same first parameter.
[0119] In some embodiments, if the first device 110 fails to receive the activation message, or if the first device 110 doesn’ t receive the activation message, the first device 110 may determine the sensing resources for performing the sensing function from sensing resources indicated in the configuration message according to a default rule.
[0120] In some embodiments, the configuration information may further indicate beam-related information, and the beam-related information may be associated with one of the following: a specific sensing resource, a specific resource set, or a specific resource list.
[0121] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the beam-related information may comprise at least one of the following:
[0122] ● a beam index,
[0123] ● location-related information, and the location may include a general location of the target or target area relative to the sensing node
[0124] ● angle-related information, or
[0125] ● quasi co-location (QCL) information.
[0126] In order to better understand the above processes, further embodiments will be discussed as below.
[0127] In some embodiments, if the first device 110 is in the RRC_connected state, the resource allocation / sensing resource may be indicated by RRC, MAC CE and / or DCI. For example, an RRC signalling may be used to configure at least one sensing resource / resource set / resource list. Additionally, if a first condition is met (such as, the number of sensing resources / resource sets / resource lists is ‘1’ ) , the sensing resource / resource set / resource list configured by the RRC signalling may be used by the first device 110 directly without any further following internation.
[0128] For another example, a MAC CE may be used to activate / didactive the sensing resource / resource set / resource list configured by the RRC signalling. The first device 110 may use the sensing resource / resource set / resource list activated by the MAC CE.
[0129] For a further example, DCI also may be used indicate the sensing resource / resource set / resource list configured by the RRC signalling.
[0130] In summary, any suitable signaling or signalling combination may be used to enabling the sensing resource allocation. The present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0131] In some embodiments, if the first device 110 is in the RRC_connected state and in the second sensing stage, the second device 110 may configure one or more periodical or semi-persistent sensing resources via the RRC signalling according to the capability of sensing nodes, and activate / deactivate one or more of the sensing resources via MAC CE according to the sensing requirement.
[0132] As one example, an RRC signaling configures {resource 0, resource 1, …, resource N} , where N is an integer, such as, N<=15. In this event, a field (such as, 4 bits) in a MAC CE may be used to activate / deactivate the resource (s) configured via the RRC signaling.
[0133] In some embodiments, each resource may be indicated by {periodicity, offset (such as, start slot / symbol within a start slot) , length (such as, a number of slots / symbols) , a reference SCS, a priority, a related symbol interval between two adjacent sensing symbols, a number of RBs, an offset in frequency domain (such as, a start RB / RE) , a comb size in frequency domain} . It should be understood that one or more of these parameters may be absent and one or more other parameters may be added. The present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0134] As another example, an RRC signaling configures M resource sets, where M may be is smaller than or equal to a second number (such as, 4) , and each resource set includes one or more sensing resources. Further, the number of sensing resources comprised in one set is smaller than or equal to a third number (such as, 4) . Then the MAC CE may activate / deactivate the resource set (such as, 2-bits are used) . In some embodiments, resources in a same set share the periodicity, offset, and / or reference SCS.
[0135] As a further example: an RRC signaling configures K resource lists, where each resource lists includes one or more resource sets, and each resource set includes one or more sensing resources. Then, the MAC CE may activate / deactivate the configured resource list. In some embodiments, the resource sets in a same list may share the periodicity, and / or reference SCS, and resources in a same resource set may share the offset.
[0136] As a further example: an RRC signaling configures K resource lists, where each resource lists includes one or more resource sets, and each resource set includes one or more sensing resources. Then, the MAC CE may activate / deactivate a q-th configured resource set in each resource list, wherein resource set in a resource list is ordered ascend according to the set index. In some embodiments, the resource sets in a same list may share the periodicity, and / or reference SCS, and resources in a same resource set may share the offset.
[0137] In some embodiments, the RRC signaling may configure a default sensing resource or a default resource set or a default resource list. If so, when there is no MAC CE signaling is received, then the default sensing resource or the default resource set or the default resource list configured via RRC signaling may be applied.
[0138] In some embodiments, beam information may be indicated per resource set or per resource for frequency range 2 (FR2) or frequency range higher than FR2. Additionally, in some embodiments, more than one beam may be configured in a sensing scanning occasion for FR2, or at least two different beams are configured for the resources used for sensing scanning.
[0139] In the following, embodiments about a scenario where the first device 110 is in the RRC_connected state and is operated in the third sensing stage are discussed.
[0140] In some embodiments, the first device 110 is in the RRC_connected state and is operated in the third sensing stage, the sensing resources may be aperiodic, periodic or semi-persistent.
[0141] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may receive a configuration message from the second device 120, where the configuration message comprises a sensing resource table comprising a plurality of resource indexes corresponding to a plurality of sensing resources. Then, the first device 110 may receive an indication indicating at least one resource index in the resource table from the second device 120.
[0142] In some embodiments, the configuration information may further indicate beam-related information comprising at least one of the following:
[0143] ● a beam index,
[0144] ● location-related information, and the location may include a general location of the target or target area relative to the sensing node,
[0145] ● angle-related information,
[0146] ● quasi co-location (QCL) information,
[0147] ● an angle of arrival of sensing signal reception, or
[0148] ● an angle of departure of sensing signal transmission.
[0149] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, in order to ensure the second device 120 may configure proper beam-related information for the first device 110, the first device 110 may provide assistant information to the second device 120. Specifically, in some embodiments, prior to receiving the configuration information, the first device 110 may transmit at least one of the following to the second device 120: estimated location information of an object to be sensed or the related information, such as transmission delay or time difference, or estimated angle information of an object to be sensed, or the related information, such as RSRP.
[0150] In order to better understand the above processes, further embodiments will be discussed as below.
[0151] In some embodiments, if the first device 110 is in the RRC_connected state and is operated in the third sensing stage, most of the sensing resources may be is aperiodicity, and / or semi-persistent.
[0152] In a case of aperiodic sensing resource, the RRC configures a resource table including multiple sensing resource indexes, and each index is associated with one sensing resource, then a DCI may indicate an index for the sensing resource.
[0153] In some embodiments, for sub-stage of the third sensing stage, a beam direction / information may be indicated together with the sensing resources if needed or possible.
[0154] In some embodiments, location or angle information may be estimated in the second sensing stage, and such information may be used to assist beam direction / information indication / configuration in the sub-stage (s) of the third sensing stage.
[0155] Alternatively, location or angle information may be estimated in first sub-stage of the third sensing stage, and such information may be used to assist beam direction / information indication / configuration in second and / or third sub-stage of the third sensing stage.
[0156] In some embodiments, the beam information may be indicated via beam index, or QCL information, or estimated angle of arrival for DL transmission, or angle of departure for UL transmission and the likes.
[0157] When in the first device 110 is in the RRC_connected state, the processes for configuring semi-persistent sensing resource to be used in the third sensing state is similar with that for the second sensing stage, except for the semi-persistent sensing resource for the third sensing stage may be configured with a smaller periodicity than that for the second sensing stage.
[0158] In the following, embodiments about a scenario where the first device 110 is in an RRC_inactive state will be discussed.
[0159] In some embodiments, if the first device 110 is in an RRC_inactive state, the second device 120 may transmit an RRC signalling comprising the configuration information to the first device 110, where the sensing resources indciated by the configuration information is periodic sensing resources or semi-persistent sensing resources.
[0160] In some embodiments, if the resource type of the sensing resources is semi-persistent, the configuration information may further indicate a valid duration of the semi-persistent configuration.
[0161] In some embodiments, the configuration information may indicate at least one of the following:
[0162] ● a first resource used for transmitting sensing signals to be received by a second device 120,
[0163] ● a second resource used for transmitting sensing signals to be received by a further first device 110,
[0164] ● a third resource used for receiving sensing signals transmitted by a second device 120
[0165] ● a fourth resource used for receiving sensing signals transmitted by a further first device 110,
[0166] ● a fifth resource used for transmitting and receiving sensing signals by itself,
[0167] ● a first bandwidth part associated with the first resource,
[0168] ● a second bandwidth part associated with the second resource,
[0169] ● a third bandwidth part associated with the third resource,
[0170] ● a fourth bandwidth part associated with the fourth resource, or
[0171] ● a fifth bandwidth part associated with the fifth resource.
[0172] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, if the first device 110 is in an RRC_inactive state, the first device 110 may be allowed to be configured with more sensing resources.
[0173] In view of this, in some embodiments, the maximum number of (uplink) sensing resources for positioning allowed to be configured is a first number, and if the first device 110 is in an RRC_inactive state, the maximum number of sensing resources allowed to be configured is a second number, where the second number may be larger than the first number.
[0174] In order to better understand the above processes, further embodiments will be discussed as below.
[0175] In some embodiments, both the second sensing stage and the third sensing stage may be performed in the RRC_inactive state.
[0176] In some embodiments, if the first device is in the RRC_inactive state, the sensing resource allocation only supports periodic resources or semi-persistent resources. Further, for semi-persistent resources, information about application time duration may be indicated as an additional parameter, in terms of slots or ms or subframe or frame.
[0177] In some embodiments, BWP and resource may be configured for difference sensing mode, for example, comprising one or more of the following:
[0178] ● UL1: UL transmission to gNB;
[0179] ● UL2: UL transmission to another UE;
[0180] ● Self: Tx and Rx at a same node;
[0181] ● DL1: DL receiving from gNB;
[0182] ● DL2: DL receiving from another UE;
[0183] In some embodiments, the sensing resources may be indicated by SSRS-Inactive and / or SSRS-InactiveValidityArea which is comprise in IE suspend in the RRCRelease message, wherein SSRS denotes sensing RS, it may be a dedicated sensing RS, or may be the legacy RS for communication, such as PRS or SRS. Below are examples of SSRS-RRC-Inactive and SSRS-ResourceSet-Inactive.
[0184] In some embodiments, if the first device 110 is in the RRC_inactive state, the maximum number for sensing resources in a resource set in RRC_inactive may be N (such as, 64) or and the maximum number of sensing resources in RRC_inactive may be M*N (such as, 4*64=256) .
[0185] In some embodiments, the maximum number of validity areas for sensing in the RRC_inactive state may be 64 and the maximum number of cells in validity area may be 64.
[0186] In the following, embodiments about a scenario where the first device 110 is in an RRC_idle state will be discussed.
[0187] In some embodiments, if the first device 110 is in an RRC_idle state, the first device 110 may perform at least one of the following:
[0188] ● not expecting to transmit sensing signals for sensing an object; or
[0189] ● not expecting to be operated in a sensing stage within which the first device 110 needs to report measurement or sensing results, or needs to track an abject.
[0190] In some embodiments, in a case that the first device 110 is in an RRC_idle state, in response detecting an object, the first device 110 may trigger a transition to the RRC_connected state or initiate a random access procedure. Optionally, after transitioning to the RRC_connected state, the first device 110 also may be transitioned to the RRC_inactive state according to the sensing requirement.
[0191] In some embodiments, in a case that the first device 110 is in an RRC_idle state, common sensing reference signals may be used as sensing signals for sensing an object.
[0192] In some embodiments, a common sensing reference signals, such as, SSB-like signal, may be used for sensing. In this event, if a first resource is configured for a common reference signals and the first resource is configured with a first frequency range for communication, a second frequency range of a second resource available for performing the sensing function is a subset of the first frequency range.
[0193] Additionally, a first periodicity of the first resource may be N*period, and a second periodicity of the first resource may be M*period, where N and M are integer and period may be a reference time length (such as, 5ms) .
[0194] In some embodiments, in one sensing period, there may be multiple sensing occasion, and the number of sensing occasions may be the same as the number of SSBs in one SSB period. For example, within a sensing period, the number of sensing occasions may be a first number, while within as SSB period, the number of SSB occasions may be a second number which is the same as the first number. It should be noted that the time length of the sensing period may be same or different from the time length of the SSB period. Merely for a better understanding, a SSB period may be 80ms and the number of SSB occasions within the SSB period may be 8, while the sensing period may be 100ms and the number of sensing occasions within the sensing period also may be 8.
[0195] In some embodiments, due to the first device 110 may be unsynchronized when the first device 110 is in the inactive state, and thus a starting point of the second resource may correspond to a time point after a time offset from a given reference time point.
[0196] In some embodiments, the second resource comprises a plurality of sensing occasions, each sensing occasion comprises two symbols, and one symbol is reserved between two adjacent sensing occasions.
[0197] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may perform the sensing function by using a slot format of on the common reference signals.
[0198] In some embodiments, in a case that the first device 110 is in an RRC_idle state, sensing signals may be scrambled by one of the following: an occasion index, a beam index, a factor determined by performing a modulus operation between a cell identity and a pre-defined integer.
[0199] In order to better understand the above processes, further embodiments will be discussed as below.
[0200] In some embodiments, in a case that the first device 110 is in an RRC_idle state, the first device 110 is only allowed to received sensing RS.
[0201] In some embodiments, in a case that the first device 110 is in an RRC_idle state, the first device 110 is not expected to be operated in the third sensing stage.
[0202] In some embodiments, upon detecting a possible target (s) , both the communication / RRC state and sensing stage need to be switched. Specifically, the communication / RRC state should be switched to RRC_connected state (or at least to the RRC_inactive state) .
[0203] In some embodiments, in a case that the first device 110 is in an RRC_idle state, a common sensing RS may be sent from gNB which is similar as SSB.
[0204] In some embodiments, common RS (such as, SSB) may be used as sensing RS.
[0205] In some embodiments, as for the sensing resource, a start point of the sensing resource in frequency domain may be a subset of that for SSB, and the bandwidth of the of the sensing resource may be around 100RB.
[0206] In some embodiments, as for the sensing resource, the periodicity may be N*5ms in time domain.
[0207] In some embodiments, in one period, there may be multiple sensing occasion, and the number of sensing occasions may be the same as the number of SSBs in one SSB period.
[0208] In some embodiments, the number of sensing occasions in one period and the beam width used for sensing on common sensing signal is same as that for SSB.
[0209] In some embodiments, one common sensing occasion may be composed of 2 symbols, and one symbol is reserved between two adjacent sensing occasions for necessary hardware / software / parameters switching. In view of this, the extended cyclic prefix may be applied for sensing occasions.
[0210] In some embodiments, a start point of sensing resources in time domain may be a time shift relative to a given time flag. In this way, complexity of blind detection of the initial sensing signal may be avoided.
[0211] In some embodiments, in a case that the first device 110 is in an RRC_idle state, the sensing signals may be scrambled by occasion index or beam index, or scrambled by mod(cellID, 32) .
[0212] Generally speaking, before transmitting the sensing signals, the first device 110 needs to determine the transmission power of sensing signal. In the following, how to determine the transmission power of sensing signal will be discussed.
[0213] In operation, the first device 110 determines parameters used for determining a transmission power of sensing signal, where the parameters comprise: a maximum power value supported by the first device 110, a sensing path loss, and a power compensation factor for sensing. Then, the first device 110 determines the transmission power of sensing signal based one the parameters; and transmit sensing signals by using the determined transmission power, where the sensing signals are used for sensing at least a object.
[0214] In some embodiments, when the first device is in the RRC_connected state, the first device 110 may transmit, at least one of the maximum power value and the sensing path loss to the second device 120. In this way, the second device 120 may well understand the power-related information and make the following decision more properly.
[0215] In some embodiments, the maximum power value supported for sensing other targets / objects is or the power compensation factor for sensing is associated with at least of the following:
[0216] ● a power status of the first device 110,
[0217] ● a present RRC state of the first device 110, or
[0218] ● a sensing stage of the first device 110, or
[0219] ● a sensing mode of the first device 110, or
[0220] ● a manner for determining the sensing path loss value, or
[0221] ● a user equipment (UE) capability or a sensing capability of the first device 110.
[0222] In some embodiments, the sensing path loss may be determined based one of the following:
[0223] ● a minimum, maximum or average receiving power value of multiple receiving powers, wherein multiple receiving powers is determined per sensing path, and each receiving power is corresponding to a single sensing path,
[0224] ● a receiving power of line of sight (LOS) sensing path,
[0225] ● a receiving power of a reference sensing path.
[0226] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the sensing path loss may be determined to be one of the following:
[0227] ● a minimum, maximum or average sensing path loss value of multiple sensing path loss values of multiple sensing paths, wherein multiple sensing path loss is determined per sensing path, and each sensing path loss is corresponding to a single sensing path,
[0228] ● a sensing path loss value of the reference sensing path.
[0229] ● a sensing path loss value of the LOS sensing path,
[0230] ● a sensing path loss value of a reference sensing path.
[0231] In some embodiments, if the first device 110 in an RRC_inactive state, the sensing path loss is determined based on one of the following:
[0232] ● a receiving power value of system information,
[0233] ● a common reference signal, or
[0234] ● a sensing signal dedicated for measuring the sensing path loss.
[0235] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may receive information about the reference sensing path from the second device 120, the information about the reference sensing path including the transmission delay. Additionally, the transmission delay may be an absolute transmission delay or a relative transmission delay (such as, a transmission delay relative to another sensing path, such as, the first sensing path) .
[0236] In some embodiments, the power compensation factor for sensing may be associated with at least of the following:
[0237] ● a power status of the first device 110,
[0238] ● a present RRC state of the first device 110, or
[0239] ● a sensing stage of the first device 110, or
[0240] ● a sensing mode of the first device 110,
[0241] ● a user equipment (UE) capability or a sensing capability of the first device 110.
[0242] In some embodiments, the power compensation factor for sensing may be associated with a manner for determining the sensing path loss value, such as, whether the sensing path loss value is determined based on the minimum, maximum or average sensing path loss value, or a sensing path loss value of the reference sensing path / LOS path.
[0243] In some embodiments, the power compensation factor is determined to be a first value if the sensing path loss is determined in a first manner, and the power compensation factor is determined to be a second value different from the first value if the sensing path loss is determined in a second manner different from the first manner.
[0244] In some embodiments, the power compensation factor is determined to be:
[0245] ● a first value if the sensing path loss is determined based on a minimum receiving power value of multiple receiving powers of multiple sensing paths,
[0246] ● a second value if the sensing path loss is determined based on an average receiving power value of multiple receiving powers of multiple sensing paths,
[0247] ● a third value if the sensing path loss is determined based on a receiving power of a reference sensing path,
[0248] ● a fourth value if the sensing path loss is determined based on a maximum receiving power value of multiple receiving powers of multiple sensing paths or a receiving power of non-line of sight sensing path.
[0249] In this event, the first value is larger than the second value, the third value or the fourth value, and the second value or the third value is larger than the fourth value.
[0250] ● In some embodiments, the power compensation factor may be determined by applying at least one of the following to a reference power compensation factor: an additional compensation or a scaling factor, where the additional compensation or the scaling factor is associated with at least one of the following: a sensing stage of the first device 110,
[0251] ● a sensing mode of the first device 110, or
[0252] ● a manner for determining the sensing path loss.
[0253] In some embodiments, the reference power compensation factor may be obtained by any suitable manner as discussed herein, such as, configured / indicated by the second device 120, or determined by the first device 110 based on a sensing requirement and a first mapping between power compensation factor values and sensing requirements by itself. In present disclosure is not limited with regard to how to obtain the reference power compensation factor.
[0254] As one example, the reference power compensation factor may be a pre-defined value. In this event, if the first device 110 is operated in the first sensing stage, a first additional compensation or a first scaling factor may be applied, while if the first device 110 is operated in the second / third sensing stage, a second / third additional compensation or a first scaling factor may be applied.
[0255] In some embodiments, the power compensation factor for sensing is determined based on a first mapping between power compensation factor values and sensing requirements.
[0256] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may determine the sensing requirement according to indication or configuration or something else, and determine the power compensation factor based on the determined sensing requirement and the first mapping. In this way, no additional signaling from the second device 120 is needed.
[0257] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the first device 110 may receive a message indicating an index of power compensation factor, and the first device 110 may determine the power compensation factor based on the index and the first mapping, wherein each power compensation factor in the first mapping is identified by a respective index. In this way, the second device 120 may dynamically determine the power compensation factor for the first device 110.
[0258] In some embodiments, there may be a plurality of mappings between power compensation factor values and sensing requirements. If so, the second device 120 may transmit a message indicating an identity of the first mapping to the first device 110.
[0259] Alternatibely, the each of the plurality of mappings is corresponding to a specific sensing scenario. In this event, the first device 110 may determine the sensing scenario first and then determine the first mapping from the plurality of mappings based on the sensing scenario.
[0260] In some embodiments, the second device 120 may transit control information indicating a value of the power compensation factor or an index of power compensation factor to the first device 110. In this way, no additional operation for determining the power compensation factor is needed at the first device 110, such as, determining the power compensation factor based on a sensing requirement and a first mapping between power compensation factor values and sensing requirements.
[0261] In some embodiments, if the first device 110 functions as a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver, the first device 110 may determine an initial transmission power to be a default value and adjust the initial transmission power subsequently.
[0262] Alternatively, if the first device 110 functions as a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver, the first device 110 may determine the transmission power based on the maximum power value, the sensing path loss, the power compensation factor and an adjusting factor, where the adjusting factor is determined to be one, or the adjusting factor is omitted.
[0263] In order to better understand the above processes, further embodiments will be discussed as below.
[0264] In some embodiments, when the first device is in the third (or the second) sensing stage, the first device 110 needs to determine the transmission power. Further, the first device 110 and the second device 120 may exchange parameters used for determining the transmission power via RRC, MAC CE and DCI.
[0265] In some embodiments, the transmission power may be determined as below: PSSRS-UL, b, f, c (i, qs) =min (PCMAX-SS, f, c (i) , PO-SSRS, b, f, c (qs) +10log10(2μMSSRS, b, f, c (i)+αSSRS, b, f, c (qs) PLb, f, c (qd) ) +Pdelta) [dBm] ,
[0266] In the above equation, PCMAX-SS,f,c is the maximum value supported by the first device 110 for sensing other targets; PO-SSRS, b, f, c (qs) and αSSRS, b, f, c (qs) is configured for the BWP b of carrier f of serving cell c, and αSSRS, b, f, c (qs) is the adjusting factor; PLb, f, c (qd) is a downlink path loss estimate in dB calculated by the UE, using RS resource indexed qd in a serving or non-serving cell for sensing RS resource set qs.
[0267] In some embodiments, In some embodiments, PCMAX-SS, f, c (i) is a fix value determined by the power level supported by the first device 110 for sensing other targets. Alternatively, in some embodiments, PCMAX-SS, f, c (i) is a dynamic value, which is the power level supported by the first device 110 at the present time for sensing other targets.
[0268] In some embodiments, PLb, f, c (qd) is determined based on a capability for a number of path loss estimates that the first device 110 can simultaneously maintain.
[0269] In some embodiments, PLb, f, c(qd) is a downlink path loss estimated in dB calculated by the first device 110, by using RS resource indexed qd in a serving or non-serving cell for sensing RS resource set qs.
[0270] Sometimes, PLb, f, c (qd) may be an estimate value based on the total received power. According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the PLb, f, c (qd) may be an estimate value based on one of the following:
[0271] ● the strongest received power / the smaller path loss value / strongest path, which may correspond to the highest accuracy for the path loss estimates, and determine the transmission power via implementation, a compensation value may be used according to experience based on the estimated path loss value;
[0272] ● the worst received power / the largest path loss value / weakest path, which may correspond to the lowest accuracy of the path loss estimates, but maximum the detection probability for sensing target;
[0273] ● average received power / average path loss value, which may make a balance between the power efficiency and probability of target detection;
[0274] ● the received power of a reference path / path loss value of a reference path.
[0275] In some embodiment, the information about the reference path may be pre-share / indicated to the first device 110. As one example, the reference path is associated with a fixed object, such as, a wall / building within or around the monitoring area / target, and the information about the reference path may include: transmission delay (relative or absolute) per sensing mode.
[0276] Blow illustrates an example IE for configuring sensing RS (denoted by SSRS) resources.
[0277] In some embodiments, the power compensation factor Pdelta is an additional power offset for sensing service. Additionally, the power compensation factor Pdelta may be configured according to the sensing requirement, such as sensing accuracy, sensing range and so on.
[0278] In some embodiments, a mapping between Pdelta and sensing requirement may be predefined. Further a higher sensing requirement may be mapped with a larger Pdelta.
[0279] In some embodiments, multiple mappings between Pdelta and requirement may be predefined, each mapping may correspond to a sensing scenario. If so, a specific mapping may be activated by MAC CE, or may be determined by the first device based on the sensing scenario by itself.
[0280] In some embodiments, the power compensation factor Pdelta may be associated with the sensing stage. For example, the value of the power compensation factor Pdelta for the third sensing stage is larger than that for the second sensing stage.
[0281] In some embodiments, DCI may indicate the applied value of power compensation factor Pdelta.
[0282] In some embodiments, the association with strategy of pass loss and / or sensing state may be presented by a scaling factor Pcomfac, or an additional compensation Pcomp for the final compensation value Pdelta, for example,
[0283] Pdelta = PcomfacP′delta or Pdelta = P′delta+Pcomp , where P′delta is a reference compensation value, and it’s determined according to the above discussed embodiments without considering the path loss determination method.
[0284] In some embodiments, for the UE-based mono-static sensing mode, the first device 110 transmits sensing signal, and receives the sensing signal by itself, and the resource set used for pass loss estimation may be the same as the resource carried the sensing signal transmitted by the first device 110. Further, the initial power may be defined as a default value, and updating procedure may be implemented as UE implementation.
[0285] In some embodiments, for the UE-based mono-static sensing mode, a dedicated resource for the pass loss estimating for sensing signal may be pre-defined. In some embodiments, for the UE-based mono-static sensing mode, the adjusting factor αSSRS, b, f, c (qs) is set to 1.
[0286] In some embodiments, if the first device is in the RRC_inactive state, transmission power used in the second / third sensing stage may be as below: PSSRS, b, f, c (i,qs) =min (PCMAX-SS, f, c (i) , PO-SSRS, b, f, c (qs)+10log10(2μMSSRS, b, f, c(i)+ αSSRS, b, f, c (qs) PLb, f, c (qd) ) +Pdelta) [dBm] .
[0287] In the above equation, PO-S, b, f, c(qs) and αSSRS, b, f, c (qs) may be configured in the related sensing SRS resource set for the RRC_inactive state. Further, path loss PLb, f, c (qd) is estimated by the pathlossReferenceRS configured in resource set if configured; otherwise, it’s estimated based on one of the following: wherein SSCM is the common sensing reference signal,
[0288] ● SSCM corresponding to the SSB with detected master information block (MIB) information, for the sensing between the gNB and UE, which means the beam / spatial filter used for the SSCM is same as the beam / spatial filter used for the SSB;
[0289] ● average value based on multiple SSCM, for the sensing between two UEs; and
[0290] ● a dedicated sensing signal used for path loss measuring, for the UE-based mono-static sensing mode.
[0291] In the above equation, Pdelta may be configured via RRC in the resource set for RRC_inactive state, which may be different for different sensing stages.
[0292] In operation, the first device 110 during a sensing duration comprising a plurality of sensing resources, the first device 110 performs at least one of the following: not expecting any data transmission is performed during the sensing duration; in accordance with a determination that there is no sensing transmission on a sensing resource of the plurality of sensing resources, performing a data transmission on the sensing resource by using a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS) different from a second MCS used for a data transmission beyond the sensing duration, or in accordance with a determination that there is no sensing transmission on the plurality of sensing resources, performing a data transmission on the plurality of sensing resource by using a first MCS same as a second MCS used for a data transmission beyond the sensing duration.
[0293] In some embodiments, in the sensing duration, data may also be transmitted, but the MCS for the data transmitted or received is indicated separately. That is, the sensing duration and the communication duration are configured with different MCSs.
[0294] In some embodiments, the MCS is indicated in a dedicated DCI format for sensing information indication. Further, aperiodic sensing resource, power offset or resources the resources for data transmission with the MCS may be indicated in the dedicated DCI format, wherein the power offset may be used for the sensing compared to communication.
[0295] In some embodiments, in the sensing duration, all the symbols and REs are used for sensing, no data is expected to be transmitted within the sensing duration.
[0296] As one example, if a period (which may comprise a number of slots, symbols and REs and so on) is configured as a sensing duration, no data transmission is expected to be transmitted during this period. For example, the sensing duration comprises period #1, period #2 and period #3. If so, no data transmission is expected to be transmitted during period #1, period #2 and period #3, regardless of whether period #1, period #2 and period #3 are actually used for sensing.
[0297] Alternatively, data transmission may be allowed during the sensing duration. Some example embodiments for this scenario are discussed as below.
[0298] In some embodiments, the sensing duration may comprise more than one resource, and a first part of the more than one resource are used for sensing, while a second part of the more than one resource are used for data transmission. If so, the MCS for the data transmission on the second part of the more than one resource is different from the MCS which is used beyond the sensing duration. For example, the sensing duration comprises period #1, period #2 and period #3. If period #1 and period #3 are used for sensing, and the period #2 is used for data transmission. Then MCS used during the period #2 is different from the MCS used during such as period #4 (which is beyond the sensing duration) .
[0299] Alternatively, if all the resources during the sensing duration may be used for data transmission, the MCS used during the sensing duration may be the same as the MCS used beyond the sensing duration. For example, the sensing duration comprises period #1, period #2 and period #3. If all of the period #1, period #2 and period #3 are used for data transmission. Then MCS used during the sensing duration is the same as the MCS used during such as period #4 (which is beyond the sensing duration) .
[0300] Example Methods
[0301] FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 400 implemented at a first device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 400 will be described from the perspective of the first device 110 in FIG. 1A.
[0302] At block 410, the first device receives, from a second device, configuration information used for indicating sensing resources to be used by the first device.
[0303] At block 420, the first device performs a sensing function based on the sensing resources, wherein, in a case that the first device is the in a radio resource control (RRC) connected state, a resource type of the sensing resources is one of a first set of resource types, in a case that the first device is an RRC state rather than the RRC_connected state, the resource type is one of a further set of resource types different from the first set of resource types.
[0304] In some example embodiments, in a case that the first device is in the RRC_connected state, the resource type is one of the first set of resource types comprising periodic, semi-persistent, and aperiodic, in a case that the first device is in an RRC_inactive state, the resource type is one of the second set of resource types comprising periodic, semi-persistent, and in a case that the first device is in an RRC_idle state, the resource type is one of the third set of resource types comprising periodic.
[0305] In some example embodiments, the first device is the RRC_connected state, an RRC_inactive state or an RRC_idle state in a case that the first device is in the sensing stage within which the first device performs at least one of the following: not transmitting sensing signals for sensing an object; or de-prioritizing a priority of recourse configured for sensing an object, the first device is the RRC_connected state, the RRC_inactive state or the RRC_idle state in a case that the first device is in the sensing stage within which the first device performs at least one of the following: detecting an object to be sensed by measuring sensing signals transmitted on at least one periodic resource; or not reporting measurement or sensing results; or the first device is the RRC_connected state or the RRC_inactive state in a case that the first device is in the sensing stage within which the first device performs at least one of the following: detecting at least one object, measuring sensing signals reflected by an object, reporting measurement or sensing results, or tracking the at least one object.
[0306] In some example embodiments, if the first device is in the RRC_connected state or RRC_inactive state and the configuration information indicating the sensing resources for a sensing stage during which the first device performs at least one of the following: detecting an object to be sensed; or not reporting measurement or sensing results; the sensing resources is periodic or semi-persistent.
[0307] In some example embodiments, the first device may receive, from the second device, a configuration message comprising a plurality of resource identities corresponding to a plurality of sensing resources; and receive, from the second device, an activation or deactivation message comprising at least one resource identity of plurality of resource identities.
[0308] In some example embodiments, the first device may receive, from the second device, a configuration message comprising a plurality of set identities corresponding to the plurality of resource sets, each resource set comprising at least one sensing resource; and receive, from the second device, an activation or deactivation message comprising at least one set identity of the plurality of set identities, wherein resources in a same resource set are associated with at least one same parameter comprising at least one of the following: a start position of sensing resource, a periodicity of sensing resource, an offset of sensing resource in time domain or frequency domain, a duration of the periodic resource, a subcarrier spacing (SCS) of the periodic resource, a priority of the periodic resource, or a comb offset of sing resource in time domain or frequency domain.
[0309] In some example embodiments, the first device may receive, from the second device, a configuration message comprising a plurality of list identities corresponding to the plurality of resource lists, each resource list comprising at least one resource set and each resource set comprising at least one sensing resource; and receive, from the second device, an activation or deactivation message comprising at least one list identity of the plurality of list identities, wherein, resources in a same resource set are associated with at least one same first parameter comprising at least one of the following: a start position of sensing resource, a periodicity of sensing resource, an offset of sensing resource in time domain or frequency domain, a duration of the periodic resource, a subcarrier spacing (SCS) of the periodic resource, a priority of the periodic resource, or a comb offset of sing resource in time domain or frequency domain and wherein resources in a same resource list are associated with at least one same second parameter, the at least one same second parameter is a subset of the at least one same first parameter.
[0310] In some example embodiments, in accordance with a determination of failing to receive the activation or deactivation message, the first device may determine the sensing resources for performing the sensing function from sensing resources indicated in the configuration message according to a default rule.
[0311] In some example embodiments, the configuration information further indicates beam-related information, and the beam-related information is associated with one of the following: a specific sensing resource, a specific resource set, or a specific resource list.
[0312] In some example embodiments, if the first device is in the RRC_connected state and the configuration information indicating the sensing resources for a sensing stage during which the first device performs at least one of the following: detecting at least one object, measuring sensing signals reflected by an object, reporting measurement or sensing results, or tracking at least one object; the sensing resources is aperiodic, periodic or semi-persistent.
[0313] In some example embodiments, the first device may receive, from the second device, a configuration message comprising a resource table comprising a plurality of resource indexes corresponding to a plurality of sensing resources; and receive, from the second device, an indication indicating at least one resource index in the resource table.
[0314] In some example embodiments, the configuration information further indicates beam-related information comprising at least one of the following: a beam index, location-related information, angle-related information, quasi co-location (QCL) information, an angle of arrival of sensing signal reception, or an angle of departure of sensing signal transmission.
[0315] In some example embodiments, prior to receiving the configuration information, the first device may transmit at least one of the following to the second device: location information of an object to be sensed, or angle information of an object to be sensed.
[0316] In some example embodiments, in a case that the first device is in an RRC_inactive state, the configuration information is comprised in a radio resource control (RRC) and the resource type of the sensing resources is periodic or semi-persistent.
[0317] In some example embodiments, in a case that the resource type of the sensing resources is semi-persistent, the configuration information further indicates a valid duration of the semi-persistent sensing resources configuration.
[0318] In some example embodiments, the configuration information indicates at least one of the following: a first resource used for transmitting sensing signals to be received by a second device, a second resource used for transmitting sensing signals to be received by a further first device, a third resource used for receiving sensing signals transmitted by a second device a fourth resource used for receiving sensing signals transmitted by a further device, a fifth used for transmitting and receiving sensing signals by itself, a first bandwidth part associated with the first resource, a second bandwidth part associated with the second resource, a third bandwidth part associated with the third resource, a fourth bandwidth part associated with the fourth resource, or a fifth bandwidth part associated with the fifth resource.
[0319] In some example embodiments, if the first device is in the RRC_connected state, the maximum number of sensing resources allowed to be configured is a first number, and if the first device is in an RRC_inactive state, the maximum number of sensing resources allowed to be configured is a second number, wherein the second number is larger than the first number.
[0320] In some example embodiments, if the first device is in an RRC_idle state, the first device may perform at least one of the following: not expecting to transmit sensing signals for sensing an object; not expecting to be operated in a sensing stage within which the first device needs to report measurement or sensing results, or needs to track an abject.
[0321] In some example embodiments, in a case that the first device is in an RRC_idle state, in response detecting an object, the first device may trigger a transition to the RRC_connected state or initiate a random access procedure.
[0322] In some example embodiments, in a case that the first device is in an RRC_idle state, common reference signals are used as sensing signals for sensing an object.
[0323] In some example embodiments, a first resource is configured for a common reference signals and the first resource is configured with a first frequency range and a first periodicity, and wherein a second frequency range of a second resource available for performing the sensing function is a subset of the first frequency range, a second periodicity of the second resource is the same as the first periodicity, or a starting point of the second resource corresponding a time point after a time offset from a given reference time point.
[0324] In some example embodiments, the second resource comprises a plurality of sensing occasions, each sensing occasion comprises two symbols, and one symbol is reserved between two adjacent sensing occasions.
[0325] In some example embodiments, the first device may perform the sensing function by using a slot format of extended cyclic prefix on the common reference signals.
[0326] In some example embodiments, in a case that the first device is in an RRC_idle state, sensing signals is scrambled by one of the following: an occasion index, a beam index, a factor determined by performing a modulus operation between a cell identity and a pre-defined integer.
[0327] FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 500 implemented at a first device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 500 will be described from the perspective of the first device 110 in FIG. 1A.
[0328] At block 510, the first device determines parameters used for determining a transmission power of sensing signal, the parameters comprising: a maximum power value supported by the first device, a sensing path loss, and a power compensation factor for sensing.
[0329] At block 520, the first device determines the transmission power of sensing signal based one the parameters.
[0330] At block 530, the first device transmits, sensing signals by using the determined transmission power, the sensing signals being used for sensing at least object.
[0331] In some example embodiments, the first device may transmit, at least one of the maximum power value and the sensing path loss to the second device.
[0332] In some example embodiments, the maximum power value is or the power compensation factor for sensing is associated with at least of the following: a power status of the first device, a present RRC state of the first device, or a sensing stage of the first device, or a sensing mode of the first device, or a manner for determining the sensing path loss value, or a user equipment (UE) capability.
[0333] In some example embodiments, the sensing path loss is determined based one of the following: a minimum, maximum or average receiving power value of multiple receiving powers, wherein each of the multiple receiving powers is determined per sensing path, a receiving power of line of sight (LOS) sensing path, a receiving power of a reference sensing path, or wherein the sensing path loss is determined to be one of the following: a minimum, maximum or average sensing path loss value of multiple sensing path loss values of multiple sensing paths, a sensing path loss value of the reference sensing path. a sensing path loss value of the LOS sensing path, a sensing path loss value of a reference sensing path.
[0334] In some example embodiments, the first device may receive information about the reference sensing path from the second device, the information about the reference sensing path including the transmission delay.
[0335] In some example embodiments, the power compensation factor for sensing is determined based on a first mapping between power compensation factor values and sensing requirements.
[0336] In some example embodiments, the first device may determine sensing requirement, and determine the power compensation factor based on the determined sensing requirement and the first mapping; or receive a message indicating an index of power compensation factor, and determine the power compensation factor based on the index and the first mapping, wherein each power compensation factor in the first mapping is identified by a respective index.
[0337] In some example embodiments, there are a plurality of mappings between power compensation factor values and sensing requirements, and the processor is further configured to cause the first device to: determine the first mapping from the plurality of mappings based on a sensing scenario, wherein each of the plurality of mappings is corresponding to a specific sensing scenario; or determine the first mapping from the plurality of mappings based on a message from the second device, wherein the message indicating an identity of the first mapping.
[0338] In some example embodiments, the power compensation factor is determined to be a first value if the sensing path loss is determined in a first manner, the power compensation factor is determined to be a second value different from the first value if the sensing path loss is determined in a second manner different from the first manner.
[0339] In some example embodiments, the power compensation factor is determined to be a first value if the sensing path loss is determined based on a minimum receiving power value of multiple receiving powers of multiple sensing paths, the power compensation factor is determined to be a second value if the sensing path loss is determined based on an average receiving power value of multiple receiving powers of multiple sensing paths, the power compensation factor is determined to be a third value if the sensing path loss is determined based on a receiving power of a reference sensing path, the power compensation factor is determined to be a fourth value if the sensing path loss is determined based on a maximum receiving power value of multiple receiving powers of multiple sensing paths or a receiving power of non-line of sight sensing path, and wherein, the first value is larger than the second value, the third value or the fourth value, or the second value or the third value is larger than the fourth value.
[0340] In some example embodiments, the power compensation factor is determined by applying at least one of the following to a reference power compensation factor: an additional compensation or a scaling factor, wherein the additional compensation or the scaling factor is associated with at least one of the following: a sensing stage of the first device, a sensing mode of the first device, or a manner for determining the sensing path loss.
[0341] In some example embodiments, the first device may receive control information from the second device, the control information indicating a value of the power compensation factor or an index of power compensation factor.
[0342] In some example embodiments, the first device functions as a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver, and processor is further configured to cause the first device to: determine an initial transmission power to be a default value and adjust the initial transmission power subsequently, or determine the transmission power based on the maximum power value, the sensing path loss, the power compensation factor and an adjusting factor, wherein the adjusting factor is determined to be one.
[0343] In some example embodiments, if the first device in an RRC_inactive state, the sensing path loss is determined based on one of the following: a receiving power value of system information, a common reference signal, or a sensing signal dedicated for measuring the sensing path loss.
[0344] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 600 implemented at a first device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 600 will be described from the perspective of the first device 110 in FIG. 1A.
[0345] At block 610, during a sensing duration comprising a plurality of sensing resources, the first device 110 performs at least one of the following: not expecting any data transmission is performed during the sensing duration; in accordance with a determination that there is no sensing transmission on a sensing resource of the plurality of sensing resources, performing a data transmission on the sensing resource by using a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS) different from a second MCS used for a data transmission beyond the sensing duration, or in accordance with a determination that there is no sensing transmission on the plurality of sensing resources, performing a data transmission on the plurality of sensing resource by using a first MCS same as a second MCS used for a data transmission beyond the sensing duration.
[0346] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 700 implemented at a second device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 700 will be described from the perspective of the second device 120 in FIG. 1A.
[0347] At block 710, the second device generates configuration information used for indicating sensing resources to be used by a first device.
[0348] At block 720, the second device transmits the configuration information to the first device, wherein, in a case that the first device is the in a radio resource control (RRC) _connected state, a resource type of the sensing resources is one of a first set of resource types, in a case that the first device is an RRC state rather than the RRC_connected state, the resource type is one of a further set of resource types different from the first set of resource types.
[0349] In some example embodiments, in a case that the first device is in the RRC_connected state, the resource type is one of the first set of resource types comprising periodic, semi-persistent, and aperiodic, in a case that the first device is in an RRC_inactive state, the resource type is one of the second set of resource types comprising periodic, semi-persistent, and in a case that the first device is in an RRC_idle state, the resource type is one of the third set of resource types comprising periodic.
[0350] In some example embodiments, the first device is the RRC_connected state, an RRC_inactive state or an RRC_idle state in a case that the first device is in the sensing stage within which the first device performs at least one of the following: not transmitting sensing signals for sensing an object; or de-prioritizing a priority of recourse configured for sensing an object, the first device is the RRC_connected state, the RRC_inactive state or the RRC_idle state in a case that the first device is in the sensing stage within which the first device performs at least one of the following: detecting an object to be sensed by measuring sensing signals transmitted on at least one periodic resource; or not reporting measurement or sensing results; or the first device is the RRC_connected state or the RRC_inactive state in a case that the first device is in the sensing stage within which the first device performs at least one of the following: detecting at least one object, measuring sensing signals reflected by an object, reporting measurement or sensing results, or tracking the at least one object.
[0351] In some example embodiments, if the first device is in the RRC_connected state or RRC_inactive state and the configuration information indicating the sensing resources for a sensing stage during which the first device performs at least one of the following: detecting an object to be sensed; or not reporting measurement or sensing results; the sensing resources is periodic or semi-persistent.
[0352] In some example embodiments, the second device may transmit, to the first device, a configuration message comprising a plurality of resource identities corresponding to a plurality of sensing resources; and transmit, to the first device, an activation or deactivation message comprising at least one resource identity of plurality of resource identities.
[0353] In some example embodiments, the second device may transmit, to the first device a configuration message comprising a plurality of set identities corresponding to the plurality of resource sets, each resource set comprising at least one sensing resource; and transmit, to the first device an activation or deactivation message comprising at least one set identity of the plurality of set identities, wherein resources in a same resource set are associated with at least one same parameter comprising at least one of the following: a start position of sensing resource, a periodicity of sensing resource, an offset of sensing resource in time domain or frequency domain, a duration of the periodic resource, a subcarrier spacing (SCS) of the periodic resource, a priority of the periodic resource, or a comb offset of sing resource in time domain or frequency domain.
[0354] In some example embodiments, the second device may transmit, to the first device a configuration message comprising a plurality of list identities corresponding to the plurality of resource lists, each resource list comprising at least one resource set and each resource set comprising at least one sensing resource; and transmit, to the first device, an activation or deactivation message comprising at least one list identity of the plurality of list identities, wherein, resources in a same resource set are associated with at least one same first parameter comprising at least one of the following: a start position of sensing resource, a periodicity of sensing resource, an offset of sensing resource in time domain or frequency domain, a duration of the periodic resource, a subcarrier spacing (SCS) of the periodic resource, a priority of the periodic resource, or a comb offset of sing resource in time domain or frequency domain and wherein resources in a same resource list are associated with at least one same second parameter, the at least one same second parameter is a subset of the at least one same first parameter.
[0355] In some example embodiments, the configuration information further indicates beam-related information, and the beam-related information is associated with one of the following: a specific sensing resource, a specific resource set, or a specific resource list.
[0356] In some example embodiments, if the first device is in the RRC_connected state and the configuration information indicating the sensing resources for a sensing stage during which the first device performs at least one of the following: detecting at least one object, measuring sensing signals reflected by an object, reporting measurement or sensing results, or tracking at least one object; the sensing resources is aperiodic, periodic or semi-persistent.
[0357] In some example embodiments, the second device may transmit, to the first device, a configuration message comprising a resource table comprising a plurality of resource indexes corresponding to a plurality of sensing resources; and transmit, to the first device, an indication indicating at least one resource index in the resource table.
[0358] In some example embodiments, the configuration information further indicates beam-related information comprising at least one of the following: a beam index, location-related information, angle-related information, quasi co-location (QCL) information, an angle of arrival of sensing signal reception, or an angle of departure of sensing signal transmission.
[0359] In some example embodiments, prior to transmitting the configuration information, the second device may receive at least one of the following to the second device: location information of an object to be sensed, or angle information of an object to be sensed.
[0360] In some example embodiments, in a case that the first device is in an RRC_inactive state, the configuration information is comprised in a radio resource control (RRC) and the resource type of the sensing resources is periodic or semi-persistent.
[0361] In some example embodiments, in a case that the resource type of the sensing resources is semi-persistent, the configuration information further indicates a valid duration of the semi-persistent sensing resources configuration.
[0362] In some example embodiments, the configuration information indicating at least one of the following: a first resource used for transmitting sensing signals to be received by a second device, a second resource used for transmitting sensing signals to be received by a further first device, a third resource used for receiving sensing signals transmitted by a second device a fourth resource used for receiving sensing signals transmitted by a further device, a fifth used for transmitting and receiving sensing signals by itself, a first bandwidth part associated with the first resource, a second bandwidth part associated with the second resource, a third bandwidth part associated with the third resource, a fourth bandwidth part associated with the fourth resource, or a fifth bandwidth part associated with the fifth resource.
[0363] In some example embodiments, if the first device is in the RRC_connected state, the maximum number of sensing resources allowed to be configured is a first number, if the first device is in an RRC_inactive state, the maximum number of sensing resources allowed to be configured is a second number, wherein the second number is larger than the first number.
[0364] In some example embodiments, in a case that the first device is in an RRC_idle state, common reference signals are used as sensing signals for sensing an object.
[0365] In some example embodiments, a first resource is configured for a common reference signals and the first resource is configured with a first frequency range and a first periodicity, and wherein a second frequency range of a second resource available for performing the sensing function is a subset of a first frequency range of the first resource, a second periodicity of the second resource is the same as the first periodicity, or a starting point of the second resource corresponding a time point after a time offset from a given reference time point.
[0366] In some example embodiments, the second resource comprises a plurality of sensing occasions, each sensing occasion comprises two symbols, and one symbols is reserved between two adjacent sensing occasions.
[0367] In some example embodiments, in a case that the first device is in an RRC_idle state, sensing signals is scrambled by one of the following: an occasion index, a beam index, a factor determined by performing a modulus operation between a cell identity and a pre-defined integer.
[0368] Example devices and apparatuses
[0369] FIG. 8 is a simplified block diagram of a device 800 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 800 can be considered as a further example implementation of any of the devices as shown in FIG. 1A. Accordingly, the device 800 can be implemented at or as at least a part of the first device 110 or the second device 120.
[0370] As shown, the device 800 includes a processor 810, a memory 820 coupled to the processor 810, a suitable transceiver 840 coupled to the processor 810, and a communication interface coupled to the transceiver 840. The memory 820 stores at least a part of a program 830. The transceiver 840 may be for bidirectional communications or a unidirectional communication based on requirements. The transceiver 840 may include at least one of a transmitter 842 and a receiver 844. The transmitter 842 and the receiver 844 may be functional modules or physical entities. The transceiver 840 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication, though in practice an Access Node mentioned in this application may have several ones. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, such as X2 / Xn interface for bidirectional communications between eNBs / gNBs, S1 / NG interface for communication between a Mobility Management Entity (MME) / Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) / SGW / UPF and the eNB / gNB, Un interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a relay node (RN) , or Uu interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a terminal device.
[0371] The program 830 is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated processor 810, enable the device 800 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed herein with reference to FIGS. 1 to 8. The embodiments herein may be implemented by computer software executable by the processor 810 of the device 800, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. The processor 810 may be configured to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, a combination of the processor 810 and memory 820 may form processing means 850 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0372] The memory 820 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, semiconductor based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory, as non-limiting examples. While only one memory 820 is shown in the device 800, there may be several physically distinct memory modules in the device 800. The processor 810 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 800 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0373] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: receive, from a second device, configuration information used for indicating sensing resources to be used by the first device; and perform a sensing function based on the sensing resources, wherein, in a case that the first device is the in a radio resource control (RRC) connected state, a resource type of the sensing resources is one of a first set of resource types, in a case that the first device is an RRC state rather than the RRC_connected state, the resource type is one of a further set of resource types different from the first set of resource types. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the first device as discussed above.
[0374] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: determine parameters used for determining a transmission power of sensing signal, the parameters comprising: a maximum power value supported by the first device, a sensing path loss, and a power compensation factor for sensing; and determine the transmission power of sensing signal based one the parameters; and transmit, sensing signals by using the determined transmission power, the sensing signals being used for sensing at least object. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the first device as discussed above.
[0375] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: during a sensing duration comprising a plurality of sensing resources, perform at least one of the following: not expecting any data transmission is performed during the sensing duration; in accordance with a determination that there is no sensing transmission on a sensing resource of the plurality of sensing resources, performing a data transmission on the sensing resource by using a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS) different from a second MCS used for a data transmission beyond the sensing duration, or in accordance with a determination that there is no sensing transmission on the plurality of sensing resources, performing a data transmission on the plurality of sensing resource by using a first MCS same as a second MCS used for a data transmission beyond the sensing duration.
[0376] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: generate configuration information used for indicating sensing resources to be used by a first device; and transmit the configuration information to the first device, wherein, in a case that the first device is the in a radio resource control (RRC) _connected state, a resource type of the sensing resources is one of a first set of resource types, in a case that the first device is an RRC state rather than the RRC_connected state, the resource type is one of a further set of resource types different from the first set of resource types. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the second device as discussed above.
[0377] The term “circuitry” used herein may refer to hardware circuits and / or combinations of hardware circuits and software. For example, the circuitry may be a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuits with software / firmware. As a further example, the circuitry may be any portions of hardware processors with software including digital signal processor (s) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a terminal device or a network device, to perform various functions. In a still further example, the circuitry may be hardware circuits and or processors, such as a microprocessor or a portion of a microprocessor, that requires software / firmware for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. As used herein, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (s) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor (s) and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware.
[0378] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first apparatus is provided. The first apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a second device, configuration information used for indicating sensing resources to be used by the first device; and means for performing a sensing function based on the sensing resources, wherein, means for in a case that the first device is the in a radio resource control (RRC) connected state, a resource type of the sensing resources is one of a first set of resource types, means for in a case that the first device is an RRC state rather than the RRC_connected state, the resource type is one of a further set of resource types different from the first set of resource types. In some embodiments, the first apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 400. In some example embodiments, the first apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 400. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0379] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first apparatus is provided. The first apparatus comprises means for determining parameters used for determining a transmission power of sensing signal, the parameters comprising: means for a maximum power value supported by the first device, means for a sensing path loss, and means for a power compensation factor for sensing; and means for determining the transmission power of sensing signal based one the parameters; and means for transmitting, sensing signals by using the determined transmission power, the sensing signals being used for sensing at least object. In some embodiments, the second apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 500. In some example embodiments, the second apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 500. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0380] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first apparatus is provided. The first apparatus comprises means for during a sensing duration comprising a plurality of sensing resources, performing at least one of the following: not expecting any data transmission is performed during the sensing duration; in accordance with a determination that there is no sensing transmission on a sensing resource of the plurality of sensing resources, performing a data transmission on the sensing resource by using a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS) different from a second MCS used for a data transmission beyond the sensing duration, or in accordance with a determination that there is no sensing transmission on the plurality of sensing resources, performing a data transmission on the plurality of sensing resource by using a first MCS same as a second MCS used for a data transmission beyond the sensing duration.
[0381] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second apparatus is provided. The second apparatus comprises means for generating configuration information used for indicating sensing resources to be used by a first device; and means for transmitting the configuration information to the first device, wherein, means for in a case that the first device is the in a radio resource control (RRC) _connected state, a resource type of the sensing resources is one of a first set of resource types, means for in a case that the first device is an RRC state rather than the RRC_connected state, the resource type is one of a further set of resource types different from the first set of resource types. In some embodiments, the fourth apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 700. In some example embodiments, the fourth apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 700. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0382] In summary, embodiments of the present disclosure provide the following aspects.
[0383] In an aspect, it is proposed a first device comprising: a processor configured to cause the first device to: receive, from a second device, configuration information used for indicating sensing resources to be used by the first device; and perform a sensing function based on the sensing resources, wherein, in a case that the first device is the in a radio resource control (RRC) connected state, a resource type of the sensing resources is one of a first set of resource types, in a case that the first device is an RRC state rather than the RRC_connected state, the resource type is one of a further set of resource types different from the first set of resource types.
[0384] In some embodiments, in a case that the first device is in the RRC_connected state, the resource type is one of the first set of resource types comprising periodic, semi-persistent, and aperiodic, in a case that the first device is in an RRC_inactive state, the resource type is one of the second set of resource types comprising periodic, semi-persistent, and in a case that the first device is in an RRC_idle state, the resource type is one of the third set of resource types comprising periodic.
[0385] In some embodiments, the first device is the RRC_connected state, an RRC_inactive state or an RRC_idle state in a case that the first device is in the sensing stage within which the first device performs at least one of the following: not transmitting sensing signals for sensing an object; or de-prioritizing a priority of recourse configured for sensing an object, the first device is the RRC_connected state, the RRC_inactive state or the RRC_idle state in a case that the first device is in the sensing stage within which the first device performs at least one of the following: detecting an object to be sensed by measuring sensing signals transmitted on at least one periodic resource; or not reporting measurement or sensing results; or the first device is the RRC_connected state or the RRC_inactive state in a case that the first device is in the sensing stage within which the first device performs at least one of the following: detecting at least one object, measuring sensing signals reflected by an object, reporting measurement or sensing results, or tracking the at least one object.
[0386] In some embodiments, if the first device is in the RRC_connected state or RRC_inactive state and the configuration information indicating the sensing resources for a sensing stage during which the first device performs at least one of the following: detecting an object to be sensed; or not reporting measurement or sensing results; the sensing resources is periodic or semi-persistent.
[0387] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first device to: receive, from the second device, a configuration message comprising a plurality of resource identities corresponding to a plurality of sensing resources; and receive, from the second device, an activation or deactivation message comprising at least one resource identity of plurality of resource identities.
[0388] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first device to: receive, from the second device, a configuration message comprising a plurality of set identities corresponding to the plurality of resource sets, each resource set comprising at least one sensing resource; and receive, from the second device, an activation or deactivation message comprising at least one set identity of the plurality of set identities, wherein resources in a same resource set are associated with at least one same parameter comprising at least one of the following: a start position of sensing resource, a periodicity of sensing resource, an offset of sensing resource in time domain or frequency domain, a duration of the periodic resource, a subcarrier spacing (SCS) of the periodic resource, a priority of the periodic resource, or a comb offset of sing resource in time domain or frequency domain.
[0389] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first device to: receive, from the second device, a configuration message comprising a plurality of list identities corresponding to the plurality of resource lists, each resource list comprising at least one resource set and each resource set comprising at least one sensing resource; and receive, from the second device, an activation or deactivation message comprising at least one list identity of the plurality of list identities, wherein, resources in a same resource set are associated with at least one same first parameter comprising at least one of the following: a start position of sensing resource, a periodicity of sensing resource, an offset of sensing resource in time domain or frequency domain, a duration of the periodic resource, a subcarrier spacing (SCS) of the periodic resource, a priority of the periodic resource, or a comb offset of sing resource in time domain or frequency domain and wherein resources in a same resource list are associated with at least one same second parameter, the at least one same second parameter is a subset of the at least one same first parameter.
[0390] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first device to: in accordance with a determination of failing to receive the activation or deactivation message, determine the sensing resources for performing the sensing function from sensing resources indicated in the configuration message according to a default rule.
[0391] In some embodiments, the configuration information further indicates beam-related information, and the beam-related information is associated with one of the following: a specific sensing resource, a specific resource set, or a specific resource list.
[0392] In some embodiments, if the first device is in the RRC_connected state and the configuration information indicating the sensing resources for a sensing stage during which the first device performs at least one of the following: detecting at least one object, measuring sensing signals reflected by an object, reporting measurement or sensing results, or tracking at least one object; the sensing resources is aperiodic, periodic or semi-persistent.
[0393] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first device to: receive, from the second device, a configuration message comprising a resource table comprising a plurality of resource indexes corresponding to a plurality of sensing resources; and receive, from the second device, an indication indicating at least one resource index in the resource table.
[0394] In some embodiments, the configuration information further indicates beam-related information comprising at least one of the following: a beam index, location-related information, angle-related information, quasi co-location (QCL) information, an angle of arrival of sensing signal reception, or an angle of departure of sensing signal transmission.
[0395] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first device to: prior to receiving the configuration information, transmit at least one of the following to the second device: location information of an object to be sensed, or angle information of an object to be sensed.
[0396] In some embodiments, in a case that the first device is in an RRC_inactive state, the configuration information is comprised in a radio resource control (RRC) and the resource type of the sensing resources is periodic or semi-persistent.
[0397] In some embodiments, in a case that the resource type of the sensing resources is semi-persistent, the configuration information further indicates a valid duration of the semi-persistent sensing resources configuration.
[0398] In some embodiments, the configuration information indicating at least one of the following: a first resource used for transmitting sensing signals to be received by a second device, a second resource used for transmitting sensing signals to be received by a further first device, a third resource used for receiving sensing signals transmitted by a second device a fourth resource used for receiving sensing signals transmitted by a further device, a fifth used for transmitting and receiving sensing signals by itself, a first bandwidth part associated with the first resource, a second bandwidth part associated with the second resource, a third bandwidth part associated with the third resource, a fourth bandwidth part associated with the fourth resource, or a fifth bandwidth part associated with the fifth resource.
[0399] In some embodiments, if the first device is in the RRC_connected state, the maximum number of sensing resources allowed to be configured is a first number, and if the first device is in an RRC_inactive state, the maximum number of sensing resources allowed to be configured is a second number, wherein the second number is larger than the first number.
[0400] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first device to: if the first device is in an RRC_idle state, perform at least one of the following: not expecting to transmit sensing signals for sensing an object; not expecting to be operated in a sensing stage within which the first device needs to report measurement or sensing results, or needs to track an abject.
[0401] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first device to: in a case that the first device is in an RRC_idle state, in response detecting an object, trigger a transition to the RRC_connected state or initiate a random access procedure.
[0402] In some embodiments, in a case that the first device is in an RRC_idle state, common reference signals are used as sensing signals for sensing an object.
[0403] In some embodiments, a first resource is configured for a common reference signals and the first resource is configured with a first frequency range and a first periodicity, and wherein a second frequency range of a second resource available for performing the sensing function is a subset of the first frequency range, a second periodicity of the second resource is the same as the first periodicity, or a starting point of the second resource corresponding a time point after a time offset from a given reference time point.
[0404] In some embodiments, the second resource comprises a plurality of sensing occasions, each sensing occasion comprises two symbols, and one symbol is reserved between two adjacent sensing occasions.
[0405] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first device to: performing the sensing function by using a slot format of extended cyclic prefix on the common reference signals.
[0406] In some embodiments, in a case that the first device is in an RRC_idle state, sensing signals is scrambled by one of the following: an occasion index, a beam index, a factor determined by performing a modulus operation between a cell identity and a pre-defined integer.
[0407] In an aspect, it is proposed a first device comprising: a processor configured to cause the first device to: determine parameters used for determining a transmission power of sensing signal, the parameters comprising: a maximum power value supported by the first device, a sensing path loss, and a power compensation factor for sensing; and determine the transmission power of sensing signal based one the parameters; and transmit, sensing signals by using the determined transmission power, the sensing signals being used for sensing at least object.
[0408] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first device to: transmit, at least one of the maximum power value and the sensing path loss to the second device.
[0409] In some embodiments, the maximum power value is or the power compensation factor for sensing is associated with at least of the following: a power status of the first device, a present RRC state of the first device, or a sensing stage of the first device, or a sensing mode of the first device, or a manner for determining the sensing path loss value, or a user equipment (UE) capability.
[0410] In some embodiments, the sensing path loss is determined based one of the following: a minimum, maximum or average receiving power value of multiple receiving powers, wherein each of the multiple receiving powers is determined per sensing path, a receiving power of line of sight (LOS) sensing path, a receiving power of a reference sensing path, or wherein the sensing path loss is determined to be one of the following: a minimum, maximum or average sensing path loss value of multiple sensing path loss values of multiple sensing paths, a sensing path loss value of the reference sensing path. a sensing path loss value of the LOS sensing path, a sensing path loss value of a reference sensing path.
[0411] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first device to: receive information about the reference sensing path from the second device, the information about the reference sensing path including the transmission delay.
[0412] In some embodiments, the power compensation factor for sensing is determined based on a first mapping between power compensation factor values and sensing requirements.
[0413] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first device to: determine sensing requirement, and determine the power compensation factor based on the determined sensing requirement and the first mapping; or receive a message indicating an index of power compensation factor, and determine the power compensation factor based on the index and the first mapping, wherein each power compensation factor in the first mapping is identified by a respective index.
[0414] In some embodiments, there are a plurality of mappings between power compensation factor values and sensing requirements, and the processor is further configured to cause the first device to: determine the first mapping from the plurality of mappings based on a sensing scenario, wherein each of the plurality of mappings is corresponding to a specific sensing scenario; or determine the first mapping from the plurality of mappings based on a message from the second device, wherein the message indicating an identity of the first mapping.
[0415] In some embodiments, the power compensation factor is determined to be a first value if the sensing path loss is determined in a first manner, the power compensation factor is determined to be a second value different from the first value if the sensing path loss is determined in a second manner different from the first manner.
[0416] In some embodiments, the power compensation factor is determined to be a first value if the sensing path loss is determined based on a minimum receiving power value of multiple receiving powers of multiple sensing paths, the power compensation factor is determined to be a second value if the sensing path loss is determined based on an average receiving power value of multiple receiving powers of multiple sensing paths, the power compensation factor is determined to be a third value if the sensing path loss is determined based on a receiving power of a reference sensing path, the power compensation factor is determined to be a fourth value if the sensing path loss is determined based on a maximum receiving power value of multiple receiving powers of multiple sensing paths or a receiving power of non-line of sight sensing path, and wherein, the first value is larger than the second value, the third value or the fourth value, or the second value or the third value is larger than the fourth value.
[0417] In some embodiments, the power compensation factor is determined by applying at least one of the following to a reference power compensation factor: an additional compensation or a scaling factor, wherein the additional compensation or the scaling factor is associated with at least one of the following: a sensing stage of the first device, a sensing mode of the first device, or a manner for determining the sensing path loss.
[0418] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first device to: receive control information from the second device, the control information indicating a value of the power compensation factor or an index of power compensation factor.
[0419] In some embodiments, the first device functions as a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver, and processor is further configured to cause the first device to: determine an initial transmission power to be a default value and adjust the initial transmission power subsequently, or determine the transmission power based on the maximum power value, the sensing path loss, the power compensation factor and an adjusting factor, wherein the adjusting factor is determined to be one.
[0420] In some embodiments, if the first device in an RRC_inactive state, the sensing path loss is determined based on one of the following: a receiving power value of system information, a common reference signal, or a sensing signal dedicated for measuring the sensing path loss.
[0421] In an aspect, it is proposed a first device comprising: a processor configured to cause the first device to: during a sensing duration comprising a plurality of sensing resources, perform at least one of the following: not expecting any data transmission is performed during the sensing duration; in accordance with a determination that there is no sensing transmission on a sensing resource of the plurality of sensing resources, performing a data transmission on the sensing resource by using a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS) different from a second MCS used for a data transmission beyond the sensing duration, or in accordance with a determination that there is no sensing transmission on the plurality of sensing resources, performing a data transmission on the plurality of sensing resource by using a first MCS same as a second MCS used for a data transmission beyond the sensing duration.
[0422] In an aspect, it is proposed a second device comprising: a processor configured to cause the second device to: generate configuration information used for indicating sensing resources to be used by a first device; and transmit the configuration information to the first device, wherein, in a case that the first device is the in a radio resource control (RRC) _connected state, a resource type of the sensing resources is one of a first set of resource types, in a case that the first device is an RRC state rather than the RRC_connected state, the resource type is one of a further set of resource types different from the first set of resource types.
[0423] In some embodiments, in a case that the first device is in the RRC_connected state, the resource type is one of the first set of resource types comprising periodic, semi-persistent, and aperiodic, in a case that the first device is in an RRC_inactive state, the resource type is one of the second set of resource types comprising periodic, semi-persistent, and in a case that the first device is in an RRC_idle state, the resource type is one of the third set of resource types comprising periodic.
[0424] In some embodiments, the first device is the RRC_connected state, an RRC_inactive state or an RRC_idle state in a case that the first device is in the sensing stage within which the first device performs at least one of the following: not transmitting sensing signals for sensing an object; or de-prioritizing a priority of recourse configured for sensing an object, the first device is the RRC_connected state, the RRC_inactive state or the RRC_idle state in a case that the first device is in the sensing stage within which the first device performs at least one of the following: detecting an object to be sensed by measuring sensing signals transmitted on at least one periodic resource; or not reporting measurement or sensing results; or the first device is the RRC_connected state or the RRC_inactive state in a case that the first device is in the sensing stage within which the first device performs at least one of the following: detecting at least one object, measuring sensing signals reflected by an object, reporting measurement or sensing results, or tracking the at least one object.
[0425] In some embodiments, if the first device is in the RRC_connected state or RRC_inactive state and the configuration information indicating the sensing resources for a sensing stage during which the first device performs at least one of the following: detecting an object to be sensed; or not reporting measurement or sensing results; the sensing resources is periodic or semi-persistent.
[0426] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the second device to: transmit, to the first device, a configuration message comprising a plurality of resource identities corresponding to a plurality of sensing resources; and transmit, to the first device, an activation or deactivation message comprising at least one resource identity of plurality of resource identities.
[0427] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the second device to: transmit, to the first device a configuration message comprising a plurality of set identities corresponding to the plurality of resource sets, each resource set comprising at least one sensing resource; and transmit, to the first device an activation or deactivation message comprising at least one set identity of the plurality of set identities, wherein resources in a same resource set are associated with at least one same parameter comprising at least one of the following: a start position of sensing resource, a periodicity of sensing resource, an offset of sensing resource in time domain or frequency domain, a duration of the periodic resource, a subcarrier spacing (SCS) of the periodic resource, a priority of the periodic resource, or a comb offset of sing resource in time domain or frequency domain.
[0428] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the second device to: transmit, to the first device a configuration message comprising a plurality of list identities corresponding to the plurality of resource lists, each resource list comprising at least one resource set and each resource set comprising at least one sensing resource; and transmit, to the first device, an activation or deactivation message comprising at least one list identity of the plurality of list identities, wherein, resources in a same resource set are associated with at least one same first parameter comprising at least one of the following: a start position of sensing resource, a periodicity of sensing resource, an offset of sensing resource in time domain or frequency domain, a duration of the periodic resource, a subcarrier spacing (SCS) of the periodic resource, a priority of the periodic resource, or a comb offset of sing resource in time domain or frequency domain and wherein resources in a same resource list are associated with at least one same second parameter, the at least one same second parameter is a subset of the at least one same first parameter.
[0429] In some embodiments, the configuration information further indicates beam-related information, and the beam-related information is associated with one of the following: a specific sensing resource, a specific resource set, or a specific resource list.
[0430] In some embodiments, if the first device is in the RRC_connected state and the configuration information indicating the sensing resources for a sensing stage during which the first device performs at least one of the following: detecting at least one object, measuring sensing signals reflected by an object, reporting measurement or sensing results, or tracking at least one object; the sensing resources is aperiodic, periodic or semi-persistent.
[0431] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the second device to: transmit, to the first device, a configuration message comprising a resource table comprising a plurality of resource indexes corresponding to a plurality of sensing resources; and transmit, to the first device, an indication indicating at least one resource index in the resource table.
[0432] In some embodiments, the configuration information further indicates beam-related information comprising at least one of the following: a beam index, location-related information, angle-related information, quasi co-location (QCL) information, an angle of arrival of sensing signal reception, or an angle of departure of sensing signal transmission.
[0433] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the second device to: prior to transmitting the configuration information, receive at least one of the following to the second device: location information of an object to be sensed, or angle information of an object to be sensed.
[0434] In some embodiments, in a case that the first device is in an RRC_inactive state, the configuration information is comprised in a radio resource control (RRC) and the resource type of the sensing resources is periodic or semi-persistent.
[0435] In some embodiments, in a case that the resource type of the sensing resources is semi-persistent, the configuration information further indicates a valid duration of the semi-persistent sensing resources configuration.
[0436] In some embodiments, the configuration information indicating at least one of the following: a first resource used for transmitting sensing signals to be received by a second device, a second resource used for transmitting sensing signals to be received by a further first device, a third resource used for receiving sensing signals transmitted by a second device a fourth resource used for receiving sensing signals transmitted by a further device, a fifth used for transmitting and receiving sensing signals by itself, a first bandwidth part associated with the first resource, a second bandwidth part associated with the second resource, a third bandwidth part associated with the third resource, a fourth bandwidth part associated with the fourth resource, or a fifth bandwidth part associated with the fifth resource.
[0437] In some embodiments, if the first device is in the RRC_connected state, the maximum number of sensing resources allowed to be configured is a first number, if the first device is in an RRC_inactive state, the maximum number of sensing resources allowed to be configured is a second number, wherein the second number is larger than the first number.
[0438] In some embodiments, in a case that the first device is in an RRC_idle state, common reference signals are used as sensing signals for sensing an object.
[0439] In some embodiments, a first resource is configured for a common reference signals and the first resource is configured with a first frequency range and a first periodicity, and wherein a second frequency range of a second resource available for performing the sensing function is a subset of a first frequency range of the first resource, a second periodicity of the second resource is the same as the first periodicity, or a starting point of the second resource corresponding a time point after a time offset from a given reference time point.
[0440] In some embodiments, the second resource comprises a plurality of sensing occasions, each sensing occasion comprises two symbols, and one symbols is reserved between two adjacent sensing occasions.
[0441] In some embodiments, in a case that the first device is in an RRC_idle state, sensing signals is scrambled by one of the following: an occasion index, a beam index, a factor determined by performing a modulus operation between a cell identity and a pre-defined integer.
[0442] In an aspect, a first device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the first device discussed above.
[0443] In an aspect, a second device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the second device discussed above.
[0444] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the first device discussed above.
[0445] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the second device discussed above.
[0446] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the first device discussed above.
[0447] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the second device discussed above.
[0448] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it will be appreciated that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0449] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the process or method as described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 8. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0450] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0451] The above program code may be embodied on a machine readable medium, which may be any tangible medium that may contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine readable medium may be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium. A machine readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0452] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0453] Although the present disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A first device comprising:a processor configured to cause the first device to:receive, from a second device, configuration information used for indicating sensing resources to be used by the first device; andperform a sensing function based on the sensing resources, wherein,in a case that the first device is the in a radio resource control (RRC) _connected state, a resource type of the sensing resources is one of a first set of resource types, andin a case that the first device is an RRC state rather than the RRC_connected state, the resource type is one of a further set of resource types different from the first set of resource types.2.The first device of claim 1, wherein,in a case that the first device is in the RRC_connected state, the resource type is one of the first set of resource types comprising periodic, semi-persistent, and aperiodic,in a case that the first device is in an RRC_inactive state, the resource type is one of the second set of resource types comprising periodic, semi-persistent, andin a case that the first device is in an RRC_idle state, the resource type is one of the third set of resource types comprising periodic.3.The first device of claim 1,the first device is the RRC_connected state, an RRC_inactive state or an RRC_idle state in a case that the first device is in the sensing stage within which the first device performs at least one of the following:not transmitting sensing signals for sensing an object; orde-prioritizing a priority of recourse configured for sensing an object,the first device is the RRC_connected state, the RRC_inactive state or the RRC_idle state in a case that the first device is in the sensing stage within which the first device performs at least one of the following:detecting an object to be sensed by measuring sensing signals transmitted on at least one periodic or semi-persistent resource; ornot reporting measurement or sensing results; orthe first device is the RRC_connected state or the RRC_inactive state in a case that the first device is in the sensing stage within which the first device performs at least one of the following:detecting at least one object,measuring sensing signals reflected by an object,reporting measurement or sensing results, ortracking the at least one object.4.The first device of claim 1, wherein if the first device is in the RRC_connected state or RRC_inactive state and the configuration information indicates the sensing resources for a sensing stage during which the first device performs at least one of the following:detecting an object to be sensed; ornot reporting measurement or sensing results;the sensing resources is periodic or semi-persistent.5.The first device of claim 4, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first device to:receive, from the second device, a configuration message comprising a plurality of set identities corresponding to the plurality of resource sets, each resource set comprising at least one sensing resource; andreceive, from the second device, an activation or deactivation message comprising at least one set identity of the plurality of set identities,wherein resources in a same resource set are associated with at least one same parameter comprising at least one of the following:a start position of sensing resource,a periodicity of sensing resource,an offset of sensing resource in time domain or frequency domain,a duration of the periodic resource,a subcarrier spacing (SCS) of the periodic resource,a priority of the periodic resource, ora comb offset of sing resource in time domain or frequency domain.6.The first device of claim 4, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first device to:receive, from the second device, a configuration message comprising a plurality of list identities corresponding to the plurality of resource lists, each resource list comprising at least one resource set and each resource set comprising at least one sensing resource; andreceive, from the second device, an activation or deactivation message comprising at least one list identity of the plurality of list identities,wherein, resources in a same resource set are associated with at least one same first parameter comprising at least one of the following:a start position of sensing resource,a periodicity of sensing resource,an offset of sensing resource in time domain or frequency domain,a duration of the periodic resource,a subcarrier spacing (SCS) of the periodic resource,a priority of the periodic resource, ora comb offset of sing resource in time domain or frequency domainand wherein resources in a same resource list are associated with at least one same second parameter, the at least one same second parameter is a subset of the at least one same first parameter.7.The first device of claim 1, wherein if the first device is in the RRC_connected state and the configuration information indicates the sensing resources for a sensing stage during which the first device performs at least one of the following:detecting at least one object,measuring sensing signals reflected by an object,reporting measurement or sensing results, ortracking at least one object;the sensing resources is aperiodic, periodic or semi-persistent.8.The first device of claim 7, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first device to:receive, from the second device, a configuration message comprising a resource table comprising a plurality of resource indexes corresponding to a plurality of sensing resources; andreceive, from the second device, an indication indicating at least one resource index in the resource table.9.The first device of claim 8, wherein the configuration information further indicates beam-related information comprising at least one of the following:a beam index,location-related information,angle-related information,quasi co-location (QCL) information,an angle of arrival of sensing signal reception, oran angle of departure of sensing signal transmission.10.The first device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first device to:if the first device is in an RRC_idle state, perform at least one of the following:not expecting to transmit sensing signals for sensing an object;not expecting to be operated in a sensing stage within which the first device needs to report measurement or sensing results, or needs to track an abject.11.The first device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first device to:in a case that the first device is in an RRC_idle state, in response detecting an object, trigger a transition to the RRC_connected state or initiate a random access procedure.12.The first device of claim 1, wherein,in a case that the first device is in an RRC_idle state, common reference signals are used as sensing signals for sensing an object.13.The first device of claim 1, wherein in a case that the first device is in an RRC_idle state, sensing signals is scrambled by one of the following:an occasion index,a beam index,a factor determined by performing a modulus operation between a cell identity and a pre-defined integer.14.A first device comprising:a processor configured to cause the first device to:determine parameters used for determining a transmission power of sensing signal, the parameters comprising:a maximum power value supported by the first device,a sensing path loss, anda power compensation factor for sensing; anddetermine the transmission power of sensing signal based one the parameters; andtransmit, sensing signals by using the determined transmission power, the sensing signals being used for sensing at least object.15.The first device of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first device to:transmit, at least one of the maximum power value and the sensing path loss to the second device.16.The first device of claim 14, wherein the maximum power value or the power compensation factor for sensing is associated with at least of the following:a power status of the first device,a present RRC state of the first device, ora sensing stage of the first device, ora sensing mode of the first device, ora manner for determining the sensing path loss value, ora user equipment (UE) capability.17.The first device of claim 14, wherein the sensing path loss is determined based one of the following:a minimum, maximum or average receiving power value of multiple receiving powers, wherein each of the multiple receiving powers is determined per sensing path,a receiving power of line of sight (LOS) sensing path,a receiving power of a reference sensing path,or wherein the sensing path loss is determined to be one of the following:a minimum, maximum or average sensing path loss value of multiple sensing path loss values of multiple sensing paths,a sensing path loss value of the reference sensing path, ora sensing path loss value of the LOS sensing path.18.The first device of claim 17, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first device to:receive information about the reference sensing path from the second device, the information about the reference sensing path including the transmission delay.19.The first device of claim 14, wherein the power compensation factor for sensing is determined based on a first mapping between power compensation factor values and sensing requirements.20.The first device of claim 19, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first device to:determine the sensing requirement, and determine the power compensation factor based on the determined sensing requirement and the first mapping; orreceive a message indicating an index of power compensation factor, and determine the power compensation factor based on the index and the first mapping, wherein each power compensation factor in the first mapping is identified by a respective index.21.The first device of claim 14, wherein,the power compensation factor is determined to be a first value if the sensing path loss is determined in a first manner,the power compensation factor is determined to be a second value different from the first value if the sensing path loss is determined in a second manner different from the first manner.22.The first device of claim 14, wherein,the power compensation factor is determined to be a first value if the sensing path loss is determined based on a minimum receiving power value of multiple receiving powers of multiple sensing paths,the power compensation factor is determined to be a second value if the sensing path loss is determined based on an average receiving power value of multiple receiving powers of multiple sensing paths,the power compensation factor is determined to be a third value if the sensing path loss is determined based on a receiving power of a reference sensing path,the power compensation factor is determined to be a fourth value if the sensing path loss is determined based on a maximum receiving power value of multiple receiving powers of multiple sensing paths or a receiving power of non-line of sight sensing path,and wherein,the first value is larger than the second value, the third value or the fourth value, orthe second value or the third value is larger than the fourth value.23.The first device of claim 14, wherein the power compensation factor is determined by applying at least one of the following to a reference power compensation factor: an additional compensation or a scaling factor,wherein the additional compensation or the scaling factor is associated with at least one of the following:a sensing stage of the first device,a sensing mode of the first device, ora manner for determining the sensing path loss.24.The first device of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first device to:receive control information from the second device, the control information indicating a value of the power compensation factor or an index of power compensation factor.25.The first device of claim 14, wherein if the first device in an RRC_inactive state, the sensing path loss is determined based on one of the following:a receiving power value of system information,a common reference signal, ora sensing signal dedicated for measuring the sensing path loss.26.A first device comprising:a processor configured to cause the first device to:during a sensing duration comprising a plurality of sensing resources, perform at least one of the following:not expecting any data transmission is performed during the sensing duration;in accordance with a determination that there is no sensing transmission on a sensing resource of the plurality of sensing resources, performing a data transmission on the sensing resource by using a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS) different from a second MCS used for a data transmission beyond the sensing duration, orin accordance with a determination that there is no sensing transmission on the plurality of sensing resources, performing a data transmission on the plurality of sensing resource by using a first MCS same as a second MCS used for a data transmission beyond the sensing duration.
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