Antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, and producing methods thereof
Antibodies with specific hinge region substitutions and a novel conjugation method improve ADC homogeneity, addressing stability and safety issues by controlling drug-to-antibody ratios, resulting in more effective and safer drug delivery.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/075491
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-02-08
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-27
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-14
AI Technical Summary
Current antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) face challenges in achieving homogeneity due to variations in the number of payloads linked to the antibody, affecting stability, pharmacokinetics, and safety profiles.
Development of antibodies with specific amino acid substitutions in the hinge region, combined with a novel conjugation method involving transition metal ions and reductants, to enhance the homogeneity of ADCs by controlling the drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) and improving thiol reduction selectivity.
The proposed method results in highly homogeneous ADCs with controlled DAR, enhancing stability and safety profiles while maintaining effective drug delivery.
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Figure CN2025075491_14082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
ANTIBODIES, ANTIBODY-DRUG CONJUGATES, AND PRODUCING METHODS THEREOFTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The disclosure relates to the antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, and the methods for producing the antibody-drug conjugates.BACKGROUND
[0002] The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and do not necessarily constitute prior art.
[0003] Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are typically composed of an antibody and a small molecule drug conjugated to the antibody via a chemical linker. After decades of preclinical and clinical studies, a series of ADCs have been approved for treating specific tumor types.
[0004] A key step in the preparation of an ADC is the covalent conjugation step of a payload to the antibody. WO2022084560A1 discloses that enzymatic conjugation (such as microbial transglutaminase (MTG) , transglutaminase-based conjugation approach, engineered antibody) , so that sequence insertions which has shown great interest since these conjugation reactions are typically fast, site-specific and can be done under physiological conditions. While the sequence insertions may increase immunogenicity and decrease the overall stability of the antibody.
[0005] Most ADCs in current clinical development were made by conjugation to endogenous lysine or cysteine residues of the antibody, carefully controlling the average degree of modification. The number of payloads linked to an antibody molecule may vary, such that an ADC preparation may be heterogeneous in nature, increasing the homogeneity and complexity of ADCs. ADCs with increased homogeneity and complexity could have a negative impact on stability, pharmacokinetics, aggregation and ultimately safety profile.
[0006] In view of the foregoing, there is still a need in the art for improved methods for generating ADCs with an improved homogeneity.SUMMARY
[0007] For the above-mentioned purpose, provided herein is a novel antibody with one or more amino acid substitution at hinge region, the substitution is helpful to improve the homogeneity of antibody-drug conjugate.
[0008] In one aspect, the disclosure provides an antibody comprising a hinge region, wherein the hinge region comprises an amino acid sequence of X1X2X3X4X5CPPX6, X1 is D or H; X2 is E, D, K or S; X3 is E, T, H or D; X4 is T, H, D, S or E; X5 is E, H, T or D; X6 is G, A, H, D, E, Y, C, S, V, L, I or F; or, the hinge region comprises an amino acid sequence of X11X12THX15CPPC (SEQ ID NO: 30) , X11 is H, D, or S; X12 is K or S, X15 is T or R;
[0009] the amino acid sequence of X11X12THX15CPPC or X1X2X3X4X5CPPX6 isn't DKTHTCPPC (SEQ ID NO: 26) .
[0010] In some embodiments, the X1X2X3X4X5CPPX6 is selected from any of the following groups:
[0011] (1) X1 is D or H; X2 is D, K or S; X3 is T, H or D; X4 is T, H, D, S or E; X5 is H, T or D; X6 is C, S, V, L, I or F.
[0012] (2) X1 is H; X2 is D, K or S; X3 is T, H or D; X4 is T, H, D, S or E; X5 is H, T or D; X6 is C, S, V, L, I or F;
[0013] (3) X1 is H; X2 is D, K or S; X3 is T, H or D; X4 is D; X5 is H, T or D; X6 is G, A, H, D, E, Y, C, S, V, L, I or F;
[0014] (4) X1 is H; X2 is D, K or S; X3 is T, H or D; X4 is D; X5 is H, T or D; X6 is C, S, V, L, I or F;
[0015] (5) X1 is H; each X2, X3, and X5 independently is E;
[0016] (6) X1 is H; X4 is D; X6 is G, A, H, D, E, Y, C, S, V, L, I or F;
[0017] (7) X1 is D; X2 is K; X3 is T or H; X4 is T or H; X5 is H, T or D; X6 is C.
[0018] In some embodiments, the X11X12THX15CPPC is selected from any of the following groups:
[0019] (1) X11 is H or S; X15 is T; (2) X11 is D; X15 is R.
[0020] In another aspect, the disclosure provides an antibody-drug conjugate, including the antibody described above, and at least one linker-payload, optionally, the drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) is about 2 to 8, or 2 to 6.
[0021] In some embodiments, the linker-payloads include a first linker-payload and / or a second linker-payload, each the first linker-payload and the second linker-payload independently includes at least one thioreactive group or thiobridge reagent.
[0022] In some embodiments, the antibody-drug conjugate is about DAR4, the ratio of antibody-drug conjugates with DAR4 is up to 60%, optionally, up to 65%, 70%, 72%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%or more; or
[0023] In some embodiments, the antibody-drug conjugate is about DAR2, bearing the linker-payload via the thiobridge reagent, the ratio of antibody-drug conjugates with DAR2 is up to 60%, optionally, up to 65%, 70%, 72%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, or more; or
[0024] the antibody-drug conjugate is about DAR6, the ratio of antibody-drug conjugates with about DAR6 is up to 60%, optionally, up to 65%, 70%, 72%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%or more; or
[0025] the antibody-drug conjugate is about DAR3, bearing the linker-payload via the thiobridge reagent, the ratio of antibody-drug conjugates with about DAR3 is up to 60%, optionally, up to 65%, 70%, 72%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%or more; or
[0026] the antibody-drug conjugate is dual-payload with about DAR2+RDA4, bearing the first linker-payload with about DAR2 and the second linker-payload with about DAR4, the ratio of antibody-drug conjugates with DAR2+RDA4 is up to 50%, optionally, up to 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%or more; or
[0027] the antibody-drug conjugate is dual-payload with about DAR4+DAR2, bearing the first linker-payload with about DAR4 and the second linker-payload with about DAR2, the ratio of antibody-drug conjugates with DAR4+RDA2 is up to 60%, optionally, up to 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 75%or more; or
[0028] the antibody-drug conjugate is dual-payload with about DAR4+DAR4, bearing the first linker-payload with about DAR4 and the second linker-payload with about DAR4, the ratio of antibody-drug conjugates with DAR4+RDA4 is up to 60%, optionally, up to 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%or more; or
[0029] the antibody-drug conjugate is dual-payload with about DAR6+DAR2, bearing the first linker-payload with about DAR6 and the second linker-payload with about DAR2, the ratio of antibody-drug conjugates with DAR6+RDA2 is up to 60%, optionally, up to 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%or more.
[0030] In another aspect, the disclosure provides a method for producing antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) , including the following steps:
[0031] (a) incubating an antibody described above and a first reductant in the presence of a first transition metal ion in a first reaction buffer, to reduce at least one interchain disulfide bond of the antibody,
[0032] (b) introducing a first metal chelator and first linker-payloads to react with reduced thiol groups resulted from (a) ,
[0033] (c) subjecting the mixture from (b) to purification yielding product ADC.
[0034] In some embodiments, the method further includes:
[0035] (d) incubating the ADC from (c) and a second reductant in the presence of a second transition metal ion in a second reaction buffer to reduce at least one remained interchain disulfide bond of the ADC,
[0036] (e) introducing second linker-payloads to react with reduced thiol groups resulted from (d) ,
[0037] (f) subjecting the mixture from (e) to purification yielding dual-payload ADC product.
[0038] In another aspect, the disclosure provides a polynucleotide encoding the antibody described above.
[0039] In another aspect, the disclosure provides a vector including the polynucleotide.
[0040] In another aspect, the disclosure provides a host cell including the polynucleotide or the vector.
[0041] In another aspect, the disclosure provides a kit including the antibody, the antibody-drug conjugate, the polynucleotide, the vector, or the host cell described above.
[0042] In another aspect, the disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition including the antibody, the antibody-drug conjugate, the antibody-drug conjugate prepared by the method above, and at least a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0043] In another aspect, the disclosure provides the use of the antibody, the antibody-drug conjugate, the polynucleotide, the vector, the hose cell, the kit, or pharmaceutical composition in the manufacture of a therapeutic agent for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of a disease.
[0044] In another aspect, the disclosure provides a method of preventing, diagnosing or treating a disease in a subject in need thereof, including administrating to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the antibody, the antibody-drug conjugate, the polynucleotide, the vector, the hose cell, the kit, or pharmaceutical composition.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0045] The following is a brief description of the drawings, which are presented for the purposes of illustrating the exemplary embodiments disclosed herein and not for the purposes of limiting the same.
[0046] Figures 1~10 show chromatograms of Hydrophobic interaction chromatography-High performance liquid chromatography (abbreviated as HIC-HPLC) of ADCs produced by Example 1-1~1-8 and Comparative Example 1-1~1-2, respectively. “D” in the figure indicates “DAR” .
[0047] Figure 11 shows the HIC-HPLC chromatogram of ADC produced by Example 2-6.
[0048] Figure 12 shows the HIC-HPLC chromatogram of ADC produced by Comparative Example 1-3.
[0049] Figures 13~39 show the HIC-HPLC chromatograms of ADCs produced by Example 2-1~2-5 and Example 2-7~29, respectively.
[0050] Figures 40~63 show the HIC-HPLC chromatograms of ADCs produced by Example 3-1~3-24, respectively.
[0051] Figures 64~66 show the HIC-HPLC chromatograms of ADCs produced by Example 4-1~4-3, respectively.
[0052] Figures 67~68 show the HIC-HPLC chromatograms of ADCs produced by Example 5-1~5-2, respectively.
[0053] Figures 69~70 show the HIC-HPLC chromatograms of ADCs produced by Example 6 in step (c) and (f) , respectively.
[0054] Figures 71~72 show the HIC-HPLC chromatograms of ADCs produced by Example 6-2 in step (c) and (f) , respectively.
[0055] Figures 73~83 show the HIC-HPLC chromatograms of ADCs produced by Example 8-1~8-11, respectively.
[0056] Figures 84~87 show the HIC-HPLC chromatograms of ADCs produced by Example 4-4~4-7, respectively.
[0057] Figures 88~93 show the HIC-HPLC chromatograms of ADCs produced by Example 1-9~1-14, respectively.
[0058] Figure 94 shows the HIC-HPLC chromatogram of ADC produced by Example 7.
[0059] Figure 95 shows the HIC-HPLC chromatogram of ADC produced by Comparative Example 8-1.
[0060] Figure 96 shows the HIC-HPLC chromatogram of ADC produced by Comparative Example 3-1.
[0061] Figures 97~99 show the HIC-HPLC chromatograms of ADCs produced by Example 8-15~8-17, respectively.
[0062] Figures 100~101 show the HIC-HPLC chromatograms of ADCs produced by Example 1-15~1-16, respectively.
[0063] Figures 102~106 show the HIC-HPLC chromatograms of ADCs produced by Example 1-17~1-21, respectively.
[0064] Figures 107~108 show the HIC-HPLC chromatograms of ADCs produced by Example 8-12~8-13, respectively.
[0065] Figure 109 shows the HIC-HPLC chromatogram of ADC produced by Example 1-22.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0066] The present disclosure is explained in greater detail below. This description is not intended to be a detailed catalog of all the different ways in which the invention may be implemented, or all the features that may be added to the instant invention. For example, features illustrated with respect to one embodiment may be incorporated into other embodiments, and features illustrated with respect to a particular embodiment may be deleted from that embodiment. In addition, numerous variations and additions to the various embodiments suggested herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the instant disclosure which do not depart from the instant invention. Hence, the following description is intended to illustrate some particular embodiments of the invention, and not to exhaustively specify all permutations, combinations and variations thereof.
[0067] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the disclosure pertains. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the practice for testing of the present disclosure, the preferred materials and methods are described herein. In describing and claiming the present disclosure, the following terminology will be used.
[0068] Antibody
[0069] The present disclosure provides examples of an antibody including one or more amino acid substitutions in the hinge region.
[0070] Generally, the term “antibody” refers to any immunoglobulin, monoclonal antibody, polyclonal antibody, multispecific antibody, or bispecific (bivalent) antibody that binds to a specific antigen. A native intact antibody comprises two heavy chains and two light chains. Each heavy chain consists of a variable region ( “HCVR” ) , hinge region and a first, second, and third constant region (CH1, CH2 and CH3) , while each light chain consists of a variable region ( “LCVR” ) and a constant region (CL) . Mammalian heavy chains are classified as α, δ, ε, γ and μ, and mammalian light chains are classified as λ or κ. The antibody has a "Y" shape, with the stem of the Y consisting of the second and third constant regions of two heavy chains bound together via disulfide bonding. Each arm of the Y includes the variable region and first constant region of a single heavy chain bound to the variable and constant regions of a single light chain. The variable regions of the light and heavy chains are responsible for antigen binding. The variable regions in both chains generally contain three highly variable loops called the complementarity determining regions (CDRs) (light (L) chain CDRs including LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3, heavy (H) chain CDRs including HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3) . CDR boundaries for antibodies may be defined or identified by the conventions of Kabat, Chothia, or Al-Lazikani (Al-Lazikani, B., Chothia, C., Lesk, A.M., J. Mol. Biol., 273 (4) , 927 (1997) ; Chothia, C. et al., J Mol Biol. Dec 5; 186 (3) : 651-63 (1985) ; Chothia, C. and Lesk, A.M., J. Mol. Biol., 196, 901 (1987) ; Chothia, C. et al., Nature. Dec 21-28; 342 (6252) : 877-83 (1989) ; Kabat E.A. et al., National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. (1991) ) . The three CDRs are interposed between flanking stretches known as framework regions (FRs) , which are more highly conserved than the CDRs and form a scaffold to support the hypervariable loops. Each HCVR and LCVR comprises four FRs, and the CDRs and FRs are arranged from amino terminus to carboxy terminus in the order: FR1, CDR1, FR2, CDR2, FR3, CDR3, FR4. The constant regions of the heavy and light chains are not involved in antigen binding but exhibit various effector functions. Antibodies are assigned to classes based on the amino acid sequence of the constant region of their heavy chain. The five major classes or isotypes of antibodies are IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM, which are characterized by the presence of α, δ, ε, γ, and μ heavy chains, respectively. Several of the major antibody classes are divided into subclasses such as IgG1 (γ1 heavy chain) , IgG2 (γ2 heavy chain) , IgG3 (γ3 heavy chain) , IgG4 (γ4 heavy chain) , IgA1 (α1 heavy chain) , or IgA2 (α2 heavy chain) .
[0071] The term “hinge region” as used herein refers to the hinge region that joins the constant domains CH1 and CH2 of an antibody. Within the structure of the antibody, the two heavy chains are inter-connected via disulfide bonds in the hinge region. The hinge region and variations thereof, as used herein, includes the meaning known in the art, which is illustrated in, for example, Janeway et al., ImmunoBiology: the immune system in health and disease, (Elsevier Science Ltd., NY) (4th ed., 1999) ; Bloom et al., Protein Science (1997) , 6: 407-415; Humphreys et al., J. Immunol. Methods (1997) , 209: 193-202.
[0072] The antibody provided herein includes a hinge region including an amino acid sequence of X1X2X3X4X5CPPX6, X1 is D or H; X2 is E, D, K or S; X3 is E, T, H or D; X4 is T, H, D, S or E; X5 is E, H, T or D; X6 is G, A, H, D, E, Y, C, S, V, L, I or F; or
[0073] the hinge region includes an amino acid sequence of X11X12THX15CPPC (SEQ ID NO: 30) , X11 is H, D, or S; X12 is K or S, X15 is T or R;
[0074] the amino acid sequence of X11X12THX15CPPC or X1X2X3X4X5CPPX6 isn't DKTHTCPPC (SEQ ID NO: 26) .
[0075] The amino acids in the disclosure are represented as standard single-letter code according to the standard IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) amino acid abbreviation. Such as Alanine (A) , Cysteine (C) , Aspartic Acid (D) , Glutamic Acid (E) , Phenylalanine (F) , Glycine (G) , Histidine (H) , Isoleucine (I) , Lysine (K) , Leucine (L) , Methionine (M) , Asparagine (N) , Proline (P) , Glutamine (Q) , Arginine (R) , Serine (S) , Threonine (T) , Valine (V) , Tryptophan (W) , Tyrosine (Y) .
[0076] The amino acid of X1X2X3X4X5CPPX6 or X11X12THX15CPPC could be replaced by the conserved amino acid, therefor, the conserved amino acid replacements are also in the scope of the disclosure.
[0077] The term “conserved amino acid” herein generally refers to amino acids that belong to the same class or have similar characteristics (e.g., charge, side chain size, hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, backbone conformation, and rigidity) .
[0078] Illustratively, the following six groups are examples of amino acids that are considered to be conserved replacement of each other: 1) A, S, and T; 2) D and E; 3) N and Q; 4) R, K, and H; 5) I, L, M, and V; and 6) F, Y, and W.
[0079] In some embodiments, X1 is D or H; X2 is D, K or S; X3 is T, H or D; X4 is T, H, D, S or E; X5 is H, T or D; X6 is C, S, V, L, I or F.
[0080] In some embodiments, X1 is H. In some embodiments, X1 is H; X2 is D, K or S; X3 is T, H or D; X4 is T, H, D, S or E; X5 is H, T or D; X6 is C, S, V, L, I or F.
[0081] In some embodiments, X1 is H, X2 is S or D.
[0082] In some embodiments, X1 is H, X3 is D.
[0083] In some embodiments, X1 is H, X4 is D, S or E. In some embodiments, X1 is H, X4 is D or E. In some embodiments, X1 is H, X4 is D. In some embodiments, X1 is H; X4 is D; X6 is G, A, H, D, E, Y, C, S, V, L, I or F. In some embodiments, X1 is H; X2 is D, K or S; X3 is T, H or D; X4 is D; X5 is H, T or D; X6 is G, A, H, D, E, Y, C, S, V, L, I or F.
[0084] In some embodiments, X1 is H; X4 is D; X6 is A, Y, C, S, V, L, I or F. In some embodiments, X1 is H; X2 is D, K or S; X3 is T, H or D; X4 is D; X5 is H, T or D; X6 is C, S, V, L, I or F.
[0085] In some embodiments, X1 is H; X3 is T, or D; X4 is D, S or E; X5 is T or D. In some embodiments, X1 is H; X2 is K; X3 is T, or D; X4 is D, S or E; X5 is T or D. In some embodiments, X1 is H; X2 is K; X3 is T; X4 is D, S or E; X5 is T or D. In some embodiments, X1 is H; X2 is K; X3 is T; X4 is D or E; X5 is T. In some embodiments, X1 is H; X2 is D, X3 is S.
[0086] In some embodiments, X1 is H; X2 is K; X3 is T; X4 is D or E; X5 is T; X6 is S, V, L, I or F. In some embodiments, X1 is H; X2 is K; X3 is T; X4 is D or E; X5 is T; X6 is V, L, I or F.
[0087] In some embodiments, the X1X2X3X4X5CPPX6 has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 29, 31, or conserved substitution thereof.
[0088] In some embodiments, X1 is H; each X2, X3, and X5 independently is E.
[0089] In some embodiments, X1 is D; X2 is K; X6 is C. In some embodiments, X1 is D; X2 is K; X3 is T or H; X4 is T or H; X5 is H, T or D; X6 is C.
[0090] In some embodiments, the X1X2X3X4X5CPPX6 has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23, 24, 25, or conserved substitution thereof.
[0091] In some embodiments, the X1X2X3X4X5CPPX6 has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 29, 31, or conserved substitution thereof.
[0092] In some embodiments, the X1X2X3X4X5CPPX6 has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 29, 31, or conserved substitution thereof.
[0093] In some embodiments, In some embodiments, the X1X2X3X4X5CPPX6 has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 29, 31, or conserved substitution thereof. In some embodiments, X11 is H or S; X15 is T. In some embodiments, X11 is D; X15 is R.
[0094] In some embodiments, the X11X12THX15CPPC has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11, 13, 27, 28, or conserved substitution thereof.
[0095] In some embodiments, the antibody is an IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, or IgD antibody. In some embodiments, the antibody is an IgG antibody, such as IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4. In some embodiments, the antibody is an IgG1 antibody.
[0096] In some embodiments, the antibody has the heavy chain constant region including an amino acid sequence having at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, and the light chain constant region including an amino acid sequence having at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2.
[0097] In some embodiments, the antibody includes a heavy chain constant region comprising one or more amino acid substitution selected from the group consisting of K218H, D221H, K222S, K222D, T223H, T223D, H224S, H224D, H224E, H224T, T225H, T225R, T225D, C229S, C229V, C229L, C229I, C229E or combination thereof, as compared to SEQ ID NO: 1, the first amino acid at N-terminus of SEQ ID NO: 1 is defined as position 118. The position is defined by EU numbering.
[0098] In the disclosure, amino acid substitution D221H represents that the amino acid D at position 221 defined by EU numbering of heavy chain is mutated to amino acid H. Other mutations in the heavy chain have the similar meaning.
[0099] Some amino acid substitutions are (such as, K218H) at the Fab region of the antibody. The Fab fragment consists of an entire L chain along with the variable region domain of the H chain (VH) , and the first constant domain of one heavy chain (CH1) . Each Fab fragment is monovalent with respect to antigen binding, i.e., it has a single antigen-binding site. Pepsin treatment of an IgG antibody yields a single large F (ab′) 2 fragment which roughly corresponds to two disulfide linked Fab fragments having divalent antigen-binding activity and is still capable of cross-linking antigen. Fab′ fragments differ from Fab fragments by having additional few residues at the carboxy terminus of the CH1 domain including one or more cysteines from the antibody hinge region. Fab′-SH is the designation herein for Fab′ in which the cysteine residue (s) of the constant domains bear a free thiol group. F (ab′) 2 antibody fragments originally were produced as pairs of Fab′ fragments which have hinge cysteines between them. Other chemical couplings of antibody fragments are also known.
[0100] The mutation site in antibody plays an important role in determining the reduction selectivity, thus improving the homogeneity of antibody-drug conjugates.
[0101] In some embodiments, the antibody constant region includes the amino acid substitution from the following groups:
[0102] (1) D221H; (2) D221H and T225D; (3) D221H and K222S; (4) D221S, H224S and T225D; (5) D221H, T223D and H224S; (6) D221H and H224E; (7) D221H and H224D; (8) D221H, H224D and C229S; (9) D221H, H224D and C229V; (10) D221H, H224D and C229L; (11) D221H, H224D and C229I; (12) D221H, H224D and C229E; (13) K218H, D221H and H224S; (14) T225R; (15) D221H and K222D; (16) D221H and H224S; or (17) D221H, K222D and H224S.
[0103] In some embodiments, the antibody includes an antigen-binding fragment which can binds to one or more targeted antigen, optionally, the targeted antigen is expressed on tumor cells or is an immune checkpoint.
[0104] In some embodiments, the antigen-binding fragment binds to at least one antigen expressed on tumor cells. In some embodiments, the modified antibody binds to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) , erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (HER2) , CD3, calcium channel, programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PDL1) , CD19, kinase insert domain receptor (VEGFR) , glucagon like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R) , dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) , glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA (NMDAR) , bacterial DNA gyrase, programmed cell death 1 (PD1) , sodium channel protein (VGSC) , cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COX2) , DNA topoisomerase 2 (TOP2) , V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 4 (VSIG4) , CD276 molecule (B7-H3) , V-set domain containing T cell activation inhibitor 1 (B7-H4) , receptor tyrosine kinase like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) , receptor tyrosine kinase like orphan receptor 2 (ROR2) , erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 3 (HER3) , MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase (c-MET) , CEA cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM5) , interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha (CD25) , transferrin receptor (CD71) , CD70, CD74, CD38, TNF receptor superfamily member 17 (BCMA) , tumor associated calcium signal transducer 2 (TROP2) , CD79b, claudin 6 (CLDN6) , Claudin18.2, Mesothelin, trophoblast glycoprotein (5T4) , solute carrier family 39 member 6 (LIV-1) , archaeal proteasome endopeptidase complex subunit alpha (PSMA) , coagulation factor III (CD142) , mucin 1 (MUC-1) , mucin 16 (MUC-16) , delta like canonical Notch ligand 3 (DLL3) , cadherin 6 (CDH6) , cadherin 3 (CDH3) , fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) , solute carrier family 34 member 2 (NaPi2b) , fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) , G protein-coupled receptor class C group 5 member D (GPRC5D) , leucine rich repeat containing 15 (LRRC15) , protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) , eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 2 (STn) , KIT proto-oncogene (CD117) , protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C (CD45) , lymphocyte antigen 6 family member E (Ly6E) , butyrophilin subfamily 3 member A1 (BTN3A1) , G protein-coupled receptor 65 (GPR65) , gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABA) , discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase 1 (DDR1) , ADP-ribosyltransferase 1 (ART1) , ariadne RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (ARIH1) , lysine demethylase 5B (KDM5B) , PVR cell adhesion molecule (CD155) , CD200 receptor 1 (CD200R1) , LIF interleukin 6 family cytokine (LIF) , leukocyte immunoglobulin like receptor B (LILRB) , killer cell lectin like receptor B1 (CD161) , SET domain bifurcated histone lysine methyltransferase 1 (SETB1) , COP1 E3 ubiquitin ligase (COP1) , CAP-Gly domain containing linker protein 1 (CLIP1) , CAP-Gly domain containing linker protein 1 (LTK) , lysine demethylase 1A (LSD1) , methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit (METTL3) , Myeloproliferative syndrome, transient (transient abnormal (TAM) , basal cell adhesion molecule (BCAM) , nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 3 (NSD3) , selectin P ligand (PSGL-1) , interleukin 8 (IL8) , protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2) , C-C motif chemokine receptor 8 (CCR8) , SRY-box transcription factor 4 (SOX4) , elastase, neutrophil expressed (ELANE) , folate receptor (FOLR) , cadherin 17 (CDH17) , Nectin 4, tyrosine kinase non receptor 1 (TNK1) , the combination thereof.
[0105] In some embodiments, the antigen-binding fragment is targeted to HER2, FOLR, CDH17, DLL3, or the combination thereof.
[0106] In some embodiments, the antibody is derived from a marketed anti-HER2 antibody, the parent anti-HER2 antibody (also called wild type, WT) has the heavy chain of SEQ ID NO: 3, and the light chain of SEQ ID NO: 4, i.e., trastuzumab.
[0107] In some embodiments, the antibody is derived from a marketed anti-DLL3 antibody, the parent anti-DLL3 antibody (also called wild type, WT) has the heavy chain of SEQ ID NO: 5, and the light chain of SEQ ID NO: 6, i.e., Rovalpituzumab.
[0108] In some embodiments, the antibody is derived from a marketed anti-FOLR antibody, the parent anti-FOLR antibody (also called wild type, WT) has the heavy chain of SEQ ID NO: 7, and the light chain of SEQ ID NO: 8, i.e., Farletuzumab.
[0109] In some embodiments, the antibody is derived from a marketed anti-CDH17 antibody, the parent anti-CDH17 antibody (also called wild type, WT) has the heavy chain of SEQ ID NO: 9, and the light chain of SEQ ID NO: 10.
[0110] In some embodiments, the disclosure provides examples of antibodies with one or more mutations in the hinge region, the parent antibodies and the mutations (underlined) are shown in the following:
[0111] These mutations in the above table help to enhance thiol reduction selectivity under reduction condition, thereby improving homogeneity of antibody-drug conjugates.
[0112] In some embodiments, the antibody including an amino acid sequence of X1X2X3X4X5CPPX6 can improve the homogeneity of antibody-drug conjugates with drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) 4.
[0113] In some embodiments, the antibody including an amino acid sequence of X11X12THX15CPPC can improve the homogeneity of antibody-drug conjugates with drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) 6.
[0114] In some embodiments, the antibody including an amino acid sequence of X11X12THX15CPPC or X1X2X3X4X5CPPX6 is applicable to prepare dual-payload antibody-drug conjugates.
[0115] Antibody-Drug Conjugates
[0116] The disclosure provides an antibody-drug conjugate, including the antibody described above.
[0117] In some embodiments, the antibody-drug conjugate includes a single kind of payload, i.e., only one kind of the linker-payload is chemical covalently conjugated to the antibody.
[0118] In some embodiments, the antibody-drug conjugate is dual-payload, i.e., two different kinds of the linker-payload are chemical covalently conjugated to the same antibody.
[0119] Generally, the linker-payload contains at least one (e.g., one or two) reactive group to chemical covalently conjugated to the antibody, the reactive group can react with the thiol group. In some embodiments, the reactive group includes thioreactive group and / or thiobridge reagent.
[0120] The term "thioreactive group" refers to the chemical group that reacts with one thiol group of an antibody, most common thioreactive group capable of bonding to thiol group is maleimide, or the organic chloride, bromides, iodides thereof.
[0121] The term "thiobridge reagent" refers to the chemical group that reacts with two thiol groups in the antibody, allowing re-bridging thiol groups in an antibody. The thiobridge reagent may have two reaction sites within a chemical group, or in two chemical groups, the thiobridge reagent is well-known to those skilled in the art, exemplary thiobridge reagent is dibromomaleimide. In some embodiments, the thiobridge reagent and a click chemistry regent, such as, an azido and dibenzocyclooctyne, could be used in combination to produce the ADCs.
[0122] As used herein, linker-payload is a chemical moiety, which is synthesized by connecting a linker to a payload. One terminus of the linker is covalently attached to the payload, and the other terminus of the linker is attached to the antibody via the thioreactive group or the thiobridge reagent.
[0123] There is no specific limitation to the linker-payload, it could be cleavable or noncleavable, chemically labile, or enzyme-labile linkers.
[0124] In some embodiments, the ADC contains a first linker-payload and / or a second linker-payload, each the first linker-payload and the second linker-payload independently includes at least one thioreactive group or thiobridge reagent.
[0125] In some embodiments, each the first linker-payload and the second linker-payload independently includes one, two or three thioreactive groups, to react with the reduced thiol groups of the antibody. In some embodiments, each the first linker-payload and the second linker-payload independently includes one. thioreactive group.
[0126] In some embodiments, each the first linker-payload and the second linker-payload independently includes one or two thiobridge reagents. In some embodiments, each the first linker-payload and the second linker-payload independently includes one thiobridge reagent.
[0127] In some embodiments, each the first linker-payload and the second linker-payload independently includes a payload, such as physiological active substance. In some embodiments, the payload includes cytotoxic agent, label, nucleic acids, radionuclide, hormone, immunomodulator, prodrug converting enzyme, ribonuclease, agonistic antibody, antagonistic antibody, and fragment thereof, fusion protein or derivative thereof, or the combination thereof.
[0128] In some embodiments, each the first linker-payload and the second linker-payload independently includes cytotoxic agent.
[0129] In some embodiments, each the first linker-payload and the second linker-payload independently includes but not limited to, MC-VC-PAB-MMAE, MC-VA-PAB-MMAE, MC-GGFG-DXd, MC-VC-PAB-MMAD, MC-VC-PAB-Eribulin, MC-MMAF or MC-VC-PAB-MMAF.
[0130] In some embodiments, each the first linker-payload and the second linker-payload independently includes but not limited to, Dibromomaleimide-PEG4-VC-PAB-MMAE, Dibromomaleimide-PEG4-VC-PAB-MMAF, Bis-Maleimide-PEG2-VC-MMAE, Bis-Maleimide-PEG4-VC-MMAE, Bis-Maleimide-PEG4-VC-DX8951 Bis-Maleimide-PEG4-VC-Eribulin, Bis-Maleimide-PEG2-VC-Eribulin, Bis-Maleimide-PEG2-MMAF, or Bis-Maleimide-PEG4-MMAF.
[0131] In some embodiments, each the first linker-payload and the second linker-payload independently is MC-VC-PAB-MMAE, MC-GGFG-Dxd, or Dibromomaleimide-PEG4-VC-PAB-MMAE.
[0132] The ADC is heterogeneous, the homogeneity could be evaluated by drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) , which is the average number of drugs attached to one antibody molecule. Generally, DAR4 means about four payloads (drugs) are attached to one antibody molecule. DAR2, DAR3 or DAR6 has the similar meaning.
[0133] As used herein, the term “about” refers to the number that varies by as much as 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%or 1%to a reference number. In particular embodiments, the terms “about” when preceding a numerical value indicates the value plus or minus a range of 15%, 10%, 5%, or 1%.
[0134] The DAR of the ADC is about 2 to 8, 2 to 6, or 4 to 6. In some embodiments, the DAR of the ADC is about 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8.
[0135] In some embodiments, the antibody-drug conjugates are about DAR4. In some embodiments, the antibody-drug conjugates are about DAR2, by linking the thiobridge reagent bearing payload to the antibody.
[0136] In some embodiments, the antibody-drug conjugates are about DAR6. In some embodiments, the antibody-drug conjugates are about DAR3, by linking the thiobridge reagent bearing payload to the antibody.
[0137] In some embodiments, the dual payload antibody-drug conjugates are about DAR2+RDA4, DAR2+RDA4, DAR4+DAR4, or DAR4+DAR2. The DAR value before “+” refers to the average number of the first linker-payload to one antibody molecule, and the DAR value after “+” refers to the average number of the second linker-payload to one antibody molecule.
[0138] In certain embodiments, the antibody including the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, or 25, is suitable for producing antibody-drug conjugates with about DAR4. Furthermore, in the case, the ADCs also could be DAR2, by linking thiobridge reagent bearing physiological active substances.
[0139] In certain embodiments, the antibody including the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11, 13, 27, or 28, is suitable for producing antibody-drug conjugates with about DAR6. Understandably, the antibody-drug conjugate with about DAR3 could be produced by thiobridge reagent bearing physiological active substances.
[0140] In some embodiments, the antibody-drug conjugates are about DAR4, the ratio of antibody-drug conjugates with about DAR4 is up to 60%, optionally, up to 65%, 70%, 72%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, or more. In some embodiments, the ratio of antibody-drug conjugates with about DAR4 is up to 60%, 65%, 70%, 72%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, or more.
[0141] In some embodiments, the antibody-drug conjugates about DAR2, bearing the linker-payload via the thiobridge reagent is about DAR2, the ratio of antibody-drug conjugates with DAR2 is up to 60%, optionally, up to 65%, 70%, 72%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, or more. In some embodiments, the ratio of antibody-drug conjugates with about DAR2 is up to 60%, 65%, 70%, 72%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, or more.
[0142] In some embodiments, the antibody-drug conjugates are about DAR6, the ratio of antibody-drug conjugates with about DAR6 is up to 60%, optionally, up to 65%, 70%, 72%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, or more. In some embodiments, the ratio of antibody-drug conjugates with about DAR6is up to 60%, 65%, 70%, 72%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, or more.
[0143] In some embodiments, the antibody-drug conjugate is about DAR3, bearing the linker-payload via the thiobridge reagent, the ratio of antibody-drug conjugates with about DAR3 is up to 60%, optionally, up to 65%, 70%, 72%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%or more. In some embodiments, the ratio of antibody-drug conjugates with about DAR3 is up to 60%, 65%, 70%, 72%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, or more.
[0144] In some embodiments, the antibody-drug conjugate is dual-payload with about DAR2+DAR4, bearing the first linker-payload with about DAR2 and the second linker-payload with about DAR4, the ratio of antibody-drug conjugates with about DAR2+RDA4 is up to 50%, optionally, up to 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, or more.
[0145] In some embodiments, the ratio of antibody-drug conjugates with about DAR2+RDA4 is up to 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 82%, 85%, 87%, 90%, 92%, 94%, or more.
[0146] In some embodiments, the antibody-drug conjugate is dual-payload with about DAR4+DAR2, bearing the first linker-payload with about DAR4 and the second linker-payload with about DAR2, the ratio of antibody-drug conjugates with about DAR4+RDA2 is up to 60%, optionally, up to 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 75%, or more.
[0147] In some embodiments, the ratio of antibody-drug conjugates with about DAR4+RDA2 is up to 60%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 77%, 80%, 82%, 85%, or more.
[0148] In some embodiments, the antibody-drug conjugate is dual-payload with about DAR4+DAR4, bearing the first linker-payload with about DAR4 and the second linker-payload with about DAR4, the ratio of antibody-drug conjugates with about DAR4+RDA4 is up to 60%, optionally, up to 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, or more.
[0149] In some embodiments, the ratio of antibody-drug conjugates with about DAR4+RDA4 is up to 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, or more.
[0150] In some embodiments, the antibody-drug conjugate is dual-payload with about DAR6+DAR2, bearing the first linker-payload with about DAR6 and the second linker-payload with about DAR2, the ratio of antibody-drug conjugates with DAR6+RDA2 is up to 60%, optionally, up to 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%or more. In some embodiments, the ratio of antibody-drug conjugates with about DAR6+RDA2 is up to 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, or more.
[0151] The antibody-drug conjugates provided herein have an improved homogeneity and great selectivity at hinge region, especially Fab region of the antibody.
[0152] Method for producing antibody-drug conjugates
[0153] The present disclosure provides a method for producing antibody-drug conjugates, the method includes the following steps:
[0154] (a) incubating an antibody and a first reductant in the presence of a first transition metal ion in a first reaction buffer, to reduce at least one interchain disulfide bond of the antibody,
[0155] (b) introducing a first metal chelator and first linker-payloads to react with reduced thiol groups resulted from (a) ,
[0156] (c) subjecting the mixture from (b) to purification yielding product ADC.
[0157] The resulting ADCs are single payload. In some embodiments, the antibody-drug conjugates are about DAR2, DAR3, DAR4 or DAR6.
[0158] In some embodiment, the method further includes the following steps to produce dual-payload antibody-drug conjugates:
[0159] (d) incubating the ADC from (c) and a second reductant in the presence of a second transition metal ion in a second reaction buffer to reduce at least one remained interchain disulfide bond of the ADC,
[0160] (e) introducing second linker-payloads to react with reduced thiol groups resulted from (d) ,
[0161] (f) subjecting the mixture from (e) to purification yielding dual-payload ADC product.
[0162] In some embodiments, the dual-payload antibody-drug conjugates are about DAR4+DAR2, DAR4+DAR4, DAR2+RDA4 or DAR6+DAR2.
[0163] In the method, each the first transition metal ion and the second transition metal ion independently is Zn2+ or Mn2+. The first transition metal ion and the second transition metal ion could be same or different.
[0164] In some embodiments, the Zn2+ and / or Mn2+ are derived from a salt or a complex of the transition metal ion. There is no specific limitation to the salts of the transition metal ions or the complexes of the transition metal ions, as long as the transition metal ions are soluble in the reaction solution and act as the resource of free transition metal ion for any further function or complexation in the reaction solution.
[0165] In some embodiments, the salts of the transition metal ion includes lactate, chloride, nitrate, sulfate, acetate, iodide, bromine, formate and / or tetrafluorborate.
[0166] In some embodiments, the Zn2+ is derived from divalent zinc salt. In some embodiments, the divalent zinc salt is selected from the group consisting of ZnCl2, Zn (NO3) 2, ZnSO4, Zn (CH3COO) 2, ZnI2, ZnBr2, Zinc Formate, and zinc tetrafluoroborate, or the combination thereof. Exemplary divalent zinc salt is ZnCl2, Zn (NO3) 2 or ZnSO4.
[0167] In some embodiment, the Mn2+ is derived from divalent manganate salt. In some embodiments, the divalent manganate salt is selected from the group consisting of MnSO4, MnCl2, MnBr2, and Mn (NO3) 2, or the combination thereof. Exemplary divalent manganate salt is MnSO4 or MnCl2.
[0168] In some embodiments, the first transition metal salt is ZnCl2, Zn (NO3) 2 or ZnSO4. In some embodiments, the first transition metal salt is MnSO4 or MnCl2. In some embodiments, the second transition metal salt is ZnCl2, Zn (NO3) 2 or ZnSO4. In some embodiments, the second transition metal salt is MnSO4 or MnCl2.
[0169] In some embodiments, the concentration of the first transition metal ion and the second transition metal ion in the reaction buffer is the same. In some embodiments, the concentration of the first transition metal ion and the second transition metal ion in the reaction buffer is different.
[0170] In some embodiment, the concentration of the first transition metal ion and the second transition metal ion in the reaction buffer independently is 0.01mM -2 mM, 0.1mM -2 mM, 0.2mM -2 mM, 0.3mM -2 mM, 0.05mM -2 mM, 0.1mM -1.5 mM, 0.01mM -1 mM, or 0.05mM -1.5 mM. In some embodiments, the concentration of the transition metal ion in the reaction buffer in step (a) and (d) independently is 0.2mM, 0.3mM, 0.4mM, 0.5mM, 0.6mM, 0.8mM, 1.0mM, 1.2mM, 1.4mM, 1.6mM, 1.8mM, or any value in the range between any values described above.
[0171] The molar ratio of the first transition metal ion and the antibody, and the molar ratio of the second transition metal ion and the antibody are the same or different.
[0172] In some embodiment, the molar ratio of the transition metal ion and the antibody in step (a) and (d) independently is (1-100) : 1, (5-100) : 1, (10-100) : 1, (30-100) : 1, (40-100) : 1, (50-100) : 1, (20-80) : 1, (30-70) : 1 or (30-50) : 1. In some embodiments, the molar ratio of the transition metal ion and the antibody dissolved in the reaction buffer in step (a) and (d) independently is 5: 1, 10: 1, 20: 1, 30: 1, 40: 1, 50: 1, 50: 1, 70: 1, 80: 1, 90: 1, 100: 1, or any value in the range between any values described above.
[0173] In some embodiment, each first reductant and the second reductant independently includes but not limited to TCEP (Tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine) , THPP (Tris (3-hydroxypropyl) phosphine) , TCEPNO, TCEP3, TCEP1, TCEP26, TCEP28 and / or TCEP33, the structures of the reductants are shown as the following:
[0174] In some embodiment, the first reductant is TCEP, and the second reductant is TCEP or THPP.
[0175] In some embodiments, the concentration of the first reductant and the second reductant independently is 0.02mM -0.2 mM, 0.02mM -0.15 mM, 0.02mM -0.12 mM, 0.02mM -0.1 mM, 0.04mM -0.2 mM. In some embodiments, the concentration of the reductant in the reaction buffer is 0.03mM, 0.04mM, 0.05mM, 0.07mM, 0.09mM, 0.1mM, 0.12mM, 0.15mM, 0.17mM, 0.19mM, 0.2mM, or any value in the range between any values described above.
[0176] In some embodiment, the molar ratio of the first reductant and the antibody is (2-8) : 1, (2-7) : 1, (2-5) : 1 or (2-3) : 1 to produce ADC with DAR4. In some embodiment, the molar ratio is 8, 7.5, 7, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5.0, 4.5, 4.0, 3.5, 3.0, 2.9, 2.8, 2.7, 2.6, 2.5, 2.4, 2.3, 2.2, 2.1, or any value in the range between any values described above.
[0177] In some embodiment, the molar ratio of the first reductant and the antibody is (2-8) : 1, (2-7) : 1, (2-5) : 1 or (2-3) : 1 to produce ADC with DAR2 by the thiobridge reagent. In some embodiment, the molar ratio is 8, 7.5, 7, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5.0, 4.5, 4.0, 3.5, 3.0, 2.9, 2.8, 2.7, 2.6, 2.5, 2.4, 2.3, 2.2, 2.1, or any value in the range between any values described above.
[0178] In some embodiment, the molar ratio of the first reductant and the antibody is (3.5-7) : 1, (3.5-6) : 1, (4-5) : 1, (4-6) : 1, (3-5) : 1 to produce ADC with DAR6. In some embodiment, the molar ratio is 3, 3.2, 3.4, 3.6, 3.8, 4.0, 4.2, 4.4, 4.6, 4.8, 5.0, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, or any value in the range between any values described above.
[0179] In some embodiment, the molar ratio of the first reductant and the antibody is (3-7) : 1, (3.5-7) : 1, (3.5-6) : 1, (4-5) : 1, (4-6) : 1, (3-5) : 1 to produce ADC with DAR3 by the thiobridge reagent. In some embodiment, the molar ratio is 3, 3.2, 3.4, 3.6, 3.8, 4.0, 4.2, 4.4, 4.6, 4.8, 5.0, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, or any value in the range between any values described above.
[0180] In some embodiment, the molar ratio of the first reductant and the antibody is (2-7) : 1, (2-6) : 1, (2-5) : 1, (2-4) : 1 or (2-3) : 1 and the molar ratio of the second reductant and the antibody is (1-7) : 1, (1-5) : 1, (2-3) : 1 or (3-5) : 1 to produce the ADC with about DAR4+DAR2.
[0181] In some embodiments, to produce the ADC with about DAR4+DAR2, the molar ratio of the first reductant and the antibody is 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, or any value in the range between any values described above; and the molar ratio of the second reductant and the antibody is 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, or any value in the range between any values described above.
[0182] In some embodiment, the molar ratio of the first reductant and the antibody is (2-7) : 1, (2-6) : 1, (2-5) : 1, (2-4) : 1 or (2-3) : 1 and the molar ratio of the second reductant and the antibody is (2-9) : 1, (2-7) : 1, (2-6) : 1, (2-5) : 1, (2-4) : 1, (2-3) : 1 or (3-5) : 1 to produce the ADC with about DAR2+DAR4.
[0183] In some embodiments, to produce the ADC with about DAR2+DAR4, the molar ratio of the first reductant and the antibody is 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, or any value in the range between any values described above; and the molar ratio of the second reductant and the antibody is 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, or any value in the range between any values described above.
[0184] In some embodiment, the molar ratio of the first reductant and the antibody is (2-7) : 1, (2-6) : 1, (2-5) : 1 , (2-4) : 1 or (2-3) : 1 and the molar ratio of the second reductant and the antibody is (2-9) : 1, (2-7) : 1, (2-6) : 1, (2-5) : 1, (2-4) : 1, (2-3) : 1 or (3-5) : 1 to produce the ADC with about DAR4+DAR4.
[0185] In some embodiments, to produce the ADC with about DAR4+DAR4, the molar ratio of the first reductant and the antibody is 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, or any value in the range between any values described above; and the molar ratio of the second reductant and the antibody is 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, or any value in the range between any values described above. In some embodiment, the molar ratio of the first reductant and the antibody is (3-7) : 1, (3.5-7) : 1, (3.5-6) : 1, (4-5) : 1, (4-6) : 1, (3-5) : 1 and the molar ratio of the second reductant and the antibody is (1-9) : 1, (1-7) : 1, (1-5) : 1, (2-3) : 1 or (3-5) : 1 to produce the ADC with about DAR6+DAR2.
[0186] In some embodiments, to produce the ADC with about DAR6+DAR2, the molar ratio of the first reductant and the antibody is 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, or any value in the range between any values described above; and the molar ratio of the second reductant and the antibody is 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, or any value in the range between any values described above.
[0187] In some embodiment, each the first reaction buffer and the second reaction buffer independently is PB, PBS, acetate buffer, His buffer, Bis-Tris buffer, PIPES buffer, ADA, HEPES buffer, MOPS buffer, MOBS buffer, DIPSO buffer, MOPSO buffer, TES buffer, TAPSO buffer, ACES buffer, BES buffer or MES buffer.
[0188] In some embodiment, the pH value of the first reaction buffer and the second reaction buffer independently is 5.5 to 8. In some embodiment, the pH value of the first reaction buffer and the second reaction buffer independently is 5.8 to 7.4. Exemplary pH value of the reaction buffer is 5.8, 6.4, 6.7, 7.0, 7.4.
[0189] In some embodiment, each the first metal chelator and the second metal chelator independently is ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) or pentetic acid (DTPA) . In some embodiment, the first metal chelator and the second metal chelator are EDTA.
[0190] The metal chelators have the use to remove the excess transition metal ions to promote the conjugation reaction. In some embodiments, the molar ratio of the first metal chelator and the antibody, or the molar ratio of the second metal chelator and the antibody is (10-250) : 1. In some embodiments, the molar ratio of the first metal chelator and the antibody, or the molar ratio of the second metal chelator and the antibody is (30-250) : 1. In some embodiments, the molar ratio of the first metal chelator and the antibody, or the molar ratio of the second metal chelator and the antibody is (80-250) : 1. In some embodiments, the molar ratio of first or the second metal chelator and the antibody independently is (100-250) : 1, (130-250) : 1, (150-250) : 1, (180-250) : 1, (200-250) : 1 or (230-250) : 1.
[0191] In some embodiments, the molar ratio of the linker-payload and the antibody is (2-8) : 1, (2-7) : 1, (3-7) : 1, (4-7) : 1 to produce the ADC with DAR4. In some embodiments, the molar ratio of the linker-payload and the antibody is 2: 1, 3: 1, 4: 1, 4.5: 1, 4.8: 1, 5: 1, 5.5: 1, 6: 1, 6.5: 1, 7: 1, 8: 1 to produce the ADC with DAR4. The molar ratio of the linker-payload and the antibody could be any value in the range between the foregoing values.
[0192] In some embodiments, the molar ratio of the linker-payload and the antibody is (1-5) : 1, (1.5-4.5) : 1, (2-5) : 1, (2-4) : 1 to produce the ADC with DAR2 by the thiobridge reagent. In some embodiments, the molar ratio of the linker-payload and the antibody is 1.2: 1, 1.5: 1, 2: 1, 2.5: 1, 3: 1, 3.5: 1, 4: 1, 4.5: 1, 5: 1 to produce the ADC with DAR2 by the thiobridge reagent. The molar ratio of the first linker-payload and the antibody could be any value in the range between the foregoing values.
[0193] In some embodiments, the molar ratio of the first linker-payload and the antibody is (6-12) : 1, (7-12) : 1 or (7: 10) : 1 to produce the ADC with DAR6. In some embodiments, the molar ratio of the first linker-payload and the antibody is 6: 1, 7: 1, 7.5: 1, 8: 1, 8.5: 1, 9: 1, 10: 1, 11: 1, 12: 1 to produce the ADC with DAR6, or the value in the range between the foregoing values.
[0194] In some embodiments, the molar ratio of the first linker-payload and the antibody is (3-6) : 1 or (3.5-5.5) : 1 to produce the ADC with DAR3. In some embodiments, the molar ratio of the first linker-payload and the antibody is 3: 1, 3.5: 1, 4: 1, 4.5: 1, 5: 1, 5.5: 1, 6: 1 to produce the ADC with DAR3, or the value in the range between the foregoing values.
[0195] In some embodiments, the molar ratio of the first linker-payload and the antibody is (4-8) : 1 and the molar ratio of the second linker-payload and the antibody is (2-8) : 1 to produce the ADC with DAR4+DAR2.
[0196] In the method of preparing ADC with DAR4+DAR2, the molar ratio of the first linker-payload and the antibody is 4: 1, 5: 1, 6: 1, 7: 1, or 8: 1. Optionally, the molar ratio of the first linker-payload and the antibody is (4-7) : 1, (4-6) : 1 or (4-5) : 1. The molar ratio of the second linker-payload and the antibody is 2: 1, 3: 1, 4: 1, 5: 1, 6: 1, 7: 1, or 8: 1. Optionally, the molar ratio of the second linker-payload and the antibody is (2-8) : 1, (3-8) : 1, (4-8) : 1 or (5-8) : 1.
[0197] In some embodiments, the molar ratio of the first linker-payload and the antibody is (2-8) : 1 and the molar ratio of the second linker-payload and the antibody is (4-12) : 1 to produce the ADC with DAR2+DAR4.
[0198] In the method of preparing ADC with DAR2+DAR4, the molar ratio of the first linker-payload and the antibody is 2: 1, 3: 1, 4: 1, 5: 1, 6: 1, 7: 1, or 8: 1. Optionally, the molar ratio of the first linker-payload and the antibody is (2-7) : 1, (3-7) : 1 or (4-7) : 1. The molar ratio of the second linker-payload and the antibody is 4: 1, 5: 1, 6: 1, 7: 1, 8: 1, 9: 1, 10: 1, 11: 1, or 12: 1. Optionally, the molar ratio of the second linker-payload and the antibody is (5-10) : 1, (6-9) : 1 or (7-8) : 1.
[0199] In some embodiments, the molar ratio of the first linker-payload and the antibody is (4-8) : 1 and the molar ratio of the second linker-payload and the antibody is (4-12) : 1 to produce the ADC with DAR4+DAR4.
[0200] In the method of preparing ADC with DAR4+DAR4, the molar ratio of the first linker-payload and the antibody is 4: 1, 5: 1, 6: 1, 7: 1, or 8: 1. Optionally, the molar ratio of the first linker-payload and the antibody is (5-8) : 1, (4-7) : 1, (4-6) : 1 or (4-5) : 1. The molar ratio of the second linker-payload and the antibody is 4: 1, 5: 1, 6: 1, 7: 1, 8: 1, 9: 1, 10: 1, 11: 1, or 12: 1. Optionally, the molar ratio of the second linker-payload and the antibody is (5-10) : 1, (6-9) : 1 or (7-8) : 1.
[0201] In some embodiments, the molar ratio of the first linker-payload and the antibody is (6-12) : 1 and the molar ratio of the second linker-payload and the antibody is (2-8) : 1 to produce the ADC with DAR6+DAR2.
[0202] In the method of preparing ADC with DAR6+DAR2, the molar ratio of the first linker-payload and the antibody is 6: 1, 7: 1, 7.5: 1, 8: 1, 8.5: 1, 9: 1, 10: 1, 11: 1, 12: 1. Optionally, the molar ratio of the first linker-payload and the antibody is (6-12) : 1, (7-11) : 1, (7-10) : 1 or (7-9) : 1. The molar ratio of the second linker-payload and the antibody is 2: 1, 3: 1, 4: 1, 5: 1, 6: 1, 7: 1, or 8: 1. Optionally, the molar ratio of the second linker-payload and the antibody is (2-8) : 1, (3-8) : 1, (4-8) : 1 or (5-8) : 1.
[0203] In some embodiments, the incubation temperature in step (a) is 0℃ to 37℃, 0℃ to 25℃, 0℃to 15℃, or 0℃ to 5℃; the incubation time in step (a) is 10 min to 8 h, or 10 min to 4h. For example, the incubation temperature in step (a) is 0℃, 4℃, 15℃ or 25℃, the incubation time is 0.5h, 1h, 2h, 3h, 4h, 5h, 6h, 7h, or 8h.
[0204] In some embodiments, the incubation temperature in step (b) is 0℃ to 37℃, 0℃ to 25℃, 0℃to 15℃, or 0℃ to 5℃; the incubation time in step (b) is 10 min to 8 h, or 10 min to 4h. For example, the incubation temperature in step (b) is 0℃, 4℃, 15℃ or 25℃, the incubation time is 0.5h, 1h, 2h, 3h, 4h, 5h, 6h, 7h, or 8h.
[0205] In some embodiments, the incubation temperature in step (d) is 0℃ to 37℃, 0℃ to 25℃, 0℃to 15℃, or 0℃ to 10℃; the incubation time in step (d) is 0.5h to 5h, or 0.5h to 3h. For example, the incubation temperature in step (d) is 0℃, 4℃ or 15℃, the incubation time is 0.5h, 1h, 2h, 3h, 4h or 5h.
[0206] In some embodiments, the incubation temperature in step (e) is 0℃ to37℃, 0℃ to 25℃, 0℃ to 15℃ or 0℃ to 10℃; the incubation time in step (e) is 0.5h to 5h, or 0.5h to 3h. For example, the incubation temperature in step (e) is 0℃, 4℃ or 15℃, the incubation time is 0.5h, 1h, 2h, 3h, 4h or 5h.
[0207] The method to producing the antibody-drug conjugates is without the use of transglutaminase, without the use of enzyme mediated ligation, simplifying the procedures, and saving the production cost and time. The method provided herein could produce the antibody-drug conjugates with improved homogeneity.
[0208] Without being bound to any theory, the homogeneity is improved by increasing the selectivity of antibody hinge or Fab region and / or reduction kinetics. In some embodiments, the homogeneity of antibody-drug conjugates with about DAR4 is improved by mainly increasing the selectivity of antibody Fab region. In some embodiments, the homogeneity of antibody-drug conjugates with about DAR6 is improved by mainly increasing the reduction kinetics.
[0209] In some embodiments, the metal chelators, unconjugated linker-payloads or antibody could be filtered out in filtration procedure to further obtain a high homogeneity antibody-drug conjugates, the filtration includes but not limited to dialysis, ultrafiltration, and gel filtration.
[0210] Polynucleotide
[0211] The present disclosure provides a polynucleotide encoding the antibody described above.
[0212] The polynucleotide is polymers of DNA, RNA, DNA / RNA hybrids, or modifications thereof. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide is polymers of DNA. The polynucleotide is polymers of RNA. DNA or RNA encoding the antibody described above is readily isolated and sequenced using conventional procedures (e.g., by using oligonucleotide probes that are capable of binding specifically to genes encoding the heavy and light chains of the antibody) . The encoding DNA or RNA may also be obtained by synthetic methods.
[0213] The isolated polynucleotide described above can be inserted into a vector for further cloning (amplification of the DNA) or for expression, using recombinant techniques known in the art.
[0214] Many vectors are available. The vector components generally include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: a signal sequence, an origin of replication, one or more marker genes, an enhancer element, a promoter (e.g., SV40, CMV, EF-1α) , and a transcription termination sequence.
[0215] Vector
[0216] Provided herein is a vector includes the polynucleotide provided above. A method of constructing the vector is known to those skilled in the art. For example, the vector can be obtained by in-vitro recombinant DNA technology, DNA synthesis technology, or in-vivo recombinant technology. More specifically, it can be vectored by inserting the isolated polynucleotide into a polyclonal site of an expression vector. The expression vector in the present disclosure generally refers to various commercially available expression vectors well known in the art, for example, bacterial plasm ids, bacteriophages, yeast plasmids, plant cell-infected viruses, mammalian cell-infected viruses such as adenovirus, retrovirus, or other vectors. The vector may also include one or more regulatory sequences operably linked to the polynucleotide sequence, where the regulatory sequence may include a suitable promoter sequence. The promoter sequence is usually operably linked to a sequence coding the amino acid sequence to be expressed. The promoter can be any nucleotide sequence that exhibits transcriptional activity in the selected host cell, including mutated, truncated and hybrid promoters, and can be obtained from a gene encoding an extracellular or intracellular polypeptide homologous or heterologous to the host cell. The regulatory sequence may further include a suitable transcription terminator sequence, a sequence recognized by the host cell to terminate the transcription. The terminator sequence is linked to the 3′end or terminus of the nucleotide sequence encoding the polypeptide, and any terminator that is functional in the host cell of choice may be used in the present disclosure.
[0217] Generally, a suitable vector may contain an origin of replication capable in at least one organism, a promoter sequence, a convenient restriction enzyme site and one or more selectable markers. For example, these promoters may include, but not limited to, the lac or trp promoter of Escherichia coli (E. coli) ; the lambda phage PL promoter; and eukaryotic promoters (including CMV immediate-early promoter, HSV thymidine kinase promoter, early and late SV40 promoters, methanol oxidase promoter of Pichia pastoris) , and some other known promoters that are capable of controlling gene expression in prokaryotic cells or eukaryotic cells or viruses. Marker genes can be used to provide phenotypic characters for selection of transformed host cells. For example, marker genes may include, but not limited to, dihydrofolate reductase, neomycin resistance and green fluorescent protein (GFP) for eukaryotic cell culture, or tetracycline resistance or ampicillin resistance for E. coli. When the polynucleotide is expressed, the expression vector may further include an enhancer sequence. If an enhancer sequence is inserted into the vector, the transcription will be enhanced. Enhancer is a cis-acting factor of DNA, typically containing about 10 to 300 base pairs. Enhancer acts on a promoter to enhance gene transcription.
[0218] Host cell
[0219] The present disclosure provides a host cell is provided, which includes a vector provided above or incorporates an exogenous polynucleotide provided above in the genome. Any cell suitable for the expression of an expression vector can be used as a host cell. For example, the host cell can be a prokaryotic cell, such as a bacterial cell; or a lower eukaryotic cell, such as a yeast cell; or a higher eukaryotic cell, such as a mammalian cell, specifically including, but not limited to, Escherichia coli, Streptomyces; bacterial cells of Salmonella typhimurium; or fungal cells such as yeast, and filamentous fungi; plant cells; insect cells derived from Drosophila S2 or SF9; animal cells such as CHO, COS, HEK293 cells, or Bowes melanoma cells, or a combination thereof. Methods for constructing the expression system should be known to those skilled in the art, for example, including, but not limited to, microinjection, gene gun method, electroporation, virus-mediated transformation, electron bombardment, precipitation with calcium phosphate, or a combination thereof.
[0220] Kit
[0221] The present disclosure provides a kit containing the antibody, the antibody-drug conjugate, the polynucleotide, the vector, or the host cell provided herein. Such kits can further include, if desired, one or more of various conventional pharmaceutical kit components, such as, for example, containers with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, additional containers etc., as will be readily apparent to a person skilled in the art. Instructions, either as inserts or a labels, indicating quantities of the components to be administered, guidelines for administration, and / or guidelines for mixing the components, can also be included in the kit.
[0222] Pharmaceutical Compositions
[0223] The present disclosure relates to a pharmaceutical composition including the antibody, the antibody-drug conjugate, the polynucleotide, the vector, or the host cell described above, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0224] As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” refers to a carrier that is compatible with the other ingredients of a pharmaceutical composition and can be safely administered to a subject.
[0225] The pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure contains a safe and effective amount (such as 0.001-99 wt %, preferably 0.01-95 wt %, more preferably 0.1-90 wt %) of the antibody, or the antibody-drug conjugate and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient. Such carrier includes (but is not limited to) saline, buffer, glucose, water, glycerol, ethanol, and combinations thereof. A pharmaceutical preparation should be matched with the administration mode. The pharmaceutical composition of the present application can be prepared into an injection form, for example, the pharmaceutical composition is prepared by conventional methods with physiological saline or an aqueous solution containing glucose and other adjuvants. The pharmaceutical composition such as an injection and a solution should be manufactured under sterile conditions. The dosage of active ingredients is a therapeutically effective amount, such as about 10 μg / kg body weight to about 100 mg / kg body weight per day. In addition, the modified antibody can also be used with other therapeutic agents.
[0226] Pharmaceutical compositions and techniques for their preparation and use are known to those of skill in the art in light of the present disclosure. For a detailed listing of suitable pharmacological compositions and techniques for their administration one may refer to texts such as Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17th ed. 1985; Brunton et al.
[0227] The present pharmaceutical compositions can be in any form that allows for the composition to be administered to a subject. For example, the composition can be in the form of a solid or liquid. Typical routes of administration include, without limitation, parenteral, ocular, and intra-tumor. Parenteral administration includes subcutaneous injections, intravenous, intramuscular or intrasternal injection or infusion techniques. In one aspect, the compositions are administered parenterally. In a specific embodiment, the compositions are administered intravenously.
[0228] Use of treatment
[0229] The present disclosure provides a use of the antibody, the antibody-drug conjugate, the polynucleotide, the vector, the host cell, the kit, or the pharmaceutical composition described above in the manufacture of a therapeutic agent for diagnosis, prevention and treatment of a disease.
[0230] The disclosure provides a method of preventing, diagnosing or treating a disease in a subject in need thereof, including administrating to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the antibody, the antibody-drug conjugate, the polynucleotide, the vector, the host cell, the kit, or the pharmaceutical composition.
[0231] In some embodiments, the disease is a tumor disease. In certain embodiments, the tumor is a solid tumor. Generally, the tumor includes benign tumors and malignant tumors (also called as cancer) .
[0232] The “therapeutically effective amount” in the present disclosure preferably causes a reduction in the severity of disease symptoms and increased frequency and duration of asymptomatic period of a disease or prevents injury or disability due to illness or suffering. For example, for the treatment of tumors (including, for example, melanoma, lymphoma, bladder cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, head and neck cancer, and colon cancer) , relative to untreated subjects, the “therapeutically effective amount” preferably inhibits the cell growth or tumor growth by at least about 10%, preferably at least about 20%, more preferably at least about 30%, more preferably at least about 40%, more preferably at least about 50%, more preferably at least about 60%, more preferably at least about 70%, more preferably at least about 80%. The ability to inhibit tumor growth can be evaluated in an animal model system that predicts the efficacy against human tumors or evaluated by detecting the ability to inhibit cell growth. Such inhibition can be determined in vitro by assays well known to those skilled in the art. Those skilled in the art can select an appropriate therapeutically effective dose according to the actual situation, for example, the tumor size of the subject, the severity of the subject's symptoms, and the particular composition or route of administration chosen. A prescription for treatment (e.g., decision on dosage, etc. ) may be determined by a physician commonly considering factors including, but not limited to, the disease being treated, status of the patient, delivery site, route of administration and other factors.
[0233] The subject is mammal animals, such as human, mouse, and cynomolgus monkey.
[0234] EXAMPLES
[0235] The invention is further described in the following examples, which do not limit the scope of the invention described in the claims.
[0236] Unless otherwise specified, reagents used in Examples are commercially available.
[0237] Homogeneity assay
[0238] The ADCs distribution was analyzed using HIC-HPLC (Agilent1200) with a TSK gel Butyl-NPR column (4.6 mm IDX 3.5cm) (commercially available from Tosoh Biosciences) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL / min at 30 ℃. Solvent A was 1.5 M (NH4) 2SO4 and 50 mM potassium phosphate pH 7. Solvent B was 75%v / v 50 mM potassium phosphate pH 7 and 25%v / v isopropanol. The washout procedure is as follows:
[0239] Calculate the ADCs distribution base on peak area.
[0240] Example 1
[0241] Example 1-1
[0242] (a) TCEP (2.4 eq, 0.04mM) and mutant 04 (0.0167mM) were incubated in the presence of Zn2+ (30 eq, 0.5 mM) in a buffer system BES (20mM, pH7.0) for 4 h at 4℃;
[0243] (b) EDTA (80 eq, 1.34 mM) and drug / linker-payload MC-VA-PAB-MMAE (7 eq, 0.1169 mM, commercially available from Levena biopharma) were introduced to react with reduced thiol groups resulted from step (a) for 1 hour at room temperature (20℃ ~25℃) ,
[0244] (c) then recovering the resultant antibody-drug conjugate followed by a purification step using a de-salting column (Thermo, type: 40K, 0.5 mL, REF: 87766, Lot SJ251704) .
[0245] Example 1-2~1-16
[0246] The methods of Example 1-2~1-8 were similar to that of Example 1-1, in which the reaction condition was adjusted. See Table 1-1 for detail.
[0247] Comparative Example 1-1~1-2:
[0248] The methods of Comparative Example (abbreviated as CE) 1-1 and 1-2 were similar to that of Example (abbreviated as E) 1-1, the difference was: antibody mutant 04 was replaced with wild type trastuzumab in Comparative Example 1-1, and antibody mutant 04 was replaced with mutant 11 in Comparative Example 1-2. See Table 1-1 for detail.
[0249] Table 1-1
[0250] The homogeneity assay results of Example 1-1~1-8 and Comparative Example 1-1~1-2 are shown in the following Table 1-2.
[0251] Table 1-2
[0252] It shows that the ratios of all the ADCs with DAR4 are enhanced, indicating excellent DAR4 selectivity.
[0253] As compared to CE1-1, ratios of ADC with DAR4 prepared by the antibody including animo acid substitutions at positions 221, 222, 223, 224 and 225 greatly improve. In addition, As compared to CE1-2, E1-2, E1-4, E1-5, or E1-8, mutation D221H helps to improve the reduction selectivity of the disulfide bond.
[0254] As compared to E1-1, the results of E1-11~ E1-16 show that, the ratios of ADC with DAR4 prepared by the antibody including animo acid sequence of HKTDTCPPC (SEQ ID NO: 17) , HKTSDCPPC (SEQ ID NO: 14) , HKDSTCPPC (SEQ ID NO: 15) , HKTETCPPC (SEQ ID NO: 16) at least are 90%, some of them are surprisingly up to 96%, indicating that the mutation D221H and mutation at position 224 with D, E or S greatly improve the reduction selectivity of the disulfide bond, thereby enhancing the homogeneity of ADC. Furthermore, antibody including the mutation D221H and mutation at position 224 with D or E also shows excellent DAR4 selectivity, which suggests the importance of acidic amino acid residue at position 224 for generating high DAR4 selectivity.
[0255] As the results of E1-11, E1-12 and E1-15 show, HKTDTCPPC (SEQ ID NO: 17) is applicable to three different IgG1 antibody to generate ADC with excellent and consistent ultra-high DAR4 selectivity.
[0256] Example 1-17~1-21
[0257] The methods of Example 1-17~1-21 were similar to that of Example 1-1, in which the reaction condition was adjusted. See Table 1-3 and 1-4 for detail.
[0258] Table 1-3
[0259] Table 1-4
[0260] Based on the result of E1-17, the antibody includes mutation at position 229, i.e., -CPPC-to -CPPX-, when X is Val, Leu, Ile or Phe, ultra-high DAR4 selectivity is maintained, but when X is Ser, the DAR4 selectivity decreases to 80%.
[0261] Comparative Example 1-3
[0262] (a) TCEP (2.4 eq, 0.04mM) and mutant 04 (0.0167mM) were incubated in a buffer system BES (20mM, pH7.0) for 4 h at 4℃,
[0263] (b) EDTA (2 eq, 0.0334 mM) and drug / linker-payload MC-VA-PAB-MMAE (7 eq, 0.1169 mM) were introduced to react with reduced thiol groups resulted from step (a) for 1 hour at room temperature,
[0264] (c) then recovering the resultant antibody-drug conjugate followed by a purification step using a de-salting column (Thermo, type: 40K, 0.5 mL, REF: 87766, Lot SJ251704) .
[0265] The homogeneity assay result is shown in the following Table 1-5.
[0266] Table 1-5
[0267] As compared to E1-1, Zn2+ in the buffer benefits for improve the reduction selectivity and the homogeneity of the ADC. However, the ratio of ADC with DAR4 of CE1-1 is only 44.53%, which is lower than the ratio of ADC with DAR4 of CE1-3, indicating that an antibody including HKTHTCPPC (SEQ ID NO: 11) helps to improve the reduction selectivity and the homogeneity of the antibody-drug conjugates, even in a buffer without Zn2+.
[0268] Example 1-22
[0269] Production of Mutant 25-D2 (Bis-maleimide-PEG4-VC-MMAE)
[0270] (a) TCEP (2.1 eq, 0.03mM) and mutant 25 (0.0135mM) were incubated in the presence of Zn2+ (30 eq, 0.4 mM) in a buffer system BES (20mM, pH7.0) for 10min at 25℃;
[0271] (b) EDTA (80 eq, 1.08 mM) and Bismaleimide-PEG4-VC-MMAE (7 eq, 0.095 mM) were introduced to react with reduced thiol groups resulted from step (a) for 1 hour at room temperature,
[0272] (c) then recovering the resultant antibody-drug conjugate followed by a purification step using a de-salting column (Thermo, type: 40K, 0.5 mL, REF: 87766, Lot SJ251704) .
[0273] The homogeneity assay result is shown in the following Table 1-6.
[0274] Table 1-6
[0275] The antibody is applicable to produce ADC with a thiobridge reagent including the MMAE, and result in ADC with high homogeneity.
[0276] Example 2
[0277] Example 2-1
[0278] (a) TCEP (2.3 eq, 0.038mM) and mutant 04 (0.0167mM) were incubated in the presence of ZnCl2 (30 eq, 0.5 mM) in a buffer system BES (20mM, pH7.0) for 10 min at 4℃,
[0279] (b) EDTA (80 eq, 1.34 mM) and drug / linker-payload MC-VA-PAB-MMAE (7 eq, 0.1169 mM) were introduced to react with reduced thiol groups resulted from step (a) for 1 hour at room temperature,
[0280] (c) then recovering the resultant antibody-drug conjugate followed by a purification step using a de-salting column (Thermo, type: 40K, 0.5 mL, REF: 87766, Lot SJ251704) .
[0281] Example 2-2~2-28
[0282] The methods of Example 2-2~2-28 were similar to that of Example 1-7, in which reaction condition was adjusted. See Table 2-1 for detail.
[0283] Table 2-1
[0284] The homogeneity assay results are shown in the following Table 2-2.
[0285] Table 2-2
[0286] As the results shown in the table, the ratio of ADC with DAR4 was observed up to 70%within 10 minutes, and reaches plateau after 10 min. The results indicated that the method producing antibody-drug conjugates was simple, time saving and highly efficient.
[0287] Additionally, Zn2+ / mAb ratio ranging from 1 to 100 benefits the improvement of antibody-drug conjugates with DAR4. when the Zn2+ / mAb ratio up to 30: 1 and 100: 1, the ratio of ADC with DAR4 is significantly higher than that of Zn2+ / mAb ratio 1: 1 and 10: 1. Those results indicated that the high Zn2+ / mAb ratio within a certain range would improve the ratio of ADC with DAR4 and the reduction selectivity.
[0288] Besides, the reaction temperature of the method was 0℃ ~25℃, which could benefit for lowering the production cost.
[0289] Example 3
[0290] Example 3-1~3-18
[0291] The methods of Example 3-1~3-12 were similar to that of Example 1-1, in which the reaction buffer in step (a) was adjusted.
[0292] The methods of Example 3-13~3-18 were similar to that of Example 1-1, in which the TCEP / mAb was adjusted to 2.3, and the reaction buffer in step (a) was adjusted. See Table 3-1 for detail.
[0293] Comparative Example 3-1
[0294] The method of Comparative Example 3-1 was similar to that of Example 1-1, in which the reaction buffer in step (a) was adjusted.
[0295] Table 3-1
[0296] As the results shown, the ratio of ADC with DAR4 is greater than 60%, and up to 80%, indicating that there is good reduction selectivity in most biological buffer types.
[0297] Example 3-19~3-24
[0298] The methods of Example 3-19~3-24 were similar to that of Example 1-7, in which the pH of buffer was adjusted. See Table 3-2 for detail.
[0299] Table 3-2
[0300] The homogeneity assay results are shown in the following Table 3-3.
[0301] Table 3-3
[0302] The ratio of ADC with DAR4 was observed to 75%or more when the pH of MES buffer ranges from 5.8 to 6.7 or the pH of BES buffer ranges from 6.4 to 7.4, the ratio of ADC with DAR4 was observed up to 91%when the pH is 6.4. Those results indicated that the appropriate pH range of reaction buffer helps to enhance the ratio of ADC with DAR4 and the reduction selectivity, consequently, the homogeneity is improved.
[0303] Example 4
[0304] The methods of Example 4-1~4-7 were similar to that of Example 1-1, in which the reductant and the molar ratio of reductant and the antibody mutant 04 in step (a) were adjusted. See Table 4-1 for detail.
[0305] Table 4-1
[0306] The homogeneity assay results are shown in the following Table 4-2.
[0307] Table 4-2
[0308] As the results shown in the table, all the reductant, TCEPNO, TCEP and TCEP3 can produce the antibody-drug conjugates with improved homogeneity. When the TCEP and TCEP3 as reductant, the ratio of ADC with DAR4 is significantly higher than that of TCEPNO.
[0309] Example 5
[0310] The methods of Example 5-1~5-2 were similar to that of Example 1-1, in which the transition metal salt and the antibody molar equivalent in step (a) were adjusted. The transition metal salt was replaced with Mn (OAc) 2. See Table 5-1 for detail.
[0311] Table 5-1
[0312] The homogeneity assay results are shown in the following Table 5-2.
[0313] Table 5-2
[0314] The results showed that the Mn2+ also helps to improve the homogeneity of the antibody-drug conjugates.
[0315] Example 6
[0316] Example 6-1
[0317] Production of Mutant 4-D4 (MC-VC-PAB-MMAE) +D2 (MC-GGFG-Dxd)
[0318] (a) TCEP (2.3 eq, 0.0384mM) and mutant 04 (0.0167mM) were incubated in the presence of Zn2+ (30 eq, 0.5 mM) in a buffer system BES (20mM, pH7.0) for 4 h at 4℃,
[0319] (b) EDTA (80 eq, 1.34 mM) and drug / linker-payload MC-VC-PAB-MMAE (7 eq, 0.1169 mM, commercially available from Levena biopharma) were introduced to react with reduced thiol groups resulted from step (a) for 1 hour at room temperature,
[0320] (c) then recovering the resultant antibody-drug conjugate followed by a purification step using a de-salting column (Thermo, type: 40K, 0.5 mL, REF: 87766, Lot SJ251704) .
[0321] (d) the resulting product of step (c) and TCEP (4.5 eq, 0.075mM) were incubated in the presence of Zn2+ (30 eq, 0.3 mM) in a buffer system BES (20mM, pH7.0) for 4 h at 4℃,
[0322] (e) EDTA (80 eq, 1.34 mM) and drug / linker-payload MC-GGFG-Dxd (8 eq, 0.135 mM, commercially available from Levena biopharma) were introduced to react with reduced thiol groups resulted from step (a) for 1 hour at room temperature,
[0323] (f) then recovering the resultant antibody-drug conjugate followed by a purification step using a de-salting column (Thermo, type: 40K, 0.5 mL, REF: 87766, Lot SJ251704) .
[0324] The homogeneity assay results of products of step (c) and (f) are shown in the following Table 6-1 and 6-2, respectively.
[0325] Table 6-1
[0326] Table 6-2
[0327] As the result shown, the ratio of the antibody-drug conjugate mutant 04- [MC-VC-PAB-MMAE] 4 is up to79%, and the ratio of the dual-payload ADC with DAR4+DAR2 is generally up to 76%. The antibody including HKTHTCPPC (SEQ ID NO: 11) is applicable to prepare dual-payload ADCs and produce dual-payload ADCs with high homogeneity.
[0328] Example 6-2
[0329] Production of Mutant4-D2 (Dibromomaleimide-PEG4-VC-PAB-MMAE) +D4 (MC-GGFG-Dxd)
[0330] (a) TCEP (2.3 eq, 0.0384mM) and mutant 04 (0.0167mM) were incubated in the presence of Zn2+ (30 eq, 0.5 mM) in a buffer system BES (20mM, pH7.0) for 4 h at 4℃,
[0331] (b) EDTA (80 eq, 1.34 mM) and drug / linker-payload Dibromomaleimide-PEG4-VC-PAB-MMAE (7 eq, 0.1169 mM) were introduced to react with reduced thiol groups resulted from step (a) for 1 hour at room temperature,
[0332] (c) then recovering the resultant antibody-drug conjugate followed by a purification step using a de-salting column (Thermo, type: 40K, 0.5 mL, REF: 87766, Lot SJ251704) .
[0333] (d) the resulting product of step (c) and TCEP (4 eq, 0.067mM) were incubated in the presence of Zn2+ (30 eq, 0.3 mM) in a buffer system BES (20mM, pH7.0) for 3.5 h at 37℃,
[0334] (e) EDTA (80 eq, 1.34 mM) and drug / payload MC-GGFG-Dxd (8 eq, 0.134 mM, commercially available from Levena biopharma) were introduced to react with reduced thiol groups resulted from step (a) for 1 hour at room temperature,
[0335] (f) then recovering the resultant antibody-drug conjugate followed by a purification step using a de-salting column (Thermo, type: 40K, 0.5 mL, REF: 87766, Lot SJ251704) .
[0336] The Dibromomaleimide-PEG4-VC-PAB-MMAE was prepared by reference to PCT patent application WO2022167689 or WO2021144314. The homogeneity assay results of products of step (c) and (f) are shown in the following Table 7-1 and 7-2, respectively.
[0337] Table 7-1
[0338] Table 7-2
[0339] The result demonstrates that the ratio of the ADC with DAR2+DAR4 is generally up to 75%when the reductant is TCEP. The antibody including HKTHTCPPC (SEQ ID NO: 11) is applicable to prepare dual-payload ADCs with different DAR values.
[0340] Example 7
[0341] Production of Mutant 25-D4 (MC-VC-PAB-MMAE) +D4 (MC-GGFG-Dxd)
[0342] (a) TCEP (3.0 eq, 0.0501mM) and mutant 25 (0.0167mM) were incubated in the presence of Zn2+ (30 eq, 0.5 mM) in a buffer system BES (20mM, pH7.0) for 2 h at 4℃,
[0343] (b) EDTA (80 eq, 1.34 mM) and drug / linker-payload MC-VC-PAB-MMAE (8 eq, 0.135 mM) were introduced to react with reduced thiol groups resulted from step (a) for 1 hour at room temperature,
[0344] (c) then recovering the resultant antibody-drug conjugate followed by a purification step using a de-salting column (Thermo, type: 40K, 0.5 mL, REF: 87766, Lot SJ251704) .
[0345] (d) the resulting product of step (c) and TCEP (3.0 eq, 0.0501mM) were incubated in the presence of Zn2+ (100 eq, 1.67 mM) in a buffer system BES (20mM, pH7.0) for 4 h at 37℃,
[0346] (e) EDTA (230 eq, 3.84 mM) and drug / payload MC-GGFG-Dxd (8 eq, 0.134 mM) were introduced to react with reduced thiol groups resulted from step (a) for 1 hour at room temperature,
[0347] (f) then recovering the resultant antibody-drug conjugate followed by a purification step using a de-salting column (Thermo, type: 40K, 0.5 mL, REF: 87766, Lot SJ251704) .
[0348] The homogeneity assay result is shown in the following Table 7-3.
[0349] Table 7-3
[0350] The result demonstrates that the ratio of the ADC with D4+D4 is generally up to 87%when the reductant is TCEP. The antibody including HKTDTCPPC (SEQ ID NO: 17) is applicable to prepare dual-payload ADCs.
[0351] Example 8
[0352] Example 8-1:
[0353] (a) TCEP (4.5 eq, 0.0752mM) and mutant 04 (0.0167mM) were incubated in the presence of Zn2+ (30 eq, 0.5 mM) in a buffer system BES (20mM, pH7.0) for 1 h at 4℃,
[0354] (b) EDTA (80 eq, 1.34 mM) and drug / linker-payload MC-VC-PAB-MMAE (7 eq, 0.1169 mM) were introduced to react with reduced thiol groups resulted from step (a) for 1 hour at room temperature,
[0355] (c) then recovering the resultant antibody-drug conjugate followed by a purification step using a de-salting column (Thermo, type: 40K, 0.5 mL, REF: 87766, Lot SJ251704) .
[0356] Example 8-2~8-17
[0357] The methods of Example 8-2~8-17 were similar to that of Example 8-1, in which the antibody and the reduction condition were adjusted. see Table 8-1 for detail.
[0358] Comparative Example 8-1
[0359] The method of Comparative Example 8-1 was similar to that of Example 8-1, in which the antibody and the reduction condition were adjusted. See Table 8-1 for detail.
[0360] Table 8-1
[0361] The homogeneity assay results are shown in the following Table 9-2.
[0362] Table 9-2
[0363] As compared to CE8-1, the ratios of all of ADCs with DAR6 are improved. The antibody including an amino acid sequence of HKTHTCPPC (SEQ ID NO: 11) , DKTHRCPPC (SEQ ID NO: 28) , SKTHTCPPC (SEQ ID NO: 27) , or HSTHTCPPC (SEQ ID NO: 13) helps to improve reduction selectivity and thereby enhance homogeneity of ADCs.
[0364] The results of E8-1~ E8-9 show that, the ratio of ADC with DAR6 increases as the reaction time of step (1) from 1 h to 4 h and reaches plateau after 4 h at 4℃ or 25℃, lowering the production time of ADCs.
[0365] As the results of E8-1, E8-12 and E8-13 shown, the animo acid sequence HKTHTCPPC (SEQ ID NO: 11) is applicable to three different IgG1 antibody to generate ADC with good and consistent high DAR6 selectivity.
[0366] The results of E8-15~ E8-17 show that, in the BES buffer, Zn2+ molar equivalent base on the antibody can influence the ratio of ADC with DAR6. The ratio of ADC with DAR6 is up to 85%when the Zn2+ molar equivalent base on the antibody is 10, then, the ratio of ADC with DAR6 decreases with the decrease of Zn2+.
[0367] While particular embodiments have been described, alternatives, modifications, variations, improvements, and substantial equivalents that are or may be presently unforeseen may arise to applicants or others skilled in the art. Accordingly, the appended claims as filed and as they may be amended are intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications, variations, improvements, and substantial equivalents.
Claims
1.An antibody comprising a hinge region, wherein the hinge region comprises an amino acid sequence of X1X2X3X4X5CPPX6, X1 is D or H; X2 is E, D, K or S; X3 is E, T, H or D; X4 is T, H, D, S or E; X5 is E, H, T or D; X6 is G, A, H, D, E, Y, C, S, V, L, I or F; orthe hinge region comprises an amino acid sequence of X11X12THX15CPPC (SEQ ID NO: 30) , X11 is H, D, or S; X12 is K or S, X15 is T or R;the amino acid sequence of X11X12THX15CPPC or X1X2X3X4X5CPPX6 isn't DKTHTCPPC (SEQ ID NO: 26) .2.The antibody of claim 1, whereinthe X1X2X3X4X5CPPX6 is selected from any of the following groups:(1) X1 is D or H; X2 is D, K or S; X3 is T, H or D; X4 is T, H, D, S or E; X5 is H, T or D; X6 is C, S, V, L, I or F;(2) X1 is H; X2 is D, K or S; X3 is T, H or D; X4 is T, H, D, S or E; X5 is H, T or D; X6 is C, S, V, L, I or F;(3) X1 is H; X2 is D, K or S; X3 is T, H or D; X4 is D; X5 is H, T or D; X6 is G, A, H, D, E, Y, C, S, V, L, I or F;(4) X1 is H; X2 is D, K or S; X3 is T, H or D; X4 is D; X5 is H, T or D; X6 is C, S, V, L, I or F;(5) X1 is H; each X2, X3, and X5 independently is E;(6) X1 is H; X4 is D; X6 is G, A, H, D, E, Y, C, S, V, L, I or F;(7) X1 is D; X2 is K; X3 is T or H; X4 is T or H; X5 is H, T or D; X6 is C;the X11X12THX15CPPC is selected from any of the following groups:(1) X11 is H or S; X15 is T;(2) X11 is D; X15 is R.3.The antibody of claim 1 or 2, wherein the X1X2X3X4X5CPPX6 is selected from any of the following groups: X1 is H; X4 is D, S or E;optionally, X1 is H; X3 is T, or D; X4 is D, S or E; X5 is T or D;optionally, X1 is H; X2 is K; X3 is T or D; X4 is D, S or E; X5 is T or D;optionally, X1 is H; X2 is K; X3 is T; X4 is D, S or E; X5 is T or D;optionally, X1 is H; X2 is K; X3 is T; X4 is D or E; X5 is T;optionally, X1 is H; X2 is K; X3 is T; X4 is D or E; X5 is T; X6 is S, V, L, I or F;optionally, X1 is H; X2 is K; X3 is T; X4 is D or E; X5 is T; X6 is V, L, I or F;optionally, X1 is H; X2 is D, X3 is S.4.The antibody of any of claims 1-3, wherein the X1X2X3X4X5CPPX6 has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 29, or 31; optionally, the X1X2X3X4X5CPPX6 has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 29, 31, or conserved substitution thereof;the X11X12THX15CPPC has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11, 13, 27, 28, or conserved substitution thereof.5.The antibody of any of claims 1-4, wherein the antibody comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising one or more amino acid substitution selected from the group consisting of K218H, D221H, K222S, K222D, T223H, T223D, H224S, H224D, H224E, H224T, T225H, T225R, T225D, C229S, C229V, C229L, C229I, C229E or combination thereof, as compared to SEQ ID NO: 1, the first amino acid at N-terminus of SEQ ID NO: 1 is defined as position 118;optionally, the heavy chain constant region comprises the amino acid substitution from the following groups:(1) D221H; (2) D221H and T225D; (3) D221H and K222S; (4) D221S, H224S and T225D; (5) D221H, T223D and H224S; (6) D221H and H224E; (7) D221H and H224D; (8) D221H, H224D and C229S; (9) D221H, H224D and C229V; (10) D221H, H224D and C229L; (11) D221H, H224D and C229I; (12) D221H, H224D and C229E; (13) K218H, D221H and H224S; (14) T225R; (15) D221H and K222D; (16) D221H and H224S; or (17) D221H, K222D and H224S.6.The antibody of any of claims 1-4, wherein the antibody comprises an antigen-binding fragment which can binds to one or more targeted antigen,optionally, the targeted antigen is expressed on tumor cells or is an immune checkpoint;optionally, the targeted antigen is selected from the group consisting of EGFR, HER2, CD3, calcium channel, PDL1, CD19, VEGFR, GLP1R, DRD2, NMDAR, bacterial DNA gyrase, PD1, VGSC, COX2, TOP2, VSIG4, B7-H3, B7-H4, ROR1, ROR2, HER3, c-MET, CEACAM5, CD25, CD71, CD70, CD74, CD38, BCMA, TROP2, CD79b, CLDN6, Claudin18.2, Mesothelin, 5T4, LIV-1, PSMA, PD-L1, CD142, MUC-1, MUC-16, DLL3, CDH6, CDH3, FGFR2, NaPi2b, FGFR3, GPRC5D, LRRC15, PTK7, STn, CD117, CD45, Ly6E, BTN3A1, GPR65, GABA, DDR1, ART1, ARIH1, KDM5B, CD155, CD200R1, LIF, ESCRT, LILRB, CD161, SETB1, COP1, CLIP1-LTK, LSD1, METTL3, TAM, BCAM, NSD3, PSGL-1, IL8, PTPN2, CCR8, SOX4, ELANE, FOLR, CDH17, Nectin 4, TNK1, or the combination thereof;optionally, the antigen-binding fragment is targeted to HER2, FOLR, CDH17, DLL3, or the combination thereof.7.An antibody-drug conjugate, comprising an antibody of any of claims 1-6, and at least one linker-payload, optionally, the drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) is about 2 to 8, or 2 to 6.8.The antibody-drug conjugate of claim 7, wherein the linker-payloads comprise a first linker-payload and / or a second linker-payload, each the first linker-payload and the second linker-payload independently includes at least one thioreactive group or thiobridge reagent.9.The antibody-drug conjugate of claim 7 or 8, wherein each the first linker-payload and the second linker-payload independently comprises a payload, which includes cytotoxic agent, label, nucleic acids, radionuclide, hormone, immunomodulator, prodrug converting enzyme, ribonuclease, agonistic antibody, antagonistic antibody and fragment thereof, fusion protein or derivative thereof, or the combination thereof;optionally, each the first linker-payload and the second linker-payload independently comprises a cytotoxic agent.10.The antibody-drug conjugate of any of claims 7-9, each the first linker-payload and the second linker-payload independently is MC-VC-PAB-MMAE, MC-VA-PAB-MMAE, MC-GGFG-DXd, MC-VC-PAB-MMAD, MC-VC-PAB-Eribulin, MC-MMAF or MC-VC-PAB-MMAF, Dibromomaleimide-PEG4-VC-PAB-MMAE, Dibromomaleimide-PEG4-VC-PAB-MMAF, Bis-Maleimide-PEG2-VC-MMAE, Bis-Maleimide-PEG4-VC-MMAE, Bis-Maleimide-PEG4-VC-DX8951f, Bis-Maleimide-PEG4-VC-Eribulin, Bis-Maleimide-PEG2-VC-Eribulin, Bis-Maleimide-PEG2-MMAF, or Bis-Maleimide-PEG4-MMAF;optionally, each the first linker-payload and the second linker-payload independently is MC-VC-PAB-MMAE, MC-GGFG-Dxd, or Dibromomaleimide-PEG4-VC-PAB-MMAE.11.The antibody-drug conjugate of any of claim 7-10, wherein the antibody-drug conjugate is about DAR4, the ratio of antibody-drug conjugates with about DAR4 is up to 60%, optionally, up to 65%, 70%, 72%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%or more; orthe antibody-drug conjugate is about DAR2, bearing the linker-payload via the thiobridge reagent, the ratio of antibody-drug conjugates with DAR2 is up to 60%, optionally, up to 65%, 70%, 72%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, or more; orthe antibody-drug conjugate is about DAR6, the ratio of antibody-drug conjugates with about DAR6 is up to 60%, optionally, up to 65%, 70%, 72%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%or more; orthe antibody-drug conjugate is about DAR3, bearing the linker-payload via the thiobridge reagent, the ratio of antibody-drug conjugates with about DAR3 is up to 60%, optionally, up to 65%, 70%, 72%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%or more; orthe antibody-drug conjugate is dual-payload with about DAR2+DAR4, bearing the first linker-payload with about DAR2 and the second linker-payload with about DAR4, the ratio of antibody-drug conjugates with DAR2+RDA4 is up to 50%, optionally, up to 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%or more; orthe antibody-drug conjugate is dual-payload with about DAR4+DAR2, bearing the first linker-payload with about DAR4 and the second linker-payload with about DAR2, the ratio of antibody-drug conjugates with DAR4+RDA2 is up to 60%, optionally, up to 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 75%or more; orthe antibody-drug conjugate is dual-payload with about DAR4+DAR4, bearing the first linker-payload with about DAR4 and the second linker-payload with about DAR4, the ratio of antibody-drug conjugates with DAR4+RDA4 is up to 60%, optionally, up to 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%or more; orthe antibody-drug conjugate is dual-payload with about DAR6+DAR2, bearing the first linker-payload with about DAR6 and the second linker-payload with about DAR2, the ratio of antibody-drug conjugates with DAR6+RDA2 is up to 60%, optionally, up to 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%or more.12.A method for producing antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) of any of claims 7-11, comprising the following steps:(a) incubating an antibody of any of claims 1-6 and a first reductant in the presence of a first transition metal ion in a first reaction buffer, to reduce at least one interchain disulfide bond of the antibody,(b) introducing a first metal chelator and first linker-payloads to react with reduced thiol groups resulted from (a) ,(c) subjecting the mixture from (b) to purification yielding product ADC.13.The method of claim 12, further comprising:(d) incubating the ADC from (c) and a second reductant in the presence of a second transition metal ion in a second reaction buffer to reduce at least one remained interchain disulfide bond of the ADC,(e) introducing second linker-payloads to react with reduced thiol groups resulted from (d) ,(f) subjecting the mixture from (e) to purification yielding dual-payload ADC product.14.The method of claim 12 or 13, wherein each the first transition metal ion and the second transition metal ion independently is Zn2+ and / or Mn2+;optionally, the Zn2+ and / or Mn2+ are derived from a salt or a complex of the transition metal ion, optionally, the salt of the transition metal ion includes lactate, chloride, nitrate, sulfate, acetate, iodide, bromine, formate and tetrafluorborate; orthe concentration of the first transition metal ion in the reaction buffer is 0.01 mM -2 mM, optionally, 0.1 mM -2 mM; and / or, the concentration of the second transition metal ion in the reaction buffer is 0.01 mM -2 mM, optionally, 0.1 mM -2 mM; orthe molar ratio of the first transition metal ion and the antibody is (1-100) : 1, optionally, (10-100) : 1; and / or, the molar ratio of the second transition metal ion and the antibody is (1-100) : 1 optionally, (10-100) : 1.15.The method of any of claims 12-14, wherein each the first reductant and the second reductant independently is TCEP, THPP, TCEPNO, TCEP3, TCEP1, TCEP26, TCEP28 or TCEP33, the structures of the reductants are shown as the following: optionally, the first reductant is TCEP, and the second reductant is TCEP or THPP.optionally, the concentration of the first reductant and the second reductant independently is 0.02mM -0.2 mM, optionally, 0.02mM -0.1 mM.16.The method of any of claims 12-15, wherein the molar ratio of the first reductant and the antibody is (2-8) : 1 to produce ADC with DAR4, optionally the ratio is (2-7) : 1, (2-5) : 1 or (2-3) : 1; orthe molar ratio of the first reductant and the antibody is (2-8) : 1 to produce ADC with DAR2 by the thiobridge reagent, optionally the ratio is (2-7) : 1, (2-5) : 1 or (2-3) : 1;the molar ratio of the first reductant and the antibody is (3.5-7) : 1 to produce ADC with DAR6, optionally the ratio is (4-6) : 1 or (4-5) : 1; orthe molar ratio of the first reductant and the antibody is (3.5-7) : 1 to produce ADC with DAR3 by the thiobridge reagent, optionally the ratio is (4-6) : 1 or (4-5) : 1; orthe molar ratio of the first reductant and the antibody is (2-7) : 1 or (2-5) : 1, and the molar ratio of the second reductant and the antibody is (1-7) : 1 or (1-5) : 1 to produce the ADC with about DAR4+DAR2;the molar ratio of the first reductant and the antibody is (2-7) : 1 or (2-5) : 1, and the molar ratio of the second reductant and the antibody is (2-9) : 1 or (2-7) : 1 to produce the ADC with about DAR2+DAR4;the molar ratio of the first reductant and the antibody is (2-7) : 1 and the molar ratio of the second reductant and the antibody is (2-9) : 1 or (2-7) : 1 to produce the ADC with about DAR4+DAR4; orthe molar ratio of the first reductant and the antibody is (3-7) : 1 and the molar ratio of the second reductant and the antibody is (1-9) : 1 or (1-7) : 1 to produce the ADC with about DAR6+DAR2.17.The method of any of claims 12-16, wherein each the first reaction buffer and the second reaction buffer independently is PB, PBS, acetate buffer, His buffer, Bis-Tris buffer, PIPES buffer, ADA, HEPES buffer, MOPS buffer, MOBS buffer, DIPSO buffer, MOPSO buffer, TES buffer, TAPSO buffer, ACES buffer, BES buffer or MES buffer,optionally, the pH value of the first reaction buffer and the second reaction buffer independently is 5.5 to 8, optionally, 5.8 to 7.4.18.The method of any of claims 12-17, wherein each the first metal chelator and the second metal chelator independently is EDTA or DTPA,optionally, the molar ratio of the first metal chelator and the antibody is (30-250) : 1, or (80-250) : 1; and / or, the molar ratio of the second metal chelator and the antibody is (30-250) : 1, or (80-250) : 1.19.The method of any of claims 12-18, whereinthe molar ratio of the linker-payload and the antibody is (2-8) : 1, (2-7) : 1 or (3-7) : 1 to produce the ADC with DAR4;the molar ratio of the linker-payload and the antibody is (1-5) : 1, (1.5-4.5) : 1 or (2-5) : 1 to produce the ADC with DAR2 by the thiobrideg agent;the molar ratio of the linker-payload and the antibody is (6-12) : 1 to produce the ADC with DAR6;the molar ratio of the linker-payload and the antibody is (3-6) : 1 or (3.5-5.5) : 1 to produce the ADC with DAR3 by the thiobridge reagent;the molar ratio of the first linker-payload and the antibody is (4-8) : 1 and the molar ratio of the second linker-payload and the antibody is (2-8) : 1, to produce the ADC with DAR4+DAR2;the molar ratio of the first linker-payload and the antibody is (2-8) : 1 and the molar ratio of the second linker-payload and the antibody is (4-12) : 1, to produce the ADC with DAR2+DAR4;the molar ratio of the first linker-payload and the antibody is (4-8) : 1 and the molar ratio of the second linker-payload and the antibody is (4-12) : 1 to produce the ADC with DAR4+DAR4; and / orthe molar ratio of the first linker-payload and the antibody is (6-12) : 1 and the molar ratio of the second linker-payload and the antibody is (2-8) : 1 to produce the ADC with DAR6+DAR2.20.The method of any of claims 12-19, whereinthe incubation temperature in step (a) or (b) independently is 0℃ to 37℃, 0℃ to 25℃, 0℃to 15℃, or 0℃ to 5℃; and / or, the incubation time in step (a) or (b) independently is 10 min to 8 h, or 10 min to 4h; orthe incubation temperature in step (d) or (e) independently is 0℃ to 37℃, 0℃ to 25℃, 0℃to 15℃, or 0℃ to 10℃; and / or, the incubation time in step (d) or (e) independently is 0.5h to 5h, or 0.5h to 3h.21.The method of any of claims 12-20, wherein the homogeneity of antibody-drug conjugate is improved,optionally, the homogeneity of antibody-drug conjugate is improved by increased selectivity of antibody Fab region and / or reduction kinetics.22.A polynucleotide encoding the antibody of any of claims 1-6.23.A vector comprising the polynucleotide of claim 22.24.A host cell comprising the polynucleotide of claim 22, or the vector of claim 23.25.A kit comprising the antibody of any of claims 1-6, the antibody-drug conjugate of any of claims 7-11, the polynucleotide of claim 22, the vector of claim 23, or the host cell of claim 24.26.A pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody of any of claims 1-6, the antibody-drug conjugate of any of claims 7-11, the antibody-drug conjugate prepared by the method of any of claims 12-21, and at least a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.27.Use of the antibody of any of claims 1-6, the antibody-drug conjugate of any of claims 7-11, the antibody-drug conjugate prepared by the method of any of claims 12-21, the polynucleotide of claim 22, the vector of claim 23, or the host cell of claim 24, the kit of claim 25, pharmaceutical composition of claim 26 in the manufacture of a therapeutic agent for diagnosis, prevention and treatment of a disease.28.A method of preventing, diagnosing or treating a disease in a subject in need thereof, comprising administrating to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the antibody of any of claims 1-6, the antibody-drug conjugate of any of claims 7-11, the antibody-drug conjugate prepared by the method of any of claims 12-21, the polynucleotide of claim 22, the vector of claim 23, or the host cell of claim 24, the kit of claim 25, pharmaceutical composition of claim 26.
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