Method performed by user equipment, and user equipment

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a method performed by a user equipment (UE), and a user equipment. The method performed by a user equipment comprises: determining a transmission type of a physical layer transmission corresponding to a second radio access message, the transmission type being determined at least partially on the basis of a category of the UE and a first radio access message that is received by the UE and triggers the second radio access message, and the first radio access message indicating that a network only supports uplink transmission as backscatter transmission, indicating that the network only supports uplink transmission as endogenous transmission, or indicating that the network supports both uplink transmission as backscatter transmission and uplink transmission as endogenous transmission; and transmitting the second radio access message.

Description

Method performed by user equipment and user equipment Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a method performed by a user equipment and the user equipment. Background Art

[0002] In a wireless communication system, information can be exchanged between different communication nodes. Wireless communication can be carried out on licensed spectrum and / or unlicensed spectrum. Examples of wireless communication systems may include systems (system(s)) standardized by 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project), such as a 4G system or its evolved system based on LTE (Long-Term Evolution) wireless access technology, and a 5G system or its evolved system based on NR (New Radio) wireless access technology. In a communication system based on 3GPP specifications, examples of communication nodes may include UE (User Equipment) and base stations (such as eNB, also such as gNB). The radio link (radio link) from the base station to the UE can be called a downlink (DL, downlink), the radio link from the UE to the base station can be called an uplink (UL, uplink), and the radio link between UEs can be called a sidelink (SL, sidelink). The interface for wireless transmission and / or reception between a base station and a UE may be referred to as a Uu interface (e.g., an NR-Uu interface based on NR; or an LTE-Uu interface based on LTE). The interface for wireless transmission and / or reception between UEs may be referred to as a PC5 interface (e.g., an NR-PC5 interface based on NR; or an LTE-PC5 interface based on LTE). The UE may perform transmission or reception in one or more BWPs (Bandwidth Parts) in each of one or more carriers, where each carrier may be an uplink carrier, a downlink carrier, or a sidecar carrier.

[0003] Wireless communication systems, such as 4G and 5G, may support one or more positioning and / or ranging technologies. When positioning and / or ranging a UE, information such as the UE's position (e.g., absolute position; or relative position) and / or direction may be calculated and / or estimated based, at least in part, on measurements of some or all of the downlink, uplink, and sidelink signals.

[0004] Wireless communication technologies, such as 4G and 5G, are increasingly being used for machine-type communications (MTC), providing network access services for a large number of "things" or "machines," and, for example, forming the "Internet of Things" (IoT). Different IoT applications can vary significantly in terms of device characteristics and requirements for connectivity services provided by wireless communication networks. For example, in some IoT applications, network access services need to be provided to a very large number of devices. In other cases, the number of devices requiring network access is relatively small. In other cases, the devices accessing the network have very low cost, very low energy consumption, and very long battery life. In other cases, the devices accessing the network are not particularly sensitive to cost, energy consumption, and battery life. In other cases, the devices accessing the network have energy storage. In other cases, the devices accessing the network do not have energy storage. In other cases, the devices accessing the network have signal generation and / or amplification capabilities. For example, in some IoT applications, devices connected to the network lack signal generation and amplification capabilities. In some IoT applications, each device transmits or receives data at a very low rate and is not sensitive to latency. In some IoT applications, wireless connections require extremely high reliability and very low latency.

[0005] To support various services in wireless communication systems, such as communication, positioning, and ranging, in part or in whole, a series of issues need to be addressed, such as operation on licensed and unlicensed spectrum; operation on paired and unpaired spectrum; shared spectrum channel access; initial access; multiple access; random access; channel coding; generation, transmission, and reception of physical layer channels and signals (e.g., determination of transmission bandwidth, transmission waveform, modulation scheme, subcarrier spacing, and cyclic prefix); transmission and reception based on unicast, groupcast, multicast, and broadcast; physical layer control information and signaling processes (e.g., synchronization processes, scheduling mechanisms, and feedback mechanisms); frame structure; timing adjustment; and timing relationships. relationship); for example, transmit power control; for example, signal measurement; for example, higher-layer control information and signaling procedures; for example, resource allocation and management; for example, multi-carrier operation, including, for example, carrier aggregation and dual connectivity; for example, multi-antenna transmission and reception; for example, beam-based operation; for example, priority-based operation; for example, multi-point coordination; for example, relaying operation; for example, mobility management; for example, in-device coexistence; for example, inter-system interoperability and coexistence.

[0006] Prior art literature

[0007] Non-patent literature

[0008] Non-Patent Literature 1: RP-234058, New SID: Study on solutions for Ambient IoT (Internet of Things) in NR, 3GPP TSG RAN Meeting #102 Summary of the Invention

[0009] To address at least some of the above issues, the present disclosure provides a method performed by a user equipment and a user equipment, wherein the transmission type of an uplink transmission triggered by a downlink transmission of an A-IoT UE can be determined at least in part based on the category of the UE, the transmission type supported by the network, the type of the corresponding radio access procedure, and part or all of the indication in the downlink transmission. In this way, while taking into account the capabilities of the UE, the resource utilization of the A-IoT uplink transmission is improved and the transmission of unnecessary external carriers for backscatter is reduced.

[0010] According to the present disclosure, a method performed by a user equipment is proposed, characterized by comprising: determining a transmission type of a physical layer transmission corresponding to a second wireless access message, wherein the transmission type is determined at least in part based on a category of the UE and a first wireless access message received by the UE that triggers the second wireless access message, wherein the first wireless access message indicates that the network only supports uplink transmission as backscatter transmission, or indicates that the network only supports uplink transmission as endogenous transmission, or indicates that the network supports uplink transmission as both backscatter transmission and endogenous transmission; and transmitting the second wireless access message.

[0011] In addition, according to the present disclosure, a user equipment is proposed, including: a processor; and a memory storing instructions, wherein the instructions execute the above method when executed by the processor.

[0012] Therefore, the present disclosure provides a method in which the transmission type of an uplink transmission triggered by a downlink transmission of an A-IoT UE can be determined at least in part based on the UE category, the transmission types supported by the network, the type of the corresponding radio access procedure, and part or all of the indication in the downlink transmission. In this way, while taking into account the capabilities of the UE, the resource utilization of the A-IoT uplink transmission is improved and the transmission of unnecessary external carriers used for backscatter is reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] The above and other features of the present disclosure will become more apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0014] FIG1 shows a flowchart corresponding to a method executed by a UE according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG2 shows a block diagram of a UE involved in the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The present disclosure is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the present disclosure is not limited to the specific embodiments described below. In addition, for the sake of simplicity, detailed descriptions of known technologies that are not directly related to the present disclosure are omitted to prevent confusion in understanding the present disclosure.

[0017] The following describes various embodiments of the present disclosure using the 5G wireless communication system specifications developed by 3GPP and their subsequent evolutionary versions (e.g., 5G Advanced) as example application environments. However, it should be noted that the present disclosure is not limited to the following embodiments, but is applicable to many other wireless communication systems, such as wireless communication systems after 5G, and 4G mobile communication systems before 5G, such as LTE, LTE-Advanced, and LTE-Advanced Pro.

[0018] The terms given in this disclosure may be named differently in different wireless communication systems, but unified terms are used in this disclosure, and when applied to a specific system, they can be replaced with terms used in the corresponding system.

[0019] In all embodiments and implementations of the present disclosure, unless otherwise specified:

[0020] ●“Node” and “communication node” are interchangeable.

[0021] ● “Device” and “User Equipment” (UE) are interchangeable.

[0022] ●“Base station” may refer to a base station of a 4G or its evolved system, or may refer to a base station of a 5G or its evolved system, or may refer to a base station in other communication systems.

[0023] ●“Predefined” and “Preset” are interchangeable.

[0024] ● “Number” and “index” are interchangeable. For example, the number of a resource block (RB) can also be called the index of the RB; for example, “numbering an RB as 0” can also be expressed as “indexing an RB as 0.”

[0025] ●The elements in a set (or array, or list, or sequence, etc.) can correspond to indexes 0, 1, 2, ..., in the order in which they appear, or 1, 2, 3, ..., in the order in which they appear. For example, the set {t0, t1, ..., t N-1}, and t N-1 They may correspond to indexes 0, 1, ..., and N-1 respectively.

[0026] ● An element in a collection (or array, or list, or sequence, etc.) can be represented by its index. For example, a resource element (RE) with an index of 0 can be referred to as "RE 0".

[0027] ●The index corresponding to an object (e.g., a subcarrier, a time slot, a cyclic shift, etc.) (e.g., the index of the object in a set, an array, a list, or a sequence) can be used as the "identifier" (ID) of the object.

[0028] ●The index corresponding to an object can be used to indicate the object in signaling.

[0029] If no quantity is specified when referring to an object, the number of the object may be one or more. For example, in "perform transmission on a channel", the "transmission(s)" may correspond to one transmission or multiple transmissions.

[0030] ● A time series or a corresponding set (e.g., a set of time slots {t0, t1, ..., t N-1 The elements in}) may appear in chronological order, for example, the time corresponding to time slot t0 is earlier than (or no later than) the time corresponding to time slot t1, the time corresponding to time slot t1 is earlier than (or no later than) the time corresponding to time slot t2, and so on.

[0031] ●Δ(x1, x2) can represent the offset between x1 and x2 (offset between x1and x2; or, “offset of x2 with respect to x1”; or, “offset from x1 to x2”), where x1 and x2 can be the values ​​of two comparable parameters (or variables), or can be two possible values ​​of a parameter (or variable). If x1 and x2 are two time parameters (or variables), then Δ(x1, x2)>0 can represent that the time corresponding to x1 is earlier than the time corresponding to x2, Δ(x1, x2)≥0 can represent that the time corresponding to x1 is earlier than or equal to the time corresponding to x2, Δ(x1, x2)<0 can represent that the time corresponding to x1 is later than the time corresponding to x2, and Δ(x1, x2)≤0 can represent that the time corresponding to x1 is later than or equal to the time corresponding to x2. For example, if x1 and x2 are two time slots in a resource pool, then Δ(x1, x2) can be defined as the difference between the time slot index corresponding to the time slot x2 and the time slot index corresponding to the time slot x1, where the time slot index can be a physical time slot index or a logical time slot index (for example, the index of the corresponding time slot in the time slot set of the resource pool).

[0032] ● A bit string (e.g., 'b0b1...b L-1 '), the leftmost bit (ie, b0) can correspond to the most significant bit, and accordingly, the rightmost bit (ie, b L-1 ) may correspond to the least significant bit.

[0033] ● A bit string of size (or "length") L bits (e.g., 'b0b1...b L-1 '), the leftmost bit (ie, b0) may correspond to the least significant bit, and accordingly, the rightmost bit (ie, b L-1 ) can correspond to the most significant bit.

[0034] A priority can be assigned a priority value. For example, one priority can be assigned a priority value of 1, while another priority can be assigned a priority value of 8.

[0035] The relationship between a priority and its corresponding priority value may be such that as the priority value increases, the priority decreases. For example, if a first side transmission and a second side transmission are associated with priority values ​​of 1 and 2, respectively, the priority of the first side transmission is higher than the priority of the second side transmission.

[0036] The relationship between a priority and its corresponding priority value may be such that as the priority value increases, the priority increases. For example, if a first side transmission and a second side transmission are associated with priority values ​​of 1 and 2, respectively, the priority of the first side transmission is lower than the priority of the second side transmission.

[0037] Δf may represent the subcarrier spacing (SCS) in OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing), for example, Δf = 15 kHz, Δf = 30 kHz, Δf = 60 kHz, or Δf = 120 kHz.

[0038] μ can represent the SCS configuration corresponding to an SCS. For example, μ = 0 corresponds to Δf = 15 kHz; μ = 1 corresponds to Δf = 30 kHz; μ = 2 corresponds to Δf = 60 kHz; and μ = 3 corresponds to Δf = 120 kHz.

[0039] ●Constant T c It can be defined as: c =1 / (Δf max ·N f ), where Δf max =480·10 3 Hz, N f =4096.

[0040] ●The constant κκ can be defined as: κ=T s / T c =64, where T s =1 / (Δf ref ·N f,ref ), Δf ref =15·10 3 Hz, N f,ref =2048.

[0041] In some aspects, an "operating band" may refer to an operating band whose duplex mode is FDD (Frequency Division Duplex), or an operating band whose duplex mode is TDD (Time Division Duplex), or an operating band defined in other ways.

[0042] In some aspects, a "node" may refer to a network node (eg, a base station).

[0043] In some aspects, "node" may refer to a non-network node (eg, a UE).

[0044] In some respects, "Layer 1" and "Physical Layer" are interchangeable.

[0045] In some aspects, "Layer 2" may not include any sub-layers.

[0046] In some aspects, "Layer 2" may include one or more sublayers, such as part or all of MAC (Medium Access Control), RLC (Radio Link Control), PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol), and SDAP (Service Data Adaptation Protocol).

[0047] In some aspects, "higher layer(s)" (or upper layer(s)) may refer to one or more protocol layers or protocol sublayers above a reference protocol layer or reference protocol sublayer in a particular protocol stack (e.g., an access stratum protocol stack). For example, if the reference protocol layer or reference protocol sublayer is a physical layer, the "higher layer" may include, at least in part, the MAC layer, the RLC layer, the PDCP layer, the SDAP layer, the RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer, the PC5-RRC layer, and part or all of the PC5-S layer. Unless otherwise specified, the reference protocol layer or reference protocol sublayer may be a physical layer. Where there is no risk of confusion, "higher layer" may also be referred to as "upper layer."

[0048] In some aspects, "lower layer(s)" may refer to one or more protocol layers or protocol sublayers below a reference protocol layer or reference protocol sublayer in a particular protocol stack. For example, if the reference protocol layer or reference protocol sublayer is the RRC layer, the "lower layer" may include part or all of the MAC layer and the physical layer; for another example, if the reference protocol layer or reference protocol sublayer is the MAC layer, the "lower layer" may refer to the physical layer. Unless otherwise specified, the reference protocol layer or reference protocol sublayer may be the MAC layer. Where there is no risk of confusion, the "lower layer" may also be referred to as the "lower layer."

[0049] In some aspects, "signaling" may refer to physical layer signaling, such as DCI (Downlink Control Information), UCI (Uplink Control Information), and SCI (Sidelink Control Information).

[0050] In some aspects, "signaling" may refer to higher layer signaling, such as MAC CE (Control Element).

[0051] In some aspects, a "parameter" may refer to a physical layer parameter.

[0052] In some aspects, a "parameter" can refer to a higher-level parameter.

[0053] In some aspects, a "parameter" may refer to a predefined parameter. For example, the number of subcarriers in each RB Can be a predefined constant, such as

[0054] In some aspects, a "parameter" may refer to a "configured" parameter. For example, configuration information corresponding to a "configured" parameter (e.g., the value of the parameter) may be provided by a protocol layer (e.g., the RRC layer) in a communication node to another protocol layer (e.g., the physical layer); for another example, configuration information corresponding to a "configured" parameter (e.g., the value of the parameter) may be provided by a protocol layer (e.g., the RRC layer) in a communication node to a peer protocol layer in another communication node; for another example, configuration information corresponding to a "configured" parameter (e.g., the value of the parameter) may be pre-set in a specific storage location in a communication node or other storage location accessible to the node. In this case, the parameter may also be referred to as a "pre-configured" parameter.

[0055] In some aspects, a "symbol" may refer to an OFDM symbol.

[0056] In some aspects, a resource may be identified, at least in part, by one or more parameters in the time domain. For example, the one or more parameters may include some or all of the following: a starting symbol for the resource, a starting time slot for the resource, a number of symbols occupied by the resource, and a number of time slots occupied by the resource.

[0057] In some aspects, a resource may be identified, at least in part, by one or more parameters in the frequency domain. For example, the one or more parameters may include some or all of the following: a starting subchannel for the resource, a starting RB for the resource, a starting subcarrier for the resource, a number of subchannels occupied by the resource, a number of RBs occupied by the resource, and a number of subcarriers occupied by the resource.

[0058] In some aspects, a resource may be identified at least in part by one or more parameters in the code domain. For example, the one or more parameters may include some or all of the following: a cyclic shift value or a corresponding cyclic shift index corresponding to the resource, and a cyclic shift pair value or a corresponding cyclic shift pair index corresponding to the resource.

[0059] In some aspects, a resource may be identified, at least in part, by one or more parameters in the spatial domain. For example, the one or more parameters may include a layer to which the resource corresponds, where a "layer" may refer to one of one or more layers to which a TB (Transport Block) or its corresponding codeword is mapped in spatial multiplexing.

[0060] In some aspects, "RB" may refer to a PRB (physical resource block), and accordingly, "RB index" may refer to a PRB index.

[0061] In some aspects, "RB" may refer to a VRB (virtual resource block), and accordingly, "RB index" may refer to a VRB index.

[0062] In some aspects, "RB" may refer to a CRB (common resource block), and accordingly, "RB index" may refer to a CRB index.

[0063] In some aspects, "RB" may refer to an IRB (Interlaced Resource Block), and accordingly, "RB index" may refer to an IRB index.

[0064] In some aspects, in the time domain, a "frame" (or "radio frame") may refer to a system frame (the corresponding frame number may be referred to as a system frame number, SFN).

[0065] In some aspects, in the time domain, a "frame" (or "radio frame") may refer to a direct frame (the corresponding frame number may be referred to as a direct frame number, DFN).

[0066] In some aspects, a frame number cycle (or frame cycle) may include T FNP = 1024 frames, for example, indexed as 0, 1, ..., 1023 in chronological order. The duration of each frame can be T f = 10 milliseconds, which can contain 10 subframes, where the duration of each subframe is T sf = 1 millisecond. Each subframe can contain time slots, for example, The index of a time slot in a subframe can be recorded as The index of a time slot in a frame can be recorded as in, Can be equal to 10.2 μ The index of a time slot in the frame period can be recorded as in Can be equal to (For example, 1024·(10·2 μ )).

[0067] In some aspects, a "physical time slot" may refer to a time slot belonging to a physical time slot set, where the physical time slot set may be all time slots in a continuous period of time (e.g., a frame number period); the physical time slots in the physical time slot set may be indexed in chronological order as 0, 1, ...

[0068] In some aspects, "transmission" may refer to uplink transmission, or may refer to downlink transmission, or may refer to sidelink transmission.

[0069] In some aspects, "carrier" may refer to an uplink carrier, or may refer to a downlink carrier, or may refer to a sidelink carrier.

[0070] In some aspects, a "bandwidth segment" may refer to an upstream bandwidth segment, or may refer to a downstream bandwidth segment, or may refer to a sidelink bandwidth segment.

[0071] In some aspects, "operation" may refer to an upstream operation, or may refer to a downstream operation, or may refer to a sideways operation.

[0072] In some aspects, a "transmission" may correspond to a transmission on a physical channel. For example, the physical channel may be a PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel), or a PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel), or a PRACH (Physical Random-Access Channel), or a PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel), or a PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel), or a PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel), or a PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel), or a PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel), or a PSFCH (Physical Sidelink Feedback Channel), or a PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel), or other physical channels.

[0073] In some aspects, a "transmission" may correspond to the transmission of a physical signal. For example, the physical signal may be a PSS (Primary Synchronization Signal), or may be an SSS (Secondary Synchronization Signal), or may be a CSI-RS (Channel-State Information Reference Signal), or may be a DM-RS (Demodulation Reference Signal), or may be a PT-RS (Phase-tracking reference signals), or may be an SRS (Sounding Reference Signal), or may be a RIM-RS (Remote Interference Management Reference Signal), or may be an S-PSS (Sidelink primary synchronization signal), or may be an S-SSS (Sidelink secondary synchronization signal), or may be an SL PRS (Sidelink Positioning Reference Signal), or may be another physical signal.

[0074] In some aspects, a "transmission" may correspond to the transmission of zero or one or more physical channels and zero or one or more physical signals multiplexed in the same resource (e.g., a time-frequency in a resource pool; or, in another example, several RBs in a time slot). For example, an "SS / PBCH block" (or an "SSB" or an "SS block") may consist of a PSS, an SSS, and a PBCH multiplexed in the same time slot; for example, an "S-SS / PSBCH block" (or an "S-SSB") may consist of an S-PSS, an S-SSS, and a PSBCH multiplexed in the same time slot; for example, a "PSCCH / PSSCH" (or a "PSSCH / PSCCH") may consist of a PSCCH and its associated PSSCH multiplexed in the same time slot.

[0075] In some aspects, DCI carried in a downlink transmission (e.g., PDCCH) corresponding to a specific DCI format (e.g., denoted as DCI format X) may be referred to as "a DCI format X." For example, DCI carried in a PDCCH corresponding to DCI format 0_0 may be referred to as "a DCI format 0_0."

[0076] In some aspects, the frequency unit corresponding to PSD (power spectral density) may be subcarrier, RB, Hz (Hertz), MHz (Megahertz), or other frequency units. For example, PSD may represent the power (or average power) on each RB.

[0077] In some aspects, for two transmissions with equal PSDs, the transmit power of the second transmission (e.g., denoted as P2, in dBm) may be determined at least in part based on the transmit power of the first of the two transmissions (e.g., denoted as P1, in dBm), the frequency resources allocated for the first transmission (e.g., M1 consecutive RBs; or, for example, M1 consecutive subcarriers), and the frequency resources allocated for the second of the two transmissions (e.g., M2 consecutive RBs; or, for example, M2 consecutive subcarriers). Specifically, for example,

[0078] In Rel-12, the 3GPP specification introduced a UE category, Category 0, for "Low Complexity UEs" to provide low-cost equipment for MTC. Compared to UE categories introduced before Rel-12, Category 0 UEs have simplified transmission and reception capabilities. For example, the TBS (transport block size) used for user data transmission in Category 0 UEs is limited to no more than 1000 bits. Furthermore, the half-duplex FDD operation Type B supported by Category 0 UEs also has a longer "guard period" than the previous half-duplex FDD operation Type A.

[0079] Starting from Rel-13, 3GPP specifications began to support eMTC (enhanced MTC, also known as "LTE-MTC", or "LTE-M") to further reduce the cost of MTC devices and support wider coverage (for example, this can be reflected in higher coupling loss). The "Category M1" UE introduced in Rel-13 is a "BLUE" (bandwidth reduced low complexity UE), which only supports a channel bandwidth of 6 PRBs in the uplink and downlink respectively. Subsequent 3GPP specifications introduced an enhanced UE category for BL UE, namely "Category M2" (Category M2), to support larger PDSCH / PUSCH channel bandwidth. BL UE has its own SIB1 (System Information Block 1) that is different from non-BL UE.

[0080] 3GPP Rel-13 also supports "UEs in Enhanced Coverage" (or "UEs in Coverage Enhancement", or simply UEs in CE), which is characterized by the need to use enhanced coverage to access a cell. To this end, Rel-13 introduces two enhanced coverage modes (or coverage enhancement modes): CE Mode A and CE Mode B. For BL UEs, support for CE Mode A is mandatory. In a cell supporting enhanced coverage, different CE levels (coverage enhancement levels) can correspond to different configurations (e.g., PRACH resource configuration) and / or operations.

[0081] 3GPP Rel-13 also introduced NB-IoT (Narrow Band Internet of Things), which allows network services to be provided over E-UTRA (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access) with a 200kHz channel bandwidth. NB-IoT provides access to network services using a physical layer optimized for very low power consumption, for example, using a full 180kHz carrier bandwidth and 3.75kHz or 15kHz subcarrier spacing. In an NB-IoT carrier, 3.75kHz and 15kHz subcarrier spacing can correspond to transmission bandwidth configurations of 48 and 12 subcarriers, respectively.

[0082] NB-IoT removes a large number of E-UTRA features that are not relevant to the design goals of NB-IoT, such as inter-RAT mobility, handover, relaying, carrier aggregation, dual connectivity, sidelink communication, and sidelink discovery, thereby significantly reducing UE complexity.

[0083] NB-IoT supports "stand-alone operation", "guard band operation" and "in-band operation". In stand-alone operation, NB-IoT uses its own spectrum, for example, the spectrum corresponding to one or more GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) carriers. In guard band operation, NB-IoT can use unused resource blocks (RB(s)) in the guard band of an E-UTRA carrier. In in-band operation, NB-IoT can use resource blocks (RB(s)) in a normal E-UTRA carrier.

[0084] NB-IoT supports two UE categories: Category NB1 and Category NB2. UEs supporting Category NB1 must also support Category NB2. Category NB2 supports larger maximum uplink TBS, maximum downlink TBS, and Layer 2 buffer size than Category NB1.

[0085] eMTC and NB-IoT can both be considered LPWA (low power, wide area) technologies, and their device features may include low cost, long battery life, ubiquitous coverage and high system capacity.

[0086] In recent years, the automation and digitization of various industries have opened up many new markets, creating an urgent need for new IoT technologies to support devices with lower complexity and / or power consumption (e.g., one or more orders of magnitude lower than existing 3GPP LPWA technologies, such as eMTC and / or NB-IoT). For example, this could include devices with very limited energy storage capabilities and without any rechargeable or manually replaceable batteries. Furthermore, new IoT technologies need to support higher numbers of connections and / or device densities (e.g., one or more orders of magnitude higher than existing 3GPP LPWA technologies, such as eMTC and / or NB-IoT). To this end, 3GPP launched a study item in Rel-19 entitled "Study on solutions for Ambient IoT (Internet of Things) in NR" to evaluate the feasibility of this new IoT technology (e.g., including corresponding radio access technologies), known as "Ambient Power-enabled IoT" (or "Ambient IoT," or simply A-IoT or AIoT).

[0087] In all embodiments and implementations of the present disclosure, unless otherwise specified, “UE” refers to A-IoT UE.

[0088] In some aspects, A-IoT can support DT (Device-terminated) services.

[0089] In some aspects, A-IoT can support DO (Device-originated) services, where DO services can include DO-A (DO autonomous) services and DO-DTT (DO device-terminated triggered) services.

[0090] In some aspects, in a topology supported by A-IoT (e.g., referred to as “A-IoT topology 1”), an A-IoT UE can communicate directly with a base station(s) in a bidirectional manner (e.g., via A-IoT radio access technology), where:

[0091] • The two-way communication may include the transmission of data and / or signaling.

[0092] ●For the UE, "uplink transmission" may refer to transmission from the UE to the base station, and "downlink transmission" may refer to transmission from the base station to the UE.

[0093] ●For the UE, the base station performing downlink transmission and the base station performing uplink reception may be the same base station, or may be different base stations.

[0094] In some aspects, in a topology supported by A-IoT (e.g., referred to as “A-IoT topology 2”), an A-IoT UE communicates bidirectionally with an intermediate node(s) (e.g., via A-IoT radio access technology), and the intermediate node(s) transfers data and / or signaling between a base station(s) and the A-IoT UE, wherein:

[0095] • The two-way communication may include the transmission of data and / or signaling.

[0096] The intermediate node may communicate bidirectionally with the base station via a Uu interface (e.g., an NR Uu interface; another example, an LTE Uu interface). In this sense, in some aspects, the intermediate node may be considered a UE (e.g., an NR UE; another example, an LTE UE). Accordingly, for bidirectional communication between the intermediate node and the base station, "uplink transmission" may refer to transmission from the intermediate node to the base station, and "downlink transmission" may refer to transmission from the base station to the intermediate node.

[0097] ●For the UE, “uplink transmission” may refer to transmission from the UE to the intermediate node, and “downlink transmission” may refer to transmission from the intermediate node to the UE.

[0098] ●For the UE, the intermediate node performing downlink transmission and the intermediate node performing uplink reception may be the same node, or may be different nodes.

[0099] For convenience, in A-IoT, a node (such as a base station in A-IoT topology 1, or an intermediate node in A-IoT topology 2) that directly communicates (e.g., bidirectional communication) with an A-IoT UE through A-IoT wireless access technology can be called an "A-IoT base station" (e.g., A-BS for short).

[0100] In A-IoT, “uplink transmission” may include transmission performed by an A-IoT UE (e.g., transmission from the A-IoT UE to an A-BS), and “downlink transmission” may include transmission performed by an A-BS (e.g., transmission from the A-BS to an A-IoT UE).

[0101] In some aspects, an A-IoT UE may support “energy harvesting” technology, for example, the UE may capture and convert energy from its surrounding environment (e.g., radio waves therein) and use it for power or storage.

[0102] In some aspects, an A-IoT UE may support demodulation, decoding, etc. of a transmission from an A-BS. In some aspects, a receiver of an A-IoT UE may support “envelope detection” technology.

[0103] In some aspects, A-IoT can support backscattering transmission (backscattering transmission, or backscatter transmission, or backscattered transmission, or called "backscattering-based transmission", backscattering-based transmission, or backscatter-based transmission), where, for example, a first node (e.g., denoted as N1) can change its reflected (or called "backscattered") CW (carrier-wave, or called "RF carrier", RF (Radio Frequency) carrier-wave) transmitted by a second node (e.g., denoted as N2) in a certain manner (e.g., by changing the reflection coefficient of its antenna, etc.) to transmit information to a third node (e.g., denoted as N3), where,

[0104] The node N2 may be referred to as a CWN (carrier-wave node).

[0105] • In some aspects, the transmission by the node N2 may be referred to as a "downlink transmission".

[0106] • In some aspects, the transmission by the node N2 may be referred to as an "uplink transmission".

[0107] • In some aspects, the backscatter transmission may be triggered by a transmission from the node N3.

[0108] ● In some aspects, the node N1 can be an A-IoT UE.

[0109] • In some aspects, the node N3 may be an A-BS, or may be another type of network node.

[0110] • In some aspects, the backscatter transmission may be an uplink transmission, and the transmission that triggers the backscatter transmission (if any) may be a downlink transmission.

[0111] • In some aspects, the node N2 may be an A-BS, or may be another type of network node.

[0112] • In some aspects, the node N2 and the node N3 may be the same node.

[0113] • In some aspects, the CW can be an unmodulated signal, such as a continuous-wave.

[0114] In some aspects, the CW may be a modulated signal. For example, the baseband signal corresponding to the CW may be an OFDM baseband signal. In another example, the modulation scheme (or modulation mapper) corresponding to the CW may be QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying).

[0115] In some aspects, the resources (e.g., time-frequency resources) occupied by the CW transmission may be referred to as a “CW resource.” In some aspects, the CW resource may be determined at least in part based on an indication carried in a transmission by the node N3 that triggers the backscatter transmission.

[0116] In some aspects, a backscatter transmission can be considered a transmission with a transmission type (also called a "transmission scheme" or "transmission mode") of "backscatter."

[0117] In some aspects, for an uplink transmission with a transmission type of "backscatter", the corresponding CWN may be an A-BS, or may be a base station of another type, or may be a network node of another type.

[0118] In some aspects, for an uplink transmission of transmission type "backscatter" triggered by a downlink transmission, the transmit power of the corresponding CW may be determined at least in part based on the transmit power of the downlink transmission (e.g., the transmit power of the CW may be equal to the transmit power of the downlink transmission). This may apply, for example, to a situation where the corresponding CWN and the corresponding A-BS are the same node.

[0119] In some aspects, for an uplink transmission of transmission type "backscatter" triggered by a downlink transmission, the PSD of the corresponding CW may be determined at least in part based on the PSD of the downlink transmission (e.g., the PSD of the CW may be equal to the PSD of the downlink transmission). In this case, the transmit power of the CW may be determined at least in part based on the PSD of the downlink transmission, the frequency resources allocated for the downlink transmission, and the frequency resources allocated for the CW. This may apply, for example, to a case where the corresponding CWN and the corresponding A-BS are the same node.

[0120] In some aspects, for an uplink transmission of transmission type "backscatter", if the corresponding CWN and the corresponding A-BS are the same node, one or more of the following may be true:

[0121] The transmission power of the corresponding CW may be determined at least in part based on the transmission power of a downlink transmission of the A-BS (e.g., a downlink transmission that triggered the backscatter transmission). For example, the transmission power of the CW may be equal to the transmission power of the downlink transmission. For another example, the transmission power of the CW may be determined in the same manner as the transmission power of the downlink transmission.

[0122] The PSD of the corresponding CW may be determined at least in part based on the PSD of a downlink transmission of the A-BS (e.g., a downlink transmission that triggered the backscatter transmission). For example, the PSD of the CW may be equal to the PSD of the downlink transmission, and accordingly, the transmission power of the CW may be determined at least in part based on the PSD of the downlink transmission, the frequency resources allocated for the downlink transmission, and the frequency resources allocated for the CW. For another example, the PSD of the CW may be determined in the same manner as the PSD of the downlink transmission.

[0123] In some aspects, for an uplink transmission of transmission type “backscatter” performed by an A-IoT UE triggered by a downlink transmission, the operating frequency band of the corresponding CW may be determined at least in part based on one or more of the following:

[0124] The operating frequency band of the downlink transmission (for example, an FDD downlink operating frequency band or a TDD downlink operating frequency band).

[0125] ● An operating frequency band predefined or configured for uplink transmission (eg, an FDD uplink operating frequency band or a TDD uplink operating frequency band).

[0126] ● The node type of the A-BS (e.g., a base station or an intermediate node).

[0127] For example, the CW operating frequency band can always be equal to the uplink transmission operating frequency band. For another example, if the A-BS is a base station, the CW operating frequency band can be an FDD downlink operating frequency band. For another example, if the A-BS is an intermediate node, the CW operating frequency band can be an FDD uplink operating frequency band.

[0128] Compared with backscatter transmission, the transmission generated by a node can be called "internally-generated transmission" (or "self-generated transmission", or "transmission based on independent signal generation"). For example, the digital baseband signal generated inside the node is converted into an analog RF signal after passing through some or all of the steps including digital-to-analog conversion, filtering, mixing, etc., and is output to the antenna after signal amplification. For example, the characteristics of the node may include: having active RF components (active RF component(s)) for transmission. Specifically, for example, an uplink transmission of an NB-IoT UE can be considered an internal transmission.

[0129] In some aspects, A-IoT can support endogenous transmission.

[0130] In some aspects, an inbound transmission can be considered a transmission with a transmission type of "inbound".

[0131] In some aspects, A-IoT can support a category of UEs with very low power consumption (e.g., "Category A1"). For example, in one definition, its peak power consumption is around 1μW; in another definition, its peak power consumption is no more than 10μW. Characteristics of a Category A1 UE may also include some or all of the following:

[0132] ●There is energy storage.

[0133] ●The initial SFO (sampling frequency offset) can be as high as ppm (parts per million), where X A1 It can be a fixed value, or it can change according to certain conditions.

[0134] ●No signal amplification capability (eg, no downlink signal amplification capability, and no uplink signal amplification capability).

[0135] ●Uplink transmission is backscatter transmission.

[0136] In some aspects, A-IoT can support a category of UEs with moderate power consumption (e.g., "Category A2"), for example, in one definition, its peak power consumption does not exceed a few hundred μW; in another definition, its peak power consumption is around 100 μW; in another definition, its peak power consumption does not exceed 1 mW; in another definition, its peak power consumption does not exceed 10 mW. Characteristics of a Category A2 UE may also include some or all of the following:

[0137] ●There is energy storage.

[0138] ● Initial SFO Gundam ppm, where X A2 It can be a fixed value, or it can change according to certain conditions.

[0139] ●Has signal amplification capability (for example, has downlink signal amplification capability and / or uplink signal amplification capability).

[0140] ● Uplink transmission can be endogenous transmission or backscatter transmission.

[0141] In some aspects, the X A1 Can be equal to the X A2 .

[0142] In some aspects, the X A1 May not be equal to the X A2 .

[0143] In some aspects, a "Category A2 UE" is always a "Category A1 UE" (or, a UE that supports "Category A2" must also support "Category A1").

[0144] In some aspects, the “Class A1” may be referred to as “Type A1” or “Type 1” without risk of confusion.

[0145] In some aspects, the “Category A2” may be referred to as “Type A2” or “Type 2” without risk of confusion.

[0146] In some aspects, A-IoT can support some or all of "standalone operation," "guard band operation," and "in-band operation." For example, in standalone operation, A-IoT can use its own spectrum; in guard band operation, A-IoT can use unused resource blocks (RB(s)) in the guard band of an NR carrier; and in in-band operation, A-IoT can use resource blocks (RB(s)) in a normal NR carrier.

[0147] In some aspects, A-IoT can support OFDM-based downlink transmission.

[0148] In some aspects, A-IoT may not support OFDM-based downlink transmission.

[0149] In some aspects, in the downlink, A-IoT can support OOK (On-Offkeying) modulation scheme.

[0150] In some aspects, the time domain and / or frequency domain resources allocated to A-IoT can be determined based on an "A-IoT SCS". For example, in A-IoT, for a given channel bandwidth (or referred to as "UE channel bandwidth") on a given frequency band, a corresponding "maximum transmission bandwidth configuration", for example, expressed in the number of RBs, can be determined based on the A-IoT SCS. For another example, in A-IoT, the frequency domain resources allocated for a downlink transmission (or uplink transmission), for example, expressed in the number of RBs (or the number of subcarriers), can be determined based on the A-IoT SCS. For another example, in A-IoT, the time domain resources allocated for a downlink transmission (or uplink transmission), for example, expressed in the number of time slots (or the number of symbols), can be determined based on the A-IoT SCS. In some aspects, the A-IoT SCS can be an SCS predefined or configured for the frequency band and / or the channel bandwidth. In some aspects, the A-IoT SCS may be the SCS for SSB transmission defined by the GSCN (Global Synchronization Channel Number) corresponding to the frequency band and / or corresponding RF channel. In some aspects, the A-IoT SCS may be the SCS used by the NR system co-located with A-IoT.

[0151] In some aspects, an A-IoT system may support part or all of a “basic feature set” and an “advanced feature set”.

[0152] In some aspects, the advanced functionality set may include all functionality in the basic functionality set (in which case, for example, the advanced functionality set may also be referred to as a "full functionality set"). For example, in the basic functionality set, the supported transmission type for uplink transmission is "backscatter"; for another example, in the advanced functionality set, the supported transmission types for uplink transmission are "backscatter" and "endogenous."

[0153] In some aspects, the intersection of the advanced functionality set and the basic functionality set may be an empty set (e.g., the advanced functionality set consists of one or more functionality not supported in the basic functionality set). For example, in the basic functionality set, the supported uplink transmission type is "backscatter"; for another example, in the advanced functionality set, the supported uplink transmission type is "endogenous."

[0154] In some aspects, a Category A1 UE supports the basic set of functions.

[0155] In some aspects, a Category A1 UE does not support the advanced feature set.

[0156] In some aspects, a category A2 UE supports the basic set of functions.

[0157] In some aspects, a category A2 UE supports the advanced set of capabilities.

[0158] In some aspects, the basic function set may be a set consisting of all functions defined for a category A1 UE.

[0159] In some aspects, the advanced functionality set may be a set consisting of all functionality defined for a category A2 UE.

[0160] In some aspects, the advanced functionality set may be a set consisting of all functionality defined for a category A2 UE that is not in the basic functionality set.

[0161] In some aspects, for a given frequency band, the set of channel bandwidths supported by a category A1 UE may be a subset of the set of channel bandwidths supported by a category A2 UE.

[0162] In some aspects, for a given frequency band, the set of maximum transmission bandwidth configurations supported by a category A1 UE may be a subset of the set of maximum transmission bandwidth configurations supported by a category A2 UE.

[0163] In some aspects, A-IoT may support some or all of contention-based random access and contention-free random access.

[0164] In some aspects, A-IoT may support network-triggered random access and UE autonomously triggered random access. In network-triggered random access, the random access may be triggered by a downlink transmission. In UE autonomously triggered random access, the random access may be autonomously triggered by the A-IoT UE (e.g., by a layer of the A-IoT UE, such as the MAC layer, or a higher layer above the MAC layer).

[0165] In some aspects, network triggered random access may belong to the basic set of functions.

[0166] In some aspects, network triggered random access may belong to the set of advanced functions.

[0167] In some aspects, network triggered random access may not be part of the advanced functionality set.

[0168] In some aspects, UE-autonomously triggered random access may belong to the basic function set.

[0169] In some aspects, UE autonomously triggered random access may belong to the advanced functional set.

[0170] In some aspects, a Category A1 UE supports network triggered random access.

[0171] In some aspects, a Category A1 UE does not support UE-autonomously triggered random access.

[0172] In some aspects, a category A2 UE supports network triggered random access.

[0173] In some aspects, a category A2 UE supports UE autonomously triggered random access.

[0174] In some aspects, in A-IoT, one or more downlink indication messages (for example, respectively referred to as "first network function downlink indication message", "second network function downlink indication message", etc.) can be defined to indicate a function (or a set of functions) supported (or enabled) by the network, wherein each of the downlink indication messages can be transmitted in a broadcast, unicast or groupcast (or "multicast") manner (for example, transmitted by an A-BS).

[0175] For example, a "first network function downlink indication message" may indicate part or all of the following:

[0176] ● The network supports (or is enabled with) the basic function set.

[0177] ● The network supports (or is enabled with) the advanced feature set.

[0178] ● The network supports (or enables) the basic function set and the advanced function set.

[0179] In some aspects, an A-IoT system always supports the basic function set, and accordingly, the "first network function downlink indication message" can be used to indicate whether the network (additionally) supports (or enables) the advanced function set.

[0180] For another example, a “second network function downlink indication message” may indicate part or all of the following:

[0181] ● The network supports (or enables) backscatter transmission.

[0182] ●The network supports (or enables) native transmission.

[0183] • The network supports (or enables) backscatter transmission as well as intrinsic transmission.

[0184] ●The network supports (or enables) uplink transmission of the transmission type "backscatter".

[0185] ●The network supports (or enables) uplink transmission of the transmission type "intrinsic".

[0186] ● The network supports (or enables) uplink transmission with a transmission type of "backscatter" and uplink transmission with a transmission type of "endogenous".

[0187] In some aspects, an A-IoT system always supports (or enables) backscatter transmission, and accordingly, the "second network function downlink indication message" can be used to indicate whether the network (additionally) supports (or enables) intrinsic transmission.

[0188] In some aspects, an A-IoT system always supports (or enables) uplink transmission of the transmission type "backscatter", and accordingly, the "second network function downlink indication message" can be used to indicate whether the network (additionally) supports (or enables) uplink transmission of the transmission type "endogenous".

[0189] In some aspects, the "first network function downlink indication message", "second network function downlink indication message", ... and so on can be part of SI (system information).

[0190] In some aspects, a frequency domain resource allocation unit for uplink transmission with a transmission type of "backscatter" may be referred to as a "Type 1A FRU (frequency resource unit)", wherein a Type 1A FRU may correspond to subcarriers, or can correspond to RBs, or it can correspond to a bandwidth of kHz A-IoT channel, or may be defined in other ways, where The number of Type 1A FRUs may correspond to a predefined or configured parameter, or may be determined based on one or more predefined or configured parameters. The size of the frequency resources actually corresponding to the Type 1A FRU may be determined at least in part based on the A-IoT SCS. Specifically, for example, five Type 1A FRUs may be allocated for an uplink transmission with a transmission type of "backscatter." In another example, ten Type 1A FRUs may be allocated for an uplink transmission with a transmission type of "backscatter."

[0191] In some aspects, there may be an offset (e.g., called BFRO, backscatter frequency resource offset) between the frequency resources occupied by an uplink transmission of transmission type "backscatter" performed by an A-IoT UE and the frequency resources occupied by the corresponding CW, where:

[0192] • In some aspects, the BFRO may correspond to one or more Type 1A FRUs.

[0193] • In some aspects, the BFRO may be indicated in a downlink transmission that triggers (or schedules) the uplink transmission.

[0194] In some aspects, the BFRO may be an element of a BFRO set, where the BFRO set may be determined at least in part based on one or more of the following:

[0195] ■ The category of the UE (e.g., category A1 UE or category A2 UE).

[0196] ■ The "BFRO capability" reported by the UE.

[0197] ■ An indication in a downlink transmission that triggered (or scheduled) the uplink transmission.

[0198] ■A “first network function downlink indication message” received by the UE.

[0199] ■A “second network function downlink indication message” received by the UE.

[0200] ■The frequency band in which the uplink transmission occurs.

[0201] In some aspects, the “BFRO capability” may be carried by an A-IoT UE in an uplink transmission, where the “BFRO capability” may include one or more of the following:

[0202] ● All BFROs supported by the UE.

[0203] ● All BFROs supported by the UE that do not belong to a "minimum BFRO set" (or "basic BFRO set", or "common BFRO set"), where:

[0204] ■ In some aspects, the minimum BFRO set can be a predefined or configured set.

[0205] ■ In some aspects, the minimum BFRO set may be at least partially related to the frequency band. For example, a minimum BFRO set may be predefined or configured for each applicable frequency band.

[0206] ■ In some aspects, the minimum BFRO set may be a set consisting of all BFROs supported by all UEs (eg, including all category A1 UEs and all category A2 UEs).

[0207] ■ In some aspects, the minimum BFRO set may be applicable to the first uplink transmission in a network-triggered random access procedure.

[0208] ● All BFROs supported by the UE in the frequency band where the uplink transmission is located.

[0209] ● All BFROs that do not belong to the minimum BFRO set among all BFROs supported by the UE in the frequency band where the uplink transmission is located.

[0210] In some aspects, for a BFRO set defined in the "BFRO capability", the set reported by a category A1 UE may be different from the set reported by a category A2 UE (eg, the former may be a subset of the latter).

[0211] In some aspects, a BFRO set in the “BFRO capability” corresponding to a Category A1 UE may be a predefined set, and accordingly, a Category A1 UE does not need to report the BFRO set.

[0212] In some aspects, in the frequency domain, a frequency domain resource allocation unit for an uplink transmission with a transmission type of "endogenous" may be referred to as a "Type 1B FRU", wherein a Type 1B FRU may correspond to subcarriers, or can correspond to RBs, or it can correspond to a bandwidth of kHz A-IoT channel, or may be defined in other ways, where The number of Type 1B FRUs may correspond to a predefined or configured parameter, or may be determined based on one or more predefined or configured parameters. The size of the frequency resource actually corresponding to the Type 1B FRU may be determined at least in part based on the A-IoT SCS. Specifically, for example, five Type 1B FRUs may be allocated for an uplink transmission with a transmission type of "inherited." In another example, ten Type 1B FRUs may be allocated for an uplink transmission with a transmission type of "inherited."

[0213] In some aspects, the definition of the Type 1A FRU and the definition of the Type 1B FRU can be the same.

[0214] In some aspects, the definition of the Type 1A FRU and the definition of the Type 1B FRU may differ.

[0215] Example 1

[0216] The method performed by the A-IoT UE according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure is described below with reference to FIG1 .

[0217] In some aspects, the first embodiment of the present disclosure may include some or all steps of a "Type 1 radio access process", wherein:

[0218] • In some aspects, the Type 1 radio access procedure may be a random access procedure, or may be another type of procedure.

[0219] • In some aspects, the Type 1 radio access procedure may be used for initial access, or may be used for other purposes.

[0220] ● In some aspects, the Type 1 wireless access procedure may include part or all of a "first wireless access message", a "second wireless access message", a "third wireless access message", and a "fourth wireless access message".

[0221] • In some aspects, the type 1 radio access procedure may include part or all of the second radio access message, the third radio access message, and the fourth radio access message.

[0222] • In some aspects, the type 1 radio access procedure may be triggered by the first radio access message.

[0223] ●In some aspects, the type 1 wireless access procedure can be called the type 1 wireless access procedure corresponding to the first wireless access message (for example, the type 1 wireless access procedure is triggered by the first wireless access message; for example, the first wireless access message is part of the type 1 wireless access procedure).

[0224] ●In some aspects, each message in the type 1 wireless access process may correspond to a physical layer transmission, wherein each of the physical layer transmissions may correspond to the transmission of zero, one or more physical layer channels and zero, one or more physical layer signals multiplexed on a resource (e.g., a time-frequency resource).

[0225] • In some aspects, the first radio access message may correspond to a downlink transmission.

[0226] • In some aspects, the second radio access message may correspond to an uplink transmission.

[0227] • In some aspects, the third radio access message may correspond to a downlink transmission.

[0228] • In some aspects, the fourth radio access message may correspond to an uplink transmission.

[0229] FIG1 shows a flowchart corresponding to a method executed by an A-IoT UE according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0230] As shown in FIG1 , in the first embodiment of the present disclosure, the steps performed by the A-IoT UE include: step S101 and step S103 .

[0231] Specifically, in step S101, a first wireless access message (for example, denoted as Msg0) is received.

[0232] In some aspects, the physical layer transmission corresponding to the Msg0 may occupy one carrier (e.g., cr0) in a working frequency band (e.g., fb0). Type 2 FRUs, where It may correspond to a predefined or configured parameter, or may be determined based on one or more predefined or configured parameters.

[0233] In some respects, a Type 2 FRU may correspond to subcarriers, or can correspond to RBs, or can correspond to kHz bandwidth, or it may be defined in other ways, where It may correspond to a predefined or configured parameter, or may be determined based on one or more predefined or configured parameters; the size of the frequency resource actually corresponding to the type 2 FRU may be determined at least in part based on the A-IoT SCS.

[0234] In some aspects, the physical layer transmission corresponding to the Msg0 can be located in a bandwidth segment (e.g., denoted as bwp0) in the carrier cr0.

[0235] In some aspects, the carrier cr0 can be located on a radio frequency channel (RF channel, for example, denoted as rfc0).

[0236] In some aspects, the Msg0 may be transmitted in a cell (eg, cell0).

[0237] In some aspects, the Msg0 may be used to indicate one or more transmission types for uplink transmission, for example, the corresponding set is in,

[0238] ●In some aspects, the It may correspond to a transmission type (type(s)) supported by the network and applicable to one or more uplink transmissions.

[0239] ●In some aspects, the It may correspond to a transmission type (type(s)) that the UE is allowed to use and is applicable to one or more uplink transmissions.

[0240] ●In some aspects, the It can be applied to the fb0 (or the cr0; or the bwp0; or the rfc0; or the cell0).

[0241] ●In some aspects, the This can be some or all of the following:

[0242] ■{Backscatter}.

[0243] ■{endogenous}.

[0244] ■{Backscatter, endogenous}.

[0245] ●In some aspects, the It may correspond to a "first uplink transmission type indicator" in the Msg0. For example, if the first uplink transmission type indicator indicates "backscatter", then the Equal to {backscatter}; For example, if the first uplink transmission type indicator indicates "endogenous", then the Equal to {endogenous}; For example, if the first uplink transmission type indicator indicates "backscatter and endogenous", then the ={backscatter, endogenous}. In some aspects, the first uplink transmission type indicator may occupy two bits (e.g., when the first uplink transmission type indicator indicates one of "backscatter," "endogenous," and "backscatter and endogenous"). In some aspects, the first uplink transmission type indicator may occupy one bit (e.g., when the first uplink transmission type indicator indicates one of "backscatter" and "endogenous").

[0246] ●In some aspects, the The indicated uplink transmission type (type(s)) may apply, at least in part, to one or more of the following:

[0247] ■All uplink transmissions.

[0248] ■All uplink transmissions in the Type 1 radio access process.

[0249] ■ Uplink transmission corresponding to the second radio access message in the type 1 radio access procedure.

[0250] ■ All uplink transmissions except the uplink transmission corresponding to the second radio access message in the type 1 radio access procedure.

[0251] ■ All uplink transmissions except the uplink transmission corresponding to the second radio access message in the type 1 radio access procedure.

[0252] ■ Uplink transmission corresponding to the fourth radio access message in the type 1 radio access procedure.

[0253] ■ All uplink transmissions except the uplink transmission corresponding to the fourth radio access message in the type 1 radio access procedure.

[0254] ■ All uplink transmissions except the uplink transmission corresponding to the fourth radio access message in the type 1 radio access procedure.

[0255] ■ Uplink transmission corresponding to the second radio access message and uplink transmission corresponding to the fourth radio access message in the type 1 radio access procedure.

[0256] ■ All uplink transmissions in the type 1 radio access procedure except the uplink transmission corresponding to the second radio access message and the uplink transmission corresponding to the fourth radio access message.

[0257] ■ All uplink transmissions except the uplink transmission corresponding to the second radio access message and the uplink transmission corresponding to the fourth radio access message in the type 1 radio access procedure.

[0258] ■All uplink transmissions in the type 1 wireless access process corresponding to the Msg0.

[0259] ■ Uplink transmission corresponding to the second radio access message in the type 1 radio access procedure corresponding to the Msg0.

[0260] ■ All uplink transmissions in the type 1 wireless access process corresponding to the Msg0 except the uplink transmission corresponding to the second wireless access message.

[0261] ■ Uplink transmission corresponding to the fourth radio access message in the type 1 radio access procedure corresponding to Msg0.

[0262] ■ All uplink transmissions in the type 1 wireless access process corresponding to the Msg0 except the uplink transmission corresponding to the fourth wireless access message.

[0263] ■ The uplink transmission corresponding to the second radio access message and the uplink transmission corresponding to the fourth radio access message in the type 1 radio access procedure corresponding to Msg0.

[0264] ■ All uplink transmissions in the type 1 radio access procedure corresponding to the Msg0 except the uplink transmission corresponding to the second radio access message and the uplink transmission corresponding to the fourth radio access message.

[0265] In some aspects, if the = {backscatter}, then the transmission type of the applicable transmission (transmission(s)) is "backscatter"; for example, if the ={endogenous}, then the transmission type of the applicable transmission(s) is "endogenous"; for example, if the is equal to {backscatter, endogenous}, then the transmission type of the applicable transmission(s) is "backscatter" or "endogenous" (for example, the transmission type of some or all of the applicable transmissions is "backscatter"; for example, the transmission type of some or all of the applicable transmissions is "endogenous"), in which case, for example, for each applicable transmission, it can be determined according to one or more other steps whether the corresponding transmission type is "backscatter" or "endogenous".

[0266] In some aspects, the Msg0 may be used to indicate a first uplink resource set. In some aspects, the first uplink resource set may be an empty set or a non-empty set. In some aspects, each resource in the first uplink resource set may be a CW resource. In some aspects, the first uplink resource set may be applicable to uplink transmissions of transmission type "backscatter". In some aspects, the first uplink resource set may be applicable to category A1 UEs.

[0267] In some aspects, the Msg0 may be used to indicate a second uplink resource set. In some aspects, the second uplink resource set may be an empty set or a non-empty set. In some aspects, the first uplink resource set may be applicable to uplink transmissions of transmission type "endogenous". In some aspects, the first uplink resource set may be applicable to category A2 UEs.

[0268] In some aspects, the Msg0 may be used to indicate part or all of the SI.

[0269] In addition, in step S103, a second wireless access message (for example, denoted as Msg1) is transmitted.

[0270] In some aspects, the Msg1 may be triggered by the Msg0.

[0271] In some aspects, the Msg1 may be autonomously triggered by the UE.

[0272] In some aspects, the Msg1 may be the first message of a random access procedure.

[0273] In some aspects, the Msg1 may be the second message of a random access procedure.

[0274] In some aspects, the transmission type of the Msg1 may be determined at least in part based on one or more of the following:

[0275] ●Indication in the Msg0 (for example, the indication of the first uplink transmission type indicator in the Msg0; for example, whether the first uplink resource set in the Msg0 is an empty set; for example, whether the second uplink resource set in the Msg0 is an empty set).

[0276] ● The category of the UE (eg, category A1 UE or category A2 UE).

[0277] ●A “first network function downlink indication message” received by the UE.

[0278] ●A “second network function downlink indication message” received by the UE.

[0279] The type of the corresponding Type 1 radio access procedure (eg, a contention-based random access procedure, a contention-free random access procedure, or another procedure).

[0280] ●The frequency band in which the physical layer transmission corresponding to the Msg1 is located.

[0281] ●The fb0.

[0282] For example, if the UE is a category A1 UE, the transmission type of the Msg1 is always “backscatter.” In this case, for example, if the first uplink resource set is an empty set, the UE may discard the transmission of the Msg1.

[0283] For another example, if the UE is a category A2 UE and the Msg0 does not indicate the transmission type of the Msg1, then the transmission type of the Msg1 is "backscatter".

[0284] For another example, if the UE is a category A2 UE and the second uplink resource set is an empty set, the transmission type of the Msg1 is "backscatter".

[0285] For another example, if the UE is a category A2 UE, and if the second uplink resource set is a non-empty set, the transmission type of the Msg1 is "endogenous".

[0286] For another example, if the corresponding type 1 wireless access procedure is a contention-based random access procedure, the transmission type of the Msg1 is "backscatter".

[0287] For another example, if the UE is a category A1 UE and the corresponding type 1 radio access procedure is a contention-free random access procedure, the transmission type of the Msg1 is "backscatter".

[0288] For another example, if the UE is a category A2 UE and the type 1 wireless access process is a contention-free random access process, the transmission type of the Msg1 can be determined based on the Msg0 (for example, based on the first uplink transmission type indicator in the Msg0; for another example, based on whether the second uplink resource set is an empty set, for example, the empty set corresponds to a transmission type of "backscatter", and the non-empty set corresponds to a transmission type of "endogenous").

[0289] In some aspects, the Msg1 may be used to report the category of the UE (eg, whether it is a category A1 UE or a category A2 UE).

[0290] In some aspects, the Msg1 may be used to report the BFRO capability of the UE.

[0291] In some aspects, the Msg1 may be used to indicate information related to the SI, such as whether valid (eg, non-expired) SI is stored in the UE.

[0292] In some aspects, in the first embodiment of the present disclosure, the "transmission type" of a message may refer to the "transmission type" of the corresponding physical layer transmission.

[0293] In some aspects, in the first embodiment of the present disclosure, “transmission type” may be replaced with “transmission scheme”.

[0294] In some aspects, in the first embodiment of the present disclosure, "transmission type" may be replaced with "transmission mode".

[0295] In some aspects, in the first embodiment of the present disclosure, "uplink transmission" may refer to uplink transmission in the cell0 (or the fb0; or the cr0; or the bwp0; or the rfc0).

[0296] In some aspects, in the first embodiment of the present disclosure, "downlink transmission" may refer to downlink transmission in the cell0 (or the fb0; or the cr0; or the bwp0; or the rfc0).

[0297] In some aspects, the first embodiment of the present disclosure may be applicable to operations without shared spectrum channel access.

[0298] In some aspects, the first embodiment of the present disclosure may be applicable to licensed spectrum.

[0299] In some aspects, the first embodiment of the present disclosure may be applicable to operations with shared spectrum channel access.

[0300] In some aspects, the first embodiment of the present disclosure may be applicable to unlicensed spectrum.

[0301] In some aspects, embodiment 1 of the present disclosure may be performed by the physical layer of the UE.

[0302] In some aspects, embodiment 1 of the present disclosure may be performed by a higher layer of the UE.

[0303] Thus, according to the first embodiment, the present disclosure provides a method in which the transmission type of an uplink transmission triggered by a downlink transmission of an A-IoT UE can be determined at least in part based on the category of the UE, the transmission type supported by the network, the type of the corresponding radio access procedure, and part or all of the indication in the downlink transmission. In this way, while taking into account the capabilities of the UE, the resource utilization of the A-IoT uplink transmission is improved and the transmission of unnecessary external carriers used for backscatter is reduced.

[0304] Modifications

[0305] 2 is used to illustrate a user equipment as a modified example that can execute the method executed by the user equipment described in detail above in the present disclosure.

[0306] FIG2 is a block diagram showing a user equipment involved in the present disclosure.

[0307] As shown in Figure 2, the user equipment UE20 includes a processor 201 and a memory 202. The processor 201 may include, for example, a microprocessor, a microcontroller, an embedded processor, etc. The memory 202 may include, for example, a volatile memory (such as a random access memory (RAM), a hard disk drive (HDD), a non-volatile memory (such as a flash memory), or other memory. The memory 202 stores program instructions. When executed by the processor 201, the instructions may execute the above-mentioned method performed by the user equipment as described in detail in this disclosure.

[0308] The methods and devices involved in the present disclosure have been described above in conjunction with preferred embodiments. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the methods shown above are merely exemplary and that the various embodiments described above can be combined with one another without conflict. The methods of the present disclosure are not limited to the steps and sequence shown above. The network nodes and user equipment shown above may include more modules, such as modules that can be developed or developed in the future and can be used for base stations, AMFs (Access and Mobility Management Functions), UPFs (User Plane Functions), MMEs (Mobility Management Entities), S-GWs (Serving Gateways), or UEs. The various identifiers shown above are merely exemplary and not restrictive, and the present disclosure is not limited to the specific information elements used as examples of these identifiers. Based on the teachings of the illustrated embodiments, those skilled in the art may make many changes and modifications.

[0309] Those skilled in the art should understand that any set is a subset of itself; the empty set is a subset of any set; part or all of a mathematical expression, mathematical equation, or mathematical inequality can be simplified, transformed, or rewritten to a certain extent, such as merging constant terms, exchanging two additive terms, exchanging two multiplication terms, changing the sign of a term and moving it from the left side of the equation or inequality to the right side, changing the sign of a term and moving it from the right side of the equation or inequality to the left side, etc.; the mathematical expressions, mathematical equations, or mathematical inequalities before and after simplification, transformation, or rewriting can be considered equivalent.

[0310] It should be understood that the above embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented through software, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware. For example, the various components within the base station and user equipment in the above embodiments can be implemented through a variety of devices, including but not limited to: analog circuit devices, digital circuit devices, digital signal processing (DSP) circuits, programmable processors, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (CPLDs), and the like.

[0311] In this disclosure, "base station" may refer to a mobile communication data and / or control switching center with a certain transmission power and coverage area, and may include functions such as resource allocation and scheduling, data reception and transmission, etc. "User equipment" may refer to a user's mobile terminal, such as a mobile phone or laptop, that can wirelessly communicate with a base station or micro base station.

[0312] In addition, the embodiments of the present disclosure disclosed herein can be implemented on a computer program product. More specifically, the computer program product is a product as follows: having a computer-readable medium, on which computer program logic is encoded, and when executed on a computing device, the computer program logic provides relevant operations to implement the above-mentioned technical solutions of the present disclosure. When executed on at least one processor of a computing system, the computer program logic causes the processor to perform the operations (methods) described in the embodiments of the present disclosure. This arrangement of the present disclosure is typically provided as software, code and / or other data structures arranged or encoded on a computer-readable medium such as an optical medium (e.g., CD-ROM), a floppy disk or a hard disk, or other media such as firmware or microcode on one or more ROM or RAM or PROM chips, or downloadable software images, shared databases, etc. in one or more modules. Software or firmware or this configuration can be installed on a computing device so that one or more processors in the computing device execute the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0313] In addition, each functional module or each feature of the base station equipment and terminal equipment used in each of the above embodiments can be implemented or executed by a circuit, and the circuit is generally one or more integrated circuits. The circuit designed to perform the various functions described in this specification may include a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or a general-purpose integrated circuit, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, or a discrete hardware component, or any combination of the above devices. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or the processor may be an existing processor, a controller, a microcontroller or a state machine. The general-purpose processor or each circuit may be configured by a digital circuit, or may be configured by a logic circuit. In addition, when, due to advances in semiconductor technology, an advanced technology that can replace current integrated circuits emerges, the present disclosure may also use the integrated circuit obtained using the advanced technology.

[0314] Although the present disclosure has been described above with reference to the preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, substitutions, and changes may be made to the present disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure should not be limited by the above-described embodiments, but by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method performed by a user equipment UE, characterized in that include: determining a transmission type of a physical layer transmission corresponding to a second radio access message, wherein the transmission type is determined at least in part based on a category of the UE and a first radio access message received by the UE that triggers the second radio access message, wherein the first radio access message indicates that a network supports only backscatter transmission for uplink transmission, or indicates that the network supports only endogenous transmission for uplink transmission, or indicates that the network supports both backscatter transmission and endogenous transmission for uplink transmission; and The second radio access message is transmitted.

2. A user equipment, comprising: processor; as well as Memory, which stores instructions, Wherein, the instructions, when executed by the processor, perform the method according to claim 1.

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