PBCH and SSB design pattern for ambient IoT
Optimized SSB designs for ambient IoT devices enhance coverage by allowing energy harvesting during synchronization signal gaps, addressing the limitations of existing systems and improving transmission range and efficiency.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/077234
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-15
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-21
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in achieving adequate coverage for ambient IoT devices due to their low power consumption and complexity, which affects the range of signal transmission and reception, particularly for devices relying on RF energy harvesting.
The development of new synchronization signal block (SSB) designs, including Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), and Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) mapping patterns, optimized for ambient IoT devices to enhance coverage and coexist with New Radio (NR) systems without impacting existing signals.
The new SSB designs improve coverage for ambient IoT devices by allowing them to harvest energy during gaps between synchronization signals, enabling extended range and efficient data transmission, particularly for low and high-category devices.
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Figure CN2024077234_21082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
PBCH AND SSB DESIGN PATTERN FOR AMBIENT IOTTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] This application relates generally to wireless communication systems, including designs of synchronization signal block for ambient IoT devices considering all the three categories including PSS, SSS and PBCH mapping patternBACKGROUND
[0002] Wireless mobile communication technology uses various standards and protocols to transmit data between a base station and a wireless communication device. Wireless communication system standards and protocols can include, for example, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) (e.g., 4G) , 3GPP New Radio (NR) (e.g., 5G) , and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard for Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) (commonly known to industry groups as ) .
[0003] As contemplated by the 3GPP, different wireless communication systems's tandards and protocols can use various radio access networks (RANs) for communicating between a base station of the RAN (which may also sometimes be referred to generally as a RAN node, a network node, or simply a node) and a wireless communication device known as a user equipment (UE) . 3GPP RANs can include, for example, Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) , Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) RAN (GERAN) , Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) , Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) , and / or Next-Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) .
[0004] Each RAN may use one or more radio access technologies (RATs) to perform communication between the base station and the UE. For example, the GERAN implements GSM and / or EDGE RAT, the UTRAN implements Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) RAT or other 3GPP RAT, the E-UTRAN implements LTE RAT (sometimes simply referred to as LTE) , and NG-RAN implements NR RAT (sometimes referred to herein as 5G RAT, 5G NR RAT, or simply NR) . In certain deployments, the E-UTRAN may also implement NR RAT. In certain deployments, NG-RAN may also implement LTE RAT.
[0005] A base station used by a RAN may correspond to that RAN. One example of an E-UTRAN base station is an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) Node B (also commonly denoted as evolved Node B, enhanced Node B, eNodeB, or eNB) . One example of an NG-RAN base station is a next generation Node B (also sometimes referred to as a g Node B or gNB) .
[0006] A RAN provides its communication services with external entities through its connection to a core network (CN) . For example, E-UTRAN may utilize an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) while NG-RAN may utilize a 5G Core Network (5GC) .
[0007] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
[0008] To easily identify the discussion of any particular element or act, the most significant digit or digits in a reference number refer to the figure number in which that element is first introduced.
[0009] FIG. 1 illustrates different categories and specifications of ambient IoT devices in accordance with some embodiments.
[0010] FIG. 2A illustrates an example of PSS and SSS patterns in the time domain in accordance with some embodiments.
[0011] FIG. 2B illustrates another example of PSS and SSS patterns in the time domain in accordance with some embodiments.
[0012] FIG. 2C illustrates another example of PSS and SSS patterns in the time domain in accordance with some embodiments.
[0013] FIG. 3A illustrates an example of the PSS, SSS, and PBCH patterns in the time domain in accordance with some embodiments.
[0014] FIG. 3B illustrates another example of the PSS, SSS, and PBCH patterns in the time domain in accordance with some embodiments.
[0015] FIG. 3C illustrates another example of the PSS, SSS, and PBCH patterns in the time domain in accordance with some embodiments.
[0016] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of the PSS, SSS, and PBCH patterns across two time slots in the time domain in accordance with some embodiments.
[0017] FIG. 5 illustrates another example of the PSS, SSS, and PBCH patterns across two time slots in the time domain in accordance with some embodiments.
[0018] FIG. 6 illustrates an example method performed by a network node in accordance with some embodiments.
[0019] FIG. 7 illustrates an example method performed by an ambient IoT device in accordance with some embodiments.
[0020] FIG. 8 illustrates an example architecture of a wireless communication system, according to embodiments disclosed herein.
[0021] FIG. 9 illustrates a system for performing signaling between a wireless device and a network device, according to embodiments disclosed herein.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0022] Various embodiments are described with regard to a UE. However, reference to a UE is merely provided for illustrative purposes. The example embodiments may be utilized with any electronic component that may establish a connection to a network and is configured with the hardware, software, and / or firmware to exchange information and data with the network. Therefore, the UE as described herein is used to represent any appropriate electronic component.
[0023] Additionally, embodiments herein are described with regard to Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Reference to an IoT device is merely provided for illustrative purposes, and the embodiment herein may be utilized with any device that have the capability to collect and exchange data. IoT devices may be embedded with sensors, software, and network connectivity, allowing them to communicate with other devices and systems. IoT devices can vary in size, complexity, and functionality. They can range from small, simple devices such as temperature sensors and smart home appliances to more complex devices like industrial machinery and autonomous vehicles.
[0024] Some IoT devices include ambient IoT devices. An ambient IoT device is a device that is able to harvest energy from ambient sources. For example, some ambient IoT devices may use radio frequency (RF) waves for power. To power such devices using RF, embodiments herein provide enhancements to a wireless communication system framework to introduce a new category of device (s) that is able to harvest energy from ambient sources. An ambient IoT device may be referred to as an RF powered device. An ambient IoT device may also be a UE device.
[0025] There may be multiple types of ambient IoT devices that the wireless communication system may support. For instance, in terms of energy storage, some devices may be battery-less devices with no energy storage capability at all, and completely dependent on the availability of an external source of energy. Some devices may include limited energy storage capability that do not need to be replaced or recharged manually, but can be charged by harvesting energy from ambient sources. In some embodiments, device categorization may be based on characteristics corresponding to a device (e.g. energy source, energy storage capability, passive / active transmission, etc. ) .
[0026] For example, FIG. 1 illustrates a table of design targets 102 for an example set of IoT device types. As shown, some embodiments may include IoT device type A, IoT device type B and IoT device type C. IoT device type A may include no energy storage, harvests energy from ambient sources, and has no independent signal generation, but only backscattering transmission. IoT device type B may have energy storage and may harvest energy from ambient sources, but does not perform independent signal generation, i.e. only backscattering transmission. IoT device type B's use of stored energy can include amplification for backscattered signals. IoT device type C may have energy storage from harvesting ambient sources, and has independent signal generation (e.g., active RF component for transmission) . Common aspects for all these device categories is that they have may have very low complexity and can rely on the harvested energy for transmission and reception. From a wireless communication system perspective, RF energy harvesting may be considered. For example, the devices may utilize the energy of the incoming signals from other nodes in the system.
[0027] Other aspects of the design targets 102 for example IoT devices is shown in FIG. 1. For example, there may be specific targets for power consumption, coverage, message size, device density, device complexity, data-rate, positioning accuracy, and device mobility. These illustrate example design targets 102. Design targets 102 may vary based on actual implantation.
[0028] For example, in some embodiments, ambient IoT devices may be categorized into different groups: lower-category IoT devices, and higher-category IoT devices. The lower-category may include devices between type A and type B from the previously described categorization. For example, the lower-category devices may have about 1 μW peak power consumption, energy storage but neither downlink nor uplink amplification in the device, and initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) can be up to thousands of ppm, e.g. 10^5 ppm. Upon initial synchronization the SFO can possibly be reduced to a lower value, e.g. 10^3 ppm. Further, the device’s uplink transmission may be backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally
[0029] In some embodiments, higher-category devices may include devices between type B and type C from the previously described categorization. For example, the higher-category devices may have less than or equal to a few hundred μW peak power consumption. Further, the higher-category devices may have energy storage and both downlink and / or uplink amplification. The initial SFO may be up to thousands of ppm for the higher-category devices. The higher-category device's uplink transmission may be generated internally by the device, or be backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally.
[0030] Both lower-category IoT device and higher-category IoT device categories may have very low complexity. Further, the IoT devices in both categories can rely on the harvested energy for transmission and reception. These qualities may facilitate mass deployment and increased scalability. However, the lower complexity of the IoT devices and the number of devices may lead to issues with coverage.
[0031] Embodiments herein consider the coverage enhancements for ambient IoT devices. One goal of a wireless communication device is an acceptable coverage range. In some embodiments, ambient IoT devices may have design targets with a coverage range up to 50 meters for indoors and coverage range up to 500 meters for outdoors is expected. The low power consumption of an ambient IoT device may impact the coverage range. For passive devices, as there is no dedicated energy source, it could be quite challenging to achieve the desired coverage range of 50 meters for indoors and 500 meters for outdoors.
[0032] For passive devices, the uplink transmit power is dependent upon the downlink received power. Therefore, if the downlink received power is not enough, then some additional methods to improve the uplink coverage based on the limited uplink transmit power may be introduced. Embodiments herein include systems, methods, and apparatuses for coverage enhancement for the random access of the ambient IoT devices, particularly for device type A, device type B, and other lower-category and higher-category devices. Some embodiments may improve coverage using delayed uplink transmission for Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) and other uplink transmission in RACH procedure. Some embodiments may improve coverage using repetitions of PRACH and other uplink transmissions in RACH procedure. Some embodiments may include a combination of delayed uplink transmissions and repetitions of uplink transmissions.
[0033] Some embodiments herein consider the design of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) for ambient IoT devices such as Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) , Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) , and Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) mapping patterns. In 3GPP NR, SSB is designed to serve different scenarios ranging from Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services to Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency (URLLC) and also for multiple purposes including initial access, Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, beam acquisition, and more. However, in the case of ambient IoT devices, directly applying the current SSB design can be challenging with low device complexity and low power consumption criteria.
[0034] Embodiments disclosed herein therefore consider new developments in aspects such as PBCH design, SSB design patterns, and SSB mapping within time frames. An important criteria for new developments is co-existence with New Radio (NR) systems if in-band deployment of ambient IoT is supported. This criteria should enable new developments to not impact existing signals and channels, such as legacy SSB for NR devices.
[0035] FIGS. 2A-2C show examples of various configurations of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) 204 and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) 206 mapped in the time domain in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the PSS 204 can be a kind of signal utilized in wireless communication that can be used to sync connections between ambient IoT devices and readers and / or base stations. Similarly, the SSS 206 can also be a kind of signal utilized in wireless communication that can be used to complement the PSS 204. In some embodiments, SSS 206 can be used to provide more precise timing information between an ambient IoT device and a base station.
[0036] In FIGS. 2A-2C, a single time slot 202 is shown, where the time slot 202 can include up to 14 symbols. In some embodiments, a single column of the time slot 202 can represent a distinct symbol, and the x-axis numbers the index of respective symbols from 0 -13. Furthermore, each symbol in the time slot 202 can include a combination of Resource Elements (REs) , where REs can be additional subcarriers in the frequency domain that make up symbols. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, each symbol can include up to 12 different REs. As shown in FIGS. 2A-2C, the y-axis of the graph of the time slot 202 shows the REs that make up each symbol, where the y-axis numbers the index of respective REs from 0-11.
[0037] FIG. 2A shows a particular layout of the PSS 204 and SSS 206 in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the PSS 204 position can be fixed on one symbol index within the time slot 202. In this embodiment, the PSS 204 can then be followed by the SSS 206 position spanning the next 9 symbols within the same time slot 202. As shown in FIG. 2A, the PSS 204 can populate symbol index 3 of the time slot 202, and the SSS 206 can populate the symbols indices 4 -13 of the time slot 202. In some embodiments, each symbol of the time slot 202 populated by the PSS 204 and SSS 206 can include at least 7 REs. Within the first three symbols before the PSS is received, the ambient IoT device may be harvesting power from a carrier wave for processing the SSS 206 and the PSS 204.
[0038] FIG. 2B shows another layout of the PSS 210 and SSS 212 in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the PSS 210 position can be fixed on the symbol indices 0, 1, or 2 within the time slot 208. The SSS 212 starting position can be fixed at symbol index 4 of the time slot 208, regardless of the starting symbol index of the PSS 210. In some embodiments, the gap can include a carrier wave that can be used to harvest energy for processing the SSS 212. Additionally or alternatively, the gap can be configured to include legacy transmissions. This can enable legacy transmissions to coincide with various configurations of the PSS 210 and SSS 212 while avoiding overlap between different signals.
[0039] FIG. 2C shows yet another configuration of the PSS 216 and SSS 218 in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Similar to as shown in FIG. 2B, the PSS 216 position can be fixed on the symbol indices 0, 1, or 2 within the time slot 214. In some embodiments, the SSS 218 starting position can change in relation to the starting position of the PSS 216. In some embodiments, the SSS 218 can start from a symbol index such that there is a gap of one symbol between the PSS 216 symbol and the starting point for the SSS 218. For example, and as shown in FIG. 2C, the PSS 216 can start at symbol index 0 and the SSS 218 can start at symbol index 2, thus leaving a gap of one symbol at index 1. In some embodiments, the gap between the PSS 216 and the SSS 218 can be used for harvesting energy for processing one or both of the PSS 216 and SSS 218. In some embodiments, the gap can include a carrier wave that can be used to harvest energy. Additionally or alternatively, the gap can be configured to include legacy transmissions. This can enable legacy transmissions to coincide with various configurations of the PSS 216 and SSS 218 while avoiding overlap between different signals.
[0040] FIGS. 3A-3C show additional graphs of different layouts of the PSS, SSS, and Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) within a time slot in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, a PBCH 308 can be included within the time slot 302. In some embodiments, the PBCH 308 can be a kind of signal utilized in wireless communications that can broadcast to devices within a certain range. Using PBCH, a base station can broadcast to multiple ambient IoT devices within a given range. In some embodiments, for ambient IoT, PBCH may be mapped to remaining time domain symbols (e.g. 4) in the same slot as PSS and SSS across one or more Resource Blocks (RBs) .
[0041] FIG. 3A shows a graph of a configuration of the PSS 304, the SSS 306, and the PBCH 308 within the time slot 302 in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the PBCH 308 can be mapped to the remaining symbols within the time domain of the time slot 302 not already occupied by the PSS 304 and the SSS 306. In some embodiments, the PBCH 308 can fill up REs of remaining symbols in the time slot 302.
[0042] For example, as shown in FIG. 3A, the time slot 302 can be configured such that the PSS 304 is be positioned at symbol index 0 and include 7 REs. The SSS 306 can be positioned at symbol indices 1 through 9 and also include 7 REs per symbol. The PBCH 308 can then be configured to occupy the remaining symbol indices 10 through 13. In this embodiment, symbol indices 10 through 13 can include a full RB, or at least 12 REs, such that the PBCH 308 can include a total of at least 48 REs over the remaining four symbols.
[0043] FIG. 3B shows another configuration of the PSS 312, SSS 314, and the PBCH 316 within the time slot 310. In this embodiment, the PSS 312, SSS 314, and the PBCH 316 can occupy REs in up to two RBs in the time slot 310. This can increase the amount of data contained within the PSS 312, SSS 314, and the PBCH 316, thus increasing the overall volume of data transmitted to the ambient IoT devices. In the illustrated embodiment, PBCH 316 may be mapped to remaining time domain symbols in the same slot as PSS 312 and SSS 314 across 2RBs and PBCH 316 may include a total of 96 REs (for 4 symbols) .
[0044] In some embodiments, the PSS 312, SSS 314, and the PBCH 316 can occupy more than 1 RB, or more than 12 REs. As shown, the PBCH 316 may be mapped to the remaining time domain symbols in the same slot as PSS 312 and SSS 314 across two RBs that are the same RBs as PSS 312 and SSS 314 occupy in a case when PSS 312 and SSS 314 also occupy two RBs.
[0045] For instance, as shown in FIG. 3B, the PSS 312 can occupy symbol index 0 and include at least 14 REs extending across two RBs. The SSS 314 can then be positioned at symbol indices 1 through 9 and also include at least 14 REs extending across the two RBs. The PBCH 316can then be configured to occupy the remaining symbol indices 10 through 13 extending across the two RBs. In this embodiment, the symbols occupied by the PBCH 316 can include REs across two full RBs, or up to 24 REs for a total of 96 REs across the remaining four symbols.
[0046] FIG. 3C shows another configuration of the PSS 320, SSS 322, and the PBCH 324 within the time slot 318. In this embodiment, the PSS 320 and the SSS 322 can be configured to occupy a single RB, whereas the PBCH 324 can be configured to occupy at least a first and a second RB.
[0047] In some embodiments, the PSS 320 and the SSS 322 can occupy a single RB. For example, in FIG. 3C, the PSS 320 can be configured to be fixed at the symbol index 0 and the SSS 322 can span across symbol indices 1 through 9. In this embodiment, the PSS 320 and the SSS 322 can include 7 REs per symbol.
[0048] The PBCH 324 can span across the remaining symbols within the time slot 318 across the RB containing the 320 and the SSS 322 and a second resource block resulting in the PBCH 324 comprising 96 REs for 4 symbols. In at least some embodiments where the PSS 320 and the SSS 322 only occupy a single RB and the PBCH 324 occupies 2 or more RBs. The first RB for the PBCH 324 can be the same as the PSS 320 and the SSS 322, while the second RB can be a next RB. For example, the second RB occupied by the PBCH 324 can be the next contiguous index in increasing order.
[0049] FIG. 4 shows another configuration of the PSS, SSS, and the PBCH in the time domain in accordance with one or more embodiments of the current disclosure. In at least some embodiments, regarding ambient IoT devices, the PBCH 408 can be mapped to more than four symbols in the time domain. In some embodiments, a second time slot 410 can be positioned after the initial time slot 402, where the second time slot 410 can be used for allocating symbols for the PSS 404, SSS 406, and the PBCH 408. This can enable the PBCH 408 to span across more than four symbols at a time. Additionally, during the gap between the SSS 406 and the PBCH 408, the ambient IoT device may harvest energy from a carrier wave for processing the PBCH 408. For instance, a lower category device may have insufficient energy to process the PSS 404, SSS 406, and the PBCH 408 back to back. The gap may provide time to store additional energy for processing the PBCH 408
[0050] In some embodiments, the PSS 404 and the SSS 406 can be positioned in a different time slot than the PBCH 408. For example, the PSS 404 and the SSS 406 can be positioned in the initial time slot 402 while the PBCH 408 can be positioned in the second time slot 410. This can further separate the PBCH 408 from the other signals transmitted to an ambient IoT device.
[0051] As shown in FIG. 4, the PBCH 408 can be configured to occupy all of the symbols in the second time slot 410. This can enable the PBCH 408 to transmit greater data volume than it could with various signals shared across the time domain of a single time slot. In this embodiment, the PBCH 408 can include up to a total of 168 REs across all 14 symbols of the second time slot 410.
[0052] In some embodiments, the PSS 404, SSS 406, and the PBCH 408 can be configured to occupy at least 2 RBs. For example, each symbol occupied by the PSS 404 or the SSS 406 can include over 12 REs across the 2RBs. Additionally, symbols of the second time slot 410 can be occupied by the PBCH 408, where each of these symbols can include up to 24 REs. In this embodiment, the PBCH 408 can include up to a total of 336 REs across all 14 symbols of the second time slot 410.
[0053] In some embodiments, the PSS 404 and the SSS 406 can occupy a single RB, and the PBCH 408 can span across two RBs in the second time slot 410. In cases when PSS 404 and SSS 406 occupy one RB and the PBCH spans across two RBs, the first RB for PBCH 408 may be the same as PSS 404 and SSS 406 and second RB may be the next RB. For example, the second RB occupied by the PBCH 408 can be the next contiguous index in increasing order.
[0054] FIG. 5 shows an another example of the layout of the PSS 504, SSS 506, and PBCH 508 in accordance with one or more examples of the present disclosure. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the PBCH 508 can be mapped to more than 14 symbols in the time domain. In the illustrated embodiment, the PBCH 508 can be configured to occupy more than one time slot. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the PBCH 508 occupies 18 symbols across two time slots. This can enable the PBCH 508 to broadcast additional data.
[0055] In some embodiments, the first time slot 502 can be configured to host the PSS 504, the SSS 506, and parts of the PBCH 508. As seen in FIG. 5, the PSS 504 can by mapped to the symbol index 0, the SSS 506 can be mapped to the symbol indices 1 through 9, and the PBCH 508 can occupy the remaining symbols within the first time slot 502. Furthermore, the PBCH 508 can also be configured to occupy all of the symbols within the second time slot 510.
[0056] In some embodiments, the PSS 504, SSS 506, and the PBCH 508 can all be configured to occupy a single RB, or 12 or less REs per symbol. In this embodiment, the PBCH 508 can be configured to include up to a total of 168 REs across a span of 18 symbols in both the first time slot 502 and the second time slot 510.
[0057] In some embodiments, the PSS 504, SSS 506, and the PBCH 508 can be configured to occupy at least 2 RBs. For example, each symbol occupied by the PSS 504 or the SSS 506 can include over 12 REs across the 2RBs. Additionally, symbols of the second time slot 510 can be occupied by the PBCH 508, where each of these symbols can include up to 24 REs
[0058] In some embodiments, the PSS 504 and the SSS 506 can occupy a single RB, and the PBCH 508 can span across the symbols in the second time slot 510 and two RBs. In at least some embodiments where the PSS 504 and the SSS 506 occupy a single RB and the PBCH 508 occupies 2 or more RBs, the first RB for the PBCH 508 can be the same as the PSS 504 and the SSS 506, while the second RB can be the next RB. For example, the second RB occupied by the PBCH 508 can be the next contiguous index in increasing order.
[0059] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the PBCH payload and corresponding number of required REs can depend on the type or category of ambient IoT device. In some embodiments, the lowest PBCH payload can be associated with a type 1 ambient IoT device. Furthermore, a higher PBCH payload can be associated with a type 2 ambient IoT device, and the highest PBCH payload can be associated with a type 3 ambient IoT device. In some embodiments, the lowest payload may be associated with low category devices, and a higher payload may be associated with high category devices.
[0060] In one embodiment, a PBCH payload occupying four symbols and one RB can be associated with a type 1 ambient IoT device. In another embodiment, a PBCH payload occupying four symbols and two RBs can be associated with a type 2 ambient IoT device, and a PBCH payload occupying more than 4 symbols can be associated with a type 3 ambient IoT device. In some embodiments, PBCH with four symbols and one RB may be used for low category devices, and PBSCH with four or more symbols may be used for high category devices.
[0061] In some embodiments, the configuration of the PSS and the SSS may be dependent on the device type. For example, low category devices may use a pattern where there is a gap between the PSS and the SSS. In some embodiments, high category devices may use a pattern with no gap between the PSS and the SSS.
[0062] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the time slots containing the PSS, SSS, and / or the PBCH for ambient IoT devices may not be in the same time slot where SSB legacy UEs are transmitted by the network. In some embodiments, the wireless communication system can use 15kHz subcarrier spacing. With 15kHz subcarrier spacing, the PSS / SSS and PBCH time slot can be mapped to the last slot within a half-frame. In some embodiments, a single time slot based pattern can be used with 15kHz subcarrier spacing, such that the PSS, SSS, and PBCH are all contained within one time slot. In such embodiments, the last slot of the first half-frame within a frame may be used for the PSS, SSS, and PBCH.
[0063] In some embodiments, a two time slot based pattern can be used with 15kHz subcarrier spacing. In such embodiments, the PSS and the SSS may be contained within one time slot in the time domain and the PBCH can either be contained on a separate time slot or on both a first time slot (with the PSS and SSS) and a second time slot. In such embodiments, the last slot of the first half-frame and the last slot of the second half-frame within a frame are utilized.
[0064] In some embodiments, in the case of two time slots used to contain the PSS, SSS, and PBCH, the last two slots of the first half-frame within a frame may be used. In some examples of such embodiments, this can be applied when L=4 (i.e., for 4 SSB for legacy UEs (for 15kHz subcarrier spacing) ) . In some embodiments, the slot (s) containing PSS, SSS and / or PBCH for ambient IoT devices may not be in the same slot where SSB for legacy UEs is transmitted by the network
[0065] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the wireless communication system can use 30kHz subcarrier spacing. With 30kHz subcarrier spacing, any two contiguous slots (if needed) from indices 4 through 9 within a half-frame can be used, where the indices can be fixed in specification. In some embodiments where 30kHz subcarrier spacing is used, one time slot is used. For example, in some embodiments any one slot from index 4 in the time slot within a half-frame can be used, where the index can be fixed in specification.
[0066] FIG. 6 illustrates an example method 600 performed by a network node in accordance with some embodiments. The method 600 includes generating 602 a SSB comprising a PSS and SSS. The method 600 further includes transmitting 604, to an ambient IoT device, the PSS during a first symbol of a time slot. The method 600 further includes transmitting 606, to the ambient IoT device, a carrier wave during a gap after the first symbol on which the PSS was transmitted, and before the SSS is transmitted. The method 600 further includes transmitting 608, to the ambient IoT device, the SSS during a second symbol of the time slot after the gap where the carrier wave was transmitted.
[0067] In some embodiments of the method 600, the first symbol on which the PSS is transmitted corresponds to symbol index 0, 1, or 2, and wherein the second symbol on which the SSS is transmitted corresponds to symbol index 4.
[0068] In some embodiments of the method 600, the first symbol on which the PSS is transmitted corresponds to symbol index 0, 1, or 2, and wherein the second symbol on which the SSS is flexible and is positioned within the time slot such that there is one symbol between the PSS and the SSS.
[0069] In some embodiments, the method 600 further comprises transmitting a PBCH on remaining symbols of the time slot where the PSS and SSS are transmitted, wherein the PSS and the SSS are mapped to a first RB, and the PBCH is mapped to resource elements in both the first RB and a second RB.
[0070] In some embodiments, the method 600 further comprises transmitting the carrier wave again during remaining symbols of the time slot where the PSS and SSS are transmitted, and transmitting a PBCH on symbols on a second time slot.
[0071] In some embodiments of the method 600, a payload size of the PBCH and mapping of the PBCH to resource elements depends on a device type of the ambient IoT device.
[0072] In some embodiments of the method 600, the PBCH is only transmitted for a high category device type.
[0073] In some embodiments of the method 600, the PBCH includes a smaller payload for a low category device type and a larger payload for a high category device type.
[0074] In some embodiments of the method 600, a size of the gap is based on a device type of the ambient IoT device.
[0075] In some embodiments, the method 600 further comprises transmitting a Primary Broadcast Channel (PBCH) , wherein the PSS and the SSS are mapped to a first resource block (RB) , and the PBCH is mapped to resource elements in a second RB.
[0076] In some embodiments, the method 600 further comprises transmitting a Primary Broadcast Channel (PBCH) , wherein the PSS, SSS, and PBCH are transmitted in one resource block (RB) for low category device types, and wherein the PSS, SSS, and PBCH are transmitted in two RBs for high-category device types.
[0077] In some embodiments, the method 600 further comprises determining if the ambient IoT device is a low category device type, and when the ambient IoT device is the low category device type only transmitting the PSS and preventing transmitting the SSS.
[0078] Embodiments contemplated herein include an apparatus comprising means to perform one or more elements of the method 600. This apparatus may be, for example, an apparatus of a base station (such as a network device 918 that is a base station, as described herein) .
[0079] Embodiments contemplated herein include one or more non-transitory computer-readable media comprising instructions to cause an electronic device, upon execution of the instructions by one or more processors of the electronic device, to perform one or more elements of the method 600. This non-transitory computer-readable media may be, for example, a memory of a base station (such as a memory 922 of a network device 918 that is a base station, as described herein) .
[0080] Embodiments contemplated herein include an apparatus comprising logic, modules, or circuitry to perform one or more elements of the method 600. This apparatus may be, for example, an apparatus of a base station (such as a network device 918 that is a base station, as described herein) .
[0081] Embodiments contemplated herein include an apparatus comprising: one or more processors and one or more computer-readable media comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform one or more elements of the method 600. This apparatus may be, for example, an apparatus of a base station (such as a network device 918 that is a base station, as described herein) .
[0082] Embodiments contemplated herein include a signal as described in or related to one or more elements of the method 600.
[0083] Embodiments contemplated herein include a computer program or computer program product comprising instructions, wherein execution of the program by a processing element is to cause the processing element to carry out one or more elements of the method 600. The processor may be a processor of a base station (such as a processor (s) 920 of a network device 918 that is a base station, as described herein) . These instructions may be, for example, located in the processor and / or on a memory of the base station (such as a memory 922 of a network device 918 that is a base station, as described herein) .
[0084] FIG. 7 illustrates an example method 700 performed by an ambient IoT device in accordance with some embodiments. The method 700 comprises receiving 702 and processing a PSS from a network node during a first symbol of a time slot. The method 700 further comprises harvesting 704 energy from a carrier wave during a gap after the first symbol on which the PSS was received, and before a SSS is received. The method 700 further comprises receiving 706, from the network node, the SSS during a second symbol of the time slot after the gap with the carrier wave. The method 700 further comprises processing 708 the SSS, wherein power for processing the SSS is at least partially obtained from the energy harvested from the carrier wave during the gap.
[0085] In some embodiments of the method 700, the first symbol on which the PSS is received corresponds to symbol index 0, 1, or 2, and wherein the second symbol on which the SSS is received corresponds to symbol index 4.
[0086] In some embodiments of the method 700, the first symbol on which the PSS is received corresponds to symbol index 0, 1, or 2, and wherein the second symbol on which the SSS is flexible and is positioned within the time slot such that there is one symbol between the PSS and the SSS.
[0087] In some embodiments, the method 700 further comprises receiving a Primary Broadcast Channel (PBCH) on remaining symbols of the time slot where the PSS and SSS are received, wherein the PSS and the SSS are mapped to a first RB, and the PBCH is mapped to resource elements in both the first RB and a second RB.
[0088] In some embodiments, the method 700 further comprises g receiving the carrier wave again during remaining symbols of the time slot where the PSS and SSS are received, and receiving a PBCH on symbols on a second time slot.
[0089] In some embodiments of the method 700, a payload size of a PBCH and mapping of the PBCH to resource elements depends on a device type of the ambient IoT device.
[0090] In some embodiments of the method 700, the PBCH is only transmitted for a high category device type.
[0091] In some embodiments of the method 700, the PBCH includes a smaller payload for a low category device type and a larger payload for a high category device type.
[0092] In some embodiments of the method 700, a size of the gap is based on a device type of the ambient IoT device.
[0093] In some embodiments, the method 700 further comprises receiving a Primary Broadcast Channel (PBCH) , wherein the PSS and the SSS are mapped to a first resource block (RB) , and the PBCH is mapped to resource elements in a second RB.
[0094] In some embodiments, the method 700 further comprises receiving a Primary Broadcast Channel (PBCH) , wherein the PSS, SSS, and PBCH are received in one resource block (RB) for low category device types, and wherein the PSS, SSS, and PBCH are received in two RBs for high-category device types.
[0095] In some embodiments of the method 700, when the ambient IoT device is the low category device type only the PSS is received and the SSS is not.
[0096] Embodiments contemplated herein include an apparatus comprising means to perform one or more elements of the method 700. This apparatus may be, for example, an apparatus of a UE (such as a wireless device 902 that is a UE, as described herein) .
[0097] Embodiments contemplated herein include one or more non-transitory computer-readable media comprising instructions to cause an electronic device, upon execution of the instructions by one or more processors of the electronic device, to perform one or more elements of the method 700. This non-transitory computer-readable media may be, for example, a memory of a UE (such as a memory 906 of a wireless device 902 that is a UE, as described herein) .
[0098] Embodiments contemplated herein include an apparatus comprising logic, modules, or circuitry to perform one or more elements of the method 700. This apparatus may be, for example, an apparatus of a UE (such as a wireless device 902 that is a UE, as described herein) .
[0099] Embodiments contemplated herein include an apparatus comprising: one or more processors and one or more computer-readable media comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform one or more elements of the method 700. This apparatus may be, for example, an apparatus of a UE (such as a wireless device 902 that is a UE, as described herein) .
[0100] Embodiments contemplated herein include a signal as described in or related to one or more elements of the method 700.
[0101] Embodiments contemplated herein include a computer program or computer program product comprising instructions, wherein execution of the program by a processor is to cause the processor to carry out one or more elements of the method 700. The processor may be a processor of a UE (such as a processor (s) 904 of a wireless device 902 that is a UE, as described herein) . These instructions may be, for example, located in the processor and / or on a memory of the UE (such as a memory 906 of a wireless device 902 that is a UE, as described herein) .
[0102] FIG. 8 illustrates an example architecture of a wireless communication system 800, according to embodiments disclosed herein. The following description is provided for an example wireless communication system 800 that operates in conjunction with the LTE system standards and / or 5G or NR system standards as provided by 3GPP technical specifications.
[0103] As shown by FIG. 8, the wireless communication system 800 includes UE 802 and UE 804 (although any number of UEs may be used) . In this example, the UE 802 and the UE 804 are illustrated as smartphones (e.g., handheld touchscreen mobile computing devices connectable to one or more cellular networks) , but may also comprise any mobile or non-mobile computing device configured for wireless communication.
[0104] The UE 802 and UE 804 may be configured to communicatively couple with a RAN 806. In embodiments, the RAN 806 may be NG-RAN, E-UTRAN, etc. The UE 802 and UE 804 utilize connections (or channels) (shown as connection 808 and connection 810, respectively) with the RAN 806, each of which comprises a physical communications interface. The RAN 806 can include one or more base stations (such as base station 812 and base station 814) that enable the connection 808 and connection 810.
[0105] In this example, the connection 808 and connection 810 are air interfaces to enable such communicative coupling, and may be consistent with RAT (s) used by the RAN 806, such as, for example, an LTE and / or NR.
[0106] In some embodiments, the UE 802 and UE 804 may also directly exchange communication data via a sidelink interface 816. The UE 804 is shown to be configured to access an access point (shown as AP 818) via connection 820. By way of example, the connection 820 can comprise a local wireless connection, such as a connection consistent with any IEEE 802.11 protocol, wherein the AP 818 may comprise a router. In this example, the AP 818 may be connected to another network (for example, the Internet) without going through a CN 824.
[0107] In embodiments, the UE 802 and UE 804 can be configured to communicate using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication signals with each other or with the base station 812 and / or the base station 814 over a multicarrier communication channel in accordance with various communication techniques, such as, but not limited to, an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) communication technique (e.g., for downlink communications) or a single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) communication technique (e.g., for uplink and ProSe or sidelink communications) , although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. The OFDM signals can comprise a plurality of orthogonal subcarriers.
[0108] In some embodiments, all or parts of the base station 812 or base station 814 may be implemented as one or more software entities running on server computers as part of a virtual network. In addition, or in other embodiments, the base station 812 or base station 814 may be configured to communicate with one another via interface 822. In embodiments where the wireless communication system 800 is an LTE system (e.g., when the CN 824 is an EPC) , the interface 822 may be an X2 interface. The X2 interface may be defined between two or more base stations (e.g., two or more eNBs and the like) that connect to an EPC, and / or between two eNBs connecting to the EPC. In embodiments where the wireless communication system 800 is an NR system (e.g., when CN 824 is a 5GC) , the interface 822 may be an Xn interface. The Xn interface is defined between two or more base stations (e.g., two or more gNBs and the like) that connect to 5GC, between a base station 812 (e.g., a gNB) connecting to 5GC and an eNB, and / or between two eNBs connecting to 5GC (e.g., CN 824) .
[0109] The RAN 806 is shown to be communicatively coupled to the CN 824. The CN 824 may comprise one or more network elements 826, which are configured to offer various data and telecommunications services to customers / subscribers (e.g., users of UE 802 and UE 804) who are connected to the CN 824 via the RAN 806. The components of the CN 824 may be implemented in one physical device or separate physical devices including components to read and execute instructions from a machine-readable or computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium) .
[0110] In embodiments, the CN 824 may be an EPC, and the RAN 806 may be connected with the CN 824 via an S1 interface 828. In embodiments, the S1 interface 828 may be split into two parts, an S1 user plane (S1-U) interface, which carries traffic data between the base station 812 or base station 814 and a serving gateway (S-GW) , and the S1-MME interface, which is a signaling interface between the base station 812 or base station 814 and mobility management entities (MMEs) .
[0111] In embodiments, the CN 824 may be a 5GC, and the RAN 806 may be connected with the CN 824 via an NG interface 828. In embodiments, the NG interface 828 may be split into two parts, an NG user plane (NG-U) interface, which carries traffic data between the base station 812 or base station 814 and a user plane function (UPF) , and the S1 control plane (NG-C) interface, which is a signaling interface between the base station 812 or base station 814 and access and mobility management functions (AMFs) .
[0112] Generally, an application server 830 may be an element offering applications that use internet protocol (IP) bearer resources with the CN 824 (e.g., packet switched data services) . The application server 830 can also be configured to support one or more communication services (e.g., VoIP sessions, group communication sessions, etc. ) for the UE 802 and UE 804 via the CN 824. The application server 830 may communicate with the CN 824 through an IP communications interface 832.
[0113] FIG. 9 illustrates a system 900 for performing signaling 934 between a wireless device 902 and a network device 918, according to embodiments disclosed herein. The system 900 may be a portion of a wireless communications system as herein described. The wireless device 902 may be, for example, a UE of a wireless communication system. The network device 918 may be, for example, a base station (e.g., an eNB or a gNB) of a wireless communication system.
[0114] The wireless device 902 may include one or more processor (s) 904. The processor (s) 904 may execute instructions such that various operations of the wireless device 902 are performed, as described herein. The processor (s) 904 may include one or more baseband processors implemented using, for example, a central processing unit (CPU) , a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a controller, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) device, another hardware device, a firmware device, or any combination thereof configured to perform the operations described herein.
[0115] The wireless device 902 may include a memory 906. The memory 906 may be a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions 908 (which may include, for example, the instructions being executed by the processor (s) 904) . The instructions 908 may also be referred to as program code or a computer program. The memory 906 may also store data used by, and results computed by, the processor (s) 904.
[0116] The wireless device 902 may include one or more transceiver (s) 910 that may include radio frequency (RF) transmitter circuitry and / or receiver circuitry that use the antenna (s) 912 of the wireless device 902 to facilitate signaling (e.g., the signaling 934) to and / or from the wireless device 902 with other devices (e.g., the network device 918) according to corresponding RATs.
[0117] The wireless device 902 may include one or more antenna (s) 912 (e.g., one, two, four, or more) . For embodiments with multiple antenna (s) 912, the wireless device 902 may leverage the spatial diversity of such multiple antenna (s) 912 to send and / or receive multiple different data streams on the same time and frequency resources. This behavior may be referred to as, for example, multiple input multiple output (MIMO) behavior (referring to the multiple antennas used at each of a transmitting device and a receiving device that enable this aspect) . MIMO transmissions by the wireless device 902 may be accomplished according to precoding (or digital beamforming) that is applied at the wireless device 902 that multiplexes the data streams across the antenna (s) 912 according to known or assumed channel characteristics such that each data stream is received with an appropriate signal strength relative to other streams and at a desired location in the spatial domain (e.g., the location of a receiver associated with that data stream) . Certain embodiments may use single user MIMO (SU-MIMO) methods (where the data streams are all directed to a single receiver) and / or multi user MIMO (MU-MIMO) methods (where individual data streams may be directed to individual (different) receivers in different locations in the spatial domain) .
[0118] In certain embodiments having multiple antennas, the wireless device 902 may implement analog beamforming techniques, whereby phases of the signals sent by the antenna (s) 912 are relatively adjusted such that the (joint) transmission of the antenna (s) 912 can be directed (this is sometimes referred to as beam steering) .
[0119] The wireless device 902 may include one or more interface (s) 914. The interface (s) 914 may be used to provide input to or output from the wireless device 902. For example, a wireless device 902 that is a UE may include interface (s) 914 such as microphones, speakers, a touchscreen, buttons, and the like in order to allow for input and / or output to the UE by a user of the UE. Other interfaces of such a UE may be made up of transmitters, receivers, and other circuitry (e.g., other than the transceiver (s) 910 / antenna (s) 912 already described) that allow for communication between the UE and other devices and may operate according to known protocols (e.g., and the like) .
[0120] The wireless device 902 may include an SSB processing module 916. The SSB processing module 716 may be implemented via hardware, software, or combinations thereof. For example, the SSB processing module 716 may be implemented as a processor, circuit, and / or instructions 908 stored in the memory 906 and executed by the processor (s) 904. In some examples, the SSB processing module 716 may be integrated within the processor (s) 904 and / or the transceiver (s) 910. For example, the SSB processing module 716 may be implemented by a combination of software components (e.g., executed by a DSP or a general processor) and hardware components (e.g., logic gates and circuitry) within the processor (s) 904 or the transceiver (s) 910.
[0121] The SSB processing module 916 may be used for various aspects of the present disclosure, for example, aspects of FIGS. 1-8.
[0122] The network device 918 may include one or more processor (s) 920. The processor (s) 920 may execute instructions such that various operations of the network device 918 are performed, as described herein. The processor (s) 920 may include one or more baseband processors implemented using, for example, a CPU, a DSP, an ASIC, a controller, an FPGA device, another hardware device, a firmware device, or any combination thereof configured to perform the operations described herein.
[0123] The network device 918 may include a memory 922. The memory 922 may be a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions 924 (which may include, for example, the instructions being executed by the processor (s) 920) . The instructions 924 may also be referred to as program code or a computer program. The memory 922 may also store data used by, and results computed by, the processor (s) 920.
[0124] The network device 918 may include one or more transceiver (s) 926 that may include RF transmitter circuitry and / or receiver circuitry that use the antenna (s) 928 of the network device 918 to facilitate signaling (e.g., the signaling 934) to and / or from the network device 918 with other devices (e.g., the wireless device 902) according to corresponding RATs.
[0125] The network device 918 may include one or more antenna (s) 928 (e.g., one, two, four, or more) . In embodiments having multiple antenna (s) 928, the network device 918 may perform MIMO, digital beamforming, analog beamforming, beam steering, etc., as has been described.
[0126] The network device 918 may include one or more interface (s) 930. The interface (s) 930 may be used to provide input to or output from the network device 918. For example, a network device 918 that is a base station may include interface (s) 930 made up of transmitters, receivers, and other circuitry (e.g., other than the transceiver (s) 926 / antenna (s) 928 already described) that enables the base station to communicate with other equipment in a core network, and / or that enables the base station to communicate with external networks, computers, databases, and the like for purposes of operations, administration, and maintenance of the base station or other equipment operably connected thereto.
[0127] The network device 918 may include an SSB module 932. The SSB module 932 may be implemented via hardware, software, or combinations thereof. For example, the SSB module 932 may be implemented as a processor, circuit, and / or instructions 924 stored in the memory 922 and executed by the processor (s) 920. In some examples, the SSB module 932 may be integrated within the processor (s) 920 and / or the transceiver (s) 926. For example, the SSB module 932 may be implemented by a combination of software components (e.g., executed by a DSP or a general processor) and hardware components (e.g., logic gates and circuitry) within the processor (s) 920 or the transceiver (s) 926.
[0128] The SSB module 932 may be used for various aspects of the present disclosure, for example, aspects of FIGS. 1-8.
[0129] For one or more embodiments, at least one of the components set forth in one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to perform one or more operations, techniques, processes, and / or methods as set forth herein. For example, a baseband processor as described herein in connection with one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more of the examples set forth herein. For another example, circuitry associated with a UE, base station, network element, etc. as described above in connection with one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more of the examples set forth herein.
[0130] Any of the above described embodiments may be combined with any other embodiment (or combination of embodiments) , unless explicitly stated otherwise. The foregoing description of one or more implementations provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of embodiments to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from practice of various embodiments.
[0131] Embodiments and implementations of the systems and methods described herein may include various operations, which may be embodied in machine-executable instructions to be executed by a computer system. A computer system may include one or more general-purpose or special-purpose computers (or other electronic devices) . The computer system may include hardware components that include specific logic for performing the operations or may include a combination of hardware, software, and / or firmware.
[0132] It should be recognized that the systems described herein include descriptions of specific embodiments. These embodiments can be combined into single systems, partially combined into other systems, split into multiple systems or divided or combined in other ways. In addition, it is contemplated that parameters, attributes, aspects, etc. of one embodiment can be used in another embodiment. The parameters, attributes, aspects, etc. are merely described in one or more embodiments for clarity, and it is recognized that the parameters, attributes, aspects, etc. can be combined with or substituted for parameters, attributes, aspects, etc. of another embodiment unless specifically disclaimed herein.
[0133] It is well understood that the use of personally identifiable information should follow privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining the privacy of users. In particular, personally identifiable information data should be managed and handled so as to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use, and the nature of authorized use should be clearly indicated to users.
[0134] Although the foregoing has been described in some detail for purposes of clarity, it will be apparent that certain changes and modifications may be made without departing from the principles thereof. It should be noted that there are many alternative ways of implementing both the processes and apparatuses described herein. Accordingly, the present embodiments are to be considered illustrative and not restrictive, and the description is not to be limited to the details given herein, but may be modified within the scope and equivalents of the appended claims.
Claims
1.A method performed by a network node, the method comprising:generating a Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) comprising a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) ;transmitting, to an ambient Internet of Things (IoT) device, the PSS during a first symbol of a time slot;transmitting, to the ambient IoT device, a carrier wave during a gap after the first symbol on which the PSS was transmitted, and before the SSS is transmitted; andtransmitting, to the ambient IoT device, the SSS during a second symbol of the time slot after the gap where the carrier wave was transmitted.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the first symbol on which the PSS is transmitted corresponds to symbol index 0, 1, or 2, and wherein the second symbol on which the SSS is transmitted corresponds to symbol index 4.3.The method of claim 1, wherein the first symbol on which the PSS is transmitted corresponds to symbol index 0, 1, or 2, and wherein the second symbol on which the SSS is flexible and is positioned within the time slot such that there is one symbol between the PSS and the SSS.4.The method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting a Primary Broadcast Channel (PBCH) on remaining symbols of the time slot where the PSS and the SSS are transmitted, wherein the PSS and the SSS are mapped to a first resource block (RB) , and the PBCH is mapped to resource elements in both the first RB and a second RB.5.The method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting a Primary Broadcast Channel (PBCH) , wherein the PSS and the SSS are mapped to a first resource block (RB) , and the PBCH is mapped to resource elements in a second RB.6.The method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting the carrier wave again during remaining symbols of the time slot where the PSS and the SSS are transmitted, and transmitting a Primary Broadcast Channel (PBCH) on symbols on a second time slot.7.The method of claim 1, wherein a payload size of a Primary Broadcast Channel (PBCH) and mapping of the PBCH to resource elements depends on a device type of the ambient IoT device.8.The method of claim 7, wherein the PBCH is only transmitted for a high category device type.9.The method of claim 7, wherein the PBCH includes a smaller payload for a low category device type and a larger payload for a high category device type.10.The method of claim 1, wherein a size of the gap is based on a device type of the ambient IoT device.11.The method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting a Primary Broadcast Channel (PBCH) , wherein the PSS, SSS, and PBCH are transmitted in one resource block (RB) for low category device types, and wherein the PSS, SSS, and PBCH are transmitted in two RBs for high-category device types.12.The method of claim 1, further comprising determining if the ambient IoT device is a low category device type, and when the ambient IoT device is the low category device type only transmitting the PSS and preventing transmitting the SSS.13.A method performed by an ambient Internet of Things (IoT) device, the method comprising:receiving and processing a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) from a network node during a first symbol of a time slot;harvesting energy from a carrier wave during a gap after the first symbol on which the PSS was received, and before a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) is received;receiving, from the network node, the SSS during a second symbol of the time slot after the gap with the carrier wave; andprocessing the SSS, wherein power for processing the SSS is at least partially obtained from the energy harvested from the carrier wave during the gap.14.The method of claim 13, wherein the first symbol on which the PSS is received corresponds to symbol index 0, 1, or 2, and wherein the second symbol on which the SSS is received corresponds to symbol index 4.15.The method of claim 13, wherein the first symbol on which the PSS is received corresponds to symbol index 0, 1, or 2, and wherein the second symbol on which the SSS is flexible and is positioned within the time slot such that there is one symbol between the PSS and the SSS.16.The method of claim 13, further comprising receiving a Primary Broadcast Channel (PBCH) on remaining symbols of the time slot where the PSS and the SSS are received, wherein the PSS and the SSS are mapped to a first resource block (RB) , and the PBCH is mapped to resource elements in both the first RB and a second RB.17.The method of claim 8, further comprising receiving a Primary Broadcast Channel (PBCH) , wherein the PSS and the SSS are mapped to a first resource block (RB) , and the PBCH is mapped to resource elements in a second RB.18.The method of claim 13, further comprising receiving the carrier wave again during remaining symbols of the time slot where the PSS and the SSS are received, and receiving a Primary Broadcast Channel (PBCH) on symbols on a second time slot.19.The method of claim 13, wherein a payload size of a Primary Broadcast Channel (PBCH) and mapping of the PBCH to resource elements depends on a device type of the ambient IoT device.20.The method of claim 19, wherein the PBCH is only transmitted for a high category device type.21.The method of claim 19, wherein the PBCH includes a smaller payload for a low category device type and a larger payload for a high category device type.22.The method of claim 13, further comprising receiving a Primary Broadcast Channel (PBCH) , wherein the PSS, SSS, and PBCH are received in one resource block (RB) for low category device types, and wherein the PSS, SSS, and PBCH are received in two RBs for high-category device types.23.The method of claim 13, wherein when the ambient IoT device is the low category device type only the PSS is received and the SSS is not.24.The method of claim 13, wherein a size of the gap is based on a device type of the ambient IoT device.25.An ambient Internet of Things (IoT) device comprising:a processor; anda memory storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, configure the ambient IoT device to:receive and process a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) from a network node during a first symbol of a time slot;harvest energy from a carrier wave during a gap after the first symbol on which the PSS was received, and before a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) is received;receive, from the network node, the SSS during a second symbol of the time slot after the gap with the carrier wave; andprocess the SSS, wherein power for processing the SSS is at least partially obtained from the energy harvested from the carrier wave during the gap.26.The ambient IoT device of claim 25, wherein the first symbol on which the PSS is received corresponds to symbol index 0, 1, or 2, and wherein the second symbol on which the SSS is received corresponds to symbol index 4.27.The ambient IoT device of claim 25, wherein the first symbol on which the PSS is received corresponds to symbol index 0, 1, or 2, and wherein the second symbol on which the SSS is flexible and is positioned within the time slot such that there is one symbol between the PSS and the SSS.28.The ambient IoT device of claim 25, wherein the instructions further configure the ambient IoT device to receive a Primary Broadcast Channel (PBCH) on remaining symbols of the time slot where the PSS and the SSS are received, wherein the PSS and the SSS are mapped to a first resource block (RB) , and the PBCH is mapped to resource elements in both the first RB and a second RB.29.The ambient IoT device of claim 25, wherein the instructions further configure the ambient IoT device to receive the carrier wave again during remaining symbols of the time slot where the PSS and the SSS are received, and receiving a Primary Broadcast Channel (PBCH) on symbols on a second time slot.30.The ambient IoT device of claim 25, wherein a payload size of a Primary Broadcast Channel (PBCH) and mapping of the PBCH to resource elements depends on a device type of the ambient IoT device.31.An apparatus comprising means to perform the method of any of claim 1 to claim 24.32.A computer-readable media comprising instructions to cause an electronic device, upon execution of the instructions by one or more processors of the electronic device, to perform the method of any of claim 1 to claim 24.33.An apparatus comprising logic, modules, or circuitry to perform the method of any of claim 1 to claim 24.34.A baseband processor for a user equipment (UE) configured to perform the method of any of claim 13 to claim 24.
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