Two-sided wireless communication model development based on central registry
A central registry facilitates the development of compatible two-sided wireless communication models by registering UE payload and wireless communication parameter mappings, allowing vendors to train models efficiently and scalably using standardized interfaces.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/077239
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-15
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-21
AI Technical Summary
Challenges arise in training two-sided wireless communication models developed by different vendors, as offline collaboration is not scalable and requires vendor coordination outside standardized interfaces.
A central registry is used to register a mapping between a UE payload and wireless communication parameters, enabling vendors to develop compatible models through sequential training via standardized interfaces.
Enables efficient and scalable development of two-sided wireless communication models without pairwise vendor collaboration, ensuring compatibility and reducing the need for offline coordination.
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Figure CN2024077239_21082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
TWO-SIDED WIRELESS COMMUNICATION MODEL DEVELOPMENT BASED ON CENTRAL REGISTRY
[0001] FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0002] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication and specifically relate to techniques, apparatuses, and methods associated with two-sided wireless communication model development based on a central registry.BACKGROUND
[0003] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various services that may include carrying voice, text, messaging, video, data, and / or other traffic. The services may include unicast, multicast, and / or broadcast services, among other examples. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (for example, time domain resources, frequency domain resources, spatial domain resources, and / or device transmit power, among other examples) . Examples of such multiple-access RATs include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.
[0004] The above multiple-access RATs have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide common protocols that enable different wireless communication devices to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, or global level. An example telecommunication standard is New Radio (NR) . NR, which may also be referred to as 5G, is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . NR (and other mobile broadband evolutions beyond NR) may be designed to better support Internet of things (IoT) and reduced capability device deployments, industrial connectivity, millimeter wave (mmWave) expansion, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployment, sidelink and other device-to-device direct communication technologies (for example, cellular vehicle-to-everything (CV2X) communication) , massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) , disaggregated network architectures and network topology expansions, multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, and / or radio frequency (RF) sensing, among other examples. As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, further improvements in NR may be implemented, and other radio access technologies such as 6G may be introduced, to further advance mobile broadband evolution.SUMMARY
[0005] Some aspects described herein relate to a registry system for wireless communication. The registry system may include one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be configured to receive information that represents a mapping between a user equipment (UE) payload and a wireless communication parameter. The one or more processors may be configured to register the mapping between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter, wherein the mapping is associated with an identifier. The one or more processors may be configured to provide the information that represents the mapping between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter in response to a retrieval request that includes the identifier associated with the mapping.
[0006] Some aspects described herein relate to a method for facilitating wireless communication model development. The method may include receiving information that represents a mapping between a UE payload and a wireless communication parameter. The method may include registering the mapping between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter, wherein the mapping is associated with an identifier. The method may include providing the information that represents the mapping between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter in response to a retrieval request that includes the identifier associated with the mapping.
[0007] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a registry system. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the registry system, may cause the registry system to receive information that represents a mapping between a UE payload and a wireless communication parameter. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the registry system, may cause the registry system to register the mapping between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter, wherein the mapping is associated with an identifier. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the registry system, may cause the registry system to provide the information that represents the mapping between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter in response to a retrieval request that includes the identifier associated with the mapping.
[0008] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for receiving information that represents a mapping between a UE payload and a wireless communication parameter. The apparatus may include means for registering the mapping between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter, wherein the mapping is associated with an identifier. The apparatus may include means for providing the information that represents the mapping between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter in response to a retrieval request that includes the identifier associated with the mapping.
[0009] Aspects of the present disclosure may generally be implemented by or as a method, apparatus, system, computer program product, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, base station, network node, network entity, wireless communication device, and / or processing system as substantially described with reference to, and as illustrated by, the specification and accompanying drawings.
[0010] The foregoing paragraphs of this section have broadly summarized some aspects of the present disclosure. These and additional aspects and associated advantages will be described hereinafter. The disclosed aspects may be used as a basis for modifying or designing other aspects for carrying out the same or similar purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent aspects do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of the aspects disclosed herein, both their organization and method of operation, together with associated advantages, will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] The appended drawings illustrate some aspects of the present disclosure, but are not limiting of the scope of the present disclosure because the description may enable other aspects. Each of the drawings is provided for purposes of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits of the claims. The same or similar reference numbers in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.
[0012] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0013] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example network node in communication with a user equipment (UE) in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0014] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0015] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a core network, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0016] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example architecture of a functional framework for radio access network (RAN) intelligence enabled by data collection, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0017] Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a UE and a network node using paired models to encode and decode channel state information (CSI) feedback, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0018] Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with two-sided wireless communication model development based on a central registry, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0019] Figs. 8A-8B are diagrams illustrating examples associated with a core network device registering a mapping to facilitate two-sided wireless communication model development, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0020] Figs. 9A-9B are diagrams illustrating examples associated with a network node registering a mapping to facilitate two-sided wireless communication model development, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0021] Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with registering a mapping with an operations, administration, and maintenance (OAM) device to facilitate two-sided wireless communication model development, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0022] Figs. 11A-11B are diagrams illustrating examples associated with retrieving a mapping from a core network device to facilitate two-sided wireless communication model development, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0023] Fig. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with registering a mapping with a RAN intelligent controller to facilitate two-sided wireless communication model development, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0024] Fig. 13 is a flowchart illustrating an example process performed, for example, by a registry system, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0025] Fig. 14 is a diagram of an example apparatus, in accordance with the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] Various aspects of the present disclosure are described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, aspects of the present disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and is not to be construed as limited to any specific aspect illustrated by or described with reference to an accompanying drawing or otherwise presented in this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. One skilled in the art may appreciate that the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or in combination with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using various combinations or quantities of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover an apparatus having, or a method that is practiced using, other structures and / or functionalities in addition to or other than the structures and / or functionalities with which various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein may be practiced. Any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.
[0027] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques. These methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, or algorithms (collectively referred to as “elements” ) . These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
[0028] In some cases, an artificial intelligence (AI) program, such as a program that includes a machine learning (ML) or artificial neural network (ANN) model, may be configured to provide computing capabilities for wireless communication. For example, an ML model may include mathematical representations or may define computing capabilities for making inferences from input data based on patterns or relationships identified in the input data. As described herein, inferences can include one or more of decisions, predictions, determinations, or values, which may represent outputs of the ML model. The computing capabilities may be defined in terms of certain parameters of the ML model, such as weights and biases. Weights may indicate relationships between certain input data and certain outputs of the ML model, and biases are offsets that may indicate starting points for outputs of the ML model. An example ML model operating on input data may start at an initial output based on the biases and then update the output based on a combination of the input data and the weights.
[0029] In a wireless communication context, ML models may be deployed in one or more devices (e.g., a network node and / or a user equipment (UE) ) and may be configured to enhance various aspects of a wireless communication system. For example, an ML model may be trained to identify patterns or relationships in data corresponding to a network, a device, an air interface, or the like. An ML model may support operational decisions relating to one or more aspects associated with wireless communication devices, networks, or services. For example, an ML model may be utilized for supporting or improving aspects such as mobility management, signal coding / decoding, network routing, energy conservation, transceiver circuitry controls, frequency synchronization, timing synchronization, channel state estimation, channel equalization, channel state feedback, modulation, demodulation, device positioning, beamforming, load balancing, operations and management (OAM) functions, and / or security, among other examples. Furthermore, in cases where radio access network (RAN) intelligence is enabled using AI / ML techniques, a wireless network may support backhaul signaling to support use cases that are based on AI / ML techniques.
[0030] Accordingly, as described herein, a RAN may support an AI / ML-based air interface, where a UE and a network node use trained AI / ML models to implement a function. In one example, when a UE intends to convey channel state information (CSI) to a network node (e.g., a precoder, a precoding matrix, and / or a rank that the UE prefers, based on an observed channel, a channel quality indicator (CQI) , and / or a channel matrix) , the UE may use a first neural network to derive a compressed representation of the CSI to be provided in CSI feedback transmitted to the network node, and the network node may use a second neural network to reconstruct the target CSI from the compressed representation. For the reconstruction to be accurate, the UE-side and network-side ML models (e.g., neural networks) should be trained in a collaborative manner such that the compressed representation created by the UE-side model is interpreted and decoded correctly by the network-side model. In cases where this requirement is satisfied, the pair of models are considered to be compatible.
[0031] However, challenges may arise in training two-sided models in cases where the UE-side model and the network-side model are developed or otherwise controlled by different vendors. In such cases, the vendors may need to collaborate during training to ensure that the UE-side and network-side models are compatible (e.g., the UE-side and the network-side models must both be implemented in accordance with a mapping (or codebook) between a UE payload (e.g., a CSI feedback payload) and one or more wireless communication parameters that are mapped to the UE payload (e.g., the preferred precoding matrix that the CSI feedback payload represents) . One possible approach to ensure that UE-side and network-side models are compatible is to require that each pair of vendors collaborate offline in some manner to align various model training attributes to ensure that the resulting models are compatible. However, offline collaboration between every pair of vendors may not be feasible or scalable because every vendor of a network-side model may not be able to collaborate with every vendor of a UE-side model or vice versa. In some cases, a sequential training approach could be used to reduce the need for collaboration between different model vendors. For example, in a first step of the sequential training approach, a vendor that develops models for a first side (e.g., the UE-side or the network-side) may train a model first and define a mapping between a UE payload and a wireless communication parameter. In a second step, other vendors that develop models for the other side may then develop models that are compatible with the trained model based on the mapping between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter. However, even in the sequential training approach, each vendor that develops models based on the mapping implemented by the initially trained model may need to obtain the mapping in some form, which still requires vendor coordination outside standardized interfaces.
[0032] Various aspects relate generally to a scalable approach to develop two-sided wireless communication models (e.g., UE-side and network-side models) based on a central registry and using standardized interfaces. For example, in some aspects, a vendor may register a mapping between a UE payload and a wireless communication parameter with a central registry, which may include a core network device, an OAM entity, a RAN intelligent controller (RIC) , or the like. In some aspects, the registered mapping may be assigned a suitable identifier that can then be referenced for various purposes or use cases, such as developing compatible models, indicating a UE capability, and / or indicating a pairing for inferencing, among other examples. For example, a vendor that intends to develop an AI / ML model or another suitable model compatible with the registered mapping may query the central registry to retrieve information about the mapping that is needed to train or otherwise develop the compatible model. Furthermore, various aspects described herein relate to backhaul signaling to register the mapping with the central registry and to retrieve the mapping from the central registry using standardized interfaces, which may enable sequential training based on network-first model training and / or UE-first model training. In addition, various aspects described herein relate to testing compatibility between UE-side and network-side models that implement the registered mapping.
[0033] Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, by registering a mapping between a UE payload and a wireless communication parameter with a central registry, the described techniques can be used to train and develop two-sided wireless communication models without requiring pairwise collaboration between UE-side and network-side vendors. Furthermore, because the mapping is registered with a central registry that is accessible via standardized interfaces, the two-sided wireless communication models can be developed and trained using sequential training techniques in an efficient and scalable manner.
[0034] Multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide common protocols that enable wireless communication devices to communicate on a municipal, enterprise, national, regional, or global level. For example, 5G New Radio (NR) is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . 5G NR supports various technologies and use cases including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) , massive machine-type communication (mMTC) , millimeter wave (mmWave) technology, beamforming, network slicing, edge computing, Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity and management, and network function virtualization (NFV) .
[0035] As the demand for broadband access increases and as technologies supported by wireless communication networks evolve, further technological improvements may be adopted in or implemented for 5G NR or future RATs, such as 6G, to further advance the evolution of wireless communication for a wide variety of existing and new use cases and applications. Such technological improvements may be associated with new frequency band expansion, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, overlapping spectrum use, small cell deployments, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployments, disaggregated network architectures and network topology expansion, device aggregation, advanced duplex communication, sidelink and other device-to-device direct communication, IoT (including passive or ambient IoT) networks, reduced capability (RedCap) UE functionality, industrial connectivity, multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, radio frequency (RF) sensing, and / or AI / ML, among other examples. These technological improvements may support use cases such as wireless backhauls, wireless data centers, extended reality (XR) and metaverse applications, meta services for supporting vehicle connectivity, holographic and mixed reality communication, autonomous and collaborative robots, vehicle platooning and cooperative maneuvering, sensing networks, gesture monitoring, human-brain interfacing, digital twin applications, asset management, and universal coverage applications using non-terrestrial and / or aerial platforms, among other examples. The methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques described herein may enable one or more of the foregoing technologies and / or support one or more of the foregoing use cases.
[0036] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network 100 in accordance with the present disclosure. The wireless communication network 100 may be or may include elements of a 5G (or NR) network or a 6G network, among other examples. The wireless communication network 100 may include multiple network nodes 110, shown as a network node (NN) 110a, a network node 110b, a network node 110c, and a network node 110d. The network nodes 110 may support communications with multiple UEs 120, shown as a UE 120a, a UE 120b, a UE 120c, a UE 120d, and a UE 120e.
[0037] The network nodes 110 and the UEs 120 of the wireless communication network 100 may communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided by frequency or wavelength into various classes, bands, carriers, and / or channels. For example, devices of the wireless communication network 100 may communicate using one or more operating bands. In some aspects, multiple wireless communication networks 100 may be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless communication network 100 may support a particular RAT (which may also be referred to as an air interface) and may operate on one or more carrier frequencies in one or more frequency ranges. Examples of RATs include a 4G RAT, a 5G / NR RAT, and / or a 6G RAT, among other examples. In some examples, when multiple RATs are deployed in a given geographic area, each RAT in the geographic area may operate on different frequencies to avoid interference with one another.
[0038] Various operating bands have been defined as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz through 7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz through 52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz through 24.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz through 71 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz through 114.25 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz through 300 GHz) . Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “Sub-6 GHz” band in some documents and articles. Similarly, FR2 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in some documents and articles, despite being different than the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz through 300 GHz) , which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band. The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies, which include FR3. Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend features of FR1 or FR2 into mid-band frequencies. Thus, “sub-6 GHz, ” if used herein, may broadly refer to frequencies that are less than 6 GHz, that are within FR1, and / or that are included in mid-band frequencies. Similarly, the term “millimeter wave, ” if used herein, may broadly refer to frequencies that are included in mid-band frequencies, that are within FR2, FR4, FR4-a or FR4-1, or FR5, and / or that are within the EHF band. Higher frequency bands may extend 5G NR operation, 6G operation, and / or other RATs beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, each of FR4a, FR4-1, FR4, and FR5 falls within the EHF band. In some examples, the wireless communication network 100 may implement dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS) , in which multiple RATs (for example, 4G / LTE and 5G / NR) are implemented with dynamic bandwidth allocation (for example, based on user demand) in a single frequency band. It is contemplated that the frequencies included in these operating bands (for example, FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, and / or FR5) may be modified, and techniques described herein may be applicable to those modified frequency ranges.
[0039] A network node 110 may include one or more devices, components, or systems that enable communication between a UE 120 and one or more devices, components, or systems of the wireless communication network 100. A network node 110 may be, may include, or may also be referred to as an NR network node, a 5G network node, a 6G network node, a Node B, an eNB, a gNB, an access point (AP) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a mobility element, a core, a network entity, a network element, a network equipment, and / or another type of device, component, or system included in a radio access network (RAN) .
[0040] A network node 110 may be implemented as a single physical node (for example, a single physical structure) or may be implemented as two or more physical nodes (for example, two or more distinct physical structures) . For example, a network node 110 may be a device or system that implements part of a radio protocol stack, a device or system that implements a full radio protocol stack (such as a full gNB protocol stack) , or a collection of devices or systems that collectively implement the full radio protocol stack. For example, and as shown, a network node 110 may be an aggregated network node (having an aggregated architecture) , meaning that the network node 110 may implement a full radio protocol stack that is physically and logically integrated within a single node (for example, a single physical structure) in the wireless communication network 100. For example, an aggregated network node 110 may consist of a single standalone base station or a single TRP that uses a full radio protocol stack to enable or facilitate communication between a UE 120 and a core network of the wireless communication network 100.
[0041] Alternatively, and as also shown, a network node 110 may be a disaggregated network node (sometimes referred to as a disaggregated base station) , meaning that the network node 110 may implement a radio protocol stack that is physically distributed and / or logically distributed among two or more nodes in the same geographic location or in different geographic locations. For example, a disaggregated network node may have a disaggregated architecture. In some deployments, disaggregated network nodes 110 may be used in an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, in an open radio access network (O-RAN) (such as a network configuration in compliance with the O-RAN Alliance) , or in a virtualized radio access network (vRAN) , also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) , to facilitate scaling by separating base station functionality into multiple units that can be individually deployed.
[0042] The network nodes 110 of the wireless communication network 100 may include one or more central units (CUs) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , and / or one or more radio units (RUs) . A CU may host one or more higher layer control functions, such as radio resource control (RRC) functions, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) functions, and / or service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) functions, among other examples. A DU may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and / or one or more higher physical (PHY) layers depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as a functional split defined by the 3GPP. In some examples, a DU also may host one or more lower PHY layer functions, such as a fast Fourier transform (FFT) , an inverse FFT (iFFT) , beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, and / or scheduling of resources for one or more UEs 120, among other examples. An RU may host RF processing functions or lower PHY layer functions, such as an FFT, an iFFT, beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, among other examples, according to a functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, each RU can be operated to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 120.
[0043] In some aspects, a single network node 110 may include a combination of one or more CUs, one or more DUs, and / or one or more RUs. Additionally or alternatively, a network node 110 may include one or more Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RICs and / or one or more Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RICs. In some examples, a CU, a DU, and / or an RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, such as a virtual central unit (VCU) , a virtual distributed unit (VDU) , or a virtual radio unit (VRU) , among other examples. A virtual unit may be implemented as a virtual network function, such as associated with a cloud deployment.
[0044] Some network nodes 110 (for example, a base station, an RU, or a TRP) may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In the 3GPP, the term “cell” can refer to a coverage area of a network node 110 or to a network node 110 itself, depending on the context in which the term is used. A network node 110 may support one or multiple (for example, three) cells. In some examples, a network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (for example, several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (for example, a home) and may allow restricted access by UEs 120 having association with the femto cell (for example, UEs 120 in a closed subscriber group (CSG) ) . A network node 110 for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro network node. A network node 110 for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico network node. A network node 110 for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto network node or an in-home network node. In some examples, a cell may not necessarily be stationary. For example, the geographic area of the cell may move according to the location of an associated mobile network node 110 (for example, a train, a satellite base station, an unmanned aerial vehicle, or an NTN network node) .
[0045] The wireless communication network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes network nodes 110 of different types, such as macro network nodes, pico network nodes, femto network nodes, relay network nodes, aggregated network nodes, and / or disaggregated network nodes, among other examples. In the example shown in Fig. 1, the network node 110a may be a macro network node for a macro cell 130a, the network node 110b may be a pico network node for a pico cell 130b, and the network node 110c may be a femto network node for a femto cell 130c. Various different types of network nodes 110 may generally transmit at different power levels, serve different coverage areas, and / or have different impacts on interference in the wireless communication network 100 than other types of network nodes 110. For example, macro network nodes may have a high transmit power level (for example, 5 to 40 watts) , whereas pico network nodes, femto network nodes, and relay network nodes may have lower transmit power levels (for example, 0.1 to 2 watts) .
[0046] In some examples, a network node 110 may be, may include, or may operate as an RU, a TRP, or a base station that communicates with one or more UEs 120 via a radio access link (which may be referred to as a “Uu” link) . The radio access link may include a downlink and an uplink. “Downlink” (or “DL” ) refers to a communication direction from a network node 110 to a UE 120, and “uplink” (or “UL” ) refers to a communication direction from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Downlink channels may include one or more control channels and one or more data channels. A downlink control channel may be used to transmit downlink control information (DCI) (for example, scheduling information, reference signals, and / or configuration information) from a network node 110 to a UE 120. A downlink data channel may be used to transmit downlink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 120) from a network node 110 to a UE 120. Downlink control channels may include one or more physical downlink control channels (PDCCHs) , and downlink data channels may include one or more physical downlink shared channels (PDSCHs) . Uplink channels may similarly include one or more control channels and one or more data channels. An uplink control channel may be used to transmit uplink control information (UCI) (for example, reference signals and / or feedback corresponding to one or more downlink transmissions) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. An uplink data channel may be used to transmit uplink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 120) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Uplink control channels may include one or more physical uplink control channels (PUCCHs) , and uplink data channels may include one or more physical uplink shared channels (PUSCHs) . The downlink and the uplink may each include a set of resources on which the network node 110 and the UE 120 may communicate.
[0047] Downlink and uplink resources may include time domain resources (frames, subframes, slots, and / or symbols) , frequency domain resources (frequency bands, component carriers, subcarriers, resource blocks, and / or resource elements) , and / or spatial domain resources (particular transmit directions and / or beam parameters) . Frequency domain resources of some bands may be subdivided into bandwidth parts (BWPs) . A BWP may be a continuous block of frequency domain resources (for example, a continuous block of resource blocks) that are allocated for one or more UEs 120. A UE 120 may be configured with both an uplink BWP and a downlink BWP (where the uplink BWP and the downlink BWP may be the same BWP or different BWPs) . A BWP may be dynamically configured (for example, by a network node 110 transmitting a DCI configuration to the one or more UEs 120) and / or reconfigured, which means that a BWP can be adjusted in real-time (or near-real-time) based on changing network conditions in the wireless communication network 100 and / or based on the specific requirements of the one or more UEs 120. This enables more efficient use of the available frequency domain resources in the wireless communication network 100 because fewer frequency domain resources may be allocated to a BWP for a UE 120 (which may reduce the quantity of frequency domain resources that a UE 120 is required to monitor) , leaving more frequency domain resources to be spread across multiple UEs 120. Thus, BWPs may also assist in the implementation of lower-capability UEs 120 by facilitating the configuration of smaller bandwidths for communication by such UEs 120.
[0048] As described above, in some aspects, the wireless communication network 100 may be, may include, or may be included in, an IAB network. In an IAB network, at least one network node 110 is an anchor network node that communicates with a core network. An anchor network node 110 may also be referred to as an IAB donor (or “IAB-donor” ) . The anchor network node 110 may connect to the core network via a wired backhaul link. For example, an Ng interface of the anchor network node 110 may terminate at the core network. Additionally or alternatively, an anchor network node 110 may connect to one or more devices of the core network that provide a core access and mobility management function (AMF) . An IAB network also generally includes multiple non-anchor network nodes 110, which may also be referred to as relay network nodes or simply as IAB nodes (or “IAB-nodes” ) . Each non-anchor network node 110 may communicate directly with the anchor network node 110 via a wireless backhaul link to access the core network, or may communicate indirectly with the anchor network node 110 via one or more other non-anchor network nodes 110 and associated wireless backhaul links that form a backhaul path to the core network. Some anchor network node 110 or other non-anchor network node 110 may also communicate directly with one or more UEs 120 via wireless access links that carry access traffic. In some examples, network resources for wireless communication (such as time resources, frequency resources, and / or spatial resources) may be shared between access links and backhaul links.
[0049] In some examples, any network node 110 that relays communications may be referred to as a relay network node, a relay station, or simply as a relay. A relay may receive a transmission of a communication from an upstream station (for example, another network node 110 or a UE 120) and transmit the communication to a downstream station (for example, a UE 120 or another network node 110) . In this case, the wireless communication network 100 may include or be referred to as a “multi-hop network. ” In the example shown in Fig. 1, the network node 110d (for example, a relay network node) may communicate with the network node 110a (for example, a macro network node) and the UE 120d in order to facilitate communication between the network node 110a and the UE 120d. Additionally or alternatively, a UE 120 may be or may operate as a relay station that can relay transmissions to or from other UEs 120. A UE 120 that relays communications may be referred to as a UE relay or a relay UE, among other examples.
[0050] The UEs 120 may be physically dispersed throughout the wireless communication network 100, and each UE 120 may be stationary or mobile. A UE 120 may be, may include, or may be included in an access terminal, another terminal, a mobile station, or a subscriber unit. A UE 120 may be, include, or be coupled with a cellular phone (for example, a smart phone) , a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (for example, a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, and / or smart jewelry, such as a smart ring or a smart bracelet) , an entertainment device (for example, a music device, a video device, and / or a satellite radio) , an XR device, a vehicular component or sensor, a smart meter or sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) device (such as a Global Positioning System device or another type of positioning device) , a UE function of a network node, and / or any other suitable device or function that may communicate via a wireless medium.
[0051] A UE 120 and / or a network node 110 may include one or more chips, system-on-chips (SoCs) , chipsets, packages, or devices that individually or collectively constitute or comprise a processing system. The processing system includes processor (or “processing” ) circuitry in the form of one or multiple processors, microprocessors, processing units (such as central processing units (CPUs) , graphics processing units (GPUs) , neural processing units (NPUs) and / or digital signal processors (DSPs) ) , processing blocks, application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC) , programmable logic devices (PLDs) (such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) ) , or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry (all of which may be generally referred to herein individually as “processors” or collectively as “the processor” or “the processor circuitry” ) . One or more of the processors may be individually or collectively configurable or configured to perform various functions or operations described herein. A group of processors collectively configurable or configured to perform a set of functions may include a first processor configurable or configured to perform a first function of the set and a second processor configurable or configured to perform a second function of the set, or may include the group of processors all being configured or configurable to perform the set of functions.
[0052] The processing system may further include memory circuitry in the form of one or more memory devices, memory blocks, memory elements or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry, each of which may include tangible storage media such as random-access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM) , or combinations thereof (all of which may be generally referred to herein individually as “memories” or collectively as “the memory” or “the memory circuitry” ) . One or more of the memories may be coupled (for example, operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, or electrically coupled) with one or more of the processors and may individually or collectively store processor-executable code (such as software) that, when executed by one or more of the processors, may configure one or more of the processors to perform various functions or operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, one or more of the processors may be preconfigured to perform various functions or operations described herein without requiring configuration by software. The processing system may further include or be coupled with one or more modems (such as a Wi-Fi (for example, IEEE compliant) modem or a cellular (for example, 3GPP 4G LTE, 5G, or 6G compliant) modem) . In some implementations, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more of the modems. The processing system may further include or be coupled with multiple radios (collectively “the radio” ) , multiple RF chains, or multiple transceivers, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more of multiple antennas. In some implementations, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more of the radios, RF chains or transceivers. The UE 120 may include or may be included in a housing that houses components associated with the UE 120 including the processing system.
[0053] Some UEs 120 may be considered machine-type communication (MTC) UEs, evolved or enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) , UEs, further enhanced eMTC (feMTC) UEs, or enhanced feMTC (efeMTC) UEs, or further evolutions thereof, all of which may be simply referred to as “MTC UEs” ) . An MTC UE may be, may include, or may be included in or coupled with a robot, an uncrewed aerial vehicle, a remote device, a sensor, a meter, a monitor, and / or a location tag. Some UEs 120 may be considered IoT devices and / or may be implemented as NB-IoT (narrowband IoT) devices. An IoT UE or NB-IoT device may be, may include, or may be included in or coupled with an industrial machine, an appliance, a refrigerator, a doorbell camera device, a home automation device, and / or a light fixture, among other examples. Some UEs 120 may be considered Customer Premises Equipment, which may include telecommunications devices that are installed at a customer location (such as a home or office) to enable access to a service provider's network (such as included in or in communication with the wireless communication network 100) .
[0054] Some UEs 120 may be classified according to different categories in association with different complexities and / or different capabilities. UEs 120 in a first category may facilitate massive IoT in the wireless communication network 100, and may offer low complexity and / or cost relative to UEs 120 in a second category. UEs 120 in a second category may include mission-critical IoT devices, legacy UEs, baseline UEs, high-tier UEs, advanced UEs, full-capability UEs, and / or premium UEs that are capable of URLLC, enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , and / or precise positioning in the wireless communication network 100, among other examples. A third category of UEs 120 may have mid-tier complexity and / or capability (for example, a capability between UEs 120 of the first category and UEs 120 of the second capability) . A UE 120 of the third category may be referred to as a reduced capacity UE ( “RedCap UE” ) , a mid-tier UE, an NR-Light UE, and / or an NR-Lite UE, among other examples. RedCap UEs may bridge a gap between the capability and complexity of NB-IoT devices and / or eMTC UEs, and mission-critical IoT devices and / or premium UEs. RedCap UEs may include, for example, wearable devices, IoT devices, industrial sensors, and / or cameras that are associated with a limited bandwidth, power capacity, and / or transmission range, among other examples. RedCap UEs may support healthcare environments, building automation, electrical distribution, process automation, transport and logistics, and / or smart city deployments, among other examples.
[0055] In some examples, two or more UEs 120 (for example, shown as UE 120a and UE 120e) may communicate directly with one another using sidelink communications (for example, without communicating by way of a network node 110 as an intermediary) . As an example, the UE 120a may directly transmit data, control information, or other signaling as a sidelink communication to the UE 120e. This is in contrast to, for example, the UE 120a first transmitting data in an UL communication to a network node 110, which then transmits the data to the UE 120e in a DL communication. In various examples, the UEs 120 may transmit and receive sidelink communications using peer-to-peer (P2P) communication protocols, device-to-device (D2D) communication protocols, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication protocols (which may include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocols, vehicle-to- infrastructure (V2I) protocols, and / or vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocols) , and / or mesh network communication protocols. In some deployments and configurations, a network node 110 may schedule and / or allocate resources for sidelink communications between UEs 120 in the wireless communication network 100. In some other deployments and configurations, a UE 120 (instead of a network node 110) may perform, or collaborate or negotiate with one or more other UEs to perform, scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and / or other operations for sidelink communications.
[0056] In various examples, some of the network nodes 110 and the UEs 120 of the wireless communication network 100 may be configured for full-duplex operation in addition to half-duplex operation. A network node 110 or a UE 120 operating in a half-duplex mode may perform only one of transmission or reception during particular time resources, such as during particular slots, symbols, or other time periods. Half-duplex operation may involve time-division duplexing (TDD) , in which DL transmissions of the network node 110 and UL transmissions of the UE 120 do not occur in the same time resources (that is, the transmissions do not overlap in time) . In contrast, a network node 110 or a UE 120 operating in a full-duplex mode can transmit and receive communications concurrently (for example, in the same time resources) . By operating in a full-duplex mode, network nodes 110 and / or UEs 120 may generally increase the capacity of the network and the radio access link. In some examples, full-duplex operation may involve frequency-division duplexing (FDD) , in which DL transmissions of the network node 110 are performed in a first frequency band or on a first component carrier and transmissions of the UE 120 are performed in a second frequency band or on a second component carrier different than the first frequency band or the first component carrier, respectively. In some examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for a UE 120 but not for a network node 110. For example, a UE 120 may simultaneously transmit an UL transmission to a first network node 110 and receive a DL transmission from a second network node 110 in the same time resources. In some other examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for a network node 110 but not for a UE 120. For example, a network node 110 may simultaneously transmit a DL transmission to a first UE 120 and receive an UL transmission from a second UE 120 in the same time resources. In some other examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for both a network node 110 and a UE 120.
[0057] In some examples, the UEs 120 and the network nodes 110 may perform MIMO communication. “MIMO” generally refers to transmitting or receiving multiple signals (such as multiple layers or multiple data streams) simultaneously over the same time and frequency resources. MIMO techniques generally exploit multipath propagation. MIMO may be implemented using various spatial processing or spatial multiplexing operations. In some examples, MIMO may support simultaneous transmission to multiple receivers, referred to as multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) . Some RATs may employ advanced MIMO techniques, such as mTRP operation (including redundant transmission or reception on multiple TRPs) , reciprocity in the time domain or the frequency domain, single-frequency-network (SFN) transmission, or non-coherent joint transmission (NC-JT) .
[0058] As indicated above, Fig. 1 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 1.
[0059] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example network node 110 in communication with an example UE 120 in a wireless network in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0060] As shown in Fig. 2, the network node 110 may include a data source 212, a transmit processor 214, a transmit (TX) MIMO processor 216, a set of modems 232 (shown as 232a through 232t, where t ≥ 1) , a set of antennas 234 (shown as 234a through 234v, where v ≥ 1) , a MIMO detector 236, a receive processor 238, a data sink 239, a controller / processor 240, a memory 242, a communication unit 244, a scheduler 246, and / or a communication manager, among other examples. In some configurations, one or a combination of the antenna (s) 234, the modem (s) 232, the MIMO detector 236, the receive processor 238, the transmit processor 214, and / or the TX MIMO processor 216 may be included in a transceiver of the network node 110. The transceiver may be under control of and used by one or more processors, such as the controller / processor 240, and in some aspects in conjunction with processor-readable code stored in the memory 242, to perform aspects of the methods, processes, and / or operations described herein. In some aspects, the network node 110 may include one or more interfaces, communication components, and / or other components that facilitate communication with the UE 120 or another network node.
[0061] The terms “processor, ” “controller, ” or “controller / processor” may refer to one or more controllers and / or one or more processors. For example, reference to “a / the processor, ” “a / the controller / processor, ” or the like (in the singular) should be understood to refer to any one or more of the processors described in connection with Fig. 2, such as a single processor or a combination of multiple different processors. Reference to “one or more processors” should be understood to refer to any one or more of the processors described in connection with Fig. 2. For example, one or more processors of the network node 110 may include transmit processor 214, TX MIMO processor 216, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, and / or controller / processor 240. Similarly, one or more processors of the UE 120 may include MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, and / or controller / processor 280.
[0062] In some aspects, a single processor may perform all of the operations described as being performed by the one or more processors. In some aspects, a first set of (one or more) processors of the one or more processors may perform a first operation described as being performed by the one or more processors, and a second set of (one or more) processors of the one or more processors may perform a second operation described as being performed by the one or more processors. The first set of processors and the second set of processors may be the same set of processors or may be different sets of processors. Reference to “one or more memories” should be understood to refer to any one or more memories of a corresponding device, such as the memory described in connection with Fig. 2. For example, operation described as being performed by one or more memories can be performed by the same subset of the one or more memories or different subsets of the one or more memories.
[0063] For downlink communication from the network node 110 to the UE 120, the transmit processor 214 may receive data ( “downlink data” ) intended for the UE 120 (or a set of UEs that includes the UE 120) from the data source 212 (such as a data pipeline or a data queue) . In some examples, the transmit processor 214 may select one or more MCSs for the UE 120 in accordance with one or more channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from the UE 120. The network node 110 may process the data (for example, including encoding the data) for transmission to the UE 120 on a downlink in accordance with the MCS (s) selected for the UE 120 to generate data symbols. The transmit processor 214 may process system information (for example, semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI) ) and / or control information (for example, CQI requests, grants, and / or upper layer signaling) and provide overhead symbols and / or control symbols. The transmit processor 214 may generate reference symbols for reference signals (for example, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) , a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) , or a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) ) and / or synchronization signals (for example, a primary synchronization signal (PSS) or a secondary synchronization signals (SSS) ) .
[0064] The TX MIMO processor 216 may perform spatial processing (for example, precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (for example, T output symbol streams) to the set of modems 232. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a respective modulator component (shown as MOD) of a modem 232. Each modem 232 may use the respective modulator component to process (for example, to modulate) a respective output symbol stream (for example, for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) ) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 232 may further use the respective modulator component to process (for example, convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a time domain downlink signal. The modems 232a through 232t may together transmit a set of downlink signals (for example, T downlink signals) via the corresponding set of antennas 234.
[0065] A downlink signal may include a DCI communication, a MAC control element (MAC-CE) communication, an RRC communication, a downlink reference signal, or another type of downlink communication. Downlink signals may be transmitted on a PDCCH, a PDSCH, and / or on another downlink channel. A downlink signal may carry one or more transport blocks (TBs) of data. A TB may be a unit of data that is transmitted over an air interface in the wireless communication network 100. A data stream (for example, from the data source 212) may be encoded into multiple TBs for transmission over the air interface. The quantity of TBs used to carry the data associated with a particular data stream may be associated with a TB size common to the multiple TBs. The TB size may be based on or otherwise associated with radio channel conditions of the air interface, the MCS used for encoding the data, the downlink resources allocated for transmitting the data, and / or another parameter. In general, the larger the TB size, the greater the amount of data that can be transmitted in a single transmission, which reduces signaling overhead. However, larger TB sizes may be more prone to transmission and / or reception errors than smaller TB sizes, but such errors may be mitigated by more robust error correction techniques.
[0066] For uplink communication from the UE 120 to the network node 110, uplink signals from the UE 120 may be received by an antenna 234, may be processed by a modem 232 (for example, a demodulator component, shown as DEMOD, of a modem 232) , may be detected by the MIMO detector 236 (for example, a receive (Rx) MIMO processor) if applicable, and / or may be further processed by the receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and / or control information. The receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 239 (which may be a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or another type of data sink) and provide the decoded control information to a processor, such as the controller / processor 240.
[0067] The network node 110 may use the scheduler 246 to schedule one or more UEs 120 for downlink or uplink communications. In some aspects, the scheduler 246 may use DCI to dynamically schedule DL transmissions to the UE 120 and / or UL transmissions from the UE 120. In some examples, the scheduler 246 may allocate recurring time domain resources and / or frequency domain resources that the UE 120 may use to transmit and / or receive communications using an RRC configuration (for example, a semi-static configuration) , for example, to perform semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) or to configure a configured grant (CG) for the UE 120.
[0068] One or more of the transmit processor 214, the TX MIMO processor 216, the modem 232, the antenna 234, the MIMO detector 236, the receive processor 238, and / or the controller / processor 240 may be included in an RF chain of the network node 110. An RF chain may include one or more filters, mixers, oscillators, amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) , and / or other devices that convert between an analog signal (such as for transmission or reception via an air interface) and a digital signal (such as for processing by one or more processors of the network node 110) . In some aspects, the RF chain may be or may be included in a transceiver of the network node 110.
[0069] In some examples, the network node 110 may use the communication unit 244 to communicate with a core network and / or with other network nodes. The communication unit 244 may support wired and / or wireless communication protocols and / or connections, such as Ethernet, optical fiber, common public radio interface (CPRI) , and / or a wired or wireless backhaul, among other examples. The network node 110 may use the communication unit 244 to transmit and / or receive data associated with the UE 120 or to perform network control signaling, among other examples. The communication unit 244 may include a transceiver and / or an interface, such as a network interface.
[0070] The UE 120 may include a set of antennas 252 (shown as antennas 252a through 252r, where r ≥ 1) , a set of modems 254 (shown as modems 254a through 254u, where u ≥ 1) , a MIMO detector 256, a receive processor 258, a data sink 260, a data source 262, a transmit processor 264, a TX MIMO processor 266, a controller / processor 280, a memory 282, and / or a communication manager 140, among other examples. One or more of the components of the UE 120 may be included in a housing 284. In some aspects, one or a combination of the antenna (s) 252, the modem (s) 254, the MIMO detector 256, the receive processor 258, the transmit processor 264, or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be included in a transceiver that is included in the UE 120. The transceiver may be under control of and used by one or more processors, such as the controller / processor 280, and in some aspects in conjunction with processor-readable code stored in the memory 282, to perform aspects of the methods, processes, or operations described herein. In some aspects, the UE 120 may include another interface, another communication component, and / or another component that facilitates communication with the network node 110 and / or another UE 120.
[0071] For downlink communication from the network node 110 to the UE 120, the set of antennas 252 may receive the downlink communications or signals from the network node 110 and may provide a set of received downlink signals (for example, R received signals) to the set of modems 254. For example, each received signal may be provided to a respective demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of a modem 254. Each modem 254 may use the respective demodulator component to condition (for example, filter, amplify, downconvert, and / or digitize) a received signal to obtain input samples. Each modem 254 may use the respective demodulator component to further demodulate or process the input samples (for example, for OFDM) to obtain received symbols. The MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from the set of modems 254, may perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and may provide detected symbols. The receive processor 258 may process (for example, decode) the detected symbols, may provide decoded data for the UE 120 to the data sink 260 (which may include a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or an application executed on the UE 120) , and may provide decoded control information and system information to the controller / processor 280.
[0072] For uplink communication from the UE 120 to the network node 110, the transmit processor 264 may receive and process data ( “uplink data” ) from a data source 262 (such as a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or an application executed on the UE 120) and control information from the controller / processor 280. The control information may include one or more parameters, feedback, one or more signal measurements, and / or other types of control information. In some aspects, the receive processor 258 and / or the controller / processor 280 may determine, for a received signal (such as received from the network node 110 or another UE) , one or more parameters relating to transmission of the uplink communication. The one or more parameters may include a reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, a CQI parameter, or a transmit power control (TPC) parameter, among other examples. The control information may include an indication of the RSRP parameter, the RSSI parameter, the RSRQ parameter, the CQI parameter, the TPC parameter, and / or another parameter. The control information may facilitate parameter selection and / or scheduling for the UE 120 by the network node 110.
[0073] The transmit processor 264 may generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals, such as an uplink DMRS, an uplink sounding reference signal (SRS) , and / or another type of reference signal. The symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be precoded by the TX MIMO processor 266, if applicable, and further processed by the set of modems 254 (for example, for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM) . The TX MIMO processor 266 may perform spatial processing (for example, precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (for example, U output symbol streams) to the set of modems 254. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a respective modulator component (shown as MOD) of a modem 254. Each modem 254 may use the respective modulator component to process (for example, to modulate) a respective output symbol stream (for example, for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 254 may further use the respective modulator component to process (for example, convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain an uplink signal.
[0074] The modems 254a through 254u may transmit a set of uplink signals (for example, R uplink signals or U uplink symbols) via the corresponding set of antennas 252. An uplink signal may include a UCI communication, a MAC-CE communication, an RRC communication, or another type of uplink communication. Uplink signals may be transmitted on a PUSCH, a PUCCH, and / or another type of uplink channel. An uplink signal may carry one or more TBs of data. Sidelink data and control transmissions (that is, transmissions directly between two or more UEs 120) may generally use similar techniques as were described for uplink data and control transmission, and may use sidelink-specific channels such as a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) , a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) , and / or a physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH) .
[0075] One or more antennas of the set of antennas 252 or the set of antennas 234 may include, or may be included within, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays, among other examples. An antenna panel, an antenna group, a set of antenna elements, or an antenna array may include one or more antenna elements (within a single housing or multiple housings) , a set of coplanar antenna elements, a set of non-coplanar antenna elements, or one or more antenna elements coupled with one or more transmission or reception components, such as one or more components of Fig. 2. As used herein, “antenna” can refer to one or more antennas, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays. “Antenna panel” can refer to a group of antennas (such as antenna elements) arranged in an array or panel, which may facilitate beamforming by manipulating parameters of the group of antennas. “Antenna module” may refer to circuitry including one or more antennas, which may also include one or more other components (such as filters, amplifiers, or processors) associated with integrating the antenna module into a wireless communication device.
[0076] In some examples, each of the antenna elements of an antenna 234 or an antenna 252 may include one or more sub-elements for radiating or receiving radio frequency signals. For example, a single antenna element may include a first sub-element cross-polarized with a second sub-element that can be used to independently transmit cross-polarized signals. The antenna elements may include patch antennas, dipole antennas, and / or other types of antennas arranged in a linear pattern, a two-dimensional pattern, or another pattern. A spacing between antenna elements may be such that signals with a desired wavelength transmitted separately by the antenna elements may interact or interfere constructively and destructively along various directions (such as to form a desired beam) . For example, given an expected range of wavelengths or frequencies, the spacing may provide a quarter wavelength, a half wavelength, or another fraction of a wavelength of spacing between neighboring antenna elements to allow for the desired constructive and destructive interference patterns of signals transmitted by the separate antenna elements within that expected range.
[0077] The amplitudes and / or phases of signals transmitted via antenna elements and / or sub-elements may be modulated and shifted relative to each other (such as by manipulating phase shift, phase offset, and / or amplitude) to generate one or more beams, which is referred to as beamforming. The term “beam” may refer to a directional transmission of a wireless signal toward a receiving device or otherwise in a desired direction. “Beam” may also generally refer to a direction associated with such a directional signal transmission, a set of directional resources associated with the signal transmission (for example, an angle of arrival, a horizontal direction, and / or a vertical direction) , and / or a set of parameters that indicate one or more aspects of a directional signal, a direction associated with the signal, and / or a set of directional resources associated with the signal. In some implementations, antenna elements may be individually selected or deselected for directional transmission of a signal (or signals) by controlling amplitudes of one or more corresponding amplifiers and / or phases of the signal (s) to form one or more beams. The shape of a beam (such as the amplitude, width, and / or presence of side lobes) and / or the direction of a beam (such as an angle of the beam relative to a surface of an antenna array) can be dynamically controlled by modifying the phase shifts, phase offsets, and / or amplitudes of the multiple signals relative to each other.
[0078] Different UEs 120 or network nodes 110 may include different numbers of antenna elements. For example, a UE 120 may include a single antenna element, two antenna elements, four antenna elements, eight antenna elements, or a different number of antenna elements. As another example, a network node 110 may include eight antenna elements, 24 antenna elements, 64 antenna elements, 128 antenna elements, or a different number of antenna elements. Generally, a larger number of antenna elements may provide increased control over parameters for beam generation relative to a smaller number of antenna elements, whereas a smaller number of antenna elements may be less complex to implement and may use less power than a larger number of antenna elements. Multiple antenna elements may support multiple-layer transmission, in which a first layer of a communication (which may include a first data stream) and a second layer of a communication (which may include a second data stream) are transmitted using the same time and frequency resources with spatial multiplexing.
[0079] While blocks in Fig. 2 are illustrated as distinct components, the functions described above with respect to the blocks may be implemented in a single hardware, software, or combination component or in various combinations of components. For example, the functions described with respect to the transmit processor 264, the receive processor 258, and / or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be performed by or under the control of the controller / processor 280.
[0080] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture 300 in accordance with the present disclosure. One or more components of the example disaggregated base station architecture 300 may be, may include, or may be included in one or more network nodes (such one or more network nodes 110) . The disaggregated base station architecture 300 may include a CU 310 that can communicate directly with a core network 320 via a backhaul link, or that can communicate indirectly with the core network 320 via one or more disaggregated control units, such as a Non-RT RIC 350 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 360 and / or a Near-RT RIC 370 (for example, via an E2 link) . The CU 310 may communicate with one or more DUs 330 via respective midhaul links, such as via F1 interfaces. Each of the DUs 330 may communicate with one or more RUs 340 via respective fronthaul links. Each of the RUs 340 may communicate with one or more UEs 120 via respective RF access links. In some deployments, a UE 120 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 340.
[0081] Each of the components of the disaggregated base station architecture 300, including the CUs 310, the DUs 330, the RUs 340, the Near-RT RICs 370, the Non-RT RICs 350, and the SMO Framework 360, may include one or more interfaces or may be coupled with one or more interfaces for receiving or transmitting signals, such as data or information, via a wired or wireless transmission medium.
[0082] In some aspects, the CU 310 may be logically split into one or more CU user plane (CU-UP) units and one or more CU control plane (CU-CP) units. A CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with a CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 310 may be deployed to communicate with one or more DUs 330, as necessary, for network control and signaling. Each DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 340. For example, a DU 330 may host various layers, such as an RLC layer, a MAC layer, or one or more PHY layers, such as one or more high PHY layers or one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (which also may be referred to as a module) may be implemented with an interface for communicating signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 330, or for communicating signals with the control functions hosted by the CU 310. Each RU 340 may implement lower layer functionality. In some aspects, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU (s) 340 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 330.
[0083] The SMO Framework 360 may support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 360 may support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface, such as an O1 interface. For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 360 may interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) platform 390) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface, such as an O2 interface. A virtualized network element may include, but is not limited to, a CU 310, a DU 330, an RU 340, a non-RT RIC 350, and / or a Near-RT RIC 370. In some aspects, the SMO Framework 360 may communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, a 5G NR RAN, and / or a 6G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 380, via an O1 interface. Additionally or alternatively, the SMO Framework 360 may communicate directly with each of one or more RUs 340 via a respective O1 interface. In some deployments, this configuration can enable each DU 330 and the CU 310 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
[0084] The Non-RT RIC 350 may include or may implement a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, AI / ML workflows including model training and updates, and / or policy-based guidance of applications and / or features in the Near-RT RIC 370. The Non-RT RIC 350 may be coupled to or may communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 370. The Near-RT RIC 370 may include or may implement a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions via an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 310, one or more DUs 330, and / or an O-eNB with the Near-RT RIC 370.
[0085] In some aspects, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 370, the Non-RT RIC 350 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 370 and may be received at the SMO Framework 360 or the Non-RT RIC 350 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 350 or the Near-RT RIC 370 may tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 350 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and may employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions via the SMO Framework 360 (such as reconfiguration via an O1 interface) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 interface policies) .
[0086] As indicated above, Fig. 3 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 3.
[0087] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example 400 of a core network 405, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 4, example 400 may include a UE 120, a wireless communication network 100, and a core network 405. Devices and / or networks of example 400 may interconnect via wired connections, wireless connections, or a combination thereof.
[0088] The wireless communication network 100 may support, for example, a cellular RAT. The wireless communication network 100 may include one or more network nodes, such as base stations (e.g., base transceiver stations, radio base stations, node Bs, eNodeBs (eNBs) , gNodeBs (gNBs) , base station subsystems, cellular sites, cellular towers, access points, TRPs, radio access nodes, macrocell base stations, microcell base stations, picocell base stations, femtocell base stations, or similar types of devices) and other network nodes that can support wireless communication for the UE 120. The wireless communication network 100 may transfer traffic between the UE 120 (e.g., using a cellular RAT) , one or more network nodes (e.g., using a wireless interface or a backhaul interface, such as a wired backhaul interface) , and / or the core network 405. The wireless communication network 100 may provide one or more cells that cover geographic areas.
[0089] In some aspects, the core network 405 may include an example functional architecture in which systems and / or methods described herein may be implemented. For example, the core network 405 may include an example architecture of a 5G core network included in a 5G wireless telecommunications system. Although the example architecture of the core network 405 shown in Fig. 4 may be an example of a service-based architecture, in some aspects, the core network 405 may be implemented as a reference-point architecture and / or a 4G core network, among other examples.
[0090] As shown in Fig. 4, the core network 405 may include various functional elements. The functional elements may include, for example, a network slice selection function (NSSF) 410, a network exposure function (NEF) 415, an authentication server function (AUSF) 420, a unified data management (UDM) component 425, a policy control function (PCF) 430, an application function (AF) 435, an AMF 440, a session management function (SMF) 445, a user plane function (UPF) 450, a network repository function (NRF) 455, a network data analytics function (460) , and / or an analytics data repository function (ADRF) 465, among other examples. The various functional elements may be communicatively connected via a message bus 470. Each of the functional elements shown in Fig. 4 may be implemented on one or more devices associated with a wireless telecommunications system. In some implementations, one or more of the functional elements may be implemented on physical devices, such as an access point, a network node, and / or a gateway, among other examples. In some implementations, one or more of the functional elements may be implemented on a computing device of a cloud computing environment.
[0091] The NSSF 410 may include one or more devices that select network slice instances for the UE 120. Network slicing is a network architecture model in which logically distinct network slices operate using common network infrastructure. For example, several network slices may operate as isolated end-to-end networks customized to satisfy different target service standards for different types of applications executed, at least in part, by the UE 120 and / or communications to and from the UE 120. Network slicing may efficiently provide communications for different types of services with different service standards.
[0092] The NSSF 410 may determine a set of network slice policies to be applied at the wireless communication network 100. For example, the NSSF 410 may apply one or more UE route selection policy (URSP) rules. In some aspects, the NSSF 410 may select a network slice based on a mapping of a data network name (DNN) field included in a route selection description (RSD) to the DNN field included in a traffic descriptor selected by the UE 120. By providing network slicing, the NSSF 410 allows an operator to deploy multiple substantially independent end-to-end networks potentially with the same infrastructure. In some implementations, each slice may be customized for different services.
[0093] The NEF 415 may include one or more devices that support exposure of capabilities and / or events in the wireless telecommunications system to help other entities in the wireless telecommunications system discover network services. The AUSF 420 may include one or more devices that act as an authentication server and support the process of authenticating the UE 120 in the wireless telecommunications system.
[0094] The UDM 425 may include one or more devices that store user data and profiles in the wireless telecommunications system. In some aspects, the UDM 425 may be used for fixed access and / or mobile access, among other examples, in the core network 405.
[0095] The PCF 430 may include one or more devices that provide a policy framework that incorporates network slicing, roaming, packet processing, and / or mobility management, among other examples. In some aspects, the PCF 430 may include one or more URSP rules used by the NSSF 410 to select network slice instances for the UE 120.
[0096] The AF 435 may include one or more devices that support application influence on traffic routing, access to the NEF 415, and / or policy control, among other examples. The AMF 440 may include one or more devices that act as a termination point for non-access stratum (NAS) signaling and / or mobility management, among other examples. In some aspects, the AMF may request the NSSF 410 to select network slice instances for the UE 120 (e.g., at least partially in response to a request for data service from the UE 120) .
[0097] The SMF 445 may include one or more devices that support the establishment, modification, and release of communication sessions in the wireless telecommunications system. For example, the SMF 445 may configure traffic steering policies at the UPF 450 and / or enforce user equipment IP address allocation and policies, among other examples. In some aspects, the SMF 445 may provision the network slice instances selected by the NSSF 410 for the UE 120.
[0098] The UPF 450 may include one or more devices that serve as an anchor point for intra-RAT and / or inter-RAT mobility. In some aspects, the UPF 450 may apply rules to packets, such as rules pertaining to packet routing, traffic reporting, and / or handling user plane QoS, among other examples.
[0099] The NRF 455 may include one or more devices that serve as a repository or database for one or more network nodes. In some aspects, the NRF 455 may implement registration and / or discovery for various other network services. For example, various network functions may register services and capabilities with the NRF 455 upon initialization or when there is a change in the services and / or capabilities of a network function, which ensures that the NRF 455 always has an up-to-date view of the available services in the core network 405. In addition, the NRF 455 may aid network functions in discovering available services in the core network 405. For example, when a network function needs to interact with another network function, the NRF 455 may be queried to identify a most suitable instance of the desired network function.
[0100] The NWDAF 460 may include one or more devices that can analyze data collected from other network functions and UEs 120 and publish results to subscribing data analytics consumers. In some aspects, the NWDAF 460 may subscribe to uniquely identified events published by other network functions in order to acquire the data that the NWDAF 460 then analyzes and exposes to subscribers (e.g., other network functions) , which may use the analyzed data to modify operations and / or configurations in a wireless communication system, potentially in real time. In this way, a closed loop can be formed to continuously optimize the wireless communication system.
[0101] The ADRF 465 may include one or more devices that serve as a repository or database for data analytics services. For example, one or more instances of the ADRF 465 can be deployed in the core network 405 to store raw data or associated analytics that have been performed on the raw data. In some aspects, the NWDAF 460 can store, access, and delete data and / or analytics in the ADRF 465. In addition, the ADRF 465 can be configured to subscribe to event notifications to allow the ADRF 465 to automatically harvest data and / or associated data analytics.
[0102] The message bus 470 may be a logical and / or physical communication structure for communication among the functional elements. Accordingly, the message bus 455 may permit communication between two or more functional elements, whether logically (e.g., using one or more application programming interfaces (APIs) , among other examples) and / or physically (e.g., using one or more wired and / or wireless connections) .
[0103] The number and arrangement of devices and networks shown in Fig. 4 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional devices and / or networks, fewer devices and / or networks, different devices and / or networks, or differently arranged devices and / or networks than those shown in Fig. 4. Furthermore, two or more devices shown in Fig. 4 may be implemented within a single device, or a single device shown in Fig. 4 may be implemented as multiple, distributed devices. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of devices (e.g., one or more devices) of example 400 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of devices of example environment 400.
[0104] As indicated above, Fig. 4 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 4.
[0105] In some aspects, a registry system (e.g., the NRF 455, the NWDAF 460, the ADRF 465, the Non-RT RIC 350, the Near-RT RIC 370, an OAM device, or the like) may include a communication manager. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager may receive information that represents a mapping between a UE payload and a wireless communication parameter; register the mapping between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter, wherein the mapping is associated with an identifier; and provide the information that represents the mapping between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter in response to a retrieval request that includes the identifier associated with the mapping. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager X may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0106] The network node 110, the controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the UE 120, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, the CU 310, the DU 330, the RU 340, the Non-RT RIC 350, the Near-RT RIC 370, the NRF 455, the NWDAF 460, the ADRF 465, an OAM device, or any other component (s) of Figs. 1, 2, 3, or 4 may implement one or more techniques or perform one or more operations associated with two-sided wireless communication model development based on a central registry, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, any other component (s) of Fig. 2, the CU 310, the DU 330, the RU 340, the Non-RT RIC 350, the Near-RT RIC 370, the NRF 455, the NWDAF 460, the ADRF 465, or an OAM device may perform or direct operations of, for example, process 1300 of Fig. 13 or other processes as described herein (alone or in conjunction with one or more other processors) . The memory 242 may store data and program codes for the network node 110, the network node 110, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340. The memory 282 may store data and program codes for the UE 120. In some examples, the memory 242 or the memory 282 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions (for example, code or program code) for wireless communication. The memory 242 may include one or more memories, such as a single memory or multiple different memories (of the same type or of different types) . The memory 282 may include one or more memories, such as a single memory or multiple different memories (of the same type or of different types) . For example, the set of instructions, when executed (for example, directly, or after compiling, converting, or interpreting) by one or more processors of the network node 110, the UE 120, the CU 310, the DU 330, the RU 340, the Non-RT RIC 350, the Near-RT RIC 370, the NRF 455, the NWDAF 460, the ADRF 465, or an OAM device may cause the one or more processors to perform process 1300 of Fig. 13 or other processes as described herein. In some examples, executing instructions may include running the instructions, converting the instructions, compiling the instructions, and / or interpreting the instructions, among other examples.
[0107] In some aspects, a registry system (e.g., the NRF 455, the NWDAF 460, the ADRF 465, the Non-RT RIC 350, the Near-RT RIC 370, or an OAM device) includes means for receiving information that represents a mapping between a UE payload and a wireless communication parameter; means for registering the mapping between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter, wherein the mapping is associated with an identifier; and / or means for providing the information that represents the mapping between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter in response to a retrieval request that includes the identifier associated with the mapping. In some aspects, the means for the registry system to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of a communication manager, transmit processor 214, TX MIMO processor 216, modem 232, antenna 234, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, controller / processor 240, memory 242, and / or scheduler 246.
[0108] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example architecture of a functional framework for RAN intelligence enabled by data collection, in accordance with the present disclosure. In some scenarios, the functional framework for RAN intelligence may be enabled by further enhancement of data collection through use cases and / or examples. For example, principles or algorithms for RAN intelligence enabled by AI / ML and the associated functional framework (e.g., the AI functionality and / or the input / output of the component for AI enabled optimization) have been utilized or studied to identify the benefits of AI enabled RAN through possible use cases (e.g., beam management, energy saving, load balancing, mobility management, and / or coverage optimization, among other examples) . In one example, as shown by the architecture 500, a functional framework for RAN intelligence may include multiple logical entities, such as a model training host 502, a model inference host 504, data sources 506, and an actor 508.
[0109] The model inference host 504 may be configured to run an AI / ML model based on inference data provided by the data sources 506, and the model inference host 504 may produce an output (e.g., a prediction) with the inference data input to the actor 508. The actor 508 may be an element or an entity of a core network or a RAN. For example, the actor 508 may be a UE, a network node, base station (e.g., a gNB) , a CU, a DU, and / or an RU, among other examples. In addition, the actor 508 may also depend on the type of tasks performed by the model inference host 504, type of inference data provided to the model inference host 504, and / or type of output produced by the model inference host 504. For example, if the output from the model inference host 504 is associated with position determination, the actor 508 may be a UE, a DU or an RU. In some examples, the model inference host 504 may be hosted on the actor 508. For example, a UE may be the actor 508 and may host the model inference host 504. In some aspects, a UE (e.g., the actor 508) may be a data source 506. For example, the UE may perform a measurement (e.g., an NR measurement) , may input the measurement to the AI / ML model at the model inference host 504 (or may provide the measurement to the model inference host 504) , and may act based on an output of the AI / ML model (e.g., mapping the NR measurement to a precoder or precoding matrix and / or deriving a compressed representation of the precoder or precoding matrix to be provided in CSI feedback to a network node) .
[0110] After the actor 508 receives an output from the model inference host 504, the actor 508 may determine whether to act based on the output. For example, if the actor 508 is a UE and the output from the model inference host 504 is associated with position information, the actor 508 may determine whether to report the position information, reconfigure a beam, among other examples. If the actor 508 determines to act based on the output, in some examples, the actor 508 may indicate the action to at least one subject of action 510.
[0111] The data sources 506 may also be configured for collecting data that is used as training data for training an ML model or as inference data for feeding an ML model inference operation. For example, the data sources 506 may collect data from one or more core network and / or RAN entities, which may include the actor 508 or the subject of action 510, and provide the collected data to the model training host 502 for ML model training. In some aspects, the model training host 502 may be co-located with the model inference host 504 and / or the actor 508. For example, the actor 508 or the subject of action 510 may provide performance feedback associated with the beam configuration to the data sources 506, where the performance feedback may be used by the model training host 502 for monitoring or evaluating the ML model performance, such as whether the output (e.g., prediction) provided to the actor 508 is accurate. In some examples, the model training host 502 may monitor or evaluate ML model performance using a training position value, which may be provided by a node (e.g., a UE 120 or a network node 110) , as described elsewhere herein. In some examples, if the output provided by the actor 508 is inaccurate (or the accuracy is below an accuracy threshold) , then the model training host 502 may determine to modify or retrain the ML model used by the model inference host, such as via an ML model deployment / update.
[0112] As indicated above, Fig. 5 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 5.
[0113] Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example 600 of a UE and a network node using paired models to encode and decode CSI feedback, in accordance with the present disclosure. In example 600, the UE may communicate with the network node via a wireless network (e.g., wireless network 100) .
[0114] As described herein, ML models may be deployed on one or more devices in a wireless network (e.g., a network node and / or a UE) and may be configured to enhance various aspects of a wireless communication system. For example, an ML model may be trained to identify patterns or relationships in data corresponding to a network, a device, an air interface, or the like. An ML model may support operational decisions relating to one or more aspects associated with wireless communication devices, networks, or services. For example, an ML model may be utilized for supporting or improving aspects such as mobility management, signal coding / decoding, network routing, energy conservation, transceiver circuitry controls, frequency synchronization, timing synchronization, channel state estimation, channel equalization, channel state feedback, modulation, demodulation, device positioning, beamforming, load balancing, OAM functions, and / or security, among other examples.
[0115] Accordingly, as described herein, a RAN may support an AI / ML-based air interface, where a UE and a network node use trained AI / ML models to implement a function. For example, Fig. 6 illustrates a use case where trained AI / ML models are used when a UE conveys CSI feedback (e.g., a precoder, a precoding matrix, and / or a rank that the UE prefers, based on an observed channel, a CQI, and / or a channel matrix) to a network node. For example, as shown in Fig. 6, the UE may obtain channel measurements 605 (e.g., based on measurements associated with one or more CSI-RSs or other suitable signals) . As shown by reference number 610, the UE may then estimate a channel associated with the channel measurements 605. For example, the UE may obtain a channel estimate 615 that is represented as a matrix with entries associated with reception parameters for different frequencies and / or times as measured from one or more CSI-RSs or other suitable signals. As shown by reference number 620, the UE may calculate one or more CSI parameters 625 such as a precoder (or precoding matrix) associated with the channel estimate 615. For example, the UE may perform singular value decomposition (SVD) using the channel estimate to calculate the one or more CSI parameters 625. In some aspects, the UE may input the one or more CSI parameters 625 to an encoder. For example, as shown by reference number 630, the UE may use a UE-side model (e.g., a first neural network or other AI / ML model) or to derive compressed CSI feedback 635 (e.g., a compressed representation of the one or more CSI parameters 625) . As shown in Fig. 6, the compressed CSI feedback 635 may be transmitted to the network node, and the network node may use a network-side model 640 (e.g., a second neural network or other AI / ML model) to obtain one or more reconstructed CSI parameters 645 and / or other suitable wireless communication parameters from the compressed CSI feedback 635. For the reconstruction to be accurate, the UE-side model 630 and the network-side model 640 should be trained in a collaborative manner such that the compressed representation of the CSI feedback 635 that is created by the UE-side model 630 is interpreted and decoded correctly by the network-side model 640. In cases where this requirement is satisfied, the pair of models are considered to be compatible.
[0116] However, challenges may arise in training two-sided models in cases where the UE-side model 630 and the network-side model 640 are developed or otherwise controlled by different vendors. In such cases, the vendors may need to collaborate during training to ensure that the UE-side model 630 and network-side model 640 are compatible (e.g., the UE-side model 630 and network-side model 640 must both be implemented in accordance with a mapping (or codebook) between a UE payload, such as the compressed CSI feedback 635, and one or more wireless communication parameters that are mapped to the UE payload, such as a preferred precoding matrix, rank indicator, CQI, and / or channel matrix that the CSI feedback 635 represents) . For example, when the wireless communication parameter is a preferred precoding matrix, the UE payload corresponding to the preferred precoding matrix may be referred to as a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) , and the mapping between the UE payload and the precoding matrix represented by the UE payload may be referred to as a PMI mapping. One possible approach to ensure that the UE-side model 630 and network-side model 640 are compatible is to require that each pair of vendors collaborate offline in some manner to align various model training attributes to ensure that the resulting models are compatible. However, offline collaboration between every pair of vendors may not be feasible or scalable because every vendor of a network-side model 640 may not be able to collaborate with every vendor of a UE-side model 630 or vice versa. In some cases, a sequential training approach could be used to reduce the need for collaboration between different model vendors. For example, in a first step of the sequential training approach, a vendor that develops models for a first side (e.g., the UE-side or the network-side) may train a model first and define a mapping between a UE payload and a wireless communication parameter. In a second step, other vendors that develop models for the other side may then develop models that are compatible with the trained model based on the mapping between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter. However, even in the sequential training approach, each vendor that develops models based on the mapping implemented by the initially trained model may need to obtain the mapping in some form, which still requires vendor coordination outside standardized interfaces.
[0117] Various aspects relate generally to a scalable approach to develop two-sided wireless communication models (e.g., UE-side and network-side models) based on a central registry and using standardized interfaces. For example, in some aspects, a vendor may register a mapping between a UE payload and a wireless communication parameter with a central registry, which may include a core network device, an OAM entity, a RAN intelligent controller (RIC) , or the like. In some aspects, the registered mapping may be assigned a suitable identifier that can then be referenced for various purposes or use cases, such as developing compatible models, indicating a UE capability, and / or indicating a pairing for inferencing, among other examples. For example, a vendor that intends to develop an AI / ML model or another suitable model compatible with the registered mapping may query the central registry to retrieve information about the mapping that is needed to train or otherwise develop the compatible model. Furthermore, various aspects described herein relate to backhaul signaling to register the mapping with the central registry and to retrieve the mapping from the central registry using standardized interfaces, which may enable sequential training based on network-first model training and / or UE-first model training. In addition, various aspects described herein relate to testing compatibility between UE-side and network-side models that implement the registered mapping. In this way, some aspects described herein can be used to train and develop two-sided wireless communication models without requiring pairwise collaboration between UE-side and network-side vendors. Furthermore, because the mapping is registered with a central registry that is accessible via standardized interfaces, the two-sided wireless communication models can be developed and trained using sequential training techniques in an efficient and scalable manner.
[0118] As indicated above, Fig. 6 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 6.
[0119] Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example 700 associated with two-sided wireless communication model development based on a central registry, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 7, example implementation 700 includes a registry device 710, a first vendor device 720-1, a second vendor device 720-2, a first wireless device 730-1 associated with the first vendor device 720-1, and a second wireless device 730-2 associated with the first vendor device 720-2.
[0120] As shown in Fig. 7, and by reference number 740, the first vendor device 720-1 may register a mapping between a UE payload (e.g., a CSI feedback payload) and a wireless communication parameter (e.g., a precoding matrix, a rank, a channel quality, a channel matrix, or the like) with the registry device 710. For example, when the wireless communication parameter is a preferred precoding matrix, the UE payload corresponding to the preferred precoding matrix may correspond to a PMI, and the registered mapping between the UE payload and the precoding matrix represented by the UE payload may be a PMI mapping. In some aspects, the mapping may be represented as a dataset that includes various sample pairs (e.g., different representations of the UE payload and corresponding values of the wireless communication parameter, such as sample pairs of CSI feedback payloads and precoding matrixes) . Additionally, or alternatively, the mapping that is registered with the registry device may include an ML model that implements the mapping between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter. For example, in some aspects, the ML model may include a nominal model that provides an approximate implementation of the mapping between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter, an encoder (e.g., UE-side) model that implements a forward mapping (e.g. taking a precoding matrix or other wireless communication parameter value as an input and generating a CSI feedback payload or other UE payload as an output) , or a decoder (e.g., network-side) model that implements an inverse mapping (e.g. taking a CSI feedback payload or other UE payload as an input and generating a precoding matrix or other wireless communication parameter value as an output) . Additionally, or alternatively, the mapping may be represented as a mathematical expression, algorithm, or other suitable function that can transform the UE payload into the corresponding wireless communication parameter, or vice versa. Additionally, or alternatively, the mapping may be represented implicitly in the form of an API configured to perform functions related to the mapping between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter (e.g., to transform the UE payload into the corresponding wireless communication parameter, transform the wireless communication parameter into the corresponding UE payload, derive a gradient to enable ML model training, or the like) . Furthermore, in some aspects, the registered mapping may be associated with an identifier (e.g., a model identifier, a pairing identifier, and / or a dataset identifier) that may be referenced for developing compatible models, indicating a UE capability, indicating a pairing for inference, or the like.
[0121] As further shown in Fig. 7, and by reference number 742, the second vendor device 720-2 may retrieve the registered mapping between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter from the registry device 710. For example, in some aspects, the registered mapping may be requested using the identifier associated with the mapping. In this way, as shown by reference number 744, the second vendor device 720-2 may be used to obtain the registered mapping between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter, which can then be used to develop one or more AI / ML models that are compatible with the registered mapping. For example, if the registered mapping corresponds to an encoder model that implements a forward mapping, the compatible AI / ML model may include a decoder model that implements the inverse mapping. In other words, after the mapping has been registered with the registry device 710, other vendors may then retrieve the mapping to develop compatible models that implement the mapping. For example, in sequential network-first training, the first vendor device 720-1 may be associated with an infrastructure vendor or another suitable vendor that develops the mapping for a network node and then registers the mapping with the registry device 710, and the second vendor device 720-2 may be associated with a UE vendor or another suitable vendor that develops a compatible mapping for a UE using the mapping registered with the registry device 710. Alternatively, in sequential UE-first training, the first vendor device 720-1 may be associated with a UE vendor or another suitable vendor that develops the mapping for a UE and then registers the mapping with the registry device 710, and the second vendor device 720-2 may be associated with an infrastructure vendor or another suitable vendor that develops a compatible mapping for a network node using the registered mapping.
[0122] In some aspects, as described herein, example 700 may enable sequential network-first training, where the first vendor device 720-1 is associated with an infrastructure vendor or another suitable vendor that develops the mapping for a network node, and / or sequential UE-first training, where the first vendor device 720-1 is associated with a UE vendor or another suitable vendor that develops the mapping for a UE. As described herein, various network devices and / or network entities may be used to register and / or retrieve the mapping depending on whether the use case is network-first or UE-first training. For example, as described in further detail below with respect to Figs. 8A-8B, Figs. 9A-9B, Fig. 10, Figs. 11A-11B, and Fig. 12, the registry device 710 may correspond to one or more of an NRF device, an NWDAF device, an ADRF device, an OAM device, a Non-RT RIC, or a Near-RT RIC. In a use case for sequential network-first training, the mapping information may be registered by an AF device (e.g., via an NEF device) or network node associated with a RAN, and the NEF device, NWDAF device, and / or ADRF device may store the mapping information upon registration. Additionally, or alternatively, a network node may register the mapping with an OAM device and / or a Non-RT or Near-RT RIC. Additionally, or alternatively, an infrastructure vendor may provision a near-real-time application (xApp) that executes at timescales of less than one second in the Near-RT RIC, and / or a non-real-time application (rApp) that executes at timescales of greater than one second (e.g., several seconds, minutes, hours, or the like) in the Non-RT RIC, and the xApp / rApp may provide the mapping information to the corresponding RIC upon registration. Additionally, or alternatively, for sequential UE-first training, the mapping information may be registered by an AF device (e.g., via an NEF device) , and the NEF device, NWDAF device, and / or ADRF device may store the mapping information upon registration. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE vendor may provision an xApp in the Near-RT RIC and / or an rApp in the Non-RT RIC, and the xApp / rApp may provide the mapping information to the corresponding RIC upon registration. In some aspects, the mapping may then be retrieved from the NRF, NWDAF, ADRF, OAM device, and / or RIC via appropriate signaling, which is described in more detail below with respect to Figs. 8A-8B, Figs. 9A-9B, Fig. 10, Figs. 11A-11B, and Fig. 12.
[0123] In some aspects, as further shown in Fig. 7, and by reference numbers 746-1 and 746-2, the compatible models may be deployed for use on the first wireless device 730-1 and the second wireless device 730-2. As shown by reference number 748, the first wireless device 730-1 and the second wireless device 730-2 may then engage in wireless communication using the paired models that implement the mapping. For example, in sequential network-first training, where the mapping is registered by an infrastructure vendor, the first wireless device 730-1 may correspond to a network node, and the second wireless device 730-2 may correspond to a UE. Alternatively, in sequential UE-first training, where the mapping is registered by a UE vendor, the first wireless device 730-1 may correspond to a UE, and the second wireless device 730-2 may correspond to a network node. In this way, after a mapping has been registered with the registry device 710, other vendors may retrieve or otherwise obtain the mapping from the registry device 710 and develop compatible models that implement the mapping without any need for direct interaction between the UE-side and network-side vendors. Furthermore, because the models may be developed without direct interaction between the UE-side and network-side vendors, the compatibility of the paired models may be tested prior to deployment. For example, the compatibility of the paired models may be tested according to one or more test procedures that are defined in a wireless communication standard, industry protocol, or the like. Additionally, or alternatively, the testing can occur based on performance monitoring associated with the paired models. For example, in some aspects, a network node that uses a network-side model implementing the mapping may activate, at a UE, a UE-side model that implements the mapping (e.g., a model having an identifier associated with the mapping) . Accordingly, one or more network functions may then determine whether the UE-side model is compatible with the network-side model based on the resulting performance metrics associated with the UE-side and network-side models.
[0124] As indicated above, Fig. 7 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 7.
[0125] Figs. 8A-8B are diagrams illustrating examples 800A and 800B associated with a core network device registering a mapping to facilitate two-sided wireless communication model development, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Figs. 8A-8B, examples 800A and 800B include communication between various core network entities that may communicate via a wired or wireless backhaul. For example, Fig. 8A is a diagram illustrating a signaling flow that includes communication between an NRF device, an AF device, and an NEF device, and Fig. 8B is a diagram illustrating a signaling flow that includes communication between an NRF device, an AF device, an NEF device, and an NWDAF device.
[0126] As shown in Fig. 8A and Fig. 8B, reference number 805 corresponds to a mapping registration procedure in which the AF device registers a mapping between a UE payload (e.g., a CSI feedback payload) and a wireless communication parameter to enable sequential training or development of compatible UE-side and network-side models that implement the mapping. For example, in a UE-first sequential training use case, a device associated with a UE vendor may provide the mapping information to the AF device, and the AF device associated with the UE vendor may then register the mapping information with the NRF device. Alternatively, in a network-first sequential training use case, a device associated with an infrastructure vendor may provide the mapping information to the AF device, and the AF device associated with the infrastructure vendor may then register the mapping information with the NRF device.
[0127] For example, as shown in Fig. 8A, and by reference number 810, the AF device may communicate with the NEF device or the NRF device to request registration of the mapping information between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter. For example, in cases where the AF device is outside a trusted domain (e.g., a 3GPP trusted domain) , the AF device may communicate with the NEF device to request registration of the mapping information. Alternatively, in cases where the AF device is within a trusted domain (e.g., a 3GPP trusted domain) , the AF device may directly communicate with the NRF device to request registration of the mapping information. In either case, during the registration, the AF device may send, to the NEF device or the NRF device, the mapping information between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter, an identifier associated with the mapping information, an area identifier (e.g., a network node identifier, a registration area, a RAN notification area, or the like) , information associated with the vendor that is registering the mapping information, and one or more lists that indicate other vendors and / or AF devices that are allowed to access the mapping information and / or prohibited from accessing the mapping information.
[0128] As further shown in Fig. 8A, and by reference number 815, the NRF device may receive, from the NEF device (e.g., when the AF device is outside the trusted domain) or the AF device (e.g., when the AF device is within the trusted domain) , a message that includes a request to register the mapping information. For example, in some aspects, the message that includes the request to register the mapping information may be an Nnrf_NFManagement_NFUpdate_request message. As further shown in Fig. 8A, and by reference number 820, the NRF device may then store the mapping information. As further shown in Fig. 8A, and by reference number 825, the NRF device may then send a registration response message (e.g., an Nnrf_NFManagement_NFUpdate_response message) to the NEF device (e.g., when the AF device is outside the trusted domain) or the AF device (e.g., when the AF device is within the trusted domain) to acknowledge that the NRF device stored the mapping information and the various other attributes associated with the mapping information. As further shown in Fig. 8A, and by reference number 830, the NEF device may then send a message to the AF device to indicate that the mapping information was registered at the NRF device (e.g., in cases where the AF device is outside a trusted domain) . In this way, the mapping information may be stored at the NRF device and subsequently retrieved by other vendors to develop models compatible with the registered mapping.
[0129] Referring to Fig. 8B, example 800B illustrates a call flow that may be used to store the mapping information at an NWDAF device after the mapping information has been registered with the NRF device. For example, as shown in Fig. 8B, and by reference number 835, the NWDAF device may communicate with the NRF device to discover mapping information that has been registered by one or more AF devices for the purpose of sequentially training compatible models. For example, as shown by reference number 840, the NWDAF device may send a discovery request message (e.g., an Nnrf_NFDiscovery_Request_request message) to the NEF device to discover new or updated mappings registered at the NRF device. As further shown by reference number 845, the NRF device may send a discovery response message (e.g., an Nnrf_NFDiscovery_Request_response message) to the NWDAF device that may include the identifier or other suitable information associated with the mapping information registered by the AF device. In some aspects, the NWDAF device may then subscribe to the mapping information registered by the AF device and / or fetch or otherwise obtain the mapping information registered by the AF device using the identifier or other suitable information provided by the NRF device.
[0130] For example, as shown by reference number 850, the NWDAF device may send a message to request the mapping information to the NEF device (e.g., when the AF device is outside the trusted domain) or to the AF device (e.g., when the AF device is within the trusted domain) . For example, in some aspects, the message sent by the NWDAF device may be an Nnef_EventExposure_Subscribe message. In some aspects, as shown by reference number 855, the NEF device may then send a message to request the mapping information to the AF device (e.g., when the AF device is outside the trusted domain) . For example, in some aspects, the message sent from the NEF device to the AF device may be an Naf_EventExposure_Subscribe message. As shown by reference number 860, the AF device may return the mapping information to the NEF device (e.g., in an Naf_EventExposure_Notify message) in cases where the NEF requests the mapping information due to the AF device being outside the trusted domain. As further shown by reference number 865, the NWDAF device may then receive the mapping information (e.g., in an Nnef_EventExposure_Notify message) from the NEF device or the AF device, depending on whether the AF device is within or outside the trusted domain. As shown by reference number 870, the mapping information may then be stored at the NWDAF device and / or an ADRF device such that the mapping information can subsequently be retrieved from the NWDAF device and / or the ADRF device for other vendors to develop compatible models.
[0131] As indicated above, Figs. 8A-8B are provided as examples. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Figs. 8A-8B.
[0132] Figs. 9A-9B are diagrams illustrating examples 900A and 900B associated with a network node registering a mapping to facilitate two-sided wireless communication model development, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Figs. 9A-9B, examples 900A and 900B include communication between a network node associated with a RAN and various core network entities via a wired or wireless backhaul. For example, Fig. 9A is a diagram illustrating a signaling flow that includes communication between a network node, an NRF device, and an AMF device, and Fig. 9B is a diagram illustrating a signaling flow that includes communication between a network node, an AMF device, an NWDAF device, and an ADRF device.
[0133] As described herein, examples 900A and 900B illustrate procedures for a network node (e.g., a CU or a DU) to register hyperlocal mapping information, which may generally include a mapping between a UE payload and a wireless communication parameter for a specific context. For example, in some aspects, the specific context may include a geographical area, a specific UE category or capability, a mobility management context, a signal coding / decoding configuration, a network routing configuration, an energy conservation configuration, and / or any other suitable context that may be enhanced using trained AI / ML models. In general, a network-side portion of the hyperlocal mapping information may be trained at the network node, which may then register the hyperlocal mapping information with a core network device.
[0134] In some aspects, as shown by reference number 905 in Fig. 9A, the network node may register the hyperlocal mapping information at an NRF device. For example, as shown by reference number 910, the network node and the AMF device may exchange N2 signaling in which the network node provides the mapping information to the AMF device. For example, in some aspects, the network node may provide the mapping information between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter, an identifier associated with the mapping information, an area identifier (e.g., a network node identifier, a registration area, or a RAN notification area) , information associated with the vendor registering the mapping information, and / or one or more lists that indicate other vendors and / or AF devices allowed to access the mapping information and / or prohibited from accessing the mapping information.
[0135] As shown by reference number 915, the AMF device may then send, to the NRF device, a request to register the hyperlocal mapping information. For example, in some aspects, the request that the AMF device sends to the NRF device may be an Nnrf_NFProfile_register message that indicates the mapping information between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter, the identifier associated with the mapping information, the area identifier associated with the network node, information associated with the vendor that is registering the mapping information, and one or more lists that indicate other vendors and / or AF devices that are allowed to access the mapping information and / or prohibited from accessing the mapping information. As shown by reference number 920, the NRF device may then store the mapping information and the various other attributes associated with the mapping information. As shown by reference number 925, the NRF device may then send, to the AMF device, a registration response message (e.g., an Nnrf_NFProfile_register_Response message) to acknowledge that the mapping information has been registered and stored at the NRF device.
[0136] Additionally, or alternatively, Fig. 9B illustrates a procedure for the network node to register the hyperlocal mapping information at an NWDAF device and / or an ADRF device. For example, as shown by reference number 930, the network node and the AMF device may perform an NG setup procedure in which the network node indicates availability of the mapping information to the AMF device. As shown by reference number 935, the hyperlocal mapping information may then be registered at the NWDAF device and / or an ADRF device.
[0137] For example, as shown by reference number 940, the NWDAF device may send, to the AMF device, a request for the hyperlocal mapping information (e.g., in an Namf_EventExposure_Subscribe message) . As further shown by reference number 945, the AMF device may then send a request for the hyperlocal mapping information to the network node (e.g., in a RAN AI / ML mapping request) . As further shown by reference number 950, the network node may provide the mapping information to the AMF device. For example, in some aspects, the mapping information may be provided in a RAN AI / ML mapping response message that indicates the hyperlocal mapping between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter, the identifier associated with the hyperlocal mapping information, the area identifier, the information associated with the vendor registering the hyperlocal mapping information, and / or the one or more lists that indicate other vendors and / or AF devices allowed to access the mapping information and / or prohibited from accessing the hyperlocal mapping information. As shown by reference number 955, the AMF device may then provide the hyperlocal mapping information to the NWDAF device (e.g., in an Namf_EventExposure_Notify message) . As shown by reference number 960, the mapping information may then be stored at the NWDAF device and the ADRF device such that the mapping information can subsequently be retrieved from the NWDAF device and the ADRF device for other vendors to develop compatible models.
[0138] As indicated above, Figs. 9A-9B are provided as examples. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Figs. 9A-9B.
[0139] Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example 1000 associated with registering a mapping with an OAM device to facilitate two-sided wireless communication model development, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 10, example 1000 includes communication between a network node associated with a RAN and an OAM device via a wired or wireless backhaul.
[0140] As shown in Fig. 10, and by reference number 1005, the network node may send, to the OAM device, a request to register mapping information between a UE payload and a wireless communication parameter. For example, in some aspects, the network node may register the mapping information with the OAM device in cases where the network node trains a network-side model that implements the mapping information in a network-first sequential training approach. In some aspects, the network node may provide the mapping information to the OAM device using one or more standardized or proprietary interfaces, and the mapping information may indicate the relationship between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter, an identifier associated with the mapping information, an area identifier (e.g., a network node identifier, a registration area, or a RAN notification area) , information associated with the vendor that is registering the mapping information, and / or one or more lists that indicate other vendors and / or AF devices that are allowed to access the mapping information and / or prohibited from accessing the mapping information.
[0141] As further shown in Fig. 10, and by reference number 1010, the OAM device may then store the mapping information such that the mapping information can be used for the network-side model associated with two-sided models that implement the mapping. For example, in some aspects, the network-side model may be trained by the network node or by the OAM device using the mapping information registered by the network node.
[0142] As indicated above, Fig. 10 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 10.
[0143] Figs. 11A-11B are diagrams illustrating examples 1100A and 1100B associated with retrieving a mapping from a core network device to facilitate two-sided wireless communication model development, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Figs. 11A-11B, examples 1100A and 1100B include communication between various core network entities that may communicate via a wired or wireless backhaul. For example, Fig. 11A is a diagram illustrating a signaling flow that includes communication between an NRF device, an AF device, and an NEF device, and Fig. 11B is a diagram illustrating a signaling flow that includes communication between an AF device, an NEF device, an NWDAF device, and an ADRF device.
[0144] As shown in Fig. 11A, example 1100A illustrates a procedure for an AF device associated with an infrastructure vendor or a UE vendor to obtain information that represents a mapping between a UE payload (e.g., a CSI feedback payload) and a wireless communication parameter (e.g., a precoding matrix) from an NRF device. For example, as shown by reference number 1105, the AF device may send a request for the mapping information directly to the NRF device (e.g., if the AF device is within a trusted domain) , or to the NRF device via the NEF device (e.g., if the AF device is outside a trusted domain) . For example, in a UE-first sequential training use case, the AF device fetching, retrieving, or requesting the mapping information may be associated with an infrastructure vendor. Alternatively, in a network-first sequential training use case, the AF device fetching, retrieving, or requesting the mapping information may be associated with a UE vendor. In some aspects, the request for the mapping information may indicate the identifier associated with the requested mapping and / or other suitable attributes, such as an area identifier and / or information associated with the vendor that is requesting the mapping information.
[0145] As further shown in Fig. 11A, and by reference number 1110, the NRF device and the NEF device may perform an authentication procedure to determine whether the AF device is allowed to access the mapping information. For example, in some aspects, the AF device may be allowed to access the mapping information if the vendor that is requesting the mapping information appears in a list of vendors allowed to access the mapping information and / or does not appear in a list of vendors prohibited from accessing the mapping information. Alternatively, the AF device may be prohibited from accessing the mapping information if the vendor that is requesting the mapping information does not appear in the list of vendors allowed to access the mapping information and / or appears in the list of vendors prohibited from accessing the mapping information. In some aspects, as shown by reference number 1115, the NRF device may return the mapping information to the AF device (e.g., directly if the AF device is within a trusted domain, or via the NEF device if the AF device is outside a trusted domain) based on determining that the AF device is allowed to access the mapping information registered with the NRF device.
[0146] Additionally, or alternatively, referring to Fig. 11B, example 1100B illustrates a procedure for the AF device to obtain information that represents a mapping between a UE payload and a wireless communication parameter from an NWDAF device. For example, as shown by reference number 1120, the AF device may send a request for the mapping information directly to the NWDAF device (e.g., if the AF device is within a trusted domain) , or to the NWDAF device via the NEF device (e.g., if the AF device is outside a trusted domain) . As further shown in Fig. 11B, and by reference number 1125, the NWDAF device and the NEF device may then perform an authentication procedure to determine whether the AF device is allowed to access the mapping information. For example, in some aspects, the AF device may be allowed to access the mapping information if the vendor that is requesting the mapping information appears in a list of vendors allowed to access the mapping information and / or does not appear in a list of vendors prohibited from accessing the mapping information. Alternatively, the AF device may be prohibited from accessing the mapping information if the vendor that is requesting the mapping information does not appear in the list of vendors allowed to access the mapping information and / or appears in the list of vendors prohibited from accessing the mapping information.
[0147] In some aspects, as shown by reference number 1130, the NEF device may send, to the NWDAF device, a request to fetch or retrieve the mapping information (e.g., in an Nnwdaf_DataManagement_Fetch message or an Nnwdaf_DataManagement_Request message) based on determining that the AF device is allowed to access the mapping information registered with the NWDAF device. In some aspects, as shown by reference number 1135, the NWDAF device may then send a retrieval request associated with the mapping information to the ADRF device (e.g., an Nadrf_DataManagementRetrievalRequest message) . As shown by reference number 1140, the ADRF device may then send a retrieval response associated with the mapping information to the NWDAF device (e.g., an Nadrf_DataManagementRetrievalResponse message) , where the retrieval response may include the requested mapping information. Additionally, or alternatively, in cases where the mapping information is registered or stored at an OAM device (e.g., using the techniques described above with respect to Fig. 10) , the NWDAF device may retrieve the mapping information from the OAM device. In either case, as shown by reference number 1145, the NWDAF device may send a notification (e.g., an Nnwdaf_DataManagement_Notify message) to the NEF device indicating that the mapping information has been retrieved. As shown by reference number 1150, the NWDAF device may then return the mapping information to the AF device (e.g., directly if the AF device is within a trusted domain, or via the NEF device if the AF device is outside a trusted domain) based on the AF device being allowed to access the mapping information registered with the NWDAF device.
[0148] As indicated above, Figs. 11A-11B are provided as examples. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Figs. 8A-8B.
[0149] Fig. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example 1200 associated with registering a mapping with a RIC to facilitate two-sided wireless communication model development, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 12, example 1200 includes communication between a RIC and one or more applications executing on the RIC and / or between a RIC and a network node.
[0150] In some aspects, as described herein, the RIC may be a Near-RT RIC configured to run one or more near-real-time applications (xApps) that execute at timescales of less than one second. Alternatively, the RIC may be a Non-RT RIC configured to run one or more non-real-time applications (rApps) that execute at timescales of greater than one second (e.g., several seconds, minutes, hours, or the like) . For example, an xApp that executes at a timescale of less than one second may be an application that implements an algorithm to determine when a UE should be handed over from a source network node to a target network node, which may need to happen within a near-RT timescale to prevent the UE from losing connectivity. Alternatively, an application that configures the transmit power of a network node may operate at a longer timescale, because transmit power would typically change much more slowly (e.g., on the order of minutes or hours) , whereby transmit power optimization may be an example of a non-RT application or rApp. Accordingly, as described herein, UE vendors and / or infrastructure vendors can provision an xApp in a Near-RT RIC or an rApp in a Non-RT RIC, and the xApp / rApp may register a mapping between a UE payload and a wireless communication parameter. For example, as shown by reference number 1205, the xApp / rApp may provide the mapping information to the RIC during registration of the xApp / rApp, where the mapping information provided to the RIC may include the mapping information between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter, an identifier associated with the mapping information, an area identifier (e.g., a network node identifier, a registration area, or a RAN notification area) , information associated with the vendor that is registering the mapping information, and / or one or more lists that indicate vendors that are allowed to access the mapping information and / or prohibited from accessing the mapping information. In some aspects, as further shown by reference number 1210, the RIC may store the mapping information provided by the xApp / rApp. As further shown by reference number 1215, the RIC may then send a registration response message to the xApp / rApp to acknowledge that the mapping information has been registered.
[0151] Alternatively, in some aspects, a network node may register a mapping between a UE payload and a wireless communication parameter (e.g., in cases where the network-side model is trained by the network node) . For example, as shown by reference number 1220, the network node may provide the mapping information to the RIC (e.g., in an E2 setup message or a RIC subscription message) , where the mapping information provided to the RIC may include the mapping information between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter, an identifier associated with the mapping information, an area identifier (e.g., a network node identifier, a registration area, or a RAN notification area) , information associated with the vendor that is registering the mapping information, and / or one or more lists that indicate vendors that are allowed to access the mapping information and / or prohibited from accessing the mapping information. In some aspects, as further shown by reference number 1225, the RIC may store the mapping information provided by the network node.
[0152] In some aspects, after the mapping information has been registered at the RIC, another xApp or rApp may retrieve the mapping information from the RIC using a shared data layer (SDL) API. For example, in some aspects, the SDL API may be used to subscribe to the mapping database associated with the RIC or to fetch the mapping information from the mapping database associated with the RIC. Alternatively, a training API may be defined to enable the mapping information to be exchanged between a first xApp and a second xApp running on a Near-RT RIC and / or between a first rApp and a second rApp running on a Non-RT RIC.
[0153] As indicated above, Fig. 12 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 12.
[0154] Fig. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1300 performed, for example, at a registry system or an apparatus of a registry system, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 1300 is an example where the apparatus or the registry system (e.g., the NRF 455, the NWDAF 460, the ADRF 465, the Non-RT RIC 350, the Near-RT RIC 370, an OAM device, or the like) performs operations associated with two-sided wireless communication model development.
[0155] As shown in Fig. 13, in some aspects, process 1300 may include receiving information that represents a mapping between a UE payload and a wireless communication parameter (block 1310) . For example, the registry system (e.g., using reception component 1402 and / or communication manager 1406, depicted in Fig. 14) may receive information that represents a mapping between a UE payload and a wireless communication parameter, as described above.
[0156] As further shown in Fig. 13, in some aspects, process 1300 may include registering the mapping between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter, wherein the mapping is associated with an identifier (block 1320) . For example, the registry system (e.g., using communication manager 1406, depicted in Fig. 14) may register the mapping between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter, wherein the mapping is associated with an identifier, as described above.
[0157] As further shown in Fig. 13, in some aspects, process 1300 may include providing the information that represents the mapping between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter in response to a retrieval request that includes the identifier associated with the mapping (block 1330) . For example, the registry system (e.g., using transmission component 1404 and / or communication manager 1406, depicted in Fig. 14) may provide the information that represents the mapping between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter in response to a retrieval request that includes the identifier associated with the mapping, as described above.
[0158] Process 1300 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0159] In a first aspect, the UE payload includes a CSI feedback payload and the wireless communication parameter includes at least one of a precoding matrix, a rank, a channel quality, or a channel matrix.
[0160] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the information that represents the mapping includes a dataset that includes multiple sample pairs between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter.
[0161] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the information that represents the mapping includes an ML model.
[0162] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the ML model includes a nominal model configured to provide an approximate implementation of the mapping.
[0163] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the ML model includes an encoder model configured to generate a representation of the UE payload as an output in accordance with an input that includes a value of the wireless communication parameter.
[0164] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, the ML model includes a decoder model configured to generate a value of the wireless communication parameter as an output in accordance with an input that includes a representation of the UE payload.
[0165] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, the information that represents the mapping includes a mathematical expression or algorithm that provides a transformation between a representation of the UE payload and a value of the wireless communication parameter.
[0166] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, the information that represents the mapping includes an application program interface configured to perform functions related to the mapping between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter.
[0167] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, the registry system includes one or more of an NRF device, an NWDAF device, an ADRF device, or an OAM device.
[0168] In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, the information that represents the mapping is received from one or more of an AF device, an NEF device, an AMF device, or a network node associated with a RAN.
[0169] In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, the information that represents the mapping is provided to one or more of an NWDAF device, an AF device, or an NEF device.
[0170] In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eleventh aspects, the registry system includes a Near-RT RIC, the information that represents the mapping is received from a first xApp, and the information that represents the mapping is provided to a second xApp.
[0171] In a thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twelfth aspects, the registry system includes a Non-RT RIC, the information that represents the mapping is received from a first rApp, and the information that represents the mapping is provided to a second rApp.
[0172] In a fourteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through thirteenth aspects, process 1300 includes enabling use of one or more models that implement the mapping in a wireless network based at least in part on the one or more models passing a test procedure.
[0173] In a fifteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourteenth aspects, process 1300 includes enabling use, in a wireless network, of a first model that implements the mapping and a second model that implements the mapping, and monitoring one or more performance metrics that indicate whether the first model is compatible with the second model.
[0174] Although Fig. 13 shows example blocks of process 1300, in some aspects, process 1300 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 13. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1300 may be performed in parallel.
[0175] Fig. 14 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1400 for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 1400 may be a registry system, or a registry system may include the apparatus 1400. In some aspects, the apparatus 1400 includes a reception component 1402, a transmission component 1404, and / or a communication manager 1406, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and / or one or more other components) . As shown, the apparatus 1400 may communicate with another apparatus 1408, such as a UE, a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station) , a core network device, a RIC, or an OAM entity using the reception component 1402 and the transmission component 1404.
[0176] In some aspects, the apparatus 1400 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Fig. 7, Figs. 8A-8B, Figs. 9A-9B, Fig. 10, Figs. 11A-11B, and / or Fig. 12. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 1400 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 1300 of Fig. 13. In some aspects, the apparatus 1400 and / or one or more components shown in Fig. 14 may include one or more components of the registry system described herein (e.g., the NRF 455, the NWDAF 460, the ADRF 465, the Non-RT RIC 350, the Near-RT RIC 370, an OAM device, or the like) . Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig. 14 may be implemented within one or more components described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.
[0177] The reception component 1402 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 1408. The reception component 1402 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1400. In some aspects, the reception component 1402 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples) , and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 1400. In some aspects, the reception component 1402 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receive processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the registry system described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the reception component 1402 may receive or otherwise obtain communications from the apparatus 1408 via a wired or wireless backhaul interface.
[0178] The transmission component 1404 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 1408. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 1400 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 1404 for transmission to the apparatus 1408. In some aspects, the transmission component 1404 may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples) , and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1408. In some aspects, the transmission component 1404 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the registry system described herein. In some aspects, the transmission component 1404 may be co-located with the reception component 1402 in one or more transceivers. Additionally, or alternatively, the transmission component 1404 may transmit or otherwise provide communications to the apparatus 1408 via a wired or wireless backhaul interface.
[0179] The communication manager 1406 may support operations of the reception component 1402 and / or the transmission component 1404. For example, the communication manager 1406 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 1402 and / or transmission of communications by the transmission component 1404. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 1406 may generate and / or provide control information to the reception component 1402 and / or the transmission component 1404 to control reception and / or transmission of communications.
[0180] The reception component 1402 may receive information that represents a mapping between a UE payload and a wireless communication parameter. The communication manager 1406 may register the mapping between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter, wherein the mapping is associated with an identifier. The transmission component 1404 may provide the information that represents the mapping between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter in response to a retrieval request that includes the identifier associated with the mapping.
[0181] The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 14 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 14. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 14 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 14 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig. 14 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 14.
[0182] The following provides an overview of some Aspects of the present disclosure:
[0183] Aspect 1: A method for facilitating wireless communication model development, performed by a registry system, comprising: receiving information that represents a mapping between a UE payload and a wireless communication parameter; registering the mapping between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter, wherein the mapping is associated with an identifier; and providing the information that represents the mapping between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter in response to a retrieval request that includes the identifier associated with the mapping.
[0184] Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1, wherein the UE payload includes a CSI feedback payload and the wireless communication parameter includes at least one of a precoding matrix, a rank, a channel quality, or a channel matrix.
[0185] Aspect 3: The method of any of Aspects 1-2, wherein the information that represents the mapping includes a dataset that includes multiple sample pairs between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter.
[0186] Aspect 4: The method of any of Aspects 1-3, wherein the information that represents the mapping includes an ML model.
[0187] Aspect 5: The method of Aspect 4, wherein the ML model includes a nominal model configured to provide an approximate implementation of the mapping.
[0188] Aspect 6: The method of Aspect 4, wherein the ML model includes an encoder model configured to generate a representation of the UE payload as an output in accordance with an input that includes a value of the wireless communication parameter.
[0189] Aspect 7: The method of Aspect 4, wherein the ML model includes a decoder model configured to generate a value of the wireless communication parameter as an output in accordance with an input that includes a representation of the UE payload.
[0190] Aspect 8: The method of any of Aspects 1-7, wherein the information that represents the mapping includes a mathematical expression or algorithm that provides a transformation between a representation of the UE payload and a value of the wireless communication parameter.
[0191] Aspect 9: The method of any of Aspects 1-8, wherein the information that represents the mapping includes an application program interface configured to perform functions related to the mapping between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter.
[0192] Aspect 10: The method of any of Aspects 1-9, wherein the registry system includes one or more of an NRF device, an NWDAF device, an ADRF device, or an OAM device.
[0193] Aspect 11: The method of any of Aspects 1-10, wherein the information that represents the mapping is received from one or more of an AF device, an NEF device, an AMF device, or a network node associated with a RAN.
[0194] Aspect 12: The method of any of Aspects 1-11, wherein the information that represents the mapping is provided to one or more of an NWDAF device, an AF device, or an NEF device.
[0195] Aspect 13: The method of any of Aspects 1-12, wherein the registry system includes a Near-RT RIC, the information that represents the mapping is received from a first xApp, and the information that represents the mapping is provided to a second xApp.
[0196] Aspect 14: The method of any of Aspects 1-13, wherein the registry system includes a Non-RT RIC, the information that represents the mapping is received from a first rApp, and the information that represents the mapping is provided to a second rApp.
[0197] Aspect 15: The method of any of Aspects 1-14, further comprising: enabling use of one or more models that implement the mapping in a wireless network based at least in part on the one or more models passing a test procedure.
[0198] Aspect 16: The method of any of Aspects 1-15, further comprising: enabling use, in a wireless network, of a first model that implements the mapping and a second model that implements the mapping; and monitoring one or more performance metrics that indicate whether the first model is compatible with the second model.
[0199] Aspect 17: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more processors; one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-16.
[0200] Aspect 18: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-16.
[0201] Aspect 19: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 1-16.
[0202] Aspect 20: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-16.
[0203] Aspect 21: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-16.
[0204] Aspect 22: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising a processing system that includes one or more processors and one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors, the processing system configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-16.
[0205] Aspect 23: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-16.
[0206] The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the aspects.
[0207] As used herein, the term “component” is intended to be broadly construed as hardware or a combination of hardware and at least one of software or firmware. “Software” shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, or functions, among other examples, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. As used herein, a “processor” is implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and software. It will be apparent that systems or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms of hardware or a combination of hardware and software. The actual specialized control hardware or software code used to implement these systems or methods is not limiting of the aspects. Thus, the operation and behavior of the systems or methods are described herein without reference to specific software code, because those skilled in the art will understand that software and hardware can be designed to implement the systems or methods based, at least in part, on the description herein. A component being configured to perform a function means that the component has a capability to perform the function, and does not require the function to be actually performed by the component, unless noted otherwise.
[0208] As used herein, “satisfying a threshold” may, depending on the context, refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, or not equal to the threshold, among other examples.
[0209] As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a + b, a + c, b + c, and a + b + c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (for example, a + a, a + a + a, a + a + b, a + a + c, a + b + b, a + c + c, b + b, b + b + b, b + b + c, c + c, and c + c + c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c) .
[0210] No element, act, or instruction used herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described as such. Also, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Further, as used herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more items referenced in connection with the article “the” and may be used interchangeably with “the one or more. ” Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Where only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or similar language is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has, ” “have, ” “having, ” and similar terms are intended to be open-ended terms that do not limit an element that they modify (for example, an element “having” A may also have B) . Further, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based on or otherwise in association with” unless explicitly stated otherwise. Also, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be used interchangeably with “and / or, ” unless explicitly stated otherwise (for example, if used in combination with “either” or “only one of” ) . It should be understood that “one or more” is equivalent to “at least one. ”
[0211] Even though particular combinations of features are recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set.
Claims
1.A method for facilitating wireless communication model development, performed by a registry system, comprising:receiving information that represents a mapping between a user equipment (UE) payload and a wireless communication parameter;registering the mapping between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter, wherein the mapping is associated with an identifier; andproviding the information that represents the mapping between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter in response to a retrieval request that includes the identifier associated with the mapping.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the UE payload includes a channel state information (CSI) feedback payload and the wireless communication parameter includes at least one of a precoding matrix, a rank, a channel quality, or a channel matrix.3.The method of claim 1, wherein the information that represents the mapping includes a dataset that includes multiple sample pairs between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter.4.The method of claim 1, wherein the information that represents the mapping includes a machine learning model.5.The method of claim 4, wherein the machine learning model includes a nominal model configured to provide an approximate implementation of the mapping.6.The method of claim 4, wherein the machine learning model includes an encoder model configured to generate a representation of the UE payload as an output in accordance with an input that includes a value of the wireless communication parameter.7.The method of claim 4, wherein the machine learning model includes a decoder model configured to generate a value of the wireless communication parameter as an output in accordance with an input that includes a representation of the UE payload.8.The method of claim 1, wherein the information that represents the mapping includes a mathematical expression or algorithm that provides a transformation between a representation of the UE payload and a value of the wireless communication parameter.9.The method of claim 1, wherein the information that represents the mapping includes an application program interface configured to perform functions related to the mapping between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter.10.The method of claim 1, wherein the registry system includes one or more of a network repository function (NRF) device, a network data analytics function (NWDAF) device, an analytics data repository function (ADRF) device, or an operations, administration, and maintenance (OAM) device.11.The method of claim 1, wherein the information that represents the mapping is received from one or more of an application function (AF) device, a network exposure function (NEF) device, an access and mobility management (AMF) device, or a network node associated with a radio access network (RAN) .12.The method of claim 1, wherein the information that represents the mapping is provided to one or more of a network data analytics function (NWDAF) device, an application function (AF) device, or a network exposure function (NEF) device.13.The method of claim 1, wherein the registry system includes a near-real time (Near-RT) radio access network (RAN) intelligent controller (Near-RT RIC) , the information that represents the mapping is received from a first Near-RT application (xApp) , and the information that represents the mapping is provided to a second xApp.14.The method of claim 1, wherein the registry system includes a non-real time (Non-RT) radio access network intelligent controller (Non-RT RIC) , the information that represents the mapping is received from a first Non-RT application (rApp) , and the information that represents the mapping is provided to a second rApp.15.The method of claim 1, further comprising:enabling use of one or more models that implement the mapping in a wireless network based at least in part on the one or more models passing a test procedure.16.The method of claim 1, further comprising:enabling use, in a wireless network, of a first model that implements the mapping and a second model that implements the mapping; andmonitoring one or more performance metrics that indicate whether the first model is compatible with the second model.17.A registry system for wireless communication, comprising:one or more memories; andone or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, configured to cause the registry system to:receive information that represents a mapping between a user equipment (UE) payload and a wireless communication parameter;register the mapping between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter, wherein the mapping is associated with an identifier; andprovide the information that represents the mapping between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter in response to a retrieval request that includes the identifier associated with the mapping.18.The registry system of claim 17, wherein the UE payload includes a channel state information (CSI) feedback payload and the wireless communication parameter includes at least one of a precoding matrix, a rank, a channel quality, or a channel matrix.19.The registry system of claim 17, wherein the information that represents the mapping includes a dataset that includes multiple sample pairs between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter.20.The registry system of claim 17, wherein the information that represents the mapping includes a machine learning model.21.The registry system of claim 20, wherein the machine learning model includes a nominal model configured to provide an approximate implementation of the mapping.22.The registry system of claim 20, wherein the machine learning model includes an encoder model configured to generate a representation of the UE payload as an output in accordance with an input that includes a value of the wireless communication parameter.23.The registry system of claim 20, wherein the machine learning model includes a decoder model configured to generate a value of the wireless communication parameter as an output in accordance with an input that includes a representation of the UE payload.24.The registry system of claim 17, wherein the information that represents the mapping includes a mathematical expression or algorithm that provides a transformation between a representation of the UE payload and a value of the wireless communication parameter.25.The registry system of claim 17, wherein the information that represents the mapping includes an application program interface configured to perform functions related to the mapping between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter.26.The registry system of claim 17, wherein the registry system includes one or more of a network repository function (NRF) device, a network data analytics function (NWDAF) device, an analytics data repository function (ADRF) device, or an operations, administration, and maintenance (OAM) device.27.The registry system of claim 17, wherein the information that represents the mapping is received from one or more of an application function (AF) device, a network exposure function (NEF) device, an access and mobility management (AMF) device, or a network node associated with a radio access network (RAN) .28.The registry system of claim 17, wherein the information that represents the mapping is provided to one or more of a network data analytics function (NWDAF) device, an application function (AF) device, or a network exposure function (NEF) device.29.The registry system of claim 17, wherein the registry system includes a near-real time (Near-RT) radio access network (RAN) intelligent controller (Near-RT RIC) , the information that represents the mapping is received from a first Near-RT application (xApp) , and the information that represents the mapping is provided to a second xApp.30.The registry system of claim 17, wherein the registry system includes a non-real time (Non-RT) radio access network intelligent controller (Non-RT RIC) , the information that represents the mapping is received from a first Non-RT application (rApp) , and the information that represents the mapping is provided to a second rApp.31.The registry system of claim 17, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the registry system to:enable use of one or more models that implement the mapping in a wireless network based at least in part on the one or more models passing a test procedure.32.The registry system of claim 17, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the registry system to:enable use, in a wireless network, of a first model that implements the mapping and a second model that implements the mapping; andmonitor one or more performance metrics that indicate whether the first model is compatible with the second model.33.A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising:one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a registry system, cause the registry system to:receive information that represents a mapping between a user equipment (UE) payload and a wireless communication parameter;register the mapping between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter, wherein the mapping is associated with an identifier; andprovide the information that represents the mapping between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter in response to a retrieval request that includes the identifier associated with the mapping.34.An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:means for receiving information that represents a mapping between a user equipment (UE) payload and a wireless communication parameter;means for registering the mapping between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter, wherein the mapping is associated with an identifier; andmeans for providing the information that represents the mapping between the UE payload and the wireless communication parameter in response to a retrieval request that includes the identifier associated with the mapping.
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