Radio resource management relaxation for reduced capability user equipment in non-terrestrial networks
RedCap UEs in NTN environments optimize RRM procedures by relaxing measurement requirements based on criteria like distance and mobility thresholds, addressing power and complexity issues in NTN communications.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/077268
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-16
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-21
AI Technical Summary
Existing radio resource management (RRM) procedures for reduced capability (RedCap) user equipment (UEs) communicating with non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) are inadequate, leading to increased power consumption and complexity, as they are designed for terrestrial environments and do not account for the mobility of NTN devices.
RedCap UEs determine whether to relax RRM measurement requirements based on relaxation criteria, such as distance, mobility, and elevation angle thresholds, using system information messages to adjust RRM procedures for non-stationary NTN devices.
This approach reduces power consumption and complexity by optimizing RRM measurements for RedCap UEs in NTN environments, ensuring efficient communication while maintaining connectivity.
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Figure CN2024077268_21082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT RELAXATION FOR REDUCED CAPABILITY USER EQUIPMENT IN NON-TERRESTRIAL NETWORKSTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] This application relates generally to wireless communication systems, including systems, apparatuses, and methods for radio resource management (RRM) for reduced capability (RedCap) user equipment (UE) in non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) .BACKGROUND
[0002] Wireless mobile communication technology uses various standards and protocols to transmit data between a network device (e.g., a base station, a radio head, etc. ) and a wireless communication device. Wireless communication system standards and protocols can include, for example, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) long term evolution (LTE) (e.g., 4G) , 3GPP new radio (NR) (e.g., 5G) , and IEEE 802.11 standard for wireless local area networks (WLAN) (commonly known to industry groups as ) .
[0003] As contemplated by the 3GPP, different wireless communication systems standards and protocols can use various radio access networks (RANs) for communicating between a network device of the RAN (which may also sometimes be referred to generally as a RAN node, a network node, or simply a node) and a wireless communication device known as a UE. 3GPP RANs can include, for example, global system for mobile communications (GSM) , enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE) RAN (GERAN) , Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) , Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) , and / or Next-Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) .
[0004] Each RAN may use one or more radio access technologies (RATs) to perform communication between the network device and the UE. For example, the GERAN implements GSM and / or EDGE RAT, the UTRAN implements universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) RAT or other 3GPP RAT, the E-UTRAN implements LTE RAT (sometimes simply referred to as LTE) , and NG-RAN implements NR RAT (sometimes referred to herein as 5G RAT, 5G NR RAT, or simply NR) . In certain deployments, the E-UTRAN may also implement NR RAT. In certain deployments, NG-RAN may also implement LTE RAT.
[0005] A network device used by a RAN may correspond to that RAN. One example of an E-UTRAN network device is an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) Node B (also commonly denoted as evolved Node B, enhanced Node B, eNodeB, or eNB) . One example of an NG-RAN network device is a next generation Node B (also sometimes referred to as a g Node B or gNB) .
[0006] A RAN provides its communication services with external entities through its connection to a core network (CN) . For example, E-UTRAN may utilize an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) , while NG-RAN may utilize a 5G Core Network (5GC) .BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0007] To easily identify the discussion of any particular element or act, the most significant digit or digits in a reference number refer to the figure number in which that element is first introduced.
[0008] FIG. 1 shows an example wireless communication system, according to one or more aspects described herein.
[0009] FIGs. 2A-2B show example wireless communication systems, according to one or more aspects described herein.
[0010] FIG. 3 shows aspects of an example wireless communications system, according to one or more aspects described herein.
[0011] FIG. 4 shows aspects of an example wireless communications system, according to one or more aspects described herein.
[0012] FIG. 5 shows example method of wireless communication by a UE, according to one or more aspects described herein.
[0013] FIG. 6 shows another example method of wireless communication by a network device, according to one or more aspects described herein.
[0014] FIG. 7 illustrates an example architecture of a wireless communication system, according to embodiments described herein.
[0015] FIG. 8 illustrates an example system for performing signaling between a wireless device and a network device, according to embodiments described herein.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0016] Various embodiments are described with regard to a processor (e.g., baseband processor) , user equipment (UE) , a non-terrestrial network (NTN) device, a network device (e.g., a terrestrial network (TN) device) . However, reference to a UE or processor is merely provided for illustrative purposes. The example embodiments may be utilized with any electronic component that may establish a connection to a network and is configured with the hardware, software, and / or firmware to exchange information and data with a network. Therefore, the UE or processor as described herein is used to represent any appropriate electronic device.
[0017] In addition to utilizing TN devices (terrestrial base stations such as an eNB or a gNB) for wireless communications, cellular networks may use NTN devices. NTN devices may include various network devices operating above the surface of the Earth that provide communication resources to UEs (e.g., terrestrial, airborne, or on water) with a particular coverage area served by the NTN device. For example, an appropriately configured UE may communicate with an NTN device instead of a TN device, for example if the UE lacks coverage from a TN device. In some deployments, NTN devices are stationary relative to features on the ground, but other NTN devices move relative to the ground. Examples of stationary NTN devices include satellites in geosynchronous orbit (GSO or GEO) . Examples of moving NTN devices include high-altitude platforms (HAPS) , drones, and satellites in a low Earth orbit (LEO) , a medium Earth orbit (MEO) , or a polar orbit. UEs may operate on the surface of the Earth but may also operate above or below the surface, or on water, for example on or as part of an aircraft or ship.
[0018] A reduced capability (RedCap) device in a TN is generally a UE with a reduced capability set relative to other UEs. RedCap UEs may have reduced processing power, memory, or radio capabilities, making them especially suitable for use in low-cost devices, low-power or power-constrained applications, or in environments where full UE capabilities are unnecessary. RedCap UEs may further be characterized by fewer receive (Rx) and / or transmit (Tx) antennas, reduced use of bandwidth, lower power consumption, relaxed (e.g., slower) data rates, relaxed processing times, relaxed processing capabilities, and so on. Specific use cases for RedCap UEs include for industrial wireless sensors, video surveillance, and wearables, such as a watches (e.g., smartwatches) , headsets (e.g., virtual reality (VR) or augmented reality (AR) headsets) , rings, and the like. RedCap UEs may make use of extended discontinuous reception (DRX) in a radio resource control (RRC) idle state or inactive state, or relaxed radio resource management (RRM) measurements for neighboring cells (e.g., in a stationary state, or when not at a cell edge) .
[0019] UEs communicating with a network may enter into or leave the coverage area of NTN devices. Such UEs need to perform various radio resource management (RRM) -related tasks to ensure continuous connectivity as the UE moves relative to the cellular network. Such RRM-related tasks include measuring neighboring cells (e.g., cells served by neighboring NTN devices) as potential target serving cells for handover from a current serving cell (e.g., the serving cell of a TN or NTN device) . For RRM, a UE tunes various electrical components of the UE away from the bandwidth that the UE is using to communicate with the current serving cell to the bandwidth (s) used by neighboring cells in order to measure those neighboring cells. During such time, the UE is typically unable to receive any channel or signal from the current serving cell. Upon completion of the measurements, the UE retunes to the bandwidth of the current serving cell. In order to provide the UE time to tune, measure, then retune, the UE is configured by the network with measurement gaps where the UE does not expect or perform communications with the current serving cell. The configured measurement gap resources depend on, among other things, the capabilities of the UE and bandwidth part (BWP) used for communication, and may be periodic.
[0020] Increasingly, it may be desirable to support RedCap UEs to wirelessly communicate with NTN devices in a network. However, a goal of a RedCap UE is typically reduced power, and communications with an NTN device may increase power consumption and complexity of the RedCap UE. For example, RRM-related tasks can significantly increase power consumption. As such, RRM procedures for a RedCap UE may have relaxed requirements relative to the RRM procedures performed by regular (non-RedCap) UEs. For RedCap UEs operating in a terrestrial environment, for example served by TN devices, current RRM procedures for RedCap UEs may be adequate. However, for RedCap UEs that are being served by NTN devices or otherwise communicating with NTN devices, these existing RRM procedures may be inadequate or otherwise undesirable in the context of NTN device communications.
[0021] Techniques utilizing relaxed RRM procedures for RedCap UEs performing NTN communications are further described herein. A RedCap UE can establish a wireless connection with an NTN device or a TN device (e.g., via a serving cell of the NTN or TN device, such as a satellite or terrestrial base station) . The UE can receive, from the network device, configuration signaling that provides an RRM configuration for the UE to use to measure neighboring NTN devices, where the RRM configuration includes a set of measurement requirements for the RRM measurements. As further described herein, these NTN devices may be non-stationary. Using one or more relaxation criteria, the UE can determine whether to relax one or more of the measurement requirements for the non-stationary NTN devices. If the relaxation criteria is met, then the UE relaxes the measurement requirements for those non-stationary NTN devices. If the relaxation criteria are not met, then the UE does not relax the measurement requirements for the non-stationary NTN devices, and uses the same measurement requirements that would otherwise apply for RRM measurement (e.g., for non-RedCap UEs) . Various enhancements applicable to RedCap UEs performing RRM measurements of non-stationary NTN devices are described herein.
[0022] FIG. 1 shows an example wireless communications system 100, according to one or more aspects described herein. In one or more embodiments, wireless communications system 100 supports one or more aspects of RRM relaxation for RedCap UE in NTNs, as further described herein.
[0023] Wireless communications system 100 includes one or more UEs 102 that may be being served by (e.g., has an established radio resource control (RRC) connection with) a TN device 104 via communication link 120 or an NTN device 106 via communication link 130. Coverage area 110 is the service area for the RF spectrum band utilized by NTN device 106 serving the UE 102 (e.g., a cell or serving cell, which may include multiple cells) . A coverage area the same as coverage area 110 or different (not shown) , is the service area for the RF spectrum band utilized by TN device 104 serving the UE 102 (e.g., a cell or serving cell of the TN device 104, which may include multiple cells) .
[0024] To support UE mobility (e.g., via RRM) as a UE moves relative to coverage areas of the network, network devices transmit reference signals that can be monitored for (e.g., listened for) , received by, and measured by UEs. In one or more embodiments, the reference signals are SSBs. Wireless communications system 100 includes, for UE 102, at least one neighboring NTN device 108 having a corresponding neighbor cell corresponding to a coverage area 112. The neighboring NTN device 108 transmits reference signals 142 (e.g., SSBs) in support of RRM (e.g., among other purposes and uses) . Wireless communications system 100 can include one or more additional NTN devices (not shown) , which may also transmit reference signals, such as SSBs, that may be received and measured by the UE 102, for example, while UE 102 is being served by one or more of TN device 104 or NTN device 106. One or more both the NTN device 106 or neighboring NTN device 108 are non-stationary (moving) NTN devices, as further described herein, for example having an orbital path 114 relative to the Earth, whether providing Earth fixed cells or Earth moving cells.
[0025] In order to support RRM measurements, the network provides the UE 102 with a RRM measurement configuration 122. The RRM measurement configuration 122 can be provided via the NTN device 106 or the TN device 104, for example depending on which network device is serving the UE 102. The RRM measurement configuration 122 includes various parameters that support RRM measurements and reporting, including one or more parameters for a measurement object, reporting configuration, measurement identities, quantity configurations, and measurement gap configuration. The measurement object can identify the entity or target for measurement, such as a cell or neighbor cell, including cells of neighboring NTN devices 108 (which may also be referred to as neighboring cells) . The measurement object can include time and frequency locations to measure, as well as the subcarrier spacing of reference signal to be measured, identifiers for the cell to be measured. The report configuration can include reporting criteria, a reference signal type to be measured (e.g., synchronization signal blocks (SSB) , channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) , or another signal or reference signal type) , and a reporting format for the measurements. The measurement identity links a measurement object to a reporting format. The quantity configuration describes the filter coefficients for filtering of the measurements (e.g., layer 3 filtering) . The measurement gap configuration defines time periods during which that UE 102 may perform RRM measurements, that is, where the UE 102 does not expect uplink nor downlink transmissions to be scheduled or performed. The RRM measurement configuration 122, for UE 102, includes measurement objects that include one or more cells of neighboring or target NTN devices.
[0026] In one or more embodiments, an NTN device 106 and / or neighboring NTN device 108 transmits, and UE 102 receives, a system information message 124 that provides NTN-specific parameters for serving cells and / or neighboring cells. The system information message 124 may be a system information block type 19 (SIB19) . In one or more embodiments, the system information message 124 provides an indication of one or more of the thresholds discussed herein, including one or more of a distance threshold, a distance different threshold, an elevation angle threshold, a speed threshold, a Doppler shift threshold, or a service time threshold associated with the relaxation criterion. In one or more embodiments, the system information message 124 also includes a reference location of a cell that is an Earth fixed cell (e.g., a cell provided via an NTN quasi-Earth fixed system) , and a service time for the cell. For example, an NTN device in an Earth fixed (e.g. quasi-earth fixed) system may have an orbit that allows for the NTN device to serve the cell for a limited time before the orbit of the NTN device make service no longer possible. The system information message 124 can also contain satellite assistance information, including one or more of ephemeris data, common timing advance parameters, a koffset, validity duration for an uplink synchronization epoch time, cell reference location, and cell stop time.
[0027] To perform RRM measurements according to the RRM measurement configuration 122, the UE 102 listens for (monitors for, prepares a receive chain to receive) reference signals 142 transmitted by the neighboring NTN device 108. When performing RRM measurements, being a RedCap UE communicating with a non-stationary NTN device, the UE 102 determines whether to relax one or more of the measurement requirements associated with the RRM measurement configuration 122. An example of relaxing a measurement requirement includes scaling one or more of a detection time, a measurement time, or an evaluation time indicated by the RRM measurement configuration 122 according to a scaling factor as a result of the relaxation criterion being satisfied (met, fulfilled, exceeded) . In some embodiments, the detection time identifies a minimum time within which the UE 102 performs a detection procedure to detect cells of neighboring NTN devices. In some embodiments, the measurement time identifies a minimum time within which the UE 102 power (e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP) ) or quality (e.g., reference signal received quality (RSRQ) ) for the cells. In some embodiments, the evaluation time identifies a minimum time within which the UE 102 evaluate whether certain reselection criteria have been met for cells of neighboring NTN devices.
[0028] In some examples, reference signals 142 are SSBs. In other examples, reference signals 142 are CSI-RSs. In yet other examples, reference signals 142 are another signal type transmitted by the neighboring NTN device 108, such as a demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) or physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) signals, or a combination of different reference signal types.
[0029] As a result of performing RRM measurements, including according to the RRM measurement configuration 122, the UE 102 prepares and provides an RRM measurement report 126. The UE 102 transmits the RRM measurement report 126 to the serving cell of UE 102 provided by the TN device 104 or NTN device 106.
[0030] FIG. 2A shows an example wireless communications system 201, according to one or more aspects described herein. In one or more embodiments, wireless communications system 201 supports one or more aspects of RRM relaxation for RedCap UE in NTNs, as further described herein.
[0031] Wireless communications system 201 includes NTN devices, including at least an NTN device 106 that provides a serving cell to the UE 102 that is a RedCap UE within a coverage area 210, as well as one or more neighboring NTN devices 108 (such as an NTN device 108-aand NTN device 108-b) that provide serving cells operating in a coverage area 212 (including coverage area 212-aand 212-b for the NTN device 108-aand the NTN device 108-b, respectively) . As illustrated for wireless communications system 201, each of NTN device 106 and NTN device 108 are moving (non-stationary) with reference to Earth. As such, for a movement 220 of the NTN devices (including NTN device 106, NTN device 108-a, and NTN device 108-b) from an initial time t0 to a first time t1, there is a corresponding movement 222 of the Earth moving cells from t0 to t1.
[0032] Wireless communications system 201 includes one or more UEs 102 that may be being served by (e.g., has an established RRC connection with) the NTN device 106 that provides the serving cell to the UE 102. As previously noted, UE 102 may alternatively, or additionally, be served by one or more TN devices, and still have neighboring NTN devices 108 to measure for RRM. In one or more embodiments, the UE 102 can have previously received an RRM configuration. According to one or more embodiments, the UE 102 can determine to not relax the set of measurement requirements based at least in part on cells of the non-stationary NTN devices being Earth moving cells. For example, if the serving cell is covered by a LEO satellite, or Earth moving cell, the UE 102 does not perform any neighbor cell RRM relaxation. In some embodiments, an indication that the cells are Earth moving cells are received by the UE 102 via a system information message (e.g., SIB19) that includes information about the neighboring NTN devices 108, including that they serve Earth moving cells.
[0033] FIG. 2B shows an example wireless communications system 202, according to one or more aspects described herein. In one or more embodiments, wireless communications system 202 supports one or more aspects of RRM relaxation for RedCap UE in NTNs, as further described herein.
[0034] Wireless communications system 202 includes NTN devices, including at least an NTN device 106 that provides a serving cell to the UE 102 that is a RedCap UE within a coverage area 210, as well as one or more neighboring NTN devices 108 (such as an NTN device 108-aand NTN device 108-b) that provide serving cells operating in a coverage area 212 (including coverage area 212-aand 212-b for the NTN device 108-aand the NTN device 108-b, respectively) . As illustrated for wireless communications system 202, each of NTN device 106 and NTN device 108 are moving (non-stationary) with reference to Earth. However, during operation, each of NTN device 106 and NTN device 108 can adjust a service beam 230 to result in a coverage area for a serving cell remaining approximately stationary (fixed, not moving) with reference to Earth. Such cells may also be referred to as quasi-fixed or quasi-stationary, and be approximately fixed with respect to the Earth. For example, different elevation angles of the service beam can result in broadening or narrowing of the service beam 230, affecting the shape of the service beam 230 with reference to Earth.
[0035] For a movement 224 of NTN device 106 (including similarly for neighboring NTN device 108-aand neighboring NTN device 108-b) from an initial time t0 to a first time t1, there is a corresponding adjustment of the service beam 230 from t0 to t1 to maintain the coverage area 210. And, for a further movement 226 of NTN device 106 (including similarly for neighboring NTN device 108-aand neighboring NTN device 108-b) from the first time t1 to a second time t2, there is a corresponding adjustment of the service beam 230 from t1 to t2 to maintain the coverage area 210. At some time following t2, the NTN device 106 may no longer be able to maintain the coverage area 210, and switch to serving a new coverage area (e.g., coverage area 212-a) , and a different NTN device 106 (e.g. neighboring NTN device 108-b) may switch to provide service to the coverage area 210.
[0036] Wireless communications system 202 includes one or more UEs 102 that may be being served by (e.g., has an established RRC connection with) the NTN device 106 that provides the serving cell to the UE 102. As previously noted, UE 102 may alternatively, or additionally, be served by one or more TN devices, and still have neighboring NTN devices 108 to measure for RRM. In one or more embodiments, the UE 102 can have previously received an RRM configuration. According to one or more embodiments, the UE 102 can determine to relax the set of measurement requirements based at least in part on cells of the non-stationary NTN devices being Earth fixed cells. For example, if the neighbor cell is an Earth fixed cell with a LEO satellite, RRM (e.g., measurement requirements for RRM) can be relaxed for that neighbor cell. In some embodiments, an indication that the cells are Earth fixed cells are received by the UE 102 via a system information message (e.g., SIB19) that includes information about the neighboring NTN devices 108, including that they serve Earth fixed cells. For example, an Earth fixed cell with LEO satellite information can be in a SIB19.
[0037] FIG. 3 shows aspects of an example wireless communications system 300, according to one or more aspects described herein. In one or more embodiments, wireless communications system 300 supports one or more aspects of RRM relaxation for RedCap UE in NTNs, as further described herein. Wireless communications system 300 may be an example or contain aspects of one of wireless communications system 100, wireless communications system 201, or wireless communications system 202, for example, by including NTN devices that are moving (non-stationary, such as LEO satellites) with Earth fixed cells or Earth moving cells.
[0038] Wireless communications system 300 includes a UE 102 that is a RedCap UE, NTN device 106, and one or more neighboring NTN devices 108 (such as an NTN device 108-aand NTN device 108-b) . Wireless communications system 300 also includes a set of positioning satellites 302, which may also be referred to as a constellation, transmitting the positioning signals 304. The set of positioning satellites 302 can be of any appropriate satellite-based radio navigation system, which may also be referred to as or be a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) , examples of which include Global Positioning System (GPS) , Globalnaya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS) , Beidou, or Galileo. In some cases, positioning signals may be provided or supplemented by one or more regional satellite navigation systems, such as the Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC) system.
[0039] According to some techniques, determining whether a low mobility criterion and / or a stationary status criterion is met (satisfied) is decided using signal power (e.g., RSRP) and / or signal quality (e.g., RSRQ) measurements, and in particular by measuring the variance of the signal power and / or signal quality over a time period. However, in wireless communication systems using non-stationary NTN devices, this approach may be problematic, for example because the measurement signal may change quickly as the NTN device moves (e.g., a LEO satellite) , even if the UE is stationary or moving slowly. For example, if a LEO satellite is being measured, the channel will change dynamically, and the measurement result will be varied quickly. As such, the obtained measurements relate not only to the UE, but to both a UE and the NTN device. However, the location of the UE 102 is stable (e.g., stable relative to the NTN device) . As further described below, position information for the UE 102 and / or distance information can be used to determine whether a relaxation criterion is met to relax the RRM measurement requirements, and in particular whether a not-at-cell edge criterion (atype of relaxation criterion) is met.
[0040] In one or more embodiments, where a cell is an Earth fixed cell (e.g., coverage area 310 is stable, or stable relative to an Earth moving cell, for example as described with reference to wireless communications system 202) , the UE 102 may use coverage information of a current serving cell (e.g., whether TN or NTN) and UE GNSS information to decide whether the not-at-cell edge criterion is met, or not. UE 102 can determine a position of the UE 102 based on the positioning signals 304. Using a distance threshold 314 from the center 312 of the coverage area 310, the UE 102 can then determine whether the not-at-cell edge criterion is met. As illustrated for UE 102, UE 102 has satisfied the not-at-cell edge criterion by being a distance 316 less than or equal to the distance threshold 314, and UE 102 can determine that the measurement requirements can be relaxed for RRM. Where UE 102 is beyond the distance threshold (e.g., because the distance 316 is greater than or equal to the distance threshold 314) , then the not-at-cell edge criterion is not met (failed to be satisfied) , and UE 102 can determine that the measurement requirements are not to be relaxed for RRM.
[0041] In one or more embodiments, where a cell is an Earth moving cell (e.g., coverage area 310 is non-stationary, for example as described with reference to wireless communications system 201) , the UE 102 may also use coverage information of a current serving cell (e.g., whether TN or NTN) and UE GNSS information to decide whether the not-at-cell edge criterion is met, or not. UE 102 can determine a position of the UE 102 based on the positioning signals 304. The center 312 of the cell (e.g., coverage area 310) is moving. Because the moving path of the NTN device 106 is known (e.g., from Ephemeris data) , and thus the position of the center 312 at a particular time, UE 102 can predict in which time period the UE 102 will still be in the not-at-cell edge area (e.g., the area formed by the distance threshold 314) . As such, using the distance threshold 314 from the center 312 of the coverage area 310, the UE 102 can then determine whether the not-at- cell edge criterion is met When the not-at-cell edge criterion is met, UE 102 can determine that the measurement requirements can be relaxed for RRM. When the not-at-cell edge criterion is not met, UE 102 can determine that the measurement requirements are not to be relaxed for RRM.
[0042] In some embodiments, the distance threshold 314 can be provided to the UE 102 in a system information message (e.g., SIB) , as further described herein.
[0043] In one or more embodiments, a distance 320 between the serving satellite and UE GNSS can be used to decide whether the not-at-cell edge criterion is met, or not. In some embodiments, the cells may be either Earth fixed cells or Earth moving cells. A distance 320 between the UE 102 and NTN device 106 serving the UE 102 is used to determine whether the not-at-cell edge criterion is met, or not. In some embodiments, UE 102 determines a first position of the UE 102 from the positioning signals 304 and a second position of the NTN device 106 from Ephemeris data for NTN device 106, then determines the distance 320 as between the first position and the second position. UE 102 has satisfied the not-at-cell edge criterion by being a distance 320 less than or equal to a distance threshold, and UE 102 can determine that the measurement requirements can be relaxed for RRM. Where UE 102 is beyond the distance threshold (e.g., because the distance 320 is greater than or equal to the distance threshold) , then the not-at-cell edge criterion is not met (failed to be satisfied) , and UE 102 can determine that the measurement requirements are not to be relaxed for RRM. In some embodiments, the distance threshold for the distance to the serving NTN device can be provided to the UE 102 in a system information message (e.g., SIB) , as further described herein.
[0044] In one or more embodiments, a distance 330 between the neighbor satellite and UE GNSS can be used to decide whether the not-at-cell edge criterion is met, or not. In some embodiments, the cells may be either Earth fixed cells or Earth moving cells. A distance 330 between the NTN device 106 serving the UE 102 and the UE 102 is used to determine whether the not-at-cell edge criterion is met, or not. In some embodiments, UE 102 determines a first position of the UE 102 from the positioning signals 304 and a second position for each of the neighboring NTN devices (e.g., the NTN device 108-b) from Ephemeris data for each of the neighboring NTN devices (e.g., the NTN device 108-b) , then determines the distance 330 as between the first position and the second position. UE 102 has satisfied the not-at-cell edge criterion by being a distance 330 less than or equal to a distance threshold, and UE 102 can determine that the measurement requirements can be relaxed for RRM. Where UE 102 is beyond the distance threshold (e.g., because the distance 330 is greater than or equal to the distance threshold) , then the not-at-cell edge criterion is not met (failed to be satisfied) , and UE 102 can determine that the measurement requirements are not to be relaxed for RRM. In some embodiments, the distance threshold for the distance to the neighboring NTN device can be provided to the UE 102 in a system information message (e.g., SIB) , as further described herein.
[0045] In one or more embodiments, rather than a distance to a serving NTN device or a distance to a neighboring NTN device, a distance difference between a serving NTN device and neighboring NTN device is used to determine whether the not-at-cell edge criterion is met, or not. The distance difference is between the distance 320 (distance to a serving NTN device) and the distance 330 (distance to a neighboring NTN device) . The distance difference is compared with a distance difference threshold, similar to comparison of a distance to a distance threshold, to determine whether the not-at-cell edge criterion is met. In some embodiments, the distance difference threshold for the distance different can be provided to the UE 102 in a system information message (e.g., SIB) , as further described herein.
[0046] In one or more embodiments, an elevation angle 340 to a serving NTN device is used to determine whether the not-at-cell edge criterion is met, or not. The elevation angle 340 may be determined from horizontal (e.g., a plane of Earth’s surface) . In some embodiments, the elevation angle may be determined from vertical. The elevation angle 340 may be determined by UE 102 from the positioning signals 304 and from Ephemeris data for the NTN device 106. In some embodiments, the elevation angle threshold for the elevation angle to the serving NTN device can be provided to the UE 102 in a system information message (e.g., SIB) , as further described herein.
[0047] FIG. 4 shows aspects of an example wireless communications system 400, according to one or more aspects described herein. In one or more embodiments, wireless communications system 400 supports one or more aspects of RRM relaxation for RedCap UE in NTNs, as further described herein. Wireless communications system 400 may be an example or contain aspects of one of wireless communications system 100, wireless communications system 201, wireless communications system 202, or wireless communications system 300, for example, by including NTN devices that are moving (non-stationary, such as LEO satellites) with Earth fixed cells or Earth moving cells. In some embodiments, the cells discussed with reference to the wireless communications system 400 may be either Earth fixed cells or Earth moving cells.
[0048] Wireless communications system 400 includes a UE 102 that is a RedCap UE, NTN device 106, one or more neighboring NTN devices 108 (such as an NTN device 108-aand NTN device 108-b) , and a set of positioning satellites 302, transmitting the positioning signals 304.
[0049] In one or more embodiments, a variance of a distance 420 (distance variance) between the serving satellite and UE GNSS can be used to decide whether a low mobility criterion is met, or not. A variance of a distance 420 between the UE 102 and the NTN device 106 serving the UE 102 is used to determine whether the low mobility criterion is met, or not. In some embodiments, at a first time (t0) , the UE 102 determines a first position of the UE 102 from the positioning signals 304 and a second position of the NTN device 106 from Ephemeris data for NTN device 106, then determines the distance 420 as between the first position and the second position. The UE 102 then determines the distance 420 again at a second time (t1) . The distance change 418 over the time period between the first time and the second time is then the distance variance. In some embodiments, the distance variance threshold for the distance variance can be provided to the UE 102 in a system information message (e.g., SIB) , as further described herein.
[0050] In one or more embodiments, a variance of a distance 416 (distance variance) between a center 412 of the coverage area 410 for the NTN device 106 serving the UE 102 can be used to decide whether a low mobility criterion is met, or not. In some embodiments, at a first time (t0) , the UE 102 determines a first position of the UE 102 from the positioning signals 304 and a corresponding distance 416 form the center 412 of the serving cell. The UE 102 then determines the distance 416 again at a second time (t1) . The distance change 418 over the time period between the first time and the second time is then the distance variance. In some embodiments, the distance variance threshold for the distance variance can be provided to the UE 102 in a system information message (e.g., SIB) , as further described herein.
[0051] In one or more embodiments, a position (location) change of UE 102 is used to decide whether a low mobility criterion is met, or not. In some embodiments, at a first time (t0) , the UE 102 determines a position of the UE 102 from the positioning signals 304. The UE 102 then determines the position of the UE 102 from the positioning signals 304 again at a second time (t1) . The distance change over the time period between the first time and the second time is then the distance variance (a moving distance) . In some embodiments, the distance variance threshold for the distance variance can be provided to the UE 102 in a system information message (e.g., SIB) , as further described herein.
[0052] In one or more embodiments, a speed of UE 102 is used to decide whether a low mobility criterion is met, or not. The UE 102 determines a speed of the UE 102, for example from the positioning signals 304. If the UE 102 exceeds a speed threshold (e.g., at a time when measured, or during some evaluation or measurement period) , then the UE 102 can be determined to have not met the low mobility criterion. In some embodiments, the speed may an averaged result over a time period. In some embodiments, the speed threshold for the speed can be provided to the UE 102 in a system information message (e.g., SIB) , as further described herein.
[0053] In one or more embodiments, both speed and direction information of UE 102 is used to decide whether a low mobility criterion is met, or not. The UE 102 determines a speed of the UE 102, for example from the positioning signals 304. The UE 102 also determines a direction of travel for the UE 102 (e.g., linear, circular, other) , for example from the positioning signals 304. If the UE 102 exceeds a speed threshold, a direction threshold, or a combined speed-direction threshold (e.g., at a time when measured, or during some evaluation or measurement period) , then the UE 102 can be determined to have not met the low mobility criterion. In some embodiments, a speed threshold, a direction threshold, or a combined speed-direction threshold for the speed and direction can be provided to the UE 102 in a system information message (e.g., SIB) , as further described herein. Using both speed and direction for the low mobility criterion may have an advantage in that certain situations do not result in the low mobility criterion not being met, such as the UE moving in a circle at the cell center.
[0054] In one or more embodiments, a Doppler shift estimation for UE 102 is used to decide whether a low mobility criterion is met, or not. In some embodiments, the UE 102 determines the Doppler shift of the UE 102 based on reference signals transmitted by the NTN device, the NTN devices 108, or a combination thereof. If the Doppler shift estimation for UE 102 exceeds a Doppler shift threshold, then the UE 102 can be determined to have not met the low mobility criterion. In some embodiments, the Doppler shift estimation may be an averaged value over a time period. In some embodiments, the Doppler shift threshold for the Doppler shift estimation can be provided to the UE 102 in a system information message (e.g., SIB) , as further described herein, or the Doppler shift threshold may be a value that is preconfigured for UE 102.
[0055] In one or more embodiment, power saving criteria can be combined with NTN-specific measurement triggering conditions for embodiments described herein. For example, if the UE is approaching a service time for the NTN device 106 (currently serving the UE 102) , then current serving SAT’s service time, then the triggered neighbor cell (e.g., a cell of NTN device 108) measurement is not relaxed. For example, a service time threshold for a timing before service may be defined and considered. In another embodiment, if the service time of the NTN device 106 (currently serving the UE 102) is reached, then the triggered neighbor cell (e.g., a cell of NTN device 108) measurement is not relaxed.
[0056] In one or more embodiments, if the UE 102 is approaching the edge of serving cell coverage (e.g., of coverage area 310 or 410) , the then triggered neighbor cell (e.g., a cell of NTN device 108) measurement is not relaxed.
[0057] In one or more embodiments, in distance based mobility, if the distance condition between UE 102 and NTN device 106 (e.g., the serving cell) , and between UE 102 and NTN device 108 (e.g., a neighbor cell) is met, then the triggered neighbor cell (e.g., a cell of NTN device 108) measurement is not relaxed.
[0058] FIG. 5 shows an example method 500 of wireless communication by a UE. In one or more embodiments, method 500 supports one or more aspects of RRM relaxation for RedCap UE in NTNs, as further described herein. In some cases, the UE may be the UE 102, wireless device 802, or one of the other UEs described herein. The method 500 may be performed using a processor, a transceiver (or a main radio) , or other components of the UE.
[0059] At 502, the method 500 includes receiving configuration signaling indicating a RRM configuration for measurements of one or more neighboring NTN devices.
[0060] At 504, the method 500 includes determining whether one or more criteria are satisfied. In particular, the method may include determining, based at least in part on the one or more neighboring NTN devices being non-stationary, whether to relax a set of measurement requirements associated with the RRM configuration according to a relaxation criterion for non- stationary NTN devices being measured by the reduced capability UE, the UE being a reduced capability UE.
[0061] At 506, if the one or more criteria are not satisfied at 504, the method 500 includes performing, according to the set of measurement requirements, RRM measurements for the one or more neighboring non-stationary NTN devices.
[0062] At 508, if the one or more criteria are satisfied at 504, the method 500 includes performing, according to the relaxed set of measurement requirements, RRM measurements for the one or more neighboring non-stationary NTN devices.
[0063] At 510, the method 500 includes transmitting a measurement report that indicates a result of the RRM measurements.
[0064] In one or more embodiments, the method further includes determining to relax the set of measurement requirements based at least in part on cells of the non-stationary NTN devices being Earth fixed cells. In one or more embodiments, the method further includes determining to not relax the set of measurement requirements based at least in part on a serving cell of the non-stationary NTN devices being an Earth moving cell.
[0065] In one or more embodiments, the method further includes determining whether a not-at-cell edge criterion for Earth fixed cells is satisfied based at least in part on coverage information for a current serving cell of the UE, the relaxation criterion including the not-at-cell edge criterion, and cells of the non-stationary NTN devices including the Earth fixed cells.
[0066] In one or more embodiments, the method further includes determining whether a not-at-cell edge criterion for Earth moving cells is satisfied based at least in part on coverage information for a current serving cell of the UE, the relaxation criterion including the not-at-cell edge criterion, cells of the non-stationary NTN devices including the Earth moving cells. In one or more embodiments, the method further includes receiving ephemeris information for the non-stationary NTN devices; and predicting, based at least in part on the ephemeris information, a time duration during which the UE is within a not-at-cell edge area for the Earth moving cells.
[0067] In one or more embodiments, the method further includes determining whether a not-at-cell edge criterion for a current serving cell of the UE is satisfied based at least in part on a distance between the UE and an NTN device satisfying a distance threshold, the relaxation criterion including the not-at-cell edge criterion, and the NTN device supporting the current serving cell. In one or more embodiments, the method further includes determining whether a not-at-cell edge criterion for a current serving cell of the UE is satisfied based at least in part on a distance between the UE and at least one of the one or more neighboring NTN devices satisfying a distance threshold, the relaxation criterion including the not-at-cell edge criterion. In one or more embodiments, the method further includes determining whether a not-at-cell edge criterion for a current serving cell of the UE is satisfied based at least in part on a difference between a first distance and a second distance satisfying a distance difference threshold, the first distance being between the UE and a NTN device supporting the current serving cell, the second distance being between the UE and at least one of the one or more neighboring NTN devices, and the relaxation criterion including the not-at-cell edge criterion.
[0068] In one or more embodiments, the method further includes determining whether a not-at-cell edge criterion for a current serving cell of the UE is satisfied based at least in part on an elevation angle satisfies an elevation angle threshold, the elevation angle between the UE and a NTN device supporting the current serving cell or between the UE and at least one of the one or more neighboring NTN devices, and the relaxation criterion including the not-at-cell edge criterion.
[0069] In one or more embodiments, the method further includes determining whether a low mobility criterion is satisfied based at least in part on a distance variance between a current serving NTN device position and a position of the UE, the relaxation criterion including the low mobility criterion. In one or more embodiments, the method further includes determining whether a low mobility criterion is satisfied based at least in part on a distance variance between a center of a current serving cell for the UE and a position of the UE, the relaxation criterion including the low mobility criterion.
[0070] In one or more embodiments, the method further includes determining whether a low mobility criterion is satisfied based at least in part on a change of position of the UE during a time duration, the relaxation criterion including the low mobility criterion.
[0071] In one or more embodiments, the method further includes determining whether a low mobility criterion is satisfied based at least in part on a speed of the UE satisfying a speed threshold, the relaxation criterion including the low mobility criterion. In one or more embodiments, the method further includes determining whether a low mobility criterion is satisfied based at least in part on a speed of the UE satisfying a speed threshold and a direction of travel of the UE, the relaxation criterion including the low mobility criterion. In one or more embodiments, the method further includes determining whether a low mobility criterion is satisfied based at least in part on a Doppler shift of the UE satisfying a Doppler shift threshold, the relaxation criterion including the low mobility criterion.
[0072] In one or more embodiments, the method further includes determining to not relax the set of measurement requirements based at least in part on a service time for a current serving cell, an NTN device supporting the current serving cell, or both, satisfying a service time threshold. In one or more embodiments, the method further includes determining to not relax the set of measurement requirements based at least in part on a distance between a position of the UE and a cell edge of a current serving cell of the UE satisfying a distance threshold. In one or more embodiments, the method further includes determining to not relax the set of measurement requirements based at least in part on a distance difference between a first distance and a second distance satisfying a distance difference threshold, the first distance between a position of the UE and a cell center of a current serving cell of the UE, and the second distance between the position of the UE and a cell center of a neighboring cell.
[0073] In one or more embodiments, the method further includes receiving, in a system information block message, at least one of a distance threshold, a distance different threshold, an elevation angle threshold, a speed threshold, a Doppler shift threshold, or a service time threshold associated with the relaxation criterion.
[0074] The method 500 may be variously embodied, extended, or adapted, as described in the following paragraphs and elsewhere in this description.
[0075] FIG. 6 shows an example method 600 of wireless communication by a network device. In one or more embodiments, method 600 supports one or more aspects of RRM relaxation for RedCap UE in NTNs, as further described herein. In some cases, the network device may be the network device 104, network device 820, or one of the other network devices described herein. The method 600 may be performed using a processor, a transceiver (e.g., main radio) , or other components of the network device.
[0076] At 602, the method 600 includes transmitting, to a reduced capability UE, configuration signaling indicating a RRM configuration for measurements of one or more neighboring NTN devices by the UE.
[0077] At 604, the method 600 includes determining, based at least in part on the one or more neighboring NTN devices being non-stationary, whether the UE is to relax a set of measurement requirements associated with the RRM configuration according to a relaxation criterion for non-stationary NTN devices being measured by the reduced capability UE, including the UE.
[0078] At 606, the method 600 includes receiving, from the UE, a measurement report that is based at least in part on the UE performing RRM measurement according to one of the set of measurement requirements or the relaxed set of measurement requirements.
[0079] In one or more embodiments, the method further includes transmitting, in a system information block message, at least one of a distance threshold, a distance different threshold, an elevation angle threshold, a speed threshold, a Doppler shift threshold, or a service time threshold associated with the relaxation criterion.
[0080] In one or more embodiments, the method further includes determining to relax the set of measurement requirements based at least in part on cells of the non-stationary NTN devices being Earth fixed cells. In one or more embodiments, the method further includes determining to not relax the set of measurement requirements based at least in part on a serving cell of the non-stationary NTN devices being an Earth moving cell.
[0081] In one or more embodiments, the method further includes determining whether a not-at-cell edge criterion for Earth fixed cells is satisfied based at least in part on coverage information for a current serving cell of the UE, the relaxation criterion including the not-at-cell edge criterion, and cells of the non-stationary NTN devices including the Earth fixed cells. In one or more embodiments, the method further includes determining whether a not-at-cell edge criterion for Earth moving cells is satisfied based at least in part on coverage information for a current serving cell of the UE, the relaxation criterion including the not-at-cell edge criterion, cells of the non-stationary NTN devices including the Earth moving cells. In one or more embodiments, the method further includes transmitting, to the UE, ephemeris information for the non-stationary NTN devices, the ephemeris information used to predict a time duration during which the UE is within a not-at-cell edge area for the Earth moving cells.
[0082] In one or more embodiments, the method further includes determining whether a not-at-cell edge criterion for a current serving cell of the UE is satisfied based at least in part on a distance between the UE and an NTN device satisfying a distance threshold, the relaxation criterion including the not-at-cell edge criterion, and the NTN device supporting the current serving cell. In one or more embodiments, the method further includes determining whether a not-at-cell edge criterion for a current serving cell of the UE is satisfied based at least in part on a distance between the UE and at least one of the one or more neighboring NTN devices satisfying a distance threshold, the relaxation criterion including the not-at-cell edge criterion. In one or more embodiments, the method further includes determining whether a not-at-cell edge criterion for a current serving cell of the UE is satisfied based at least in part on a difference between a first distance and a second distance satisfying a distance difference threshold, the first distance being between the UE and a NTN device supporting the current serving cell, the second distance being between the UE and at least one of the one or more neighboring NTN devices, and the relaxation criterion including the not-at-cell edge criterion.
[0083] In one or more embodiments, the method further includes determining whether a not-at-cell edge criterion for a current serving cell of the UE is satisfied based at least in part on an elevation angle satisfies an elevation angle threshold, the elevation angle between the UE and a NTN device supporting the current serving cell or between the UE and at least one of the one or more neighboring NTN devices, and the relaxation criterion including the not-at-cell edge criterion.
[0084] In one or more embodiments, the method further includes determining whether a low mobility criterion is satisfied based at least in part on a distance variance between a current serving NTN device position and a position of the UE, the relaxation criterion including the low mobility criterion. In one or more embodiments, the method further includes determining whether a low mobility criterion is satisfied based at least in part on a distance variance between a center of a current serving cell for the UE and a position of the UE, the relaxation criterion including the low mobility criterion. In one or more embodiments, the method further includes determining whether a low mobility criterion is satisfied based at least in part on a change of position of the UE during a time duration, the relaxation criterion including the low mobility criterion.
[0085] In one or more embodiments, the method further includes determining whether a low mobility criterion is satisfied based at least in part on a speed of the UE satisfying a speed threshold, the relaxation criterion including the low mobility criterion. In one or more embodiments, the method further includes determining whether a low mobility criterion is satisfied based at least in part on a speed of the UE satisfying a speed threshold and a direction of travel of the UE, the relaxation criterion including the low mobility criterion.
[0086] In one or more embodiments, the method further includes determining whether a low mobility criterion is satisfied based at least in part on a Doppler shift of the UE satisfying a Doppler shift threshold, the relaxation criterion including the low mobility criterion.
[0087] In one or more embodiments, the method further includes determining to not relax the set of measurement requirements based at least in part on a service time for a current serving cell, an NTN device supporting the current serving cell, or both, satisfying a service time threshold.
[0088] In one or more embodiments, the method further includes determining to not relax the set of measurement requirements based at least in part on a distance between a position of the UE and a cell edge of a current serving cell of the UE satisfying a distance threshold. In one or more embodiments, the method further includes determining to not relax the set of measurement requirements based at least in part on a distance difference between a first distance and a second distance satisfying a distance difference threshold, the first distance between a position of the UE and a cell center of a current serving cell of the UE, and the second distance between the position of the UE and a cell center of a neighboring cell.
[0089] In one or more embodiments, the method further includes transmitting, in a system information block message, at least one of a distance threshold, a distance different threshold, an elevation angle threshold, a speed threshold, a Doppler shift threshold, or a service time threshold associated with the relaxation criterion.
[0090] The method 600 may be variously embodied, extended, or adapted, as described in the following paragraphs and elsewhere in this description.
[0091] Embodiments contemplated herein include one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing instructions to cause an electronic device, upon execution of the instructions by one or more processors of the electronic device, to perform one or more elements of the method 500 or 600. In the context of method 500, this non-transitory computer-readable media may be, for example, a memory of a UE (such as a memory 806 of a wireless device 802 that is a UE, as described herein) . In the context of method 600, this non-transitory computer-readable media may be, for example, a memory of a network device (such as a memory 824 of a network device 820, as described herein) .
[0092] Embodiments contemplated herein include an apparatus having logic, modules, or circuitry to perform one or more elements of the method 500 or 600. In the context of method 500, this apparatus may be, for example, an apparatus of a UE (such as a wireless device 802 that is a UE) . In the context of method 600, this apparatus may be, for example, an apparatus of a network device (such as a network device 820, as described herein) .
[0093] Embodiments contemplated herein include an apparatus having one or more processors and one or more computer-readable media, using or storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform one or more elements of the method 500 or 600. In the context of method 500, this apparatus may be, for example, an apparatus of a UE (such as a wireless device 802 that is a UE, as described herein) . In the context of the method 600, this apparatus may be, for example, an apparatus of a network device (such as a network device 820, as described herein) .
[0094] Embodiments contemplated herein include a signal as described in or related to one or more elements of the method 500, or 600.
[0095] Embodiments contemplated herein include a computer program or computer program product having instructions, wherein execution of the program by a processor causes the processor to carry out one or more elements of the method 500 or 600. In the context of method 500, the processor may be a processor of a UE (such as a processor (s) 804 of a wireless device 802 that is a UE, as described herein) , and the instructions may be, for example, located in the processor and / or on a memory of the UE (such as a memory 806 of a wireless device 802 that is a UE, as described herein) . In the context of method 600, the processor may be a processor of a network device (such as a processor (s) 822 of a network device 820, as described herein) , and the instructions may be, for example, located in the processor and / or on a memory of the network device (such as a memory 824 of a network device 820, as described herein) .
[0096] FIG. 7 illustrates an example architecture of a wireless communication system, according to embodiments described herein. The following description is provided for an example wireless communication system 700 that operates in conjunction with the LTE system standards or specifications and / or 5G or NR system standards or specifications, as provided by 3GPP technical specifications.
[0097] As shown, the wireless communication system 700 includes UE 702 and UE 704 (although any number of UEs may be used) . In this example, the UE 702 and the UE 704 are illustrated as smartphones (e.g., handheld touchscreen mobile computing devices connectable to one or more cellular networks) but may also comprise any mobile or non-mobile computing device configured for wireless communication.
[0098] The UE 702 and UE 704 may be configured to communicatively couple with a RAN 706. In embodiments, the RAN 706 may be NG-RAN, E-UTRAN, etc. The UE 702 and UE 704 utilize connections (or channels) (shown as connection 708 and connection 710, respectively) with the RAN 706, each of which comprises a physical communications interface. The RAN 706 can include one or more network devices, such as base station 712 and base station 714, that enable the connection 708 and connection 710.
[0099] In this example, the connection 708 and connection 710 are air interfaces to enable such communicative coupling and may be consistent with RAT (s) used by the RAN 706, such as, for example, an LTE and / or NR.
[0100] In some embodiments, the UE 702 and UE 704 may also directly exchange communication data via a sidelink interface 716. The UE 704 is shown to be configured to access an access point (shown as AP 718) via connection 720. By way of example, the connection 720 can comprise a local wireless connection, such as a connection consistent with any IEEE 802.11 protocol, wherein the AP 718 may comprise a router. In this example, the AP 718 may be connected to another network (for example, the Internet) without going through a CN 724.
[0101] In embodiments, the UE 702 and UE 704 can be configured to communicate using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication signals with each other or with the base station 712 and / or the base station 714 over a multicarrier communication channel in accordance with various communication techniques, such as, but not limited to, an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) communication technique (e.g., for downlink communications) or a single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) communication technique (e.g., for uplink and ProSe or sidelink communications) , although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. The OFDM signals can comprise a plurality of orthogonal subcarriers.
[0102] In some embodiments, all or parts of the base station 712 or base station 714 may be implemented as one or more software entities running on server computers as part of a virtual network. In addition, or in other embodiments, the base station 712 or base station 714 may be configured to communicate with one another via interface 722. In embodiments where the wireless communication system 700 is an LTE system (e.g., when the CN 724 is an EPC) , the interface 722 may be an X2 interface. The X2 interface may be defined between two or more network devices of a RAN (e.g., two or more eNBs and the like) that connect to an EPC, and / or between two eNBs connecting to the EPC. In embodiments where the wireless communication system 700 is an NR system (e.g., when CN 724 is a 5GC) , the interface 722 may be an Xn interface. The Xn interface is defined between two or more network devices of a RAN (e.g., two or more gNBs and the like) that connect to the 5GC, between a base station 712 (e.g., a gNB) connecting to the 5GC and an eNB, and / or between two eNBs connecting to the 5GC (e.g., CN 724) .
[0103] The RAN 706 is shown to be communicatively coupled to the CN 724. The CN 724 may comprise one or more network elements 726, which are configured to offer various data and telecommunications services to customers / subscribers (e.g., users of UE 702 and UE 704) who are connected to the CN 724 via the RAN 706. The components of the CN 724 may be implemented in one physical device or separate physical devices including components to read and execute instructions from a machine-readable or computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium) .
[0104] In embodiments, the CN 724 may be an EPC, and the RAN 706 may be connected with the CN 724 via an S1 interface 728. In embodiments, the S1 interface 728 may be split into two parts, an S1 user plane (S1-U) interface, which carries traffic data between the base station 712 or base station 714 and a serving gateway (S-GW) , and the S1-MME interface, which is a signaling interface between the base station 712 or base station 714 and mobility management entities (MMEs) .
[0105] In embodiments, the CN 724 may be a 5GC, and the RAN 706 may be connected with the CN 724 via an NG interface 728. In embodiments, the NG interface 728 may be split into two parts, an NG user plane (NG-U) interface, which carries traffic data between the base station 712 or base station 714 and a user plane function (UPF) , and the S1 control plane (NG-C) interface, which is a signaling interface between the base station 712 or base station 714 and access and mobility management functions (AMFs) .
[0106] Generally, an application server 730 may be an element offering applications that use internet protocol (IP) bearer resources with the CN 724 (e.g., packet switched data services) . The application server 730 can also be configured to support one or more communication services (e.g., VoIP sessions, group communication sessions, etc. ) for the UE 702 and UE 704 via the CN 724. The application server 730 may communicate with the CN 724 through an IP communications interface 732.
[0107] FIG. 8 illustrates an example system 800 for performing signaling 838 between a wireless device 802 and a network device 820, according to embodiments described herein. The system 800 may be a portion of a wireless communication system as herein described. The wireless device 802 may be, for example, a UE of a wireless communication system. The network device 820 may be, for example, a base station (e.g., an eNB or a gNB or TN device) or a radio head of a wireless communication system. The network device 820 may be an NTN device, as described herein. In some embodiments, the network device 820 may be an NTN device that is itself a base station, such as an eNB or a gNB. In some embodiments, the NTN device may be a relay of the wireless communication system that communicates with the network device 820, which may be a TN device such as a terrestrial ground base station utilizing the NTN device as a relay to communicate with and serve the wireless device 802.
[0108] The wireless device 802 may include one or more processor (s) 804. The processor (s) 804 may execute instructions such that various operations of the wireless device 802 are performed, as described herein. The processor (s) 804 may include one or more baseband processors implemented using, for example, a central processing unit (CPU) , a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a controller, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) device, another hardware device, a firmware device, or any combination thereof configured to perform the operations described herein.
[0109] In one or more embodiments, one or more of processor (s) 804 may be a baseband processor. In some embodiments, a baseband processor includes one or more cores coupled with memory and one or more interfaces, and other components or circuitry to facilitate or otherwise support wireless communications by the wireless device 802, including performing one or more operations further described herein. Cores of the baseband processor can include one or more of a wireless communication processor, a central processing unit, a graphical processing unit, an artificial intelligence engine, a security engine, an image signal processor, a sensing system, a location system, or a display processor. A core may also be referred to as, for example, a processor, processor core, processing unit, engine, or accelerator. One or more wireless communications processors may include support for cellular communications or wireless local area network (WLAN) communications.
[0110] The wireless device 802 may include a memory 806. The memory 806 may be a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions 808 (which may include, for example, the instructions being executed by the processor (s) 804) . The instructions 808 may also be referred to as program code or a computer program. The memory 806 may also store data used by, and results computed by, the processor (s) 804.
[0111] The wireless device 802 may include one or more transceiver (s) 810 (also collectively referred to as a transceiver 810) that may include radio frequency (RF) transmitter and / or receiver circuitry that use the antenna (s) 812 of the wireless device 802 to facilitate signaling (e.g., the signaling 838) to and / or from the wireless device 802 with other devices (e.g., the network device 820) according to corresponding RATs.
[0112] The wireless device 802 may include one or more antenna (s) 812 (e.g., one, two, four, eight, or more) . For embodiments with multiple antenna (s) 812, the wireless device 802 may leverage the spatial diversity of such multiple antenna (s) 812 to send and / or receive multiple different data streams on the same time and frequency resources. This behavior may be referred to as, for example, MIMO behavior (referring to the multiple antennas used at each of a transmitting device and a receiving device that enable this aspect) . MIMO transmissions by the wireless device 802 may be accomplished according to precoding (or digital beamforming) that is applied at the wireless device 802 that multiplexes the data streams across the antenna (s) 812 according to known or assumed channel characteristics such that each data stream is received with an appropriate signal strength relative to other streams and at a desired location in the spatial domain (e.g., the location of a receiver associated with that data stream) . Some embodiments may use single user MIMO (SU-MIMO) methods (where the data streams are all directed to a single receiver) and / or multi- user MIMO (MU-MIMO) methods (where individual data streams may be directed to individual (different) receivers in different locations in the spatial domain) .
[0113] In some embodiments having multiple antennas, the wireless device 802 may implement analog beamforming techniques, whereby phases of the signals sent by the antenna (s) 812 are relatively adjusted such that the (joint) transmission of the antenna (s) 812 can be directed (this is sometimes referred to as beam steering) .
[0114] The wireless device 802 may include one or more interface (s) 814. The interface (s) 814 may be used to provide input to or output from the wireless device 802. For example, a wireless device 802 that is a UE may include interface (s) 814 such as microphones, speakers, a touchscreen, buttons, and the like in order to allow for input and / or output to the UE by a user of the UE. Other interfaces of such a UE may be made up of transmitters, receivers, and other circuitry (e.g., other than the transceiver (s) 810 / antenna (s) 812 already described) that allow for communication between the UE and other devices and may operate according to known protocols (e.g., and the like) .
[0115] The wireless device 802 may include relaxation criteria manager 816. The relaxation criteria manager 816 may be implemented via hardware, software, or combinations thereof. For example, the relaxation criteria manager 816 may be implemented as a processor, circuit, and / or instructions 808 stored in the memory 806 and executed by the processor (s) 804. In some examples, the relaxation criteria manager 816 may be integrated within the processor (s) 804 and / or the transceiver (s) 810. For example, the relaxation criteria manager 816 may be implemented by a combination of software components (e.g., executed by a DSP or a general processor) and hardware components (e.g., logic gates and circuitry) within the processor (s) 804 or the transceiver (s) 810.
[0116] The relaxation criteria manager 816 may be used for various aspects of the present disclosure, for example, aspects of FIGs. 1-8, from a wireless device or UE perspective. The relaxation criteria manager 816 may be configured to, for example, perform receiving configuration signaling indicating a RRM configuration for measurements of one or more neighboring NTN devices; determining, based at least in part on the one or more neighboring NTN devices being non-stationary, whether to relax a set of measurement requirements associated with the RRM configuration according to a relaxation criterion for non-stationary NTN devices being measured by the reduced capability UE, the UE being a reduced capability UE; performing, according to one of the set of measurement requirements or the relaxed set of measurement requirements based on the determination, RRM measurements for the one or more neighboring non-stationary NTN devices.
[0117] The network device 820 may include one or more processor (s) 822. The processor (s) 822 may execute instructions such that various operations of the network device 820 are performed, as described herein. The processor (s) 822 may include one or more baseband processors implemented using, for example, a CPU, a DSP, an ASIC, a controller, an FPGA device, another hardware device, a firmware device, or any combination thereof configured to perform the operations described herein.
[0118] The network device 820 may include a memory 824. The memory 824 may be a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions 826 (which may include, for example, the instructions being executed by the processor (s) 822) . The instructions 826 may also be referred to as program code or a computer program. The memory 824 may also store data used by, and results computed by, the processor (s) 822.
[0119] The network device 820 may include one or more transceiver (s) 828 (also collectively referred to as a transceiver 828) that may include RF transmitter and / or receiver circuitry that use the antenna (s) 830 of the network device 820 to facilitate signaling (e.g., the signaling 838) to and / or from the network device 820 with other devices (e.g., the wireless device 802) according to corresponding RATs.
[0120] The network device 820 may include one or more antenna (s) 830 (e.g., one, two, four, or more) . In embodiments having multiple antenna (s) 830, the network device 820 may perform MIMO, digital beamforming, analog beamforming, beam steering, etc., as has been described.
[0121] The network device 820 may include one or more interface (s) 832. The interface (s) 832 may be used to provide input to or output from the network device 820. For example, a network device 820 of a RAN (e.g., a base station, a radio head, etc. ) may include interface (s) 832 made up of transmitters, receivers, and other circuitry (e.g., other than the transceiver (s) 828 / antenna (s) 830 already described) that enables the network device 820 to communicate with other equipment in a network, and / or that enables the network device 820 to communicate with external networks, computers, databases, and the like for purposes of operations, administration, and maintenance of the network device 820 or other equipment operably connected thereto.
[0122] The network device 820 may include at least one of relaxation criteria manager 834. The relaxation criteria manager 834 may be implemented via hardware, software, or combinations thereof. For example, the relaxation criteria manager 834 may be implemented as a processor, circuit, and / or instructions 826 stored in the memory 824 and executed by the processor (s) 822. In some examples, the relaxation criteria manager 834 may be integrated within the processor (s) 822 and / or the transceiver (s) 828. For example, the relaxation criteria manager 834 may be implemented by a combination of software components (e.g., executed by a DSP or a general processor) and hardware components (e.g., logic gates and circuitry) within the processor (s) 822 or the transceiver (s) 828.
[0123] The relaxation criteria manager 834 may be used for various aspects of the present disclosure, for example, aspects of FIGs. 1-8, from a network device perspective. The relaxation criteria manager 834 may be configured to, for example, perform transmitting, to a reduced capability UE, configuration signaling indicating a RRM configuration for measurements of one or more neighboring NTN devices by the UE; determining, based at least in part on the one or more neighboring NTN devices being non-stationary, whether the UE is to relax a set of measurement requirements associated with the RRM configuration according to a relaxation criterion for non-stationary NTN devices being measured by the reduced capability UE, including the UE; receiving, from the UE, a measurement report that is based at least in part on the UE performing RRM measurement according to one of the set of measurement requirements or the relaxed set of measurement requirements.
[0124] For one or more embodiments, at least one of the components set forth in one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to perform one or more operations, techniques, processes, and / or methods as set forth herein. For example, a baseband processor (or processor) as described herein in connection with one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more of the examples set forth herein. For another example, circuitry associated with a UE, network device, network element, etc. as described above in connection with one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more of the examples set forth herein.
[0125] Any of the above described embodiments may be combined with any other embodiment (or combination of embodiments) , unless explicitly stated otherwise. The foregoing description of one or more implementations provides illustration and description but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of embodiments to the precise form described. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from practice of various embodiments.
[0126] Embodiments and implementations of the systems and methods described herein may include various operations, which may be embodied in machine-executable instructions to be executed by a computer system. A computer system may include one or more general-purpose or special-purpose computers (or other electronic devices) . The computer system may include hardware components that include specific logic for performing the operations or may include a combination of hardware, software, and / or firmware.
[0127] The systems described herein pertain to specific embodiments but are provided as examples. These embodiments can be combined into single systems, partially combined into other systems, split into multiple systems or divided or combined in other ways. In addition, it is contemplated that parameters, attributes, aspects, etc. of one embodiment can be used in another embodiment. The parameters, attributes, aspects, etc. are merely described in one or more embodiments for clarity, and it is recognized that the parameters, attributes, aspects, etc. can be combined with or substituted for parameters, attributes, aspects, etc. of another embodiment unless specifically disclaimed herein.
[0128] Although the foregoing has been described in some detail for purposes of clarity, it will be apparent that changes and modifications may be made without departing from the principles thereof. It should be noted that there are many alternative ways of implementing both the processes and apparatuses described herein. Accordingly, the present embodiments are to be considered illustrative and not restrictive, and the description is not to be limited to the details given herein but may be modified within the scope and equivalents of the appended claims.
Claims
1.A baseband processor, comprising:at least one processor core; andmemory coupled with the at least one processor core, the memory storing instructions that when executed by the at least one processor core cause the baseband processor to at least:receive configuration signaling indicating a radio resource management (RRM) configuration for measurements of one or more neighboring non-terrestrial network (NTN) devices by a reduced capacity user equipment (UE) ;determine, based at least in part on the one or more neighboring NTN devices being non-stationary, whether to relax a set of measurement requirements associated with the RRM configuration according to a relaxation criterion for non-stationary NTN devices being measured by the reduced capability UE; andperform, according to one of the set of measurement requirements or the relaxed set of measurement requirements based on the determination, RRM measurements for the one or more neighboring non-stationary NTN devices.2.The baseband processor of claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed by the baseband processor, further cause the baseband processor to transmit a measurement report that indicates a result of the RRM measurements.3.The baseband processor of claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed by the baseband processor, further cause the baseband processor to determine to relax the set of measurement requirements based at least in part on cells of the non-stationary NTN devices being Earth fixed cells.4.The baseband processor of claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed by the baseband processor, further cause the baseband processor to determine to not relax the set of measurement requirements based at least in part on a serving cell of the non-stationary NTN devices being an Earth moving cell.5.The baseband processor of claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed by the baseband processor, further cause the baseband processor to determine whether a not-at-cell edge criterion for Earth fixed cells is satisfied based at least in part on coverage information for a current serving cell of the reduced capability UE, the relaxation criterion comprising the not-at-cell edge criterion, and cells of the non-stationary NTN devices comprising the Earth fixed cells.6.The baseband processor of claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed by the baseband processor, further cause the baseband processor to determine whether a not-at-cell edge criterion for Earth moving cells is satisfied based at least in part on coverage information for a current serving cell of the reduced capability UE, the relaxation criterion comprising the not-at-cell edge criterion, cells of the non-stationary NTN devices comprising the Earth moving cells.7.The baseband processor of claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed by the baseband processor, further cause the baseband processor to determine whether a not-at-cell edge criterion for a current serving cell of the reduced capability UE is satisfied based at least in part on a distance between the reduced capability UE and a NTN device satisfying a distance threshold, the relaxation criterion comprising the not-at-cell edge criterion, and the NTN device supporting the current serving cell.8.The baseband processor of claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed by the baseband processor, further cause the baseband processor to determine whether a not-at-cell edge criterion for a current serving cell of the reduced capability UE is satisfied based at least in part on a distance between the reduced capability UE and at least one of the one or more neighboring NTN devices satisfying a distance threshold, the relaxation criterion comprising the not-at-cell edge criterion.9.The baseband processor of claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed by the baseband processor, further cause the baseband processor to determine whether a not-at-cell edge criterion for a current serving cell of the reduced capability UE is satisfied based at least in part on a difference between a first distance and a second distance satisfying a distance difference threshold, the first distance being between the reduced capability UE and a NTN device supporting the current serving cell, the second distance being between the reduced capability UE and at least one of the one or more neighboring NTN devices, and the relaxation criterion comprising the not-at-cell edge criterion.10.The baseband processor of claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed by the baseband processor, further cause the baseband processor to determine whether a not-at-cell edge criterion for a current serving cell of the reduced capability UE is satisfied based at least in part on an elevation angle satisfies an elevation angle threshold, the elevation angle between the reduced capability UE and a NTN device supporting the current serving cell or between the reduced capability UE and at least one of the one or more neighboring NTN devices, and the relaxation criterion comprising the not-at-cell edge criterion.11.The baseband processor of claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed by the baseband processor, further cause the baseband processor to determine whether a low mobility criterion is satisfied based at least in part on a distance variance between a current serving NTN device position and a position of the reduced capability UE, or a distance variance between a center of a current serving cell for the reduced capability UE and a position of the reduced capability UE, the relaxation criterion comprising the low mobility criterion.12.The baseband processor of claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed by the baseband processor, further cause the baseband processor to determine whether a low mobility criterion is satisfied based at least in part on a change of position of the reduced capability UE during a time duration, a speed of the reduced capability UE satisfying a speed threshold, the speed of the reduced capability UE satisfying the speed threshold and a direction of travel of the reduced capability UE, or a Doppler shift of the reduced capability UE satisfying a Doppler shift threshold, the relaxation criterion comprising the low mobility criterion.13.The baseband processor of claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed by the baseband processor, further cause the baseband processor to determine to not relax the set of measurement requirements based at least in part on a service time for a current serving cell, an NTN device supporting the current serving cell, or both, satisfying a service time threshold.14.The baseband processor of claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed by the baseband processor, further cause the baseband processor to determine to not relax the set of measurement requirements based at least in part on a distance between a position of the reduced capability UE and a cell edge of a current serving cell of the reduced capability UE satisfying a distance threshold.15.The baseband processor of claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed by the baseband processor, further cause the baseband processor to determine to not relax the set of measurement requirements based at least in part on a distance difference between a first distance and a second distance satisfying a distance difference threshold, the first distance between a position of the reduced capability UE and a cell center of a current serving cell of the reduced capability UE, and the second distance between the position of the reduced capability UE and a cell center of a neighboring cell.16.The baseband processor of claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed by the baseband processor, further cause the baseband processor to receive, in a system information block message, at least one of a distance threshold, a distance different threshold, an elevation angle threshold, a speed threshold, a Doppler shift threshold, or a service time threshold associated with the relaxation criterion.17.A method of wireless communication at a non-terrestrial network (NTN) device, comprising:transmitting, to a reduced capability user equipment (UE) , configuration signaling indicating a radio resource management (RRM) configuration for measurements of one or more neighboring NTN devices by the reduced capability UE;determining, based at least in part on the one or more neighboring NTN devices being non-stationary, whether the reduced capability UE is to relax a set of measurement requirements associated with the RRM configuration according to a relaxation criterion for non-stationary NTN devices being measured by the reduced capability UE; andreceiving, from the reduced capability UE, a measurement report that is based at least in part on the reduced capability UE performing RRM measurement according to one of the set of measurement requirements or the relaxed set of measurement requirements.18.The method of claim 17, further comprising:transmitting, in a system information block message, at least one of a distance threshold, a distance different threshold, an elevation angle threshold, a speed threshold, a Doppler shift threshold, or a service time threshold associated with the relaxation criterion.19.The method of claim 17, further comprising:determining to relax the set of measurement requirements based at least in part on cells of the non-stationary NTN devices being Earth fixed cells.20.A method of wireless communication at a reduced capability user equipment (UE) , comprising:receiving configuration signaling indicating a radio resource management (RRM) configuration for measurements of one or more neighboring non-terrestrial network (NTN) devices;determining, based at least in part on the one or more neighboring NTN devices being non-stationary, whether to relax a set of measurement requirements associated with the RRM configuration according to a relaxation criterion for non-stationary NTN devices being measured by the reduced capability UE, the UE being a reduced capability UE; andperforming, according to one of the set of measurement requirements or the relaxed set of measurement requirements based on the determination, RRM measurements for the one or more neighboring non-stationary NTN devices.
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