Satellite switching without PCI change for neighbor cell
The apparatus addresses UE challenges in satellite switching by processing measurement configurations with satellite switching information, ensuring seamless neighbor cell measurements and handovers without PCI changes, maintaining synchronization and reducing ambiguity.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/077287
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-16
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-21
AI Technical Summary
User equipment (UE) faces challenges in performing neighbor cell measurements when satellites switch without a change in Physical Cell Identity (PCI), leading to potential loss of downlink synchronization and ambiguity in determining which satellite to measure.
An apparatus configured to process measurement configurations for neighbor cells with satellite switching information, enabling RRM measurements and generating reports without PCI changes, and implementing rules for UE behavior during satellite switching, including timing and synchronization strategies.
Ensures seamless neighbor cell measurements and handovers by providing clear guidance for UE operations during satellite switching, maintaining synchronization and reducing ambiguity.
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Figure CN2024077287_21082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
Satellite Switching Without PCI Change for Neighbor CellBackground
[0001] A user equipment (UE) may establish a connection to at least one of multiple different networks or types of networks, e.g., a public land mobile network (PLMN) operating a radio access network (RAN) . A non-terrestrial network (NTN) refers to a network utilizing non-terrestrial components, e.g., one or more satellites, to provide UE access to a PLMN.
[0002] In some scenarios, multiple satellites may be used for the same cell, e.g., satellite 1 and satellite 2 are configured to operate with cell 1. In this scenario, each satellite belonging to the same cell may transmit the same Physical Cell Identity (PCI) , e.g., satellite 1 and satellite 2 transmit the PCI of cell 1. When the cell is a neighbor cell for a user equipment (UE) , the UE may have to perform neighbor cell measurements on the cell. However, the UE may not understand on which satellite to perform the neighbor cell measurements when the satellites switch during the neighbor cell measurements.Summary
[0003] Some example embodiments are related to an apparatus having processing circuitry configured to process, based on signals received from a serving cell, a measurement configuration for a neighbor cell comprising satellite switching information for the neighbor cell, wherein satellite switching is a satellite switch without a change in Physical Cell Identity (PCI) , perform radio resource management (RRM) measurements on the neighbor cell based on the measurement configuration and generate, for transmission to the serving cell, a measurement report.
[0004] Other example embodiments are related to an apparatus having processing circuitry configured to process, based on signals received from a serving cell, a measurement configuration for a neighbor cell, wherein the neighbor cell is capable of performing a satellite switch without a change in Physical Cell Identity (PCI) and perform radio resource management (RRM) measurements on the neighbor cell based on the measurement configuration during a first time period, wherein a target satellite of the neighbor cell is detectable during a second time period that is a portion of the first time period but not detectable during a remaining portion of the first time period.
[0005] Still further example embodiments are related to an apparatus having processing circuitry configured to generate, for transmission to a user equipment (UE) , a measurement configuration for a neighbor cell comprising information for a satellite switching operation for the neighbor cell, wherein the satellite switching operation comprises switching a satellite without a change in Physical Cell Identity (PCI) and process, based on signals received from the UE, a measurement report based on the measurement configuration.Brief Description of the Drawings
[0006] Fig. 1 shows an example network arrangement according to various example embodiments.
[0007] Fig. 2 shows an example user equipment (UE) according to various example embodiments.
[0008] Fig. 3 shows an example base station according to various example embodiments.
[0009] Fig. 4 shows an example non-terrestrial network (NTN) architecture according to various example embodiments.
[0010] Fig. 5 shows an example soft satellite switching scenario according to various example embodiments.
[0011] Fig. 6 shows an example hard satellite switching scenario according to various example embodiments.
[0012] Fig. 7 shows an example satellite switching scenario 700 where the satellites are in a neighbor cell according to various example embodiments.
[0013] Fig. 8 shows an example method for UE operations related to a neighbor cell that is performing a satellite switching operation according to various example embodiments.Detailed Description
[0014] The example embodiments may be further understood with reference to the following description and the related appended drawings, wherein like elements are provided with the same reference numerals. The example embodiments relate to neighbor cell measurements for a neighbor cell that includes two or more associated satellites where the neighbor cell may perform satellite switching without a change in Physical Cell Identity (PCI) .
[0015] The example embodiments are described with regard to a user equipment (UE) . However, reference to a UE is merely provided for illustrative purposes. The example embodiments may be utilized with any electronic component that may establish a connection to a network and is configured with the hardware, software, and / or firmware to exchange information and data with the network. Therefore, the UE as described herein is used to represent any appropriate electronic component.
[0016] The example embodiments are also described with regard to a 5G New Radio (NR) network. However, reference to a 5G NR network is merely provided for illustrative purposes. The example embodiments may be utilized with any network that may establish a connection to a UE and exchange information and data with the UE (e.g., 5G-Advanced networks, 6G networks, etc. ) .
[0017] The example embodiments are further described with regard to a 5G NR network integrated with a non-terrestrial-network (NTN) utilizing one or more satellites to provide UE access to the 5G NR radio access network (RAN) . A satellite-based NTN may be deployed by a public land mobile network (PLMN) and may be further integrated with a terrestrial network (TN) of the PLMN. Throughout this description, the non-terrestrial component is generally described as a satellite. However, any reference to a satellite is only for illustrative purposes and the example embodiments may apply to other types of non-terrestrial components, e.g., airplanes, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) , etc.
[0018] The example embodiments are related to various operations related to neighbor cell measurements for a neighbor cell that includes two or more associated satellites where the neighbor cell may perform satellite switching without a change in Physical Cell Identity (PCI) . The example embodiments include configuring a UE with satellite switching information for the neighbor cell, configuring the UE with rules for performing neighbor cell measurements in the satellite switching scenario and configuring the UE to perform handovers to the neighbor cell based on the neighbor cell measurements. These and other example embodiments are described in greater detail below.
[0019] Fig. 1 shows an example network arrangement 100 according to various example embodiments. The example network arrangement 100 includes a UE 110. The UE 110 may be any type of electronic component that is configured to communicate via a network, e.g., mobile phones, tablet computers, desktop computers, smartphones, phablets, embedded devices, wearables, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, etc. An actual network arrangement may include any number of UEs being used by any number of users. Thus, the example of a single UE 110 is merely provided for illustrative purposes.
[0020] The UE 110 may be configured to communicate with one or more networks. In the example of the network arrangement 100, the network with which the UE 110 may wirelessly communicate is a 5G NR radio access network (RAN) 120. However, the UE 110 may also communicate with other types of networks (e.g., 5G cloud RAN, a next generation RAN (NG-RAN) , a long term evolution RAN, a legacy cellular network, a WLAN, etc. ) and the UE 110 may also communicate with networks over a wired connection. With regard to the example embodiments, the UE 110 may establish a connection with the 5G NR RAN 120. Therefore, the UE 110 may have a 5G NR chipset to communicate with the NR RAN 120.
[0021] The 5G NR RAN 120 may be a portion of a public land mobile network (PLMN) that may be deployed by a network carrier (e.g., Verizon, AT&T, T-Mobile, etc. ) . The 5G NR RAN 120 may include, for example, cells or base stations (Node Bs, eNodeBs, HeNBs, eNBS, gNBs, gNodeBs, macrocells, microcells, small cells, femtocells, etc. ) that are configured to send and receive traffic from UEs that are equipped with the appropriate cellular chip set.
[0022] In the network arrangement 100, the 5G NR RAN 120 includes a base station (e.g., gNB 120A) that may be in a terrestrial network (TN) deployment or a non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployment. For example, a satellite-based system may be integrated with the 5G NR RAN 120 to provide network access to the UE 110 in the NTN deployment and the base station may, in some cases, be located on a non-terrestrial component, e.g., a satellite. An example NTN network architecture will be described in greater detail below with reference to Fig. 4.
[0023] Returning to the network arrangement 100 of Fig. 1, the gNB 120A may include one or more communication interfaces to exchange data and / or information with the UE 110, the corresponding 5G NR RAN 120, the cellular core network 130, the internet 140, etc.
[0024] The UE 110 may connect to the 5G NR-RAN 120 via the gNB 120A. Any association procedure may be performed for the UE 110 to connect to the 5G NR-RAN 120. For example, as discussed above, the 5G NR-RAN 120 may be associated with a particular cellular provider where the UE 110 and / or the user thereof has a contract and credential information (e.g., stored on a SIM card) . Upon detecting the presence of the 5G NR-RAN 120, the UE 110 may transmit the corresponding credential information to associate with the 5G NR-RAN 120. More specifically, the UE 110 may associate with a specific cell (e.g., the gNB 120A) . However, as mentioned above, reference to the 5G NR-RAN 120 is merely for illustrative purposes and any appropriate type of RAN may be used.
[0025] In addition to the 5G NR RAN 120, the network arrangement 100 also includes a cellular core network 130, the Internet 140, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) 150, and a network services backbone 160. The cellular core network 130 may be considered to be the interconnected set of components that manages the operation and traffic of the cellular network. The cellular core network 130 also manages the traffic that flows between the cellular network and the Internet 140.
[0026] The IMS 150 may be generally described as an architecture for delivering multimedia services to the UE 110 using the IP protocol. The IMS 150 may communicate with the cellular core network 130 and the Internet 140 to provide the multimedia services to the UE 110. The network services backbone 160 is in communication either directly or indirectly with the Internet 140 and the cellular core network 130. The network services backbone 160 may be generally described as a set of components (e.g., servers, network storage arrangements, etc. ) that implement a suite of services that may be used to extend the functionalities of the UE 110 in communication with the various networks.
[0027] Fig. 2 shows an example UE 110 according to various example embodiments. The UE 110 will be described with regard to the network arrangement 100 of Fig. 1. The UE 110 may include a processor 205, a memory arrangement 210, a display device 215, an input / output (I / O) device 220, a transceiver 225 and other components 230. The other components 230 may include, for example, an audio input device, an audio output device, a power supply, a data acquisition device, ports to electrically connect the UE 110 to other electronic devices, etc.
[0028] The processor 205 may be configured to execute a plurality of engines of the UE 110. For example, the engines may include a radio resource management (RRM) measurement engine 235. The RRM measurement engine 235 may perform various operations related to neighbor cell measurements for a neighbor cell configured to perform satellite switching without a PCI change. To provide some general examples, the RRM measurement engine 235 may perform operations such as, but not limited to, receiving a measurement configuration including satellite switching information for the neighbor cell, determining how to perform the neighbor cell measurements when the neighbor cell is performing a satellite switch and determining when and how to perform handover operations when the neighbor cell is performing a satellite switch. These and other operations are described in greater detail below.
[0029] The above referenced engine 235 being an application (e.g., a program) executed by the processor 205 is merely provided for illustrative purposes. The functionality associated with the engine 235 may also be represented as a separate incorporated component of the UE 110 or may be a modular component coupled to the UE 110, e.g., an integrated circuit with or without firmware. For example, the integrated circuit may include input circuitry to receive signals and processing circuitry to process the signals and other information. The engine may also be embodied as one application or separate applications. In addition, in some UEs, the functionality described for the processor 205 is split among two or more processors such as a baseband processor and an applications processor. The example embodiments may be implemented in any of these or other configurations of a UE.
[0030] The memory arrangement 210 may be a hardware component configured to store data related to operations performed by the UE 110. The display device 215 may be a hardware component configured to show data to a user while the I / O device 220 may be a hardware component that enables the user to enter inputs. The display device 215 and the I / O device 220 may be separate components or integrated together such as a touchscreen.
[0031] The transceiver 225 may be a hardware component configured to establish a connection with the 5G NR-RAN 120, an LTE-RAN (not pictured) , a legacy RAN (not pictured) , a WLAN (not pictured) , etc. Accordingly, the transceiver 225 may operate on a variety of different frequencies or channels (e.g., set of consecutive frequencies) . The transceiver 225 includes circuitry configured to transmit and / or receive signals (e.g., control signals, data signals) . Such signals may be encoded with information implementing any one of the methods described herein. The processor 205 may be operably coupled to the transceiver 225 and configured to receive from and / or transmit signals to the transceiver 225. The processor 205 may be configured to encode and / or decode signals (e.g., signaling from a base station of a network) for implementing any one of the methods described herein.
[0032] Fig. 3 shows an example base station 300 according to various example embodiments. The base station 300 may represent the gNB 120A or any other type of access node through which the UE 110 may establish a connection and manage network operations.
[0033] The base station 300 may include a processor 305, a memory arrangement 310, an input / output (I / O) device 315, a transceiver 320, and other components 325. The other components 325 may include, for example, an audio input device, an audio output device, a battery, a data acquisition device, ports to electrically connect the base station 300 to other electronic devices and / or power sources, TxRUs, transceiver chains, antenna elements, antenna panels, etc.
[0034] The processor 305 may be configured to execute a plurality of engines for the base station 300. For example, the engines may include an RRM measurement configuration engine 330. The RRM measurement configuration engine 330 may perform various operations related to configuring a UE with information for performing neighbor cell measurements on a neighbor cell that is configured to perform satellite switching. To provide some general examples, the RRM measurement configuration engine 330 may perform operations such as, but not limited to, configuring a measurement configuration for a UE including satellite switching information for the neighbor cell and configuring handover operations for the UE when the neighbor cell is performing a satellite switch. These and other operations are described in greater detail below.
[0035] The above noted engine 330 being an application (e.g., a program) executed by the processor 305 is only an example. The functionality associated with the engine 330 may also be represented as a separate incorporated component of the base station 300 or may be a modular component coupled to the base station 300, e.g., an integrated circuit with or without firmware. For example, the integrated circuit may include input circuitry to receive signals and processing circuitry to process the signals and other information. In addition, in some base stations, the functionality described for the processor 305 is split among a plurality of processors (e.g., a baseband processor, an applications processor, etc. ) . The example embodiments may be implemented in any of these or other configurations of a base station.
[0036] The memory arrangement 310 may be a hardware component configured to store data related to operations performed by the base station 300. The I / O device 315 may be a hardware component or ports that enable a user to interact with the base station 300.
[0037] The transceiver 320 may be a hardware component configured to exchange data with the UE 110 and any other UEs in the network arrangement 100. The transceiver 320 may operate on a variety of different frequencies or channels (e.g., set of consecutive frequencies) . Therefore, the transceiver 320 may include one or more components to enable the data exchange with the various networks and UEs. The transceiver 320 includes circuitry configured to transmit and / or receive signals (e.g., control signals, data signals) . Such signals may be encoded with information implementing any one of the methods described herein. The processor 305 may be operably coupled to the transceiver 320 and configured to receive from and / or transmit signals to the transceiver 320. The processor 305 may be configured to encode and / or decode signals (e.g., signaling from a UE) for implementing any one of the methods described herein.
[0038] Fig. 4 shows an example non-terrestrial network (NTN) architecture 400 according to various example embodiments. An NTN may relate to any network using non-terrestrial components, such as satellites, airplanes, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) , etc., to provide network services to a user terminal.
[0039] The NTN architecture 400 represents a network arrangement including one or more satellites, which in this example shows two satellite 410 and 420 that are integrated with a radio access network (RAN) 450. The RAN 440 may be, for example, the 5G NR RAN 120 described above with respect to Fig. 1. The NTN architecture 400 includes a gateway 430 connecting the terrestrial network 440 with the NTN components. In the NTN architecture 400 of Fig. 4, the gateway 430 and the satellites 410 and 420 communicate via feeder links. In some NTN deployments, satellites may be served by several gateways simultaneously.
[0040] The satellites 410 and 420 provide network services to a UE 110 via a service link (not shown) . The satellites 410 and 420 may implement either a transparent payload or a regenerative payload. A transparent payload refers to an arrangement where the satellites 410 and 420 receive signals and transmit an amplified version of the signal, with a frequency conversion. For example, the satellite 410 may receive uplink communications from the UE 110 on service link frequencies and transmit an amplified version of the signal to the gateway 430 on feeder link frequencies or may receive downlink communications via the gateway 430 on feeder link frequencies and transmit an amplified version of the signal to the UE 110 on service link frequencies. A regenerative payload refers to an arrangement where the satellites 410 and 420 act as a distributed unit (DU) or a base station (e.g., a gNB) , wherein received signals are regenerated with signal-processing techniques (e.g., demodulation, decoding, switching, encoding, modulation, etc. ) before being re-transmitted.
[0041] With reference to Fig. 1, in a regenerative payload arrangement, the gNB 120A may be located on an aerial component, e.g., the satellites 410 and / or 420 of Fig. 4. In a transparent payload arrangement, the gNB 120A may be located on the ground and the satellites 410 and 420 are used to mirror the signals between the gNB 120A and the UE 110, as described above. In either case, in the example embodiments, the satellites 410 and 420 may transmit signals that include the same PCI as will be describes in greater detail below.
[0042] The example NTN architecture 400 shown in Fig. 4 is not intended to limit the example embodiments in any way. NTNs may be integrated with the 5G NR RAN and / or other networks in any one of a variety of manners. For example, a typical satellite-based NTN may comprise a iow earth orbit (LEO) constellation including an array of satellites and gateways with broad interconnectivity via ground-to-ground station (G2G) links, satellite-to-satellite (S2S) links, ground-to-satellite (G2S) links, and satellite-to-ground (S2G) links. Other types of satellite-based NTNs include geostationary-orbiting GEO) satellites or medium-earth-orbiting (MEO) satellites.
[0043] The different types of NTNs each have respective strengths and weaknesses and may be deployed in a variety of scenarios, depending on the goal to be achieved, e.g., broad coverage across a large region, concentrated coverage in an urban environment or along a highly trafficked route, etc. Thus, the NTN architecture 400 described in Fig. 4 is merely provided for illustrative purposes.
[0044] Fig. 5 shows an example soft satellite switching scenario 500 according to various example embodiments. In Fig. 5, there are two satellites 510 and 520 that may communicate with a UE 110. At time t1, the satellite 510 is providing the coverage area that includes the UE 110, e.g., the UE is communicating with the RAN via satellite 510. The satellite 520 is not transmitting signals for the coverage area.
[0045] At a later time t2, it is determined that the coverage area that includes the UE 110 is to be switched from the satellite 510 to the satellite 520. In this example and throughout the following description, the satellite that is currently providing the service for the coverage area may be referred to as a "source" satellite and the satellite to which the UE is switching may be referred to as a "target" satellite. There may be various reasons for the satellite switching to be triggered, such as movement of the UE 110, movement of the satellites 510 and 520, etc. The example embodiments are not limited to any particular satellite switching trigger.
[0046] In a soft satellite switching scenario, during the duration of t2, both the satellites 510 and 520 will be transmitting signals for the coverage area including the UE 110. During this time t2, the signals transmitted by the satellites 510 and 520 may include the same PCI. It may be desired that the UE 110 monitor both satellites 510 and 520 during this switching duration. Monitoring both satellites may include maintaining downlink (DL) synchronization with both satellites, e.g., time / frequency synchronization. This DL synchronization may be accomplished based on monitoring reference signals (RSs) trans mitted by the satellites 510 and 520. However, when both the satellites 510 and 520 are transmitting RSs that include the same PCI (e.g., the RSs may be scrambled with the PCI) , the UE 110 may not be able to distinguish which RS belongs to which satellite. This may cause the UE 110 to lose DL synchronization with one or both of the satellites 510 or 520.
[0047] When the satellite switching is complete, at time t3, the satellite 520 is providing the coverage area that includes the UE 110, e.g., the UE is communicating with the RAN via satellite 520. The satellite 510 is not transmitting signals for the coverage area.
[0048] Fig. 6 shows an example hard satellite switching scenario 600 according to various example embodiments. In Fig. 6, there are two satellites 610 and 620 that may communicate with a UE 110. At time t1, the satellite 610 is providing the coverage area that includes the UE 110, e.g., the UE is communicating with the RAN via satellite 610. The satellite 520 is not transmitting signals for the coverage area.
[0049] At a later time t2, it is determined that the coverage area that includes the UE 110 is to be switched from the satellite 610 to the satellite 620. In this example and throughout the following description, the satellite that is currently providing the service for the coverage area may be referred to as a "source" satellite and the satellite to which the UE is switching may be referred to as a "target" satellite. There may be various reasons for the satellite switching to be triggered, such as movement of the UE 110, movement of the satellites 610 and 620, etc. The example embodiments are not limited to any particular satellite switching trigger.
[0050] In a hard satellite switching scenario, at time t2, the satellite 610 will stop transmitting for the coverage area and the satellite 620 will begin transmitting signals for the coverage area including the UE 110. Thus, at time t2, the satellite 620 is providing the coverage area that includes the UE 110, e.g., the UE is communicating with the RAN via satellite 620. The satellite 610 is not transmitting signals for the coverage area.
[0051] Fig. 7 shows an example satellite switching scenario 700 where the satellites are in a neighbor cell according to various example embodiments. In the example of Fig. 7, the satellites 710 and 720 may be performing the satellite switching scenario of Fig. 5, e.g., soft satellite switching with same PCI) or Fig. 6, e.g., hard satellite switching with same PCI.
[0052] In the scenario 700, the UE 705 is in the coverage area 740 where the satellite switching is occurring and the UE 110 is not in the coverage area 740 where the satellite switching is occurring. Rather, the UE 110 is in a coverage area 730 where the satellites 710 and 720 are for a neighbor cell, e.g., the satellite switching is occurring for a neighbor cell of the cell currently serving the UE 110 in coverage area 730. The cell covering the coverage area 730 may be a terrestrial cell or an NTN cell. The UE 110 may be configured to perform neighbor cell measurements on the cell that covers the coverage are 740. However, if that cell is currently undergoing a satellite switching procedure, the UE 110 may not understand how to perform those neighbor cell measurements. For example, the UE 110 may collect neighbor cell measurements for the satellite 710 and then a satellite switching procedure occurs. The UE 110 may not understand what to do with these neighbor cell measurements because they are no longer for the satellite that is servicing the coverage area 740.
[0053] The example embodiments provide various manners of configuring a UE to perform neighbor cell measurements on a cell that is currently performing a satellite switching procedure or may perform a satellite switching in the near future (e.g., a soft satellite switch or a hard satellite switch) .
[0054] In the scenario of Fig. 7, the network may configure the UE 110 to perform neighbor cell measurements in a measurement configuration or via a System Information Block (SIB) that is sent by a current serving cell for UE 110 (not shown) . In some example embodiments, the satellite switching information for the neighbor cell may be provided to the UE 110 in the SIB when the UE is any Radio Resource Control (RRC) state (e.g., in Idle, Inactive or Connected) or in an RRC message when in the connected state.
[0055] The satellite switching information may include a t-Start and t-Service of the target satellite (s) of the neighbor cell that is provided for both satellites 710 and 720 or provided in satellite information for the multiple satellites of the neighbor cell, e.g., the satellites 710 and 720 in this example. This satellite information may be included as a list comprising each of the satellites of the neighbor cell. The t-Start is the earliest time for the UE 705 that is currently in the coverage area 740 of the neighbor cell to prepare the satellite switching, the timing when the source satellite (e.g., satellite 710) of the neighbor cell prepares / starts to move out the coverage area 740 of the neighbor cell, or the timing when the target satellite (e.g., satellite 720) will start to provide coverage for the neighbor cell. It should be understood that the cell of coverage area 740 is not a neighbor cell of UE 705, it is the serving cell. However, it will be described as the neighbor cell because this description is from the point of view of the UE 110. of cell2 The t-Service is the timing when the source satellite (e.g., satellite 710) of the neighbor cell will stop covering the coverage area 740.
[0056] The satellite information of the satellites for the neighbor cell may include a satellite index, a frequency carrier, a cell identification (ID) , and the t-Start and t-Service of each satellite.
[0057] The satellite switching information may also include a timer for satellite switching of a neighbor cell. The timer may be used to count when the neighbor cell will switch from the source satellite (e.g., satellite 710) to the target satellite (e.g., satellite 720) . The network may also provide multiple satellite information for multiple satellites of the neighbor cell as described above. The satellite information may include the source satellite index, the target satellite index, a frequency carrier, a cell ID, and the timer for satellite switching.
[0058] The satellite switching information may also include a flag to indicate if the neighbor cell will have satellite switching. If the UE 110 only receives the flag to indicate if the neighbor cell will have satellite switching, the UE 110 may not receive any timing information but will only be aware that the satellite switching may occur. In this example, the UE 110 may just ignore the source satellite measurements because the UE 110 is aware it will no longer cover the coverage area 740.
[0059] The satellite switching information may further include a flag to indicate if a frequency carrier for measurement will have any cell with satellite switching. In this example, the UE 110 may net receive an indication that a particular cell is going to have satellite switching but is only aware that satellite switching will occur on a particular frequency. In some example embodiments, the UE 110 may ignore this frequency carrier when performing the RRM measurements.
[0060] There is no requirement that all the example satellite switching information described above be provided to the UE 110. For example, the UE 110 may receive the t-Start and t-Service information but not the timer, or vice versa.
[0061] The above provided some examples of information that may be provided to the UE 110 when it is configured by the network in the measurement configuration or by SIB to measure a neighbor cell that may have satellite switching without PCI on-going or will have satellite switching without PCI. The following will describe some examples of rules that may be implemented to determine UE behavior when performing radio resource measurement (RRM) measurements for a neighbor cell when the neighbor cell is performing or is about to perform satellite switching without PCI.
[0062] In a first example rule, if the UE 110 determines that a serving cell power saving (PS) condition is met based on an evaluation / measurement, e.g., the UE 110 is not-at-cell-edge or the UE 110 is in a iow-mobility state. If this condition is satisfied, the UE 110 may wait the t-Service or wait for the target cell to complete the satellite switching before triggering measurement for the neighbor cell. This is based on, when PS condition is met, it means the mobility requirement is not urgent, e.g., the UE 110 is not at a cell edge or is in a low mobility state, and the UE 110 may wait for neighbor cell to complete the satellite switching, and then the UE 110 may perform the neighbor cell measurement on the target satellite 720 without any ambiguity.
[0063] In a second example rule, the UE 110 may use the same principle to trigger the neighbor cell measurement on the target satellite 720 of neighbor cell in the same manner as the serving cell satellite switch without PCI. For example, when the satellite switching without PCI is performed on the serving cell, the UE may perform the measurements for the satellite switch between the t-Start and t-Service. The measurement for the neighbor cell may be performed in the same manner. The exact starting time may be up to UE implementation. As long as the measurement condition is met (e.g., serving cell quality is below a threshold) , the UE 110 may perform the neighbor cell measurement directly on the target satellite 720 between the t-Start and the t-Service, e.g., if the satellite switching information includes these parameters, or before the timer is expired, e.g., if the satellite switching information includes the timer information.
[0064] In a third example rule, if the measurement samples have been collected during the satellite switching without PCI switching for a neighbor cell, e.g., the UE 110 is performing the measurement during the satellite switching of a neighbor cell, and the measurement period includes samples from the source satellite 710 and the target satellite 720. In a first option, the UE 110 may drop the samples before satellite switching (e.g., on the source satellite 710) and new Layer 1 (L1) / Physical Layer (PHY) sample collection and averaging may be performed after satellite switching, e.g., for the target satellite 720. To provide a specific example, 5 samples may be used for measurement result determination. The UE 110 may collect 3 samples from the source satellite 710 and 2 samples from the target satellite 720. The UE 110 may drop the first 3 samples of the source satellite 710 and use the 2 samples of the target satellite 720 to average with another 3 additional samples from the target satellite 720.
[0065] In a second option, the UE 110 may drop the measurement results averaged among samples from different satellites before and after satellite switching, so this dropped result may not be used for any mobility decision, e.g., if the measurement results are based on mixed results, the measurement results will be dropped. To provide a specific example, 5 samples may be used for measurement result determination. 3 samples are measured / collected from the source satellite 710 and 2 samples are measured / collected from the target satellite 720. The UE 110 will drop the measurement results based on these 5 samples and wait until the measurement results only include measurements from the target satellite 720.
[0066] In a third option, the UE may stop the cell evaluation for event triggering in a time-to-trigger (TTT) , or drop the previous cell evaluation results if the satellite is changed for the neighbor cell. The UE 110 may then restart the TTT for evaluation on the target satellite 720 and perform the new evaluation without any old samples from source satellite.
[0067] In the above options, the UE 110 may perform cell synchronization for the target SAT of the neighbor cell when the neighbor cell satellite switching occurs. The behavior of re-synchronization and cell detection may be same as performed when the satellite switching is performed for a serving cell.
[0068] In the above example, the rules were applied when the UE 110 received information from the network regarding the satellite switching for the neighbor cell. However, there may be situations where the network does not provide the satellite switching information to the UE 110, e.g., the serving cell does not have satellite information for the neighbor cell and therefore cannot provide satellite switching information. In this scenario, the UE 110 may not be able to receive or detect the neighbor cell in a first time period, e.g., the UE 110 may continue monitoring the neighbor cell and the target satellite 720 becomes detectable for a second time period, but suddenly becomes undetectable based on the ephemeris information of the source satellite 710. The UE 110 may assume the neighbor cell has satellite switching without PCI, and therefore the UE 110 may be triggered to read the SIB19 to refresh the neighbor cell satellite ephemeris information or request the serving cell to provide new satellite information or a new measurement configuration. The first and second time period may be predefined in standards (e.g., 3GPP Technical Specifications) or pre-configured by the network.
[0069] The following provides some examples of UE operation when handover (HO) occurs during the satellite switching of the neighbor cell. In these examples, the neighbor cell that has been measured in the previous examples will be referred to as the target neighbor cell. In a first example, the network may configure a HO for the UE 110 only if the HO timer (T304) is expired earlier than the satellite switching without PCI for the neighbor cell, e.g., configure the UE 110 to complete the HO before the satellite switching. Thus, in this example, the UE 110 will HO to the target neighbor cell when the satellite 710 is still serving the target neighbor cell.
[0070] In a second example, the network may configure the HO for the UE only if a predefined HO delay (e.g., in a RRM specification of the 3GPP standards) is reached earlier than the satellite switching without PCI for the target neighbor cell. For example, the network may configure the UE to complete the HO before the satellite switching. Thus, in this example, the UE 110 will HO to the target neighbor cell when the satellite 710 is still serving the target neighbor cell.
[0071] In a third example, the network may configure HO to the target neighbor cell within the predefined HO delay time period. The UE 110 may wait until the satellite switching completes, and then directly synchronize / track on the target satellite 720 of the target neighbor cell to complete the HO. The predefined HO delay time period may be configured by the network or may be determined by the UE 110 based on one or more conditions for the target neighbor cell, e.g., signal to noise ratio (SNR) .
[0072] In a fourth example, to HO to the target neighbor cell and neighbor cell satellite switching without PCI will occur within the predefined HO delay time period, the UE 110 may directly synchronize / track on the target satellite 720 of the target neighbor cell to complete the HO. The predefined HO delay time period may be configured by the network or may be determined by the UE 110 based on one or more conditions, e.g., signal to noise ratio (SNR) .
[0073] In a fifth example, the network may not trigger or configure the UE 110 to HO to a neighbor cell if the neighbor cell has satellite switching in a time threshold T. The time threshold T may be predefined in standards. If the network triggers or configures the UE to HO to a neighbor target cell and this target cell has satellite switching in a time shorter than T, the UE 110 may directly indicate HO failure or not execute the HO.
[0074] In some embodiments, the UE 110 may be configured for conditional HO (CHO) , e.g., the UE 110 may be configured with multiple target neighbor cells for HO. The UE 110 may perform measurements on these multiple target neighbor cells. When the measurements for one of the multiple target neighbor cells satisfy the HO condition, the UE 110 may perform the HO without additional operations by the network. In some example embodiments, when multiple cells meet the mobility condition for the CHO, the UE 110 may skip the cell (s) that have satellite switching without PCI within a time period. The time period may be configured by the network or predefined in standards, e.g., the CHO delay requirement in the RRM specification.
[0075] For multiple cells that meet the mobility condition for HO, when the UE 110 decides to switch to the target neighbor cell, the switch may not occur when the satellite switching without PCI in the HO period delay.
[0076] Fig. 8 shows an example method 800 for UE operations related to a neighbor cell that is performing a satellite switching operation according to various example embodiments. The method 800 provides a general overview of the UE operations when a neighbor cell is performing or is about to perform a satellite switch.
[0077] In 810, the UE 110 receives a neighbor cell measurement configuration from the serving cell. The measurement configuration may include one or more neighbor cells that are to be measured.
[0078] In 820, the UE 110 may receive satellite switching information. As described above, the neighbor cell measurement configuration may include satellite switching information, satellite information or flags related to the neighbor cells that may have an upcoming satellite switch.
[0079] In 830, the UE 110 applies the RRM measurement rules to the neighbor cell measurements. Some example rules were described in detail above.
[0080] In 840, the UE 110 (or the network) makes a determination with respect to HO to the neighbor cell that may be performing an upcoming satellite switch. Again, some example rules for HO were described above.
[0081] Examples
[0082] In a first example, a method comprising processing, based on signals received from a serving cell, a measurement configuration for a neighbor cell comprising satellite switching information for the neighbor cell, wherein satellite switching is a satellite switch without a change in Physical Cell Identity (PCI) , performing radio resource management (RRM) measurements on the neighbor cell based on the measurement configuration and generating, for transmission to the serving cell, a measurement report.
[0083] In a second example, the method of the first example, wherein the measurement configuration is received in a radio resource control (RRC) message or a system information block (SIB) .
[0084] In a third example, the method of the first example, wherein the satellite switching information comprises a t-Start parameter comprising one of (i) an earliest time for a user equipment (UE) currently in a coverage area of the neighbor cell to prepare for satellite switching, (ii) a timing indicating when a source satellite of the neighbor cell prepares or starts to move out of the coverage area of the neighbor cell, or (iii) a timing indicating when a target satellite of the neighbor cell starts to provide coverage for the neighbor cell and a t-Service parameter comprising a timing indicating when the source satellite of the neighbor cell stops providing coverage for the neighbor cell.
[0085] In a fourth example, the method of the third example, wherein the satellite switching information further comprises, for each satellite associated with the neighbor cell, a satellite index, a frequency carrier, a cell identification (ID) , the t-Start parameter and the t-Service parameter.
[0086] In a fifth example, the method of the third example, further comprising determining a serving cell power saving (PS) condition is satisfied, wherein the processing circuitry waits to perform the RRM measurements until t-Service or the satellite switching of the neighbor cell is complete.
[0087] In a sixth example, the method of the third example, further comprising determining a serving cell measurement condition is satisfied, wherein the processing circuitry performs the RRM measurements between t-Start and t-Service.
[0088] In a seventh example, the method of the first example, wherein the satellite switching information comprises a timer for satellite switching of the neighbor cell, wherein the timer indicates when the neighbor cell will switch from a source satellite to a target satellite or when a network is to provide multiple satellite information of the neighbor cell to the apparatus.
[0089] In an eighth example, the method of the seventh example, further comprising determining a serving cell measurement condition is satisfied, wherein the processing circuitry performs the RRM measurements before the timer is expired.
[0090] In a ninth example, the method of the first example, wherein the satellite switching information comprises a flag to indicate whether the neighbor cell will have satellite switching.
[0091] In a tenth example, the method of the first example, wherein the satellite switching information comprises a flag to indicate whether a frequency carrier for measurement will have a cell with satellite switching.
[0092] In an eleventh example, the method of the first example, wherein, when performing the RRM measurements, the method comprises determining whether any measurement samples used for layer 1 (L1) / Physical Layer (PHY) collection and averaging were obtained from a source satellite before satellite switching and dropping measurement samples used for L1 / PHY collection and averaging that were obtained from the source satellite before satellite switching.
[0093] In a twelfth example, the method of the first example, wherein, when performing the RRM measurements, the method comprises determining whether any measurement samples used for layer 1 (L1) / Physical Layer (PHY) collection and averaging were obtained from a source satellite before or after satellite switching and dropping any measurement results used for L1 / PHY collection and averaging that include measurement samples from the source satellite.
[0094] In a thirteenth example, the method of the first example, wherein, when performing the RRM measurements, the method comprises determining whether the satellite switching from a source satellite to a target satellite for the neighbor cell occurred during a time-to-trigger (TTT) , dropping any measurement results from before the satellite switching and restarting the TTT, wherein the RRM measurements are performed for the target satellite without any measurements for the source satellite.
[0095] In a fourteenth eighth example, the method of the first example, further comprising processing, based on signals received from the serving cell, a handover (HO) command indicating a HO to the neighbor cell within a predefined HO time and performing a HO procedure to the neighbor cell at a time that is within the predefined HO time and after the satellite switching completes.
[0096] In a fifteenth eighth example, the method of the fourteenth example, wherein the predefined HO time is configured by a network or determined by the apparatus based on signal conditions with the neighbor cell.
[0097] In a sixteenth eighth example, the method of the first example, further comprising processing, based on signals received from the serving cell, a handover (HO) command indicating a HO to the neighbor cell and that satellite switching will occur within a predefined HO time and performing a HO procedure to the neighbor cell after satellite switching within the predefined HO time.
[0098] In a seventeenth eighth example, the method of the sixteenth example, wherein the predefined HO time is configured by a network or determined by the apparatus based on signal conditions with the neighbor cell.
[0099] In an eighteenth eighth example, the method of the first example, further comprising processing, based on signals received from the serving cell, a conditional handover (CHO) configuration comprising one or more conditions to perform a handover (HO) , determining that more than one cell satisfies the one or more conditions for HO, wherein the more than one cell comprises the neighbor cell, determining the neighbor cell is to perform the satellite switching within a predetermined time period and preventing the apparatus from performing a HO to the neighbor cell during the predetermined time period.
[0100] In a nineteenth eighth example, the method of the eighteenth example, wherein the predetermined time period is configured by a network or predefined in standards.
[0101] In a twentieth example, a processor configured to perform any of the methods of the first through nineteenth examples.
[0102] In a twenty first example, a user equipment (UE) comprising a transceiver configured to communicate with a base station and a processor communicatively coupled to the transceiver and configured to perform any of the methods of the first through nineteenth examples.
[0103] In a twenty second example, a method comprising processing, based on signals received from a serving cell, a measurement configuration for a neighbor cell, wherein the neighbor cell is capable of performing a satellite switch without a change in Physical Cell Identity (PCI) and performing radio resource management (RRM) measurements on the neighbor cell based on the measurement configuration during a first time period, wherein a target satellite of the neighbor cell is detectable during a second time period that is a portion of the first time period but not detectable during a remaining portion of the first time period
[0104] In a twenty third example, the method of the twenty second example, further comprising processing, based on signals received from the serving cell, a System Information Block 19 (SIB19) to refresh ephemeris information for satellites of the neighbor cell.
[0105] In a twenty fourth example, the method of the twenty second example, further comprising generating, for transmission to the serving cell, a message comprising a request for new satellite information for the neighbor cell or a new measurement configuration.
[0106] In a twenty fifth example, the method of the twenty second example, wherein the first and second time periods are configured by a network or predefined in standards.
[0107] In a twenty sixth example, a processor configured to perform any of the methods of the twenty second through twenty fifth examples.
[0108] In a twenty seventh example, a user equipment (UE) comprising a transceiver configured to communicate with a base station and a processor communicatively coupled to the transceiver and configured to perform any of the methods of the twenty second through twenty fifth examples.
[0109] In a twenty eighth example, a method comprising generating, for transmission to a user equipment (UE) , a measurement configuration for a neighbor cell comprising information for a satellite switching operation for the neighbor cell, wherein the satellite switching operation comprises switching a satellite without a change in Physical Cell Identity (PCI) and processing, based on signals received from the UE, a measurement report based on the measurement configuration.
[0110] In a twenty ninth example, the method of the twenty eighth example, further comprising generating, based on the measurement report, a handover (HO) command for transmission to the UE indicating a HO to the neighbor cell, wherein the HO command is generated if a HO timer will be expired earlier than the satellite switching of the neighbor cell.
[0111] In a thirtieth example, the method of the twenty eighth example, further comprising generating, based on the measurement report, a handover (HO) command for transmission to the UE indicating a HO to the neighbor cell, wherein the HO command is generated if a predefined HO delay will be reached earlier than the satellite switching of the neighbor cell.
[0112] In a thirty first example, the method of the twenty eighth example, further comprising determining, based on the measurement report, a handover (HO) to the neighbor cell is to be performed by the UE, determining the neighbor cell is to perform the satellite switching within a predetermined time period and refraining from generating a HO command for the UE during the predetermined time period.
[0113] In a thirty second example, the method of the twenty eighth example, wherein the measurement configuration is sent in a radio resource control (RRC) message or a system information block (SIB) .
[0114] In a thirty third example, the method of the twenty eighth example, wherein the information comprises a t-Start parameter comprising one of (i) an earliest time for a user equipment (UE) currently in a coverage area of the neighbor cell to prepare for satellite switching, (ii) a timing indicating when a source satellite of the neighbor cell prepares or starts to move out of the coverage area of the neighbor cell, or (iii) a timing indicating when a target satellite of the neighbor cell starts to provide coverage for the neighbor cell and a t-Service parameter comprising a timing indicating when the source satellite of the neighbor cell stops providing coverage for the neighbor cell.
[0115] In a thirty fourth example, the method of the thirty third example, wherein the information further comprises, for each satellite associated with the neighbor cell, a satellite index, a frequency carrier, a cell identification (ID) , the t-Start parameter and the t-Service parameter.
[0116] In a thirty fifth example, the method of the twenty eighth example, wherein the information comprises a timer for satellite switching of the neighbor cell, wherein the timer indicates when the neighbor cell will switch from a source satellite to a target satellite or when a network is to provide multiple satellite information of the neighbor cell to the apparatus.
[0117] In a thirty sixth example, the method of the twenty eighth example, wherein the information comprises a flag to indicate whether the neighbor cell will have satellite switching.
[0118] In a thirty seventh example, the method of the twenty eighth example, wherein the information comprises a flag to indicate whether a frequency carrier for measurement will have a cell with satellite switching.
[0119] In a thirty eighth example, the method of the twenty eighth example, further comprising generating, for transmission to the UE, a handover (HO) command indicating a HO to the neighbor cell within a predefined HO time.
[0120] In a thirty ninth example, the method of the thirty eighth example, wherein the predefined HO time is configured by a network.
[0121] In a fortieth example, the method of the twenty eighth example, further comprising generating, for transmission to the UE, a handover (HO) command indicating a HO to the neighbor cell and that satellite switching will occur within a predefined HO time.
[0122] In a forty first example, the method of the fortieth example, wherein the predefined HO time is configured by a network.
[0123] In a forty second example, the method of the twenty eighth example, further comprising generating, for transmission to the UE, a conditional handover (CHO) configuration comprising one or more conditions to perform a handover (HO) and a predetermined time period during which the neighbor cell is to perform the satellite switching.
[0124] In a forty third example, a processor configured to perform any of the methods of the twenty eighth through forty second examples.
[0125] In a forty fourth example, a user equipment (UE) comprising a transceiver configured to communicate with a base station and a processor communicatively coupled to the transceiver and configured to perform any of the methods of the twenty eighth through forty second examples.
[0126] Those skilled in the art will understand that the above-described example embodiments may be implemented in any suitable software or hardware configuration or combination thereof. An example hardware platform for implementing the example embodiments may include, for example, an Intel x86 based platform with compatible operating system, a Windows OS, a Mac platform and MAC OS, a mobile device having an operating system such as iOS, Android, etc. The example embodiments of the above described method may be embodied as a program containing lines of code stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium that, when compiled, may be executed on a processor or microprocessor.
[0127] Although this application described various embodiments each having different features in various combinations, those skilled in the art will understand that any of the features of one embodiment may be combined with the features of the other embodiments in any manner not specifically disclaimed or which is net functionally er logically inconsistent with the operation ef the device er the stated functions ef the disclosed embodiments.
[0128] It is well understood that the use of personally identifiable information should follow privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining the privacy of users. In particular, personally identifiable information data should be managed and handled so as to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use, and the nature of authorized use should be clearly indicated to users.
[0129] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications may be made in the present disclosure, without departing from the spirit or the scope of the disclosure. Thus, it is intended that the present disclosure cover modifications and variations of this disclosure provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalent.
Claims
1.An apparatus comprising processing circuitry configured to:process, based on signals received from a serving cell, a measurement configuration for a neighbor cell comprising satellite switching information for the neighbor cell, wherein satellite switching is a satellite switch without a change in Physical Cell Identity (PCI) ;perform radio resource management (RRM) measurements on the neighbor cell based on the measurement configuration; andgenerate, for transmission to the serving cell, a measurement report.2.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the measurement configuration is received in a radio resource control (RRC) message or a system information block (SIB) .3.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the satellite switching information comprises:a t-Start parameter comprising one of (i) an earliest time for a user equipment (UE) currently in a coverage area of the neighbor cell to prepare for satellite switching, (ii) a timing indicating when a source satellite of the neighbor cell prepares or starts to move out of the coverage area of the neighbor cell, or (iii) a timing indicating when a target satellite of the neighbor cell starts to provide coverage for the neighbor cell; anda t-Service parameter comprising a timing indicating when the source satellite of the neighbor cell stops providing coverage for the neighbor cell.4.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the satellite switching information further comprises, for each satellite associated with the neighbor cell, a satellite index, a frequency carrier, a cell identification (ID) , the t-Start parameter and the t-Service parameter.5.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:determine a serving cell power saving (PS) condition is satisfied, wherein the processing circuitry waits to perform the RRM measurements until t-Service or the satellite switching of the neighbor cell is complete.6.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:determine a serving cell measurement condition is satisfied, wherein the processing circuitry performs the RRM measurements between t-Start and t-Service.7.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the satellite switching information comprises a timer for satellite switching of the neighbor cell, wherein the timer indicates when the neighbor cell will switch from a source satellite to a target satellite or when a network is to provide multiple satellite information of the neighbor cell to the apparatus.8.The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:determine a serving cell measurement condition is satisfied, wherein the processing circuitry performs the RRM measurements before the timer is expired.9.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the satellite switching information comprises a flag to indicate whether the neighbor cell will have satellite switching.10.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the satellite switching information comprises a flag to indicate whether a frequency carrier for measurement will have a cell with satellite switching.11.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, when performing the RRM measurements, the processing circuitry is further configured to:determine whether any measurement samples used for layer 1 (L1) / Physical Layer (PHY) collection and averaging were obtained from a source satellite before satellite switching; anddrop measurement samples used for L1 / PHY collection and averaging that were obtained from the source satellite before satellite switching.12.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, when performing the RRM measurements, the processing circuitry is further configured to:determine whether any measurement samples used for layer 1 (L1) / Physical Layer (PHY) collection and averaging were obtained from a source satellite before or after satellite switching; anddrop any measurement results used for L1 / PHY collection and averaging that include measurement samples from the source satellite.13.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, when performing the RRM measurements, the processing circuitry is further configured to:determine whether the satellite switching from a source satellite to a target satellite for the neighbor cell occurred during a time-to-trigger (TTT) ;drop any measurement results from before the satellite switching; andrestart the TTT, wherein the RRM measurements are performed for the target satellite without any measurements for the source satellite.14.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:process, based on signals received from the serving cell, a handover (HO) command indicating a HO to the neighbor cell within a predefined HO time; andperform a HO procedure to the neighbor cell at a time that is within the predefined HO time and after the satellite switching completes.15.The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the predefined HO time is configured by a network or determined by the apparatus based on signal conditions with the neighbor cell.16.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:process, based on signals received from the serving cell, a handover (HO) command indicating a HO to the neighbor cell and that satellite switching will occur within a predefined HO time; andperform a HO procedure to the neighbor cell after satellite switching within the predefined HO time.17.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:process, based on signals received from the serving cell, a conditional handover (CHO) configuration comprising one or more conditions to perform a handover (HO) ;determine that more than one cell satisfies the one or more conditions for HO, wherein the more than one cell comprises the neighbor cell;determine the neighbor cell is to perform the satellite switching within a predetermined time period; andprevent the apparatus from performing a HO to the neighbor cell during the predetermined time period.18.An apparatus comprising processing circuitry configured to:process, based on signals received from a serving cell, a measurement configuration for a neighbor cell, wherein the neighbor cell is capable of performing a satellite switch without a change in Physical Cell Identity (PCI) ; andperform radio resource management (RRM) measurements on the neighbor cell based on the measurement configuration during a first time period, wherein a target satellite of the neighbor cell is detectable during a second time period that is a portion of the first time period but not detectable during a remaining portion of the first time period.19.The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:process, based on signals received from the serving cell, a System Information Block 19 (SIB19) to refresh ephemeris information for satellites of the neighbor cell.20.The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:generate, for transmission to the serving cell, a message comprising a request for new satellite information for the neighbor cell or a new measurement configuration.
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