Method and apparatus for transmitting or receiving low power synchronization signal in wireless communication system

Abstract

Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for transmitting or receiving a low power-synchronization signal (LP-SS) in a wireless communication system. A method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure may comprise the steps of: receiving, by a terminal, a first signal associated with synchronization from a network on the basis of a first period; receiving, by the terminal, a second signal associated with radio resource management from the network on the basis of a second period; and receiving, by the terminal, a wake-up signal (WUS) from the network on the basis of at least one of the first signal and the second signal. A sequence for the first signal and a sequence for the second signal may be based on a common sequence.

Description

Method and device for transmitting or receiving a low-power synchronization signal in a wireless communication system

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for transmitting or receiving a low power-synchronization signal (LP-SS) in a wireless communication system.

[0002] The fifth generation (5G) wireless communication system, the successor to 4G LTE (long-term evolution), is a new, clean-slate mobile communication system characterized by high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR (New Radio) can utilize all available spectrum resources, from low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, to intermediate-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and to high-frequency (or millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz. 6G wireless communication systems are being developed based on the underlying technologies of 5G wireless communication.

[0003] The 6G wireless communication system is being developed with the goals of (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption of battery-free Internet of Things (IoT) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be divided into four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity. Considering the requirements of the 6G system, such as a peak data rate of 1 Tbps per device, an end-to-end latency of 1 ms, a maximum spectrum efficiency of 100 bps / Hz, support for mobility of 1000 km / h, satellite integration, artificial intelligence (AI), autonomous vehicles, extended reality (XR), and haptic communication, various technologies are being researched.

[0004] The technical problem of the present disclosure is to provide a method and device for transmitting or receiving a low power-synchronization signal (LP-SS) based on a predetermined sequence in a wireless communication system.

[0005] The technical problems to be achieved in the present disclosure are not limited to the technical problems mentioned above, and other technical problems not mentioned can be clearly understood by a person having ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present disclosure belongs from the description below.

[0006] A method according to one aspect of the present disclosure may include: receiving, by a terminal, a first signal associated with synchronization from a network based on a first period; receiving, by the terminal, a second signal associated with radio resource management from the network based on a second period; and receiving, by the terminal, a wake-up signal (WUS) from the network based on at least one of the first signal or the second signal. The sequence for the first signal and the sequence for the second signal may be based on a common sequence.

[0007] A method according to an additional aspect of the present disclosure may include: transmitting, by a base station, a first signal associated with synchronization to a terminal based on a first period; transmitting, by the base station, a second signal associated with radio resource management to the terminal based on a second period; and transmitting, by the base station, a wake-up signal (WUS) to the terminal based on at least one of the first signal or the second signal. The sequence for the first signal and the sequence for the second signal may be based on a common sequence.

[0008] According to the present disclosure, a method and device for transmitting or receiving a low power-synchronization signal (LP-SS) based on a predetermined sequence in a wireless communication system can be provided.

[0009] The effects that can be obtained from the present disclosure are not limited to the effects mentioned above, and other effects that are not mentioned will be clearly understood by a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure pertains from the description below.

[0010] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and are part of the detailed description to aid in understanding the present disclosure, provide embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the detailed description, describe the technical features of the present disclosure.

[0011] Figure 1 illustrates a flexible network topology to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0012] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a communication system to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0013] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a wireless device to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0014] FIG. 4 exemplarily illustrates a communication procedure between a first node and a second node to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0015] FIG. 5 illustrates a functional framework for AI operations to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0016] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of operations related to AI model training and AI model inference to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0017] FIG. 7 illustrates another example of operations related to AI model training and AI model inference to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0018] FIG. 8 illustrates another example of operations related to AI model training and AI model inference to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0019] FIG. 9 illustrates an electromagnetic spectrum to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0020] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a system information transmission / reception procedure to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0021] FIG. 11 exemplarily illustrates a beam management procedure to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0022] Figures 12 and 13 illustrate examples of NTN scenarios to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0023] FIG. 14 illustrates examples of sensing operations to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0024] FIG. 15 is a drawing for explaining an example of a method performed by a terminal according to the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 16 is a drawing illustrating an example of a method performed by a base station according to the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 17 and FIG. 18 are diagrams for explaining examples of the OOK method for an LP signal according to the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an example of sequence repetition transmission according to the present disclosure.

[0028] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The detailed description set forth below, together with the accompanying drawings, is intended to explain exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure and is not intended to represent the only embodiments in which the present disclosure may be practiced. The following detailed description includes specific details to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the present disclosure may be practiced without these specific details.

[0029] In some cases, to avoid obscuring the concepts of the present disclosure, known structures and devices may be omitted or illustrated in block diagram form focusing on the core functions of each structure and device.

[0030] In the present disclosure, when a component is said to be "connected," "coupled," or "connected" to another component, this may include not only a direct connection but also an indirect connection in which another component exists between them. Furthermore, the terms "comprises" or "has" in the present disclosure specify the presence of the mentioned features, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0031] In this disclosure, terms such as “first,” “second,” etc. are used only to distinguish one component from another and are not used to limit the components, and do not limit the order or importance between the components unless specifically stated otherwise. Accordingly, within the scope of this disclosure, a first component in one embodiment may be referred to as a second component in another embodiment, and similarly, a second component in one embodiment may be referred to as a first component in another embodiment.

[0032] The terminology used in this disclosure is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the claims. As used in the description of the embodiments and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0033] In this disclosure, "A or B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." In other words, "A or B" in this disclosure can be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, "A, B or C" in this disclosure can mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0034] As used herein, a slash ( / ) or a comma may mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B, or C."

[0035] In the present disclosure, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” Additionally, in the present disclosure, the expressions “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and / or B” may be interpreted identically to “at least one of A and B.”

[0036] Additionally, in the present disclosure, “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and / or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

[0037] Additionally, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be described as an example of "control information." In other words, "control information" in the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be described as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be described as an example of "control information."

[0038] In the following description, 'when, if, in case of' can be replaced with 'based on'.

[0039] Technical features individually described in one drawing in this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0040] In the present disclosure, a terminal or user equipment (UE) may be a portable device and may be a first node that receives a signal from a base station / second node / IAB (integrated access backhaul) node.

[0041] In the present disclosure, a base station (BS) may be a second node / IAB node / Transmission-Reception Point (TRP).

[0042] In the present disclosure, higher layer parameters may be parameters configured, pre-configured, or pre-defined for the terminal. For example, a base station or a network may transmit higher layer parameters to the terminal. For example, the higher layer parameters may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0043] In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., SIB (system information block), MAC, RRC) from a base station or network. In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set to a device through separate signaling or being defined in advance without separate signaling.

[0044] In the present disclosure, transmitting or receiving a channel means transmitting or receiving information or a signal through the channel. For example, transmitting a control channel means transmitting control information or a signal through the control channel. Similarly, transmitting a data channel means transmitting data information or a signal through the data channel.

[0045] The technology described in the present disclosure can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0046] The technology described in the present disclosure can be implemented with 6G wireless technology and applied to various 6G systems. For example, the 6G system can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0047] Network structure

[0048] Figure 1 illustrates a flexible network topology to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0049] To compensate for incomplete network coverage areas, a network topology that allows for more flexible and resilient split radio access networks (RANs) may be considered. For this purpose, various nodes, such as integrated access backhaul (IAB) nodes, relays, and radio frequency (RF) repeaters, as illustrated in Figure 1, may be applied, or a non-terrestrial network (NTN) may be integrated. For example, an IAB node may correspond to a node that provides wireless backhaul. For example, a relay may refer to any intermediate point, and in the case of a sidelink relay where a terminal functions as a relay, it may collectively refer to a terminal-to-network (U2N) relay and a terminal-to-terminal (U2U) relay. For example, an RF repeater may correspond to a node that simply performs the function of signal amplification and forwarding, or in the case of a network-controlled repeater, it may not only amplify and forward signals but also adjust its transmission and reception settings based on information provided by the network. For example, NTN nodes could be satellites or aircraft that provide NTN coverage that terrestrial networks struggle to provide. Beyond these examples, various intermediate points can be introduced to improve the network topology.

[0050] Referring to Figure 1, a split RAN can support the division of a base station into a centralized unit (CU) and one or more distributed units (DUs). The CU and DU can correspond to logical units. The CU can be further divided into a control plane (CP) portion and one or more user plane (UP) portions. Since a failure in the CU-CP affects not only the CU-UP but also the DUs, various intermediate points can be introduced to compensate for this.

[0051] An intermediate point may correspond to a terminal or a base station, depending on its relationship to other nodes. For example, an IAB node may include a mobile-termination (MT) portion and a unit (DU). The MT may connect the IAB node to a donor node. The unit (DU) of an IAB node may serve other terminals or connect to other IAB nodes to provide multi-hop wireless backhaul to the terminal. For example, an IAB node may correspond to a base station in its relationship to a user-side node, and to a terminal in its relationship to a network-side node.

[0052] In some examples of the present disclosure, the description of a terminal may equally apply not only to a user-side endpoint, but also to an intermediate point corresponding to a terminal in a relative relationship with a network-side endpoint. Similarly, in some examples of the present disclosure, the description of a base station may equally apply not only to a network-side endpoint, but also to an intermediate point corresponding to a base station in a relative relationship with a user-side endpoint. In most cases where there is no additional description of the operations of three or more entities, the communicating entities in the present disclosure are briefly described as terminals and / or base stations (or first nodes and / or second nodes), where the terms terminal and / or base stations (or first nodes and / or second nodes) are interpreted to include / replace any endpoint or any intermediate point in relation to other nodes.

[0053] As such, in some examples of the present disclosure, for the sake of simplicity of explanation, the subjects of the operation may be referred to as terminals and / or base stations (or first nodes and / or second nodes). In addition, the terms terminal and / or base station (or first node and / or second node) may also be interpreted / replaced as in the following examples: For example, the terminal (or first node) and the base station (or second node) may respectively correspond to the first endpoint and the second endpoint; may respectively correspond to the endpoint and the intermediate point; may respectively correspond to the intermediate point and the endpoint; or may respectively correspond to the first intermediate point and the second intermediate point.

[0054] In the present disclosure, there may be zero or more intermediate points between the base station and the terminal. If an intermediate point exists, it may correspond to an IAB node / relay / RF repeater / NTN node, or a node supporting other functions. The intermediate point may be a node with a fixed location or a node with an unfixed location.

[0055] Systems applicable to this disclosure

[0056] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a communication system to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0057] The communication system (100) applied to the present disclosure includes a wireless device (110), a network device (120), and a network (130). Here, the wireless device (110) refers to a device that performs communication using a wireless access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A pro, NR, 5G, 5G-A, 6G) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G / 6G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device (110) may include a robot (110a), a vehicle (110b-1, 110b-2), an XR (extended reality) device (110c), a hand-held device (110d), a home appliance (110e), an IoT (Internet of Things) device (110f), and an AI (artificial intelligence) device / server (110g). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle (110b-1, 110b-2) may include an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). The XR device (110c) includes an augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) / mixed reality (MR) device, and may be implemented in the form of a head-mounted device (HMD), a head-up display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device (110d) may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.), etc. The home appliance (110e) may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device (110f) may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. The wireless device (110) may correspond to a terminal (or first node) or an intermediate point.The network device (120) may correspond to a base station (or second node) or another intermediate point. For example, the network device (120) may also be implemented as a wireless device (110), and a specific wireless device (120a) may act as a network device (120) to another wireless device (110).

[0058] Wireless devices (110a to 110f) can be connected to a network (130) via a network device (120). AI technology can be applied to the wireless devices (110a to 110f), and the wireless devices (110a to 110f) can be connected to an AI server (110g) via a network (130). The network (130) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR), or a 6G network. The wireless devices (110a to 110f) can communicate with each other via the network device (120) / network (130), but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the network device (120) / network (130). For example, vehicles (110b-1, 110b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (vehicle to vehicle) / V2X (vehicle to everything) communication). Additionally, an IoT device (110f) (e.g., a sensor) can communicate directly with another IoT device (e.g., a sensor) or another wireless device (110a to 110f).

[0059] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (110a to 110f) / network devices (120), network devices (120) / network devices (120). Here, the wireless communication / connection can be established through various wireless access technologies such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication), and communication between network devices (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (integrated access backhaul)). Through the wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), the wireless device and the network device / wireless device, and the network device and the network device can transmit / receive wireless signals to each other. For example, the wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, based on various descriptions of the present disclosure, at least some of various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), resource allocation processes, etc., may be performed.

[0060] Device applicable to the present disclosure

[0061] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a wireless device to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0062] Referring to FIG. 3, the wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals via various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A pro, NR, 5G, 5G-A, 6G). The wireless device (200) includes at least one processor (202) and at least one memory (204), and may additionally include at least one transceiver (206) and / or at least one antenna (208).

[0063] The processor (202) controls the memory (204) and / or the transceiver (206), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate first information / signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information / signal via the transceiver (206). In addition, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including second information / signal via the transceiver (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may store software code including instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202), or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. Here, the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology. The transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via at least one antenna (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF (radio frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0064] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless device (200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, at least one protocol layer may be implemented by at least one processor (202). For example, at least one processor (202) may implement at least one layer (e.g., a functional layer such as physical (PHY), media access control (MAC), radio link control (RLC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), radio resource control (RRC), and service data adaptation protocol (SDAP)). At least one processor (202) may generate at least one Protocol Data Unit (PDU) and / or at least one Service Data Unit (SDU) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. At least one processor (202) may generate a message, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. At least one processor (202) can generate a signal (e.g., a baseband signal) comprising a PDU, an SDU, a message, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed in this document, and provide the signal to at least one transceiver (206). At least one processor (202) can receive a signal (e.g., a baseband signal) from at least one transceiver (206) and obtain the PDU, SDU, message, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document.

[0065] At least one processor (202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. The at least one processor (202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, at least one application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), at least one digital signal processor (DSP), at least one digital signal processing device (DSPD), at least one programmable logic device (PLD), or at least one field programmable gate array (FPGA) may be included in the at least one processor (202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be included in the at least one processor (202), or may be stored in at least one memory (204) and driven by the at least one processor (202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0066] At least one memory (204) can be connected to at least one processor (202) and can store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions and / or commands. The at least one memory (204) can be configured as a read only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), an erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), a flash memory, a hard drive, a register, a cache memory, a computer readable storage medium and / or a combination thereof. The at least one memory (204) can be located internally and / or externally to the at least one processor (202). In addition, the at least one memory (204) can be connected to the at least one processor (202) via various technologies such as a wired or wireless connection.

[0067] At least one transceiver (206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., mentioned in the methods and / or flowcharts of this document to at least one other device. At least one transceiver (206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document from at least one other device. For example, at least one transceiver (206) can be connected to at least one processor (202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, at least one processor (202) can control at least one transceiver (206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to at least one other device. Furthermore, at least one processor (202) can control at least one transceiver (206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from at least one other device. Additionally, at least one transceiver (206) may be connected to at least one antenna (208), and at least one transceiver (206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document via at least one antenna (208). In this document, at least one antenna may be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). At least one transceiver (206) may convert the received wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using at least one processor (202).At least one transceiver (206) may convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed by at least one processor (202) from a baseband signal to an RF band signal. For this purpose, at least one transceiver (206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or filter.

[0068] The components of the wireless device described with reference to FIG. 3 may be referred to by different terms in terms of functionality. For example, the processor (202) may be referred to as a control unit, the transceiver (206) as a communication unit, and the memory (204) as a storage unit. In some cases, the communication unit may be used to mean at least a portion of the processor (202) and the transceiver (206).

[0069] The structure of the wireless device described with reference to FIG. 3 can be understood as the structure of at least a portion of various devices. For example, the structure of the wireless device illustrated in FIG. 3 can be at least a portion of various devices described with reference to FIG. 2 (e.g., a robot (110a), a vehicle (110b-1, 110b-2), an XR device (110c), a portable device (110d), a home appliance (110e), an IoT device (110f), an AI device / server (110g)). Furthermore, according to various embodiments, in addition to the components illustrated in FIG. 3, the device may further include other components.

[0070] For example, the device may be a portable device such as a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). In this case, the device may further include at least one of a power supply unit that supplies power and includes a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc., an interface unit that includes at least one port for connection with another device (e.g., an audio input / output port, a video input / output port), and an input / output unit for inputting and outputting image information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input from a user.

[0071] For example, the device may be a mobile device such as a mobile robot, a vehicle, a train, an aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, etc. In this case, the device may further include at least one of a driving unit including at least one of an engine, a motor, a power train, wheels, brakes, and a steering unit of the device, a power supply unit including a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. that supplies power, a sensor unit that senses status information, environmental information, and user information of the device or its surroundings, an autonomous driving unit that performs functions such as path maintenance, speed control, and destination setting, and a position measurement unit that obtains location information of the mobile device through a global positioning system (GPS) and various sensors.

[0072] For example, the device may be an XR device such as an HMD, a head-up display (HUD) installed in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. In this case, the device may further include at least one of a power supply unit that supplies power and includes a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc., an input / output unit that obtains control information, data, etc. from the outside and outputs the generated XR object, and a sensor unit that senses status information, environmental information, and user information of the device or the surroundings of the device.

[0073] For example, the device may be a robot that can be classified into industrial, medical, household, military, etc. types depending on the purpose or field of use. In this case, the device may further include at least one of a sensor unit that senses status information, environmental information, and user information of the device or its surroundings, and a driving unit that performs various physical actions, such as moving the robot joints.

[0074] For example, the device may be an AI device such as a TV, a projector, a smartphone, a PC, a laptop, a digital broadcasting terminal, a tablet PC, a wearable device, a set-top box (STB), a radio, a washing machine, a refrigerator, digital signage, a robot, a vehicle, etc. In this case, the device may further include at least one of an input unit that acquires various types of data from the outside, an output unit that generates output related to sight, hearing, or touch, a sensor unit that senses status information, environmental information, and user information of the device or its surroundings, and a training unit that trains a model composed of an artificial neural network using learning data.

[0075] The structure of the wireless device illustrated in FIG. 3 may be understood as a part of a terminal (or first node), or as a part of an intermediate point, or as a part of a base station (or second node). If the device illustrated in FIG. 3 is a base station (or second node), the device may further include a wired transceiver for front haul and / or back haul communications. If the front haul and / or back haul communications are based on wireless communications, at least one transceiver (206) illustrated in FIG. 3 may be used for front haul and / or backhaul communications, and a wired transceiver may not be included.

[0076] Communication procedures

[0077] FIG. 4 exemplarily illustrates a communication procedure between a first node and a second node to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0078] FIG. 4 illustrates operations of a first node (110) (e.g., a terminal) and a second node (120) (e.g., a base station) transmitting and / or receiving data and operations performed prior thereto.

[0079] In step S101, the first node (110) and the second node (120) can perform synchronization. For example, the terminal (110) performs an initial cell search operation. Specifically, the terminal (110) can detect at least one synchronization signal transmitted from the base station (120) according to a predefined rule. Here, the synchronization signal can include a plurality of synchronization signals (e.g., a primary synchronization signal, a secondary synchronization signal) classified according to a structure or purpose. Through this, the terminal (110) can confirm the boundaries of the frame, subframe, slot, and / or symbol of the base station (120) and obtain information (e.g., a cell identifier) ​​about the base station (120).

[0080] In step S103, the first node (110) can obtain system information transmitted from the second node (120). For example, the system information is information related to the properties, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the base station (120) required to access the base station (120) and use the service, and can be classified according to the content (e.g., whether it is essential for access), transmission structure (e.g., the channel used, whether it is provided in an on-demand manner), etc., and can be classified into, for example, a master information block (MIB) and a system information block (SIB). If necessary, the terminal (110) can transmit a signal requesting system information before receiving the system information. Such requesting and providing of system information may be performed after a random access procedure described below.

[0081] In step S105, the first node (110) and the second node (120) can perform a random access procedure. For example, the terminal (110) can transmit and / or receive at least one message (e.g., a random access preamble, a random access response (RAR) message, etc.) for a random access procedure based on information related to a random access channel of the base station (120) obtained through system information (e.g., channel position, channel structure, structure of a supported preamble, etc.). For example, the terminal (110) may transmit a preamble (e.g., message 1 (MSG1)) over a random access channel, receive a random access response (RAR) message (e.g., message 2 (MSG2)), transmit a message (e.g., message 3 (MSG3)) including information related to the terminal (110) (e.g., identification information) using scheduling information included in the RAR message to the base station (120), and receive a message for contention resolution and / or connection establishment (e.g., message 4 (MSG4)). As another example, MSG1 and MSG3 may be transmitted and received as one message (e.g., message A (MSG A)), or MSG2 and MSG4 may be transmitted and received as one message (e.g., message B (MSG B)).

[0082] In step S107, the first node (110) and the second node (120) can perform signaling of control information. For example, the control information can be defined in various layers, such as a layer that controls a connection (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) layer), a layer that handles mapping between logical channels and transmission channels (e.g., a media access control (MAC) layer), and a layer that handles physical channels (e.g., a physical (PHY) layer). For example, the terminal (110) and the base station (120) can perform at least one of signaling for establishing a connection, signaling for determining settings related to communication, and signaling for indicating allocated resources.

[0083] In step S109, the first node (110) and the second node (120) can transmit and / or receive data. For example, the terminal (110) and the base station (120) can process, transmit, and / or receive data based on signaling of control information. For example, when transmitting data, the terminal (110) or the base station (120) can perform at least one of channel encoding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and resource mapping on information bits. For example, when receiving data, the terminal (110) or the base station (120) can perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, waveform demodulation for each antenna, signal arrangement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and channel decoding.

[0084] 6G system core technologies

[0085] As core implementation technologies of the 6G system, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), THz (terahertz) communication, optical wireless technology, free space optics (FSO) backhaul network, massive MIMO (multiple input multiple output) technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cell-free communication, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET), integration of sensing and communication, integration of access backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and large intelligent surface (LIS) can be adopted.

[0086] artificial intelligence

[0087] Incorporating AI into communications can streamline and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analytics to determine how complex target tasks should be performed. AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays. Time-consuming tasks such as handovers, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a crucial role in machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. Furthermore, AI can facilitate rapid communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0088] FIG. 5 illustrates a functional framework for AI operations to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0089] Below, to explain AI (or AI / ML (machine learning)) in more detail, the terms can be defined as follows.

[0090] - Data collection: Data collected from network nodes, management entities, or terminals as a basis for AI model training, data analysis, and inference.

[0091] - AI model: A data-driven algorithm that applies AI technology to generate a set of outputs containing predictive information and / or decision parameters based on a set of inputs.

[0092] - AI / ML training: An online or offline process of training an AI model by learning features and patterns that best represent the data and obtain a trained AI / ML model for inference.

[0093] - AI / ML inference: The process of making predictions or inducing decisions based on collected data and the AI ​​model using a trained AI model.

[0094] Referring to FIG. 5, the data collection function (10) is a function that collects input data and provides processed input data to the model training function (20) and the model inference function (30).

[0095] Examples of input data may include measurements from terminals or other network entities, feedback from actors, and output from AI models.

[0096] The data collection function (10) performs data preparation based on input data and provides input data processed through the data preparation. Here, the data collection function (10) does not perform data preparation specific to each AI algorithm (e.g., data pre-processing and cleaning, formatting, and transformation), but can perform data preparation common to all AI algorithms.

[0097] After the data preparation process is performed, the data collection function (10) may provide training data (11) to the model training function (20) and may provide inference data (12) to the model inference function (30). Here, the training data (11) may correspond to data required as input for the AI ​​model training function (20), and the inference data (12) may correspond to data required as input for the AI ​​model inference function (30).

[0098] The data collection function (10) may be performed by a single entity (e.g., a terminal, a RAN node, a network node, etc.), but may also be performed by multiple entities. In this case, training data (11) and inference data (12) may be provided to the model training function (20) and model inference function (30), respectively, from multiple entities.

[0099] The model training function (20) may correspond to a function that performs AI model training, validation, and testing, which can generate model performance metrics as part of the AI ​​model testing procedure. If necessary, the model training function (20) may also be responsible for data preparation (e.g., data pre-processing and cleaning, formatting, and transformation, etc.) based on training data (11) provided by the data collection function (10).

[0100] Here, model deployment / update (13) can be used to initially deploy a trained, validated and tested AI model to the model inference function (30) or to provide an updated model to the model inference function (30).

[0101] The model inference function (30) may correspond to a function that provides AI model inference output (16) (e.g., prediction or decision). If applicable, the model inference function (30) may provide model performance feedback (14) to the model training function (20). In addition, the model inference function (30) may also be responsible for data preparation (e.g., data pre-processing and cleaning, formatting and transformation, etc.) based on inference data (12) provided by the data collection function (10), if necessary.

[0102] Here, output (16) refers to the inference output of the AI ​​model generated by the model inference function (30), and the details of the inference output may vary depending on the use case.

[0103] Model performance feedback (14) can be used to monitor the performance of the AI ​​model, if available, and this feedback may be omitted.

[0104] An actor function (40) is a function that receives an output (16) from a model inference function (30) and triggers or performs a corresponding task / action. The actor function (40) can trigger tasks / actions for other entities (e.g., one or more terminals, one or more RAN nodes, one or more network nodes, etc.) or for itself.

[0105] Feedback (15) can be used to derive training data (11), inference data (12), or to monitor the performance of the AI ​​model, its impact on the network, etc.

[0106] Meanwhile, the definitions of training / validation / test in data sets used in AI / ML can be distinguished as follows.

[0107] - Training data: refers to a data set for learning a model.

[0108] - Validation data: This refers to a dataset used to validate a model that has already completed training. Validation data can typically be used to prevent overfitting of the training data set. It can also be used to select the best model among the various models learned during the training process. Therefore, validation can be considered a type of learning.

[0109] - Test data: This refers to the data set for final evaluation. This data is unrelated to learning.

[0110] For example, the training and validation data can be divided into an 8:2 or 7:3 ratio within the entire data set. Alternatively, the training data:validation data:test data can be divided into a 6:2:2 ratio within the entire data set.

[0111] The level of cooperation can be defined as follows depending on whether the base station and the terminal have capabilities for AI / ML functions, and variations due to combination of multiple levels or separation of any one level are also possible.

[0112] Category 0a: This category corresponds to a no-collaboration framework. In this case, AI / ML algorithms are purely implementation-based and may not require any changes to the wireless interface.

[0113] Category 0b: Frameworks that involve a wireless interface modified to fit efficient implementation-based AI / ML algorithms, but without collaboration.

[0114] Category 1: This category applies to cases where inter-node support is required to improve the AI / ML algorithms of each node. For example, this applies when a terminal receives support from a base station (for training, adaptation, etc.), and vice versa. At this level, model exchange between network nodes is not required.

[0115] Category 2: This applies to cases where joint ML tasks can be performed between terminals and base stations. This level requires exchange of AI / ML model commands or network nodes.

[0116] The functions exemplified in FIG. 5 above may be implemented in a RAN node (e.g., a base station, a TRP, a CU of a base station, etc.), a network node, an OAM (operation administration maintenance) of a network operator, or a terminal.

[0117] Alternatively, two or more entities, such as a RAN, a network node, a network operator's OAM, or a terminal, may cooperate to implement the functions illustrated in FIG. 5. For example, one entity may perform some of the functions of FIG. 5, and another entity may perform the remaining functions. In this way, since some of the functions illustrated in FIG. 5 are performed by a single entity (e.g., a terminal, a RAN node, a network node, etc.), the transmission / provision of data / information between each function may be omitted. For example, if the model training function (20) and the model inference function (30) are performed by the same entity, the transmission / provision of model deployment / update (13) and model performance feedback (14) may be omitted.

[0118] Alternatively, any one of the functions illustrated in FIG. 5 may be performed collaboratively by two or more entities, including a RAN, a network node, a network operator's OAM, or a terminal. This may be referred to as a split AI operation.

[0119] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of operations related to AI model training and AI model inference to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0120] For example, the AI ​​model training function may be performed by a network node (e.g., a core network node, an OAM of a network operator, etc.), and the AI ​​model inference function may be performed by a RAN node (e.g., a base station, a TRP, a CU of a base station, etc.).

[0121] Step 1: RAN node 1 and RAN node 2 can transmit input data (e.g., training data) for AI model training to the network node. Here, RAN node 1 and RAN node 2 can also transmit data collected from the terminal (e.g., terminal measurements related to RSRP (reference signal received power), RSRQ (reference signal received quality), SINR (signal to interference-plus-noise ratio) of the serving cell and neighboring cells, terminal location, speed, etc.) to the network node.

[0122] Step 2: Network nodes can train AI models using the received training data.

[0123] Step 3: The network node may distribute / update the AI ​​model to RAN node 1 and / or RAN node 2. RAN node 1 (and / or RAN node 2) may also continue model training based on the received AI model.

[0124] For convenience of explanation, we assume that the AI ​​model is deployed / updated only to RAN node 1.

[0125] Step 4: RAN node 1 can receive input data (e.g., inference data) for AI model inference from the terminal and RAN node 2.

[0126] Step 5: RAN node 1 can perform AI model inference using the received inference data to generate output data (e.g., prediction or decision).

[0127] Step 6: If applicable, RAN node 1 may send model performance feedback to the network nodes.

[0128] Step 7: RAN node 1, RAN node 2, and the terminal (or 'RAN node 1 and the terminal', or 'RAN node 1 and RAN node 2') may perform actions based on the output data. For example, in the case of a load balancing operation, the terminal may move from RAN node 1 to RAN node 2.

[0129] Step 8: RAN node 1 and RAN node 2 can transmit feedback information to the network nodes.

[0130] FIG. 7 illustrates another example of operations related to AI model training and AI model inference to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0131] For example, both AI model training functions and AI model inference functions can be performed by RAN nodes (e.g., base stations, TRPs, CUs of base stations, etc.).

[0132] Step 1: The terminal and RAN node 2 can transmit input data (e.g., training data) for AI model training to RAN node 1.

[0133] Step 2: RAN node 1 can train an AI model using the received training data.

[0134] Step 3: RAN node 1 can receive input data (e.g., inference data) for AI model inference from the terminal and RAN node 2.

[0135] Step 4: RAN node 1 can perform AI model inference using the received inference data to generate output data (e.g., prediction or decision).

[0136] Step 5: RAN node 1, RAN node 2, and the terminal (or 'RAN node 1 and the terminal', or 'RAN node 1 and RAN node 2') may perform actions based on the output data. For example, in the case of a load balancing operation, the terminal may move from RAN node 1 to RAN node 2.

[0137] Step 6: RAN node 2 may transmit feedback information to RAN node 1.

[0138] FIG. 8 illustrates another example of operations related to AI model training and AI model inference to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0139] For example, the AI ​​model training function may be performed by a RAN node (e.g., a base station, a TRP, a CU of a base station, etc.), and the AI ​​model inference function may be performed by a terminal.

[0140] Step 1: The terminal may transmit input data (e.g., training data) for AI model training to the RAN node. Here, the RAN node may collect data (e.g., terminal measurements related to RSRP, RSRQ, SINR of the serving cell and neighboring cells, terminal location, speed, etc.) from various terminals and / or from other RAN nodes.

[0141] Step 2: RAN nodes can train AI models using the received training data.

[0142] Step 3: The RAN node can distribute / update the AI ​​model to the terminal. The terminal can also continue model training based on the received AI model.

[0143] Step 4: Input data (e.g., inference data) for AI model inference can be received from the terminal and RAN node (and / or from another terminal).

[0144] Step 5: The terminal can perform AI model inference using the received inference data to generate output data (e.g., prediction or decision).

[0145] Step 6: If applicable, the terminal may send model performance feedback to the RAN node.

[0146] Step 7: The terminal and RAN node can perform actions based on the output data.

[0147] Step 8: The terminal may transmit feedback information to the RAN node.

[0148] THz communication (terahertz communication)

[0149] Data transmission rates can be increased by increasing bandwidth. This can be achieved by utilizing sub-THz communications with wide bandwidths and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter waves, typically refer to the frequency range between 0.1 THz and 10 THz, with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz band (the sub-THz band) is considered a key part of the THz spectrum for cellular communications. Adding the sub-THz band to the mmWave band will increase 6G cellular capacity. Among the defined THz bands, 300 GHz to 3 THz lies in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. While part of the optical band, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band lies at the boundary of the optical band, immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz to 3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF.

[0150] FIG. 9 illustrates an electromagnetic spectrum to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0151] Key characteristics of THz communications include (i) the widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates, and (ii) the high path loss at high frequencies (which necessitates highly directional antennas). The narrow beamwidths generated by highly directional antennas reduce interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for a significantly larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and base stations operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies to overcome range limitations.

[0152] Transmitting system information (e.g., MIB) in a cell in the THz frequency band can be inefficient because the beam width in high-frequency bands narrows, requiring more beam sweeps to cover the entire cell area. This method is particularly inefficient when there are only a few users within the cell.

[0153] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a system information transmission / reception procedure to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0154] The example of Fig. 10 is applicable not only to THz communication environments but also to 6G communication environments where THz communication is not applicable. Furthermore, the procedure illustrated in Fig. 10 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure described below. For example, the embodiments described below can be performed based on system information acquired through the procedure illustrated in Fig. 10.

[0155] In step S1010, the second node (120) (e.g., base station) can transmit system information of cell #1 via cell #2. For example, the base station provides at least two cells, cell #1 uses a THz frequency band, and cell #2 uses a frequency band other than the THz frequency band. Here, the system information may include at least one of an SFN (system frame number), a PDCCH configuration for SIB1, cell barring, cell re-selection, and subcarrier spacing generated in a higher layer, and may include at least one of an SFN, a half frame indicator, and an SSB index (synchronization signal / PBCH (physical broadcast channel) block index) generated in a physical layer. For this purpose, as an example, cell #1 and cell #2 may have a relationship of a secondary cell and a primary cell.

[0156] At step S1030, the first node (110) (e.g., terminal) can acquire synchronization for cell #1. Synchronization can be acquired by detecting a synchronization signal. Typically, synchronization is acquired before receiving system information, but since the system information for cell #1 is received from cell #2, synchronization acquisition for cell #1 can be performed after receiving the system information. For example, the terminal can acquire synchronization based on the system information. Alternatively, synchronization acquisition can be performed before step S1010.

[0157] At step S1050, the first node (110) may transmit a signal for accessing cell #1. For example, the signal may include a random access preamble. The structure of this signal and the resources (e.g., channels) for transmitting the signal may be identified through system information. Thereafter, at step S1070, the first node (110) and the second node (120) may perform an access procedure for cell #1 and communicate.

[0158] The procedure described with reference to FIG. 10 may be performed when the first node (110) initially connects to cell #1 of the second node (120). Alternatively, a similar procedure may be performed when the first node (110) hands over to cell #1 of the second node (120). However, in the case of handover, the system information of cell #1 may be received from a cell of a base station other than cell #2 of the second node (120).

[0159] Communications in the THz band are expected to experience extremely severe path loss, and to overcome this, terminals and base stations may be required to use very sharp beams. The use of sharp beams means that terminals and base stations must perform beam control in addition to beamforming, and the number of beams used increases significantly. Consequently, it takes a very long time to align the transmit and receive beams between the base station and terminals. Furthermore, if the beam alignment between the base station and terminals is misaligned due to movement or movement of the terminals, frequent re-alignment is required, which can lead to link instability.

[0160] FIG. 11 exemplarily illustrates a beam management procedure to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0161] Although FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a procedure for searching and / or selecting beams for THz communication, this procedure is not limited to a THz environment and can also be applied to a 6G communication environment where THz communication is not applied.

[0162] Here, beam may be interpreted as other terms having equivalent technical meanings that can distinguish beams, such as 'spatial domain filter', 'spatial domain transmit filter', 'spatial domain receive filter', reference signal (RS) resource that distinguishes beams, SSB index, etc.

[0163] In step S1110, the second node (120) (e.g., base station) can set resources for beam management to the first node (110) (e.g., terminal). Here, the resources can include at least one of time-frequency resources, channels, and spatial resources (e.g., antenna ports). For example, the base station can utilize a beam search signal (BSS) that is transmitted spatially separated from an existing downlink signal / channel for beam search. Here, the BSS can be transmitted based on a dedicated port for beam search. The dedicated port can be a different port from a port for transmitting an existing downlink signal / channel (e.g., SSB, PDSCH (physical downlink shared channel), etc.). BSS is a term defined for convenience of explanation, and the technical concept according to the present embodiment is not limited to the term BSS itself. For example, a signal transmitted based on a dedicated port defined / set for beam search can be included in the technical concept according to the present embodiment.

[0164] In step S1130, the second node (120) (e.g., base station) transmits measurement signals using a plurality of transmission beams. For example, the measurement signals may include at least one of a reference signal and a synchronization signal. At this time, the measurement signals may be transmitted as many times as the number of beams that require measurement, and may also be transmitted in a multi-beam transmission method that forms a plurality of beams simultaneously to reduce sweeping time. Here, the multi-beam transmission may be performed based on at least one of a multi-panel, a sub-array, and a true time delay (TTD).

[0165] In step S1050, a first node (110) (e.g., a terminal) may transmit a feedback signal to a second node (120) (e.g., a base station). The feedback signal may indicate at least one beam selected by the terminal. The terminal may select at least one preferred beam based on the measurement signals received in step S1030.

[0166] In step S1070, the first node (110) and the second node (120) can perform communication. For example, the second node (120) can perform transmission to the first node (110) using the reception beam of the first node (110) selected in step S1050. If channel reciprocity is established, the transmission beam of the first node (110) can also be determined through steps S1030 and S1050, so that the transmission operation from the first node (110) can also be performed using a beam that has a reciprocal relationship with the beam selected in step S1050. If channel reciprocity is not established, a procedure including transmission of measurement signal(s) by the first node (110) and transmission of feedback signal(s) by the second node (120) may be performed first to determine the transmission beam of the first node (110).

[0167] non-terrestrial networks (NTN)

[0168] Figures 12 and 13 illustrate examples of NTN scenarios to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0169] NTN can represent a network or network segment that uses radio frequency (RF) resources mounted on a satellite (or unmanned aerial system (UAS) platform).

[0170] Figure 12 shows an example of a typical scenario of NTN based on transparent payload, and Figure 13 shows an example of a typical scenario of NTN based on regenerative payload.

[0171] Referring to Figure 12, a satellite (or UAS platform) can establish a service link with a terminal. The satellite (or UAS platform) can be connected to a gateway via a feeder link. The satellite can be connected to a data network via the gateway. The beam footprint can refer to the area where the signal transmitted by the satellite can be received.

[0172] Referring to Figure 13, a satellite (or UAS platform) can establish a service link with a terminal. A satellite (or UAS platform) connected to a terminal can be connected to another satellite (or UAS platform) via an inter-satellite link (ISL). The other satellite (or UAS platform) can be connected to a gateway via a feeder link. Based on the regenerated payload, the satellite can be connected to a data network through another satellite and the gateway. If an ISL does not exist between the satellite and another satellite, a feeder link between the satellite and the gateway may be required.

[0173] Figures 12 and 13 are merely examples of NTN scenarios, and NTN can be implemented based on various scenarios. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) can implement a transparent or regenerative (e.g., with onboard processing) payload. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) can generate multiple beams across a designated service area depending on the field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform). For example, the field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform) can vary depending on the onboard antenna diagram and the minimum elevation angle.

[0174] For example, a transparent payload may include radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification. Therefore, the waveform signal repeated by the payload may remain unchanged.

[0175] For example, a regenerative payload may include radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation / decoding, switching and / or routing, and coding / modulation. For example, a regenerative payload may be substantially equivalent to mounting all or part of a base station function on a satellite (or UAS platform).

[0176] Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC)

[0177] Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (or range) of an object, and thus obtain information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment. Because radio frequency sensing does not require a networked device to connect to the object, it can provide a service for object positioning without a device. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from radio frequency signals can enable a wide range of new capabilities, such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, humans, animals, UAVs), and high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. Wireless sensing services can provide information to a variety of industries (e.g., drones, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.), enabling applications such as intruder detection, assisted vehicle steering and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, and health and traffic management. In some cases, wireless sensing can utilize non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of wireless sensing services, such as sensing operations, may depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing offers an opportunity to enhance existing communication systems from a communications network to a wireless communication and sensing network.

[0178] FIG. 14 illustrates examples of sensing operations to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0179] Specifically, Fig. 14(a) shows an example of a monostatic sensing operation using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located in the same location. Fig. 14(b) shows an example of a bistatic sensing operation using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located in separate locations. A sensing signal transmitted from a sensing transmitter is reflected / scattered by a sensing object, and the sensing receiver can receive the signal, and extract / obtain sensing data based on the received signal. A sensing result can be generated / determined through appropriate processing of the sensing data. The sensing result can be provided to a trusted third-party entity / service outside the 3GPP system through an entity / service within the 3GPP system.

[0180] Low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) and low-power wake-up receiver (LP-WUR)

[0181] User devices or terminals in existing wireless communication systems consume tens of milliwatts of power even in RRC idle / inactive states, and hundreds of milliwatts in RRC connected states. To reduce power consumption and improve user experience, various methods are being discussed to extend battery life or improve energy efficiency.

[0182] Energy efficiency is even more important for devices with limited or no continuous energy sources (e.g., sensors, actuators, wearable devices, etc.). Power consumption can vary depending on the length of the wake-up interval (e.g., paging cycle). While longer extended-discontinuous reception (eDRX) cycles can be used to meet battery life requirements, this may not be suitable for low-latency applications (e.g., fire sensors and fire extinguisher actuators).

[0183] Terminals in existing wireless communication systems are required to wake up periodically, once per DRX cycle. This leads to power consumption even when there is no signal or data traffic for the terminal. If the terminal were to wake up only when triggered, such as by paging, power consumption could be significantly reduced. To achieve this, a wake-up signal can be used to trigger the main radio (MR), and a separate receiver that can monitor the wake-up signal with ultra-low power consumption can be used. The MR operates for data transmission and reception and can be turned off or set to deep sleep unless turned on.

[0184] In the present disclosure, MR refers to a transmit / receive module that operates on general wireless (e.g., NR) signals / channels, excluding signals / channels related to low-power wake-up. Additionally, a low-power-wake-up receiver (LP-WUR), which may also be referred to as LR, refers to a receiver module that operates to receive / process signals / channels related to low-power wake-up.

[0185] For LP-WUS and LP-WUR: IoT applications such as industrial wireless sensors, controllers, and actuators; wearable applications such as smartwatches, smart rings, and medical monitoring devices; and eMBB applications such as XR / smart glasses and smartphones.

[0186] For LP-WUS and LP-WUR, considering the benefits and scope of power savings and the resulting impact on system overhead and network energy, it is necessary to design an architecture for LP-WUR and define / change procedures and protocols for lower layers (e.g., L1 PHY) and upper layers (e.g., L2 MAC, L3 RRC, etc.) that support LP-WUS.

[0187] Accordingly, when sufficient relaxation is applied to MR radio resource management (RRM) measurements in RRC idle / inactive mode, it is expected that significantly reduced terminal power consumption can be achieved by triggering MR paging monitoring of the terminal using LP-WUS / WUR, compared to both with and without paging early indication (PEI) in I-DRX (idle-DRX). In addition, unlike the existing eDRX operation where paging monitoring is limited within the PTW (paging time window), it is expected that paging latency can be significantly reduced when monitoring paging after LP-WUS monitoring and MR wake-up, and thus terminal power consumption can be reduced. In addition, it is expected that reduced terminal power consumption can be achieved even in RRC connected mode when LP-WUS / WUR is used to trigger the terminal to monitor PDCCH in MR, and the MR enters a deep sleep state while LR is performing LP-WUS monitoring.

[0188] In addition, since the terminal must wake up at regular intervals to perform RRM measurements in addition to receiving paging through MR, it is expected that terminal power consumption can be reduced if some or all of the RRM measurements through MR can be offloaded to be performed through LR.

[0189] In this way, the longer the MR power off / sleep / deep sleep state is maintained, the more power consumption of the terminal can be reduced.

[0190] To make LP-WUS universally applicable to both RRC idle / inactive mode and RRC connection, OOK-based (e.g., OOK-1 and / or OOK-4) LP-WUS can be specified by superimposing OFDM sequences on OOK (on-off keying) symbols. In addition, the design of LP-WUS should ensure that the same information is conveyed regardless of the type of LP-WUR for idle / inactive operation, and that OFDM sequences can carry the information. In addition, duty-cycle based monitoring can be supported for LP-WUS.

[0191] Briefly explain the OOK-1 and OOK-4 methods.

[0192] Basically, the OOK scheme may include generating a multiple carrier-amplitude shift keying (MC-ASK) waveform. For example, an N-length LP-WUS and a typical wireless communication signal (e.g., a legacy NR signal) may be mapped to K subcarriers (e.g., SC#0 to SC#K-1). Specifically, an N-length LP-WUS signal may be mapped to SC#0 to SC#N-1, and a legacy NR signal may be mapped to SC#N to SC#K-1. The K subcarriers may be converted to a time domain signal through an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT), and a cyclic prefix (CP) may be appended to generate an OFDM symbol including the CP. Here, K is the size of the IFFT of CP-OFDMA (cyclic prefix-OFDMA), and N corresponds to the number of subcarriers (SCs) used in LP-WUS including a potential guard band.

[0193] In the OOK-1 scheme, information about a single bit can be signaled through a single OFDM symbol. OOK=1 can mean that all SCs are modulated, and OOK=0 can mean that all SCs have zero power (from a baseband perspective).

[0194] In the OOK-4 scheme, an M-bit OOK can be transformed in the time domain. For example, for an LP-WUS time domain signal of length N' samples for M bits, it is transformed into a frequency domain signal through DFT / LS (discrete Fourier transform / least square), and N-length OOK-1 LP-WUS subcarriers can be generated with or without signal truncation / modification (when N' is different from (greater than) N) or without (when N' is equal to N). This N-length LP-WUS signal and a general wireless communication signal (e.g., legacy NR signal) are mapped to K subcarriers (e.g., SC#0 to SC#K-1) (N' may be equal to K), and through IFFT+CP, one OFDM symbol including CP can be generated. Information for M bits can be signaled in this one OFDM symbol.

[0195] In the case of OOK-4, the Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence, M-sequence, and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) sequence before applying DFT / LS have a lot of phase variation, so a flat spectrum is expected and can provide robustness against frequency-selective fading. In addition, when DFT is applied to OOK-4 (e.g., when the value of M is 2 or greater), a frequency shift in the frequency domain or a -1 / 1 alternation in time may be applied to match the CP-OFDM generation. If the sequence(s) used for LP-WUS generation are repeated in the frequency domain, the diversity of MC-OOK and the robustness against frequency offset of MC-FSK (multiple carrier-frequency shift keying) can be improved.

[0196] In the present disclosure, a symbol modulated by OOK-1 or OOK-4 may be referred to as an OOK symbol (or OOK signal). Unless explicitly distinguished in the present disclosure, an OOK symbol / signal may mean a symbol / signal modulated by OOK-1 and / or OOK-4.

[0197] The synchronization signal (SS) used in LP-WUR may be referred to as LP-SS. For example, LP-SS may be an aperiodic signal transmitted as part of LP-WUS. In this case, LP-SS may or may not be transmitted additionally separately from LP-WUS. Alternatively, LP-SS may be a periodic signal transmitted separately from LP-WUS. Alternatively, LP-SS may include both an aperiodic signal transmitted as part of LP-WUS and a periodic signal transmitted separately from LP-WUS.

[0198] With respect to RRM measurements performed in LP-WUR, measurement metrics may include signal quality, signal power, LP-WUS / SS detection rate, etc. For RRM serving cell measurements performed by LP-WUR based on reference signals, LP-RSSI (received signal strength indicator) or energy detection, LP-RSRP, LP-SINR, LP-RSRQ, etc. may be defined. As these reference signals, SSB, LP-WUS-waveform sequence, LP-SS, etc. may be used.

[0199] Periodic LP-SS may also be used for RRM measurements by LP-WUR, coarse time synchronization of LP-WUR, coarse frequency synchronization of LP-WUR, etc.

[0200] If LP-WUR can receive existing primary synchronization signal (PSS) / secondary synchronization signal (SSS), which may be assisted by PBCH-DMRS (demodulation reference signal) / TRS (tracking reference signal), it may also use it for RRM measurement / time synchronization / frequency synchronization.

[0201] The coverage (e.g., reach / range) of a periodic LP-SS may be better than or equal to that of an LP-WUS.

[0202] For precise time / frequency synchronization, additional signals (e.g., a preamble) may be used before or as part of the LP-WUS.

[0203] As for the LP-SS period, 320ms can be supported. For example, periods of 80ms, 160ms, 640ms, 1280ms, 2560ms, 5120ms, and 10240ms may also be supported for LP-SS.

[0204] Additional synchronization signals for LP-SS may or may not be present. If present, additional synchronization signals may be configured for the terminal by signaling from the network, and / or may be predefined as present (without separate signaling) when certain conditions are met. For example, in OOK modulation for LP-WUS, additional synchronization signals may or may not be present depending on the value of M.

[0205] LP-SS sequence

[0206] In this disclosure, a method for generating and setting an LP-SS sequence is described.

[0207] While the following description describes a specific wireless communication system (e.g., an NR system) as an example of a wireless communication system to which the examples of the present disclosure apply, the scope of application of the present disclosure is not limited to a specific wireless communication system. The examples of the present disclosure can be applied to any wireless communication system within the scope that maintains the characteristics of the invention.

[0208] In order to reduce the number of times a terminal wakes up the MR, it is necessary to receive a synchronization signal (e.g., LP-SS) in advance or simultaneously with the wake-up signal (e.g., LP-WUS) introduced. The present disclosure describes a method for generating a sequence for LP-SS and a method for setting the same.

[0209] In conventional wireless communication systems, a base station can generate and transmit OFDM signals to send control / data signals to a terminal. In this case, the terminal requires relatively accurate synchronization to receive the OFDM signal, and for this purpose, a coherent detection and demodulation-based receiver can be utilized. Such a receiver may require power-consuming RF modules such as a bandpass filter (BPF), fast Fourier transform (FFT), and local oscillator, as well as a baseband module. In LP-WUR that receives LP-WUS, a non-coherent detection and demodulation-based receiver can be utilized instead of the power-consuming modules mentioned above to receive signals at low power. As an LP-WUS signal for such a low-power receiver, an OOK-1 / OOK-4 signal (with or without an overlaid OFDM sequence) can be used. These OOK-1 / OOK-4 signals are used as MC-OOK signals to make full use of the OFDM transmitter of the base station, and the signal generation method and maximum number of bits that can be transmitted may vary depending on the option.

[0210] Additionally, receiver capabilities may vary depending on the WUR type. For example, some WURs may have the capability to detect OFDM sequences overlaid on OOK signals, while others may not. Supporting OFDM sequences overlaid on OOK signals may increase coverage or allow additional bits to be transmitted.

[0211] In this disclosure, WUR types are classified as follows according to their capabilities:

[0212] WUR type 1 corresponds to LP-WUR, which can only handle envelope detection;

[0213] WUR type 2 corresponds to LP-WUR that can perform FFT operation by having a frequency domain correlator; and

[0214] WUR type 3 corresponds to LP-WUR with a time domain correlator.

[0215] In this disclosure, the transmission scheme of LP-SS is classified as follows:

[0216] Transmission method 1: LP-SS is transmitted as part of LP-WUS and corresponds to a signal transmitted aperiodically;

[0217] Transmission method 2: LP-SS is transmitted separately from LP-WUS and corresponds to a signal that is transmitted periodically;

[0218] Transmission method 3: By applying both transmission methods 1 and 2, LP-SS is transmitted aperiodically as part of LP-WUS, and also periodically separately from LP-WUS.

[0219] The aperiodic LP-SS described above may be transmitted as a part of the LP-WUS or in the form of a preamble. The aperiodic LP-SS may be transmitted together with (or included in) the LP-WUS when there is a transmission of the LP-WUS, but the aperiodic LP-SS may not be transmitted when there is no transmission of the LP-WUS. The LP-WUS may be transmitted to the terminal when an event that requires waking up the MR of the terminal occurs. That is, the LP-WUS is transmitted based on an event, and the aperiodic LP-SS may be transmitted together with the LP-WUS when the LP-WUS is transmitted based on such an event.

[0220] The present disclosure describes various examples of methods for generating and setting OOK-1 and / or OOK-4 sequences, which are waveforms used for LP-SS. The examples of the present disclosure can be applied to both cases where an OFDM sequence is applied to be overlaid on an LP-SS and cases where an OFDM sequence is not applied to be overlaid on an LP-SS.

[0221] FIG. 15 is a drawing for explaining an example of a method performed by a terminal according to the present disclosure.

[0222] In S1510, the terminal may receive a first signal associated with synchronization from the network based on a first cycle, and a second signal associated with radio resource management (RRM) from the network based on a second cycle.

[0223] In some examples, the sequence for the first signal (e.g., the sequence used to generate the first signal) and the sequence for the second signal (e.g., the sequence used to generate the second signal) may be based on a common sequence. For example, the sequence for the first signal may be generated based on a specific sequence (or a specific sequence generation rule), and the sequence for the second signal may also be generated based on the specific sequence (or the specific sequence generation rule). For example, the first signal may be generated based on the same specific sequence as the second signal, and each period may be distinguished as a first period and a second period.

[0224] In some examples, the first signal may be used to obtain time / frequency synchronization information of the terminal. The second signal may be used to measure one or more of signal strength, signal power, signal-to-noise and interference ratio, or signal quality of the terminal.

[0225] In some examples, during one or more first opportunities in a first cycle, the terminal may monitor and receive a first signal. During one or more second opportunities in a second cycle, the terminal may monitor and receive a second signal. Based on a specific signal received during an overlapping first and second opportunities, synchronization may be performed and RRM measurements may also be performed.

[0226] For example, a particular signal received at an overlapping opportunity may be a first signal. Alternatively, a particular signal received at an overlapping opportunity may be a second signal. Alternatively, a sequence of a first signal corresponding to an overlapping opportunity may be identical to a sequence of a second signal corresponding to an overlapping opportunity. Alternatively, a sequence of a first signal expected to be received at an overlapping opportunity may be identical to a sequence of a second signal expected to be received at an overlapping opportunity.

[0227] In some examples, additional synchronization signals may be transmitted from the network to the terminal. For example, the additional synchronization signals may be transmitted aperiodically from the network to the terminal. For example, the additional synchronization signals may be transmitted together with (or as part of) the WUS signal described below.

[0228] In some examples, the symbol boundary for the first signal may be the same as the symbol boundary for the second signal. For example, the length of the sequence for the first signal may be the same as the length of the sequence for the second signal. For example, the length of the sequence for the first signal and the length of the sequence for the second signal may have (the same) even length.

[0229] In some examples, randomization may be applied to the generation of the first and second signals.

[0230] For example, randomization may be applied in the time domain (e.g., at a stage after IFFT processing or at a stage before DFT processing) or in the frequency domain (e.g., at a stage before IFFT processing), based on one or more of the OOK schemes (e.g., OOK-1 or OOK-2) or the multiplexing scheme with other signals (e.g., whether the multiplexing with the signals / channels transmitted / received in the MR is TDM or FDM).

[0231] For example, randomization may be applied on an OOK symbol basis or on an OFDM symbol basis, based on one or more of the lengths of the OOK scheme (e.g., OOK-1 or OOK-2) or the overlaid OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) sequences.

[0232] For example, the cyclic shift (CS) index associated with randomization may be calculated based on information about one or more candidates for the CS index set / indicated to the terminal. Alternatively, the CS index associated with randomization may be calculated based on a cell identifier (e.g., a physical cell identifier, a virtual cell identifier, or a subgroup of cell identifiers) without separate signaling to the terminal.

[0233] In step S1520, the terminal may receive a wake-up signal (WUS) from the network based on at least one of the first signal or the second signal.

[0234] For example, WUS can be received based on time / frequency synchronization information obtained by the first signal.

[0235] In the example of Fig. 15, SS and WUS can be received by the low-power wake-up receiver (LP-WUR) of the terminal. For example, SS can be a low-power-SS (LP-SS) and WUS can be a low-power-WUS (LP-WUS).

[0236] The method described in the example of FIG. 15 may be performed by the wireless device (200) of FIG. 3 corresponding to the first node (110) of FIG. 2 described above. For example, one or more processors (202) of the wireless device (200) of FIG. 3 may be configured to receive a first signal associated with synchronization through one or more transceivers (206) based on a first cycle, receive a second signal associated with radio resource management through one or more transceivers (206) based on a second cycle, and receive a WUS through one or more transceivers (206) based on one or more of the first signal or the second signal. For example, the one or more transceivers (206) may include an LP-WUR. Furthermore, one or more memories (204) of the wireless device (200) may store instructions for performing the method described in the example of FIG. 15 or the examples described below when executed by one or more processors (202).

[0237] FIG. 16 is a drawing illustrating an example of a method performed by a base station according to the present disclosure.

[0238] In step S1610, the base station can transmit a first signal associated with synchronization to the terminal based on a first cycle, and transmit a second signal associated with radio resource management to the terminal based on a second cycle.

[0239] The first signal and / or the second signal may be transmitted to a specific terminal, to a group of terminals, or to all terminals within a cell.

[0240] In step S1620, the base station may transmit a wake-up signal (WUS) to the terminal based on at least one of the first signal or the second signal.

[0241] The specific characteristics of the first signal, the second signal, and the WUS are the same as those described with reference to the example of Fig. 15, so redundant descriptions are omitted.

[0242] The method described in the example of FIG. 16 may be performed by the wireless device (200) of FIG. 3 corresponding to the second node (120) of FIG. 2 described above. For example, one or more processors (202) of the wireless device (200) of FIG. 3 may be configured to transmit a first signal associated with synchronization through one or more transceivers (206) based on a first cycle, a second signal associated with radio resource management through one or more transceivers (206) based on a second cycle, and transmit a WUS through one or more transceivers (206) based on one or more of the first signal or the second signal. The terminal to which the wireless device (200) transmits the first signal / second signal / WUS may be a terminal that has notified the base station that it has the LP-WUR capability or a terminal that the base station knows in advance. Furthermore, one or more memories (204) of the wireless device (200) may store instructions for performing the method described in the example of FIG. 16 or the examples described below when executed by one or more processors (202).

[0243] In the present disclosure, setting or pre-setting specific information for a terminal may mean that the specific information is provided by upper layer (e.g., L3 RRC) signaling from the network. In the present disclosure, indicating specific information for a terminal may mean that the specific information is provided by lower layer (e.g., L2 MAC or L1 PDCCH / DCI) signaling from the network. For example, if information A including candidate values ​​a1, a2, a3, ... is set for a terminal (via upper layer signaling), and a1 among them is indicated to the terminal (via lower layer signaling), the terminal can operate based on the value a1. In the present disclosure, pre-defining specific information may mean that the network and the terminal each assume or know in advance that the specific information exists / is applied without signaling between the network and the terminal.

[0244] Below, various examples of the present disclosure for sequences applicable to transmission / reception of LP-SS and / or LP-WUS are described.

[0245] FIG. 17 and FIG. 18 are diagrams for explaining examples of the OOK method for an LP signal according to the present disclosure.

[0246] The LP signal may include LP-SS and / or LP-WUS. That is, the examples of FIGS. 17 and 18 may be applied to both LP-SS and LP-WUS.

[0247] Referring to Fig. 17, for example, among the total K subcarriers (SC#0, ..., SC#K-1), an LP signal of length N can be mapped to SC#0, SC#1, ..., SC#N-1, and a legacy signal of length KN can be mapped to SC#N, SC#N+1, ..., SC#K-1. An OFDM symbol (including a CP) can be generated through an IFFT transform and CP addition for the K subcarriers. In an OOK-1 scheme such as the example of Fig. 17, information for a single bit can be signaled through one OFDM symbol. OOK=1 can mean that all SCs are modulated, and OOK=0 can mean that all SCs have zero power (from a baseband perspective).

[0248] Referring to Fig. 18, for example, when M = 4 bits, an LP signal of length N' samples corresponding to a 4-bit sequence 1001 can be generated. The signal of length N' is converted into a frequency domain signal through DFT / LS, and, if necessary, truncation / modification can be applied so that N subcarriers of OOK-1 can be generated for the LP signal. This LP signal of length N and a legacy signal of length KN can be mapped to K subcarriers, and through IFFT+CP, one OFDM symbol including CP can be generated. Information for M bits can be signaled through this one OFDM symbol.

[0249] In the various examples of the present disclosure described below, the fact that the first sequence and the second sequence are identical may mean that the values ​​of the two sequences themselves are identical, or that the rules for generating the two sequences are identical, or that the two sequences are based on a common sequence. For example, it may be assumed that a sequence is generated based on a specific sequence (or a specific formula), and the values ​​of the sequence are calculated differently depending on the situation in which the sequence is transmitted (e.g., time resource index, frequency resource index, cell index, etc.). In this case, the values ​​of the first sequence in the first situation and the values ​​of the second sequence in the second situation may be different, but the first sequence and the second sequence can be referred to as the same sequence because they are generated based on the same specific sequence (or specific formula). That is, if all factors considered in the generation of the first sequence and the second sequence are assumed to have the same value and the values ​​of the first sequence and the second sequence are the same, the first sequence and the second sequence can be expressed as the same sequence.

[0250] Example 1

[0251] This embodiment is about sequence design for LP-SS.

[0252] In the OOK method, the number of samples required to transmit 1 bit is assumed to be W_pulse. For example, in the case of OOK-1, a total of W_pulse samples may be required to transmit / indicate 1 bit. In the case of OOK-4, M*W_pulse samples may be required to transmit / indicate M bits. Therefore, the number of samples corresponding to W_pulse may vary depending on whether OOK-1 or OOK-4 is applied. Assuming and comparing the case of transmitting / indicating the same N bits, in the case of OOK-1, N*W_pulse samples may be required to transmit / indicate N bits, and in the case of OOK-4, (N / M)*W_pulse samples may be required to transmit / indicate N bits. For convenience of explanation, in the examples described below, it is assumed that 1 bit is mapped to one W_pulse regardless of OOK-1 and OOK-4.

[0253] As mentioned above, in order to efficiently utilize resources, when generating an MC-OOK signal using only some subcarrier(s) of OFDM, the remaining subcarrier(s) not used for generating the MC-OOK signal can be used for other purposes (e.g., other signals / channels transmitted / received in MR). In order to avoid interference with other signals / channels of MR, the generated MC-OOK signal can also be generated in a CP-OFDM structure like the OFDM waveform of MR, which can help the coexistence of the MC-OOK signal and the MR signal / channel.

[0254] LP-SS and / or LP-WUS can be generated and transmitted using OOK-1 / OOK-4 signals.

[0255] In the case of OOK-1, in order to transmit / indicate 1 bit, a signal (e.g., random QPSK (quadrature phase shift keying), ZC (Zadoff-Chu) sequence, etc.) carrying energy equal to the number of subcarriers allocated to LP-SS / LP-WUS is mapped, and IFFT is applied to this to replace it with samples in the time domain, so that an ON symbol having a length of W_pulse can be generated. Alternatively, if no energy is carried in the IFFT input, an OFF symbol having a length of W_pulse can be generated.

[0256] In the case of OOK-4, to transmit / indicate M bits, the signal to be transmitted is first generated in the time domain, and then the result of applying DFT processing to it can be input to the IFFT. By applying IFFT following DFT, the M OOK symbols in the time domain that were initially generated can be transmitted / indicated.

[0257] In the examples of the present disclosure described below, an LP-SS can be represented as a sequence of length N (e.g., {s(0), ..., s(n), ..., s(N-1)}), where each of s(n) can correspond to the OOK-1 or OOK-4 symbol / signal described above.

[0258] In the following description, an aperiodic LP-SS may correspond to an LP-SS transmitted as part of an LP-WUS (e.g., in the form of a preamble). Therefore, when an LP-WUS is transmitted, an aperiodic LP-SS may also be transmitted together / adjacent to it. When an LP-WUS is not transmitted, an aperiodic LP-SS may not be transmitted either.

[0259] The LP-SS may be a reference signal for time / frequency synchronization for detection / reception of the LP-WUS and / or may be a reference signal for serving cell RRM measurements.

[0260] Example 1-1

[0261] This embodiment is about a method of separately setting / defining a sequence for synchronization purpose / use and a sequence for RRM measurement purpose / use.

[0262] Example 1-1-1

[0263] Two different sequences can be transmitted sequentially via aperiodic / periodic LP-SS.

[0264] For example, two different sequences, {a(1),...,a(L1)} and {b(1),...,b(L2)}, can be defined. Here, we can assume that seq_sync = {a(1),...,a(L1)}, which is associated with synchronization, and seq_RRM = {b(1),...,b(L2)}, which is associated with RRM measurement. Alternatively, seq_RRM = {a(1),...,a(L1)}, which is associated with RRM measurement, can be seq_sync = {b(1),...,b(L2)}, which is associated with synchronization.

[0265] In this case, the periodic LP-SS can be configured as {a(1),...,a(L1),b(1),...,b(L2)}. The length L1 of the sequence a(n) and the length L2 of the sequence b(n) can be predefined or set through upper layer signaling such as RRC, SIB1, etc. L1 and L2 can be the same or different. For example, the value of L can be defined / set when L=L1=L2.

[0266] When an aperiodic LP-SS is transmitted, the aperiodic LP-SS can also be configured as {a(1),...,a(L1),b(1),...,b(L2)}. The transmission of such an LP-SS is not subject to periodicity, and it can be transmitted as a part of an LP-WUS (e.g., in the form of a preamble of an LP-WUS, or with an LP-SS attached (without a gap) before an LP-WUS), or it can be transmitted in advance (with a predetermined gap) before an LP-WUS.

[0267] Example 1-1-2

[0268] Aperiodic / periodic LP-SS allows two different sequences to be transmitted on distinct resources. For example, two different sequences may be multiplexed on distinct resources in the time domain (TDM), or on distinct resources in the frequency domain (FDM).

[0269] For example, two different sequences, {a(1),...,a(L1)} and {b(1),...,b(L2)}, can be defined. Here, we can assume that seq_sync = {a(1),...,a(L1)}, which is associated with synchronization, and seq_RRM = {b(1),...,b(L2)}, which is associated with RRM measurement. Alternatively, seq_RRM = {a(1),...,a(L1)}, which is associated with RRM measurement, can be seq_sync = {b(1),...,b(L2)}, which is associated with synchronization.

[0270] For example, {a(1),...,a(L1)} may be mapped / transmitted on a first time resource (on the same frequency resource) and {b(1),...,b(L2)} may be mapped / transmitted and transmitted on a second time resource. The first time resource and the second time resource may be continuous in the time domain. Alternatively, the first time resource and the second time resource may be discontinuous in the time domain (e.g., spaced apart by a predetermined time offset).

[0271] For example, {a(1),...,a(L1)} may be mapped / transmitted to subcarriers on a first frequency resource (on the same time resource), and {b(1),...,b(L2)} may be mapped / transmitted to subcarriers on a second frequency resource. The first frequency resource and the second frequency resource may be continuous in the frequency domain. Alternatively, the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource may be discontinuous in the frequency domain (e.g., spaced apart by a predetermined frequency offset).

[0272] Parameters for resource allocation in the sequence length L1, L2, and / or time / frequency domains may be predefined or configured for the terminal via higher layer signaling such as RRC or SIB1. L1 and L2 may be identical or different. For example, the L value may be defined / configured if L=L1=L2.

[0273] When an aperiodic LP-SS is transmitted, the aperiodic LP-SS may also be transmitted by mapping {a(1),...,a(L1)} and {b(1),...,b(L2)} onto time / frequency resources in a TDM or FDM manner. The transmission of such an LP-SS is not subject to periodization, and may be transmitted as a part of an LP-WUS (e.g., in the form of a preamble of an LP-WUS, or by attaching an LP-SS (without a gap) in front of an LP-WUS), or may be transmitted in advance (with a predetermined gap) of an LP-WUS.

[0274] Example 1-1-3

[0275] A sequence associated with synchronization may be transmitted via a periodic LP-SS, and a sequence associated with serving cell RRM measurements may be transmitted via an aperiodic LP-SS. Alternatively, a sequence associated with serving cell RRM measurements may be transmitted via a periodic LP-SS, and a sequence associated with synchronization may be transmitted via an aperiodic LP-SS.

[0276] For example, let's assume that the parameter for the sequence of periodic LP-SS is periodic_seq and the parameter for the sequence of aperiodic LP-SS is aperiodic_seq. In this case, they can be set / defined as periodic_seq=seq_sync and aperiodic_seq=seq_RRM. Alternatively, they can be set / defined as periodic_seq=seq_RRM and aperiodic_seq=seq_sync.

[0277] In this case, seq_sync and seq_RRM can be flexibly set by the base station considering the channel environment or coverage, or each sequence can be predefined.

[0278] Aperiodic LP-SS may be transmitted as part of an LP-WUS (e.g., in the form of a preamble of an LP-WUS, or with an LP-SS attached (without a gap) before the LP-WUS), or may be transmitted in advance (spaced by a predetermined gap) before the LP-WUS.

[0279] Example 1-2

[0280] This embodiment is about a method of applying the same sequence without distinguishing the purpose / use of synchronization and RRM measurement.

[0281] Example 1-2-1

[0282] Sequences (associated with synchronization and RRM measurements) can be transmitted via periodic LP-SS.

[0283] For example, these sequences may be flexibly set by the base station considering the channel environment or coverage, or the sequences may be predefined.

[0284] Based on one identical sequence detected / received at a given opportunity, the terminal may perform synchronization, or perform RRM measurement, or perform synchronization and RRM measurement.

[0285] Example 1-2-2

[0286] Sequences (associated with synchronization and RRM measurements) can be transmitted via aperiodic LP-SS.

[0287] For example, these sequences may be flexibly set by the base station considering the channel environment or coverage, or the sequences may be predefined.

[0288] Aperiodic LP-SS may be transmitted as part of an LP-WUS (e.g., in the form of a preamble of an LP-WUS, or with an LP-SS attached (without a gap) before the LP-WUS), or may be transmitted in advance (spaced by a predetermined gap) before the LP-WUS.

[0289] In the examples of Embodiment 1-2, unlike the examples of Embodiment 1-1, the terminal can perform synchronization and / or RRM measurement based on one and the same sequence (e.g., sequences based on a common sequence (or a common sequence generation formula)). Here, a first period in which the terminal can use the sequence for synchronization and a second period in which the terminal can use the same sequence for RRM measurement can be separately set / defined. For example, the terminal can perform synchronization (only) based on a sequence received in one or more first opportunities occurring according to the first period, and perform RRM measurement (only) based on a sequence received in one or more second opportunities occurring according to the second period. Here, if a sequence received in one or more opportunities occurring according to a first cycle is called a first sequence, and a sequence received in one or more opportunities occurring according to a second cycle is called a second sequence, the first sequence and the second sequence may correspond to the same sequence, or may correspond to sequences based on a common sequence, or may correspond to sequences generated according to a common sequence generation formula.

[0290] For example, it can be assumed that the period of the LP-SS associated with synchronization is set / defined as 20 ms and the period of the LP-SS associated with RRM measurement is set / defined as 40 ms. In this case, the terminal can perform the synchronization operation every 20 ms and the RRM measurement operation every 40 ms based on the same sequence. The terminal can perform the synchronization operation and the RRM measurement operation based on a sequence (e.g., one sequence) received at the time when the first and second cycles overlap.

[0291] In this case, the transmission period of the LP-SS can be set / defined as the minimum value (i.e., min(1st period, 2nd period)) between the first period (e.g., synchronization period) and the second period (e.g., RRM measurement period). This period of the LP-SS can be set / indicated through a higher layer parameter (e.g., RRC, SIB, etc.) or can be predefined.

[0292] Example 1-3

[0293] In the examples of Example 1-1, the two different sequences may correspond to different types of sequences, or may correspond to sequences of the same type but that can be distinguished (e.g., when the cyclic shift (CS) values ​​applied to each sequence are different).

[0294] For example, the seq_sync and seq_RRM of the LP-SS may correspond to sequences known to the terminal, which the base station configures for the terminal through RRC signaling / SIB or which are generated according to a predefined formula. Detection of the LP-SS can be performed through correlation of the corresponding sequences in the LP-WUR of the terminal. Therefore, the better the auto-correlation property of the sequence included in the LP-SS, the more smoothly the sequence detection can be performed.

[0295] When non-coherent detection is performed via LP-WUR for LP-SS / LP-WUS, correlation in the time domain can be performed. If the LP-SS consists of an OOK signal, correlation can be performed using a binary PN (pseudo random noise) sequence. The length of the binary PN sequence utilized here can be either even or odd. If the sequence length is odd, it is difficult to align the OFDM symbol boundary, and if the sequence length is even, it can be easy to align the OFDM symbol boundary.

[0296] For example, the known m-sequence and Gold sequence are 2 N The length is fixed to -1, and a method is needed to match sequences with odd lengths to even lengths. Furthermore, in cases where the number of OOK symbols included in one OFDM symbol is even, it may be necessary to match sequences (with odd lengths) to even lengths.

[0297] Example 1-3-1

[0298] If the length of the sequence is odd, the length can be made even by inserting a guard time at the beginning or end of the sequence. For example, a guard time may correspond to an OFF symbol in OOK.

[0299] For example, an OFF symbol can be inserted before or after an odd-length sequence set by a base station to derive an even-length sequence. This can mitigate interference from other signals.

[0300] Example 1-3-2

[0301] If the length of the sequence is odd, the length can be made even by inserting a dummy element at the beginning or end of the sequence. For example, a dummy element (or dummy sequence) may correspond to an ON symbol or an OFF symbol in OOK.

[0302] For example, an ON symbol may be inserted before or after an (odd-length) sequence set by a base station to derive an even-length sequence. Accordingly, automatic gain control (AGC), which may be performed with LP-SS, may be performed more quickly than in Example 1-3-1. In addition, additional information or messages (e.g., instructions for monitoring or skipping LP-WUS opportunities) may be transmitted through the ON symbol added to the LP-SS.

[0303] Example 1-4

[0304] LP-SS can be supported across all RRC states: connected, inactive, and idle. For example, a terminal can detect and receive LP-SS in each of the RRC connected, inactive, and idle states, and perform synchronization and RRM measurements accordingly. Since various RRC states are supported, it may be necessary to support various coverages (or distances). To achieve this, repeated transmission of LP-SS can be used to support various coverages.

[0305] FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an example of sequence repetition transmission according to the present disclosure.

[0306] In the example of Fig. 19, the case where the number of repetitions of sequence S is K is exemplified. For example, K may be 4. This number of repetitions can be set by the base station to the terminal through RRC signaling / SIB, etc.

[0307] Repeated transmission of identical sequences can lead to issues with spectral shaping. Therefore, while repeating the same sequence, different cyclic shift (CS) values ​​can be applied to each repeated sequence. These CS values ​​can be provided to the terminal through RRC signaling or can be predefined.

[0308] Below, we explain examples of applying CS values.

[0309] Example 1-4-1

[0310] The CS value can be sequentially increased in repetitions of the sequence.

[0311] For example, if the same sequence S is repeatedly transmitted from resources #0, #1, #2, and #3, the starting CS index value X and the CS index interval value Y for the first sequence (e.g., sequence S transmitted from resource #0) can be set / instructed to the terminal.

[0312] For example, let sequence S be a sequence of OOK symbols in the time domain. The length of sequence S (e.g., seq_length) may be predefined or set (semi-statically) by higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling / SIB, etc.).

[0313] For example, the CS index of the sequence S transmitted from the kth resource can be expressed as CS index(k). For example, the CS index can be calculated by the formula CS index(k) = mod(X+(k-1)*Y, seq_length). Here, k can be 1, 2, 3, ... K. If the CS index is defined in this way, a total of K CS indices can be defined for K repetitions.

[0314] For example, we can assume that K=4, the starting CS index value X=0, the CS index interval value Y=63, and the sequence length seq_length=256. In this case, the values ​​of the CS index applied to the repeatedly transmitted sequence S may correspond to 0, 63, 126, and 189, respectively. For example, the CS index (1) applied to the sequence S in resource #0 may be 0, the CS index (2) applied to the sequence S in resource #1 may be 63, the CS index (3) applied to the sequence S in resource #2 may be 126, and the CS index (4) applied to the sequence S in resource #3 may be 189.

[0315] Example 1-4-2

[0316] The peak to average power ratio (PAPR) of the repeatedly transmitted sequence is compared assuming all possible CS values, and the CS value with the lowest PAPR can be applied.

[0317] Similar to the example above, we can assume that the sequence S is transmitted four times repeatedly from resources #0, #1, #2, and #3. In this example, rather than sequentially increasing the CS index, we can select the CS value with the lowest PAPR of the finally generated sequence.

[0318] As an example, the CS value can be selected according to the following steps. In the example below, seq#x corresponds to a sequence S transmitted from resource #x. That is, it is to distinguish the resource indexes where the same sequence S is transmitted, and seq#x and seq#y do not mean different sequences.

[0319] Step 1: Determine the CS index for sequence S(seq#0) of resource #0 as a specific value (e.g., 0).

[0320] Step 2: Increase the CS index of sequence S(seq#1) of resource #1 from 0 to seq_length-1, and determine seq#1 to which the CS index with the lowest PAPR of {seq#0, seq#1} is applied.

[0321] Step 3: Increase the CS index of seq#2 from 0 to seq_length-1, and determine seq#2 with the lowest PAPR CS index among {seq#0, seq#1, seq#2}.

[0322] Step 4: Increase the CS index of seq#3 from 0 to seq_length-1, and determine seq#3 with the lowest PAPR CS index among {seq#0, seq#1, seq#2, seq#3}.

[0323] As another example, by changing all possible combinations of different CS indices for seq#0, seq#1, seq#2, seq#3, one can determine a single combination of CS indices with the lowest PAPR of {seq#0, seq#1, seq#2, seq#3}.

[0324] In the examples of the above-described embodiments 1-4-1 and 1-4-2, the CS value may be determined using parameters set by RRC signaling / SIB1, etc., or predefined. For example, information on the applicable start CS index, CS index interval, and applicable CS value candidates may be predefined, or may be set / instructed to the terminal by the base station.

[0325] Example 1-5

[0326] Sequences of different lengths may be applied in LP-SS occasions and / or LP-WUS occasions.

[0327] For example, LP-SS opportunity and LP-WUS opportunity do not necessarily mean time / frequency resources where LP-SS / LP-WUS are transmitted / received, but may mean time / frequency resources where LP-SS / LP-WUS can be transmitted / received. LP-SS / LP-WUS may not be transmitted / received in other time / frequency resources that do not correspond to transmission / reception opportunities. LP-SS / LP-WUS transmission opportunities from the base station's perspective may correspond to LP-SS / LP-WUS monitoring opportunities from the terminal's perspective.

[0328] In the event that only LP-SS can be transmitted (e.g., LP-SS alone without LP-WUS), an LP-SS sequence optimized for the purpose / purpose of synchronization or RRM measurement can be considered for transmission, depending on whether the purpose / purpose is more appropriate at that point in time. In the case of (aperiodic) LP-SS transmitted as a preamble to LP-WUS, LP-SS for the purpose / purpose of synchronization is generally required for proper monitoring and reception of LP-WUS, and depending on the situation, transmitting LP-SS sequences for other purposes / purposes may not be optimal. For example, for the event that only LP-SS transmission is guaranteed, the length of the optimized sequence (for synchronization or RRM measurement purposes) may be very long. Also, if such an optimized sequence is used for the purpose / purpose of aperiodic LP-SS, {LP-SS + LP-WUS} transmissions may be very long. This can lead to various problems such as timing errors, interference, and reduced resource efficiency.

[0329] Accordingly, the present disclosure describes a method for distinguishing between an LP-SS sequence (e.g., a first sequence) that is transmittable in an opportunity associated with a sole transmission of an LP-SS (e.g., an {LP-SS} opportunity) and an LP-SS sequence (e.g., a second sequence) that is used in an opportunity where an aperiodic LP-SS and LP-WUS are transmitted (e.g., an {aperiodic LP-SS + LP-WUS} opportunity).

[0330] Example 1-5-1

[0331] A first sequence transmittable in {LP-SS} opportunity and a second sequence transmittable in {aperiodic LP-SS + LP-WUS} opportunity can be distinguished through repeated transmission based on cyclic shift.

[0332] The LP-SS sequence in the {LP-SS} opportunity can increase the length of the sequence through K repeated transmissions as shown in Fig. 19. For example, assuming K=4, and defining the sequence of the aperiodic LP-SS in the {aperiodic LP-SS + LP-WUS} opportunity as [seq], the LP-SS sequence in the {LP-SS} opportunity can be transmitted as [seq seq seq seq]. Here, the repeatedly transmitted [seq] can be distinguished from each other by applying an appropriate CS index value (such as the examples described in Embodiments 1-4).

[0333] Example 1-5-2

[0334] A first sequence transmittable in an {LP-SS} opportunity and a second sequence transmittable in an {aperiodic LP-SS + LP-WUS} opportunity can be distinguished based on a bit-wise sequence.

[0335] For example, an LP-SS sequence in an {LP-SS} opportunity can be generated using a combination of sequences to which bit-wise operations are applied. For example, the length of an aperiodic LP-SS can be assumed as a reference length, and the length of an LP-SS sequence in an {LP-SS} opportunity can be set / indicated based on the N value. The N value can be provided to the terminal through upper layer signaling such as RRC signaling / SIB.

[0336] For example, assuming N=2, and defining a sequence of aperiodic LP-SS in {aperiodic LP-SS + LP-WUS} opportunities as [seq], the LP-SS sequence in {LP-SS} opportunities can be defined in various ways, such as [NOT(seq) seq] or [NOT(seq) NOT(seq)] or [seq NOT(seq)]. Here, NOT(seq) corresponds to a value obtained by applying a NOT operation (an operation that converts a bit value 1 to 0 and a bit value 0 to 1) to each bit of seq. The scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the NOT operation as an example of a bit-wise operation, but can also be applied to various other bit-wise operations.

[0337] According to the examples of Embodiments 1-5 described above, the aperiodic LP-SS and the periodic LP-SS may have different sequence types and / or different lengths. For example, the periodic LP-SS may be generated and transmitted as a sequence suitable for a specific purpose (e.g., synchronization or RRM measurement) according to the instruction / configuration of the base station for each period transmitted to the terminal. If the sequence is used for RRM measurement, a sequence generated with continuous constant power may be used, and if the sequence is used for synchronization, a sequence that is slightly longer than the sequence used for RRM measurement may be preferred. This is just an example, and sequences with opposite characteristics may be applied for each purpose.

[0338] For example, the lengths of sequences used in periodic LP-SS and aperiodic LP-SS can be defined as integer multiples. Parameters for these sequence lengths / types can be predefined, or the base station can instruct / configure them to the UE through higher layer parameters (e.g., RRC signaling or SIB, etc.). For example, a periodic LP-SS can be instructed / configured as a sequence transmitted four times repeatedly in an aperiodic LP-SS. Alternatively, an aperiodic LP-SS can be instructed / configured as a sequence with a length that is 1 / 4 of that of a periodic LP-SS.

[0339] Example 2

[0340] This embodiment is for a symbol randomizer in the time domain.

[0341] In communications systems, symbol randomizers can be used for various purposes, such as interference mitigation and spectrum flattening. For example, in a communications system for LP-WUS, when the same data is repeatedly transmitted, spectral lines, a phenomenon in which strong power is concentrated at specific frequency tones, or a spectral shape in which most power is concentrated in a specific narrowband portion of the entire dedicated bandwidth, can occur. To avoid these phenomena, a symbol randomizer in the time domain may be necessary.

[0342] Below, we describe a symbol randomization scheme in the time domain for OOK-1 / OOK-4 signals that can be used in LP-SS and / or LP-WUS.

[0343] Example 2-1

[0344] Symbol randomization methods for OOK-1 and OOK-4 signals can be classified in various ways.

[0345] For OOK-1, it can be classified into cases where it is MR (e.g., legacy NR signal / channel) and FDM, and cases where it is TDM. In the case of MR and FDM, randomization can be performed in the frequency domain before IFFT. In the case of MR and TDM, randomization can be performed in the time domain after IFFT.

[0346] In the case of OOK-4, since a signal is generated by applying DFT in the time domain and applying IFFT, randomization in the time domain can be performed on samples before DFT or samples after IFFT by utilizing LFSR (linear feedback shift register) regardless of the multiplexing method with MR.

[0347] Symbol randomization of MC-OOK signals can be classified as follows:

[0348] Example 2-1-1

[0349] When LP-SS and / or LP-WUS signals are FDM'd with MR (e.g., legacy NR signals / channels), randomization may be applied in the frequency domain before the IFFT for OOK-1, and in the time domain before the DFT for OOK-4.

[0350] Since the LP-SS and / or LP-WUS signals and the legacy NR signals / channels are multiplexed in the frequency domain (or within one IFFT frequency domain), it may be difficult to randomize only the LP-SS and / or LP-WUS signal portion for the time samples at the IFFT output. Therefore, randomization may be applied in the frequency domain before the IFFT for OOK-1, or in the time domain before the DFT for OOK-4. A cyclic shift in the time domain (e.g., T_CS) may be caused by a phase rotation in the frequency domain (e.g., e jwT_CS) can correspond to. Therefore, randomization in the frequency domain applied to OOK-1 can be achieved by a cyclic shift with a phase shift having a slope of T_CS / 2π depending on the frequency.

[0351] Example 2-1-2

[0352] When LP-SS and / or LP-WUS signals are TDM'd with MR (e.g., legacy NR signals / channels), randomization may be applied in the time domain after IFFT for OOK- and in the time domain before DFT for OOK-4.

[0353] When LP-SS and / or LP-WUS signals and legacy NR signals / channels are multiplexed in the time domain rather than in the frequency domain (or within one IFFT frequency domain), a cyclic shift can be applied using an LFSR in the time domain after the IFFT or before the DFT (if using OOK-4).

[0354] Example 2-2

[0355] Symbol randomization can be classified as follows:

[0356] Example 2-2-1

[0357] Symbol randomization can be applied on a per-OOK symbol basis. For example, a cyclic shift can be applied on a per-sample basis within each OOK ON duration.

[0358] Example 2-2-2

[0359] Symbol randomization can be applied on an OFDM symbol basis. For example, a cyclic shift can be applied to each sample within the OOK ON duration by applying a single cyclic shift value to the M OOK symbols that make up an OFDM symbol.

[0360] In the case of OOK-4, since the number of OOK symbols that can be mapped to one OFDM symbol can be set in various ways, it can be classified into symbol randomization per OOK symbol and symbol randomization per OFDM symbol. Here, the symbol randomization method that can be used may be limited depending on the length of the OFDM sequence overlaid on the ON signal. For example, when a sequence of OOK symbol length is used as an OFDM sequence to be overlaid, both Embodiment 2-2-1 and Embodiment 2-2-2 can be applied to symbol randomization. For example, when a sequence of OFDM symbol length is used as an OFDM sequence to be overlaid, Embodiment 2-2-1 is difficult to apply, and Embodiment 2-2-2 can be applied to symbol randomization.

[0361] Example 2-3

[0362] The cyclic shift value used in relation to the symbol randomization method according to the transmitted signal can be set / defined as follows.

[0363] Example 2-3-1

[0364] Candidate values ​​for the cyclic shift value may be set / indicated or predefined by a higher layer (e.g., RRC).

[0365] For example, for OOK-1, it can be assumed that the sequence constituting the LP-SS has P OOK symbols, the total number of samples of the OOK symbols is sym_OOK, the starting index value of the CS is X, and the CS index interval value is Y. In this case, the CS index for the p-th OOK symbol can be expressed as CS index(p). For example, the CS index can be calculated by the formula CS index(p) = mod(X+(p-1)*Y, sym_OOK). Here, p=1, 2, 3, ..., P. This CS index can be set / instructed to the terminal for each OOK symbol, or the values ​​of parameters for calculating the CS index can be provided to the terminal so that the terminal can calculate and apply the CS index.

[0366] As another example, for OOK-4, it can be assumed that the sequence constituting the LP-SS has P OOK symbols, Q(=P / M) OFDM symbols (where M is the number of OOK symbols contained in the OFDM symbol of OOK-4), the total number of samples of the OOK symbol is sym_OOK, the total number of samples of the OFDM symbol is sym_OFDM, the start index value of CS is X, and the CS index interval value is Y.

[0367] Here, when the CS index is applied per OOK symbol, the CS index for the pth OOK symbol can be expressed as CS index (p). For example, the CS index can be calculated by the formula CS index (p) = mod (X + (p-1) * Y, sym_OOK). Here, p can be 1, 2, 3, ..., P. This CS index can be set / instructed to the terminal for each OOK symbol, or the values ​​of parameters for calculating the CS index can be provided to the terminal so that the terminal can calculate and apply the CS index.

[0368] If the CS index is applied per OFDM symbol, the CS index for the q-th OFDM symbol can be expressed as CS index (q). For example, the CS index can be calculated by the formula CS index (q) = mod (X + (q-1) * Y, sym_OFDM). Here, q = 1, 2, 3, ..., Q (= P / M). This CS index can be set / instructed to the terminal for each OFDM symbol, or the values ​​of parameters for calculating the CS index can be provided to the terminal so that the terminal can calculate and apply the CS index.

[0369] In this way, when the applicable CS index value is set / indicated among a predetermined number of candidate CS index values, the base station can determine the candidate value(s) by considering CP, coverage, etc. For example, the CS index (e.g., CS interval Y) can be determined according to the delay spread according to the channel environment. If the maximum delay spread in the NR channel is assumed to be N_CP, which is the length of CP, a CS interval as many as an integer multiple of N_CP can be set.

[0370] Example 2-3-2

[0371] The cyclic shift value can be calculated / applied based on the cell identifier. For example, the cell identifier in the examples described below can correspond to a physical cell identifier (PCID), a virtual identifier, a virtual cell identifier, or a sub-group ID.

[0372] For example, a cell identifier can be used as the initial value of an LFSR. For example, a value obtained by applying a modulo operation to the number of samples of an OOK symbol (sym_OOK) or an OFDM symbol (sym_OFDM) can also be used for the cell identifier. In the example below, it is assumed that the cell identifier is called ID, the sequence constituting the LP-SS has P OOK symbols, Q(=P / M) OFDM symbols (where M is the number of OOK symbols included in the OFDM symbol of OOK-4), the total number of samples of the OOK symbol is sym_OOK, the total number of samples of the OFDM symbol is sym_OFDM, the start index value of the CS is X, and the CS index interval value is Y.

[0373] Here, when the CS index is applied per OOK symbol, the CS index for the pth OOK symbol can be expressed as CS index(p). For example, the CS index can be calculated by the formula CS index(p) = mod(X+(p-1)*mod(ID,sym_OOK),sym_OOK). Here, p=1, 2, 3, ..., P.

[0374] If the CS index is applied per OFDM symbol, the CS index for the q-th OFDM symbol can be expressed as CS index(q). For example, the CS index can be calculated by the formula CS index(q) = mod(X+(q-1)*mod(ID,sym_OFDM), sym_OFDM). Here, q=1, 2, 3, ..., Q(=P / M).

[0375] Alternatively, when LFSR is applied, the least significant bits (LSB) X bits of the cell identifier may be used as the initial value, or a value obtained by applying a modulo operation to the X bits of the cell identifier may be used. Accordingly, inter-cell interference may be randomized.

[0376] Example 2-4

[0377] As described in Example 1, if LP-SS is defined as a specific sequence (e.g., binary PN sequence, m-sequence, Gold sequence) corresponding to 1 bit per each OOK symbol, symbol randomization or CS index can be applied separately for OOK-1 and OOK-4, respectively.

[0378] For example, for OOK-1, symbol randomization per OFDM symbol can be applied (see Examples 2-2-1 and 2-2-2).

[0379] For example, for OOK-4, symbol randomization may be applied in units of OOK symbols (see Embodiment 2-2-1), symbol randomization may be applied in units of OFDM symbols (i.e., M OOK symbols) (see Embodiment 2-2-2), or symbol randomization may be applied for a specific block (before DFT or after IFFT) corresponding to each 1 bit of LP-SS / LP-WUS.

[0380] In these examples of symbol randomization for OOK-1 / OOK-4, the inter-cell interference can also be randomized by applying the aforementioned embodiment 2-3.

[0381] The embodiments described above are combinations of components and features of the present disclosure in a predetermined form. Each component or feature should be considered optional unless explicitly stated otherwise. Each component or feature may be implemented without being combined with other components or features. Furthermore, it is also possible to form embodiments of the present disclosure by combining some components and / or features. The order of operations described in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be changed. Some components or features of one embodiment may be included in another embodiment or may be replaced with corresponding components or features of another embodiment. It is self-evident that claims that do not have an explicit citation relationship in the patent claims may be combined to form embodiments or incorporated as new claims through post-application amendments.

[0382] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the essential characteristics thereof. Therefore, the above detailed description should not be construed as limiting in any respect, but rather as illustrative. The scope of the present disclosure should be determined by a reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all modifications within the scope of equivalents of the present disclosure are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0383] The scope of the present disclosure includes software or machine-executable instructions (e.g., an operating system, an application, firmware, a program, etc.) that cause operations according to the methods of various embodiments to be executed on a device or a computer, and a non-transitory computer-readable medium having such software or instructions stored thereon and executable on the device or computer. Instructions that can be used to program a processing system to perform the features described in the present disclosure can be stored on / in a storage medium or a computer-readable storage medium, and a computer program product including such a storage medium can be used to implement the features described in the present disclosure. The storage medium can include, but is not limited to, high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM, or other random access solid state memory devices, and can include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices. The memory optionally includes one or more storage devices remotely located from the processor(s). The memory or, alternatively, the non-volatile memory device(s) within the memory comprise a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The features described in this disclosure may be incorporated into software and / or firmware stored on any of the machine-readable media, which may control the hardware of the processing system and allow the processing system to interact with other mechanisms that utilize results according to embodiments of the present disclosure. Such software or firmware may include, but is not limited to, application code, device drivers, operating systems, and execution environments / containers.

[0384] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the device of the present disclosure may include not only LTE, NR, and 6G, but also Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. For example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology and may be implemented with standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the device of the present disclosure may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. For example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and may be called by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology can be implemented by at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the device (100, 200) of the present disclosure can include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) considering low-power communication, and is not limited to the above-described names. For example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PAN) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called by various names.

[0385] The method proposed in this disclosure is explained with a focus on examples applied to 3GPP LTE / LTE-A, 5G, and 6G systems, but can be applied to various wireless communication systems in addition to 3GPP LTE / LTE-A, 5G, and 6G systems.

Claims

1. A step of receiving a first signal associated with synchronization from a network by a terminal based on a first cycle; A step of receiving a second signal associated with wireless resource management from the network by the terminal based on a second period; and A step of receiving a wake-up signal (WUS) from the network by the terminal based on at least one of the first signal or the second signal, A method wherein the sequence for the first signal and the sequence for the second signal are based on a common sequence.

2. In paragraph 1, Based on the first signal, synchronization information for at least one of time and frequency is obtained, A method in which the WUS is received on a resource based on the above synchronization information.

3. In paragraph 1, A method in which measurements are made on one or more of signal strength, signal power, signal-to-noise and interference ratio, or signal quality based on the second signal.

4. In paragraph 1, A method in which measurements associated with the synchronization and the radio resource management are performed based on signals received at one or more first occasions according to the first cycle and one or more second occasions according to the second cycle, wherein the first occasion and the second occasion overlap.

5. In paragraph 4, A method wherein the signal received at the above overlapping opportunity is one of the first signal or the second signal.

6. In paragraph 4, A method wherein the sequence of the first signal corresponding to the overlapping opportunity is identical to the sequence of the second signal corresponding to the overlapping opportunity.

7. In paragraph 1, The first signal is generated based on a sequence identical to that of the second signal, A method wherein the first cycle is different from the second cycle.

8. In paragraph 1, A method in which an additional synchronization signal is transmitted from the network to the terminal.

9. In paragraph 8, A method wherein the above additional synchronization signal is transmitted aperiodically.

10. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the symbol boundary for the first signal is the same as the symbol boundary for the second signal.

11. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the length of the sequence for the first signal is the same as the length of the sequence for the second signal.

12. In paragraph 11, A method wherein the length of the sequence for the first signal and the length of the sequence for the second signal have even lengths.

13. In paragraph 1, A method in which randomization is applied to the generation of the first signal and the second signal.

14. In paragraph 13, A method in which the above randomization is applied in the time domain or the frequency domain based on one or more of the OOK (on off keying) method or the multiplexing method with other signals.

15. In paragraph 13, A method wherein the randomization is applied based on an OOK symbol basis or an OFDM symbol basis, based on one or more of the lengths of an OOK scheme or an overlaid OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) sequence.

16. In paragraph 13, The cyclic shift (CS) index associated with the above randomization is based on one or more candidates of CS values ​​provided to the terminal, or a cell identifier.

17. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the first signal, the second signal, and the WUS are received by a low power wake-up receiver (LP-WUR) of the terminal.

18. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the first signal and the second signal are low power-SS (LP-SS), and the WUS is low power-WUS (LP-WUS).

19. One or more transceivers; and comprising one or more processors connected to said one or more transceivers, One or more of the above processors: Receiving a first signal associated with synchronization from the network through the one or more transceivers based on a first period; receiving a second signal associated with wireless resource management from the network through the one or more transceivers based on a second period; and A wake-up signal (WUS) is set to be received from the network through the one or more transceivers based on at least one of the first signal or the second signal, A terminal wherein the sequence for the first signal and the sequence for the second signal are based on a common sequence.

20. A step of transmitting a first signal associated with synchronization to a terminal by a base station based on a first cycle; A step of transmitting a second signal associated with wireless resource management to the terminal by the base station based on a second period; and A step of transmitting a wake-up signal (WUS) to the terminal by the base station based on at least one of the first signal or the second signal, A method wherein the sequence for the first signal and the sequence for the second signal are based on a common sequence.

21. One or more transmitters and receivers; and comprising one or more processors connected to said one or more transceivers, One or more of the above processors: Transmitting a first signal associated with synchronization to a terminal through the one or more transceivers based on a first cycle; Transmitting a second signal associated with wireless resource management to the terminal through the one or more transceivers based on a second period; and It is set to transmit a wake-up signal (WUS) to the terminal through the one or more transceivers based on at least one of the first signal or the second signal, A base station, wherein the sequence for the first signal and the sequence for the second signal are based on a common sequence.

22. One or more processors; and A processing device comprising one or more computer memories operatively connected to said one or more processors and storing instructions for performing a method according to any one of claims 1 to 18 based on execution by said one or more processors.

23. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing one or more instructions that are executed by one or more processors to control the performance of a method according to any one of claims 1 to 18.

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