System, method, and device for supporting communication and sensing

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a 5G or 6G communication system for supporting higher data transmission rates beyond a previous 4G communication system, such as LTE. A method of a transmission and reception point (TRP) in a system for supporting communication and sensing according to one embodiment of the present disclosure comprises the steps of: determining a first resource for transmitting a first sensing signal for a first sensing target; determining a second resource for transmitting a second sensing signal for a second sensing target; and transmitting the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal by using the first resource and the second resource.

Description

Systems, methods and devices for supporting communication and sensing

[0001] The present disclosure relates to systems, methods and devices for supporting communication and sensing.

[0002] Looking back at the evolution of wireless communication over successive generations, technologies have primarily been developed for human-facing services such as voice, multimedia, and data. With the commercialization of 5G (5th-generation) communication systems, an explosive increase in connected devices is expected to be connected to communication networks. Examples of networked objects include vehicles, robots, drones, home appliances, displays, smart sensors installed in various infrastructures, construction equipment, and factory equipment. Mobile devices are also expected to evolve into diverse form factors, such as augmented reality glasses, virtual reality headsets, and holographic devices. In the 6th-generation (6G) era, efforts are being made to develop improved 6G communication systems to connect hundreds of billions of devices and objects and provide diverse services. For this reason, 6G communication systems are often referred to as "beyond 5G."

[0003] The 6G communication system, expected to be realized around 2030, will have a maximum transmission speed of terabytes per second (i.e., 1,000 gigabits per second) and a wireless latency of 100 microseconds (μsec). In other words, compared to 5G, the transmission speed in a 6G communication system will be 50 times faster, while the wireless latency will be reduced to one-tenth.

[0004] To achieve these high data rates and ultra-low latency, 6G communication systems are being considered for implementation in the terahertz band (e.g., from 95 gigahertz (GHz) to 3 terahertz (THz)). Compared to the millimeter wave (mmWave) band introduced in 5G, the terahertz band is expected to experience more severe path loss and atmospheric absorption, making it more crucial to ensure signal reach, or coverage, in this band. Key technologies to ensure coverage include radio frequency (RF) components, antennas, new waveforms that offer better coverage than OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing), beamforming, and multiple antenna transmission technologies such as massive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO), full-dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antennas, and large-scale antennas. In addition, new technologies such as metamaterial-based lenses and antennas, high-dimensional spatial multiplexing using orbital angular momentum (OAM), and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) are being discussed to improve the coverage of terahertz band signals.

[0005] In addition, in order to improve frequency efficiency and system network, 6G communication systems are developing full duplex technology that utilizes the same frequency resources at the same time for uplink and downlink; network technology that integrates satellites and high-altitude platform stations (HAPS); network structure innovation technology that supports mobile base stations and enables optimization and automation of network operation; dynamic spectrum sharing technology through collision avoidance based on spectrum usage prediction; AI-based communication technology that utilizes artificial intelligence (AI) from the design stage and internalizes end-to-end AI support functions to realize system optimization; and next-generation distributed computing technology that realizes services with complexity that exceeds the limits of terminal computing capabilities by utilizing ultra-high-performance communication and computing resources (mobile edge computing (MEC), cloud, etc.). In addition, efforts are being made to further strengthen connectivity between devices, further optimize networks, promote softwareization of network entities, and increase the openness of wireless communications through the design of new protocols to be used in 6G communication systems, the implementation of hardware-based security environments, the development of mechanisms for the safe use of data, and the development of technologies for maintaining privacy.

[0006] Research and development of these 6G communication systems are expected to enable a new level of hyper-connected experience through the hyper-connectivity of 6G communication systems, which encompass not only connections between things but also connections between people and things. Specifically, 6G communication systems are expected to enable services such as truly immersive extended reality (Truly Immersive XR), high-fidelity mobile holograms, and digital replicas. Furthermore, services such as remote surgery, industrial automation, and emergency response, which are provided through enhanced security and reliability, will find application in diverse fields such as industry, healthcare, automotive, and home appliances.

[0007] The present disclosure relates to a method and device for providing high-speed moving object detection and risk prediction using bistatic sensing in a system supporting communication and sensing.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method of a transmission and reception point (TRP) in a system supporting communication and sensing includes the steps of: determining a first resource for transmitting a first sensing signal for a first sensing target; determining a second resource for transmitting a second sensing signal for a second sensing target; and transmitting the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal using the first resource and the second resource.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, in a system supporting communication and sensing, a transmission and reception point (TRP) includes a transceiver; and at least one processor; wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine a first resource for transmitting a first sensing signal for a first sensing target, determine a second resource for transmitting a second sensing signal for a second sensing target, and transmit the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal using the first resource and the second resource.

[0010] The method and device proposed in this disclosure can effectively detect both high-speed and low-speed moving objects in a mixed situation, and based on the information, determine a dangerous situation and immediately report it to an external business operator.

[0011] FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a communication system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0012] FIG. 2a is a diagram illustrating a basic structure in the time-frequency domain in a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of the disclosure.

[0013] FIG. 2b is a diagram illustrating a frame, subframe, and slot structure in a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 3 illustrates a JCAS system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the topology of a sensing-related use case of railway intrusion detection according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a service flow of a sensing-related case of railway intrusion detection according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIGS. 6A and 6B are diagrams illustrating a sensing signal configuration for speed measurement according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a target environment configuration according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIGS. 8A and 8B illustrate the structure of a sensing signal in the time / frequency domain according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a sensing resource set configuration for performing high mobility / intrusion detection according to one embodiment of the present disclosure (FDM).

[0021] FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrate examples of timelines for transmission of high mobility / intrusion detection frames according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a sensing resource set configuration for performing high mobility / intrusion detection according to one embodiment of the present disclosure (CDM).

[0023] FIGS. 12A and 12B illustrate examples of timelines for transmission of high mobility / intrusion detection frames according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 13 illustrates an example of a time domain offset arrangement for interference mitigation between two TRPs according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating simultaneous transmission and reception of beams for high mobility sensing and intrusion detection based on beam domain multiplexing according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of simultaneous beam transmission and reception operations for high mobility sensing and intrusion detection based on beam domain multiplexing according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIGS. 16A and 16B illustrate timeline examples of a simultaneous beam transmission structure for high mobility sensing and intrusion detection based on beam domain multiplexing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 17 illustrates an example of a random beam sweep for TRP inter-radio interference mitigation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 18 illustrates an example of a timeline of a random beam sweep procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 19 illustrates an example of an object-based report format according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG. 20 illustrates an example of a TRP-to-Core (or TRP-to SU) report operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] FIG. 21 illustrates TRP-to-Core (or TRP-to SU) report signaling for N TRPs according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] FIG. 22 illustrates an example of a periodic reporting condition for an intruder detection result according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG. 23 illustrates an example of reporting performance for a danger prediction time point according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] FIG. 24 is a diagram showing an example configuration of a base station according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0036] In describing the embodiments, descriptions of technical details that are well known in the technical field to which the present disclosure pertains and are not directly related to the present disclosure will be omitted. This is to avoid obscuring the gist of the present disclosure by omitting unnecessary explanations and to convey the gist more clearly.

[0037] For the same reason, some components in the attached drawings are exaggerated, omitted, or schematically depicted. Furthermore, the dimensions of each component do not entirely reflect its actual size. Identical or corresponding components in each drawing are assigned the same reference numbers.

[0038] The advantages and features of the present disclosure, and methods for achieving them, will become clearer with reference to the embodiments described below in detail together with the accompanying drawings. However, the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below and may be implemented in various different forms. These embodiments are provided only to ensure that the disclosure of the present disclosure is complete and to fully inform those skilled in the art of the scope of the disclosure, and the present disclosure is defined only by the scope of the claims. Like reference numerals designate like elements throughout the specification. In addition, when describing the present disclosure, if a specific description of a related function or configuration is determined to unnecessarily obscure the gist of the present disclosure, the detailed description thereof will be omitted. In addition, the terms described below are terms defined in consideration of the functions of the present disclosure, and these may vary depending on the intention or custom of the user or operator. Therefore, their definitions should be made based on the contents throughout the specification.

[0039] At this time, it will be understood that each block of the processing flowchart drawings and combinations of the flowchart drawings can be performed by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be installed in a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing equipment, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing equipment create a means for performing the functions described in the flowchart block(s). These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-available or computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to implement the functions in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-available or computer-readable memory can also produce a manufactured item that includes an instruction means for performing the functions described in the flowchart block(s). Since the computer program instructions may be installed on a computer or other programmable data processing device, a series of operational steps may be performed on the computer or other programmable data processing device to create a computer-executable process, and the instructions that cause the computer or other programmable data processing device to perform the steps for performing the functions described in the flowchart block(s) may also provide steps for performing the functions described in the flowchart block(s).

[0040] Additionally, each block may represent a module, segment, or portion of code that contains one or more executable instructions for performing a specific logical function(s). It should also be noted that in some alternative implementation examples, the functions described in the blocks may occur out of order. For example, two blocks depicted in succession may actually be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on their respective functions.

[0041] Here, the term '~ part' used in this embodiment means software or hardware components such as FPGA (field programmable gate array) or ASIC (application specific integrated circuit), and the '~ part' performs certain roles. However, the '~ part' is not limited to software or hardware. The '~ part' may be configured to be on an addressable storage medium or may be configured to play one or more processors. Therefore, as an example, the '~ part' includes components such as software components, object-oriented software components, class components, and task components, processes, functions, properties, procedures, subroutines, segments of program code, drivers, firmware, microcode, circuits, data, databases, data structures, tables, arrays, and variables. The functions provided within the components and '~ parts' may be combined into a smaller number of components and '~ parts' or further separated into additional components and '~ parts'. Additionally, the components and '~parts' may be implemented to activate one or more CPUs within a device or secure multimedia card. In addition, in an embodiment, the '~parts' may include one or more processors.

[0042] In this disclosure, phrases such as "A or B", "at least one of A and B", "at least one of A or B", "A, B, or C", "at least one of A, B, and C", and "at least one of A, B, or C" can each include any one of the items listed together in that phrase, or all possible combinations thereof. Terms such as "first", "second", or "first" or "second" may be used simply to distinguish the corresponding component from other corresponding components and do not limit the corresponding components in any other respect (e.g., importance or order).

[0043] For convenience of explanation, some terms and names defined in the 3GPP standards (standards for 5G, NR, LTE, or similar systems) may be used. However, the present disclosure is not limited to these terms and names, and the present disclosure can be equally applied to systems conforming to other standards. Furthermore, the terms used in the embodiments of the present disclosure below are not limited to these terms, and other terms that refer to objects with equivalent technical meanings may be used.

[0044] [Communication System]

[0045] FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a communication system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0046] Referring to FIG. 1, a communication system (10) may include a terminal (11), a radio access network (RAN) (12), a core network (CN) (13), and / or another network (14).

[0047] The terminal (11) may be a user device capable of performing a communication function. For example, the terminal (11) may include a user equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS), a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), a cellular phone, a smart phone, a machine type communication (MTC) device, a computer, a wireless sensor, a vehicle, an IoT device, and / or other electronic devices capable of performing a communication function. The terminal (11) may communicate with other terminals or communicate with one or more network nodes within a wireless access network (12).

[0048] The wireless access network (12) may be a next generation wireless access network (e.g., 6G or a later wireless access network) or a legacy wireless access network (e.g., 5G (NR), 4G (LTE), 3G, etc.). The wireless access network (12) (or network node(s) within the wireless access network (12)) may communicate with the terminal (11) and one or more network nodes within the core network (13). In addition, the wireless access network (12) may optionally communicate with another network (13).

[0049] A wireless access network (12) may include one or more network nodes (e.g., base stations (BSs)). The base station is an entity that performs resource allocation of a terminal (11), and may be a radio base station, NodeB, evolved Node B (eNodeB or eNB), next-generation Node B (gNodeB or gNB), radio access unit, network node, network device, node on a network, base station controller, transmission point (TP), access point (AP), relay station, base band unit (BBU), remote radio unit (RRU), remote radio head (RRH), or transmit and receive point (TRP). As an embodiment, the base station may be divided into a central unit (CU) and at least one distribution unit (DU) controlled / managed by the CU. In the present disclosure, downlink (DL) refers to a wireless transmission path of a signal transmitted from a base station to a terminal (11), and uplink (UL) refers to a wireless transmission path of a signal transmitted from a terminal (11) to the base station. In the present disclosure, the operation of the base station itself or a divided configuration of the base station (e.g., CU, DU, etc.) can be understood as the operation of the base station.

[0050] The core network (13) is a part of the communication system (10) and may be dependent on or independent of the radio access technology (RAT) used in the communication system (10).

[0051] According to one embodiment, the core network (13) may be a 5G core network (5GC). As an example, the 5GC may include an access and mobility management function (AMF) that manages access and mobility of the terminal (11), a session management function (SMF) that manages packet data unit (PDU) sessions of the terminal (11), a user plane function (UPF) that is connected to a data network (DN) and performs a data transfer role, a policy control function (PCF) that provides a policy control function, a user data management (UDM) that provides a data management function such as subscriber data and policy control data, a unified data repository (UDR) that stores data of various network functions (NFs), a network slice selection function (NSSF) that selects network slice instances that service the terminal (11), and / or a network slice admission control function (NSACF) that monitors and controls the number of registered terminals and the number of PDU sessions of the network slice(s).

[0052] According to one embodiment, the core network (13) may be a core network other than 5GC (e.g., a 6G core network, a 4G (LTE) core network, etc.). In this case, the core network (13) may include network functions (nodes) that perform functions identical to or similar to the network functions (nodes) of the 5GC described above.

[0053] Another network (14) is a network other than the core network (13) and can communicate with at least one network node within the core network (13). In addition, the other network (14) can communicate with at least one network node of the wireless access network (12). As an example, the other network (14) may be a data network, a network providing an AF (Application Function) that provides application services, or an Internet network.

[0054] [Time-Frequency Resource]

[0055] Below, the frame structure of a wireless communication system (e.g., a 5G system) is described in more detail with reference to drawings.

[0056] FIG. 2a is a diagram illustrating a basic structure in the time-frequency domain in a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of the disclosure.

[0057] The horizontal axis of Fig. 2a represents the time domain, and the vertical axis represents the frequency domain. In the time and frequency domains, the basic unit of resources is a resource element (RE, 101), which can be defined as 1 OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) symbol (102) in the time axis and 1 subcarrier (103) in the frequency axis. In the frequency domain (For example, 12) consecutive REs can form one resource block (RB, 104). In Fig. 2a. is the number of OFDM symbols per subframe (110) for setting the subcarrier spacing (μ).

[0058] FIG. 2b is a diagram illustrating a frame, subframe, and slot structure in a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0059] FIG. 2b illustrates an example of a structure of a frame (frame, 200), a subframe (subframe, 201), and a slot (slot, 202). One frame (200) can be defined as 10 ms. One subframe (201) can be defined as 1 ms, and therefore one frame (200) can be composed of a total of 10 subframes (201). One slot (202, 203) can be defined as 14 OFDM symbols (i.e., the number of symbols per slot ( )=14). 1 subframe (201) may be composed of one or more slots (202, 203), and the number of slots (202, 203) per 1 subframe (201) may vary depending on the setting value μ (204, 205) for the subcarrier spacing. In an example of FIG. 2, the cases where μ = 0 (204) and μ = 1 (205) as the subcarrier spacing setting value are illustrated. When μ = 0 (204), 1 subframe (201) may be composed of 1 slot (202), and when μ = 1 (205), 1 subframe (201) may be composed of 2 slots (203). That is, the number of slots per 1 subframe ( ) may vary, and accordingly the number of slots per frame ( ) may vary. Depending on the subcarrier spacing setting μ and can be defined as shown in Table 1 below.

[0060]

[0061] [JCAS (joint communications and sensing) system / network]

[0062] Below, a system that performs both communication and sensing is described. For example, a system that integrates communication and sensing functions into a single system is described. While such a system that performs both communication and sensing may be referred to as a JCAS system, the terminology used to refer to the system is not limited to this. For example, a JCAS system may also be referred to by other terms, such as an ISAC (integrated sensing and communication) system or a JSAC (joint sensing and communications) system.

[0063] FIG. 3 illustrates a JCAS system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0064] The JCAS system (300) of FIG. 3 can provide not only the communication function provided in the communication system (10) of FIG. 1, but can also provide additional functions for providing sensing and additional functions for providing communication and sensing together.

[0065] Referring to FIG. 3, the JCAS system (300) may include at least one terminal (310) (e.g., UE1, UE2, etc.), at least one base station (i.e., JCAS-enabled transmission reception point (TRP) (320), and / or at least one target (330) (e.g., target 1, target 2, etc.). In one embodiment, the JCAS system (300) may include a terminal (325) capable of communication and sensing. A terminal (325) that supports integrated communication and sensing functions may be referred to as a JCAS-enabled UE, a JSAC-enabled UE, or an ISAC-enabled UE.

[0066] The terminal (310, 325) may be an electronic device supporting communication functions and / or sensing functions. As an example, the terminal (310, 325) may include a UE, an MS, a wireless transmitting / receiving unit, a cellular phone, a smart phone, an MTC device, a computer, a wireless sensor, a vehicle, an IoT device, and / or other electronic devices capable of performing communication functions and / or sensing functions.

[0067] According to one embodiment, the terminal (310, 325) may use the communication function to communicate with other terminals or communicate with the network (JCAS network) of the JCAS system (300). For example, the terminal (310, 325) may communicate with other terminals, such as the terminal (11) of FIG. 1, or communicate with one or more network nodes (e.g., base station (320)) within the wireless access network of the JCAS system (300). For example, the terminal (310) may receive a communication signal (DL signal) from the base station (320) through a communication channel and transmit a communication signal (UL signal) to the base station (320).

[0068] According to one embodiment, the terminal (325) may further support sensing functions. For example, the terminal (325) may receive a sensing signal from the base station (320) through a sensing channel and perform a sensing operation based on the sensing signal. For example, the terminal (325) may transmit a sensing signal through the sensing channel. For example, the terminal (325) may receive a reflection of a sensing signal transmitted from the base station (320) or another terminal through the sensing channel and perform a sensing operation based on the received reflection (reflection signal).

[0069] According to one embodiment, the terminal (310, 325) may be a device registered in the JCAS network.

[0070] The base station (320) may be a network node that supports integrated communication and sensing functions. The base station (320) that supports integrated communication and sensing functions may be referred to as a JCAS-enabled BS, a JSAC-enabled BS, or an ISAC-enabled BS. As an example, the base station (320) may be a subject that performs resource allocation for communication and sensing of terminals (310, 325), and may be a wireless base station, NodeB, eNB, gNB, wireless access unit, network node, network device, node on a network, base station controller, TP, AP, relay station, BBU, RRU, RRH, CU, DU, or TRP.

[0071] According to one embodiment, the base station (320) may communicate with the terminals (310, 325) using a communication function, or may communicate with the core network of the JCAS system (300) or another network. For example, the base station (320) may transmit a communication signal (DL signal) to the terminals (310, 325) through a communication channel, and receive a communication signal (UL signal) from the terminals (310, 325). The core network of the JCAS system (300) may include at least one network node for supporting a communication function (service) and a sensing function (service). According to one embodiment, the core network of the JCAS system (300) may be a 5G core network (5GC). As an example, the 5GC may include an AMF, an SMF, an UPF, a PCF, a UDM, a UDR, an NSSF, and / or an NSACF, and for a description of each NF, refer to the description of FIG. 1. According to one embodiment, the core network of the JCAS system (300) may be a core network other than 5GC (e.g., a 6G core network, a 4G (LTE) core network, etc.). In this case, the core network may include network functions (nodes) that perform functions identical to or similar to the network functions (nodes) of the 5GC described above.

[0072] According to one embodiment, the base station (320) can support a sensing function. For example, the base station (320) can transmit information required to perform sensing (e.g., resource allocation information of the sensing signal (e.g., time resource allocation information and / or frequency resource allocation information), etc.). For example, the base station (320) can transmit the sensing signal through a sensing channel. For example, the base station (320) can receive a reflection of a sensing signal transmitted from itself, another base station, or a terminal (325) through the sensing channel, and perform a sensing operation based on the received reflection (reflection signal).

[0073] The target (330) is a subject to be sensed, and may be a terminal having a communication function (e.g., the terminal (11) of FIG. 1 or the terminal (310) of FIG. 3) or an object (e.g., a person, an object, a building, a car, etc.) without a communication function. The base station (320) (or the terminal (325)) may transmit a sensing signal to the target (330) through a sensing channel. The base station (320) (or the terminal (325)) may receive a reflection (reflection signal) reflected from the target (330) and perform a sensing operation based on the reflection signal. At this time, the reflection signal may be a reflection of the sensing signal transmitted by itself, or a reflection of a sensing signal transmitted by another device (e.g., another base station or another terminal).

[0074] In one embodiment, sensing may be performed by an individual device, such as a single base station (320) or a single terminal (325) (monostatic case). In one embodiment, sensing may be performed jointly by multiple devices, such as a base station pair, a terminal pair, or a terminal-base station pair (bistatic case). In one embodiment, sensing may be performed by individual devices and / or a combination of multiple devices that perform sensing jointly (multistatic case).

[0075] According to one embodiment, a sensing signal (reflection signal) reflected from a target (330) can be used to generate sensing data for the target (330).

[0076] The sensing data may include information (sensing information) that can be derived from the reflected signal. In one embodiment, the sensing information may include signal strength, delay, timing, angle of arrival (AoA), time of flight (ToF), and / or other information that can be measured from the reflected signal.

[0077] Additionally, the sensing data may further include a description of the sensing data, information for identifying the purpose of the sensing, information for identifying the source of the sensing, and / or information about a target associated with the sensing data (e.g., target identification information, target location information, etc.).

[0078] According to one embodiment, sensing data (or sensing information) may be used to generate sensing results for a target. According to one embodiment, the sensing results may include information about the distance (range), position, and / or velocity (doppler) for the target.

[0079] Table 2 shows an example of elements and formulas for determining distance and speed through sensing.

[0080]

[0081] Referring to Table 2, the resolution (R) of the distance (range) that can be measured through sensing operation res ) can be determined based on the bandwidth (BW). The maximum value (max range) of the distance (range) that can be measured through the sensing operation is determined by the resolution (R res ) and / or FFT size (N FFT) can be determined based on the bandwidth (BW). Referring to the formula in Table 2, the wider the bandwidth (BW), the better the maximum range / range resolution can be. Meanwhile, sensing processing requires continuous frequency / bandwidth due to its nature. Therefore, the maximum continuous frequency / bandwidth available at the base station (320) needs to be used for sensing.

[0082] Referring to Table 2, the maximum value of the velocity (doppler) that can be measured through the sensing operation is the interval between adjacent OFDM symbols allocated for sensing ( ) can be determined based on the interval ( ) is shorter, the maximum Doppler can be improved. The resolution of the speed that can be measured through the sensing operation is determined by the duration of the accumulated symbol (OFDM symbol) for Doppler processing. ) can be determined based on the duration ( ) can improve the velocity resolution (Doppler resolution). Therefore, considering the Doppler requirements, an appropriate sensing signal transmission period needs to be set. As an example, the duration ( ) can be associated with the number of symbols for Doppler processing.

[0083] In one embodiment, a processing chain (e.g., a PHY processing chain) for communication (communication signals) may be the same as or different from a processing chain for sensing (sensing signals). For example, the same modulation parameters, coding parameters, and / or waveform parameters may be used for communication and sensing. For example, different modulation parameters, coding parameters, and / or waveform parameters may be used for communication and sensing.

[0084] In one embodiment, the RAT for communication may be the same as or different from the RAT for sensing.

[0085] In one embodiment, the same carrier (frequency carrier) or different carriers may be used for communication and sensing.

[0086] According to one embodiment, different signal formats (structures) may be used for communication and sensing. For example, the sensing signal structure may be different from the communication signal structure.

[0087] In one embodiment, separate PHY channels or a common PHY channel may be used for communication and sensing. For example, separate PHY control channels (e.g., PDCCH, PUCCH) and separate PHY data channels (e.g., PDSCH, PUSCH) may be used for communication and sensing, respectively. For example, a common PHY control channel (e.g., PDCCH, PUCCH) may be used for communication and sensing. When a common PHY control channel is used for communication and sensing, a PHY data channel (e.g., PDSCH, PUSCH) may be used separately or commonly for communication and sensing.

[0088] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a topology of a sensing-related use case of railway intrusion detection according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0089] The JCAS system (300) described above may be applied to intrusion detection on railways. Referring to FIG. 4, for example, intrusion detection can be performed to prevent collisions in an environment where objects with large differences in movement speed, such as trains (410) and intruders (e.g., people, animals, etc.) (420, 425) exist on and near railways. Since there are limitations on installing multiple cameras in outdoor environments due to weather conditions and line of sight (LOS) conditions, the purpose is to replace cameras at base stations using the JCAS system.

[0090] Referring to Figure 4, a danger zone (430) is defined for a certain area near a railway, and multiple base stations can be matched along the railway. The primary purpose is to perform intrusion detection within the danger zone.

[0091] An example defining the characteristics of an intruder and a train that are the targets of the above intrusion detection may be as shown in Table 3. In the case of a train, the average speed value is distributed up to 600 km / h, so sensing must be possible up to a higher speed than that indicated.

[0092] Size(L ~97.2m / s)

[0093] Meanwhile, the definition, service flow, and requirements for the sensing-related use case of railway intrusion detection illustrated in FIG. 4 may be referred to, but are not limited to, the standard document 3GPP TR 22.837. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the service flow of the sensing-related use case of railway intrusion detection according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0094] Referring to FIG. 5, the sensing-related service flow of railway intrusion detection can proceed as a sensing step (510), an analysis step (520), an API (application programming interface) processing step (530), and a service execution step (540).

[0095] The sensing-related service flow is as follows.

[0096] In the sensing step (510), base stations are deployed near and along the railway tracks. To obtain railway sensing information, the railway operator requests sensing services from a mobile operator. The mobile operator configures base stations along the railway tracks to perform sensing (511). An intruder (e.g., a pedestrian or animal) is detected in a danger zone (513).

[0097] In the analysis step (520), sensing data is reported from base stations and further processed by the core network into sensing results (515). The mobile operator exposes the sensing results to the railway operator. Based on the sensing results, the railway operator can estimate the location of the intruder. Trains running on the railway tracks measure their own position and speed. These trains report this information to the railway operator's controller (517).

[0098] In the API processing step (530), the railway operator's controller identifies the train affected by the intruder based on the detection results from the moving operator and the position and speed of the train.

[0099] In the service execution phase (540), the controller receives information about the identified train and intruder and orders the train to slow down or stop. Furthermore, personnel working for the railway operator respond immediately to emergency situations. The intruder safely exits the danger zone.

[0100] That is, the position and speed of the train are measured on the train and held by the railway operator, and the mobile operator is only responsible for detecting intrusions around the railway and transmits the results to the railway operator to be used for risk prediction.

[0101] In this disclosure, train detection is performed directly by a mobile operator, so that risk prediction can be performed quickly based on sensing information, and risk prediction information can be transmitted to a railway operator to improve service performance.

[0102] FIGS. 6A and 6B are diagrams illustrating a sensing signal configuration for speed measurement according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0103] To detect a high-speed train, the sensing signal must be configured to measure the corresponding speed. Accordingly, as shown in Fig. 6a, sensing signals are transmitted continuously at equal intervals (Tc) for N symbols in the Tf section, and then range / velocity processing is performed on the received signals.

[0104] In this case, velocity is expressed as phase variation for the same range. Unlike distance, velocity has directionality, and the resulting ambiguity appears in the form shown in Figure 6b.

[0105] The first sensing signal (610) and the second sensing signal (620) illustrated in Fig. 6a are illustrated according to phase as in Fig. 6b. Referring to Fig. 6b, the first sensing signal (610) and the second sensing signal (620) have a phase difference , - Since it is ambiguous whether it corresponds to case a (630) or case b (635), the speed cannot be measured properly. Therefore, the speed measurement performance of the sensing signal is determined by the phase difference related characteristics.

[0106] Typically maximum speed (V max ) is the duration (T) between the two most adjacent symbols c ) is determined by the resolution, which is the ability to distinguish between two objects with different speeds, and the total duration (T) of N sensing symbols f ) is determined by. Therefore, the maximum speed V max and V, which represents the minimum speed at which two objects can be distinguished. res can be expressed as the following mathematical expression 1. Here, refers to the wavelength of the sensing signal.

[0107] [Mathematical Formula 1]

[0108]

[0109] Accordingly, a sensing signal configuration that can satisfy the requirements for target object detection is required, and whether a specific configuration is suitable can be determined based on the above mathematical expression 1. Assuming that all OFDM symbols are utilized for sensing, the maximum speed corresponds to the upper bound in terms of performance, and the corresponding value is calculated for subcarrier spacings of 60 and 120 kHz based on FR2, as shown in Table 4.

[0110]

[0111] Analyzing the results from the maximum velocity perspective, in the speed measurement of the train described above, the average speed of the train is 100 km / h to 350 km / h, the maximum speed is 600 km / h, but the upper bound of the measurable speed is 1080 km / h, which shows that there is no ambiguity issue. Therefore, the detection capability for JCAS-based high mobility in mobile communication systems can be secured. The sensing signal interval can be adjusted as a multiple of the OFDM symbol, and up to 1 / 3 OFDM symbol interval is available at 60 kHz / 120 kHz, respectively. Therefore, burst transmission of the sensing signal is required to secure the detection capability for high mobility targets. The burst transmission refers to transmitting relatively high-bandwidth data in a short period of time, and repeatedly transmits high-bandwidth data at regular time intervals.

[0112] On the other hand, from the perspective of velocity resolution, maximum velocity and resolution have a fundamental trade-off characteristic. In the railway case mentioned above, if the resolution value is greater than that of the intruder, there is a probability that it cannot be distinguished from static clutter, which leads to a deterioration in the intruder detection performance. To improve the resolution, the accumulated symbol duration (T f ) must be set long, which causes a degradation in maximum speed performance and sensing delay speed. Therefore, in order to maintain the existing intruder detection performance, it is necessary to set the configuration of the sensing signal according to each purpose.

[0113] In this disclosure, a mobile operator initiates an operation in which the mobile operator independently performs risk prediction based on the JCAS system and transmits the result to a railway operator.

[0114] Below, we explain each proposed configuration required for this.

[0115] Proposal 1. Frame structure configuration for performing high mobility / intrusion detection.

[0116] - Definition of frame structure based on the characteristics of each sensing set with different purposes and requirements.

[0117] - Operation based on random time domain offset for interference mitigation between TRPs

[0118] Proposal 2. Simultaneous Transmission of Sensing Signals for Low Sensing Latency

[0119] - Simultaneous transmission structure for high mobility target sensing and intrusion detection signals through beam domain multiplexing

[0120] - Simultaneous Rx reception and processing structure transmitted from TRP

[0121] - Beam sweep method for interference mitigation between TRPs

[0122] Proposal 3. Periodic detection result reports and danger prediction reports for railway operators.

[0123] - Report high mobility / intrusion detection results measured at each TRP to one location.

[0124] - Periodically report collected detection results to railway operators.

[0125] - Perform non-periodic reporting to railway operators at the time of danger prediction for train accidents.

[0126] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a target environment configuration according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0127] Referring to FIG. 7, the target environment of the sensing-related case of railway intrusion detection may include a railway operator (server) (700), a 5G core network system or sensing unit (SU) (710), and a JCAS-enabled TRP (720, 723, and 725).

[0128] In one embodiment, a danger zone (730) may be established for a certain distance around a railway and a railway traveling in opposite directions, and TRPs (720, 723, and 725) having JCAS functionality may be deployed along the railway. In one embodiment, different TRP deployments are possible depending on the railway structure, and data collection and reporting of the TRP may be performed by a 5G core network system or sensing unit (710) connected to a railway operator. The sensing unit refers to a separate unit defined for processing sensing data.

[0129] As an example, the operating scenario in the configuration of FIG. 7 is as follows.

[0130] In step 1, each TRP (720, 723, and 725) can perform intrusion detection for a certain range of a danger zone (730) based on the deployed location.

[0131] In step 2, beam sweep-based intrusion detection can be performed for the range based on a pre-defined beam set.

[0132] Here, high-mobility detection can be performed based on the railway track, regardless of the risk zone (730).

[0133] In step 3, the high mobility / intrusion detection results from each TRP (720, 723, and 725) can be transmitted to the 5G Core network system or sensing unit (710).

[0134] In step 4, the 5G Core network system or sensing unit (710) can determine danger prediction and transmit necessary information to the railway operator (server) (700).

[0135] In one embodiment, if the 5G Core network system or sensing unit (710) determines that no collision risk has occurred for a certain period of time, it may transmit the intruder detection result to the railway operator (server) (700).

[0136] In one embodiment, if the 5G Core network system or sensing unit (710) determines that there is a risk of collision, it can transmit the train and intruder detection results to the railway operator (server) (700) at that point.

[0137] FIGS. 8A and 8B illustrate the structure of a sensing signal in the time / frequency domain and in frame units according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0138] Referring to Fig. 8a, sensing signals are arranged at equal intervals for a specific OFDM symbol, and each sensing signal occupies the same bandwidth (810). The range resolution is determined by this bandwidth, and the maximum distance is determined by the number of subcarriers. That is, as the bandwidth narrows and the number of subcarriers decreases, the range resolution decreases and the maximum distance increases. Conversely, as the bandwidth widens and the number of subcarriers increases, the range resolution increases and the maximum distance decreases. Range estimation is possible using a single sensing signal. N sensing signals are defined as one frame, and velocity estimation is possible after receiving N sensing signals.

[0139] Sensing signals within a frame must be transmitted and received by the same beam, and the maximum speed is determined by the interval (820) between adjacent sensing signals, and the velocity resolution is determined by the single frame duration (830).

[0140] Below, we describe Proposal 1 (Sensing Frame Structure for High Mobility / Intrusion Detection) described above.

[0141] The differences in the characteristics of the two sensing signals according to the purpose can be defined as in Table 5.

[0142] Sensing requirementDetection targetHigh mobility (train)Intruder (human, animal)VelocityMaximumHigh ( < 350km / h)Low (< 5km / h)ResolutionLowHigh (distinguished from static clutter)RangeMaximumLongShort (> 3m from railroad)ResolutionLowHighSensing areaLong range, limited direction along to the railroadShort range, large area around the TRP

[0143] Referring to Table 5, in the case of sensing signals for high mobility target sensing, the velocity domain has a high maximum velocity and a low resolution requirement. Therefore, a short interval between sensing signals and a short duration of the frame are required. In terms of the range domain, it has a long maximum range and a low resolution requirement, so a relatively small bandwidth and number of subcarriers can be allocated. In addition, since the direction of travel is limited to the front and rear of the railroad, a fixed beam set can be specified.

[0144] On the other hand, sensing signals for intrusion detection have low maximum velocity and high velocity resolution requirements in the velocity domain, requiring long intervals between sensing signals and long frame durations. In the range domain, they have short maximum range and high resolution requirements, requiring wide bandwidth and subcarrier allocation. In terms of beams, a beam sweep based on a designated beam set is required because sensing is required for the danger zone area around the TRP.

[0145] The configuration of a sensing set that satisfies each characteristic can be performed through analysis based on a formula. The frame duration and velocity resolution can be calculated based on the subcarrier spacing / OFDM symbol interval / number of sensing symbols in the frame. For example, when the subcarrier spacing is 120 kHz, the calculation results of the frame duration and velocity resolution based on the number of sensing symbols per frame and the sensing symbol interval are as shown in Tables 6, 7, and 8. In terms of range, the range resolution and maximum range can be calculated based on the FFT size and subcarrier spacing, and the results are as shown in Table 9.

[0146] Based on the calculation results, a configuration that satisfies the requirements can be selected for each sensing set with different purposes and requirements. In the analysis results, the frame duration of the intrusion detection sensing set is generally three times longer than that of the high mobility sensing set, and the frame transmission period of the high mobility detection can be set shorter if necessary.

[0147] Frame duration[ms]Number of sensing symbols in a frame N6080100128256Interval[OFDMsymbols]21.071.431.792.294.5731.612.142.683.436.8642.142.863.574.5 79.1452.683.574.465.7111.4363.214.295.366.8613.7173.755.006.258.0016.0084.295.717.149.1418.29

[0148] Velocity resolution[km / h]Number of sensing symbol in a frame N6080100128256Interval[OFDMsymbols]218.013.510.88.44.2312.09.07.25.62.849.0 6.85.44.22.157.25.44.33.41.766.04.53.62.81.475.13.93.12.41.284.53.42.72.11.1

[0149] FFT sizeBandwidth [MHz]Range Resolution [m]Max range [m]647.6819.53125012815.369.77125025630.724.8812501024122.881.2212502048245.760.6112504096491.520.311250

[0150] As a result, multiplexing of two sensing sets can be configured in the time / frequency / code domain to efficiently deploy and utilize high-mobility target sensing and intrusion detection sensing signals. Considering the differences in bandwidth and interval of the two sensing sets, they can be allocated to different time / frequency domains, and when the bandwidth utilized by each sensing set is larger than the available bandwidth, multiplexing using orthogonal / PN (pseudo-noise) sequences, etc. is possible. In addition, a burst transmission structure of sensing signals can be utilized for high mobility capability and low sensing latency. That is, by using burst transmission, sensing signals are intensively allocated to most of the slots and transmitted in a short time, and since the number of sensing signals per frame must be allocated across multiple slots, an irregular sensing signal placement pattern occurs.

[0151] Therefore, a time domain allocation pattern notation for bitmap-based sensing signals is required. An example of time / frequency domain allocation for a single frame for performing high mobility / intrusion detection based on FDM is as shown in Fig. 10. An example of time / frequency domain allocation for a single frame for performing high mobility / intrusion detection based on CDM can be represented as shown in Fig. 12.

[0152] Below, Figures 9 to 13 describe Proposal 1 (Frame Structure for Sensing for High Mobility / Intrusion Detection).

[0153] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a sensing resource set configuration for performing high mobility / intrusion detection according to one embodiment of the present disclosure (FDM (frequency division multiplexing)).

[0154] Referring to FIG. 9, the time / frequency domain formed by the bandwidth (900) and duration (905) of the sensing set for high mobility does not overlap with the time / frequency domain formed by the bandwidth (910) and duration (915) of the sensing set for intrusion detection.

[0155] As an example, when performing time domain allocation pattern notation based on a bitmap for a single frame reference sensing symbol configured as in FIG. 9, assuming 64 sensing symbols arranged at 3 OFDM symbol intervals, the number of required slots can be calculated as in mathematical expression 2 below.

[0156] [Equation 2]

[0157]

[0158] Therefore, it is necessary to indicate whether sensing signals are allocated for a total of 14 slots = 196 OFDM symbols, and for the configuration, in one embodiment, it is possible to define using at least 196 bits, but is not limited thereto.

[0159] FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrate examples of timelines for transmission of high mobility / intrusion detection frames according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0160] FIGS. 10a and 10b illustrate multiple high mobility / intrusion detection frame transmission timelines based on FDM as illustrated in FIG. 9.

[0161] As an example, FIG. 10A illustrates a case where a high mobility sensing frame is transmitted at a short period as needed.

[0162] As an example, FIG. 10b illustrates a case where high mobility sensing frames are transmitted at the same period as intrusion detection.

[0163] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a sensing resource set configuration for performing high mobility / intrusion detection according to one embodiment of the present disclosure (code division multiplexing (CDM)).

[0164] Referring to FIG. 11, the time / frequency domain formed by the bandwidth (1100) and duration (1105) of the sensing set for high mobility can overlap (1120) based on orthogonal / PN (pseudo-noise) sequences with the time / frequency domain formed by the bandwidth (1110) and duration (1115) of the sensing set for intrusion detection. If the sum of the bandwidth (1100) of the sensing set for high mobility and the bandwidth (1110) of the sensing set for intrusion detection is greater than the available bandwidth, placement in a single frame is possible by utilizing the orthogonal / PN (pseudo-noise) sequence.

[0165] FIGS. 12A and 12B illustrate examples of timelines for transmission of high mobility / intrusion detection frames according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0166] Figures 12a and 12b illustrate frame transmission timelines when deploying a sensing set for high mobility and a sensing set for intrusion detection in the CDM method illustrated in Figure 11.

[0167] For a timeline of multiple high mobility / intrusion detection frame transmissions, FIG. 12a illustrates a case where high mobility sensing frames are transmitted in short periods as needed.

[0168] As an example, FIG. 12b illustrates a case where a high mobility sensing frame is transmitted at the same period as an intrusion detection.

[0169] FIG. 13 illustrates an example of a time domain offset arrangement for interference mitigation between two TRPs according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0170] Since sensing for high mobility and intrusion detection is performed simultaneously in multiple TRPs, a time domain offset is set for interference mitigation between TRPs.

[0171] A random time offset is set in each TRP and high mobility sensing is performed using the offset, and different time offsets can be set for each sensing set for high mobility / intrusion detection.

[0172] Referring to FIG. 13, two TRP criteria, a high mobility sensing time offset (1300) of the first TRP, a high mobility sensing time offset (1305) of the second TRP, an intrusion detection time offset (1310) of the first TRP, and an intrusion detection time offset (1315) of the second TRP, can all be set differently. In one embodiment, after a certain period of time has elapsed, a random time offset can be updated (1320) and the process can be repeated.

[0173] Below, Figures 14 to 19 describe Proposal 2 (transmitter / receiver structure and beam operation for low sensing latency).

[0174] FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating simultaneous transmission and reception of beams for high mobility sensing and intrusion detection based on beam domain multiplexing according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0175] Referring to FIG. 14, due to multiplexing of beam areas, a transmission beam for intrusion detection can be transmitted in panel 1 (1410), and a reception beam for intrusion detection can be received in panel 2 (1420). In addition, a transmission beam for high mobility sensing can be transmitted in panel 3 (1430), and a reception beam for high mobility sensing can be received in panel 4 (1440).

[0176] When configuring simultaneous transmission of beams for high mobility sensing and intrusion detection based on beam domain multiplexing for low sensing latency, each sensing set cannot use the same beam because the target area is different, and when transmitting the frame of each sensing set through beam switching, the time required to obtain the sensing result increases.

[0177] Since this implies an increase in sensing latency, the latency can be reduced by dividing and transmitting the sensing signal for high mobility / intrusion detection through different beam indices in each transmission panel.

[0178] The receiving panel configures each receiving beam based on the beam index used for high mobility / intrusion detection, similar to the transmitting panel, and in the receiving, the intrusion detection and high mobility sensing signals can be separated based on at least one of a random time offset set for each sensing set, time / frequency resource allocation, and orthogonal / PN sequence characteristics. Only the sensing signals that should be received by each receiving panel can be received and accumulated, and then a sensing operation can be performed at the time of frame reception completion.

[0179] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of simultaneous transmission and reception operations of beams for high mobility sensing and intrusion detection based on beam domain multiplexing according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0180] Referring to FIG. 15, there are two TRPs (1500, 1505), and it illustrates a case where high mobility sensing and intrusion detection are performed simultaneously using different beams in each receiving panel.

[0181] That is, in TRP 1 (1500), due to multiplexing of beam areas, a sensing signal for intrusion detection can be transmitted through a transmission beam in panel 1 (1510), and a reflection signal for the sensing signal for intrusion detection can be received through a reception beam in panel 2 (1520). In addition, a sensing signal for high mobility sensing can be transmitted through a transmission beam in panel 3 (1530), and a reflection signal for the sensing signal for high mobility sensing can be received through a reception beam in panel 4 (1540). TRP 1 (1500) can transmit a sensing signal for intrusion detection through a transmission beam in panel 1 (1510), for an intruder in an area (1560) for intrusion detection, and receive a reception beam (a reflection signal for the sensing signal transmitted through the transmission beam) for intrusion detection in panel 2 (1520). In addition, TRP 1 (1500) can sense a train, which is a high-mobility object, in the same manner using panel 3 (1530) and panel 4 (1540). TRP 1 (1500) simultaneously receives high-mobility sensing and intrusion detection signals from panel 2 (1520), but can separate the intrusion detection and high-mobility sensing signals based on at least one of a random time offset set for each sensing set, time / frequency resource allocation, and orthogonal / PN sequence characteristics as described above.

[0182] In one embodiment, in TRP 2 (1505), due to multiplexing of beam areas, a sensing signal for high mobility sensing can be transmitted through a transmission beam in panel 5 (1515), and a reflected signal for the sensing signal for high mobility sensing can be received through a reception beam in panel 6 (1525). In addition, a sensing signal for intrusion detection can be transmitted through a transmission beam in panel 7 (1535), and a reflected signal for the sensing signal for intrusion detection can be received through a reception beam in panel 8 (1545). TRP 2 (1505) can transmit a high mobility sensing signal through panel 5 (1515), and perform intrusion detection through panel 7 (1535) and panel 8 (1545).

[0183] FIGS. 16A and 16B illustrate timeline examples of a simultaneous beam transmission structure for high mobility sensing and intrusion detection based on beam domain multiplexing according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0184] FIG. 16a illustrates a case where different sensing sets are not received in the same time domain or are not received simultaneously at the receiving panel because each sensing set has a different random time offset and beam direction.

[0185] Even when sensing signals (reflected signals) (1600) due to an intrusion and sensing signals (reflected signals) (1610) due to a train are received simultaneously in some same time domain as in Fig. 16b, processing can be performed by discarding the corresponding locations because the locations of the resources in the frequency domain are known (1620). In one embodiment, even in the case of CDM, separation of simultaneously received sensing signals is possible by utilizing the code characteristics.

[0186] Even in this structure, a random beam sweep procedure for interference mitigation between TRPs can be configured, which is primarily intended for application to intrusion detection. The random beam sweep procedure is as follows.

[0187] Step 1: In intrusion detection, assume a beam set [1,2,...,b,...,B] assigned to the corresponding TRP.

[0188] Step 2: Perform random ordering on the entire beam set at the start of intrusion detection.

[0189] Example) Generate a random order beam set [3,2,4,1,5] for beam set [1,2,3,4,5]

[0190] Step 3: Perform intrusion detection by applying the beam index in that order.

[0191] Step 4: When intrusion detection is completed for all beam sets, repeat the process from Step 2 above.

[0192] Similarly, an example of a random beam sweep procedure for interference mitigation between TRPs based on two TRP criteria is shown in Figure 17 below.

[0193] FIG. 17 illustrates an example of a random beam sweep for TRP inter-radio interference mitigation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0194] For convenience of explanation, Fig. 17 only shows the sensing case for intrusion detection in adjacent TRP 1 (1700) and TRP 2 (1710), but the same can be applied to the case for high mobility sensing.

[0195] Referring to (a) of Fig. 17, the beam set of TRP 1 (1700) has [1,2,3], and the beam set of TRP 2 (1710) has [1,2,3,4]. As explained above, assuming that TRP 1 (1700) has [1, 3, 2] and TRP 2 (1710) has [4, 3, 2, 1] for the random ordering results, the overall beam sweep and the beam sweep shapes for each TRP are as shown in (a), (b), and (c) of Fig. 17.

[0196] FIG. 18 illustrates an example of a timeline of a random beam sweep procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0197] When random ordering of beam indices is performed in TRP 1 and 2 respectively (1810), the ordering result is assumed to be [1, 3, 2] in TRP 1 and [4, 3, 2, 1] in TRP 2. TRP 1 and TRP 2 perform intrusion detection in the order of the ordered beam sets, and when intrusion detection is finished in TRP 1 in the order of beam indices [1, 3, 2], random ordering can be performed again (1820). At this time, if the new ordering result of TRP 1 is given as [3, 1, 2], TRP 1 can perform new random ordering in TRP 2 when performing intrusion detection with beam index 3 (1830). At this time, the new ordering result of TRP 2 starts from beam index 2, and TRP 2 performs intrusion detection using the new ordered beam set.

[0198] In the following Figures 19 to 23, Proposal 3 (Periodic Detection Result Report and Danger Prediction Report) is described.

[0199] FIG. 19 illustrates an example of an object-based report format according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0200] Figure 19 illustrates an example of a report format in two object-based frame units when reporting high mobility sensing and intrusion detection results from each TRP to a core network or sensing unit (SU).

[0201] Referring to FIG. 19, the report format may include at least one of information (ID and location) (1910) of the TRP being reported, the sensing set type (1920), and beam direction information (1930) used in the corresponding sensing set. In one embodiment, the report format may include an event index (1940) set based on a timestamp or a period of the TRP from which the corresponding sensing result was collected. The event index reference period is used equally in all TRPs so that it can be utilized as a sensing result at the same point in time when making danger predictions in the core network.

[0202] FIG. 20 illustrates an example of a TRP-to-Core (or TRP-to SU) report operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0203] Figure 20 illustrates the operation described in Figure 19 as a target environment for a sensing-related case of railway intrusion detection.

[0204] Referring to FIG. 20, the target environment of the sensing-related case of railway intrusion detection may include a railway operator (server) (2000), a 5G core network system or sensing unit (SU) (2010), and a JCAS-enabled TRP (2020, 2023, and 2025).

[0205] High mobility sensing and intrusion detection are performed in TRP 1 (2020), TRP 2 (2023), and TRP 3 (2025), respectively, and the detection results from each TRP are transmitted to the 5G core network system or sensing unit (SU) (2010). Afterwards, the 5G core network system or sensing unit (SU) (2010) can perform danger prediction based on the collected results. The TRP-to-Core (TRP-to-SU) sensing result report for each TRP based on FIG. 19 is as shown in Table 9. In Table 9, the result report for the detection of a static object is reported as a human, but this is an example and is not limited thereto. For example, in TRP 1 (2020), three static objects can be detected and reported using a beam for intrusion detection. TRP 2 (2023) can detect and report two static targets using a beam for intrusion detection and a train using a beam for high-mobility sensing. TRP 3 (2025) can detect and report a train using a beam for high-mobility sensing.

[0206] target object to deliver TRP indexSensing resultHigh mobility sensingIntrusion detection1N / A3 humans2Train2 humans3TrainN / A

[0207] FIG. 21 illustrates TRP-to-Core (or TRP-to SU) report signaling for N TRPs according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 21, N TRPs (2110, 2120, ...) may transmit detection results to a core network or sensor unit (2140) (steps 2150, 2155, ...). The core network or sensor unit (2140) may perform risk prediction (e.g., determine the possibility of a collision) based on the collected intruder detection results (step 2170). The core network or sensor unit (2140) may perform a periodic report to a railroad operator. In one embodiment, the core network or sensor unit (2140) may perform the periodic report when it determines that there is no possibility of a train collision in any danger zone. The detailed operation is to transmit the intruder detection results collected for each danger zone to the railroad operator at regular intervals.

[0208] The conditions for performing periodic reporting without reporting danger prediction in the core network or sensor unit (2140) can be configured as follows, for example, and reference can be made to FIG. 22.

[0209] FIG. 22 illustrates an example of a periodic reporting condition for an intruder detection result according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0210] Figure 22 illustrates the operation described in Figure 21 as a target environment for a sensing-related case of railway intrusion detection.

[0211] Referring to FIG. 22, the target environment of the sensing-related case of railway intrusion detection may include a railway operator (server) (2200), a 5G core network system or sensing unit (SU) (2210), and a JCAS-enabled TRP (2220, 2223, and 2225).

[0212] TRPs (2220, 2223, and 2225) can perform periodic reports without reporting danger prediction when there is no high mobility object based on sensing results collected at the same time, i.e., when there is no high mobility sensing result based on results collected from all TRPs.

[0213] Additionally, in one embodiment, TRPs (2220, 2223, and 2225) may perform periodic reports without reporting danger prediction if there is no intruder within any danger zone based on the intruder detection result, or if the path of an adjacent intruder does not enter the danger zone while the train is moving (2230, 2231, 2232, 2233, and 2234), even if a high mobility sensing result exists.

[0214] FIG. 23 illustrates an example of reporting performance for a danger prediction time point according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0215] Figure 23 illustrates the operation described in Figure 21 as a target environment for a sensing-related case of railway intrusion detection.

[0216] Referring to FIG. 23, the target environment of the sensing-related case of railway intrusion detection may include a railway operator (server) (2300), a core network system or sensing unit (SU) (2310), and a JCAS-enabled TRP (2320, 2323, and 2325).

[0217] When the core network system or sensing unit (SU) (2310) determines a danger prediction, it can immediately report to the railroad operator. In one embodiment, the criteria for the danger prediction may include detecting an intruder in a specific danger zone at a certain point in time, and predicting a collision after a certain period of time based on high mobility sensing results. The core network system or sensing unit (SU) (2310) can immediately transmit information on the train location, speed, and detection of an intruder in the danger zone to the railroad operator (2300) at that point in time.

[0218] Referring to FIG. 23, when an intruder is detected (2330) in a danger zone in TRP 1 (2320) and a high mobility sensing result (2340) is reported in TRP 3 to the core network system or sensing unit (SU) (2310), the core network system or sensing unit (SU) (2310) can predict the possibility of a train accident (collision) in the danger zone covered by TRP 1 (2320) based on the reported result (Danger prediction). At this time, the core network system or sensing unit (SU) (2310) transmits the risk of a train collision to the railroad operator along with the location and speed of the train reported in TRP 3 (2325), the danger zone reported in TRP 1 (2320), and the detection result information of the sensed intruder.

[0219] In this disclosure, a frame structure, a transceiver structure, and a beam operation method are proposed to improve the trade-off relationship that inevitably exists between the maximum measurable speed and resolution performance when performing sensing.

[0220] This form can be utilized in both scenarios with mixed high-speed and low-speed objects, and although this disclosure is based on a railway intrusion detection use case, it can be expanded and utilized in other use cases defined in 3GPP SA1. For example, the method and device proposed in this disclosure can be applied to situations where both high-speed objects and low-speed small objects must be detected, such as pedestrian jaywalking and falling object detection on general roads or highways. In addition, since existing vehicle radar generally uses the 77 GHz band, it is excellent in terms of performance, but it is vulnerable to blockage, so there may be situations where detection is difficult, such as blind detection at buildings or intersections. In this case, the sensing results from the base station can be helpful.

[0221] FIG. 24 is a diagram showing an example configuration of a base station according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0222] According to one embodiment, the base station may include a TRP.

[0223] In FIG. 24, the base station may include a processor (2401), a transceiver (2402), and a memory (2403). The processor (2401), the transceiver (2402), and the memory (2403) of the base station may operate according to the method(s) described in the above-described embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 23 . However, the components of the base station are not limited to the above-described examples. For example, the base station may include more or fewer components than the above-described components. In addition, the processor (2401), the transceiver (2402), and the memory (2403) may be implemented in the form of at least one chip.

[0224] The transceiver (2402) is a general term for a receiver and a transmitter, and can transmit and receive signals with a terminal or other network entity through the transceiver (2402). At this time, the transmitted and received signals may include at least one of control information and data. To this end, the transceiver (2402) may include an RF transmitter that up-converts and amplifies the frequency of a transmitted signal, and an RF receiver that low-noise amplifies and frequency-downconverts the received signal. This is only one embodiment of the transceiver (2402), and the components of the transceiver (2402) are not limited to the RF transmitter and RF receiver. In addition, the transceiver (2402) can receive a signal through a communication method defined in the 3GPP standard, output the signal to the processor (2401), and transmit the signal output from the processor (2401). Additionally, the transceiver (2402) can receive a signal and output it to the processor (2401), and transmit the signal output from the processor (2401) to another network entity through the network.

[0225] Memory (2403) can store programs and data required for the operation of the base station according to at least one of the embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 23. In addition, memory (2403) can store control information and / or data included in a signal acquired from the base station. Memory (2403) can be configured as a storage medium or a combination of storage media, such as a ROM, a RAM, a hard disk, a CD-ROM, and a DVD.

[0226] The processor (2401) may control a series of processes so that the base station can operate according to at least one of the embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 23. The processor (2201) may include at least one processor.

[0227] When the base station of FIG. 24 is a TRP, the at least one processor can determine a first resource for transmitting a first sensing signal for a first sensing target. The at least one processor can determine a second resource for transmitting a second sensing signal for a second sensing target. The at least one processor can control transmitting the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal using the first resource and the second resource.

[0228] In one embodiment, the first resource may be determined based on a first required maximum speed for the first sensing target. In one embodiment, the second resource may be determined based on a second required maximum speed for the second sensing target. In one embodiment, the first required maximum speed and the second required maximum speed may be different from each other.

[0229] In one embodiment, the first resource and the second resource may be determined based on at least one of a required range of the first sensing target and the second sensing target, a required maximum speed based on resolution, and a required maximum range based on resolution.

[0230] In one embodiment, the first resource and the second resource may be multiplexed. In one embodiment, the allocation of the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal to the first resource and the second resource may be indicated based on a bitmap structure.

[0231] In one embodiment, a first duration in the time domain of the first resource for the first sensing signal is shorter than a second duration in the time domain of the second resource for the second sensing signal, and the first sensing signal can be transmitted in a burst transmission manner.

[0232] In one embodiment, the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal may be transmitted based on different random time offsets.

[0233] In one embodiment, the at least one processor may be controlled to receive a first reflection signal for the first sensing signal. The at least one processor may be controlled to receive a second reflection signal for the second sensing signal. The at least one processor may transmit a sensing result report based on the first reflection signal and the second reflection signal to a network.

[0234] In one embodiment, the sensing result report may include a timestamp and event index for the time sensed in the TRP.

[0235] In one embodiment, the at least one processor may control to transmit the first sensing signal by assigning it to a first beam index. The at least one processor may control to transmit the second sensing signal by assigning it to a second beam index. The at least one processor may control to transmit the first beam index and the second beam index.

[0236] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, two different sensing signal configurations can be simultaneously transmitted in a multiplexed form through a single, combined configuration in the time, frequency, or code domain.

[0237] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, in the case of a domain not used for multiplexing, overlapping may occur between sensing signal configurations, and this can be separated through the characteristics of the domain used for multiplexing.

[0238] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a bitmap structure-based allocation form can be displayed for a sensing signal allocation form that is not constant per slot.

[0239] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, for a sensing signal configuration having different durations, a plurality of sensing signals having short durations can be transmitted as needed.

[0240] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a sensing signal can be transmitted with a random time offset for interference control between different TRPs.

[0241] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, different random time offsets can be generated for different sensing signal configurations within the same TRP and used for each sensing signal transmission.

[0242] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, different beam indices can be assigned to different sensing signals in each Tx panel and transmitted simultaneously.

[0243] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, in the process of receiving different sensing signals, different sensing signals can be received simultaneously using different beam indices in each Rx panel.

[0244] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, when different sensing signals are simultaneously received by the same Rx panel, the two sensing signals can be separated and a desired sensing signal can be received by utilizing the characteristics of the time, frequency, or code domain of the different sensing signal configurations.

[0245] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the beam order to be used for a beam set used for a specific sensing signal configuration for each TRP can be randomly determined and used for transmitting the sensing signal.

[0246] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, when transmission is completed in a randomly set beam order in a specific TRP, the beam order of use can be determined again randomly and used for transmitting a sensing signal.

[0247] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a sensing unit (SU) or core network can analyze and utilize the collected sensing results.

[0248] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the collected sensing results according to each sensing signal configuration for each TRP can be reported to the SU or core.

[0249] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, when reporting the sensing result collected according to each sensing signal configuration for each TRP, the beam direction used may be included.

[0250] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, when reporting the sensing result collected according to each sensing signal configuration for each TRP, the timestamp of the corresponding TRP or event index information according to a set cycle may be included to distinguish and classify the sensing result.

[0251] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, an event index can be determined based on a period commonly determined among multiple TRPs.

[0252] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the risk of an accident or the like can be determined based on the sensing results collected from each TRP in the SU or core.

[0253] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, if it is determined that there is no risk based on the sensing result collected from the SU or core, the sensing result may be transmitted to an external business operator at a predetermined cycle.

[0254] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, if it is determined that there is a risk of an accident based on the sensing results collected by the SU or core, the relevant sensing results collected at that time can be immediately transmitted to an external business operator.

[0255] In the specific embodiments of the present disclosure described above, components included in the present disclosure are expressed in the singular or plural form, depending on the specific embodiment presented. However, the singular or plural expressions are selected to suit the presented situation for convenience of explanation, and the present disclosure is not limited to singular or plural components. Components expressed in the plural form may be composed of singular elements, or components expressed in the singular form may be composed of plural elements.

[0256] While the detailed description of this disclosure has described specific embodiments, it should be understood that various modifications are possible without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Therefore, the scope of this disclosure should not be limited to the described embodiments, but should be defined not only by the scope of the claims described below, but also by equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. In a method of TRP (transmission and reception point) in a system supporting communication and sensing, A step of determining a first resource for transmitting a first sensing signal to a first sensing target; A step of determining a second resource for transmitting a second sensing signal to a second sensing target; and A method characterized by comprising: a step of transmitting the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal using the first resource and the second resource.

2. In the first paragraph, the first resource is determined based on the first required maximum speed for the first sensing target, The second resource is determined based on a second required maximum speed for the second sensing target, and A method characterized in that the first required maximum speed and the second required maximum speed are different from each other.

3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the first resource and the second resource are determined based on at least one of a required range of the first sensing target and the second sensing target, a required maximum speed based on resolution, and a required maximum range based on resolution.

4. A method according to claim 1, wherein the first resource and the second resource are multiplexed.

5. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the allocation of the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal to the first resource and the second resource is displayed based on a bitmap structure.

6. In the first paragraph, the first duration in the time domain of the first resource for the first sensing signal is shorter than the second duration in the time domain of the second resource for the second sensing signal, and A method characterized in that the first sensing signal is transmitted in a burst transmission manner.

7. In paragraph 1, A method characterized in that the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal are transmitted based on different random time offsets.

8. In paragraph 1, A step of receiving a first reflection signal for the first sensing signal; A step of receiving a second reflection signal for the second sensing signal; and A method characterized by comprising: a step of transmitting a sensing result report based on the first reflection signal and the second reflection signal to a network; 9. In paragraph 8, the sensing result report is: A method characterized in that it includes a timestamp and an event index for the time sensed in the above TRP.

10. In the first paragraph, the step of transmitting the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal using the first resource and the second resource; A step of transmitting the first sensing signal by assigning it to a first beam index; and A step of transmitting the second sensing signal by assigning it to a second beam index; A method characterized in that the first beam index and the second beam index are different from each other.

11. In a system supporting communication and sensing, at the TRP (transmission and reception point), Transmitter and receiver; and At least one processor; comprising: Determine a first resource for transmitting a first sensing signal to a first sensing target, Determine a second resource for transmitting a second sensing signal to a second sensing target, and A TRP characterized in that it is configured to transmit the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal using the first resource and the second resource.

12. In the 11th paragraph, the first resource is determined based on the first required maximum speed for the first sensing target, The second resource is determined based on a second required maximum speed for the second sensing target, and A TRP characterized in that the first required maximum speed and the second required maximum speed are different from each other.

13. In the 11th paragraph, the TRP is characterized in that the first resource and the second resource are determined based on at least one of a required range of the first sensing target and the second sensing target, a required maximum speed based on resolution, and a required maximum range based on resolution.

14. A TRP according to claim 11, wherein the first resource and the second resource are multiplexed.

15. In the 11th paragraph, a TRP characterized in that the allocation of the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal to the first resource and the second resource is displayed based on a bitmap structure.

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