Method and device for detecting adjacent device of ambient internet of things based on backscattering in wireless communication system

Abstract

Disclosed are a method and device for detecting an adjacent device of ambient Internet of things based on backscattering in a wireless communication system. The method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may comprise the steps in which: a reader transmits, to one or more devices, one or more first signals including response type information; and the reader receives one or more second signals from the one or more devices on the basis of the response type information. The response type information may include information for requesting a response from at least one of an identified device or a non-identified device.

Description

Method and device for detecting adjacent devices in an ambient Internet of Things based on backscattering in a wireless communication system

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system, and more particularly, to a method and device for detecting adjacent devices of an ambient Internet of Things based on backscattering in a wireless communication system.

[0002] Mobile communication systems were developed to provide voice services while ensuring user activity. However, they have expanded beyond voice to include data services. Currently, explosive growth in traffic is leading to resource shortages and users' demand for higher-speed services, necessitating a more advanced mobile communication system.

[0003] Next-generation mobile communication systems must support explosive data traffic growth, dramatically increasing data rates per user, a vastly increased number of connected devices, ultra-low end-to-end latency, and high energy efficiency. To achieve these goals, various technologies are being studied, including dual connectivity, massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO), in-band full duplex, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), super wideband support, and device networking.

[0004] The technical problem of the present disclosure is to provide a method and device for detecting a neighboring device (or tag) of an ambient Internet of Things based on backscattering in a wireless communication system.

[0005] The technical problem of the present disclosure is to provide a method and apparatus for determining the proximity of a specific device (or tag) of an ambient Internet of Things based on backscattering.

[0006] The technical problems to be achieved in the present disclosure are not limited to the technical problems mentioned above, and other technical problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by a person having ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present disclosure belongs from the description below.

[0007] A method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure may include the steps of transmitting one or more first signals including response type information to one or more devices by a reader; and receiving one or more second signals from the one or more devices by the reader based on the response type information. The response type information may include information requesting a response from one or more of an identified device or a non-identified device.

[0008] A method according to another embodiment of the present disclosure may include the steps of: receiving a first signal including response type information from a reader by a device; and transmitting a second signal by the device to the reader based on a request for a response from the device in the response type information. The response type information may include information requesting a response from one or more of an identified device or a non-identified device.

[0009] According to the present disclosure, a method and device for detecting a neighboring device (or tag) of an ambient Internet of Things based on backscattering in a wireless communication system can be provided.

[0010] According to the present disclosure, a method and apparatus for determining the proximity of a specific device (or tag) of an ambient Internet of Things based on backscattering can be provided.

[0011] The effects that can be obtained from the present disclosure are not limited to the effects mentioned above, and other effects that are not mentioned will be clearly understood by a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure pertains from the description below.

[0012] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and are part of the detailed description to aid in understanding the present disclosure, provide embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the detailed description, describe the technical features of the present disclosure.

[0013] Figure 1 illustrates the structure of a wireless communication system to which the present disclosure can be applied.

[0014] FIG. 2 illustrates a frame structure in a wireless communication system to which the present disclosure can be applied.

[0015] FIG. 3 illustrates a resource grid in a wireless communication system to which the present disclosure can be applied.

[0016] FIG. 4 illustrates a physical resource block in a wireless communication system to which the present disclosure can be applied.

[0017] FIG. 5 illustrates a slot structure in a wireless communication system to which the present disclosure can be applied.

[0018] FIG. 6 illustrates physical channels used in a wireless communication system to which the present disclosure can be applied and a general signal transmission and reception method using the same.

[0019] FIG. 7 illustrates topologies that can be applied in a wireless communication system to which the present disclosure can be applied.

[0020] FIG. 8 is a drawing showing an example of a method performed by a leader according to the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 9 is a drawing showing an example of a method performed by a device according to the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure for an ambient IoT device to access a leader device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining a method for setting a symbol interval for AmIoT terminal communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining a process in which an AmIoT terminal performs a backscattering operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining a signaling procedure between an AmIoT terminal and a network node according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 14 illustrates a block diagram of a wireless communication device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The detailed description set forth below, together with the accompanying drawings, is intended to explain exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure and is not intended to represent the only embodiments in which the present disclosure may be practiced. The following detailed description includes specific details to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the present disclosure may be practiced without these specific details.

[0028] In some cases, to avoid obscuring the concepts of the present disclosure, known structures and devices may be omitted or illustrated in block diagram form focusing on the core functions of each structure and device.

[0029] In the present disclosure, when a component is said to be "connected," "coupled," or "connected" to another component, this may include not only a direct connection but also an indirect connection in which another component exists between them. Furthermore, the terms "comprises" or "has" in the present disclosure specify the presence of the mentioned features, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0030] In this disclosure, terms such as “first,” “second,” etc. are used only to distinguish one component from another and are not used to limit the components, and do not limit the order or importance between the components unless specifically stated otherwise. Accordingly, within the scope of this disclosure, a first component in one embodiment may be referred to as a second component in another embodiment, and similarly, a second component in one embodiment may be referred to as a first component in another embodiment.

[0031] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the scope of the claims. As used in the description of the embodiments and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The term "and / or" as used herein may refer to any one of the associated enumerated items, or is meant to refer to and encompass any and all possible combinations of two or more of them. Furthermore, the use of " / " between words in this disclosure has the same meaning as "and / or" unless otherwise stated.

[0032] The present disclosure describes a wireless communication network or a wireless communication system, and operations performed in the wireless communication network may be performed in a process of controlling the network and transmitting or receiving a signal from a device (e.g., a base station) that manages the wireless communication network, or in a process of transmitting or receiving a signal to or between terminals connected to the wireless network.

[0033] In the present disclosure, transmitting or receiving a channel means transmitting or receiving information or a signal through the channel. For example, transmitting a control channel means transmitting control information or a signal through the control channel. Similarly, transmitting a data channel means transmitting data information or a signal through the data channel.

[0034] Hereinafter, downlink (DL) refers to communication from a base station to a terminal, and uplink (UL) refers to communication from a terminal to a base station. In downlink, a transmitter may be part of a base station, and a receiver may be part of a terminal. In uplink, a transmitter may be part of a terminal, and a receiver may be part of a base station. A base station may be expressed as a first communication device, and a terminal may be expressed as a second communication device. A base station (BS) may be replaced by terms such as a fixed station, Node B, eNB (evolved-NodeB), gNB (Next Generation NodeB), BTS (base transceiver system), access point (AP: Access Point), network (5G network), AI (Artificial Intelligence) system / module, RSU (road side unit), robot, drone (UAV: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle), AR (Augmented Reality) device, VR (Virtual Reality) device, etc.In addition, the terminal may be fixed or mobile, and may be replaced with terms such as UE (User Equipment), MS (Mobile Station), UT (user terminal), MSS (Mobile Subscriber Station), SS (Subscriber Station), AMS (Advanced Mobile Station), WT (Wireless terminal), MTC (Machine-Type Communication) device, M2M (Machine-to-Machine) device, D2D (Device-to-Device) device, vehicle, RSU (road side unit), robot, AI (Artificial Intelligence) module, UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle), AR (Augmented Reality) device, VR (Virtual Reality) device, etc.

[0035] The following technologies can be used in various wireless access systems, such as CDMA, FDMA, TDMA, OFDMA, and SC-FDMA. CDMA can be implemented using wireless technologies such as UTRA (Universal Terrestrial Radio Access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented using wireless technologies such as GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) / GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) / EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution). OFDMA can be implemented using wireless technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, and E-UTRA (Evolved UTRA). UTRA is part of UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System). 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) LTE (Long Term Evolution) is a part of E-UMTS (Evolved UMTS) that uses E-UTRA, and LTE-A (Advanced) / LTE-A pro is an evolved version of 3GPP LTE. 3GPP NR (New Radio or New Radio Access Technology) is an evolved version of 3GPP LTE / LTE-A / LTE-A pro.

[0036] For clarity, the description is based on a 3GPP communication system (e.g., LTE-A, NR), but the technical idea of ​​the present disclosure is not limited thereto. LTE refers to technology after 3GPP TS (Technical Specification) 36.xxx Release 8. Specifically, LTE technology after 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 10 is referred to as LTE-A, and LTE technology after 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 13 is referred to as LTE-A pro. 3GPP NR refers to technology after TS 38.xxx Release 15. LTE / NR may be referred to as a 3GPP system. "xxx" refers to a standard document detail number. LTE / NR may be collectively referred to as a 3GPP system. For background technology, terms, abbreviations, etc. used in the description of the present disclosure, reference may be made to matters described in standard documents published prior to the present disclosure. For example, reference may be made to the following documents.

[0037] For 3GPP LTE, see TS 36.211 (Physical channels and modulation), TS 36.212 (Multiplexing and channel coding), TS 36.213 (Physical layer procedures), TS 36.300 (General description), and TS 36.331 (Radio resource control).

[0038] For 3GPP NR, see TS 38.211 (Physical channels and modulation), TS 38.212 (Multiplexing and channel coding), TS 38.213 (Physical layer procedures for control), TS 38.214 (Physical layer procedures for data), TS 38.300 (Overall description of NR and New Generation-Radio Access Network (NG-RAN)), and TS 38.331 (Radio Resource Control Protocol Specification).

[0039] Abbreviations for terms that may be used in this disclosure are defined as follows.

[0040] - BM: beam management

[0041] - CQI: Channel Quality Indicator

[0042] - CRI: Channel state information - reference signal resource indicator

[0043] - CSI: Channel State Information

[0044] - CSI-IM: Channel State Information - Interference Measurement

[0045] - CSI-RS: Channel state information - reference signal

[0046] - DMRS: Demodulation Reference Signal

[0047] - FDM: frequency division multiplexing

[0048] - FFT: fast Fourier transform

[0049] - IFDMA: interleaved frequency division multiple access

[0050] - IFFT: inverse fast Fourier transform

[0051] - L1-RSRP: Layer 1 reference signal received power

[0052] - L1-RSRQ: Layer 1 reference signal received quality

[0053] - MAC: Medium Access Control

[0054] - NZP: non-zero power

[0055] - OFDM: orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

[0056] - PDCCH: Physical downlink control channel

[0057] - PDSCH: Physical downlink shared channel

[0058] - PMI: precoding matrix indicator

[0059] - RE: resource element

[0060] - RI: Rank indicator

[0061] - RRC: Radio Resource Control

[0062] - RSSI: Received signal strength indicator

[0063] - Rx: Reception

[0064] - QCL: quasi co-location

[0065] - SINR: signal to interference and noise ratio

[0066] - SSB (or SS / PBCH block): Synchronization signal block (including primary synchronization signal (PSS), secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and physical broadcast channel (PBCH))

[0067] - TDM: Time Division Multiplexing

[0068] - TRP: transmission and reception point

[0069] - TRS: Tracking Reference Signal

[0070] - Tx: transmission

[0071] - UE: user equipment

[0072] - ZP: Zero Power

[0073] System General

[0074] As more and more communication devices demand greater communication capacity, the need for improved mobile broadband communications compared to existing radio access technologies (RATs) is emerging. Furthermore, massive machine type communications (MTC), which connects numerous devices and objects to provide diverse services anytime, anywhere, is also a key issue to be considered in next-generation communications. Furthermore, communication system design that considers reliability and latency-sensitive services / terminals is being discussed. Accordingly, the introduction of next-generation RATs that consider enhanced mobile broadband communication (eMBB), massive MTC (MMTC), and ultra-reliable and low latency communication (URLLC) is being discussed. For convenience, these technologies are referred to as NR in this disclosure. NR is an expression representing an example of 5G RAT.

[0075] A new RAT system, including NR, uses OFDM or a similar transmission scheme. The new RAT system may follow OFDM parameters different from those of LTE. Alternatively, the new RAT system may follow the existing LTE / LTE-A numerology but support a larger system bandwidth (e.g., 100 MHz). Alternatively, a single cell may support multiple numerologies. That is, terminals operating under different numerologies can coexist within a single cell.

[0076] A numerology corresponds to a single subcarrier spacing in the frequency domain. Different numerologies can be defined by scaling the reference subcarrier spacing by an integer N.

[0077] Figure 1 illustrates the structure of a wireless communication system to which the present disclosure can be applied.

[0078] Referring to Fig. 1, the NG-RAN consists of gNBs that provide NG-RA (NG-Radio Access) user plane (i.e., new AS (access stratum) sublayer / PDCP (packet data convergence protocol) / RLC (radio link control) / MAC / PHY) and control plane (RRC) protocol termination for UE. The gNBs are interconnected via Xn interfaces. The gNBs are also connected to the NGC (New Generation Core) via the NG interface. More specifically, the gNBs are connected to the AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function) via the N2 interface and to the UPF (User Plane Function) via the N3 interface.

[0079] FIG. 2 illustrates a frame structure in a wireless communication system to which the present disclosure can be applied.

[0080] NR systems can support multiple numerologies. Numerologies can be defined by subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix (CP) overhead. Multiple subcarrier spacings can be derived by scaling the base (reference) subcarrier spacing by an integer N (or μ). Furthermore, even if it is assumed that very low subcarrier spacing is not used at very high carrier frequencies, the numerology used can be selected independently of the frequency band. Furthermore, NR systems can support various frame structures corresponding to multiple numerologies.

[0081] Below, we examine OFDM numerologies and frame structures that can be considered in NR systems. The various OFDM numerologies supported in NR systems can be defined as shown in Table 1 below.

[0082] μΔf=2 μ ·15 [kHz]CP015 Normal 130 Normal 260 Normal, Extended 3120 Normal 4240 Normal

[0083] NR supports multiple numerologies (or subcarrier spacing (SCS)) to support various 5G services. For example, when the SCS is 15 kHz, it supports a wide area in traditional cellular bands, when the SCS is 30 kHz / 60 kHz, it supports dense-urban, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth, and when the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, it supports a bandwidth larger than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise. The NR frequency band is defined by two types of frequency ranges (FR1, FR2). FR1 and FR2 can be configured as shown in Table 2 below. In addition, FR2 can mean millimeter wave (mmW).

[0084] Frequency Range Designation Corresponding Frequency Range Subcarrier Spacing FR1410MHz - 7125MHz 15, 30, 60kHz FR224250MHz - 52600MHz 60, 120, 240kHz

[0085] Regarding the frame structure in the NR system, the sizes of the various fields in the time domain are T c =1 / (Δf max ·N f ) is expressed as a multiple of the time unit. Here, Δf max =480·10 3 Hz, and N f =4096. Downlink and uplink transmissions are T f =1 / (Δf max N f / 100)·T c = It is organized into radio frames with a duration of 10ms. Here, each radio frame is T sf =(Δf max N f / 1000)·T c = It consists of 10 subframes with a duration of 1ms. In this case, there may be one set of frames for uplink and one set of frames for downlink. In addition, transmission in uplink frame number i from a terminal is T earlier than the start of the corresponding downlink frame from the terminal. TA =(N TA +N TA,offset )T c It should start before. For the subcarrier spacing configuration μ, slots are n within a subframe. s μ ∈{0,..., N slot subframe,μ-1} are numbered in increasing order, and n within a radio frame. s,f μ ∈{0,..., N slot frame,μ -1} are numbered in increasing order. One slot is N symb slot It consists of consecutive OFDM symbols, and N symb slot is determined by CP. Slot n in subframe s μ The start of OFDM symbol n in the same subframe s μ N symb slot are aligned temporally with the start of the OFDM signal. Not all terminals can transmit and receive simultaneously, which means that not all OFDM symbols in a downlink slot or uplink slot can be utilized.

[0086] Table 3 shows the number of OFDM symbols per slot in a general CP (N symb slot ), the number of slots per wireless frame (N slot frame,μ ), number of slots per subframe (N slot subframe,μ), and Table 4 shows the number of OFDM symbols per slot in the extended CP, the number of slots per radio frame, and the number of slots per subframe.

[0087] μN symb slot N slot frame,μ N slot subframe,μ01410111420221440431480841416016

[0088] μN symb slot N slot frame,μ N slot subframe,μ212404

[0089] FIG. 2 is an example when μ=2 (SCS is 60 kHz), and referring to Table 3, 1 subframe can include 4 slots. 1 subframe={1,2,4} slot illustrated in FIG. 2 is an example, and the number of slot(s) that can be included in 1 subframe is defined as in Table 3 or Table 4. In addition, a mini-slot can include 2, 4, or 7 symbols, or more or fewer symbols. With respect to physical resources in an NR system, antenna ports, resource grids, resource elements, resource blocks, carrier parts, etc. can be considered.

[0090] Hereinafter, the physical resources that can be considered in the NR system will be examined in detail. First, with respect to antenna ports, antenna ports are defined such that the channel through which a symbol on the antenna port is carried can be inferred from the channel through which another symbol on the same antenna port is carried. If the large-scale property of the channel through which a symbol on one antenna port is carried can be inferred from the channel through which a symbol on another antenna port is carried, then two antenna ports can be said to have a QC / QCL (quasi co-located or quasi co-location) relationship. Here, the large-scale property includes one or more of delay spread, Doppler spread, frequency shift, average received power, and received timing.

[0091] Fig. 3 illustrates a resource grid in a wireless communication system to which the present disclosure can be applied. Referring to Fig. 3, the resource grid is N in the frequency domain. RB μ N sc RB It consists of subcarriers, and one subframe is 14·2 μ It is described as an example, but not limited to, that it consists of OFDM symbols. In an NR system, the transmitted signal is N RB μ N sc RB One or more resource grids consisting of subcarriers and 2 μ N symb (μ) is described by OFDM symbols. Here, N RB μ ≤N RB max,μ is. The above NRB max,μ represents the maximum transmission bandwidth, which may vary not only between numerologies but also between uplink and downlink. In this case, one resource grid may be configured for each μ and antenna port p. Each element of the resource grid for μ and antenna port p is referred to as a resource element and is uniquely identified by an index pair (k, l').

[0092] Here, k=0,...,N RB μ N sc RB -1 is the index in the frequency domain, and l'=0,...,2 μ N symb (μ) -1 indicates the position of the symbol within the subframe. When referring to a resource element in a slot, an index pair (k,l) is used. Here, l=0,...,N symb μ -1. The resource element (k,l') for μ and antenna port p is a complex value a k,l' (p,μ) . If there is no risk of confusion or if a particular antenna port or numerology is not specified, the indices p and μ can be dropped, resulting in a complex value of a k,l' (p) or a k,l' This can be. Also, a resource block (RB) is N in the frequency domain. sc RB =12 is defined as consecutive subcarriers.

[0093] Point A serves as a common reference point of the resource block grid and is obtained as follows.

[0094] - offsetToPointA for the Primary Cell (PCell) downlink represents the frequency offset between point A and the lowest subcarrier of the lowest resource block overlapping the SS / PBCH block used by the UE for initial cell selection. It is expressed in resource block units assuming 15 kHz subcarrier spacing for FR1 and 60 kHz subcarrier spacing for FR2.

[0095] - absoluteFrequencyPointA represents the frequency-position of point A expressed as ARFCN (absolute radio-frequency channel number).

[0096] Common resource blocks (CRBs) are numbered from 0 upwards in the frequency domain for a subcarrier spacing setting μ. The center of subcarrier 0 of CRB 0 for a subcarrier spacing setting μ coincides with 'point A'. Common resource block number n in the frequency domain CRB μ The relationship between the resource elements (k, l) and the subcarrier spacing setting μ is given by the following mathematical expression 1.

[0097]

[0098] In Equation 1, k is defined relative to point A such that k = 0 corresponds to the subcarrier centered at point A. Physical resource blocks are numbered from 0 to N within the bandwidth part (BWP). BWP,i size,μ - Numbered from 1 to 1, where i is the number of the BWP. Physical resource block n in BWP i PRB and common resource block n CRB The relationship between them is given by the mathematical formula 2 below.

[0099]

[0100] N BWP,i start,μ is a common resource block where BWP starts relative to common resource block 0.

[0101] FIG. 4 illustrates a physical resource block in a wireless communication system to which the present disclosure can be applied. FIG. 5 illustrates a slot structure in a wireless communication system to which the present disclosure can be applied.

[0102] Referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, a slot includes multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, in the case of a normal CP, one slot includes seven symbols, but in the case of an extended CP, one slot includes six symbols.

[0103] A carrier comprises multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. An RB (Resource Block) is defined as multiple (e.g., 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A BWP (Bandwidth Part) is defined as multiple consecutive (physical) resource blocks in the frequency domain, and can correspond to a single numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier can comprise up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication is performed through activated BWPs, and only one BWP can be activated for a single terminal. Each element in the resource grid is referred to as a Resource Element (RE), to which one complex symbol can be mapped.

[0104] The NR system can support up to 400 MHz per component carrier (CC). If a terminal operating in such a wideband CC always operates with the radio frequency (RF) chip for the entire CC turned on, the terminal battery consumption may increase. Alternatively, when considering multiple use cases operating within a single wideband CC (e.g., eMBB, URLLC, Mmtc, V2X, etc.), different numerologies (e.g., subcarrier spacing, etc.) may be supported for each frequency band within the CC. Alternatively, each terminal may have different maximum bandwidth capabilities. Considering this, the base station can instruct the terminal to operate only in a portion of the bandwidth of the wideband CC, rather than the entire bandwidth. This portion of bandwidth is conveniently defined as the bandwidth part (BWP). A BWP can be composed of consecutive RBs on the frequency axis and can correspond to a single numerology (e.g., subcarrier spacing, CP length, slot / mini-slot interval).

[0105] Meanwhile, a base station can configure multiple BWPs within a single CC configured for a terminal. For example, a BWP occupying a relatively small frequency domain can be configured in a PDCCH monitoring slot, while the PDSCH indicated by the PDCCH can be scheduled on a larger BWP.

[0106] Alternatively, if UEs are concentrated in a specific BWP, some UEs can be assigned to different BWPs for load balancing. Alternatively, considering frequency domain inter-cell interference cancellation between neighboring cells, some spectrum in the middle of the total bandwidth can be excluded and both BWPs can be assigned within the same slot. In other words, the base station can assign at least one DL / UL BWP to UEs associated with a wideband CC.

[0107] The base station can activate at least one DL / UL BWP among the DL / UL BWP(s) configured at a specific point in time (by L1 signaling or MAC CE (Control Element) or RRC signaling, etc.). In addition, the base station can instruct switching to another configured DL / UL BWP (by L1 signaling or MAC CE or RRC signaling, etc.). Alternatively, switching to a designated DL / UL BWP may be performed when a timer value expires based on a timer. In this case, the activated DL / UL BWP is defined as an active DL / UL BWP. However, since the UE may not receive the configuration for the DL / UL BWP when performing the initial access process or before the RRC connection is set up, the DL / UL BWP assumed by the UE in such a situation is defined as the initially active DL / UL BWP.

[0108] FIG. 6 illustrates physical channels used in a wireless communication system to which the present disclosure can be applied and a general signal transmission and reception method using the same.

[0109] In wireless communication systems, terminals receive information from a base station via the downlink and transmit it to the base station via the uplink. The information transmitted and received between the base station and terminals includes data and various control information, and various physical channels exist depending on the type and purpose of the information being transmitted and received.

[0110] When the terminal is powered on or enters a new cell, it performs an initial cell search operation, such as synchronizing with the base station (S601). To this end, the terminal receives a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (PSS) from the base station to synchronize with the base station and obtain information such as a cell identifier (ID). Afterwards, the terminal can receive a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) from the base station to obtain broadcast information within the cell. Meanwhile, the terminal can receive a downlink reference signal (DL RS) during the initial cell search phase to check the downlink channel status.

[0111] A terminal that has completed an initial cell search can obtain more specific system information by receiving a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) according to information carried in the PDCCH (S602).

[0112] Meanwhile, when accessing a base station for the first time or when there are no radio resources for signal transmission, the terminal may perform a random access procedure (RACH) with the base station (steps S603 to S606). To this end, the terminal may transmit a specific sequence as a preamble via the random access channel (RACH) (steps S603 and S605) and receive a response message to the preamble via the PDCCH and the corresponding PDSCH (steps S604 and S606). In the case of a contention-based RACH, a contention resolution procedure may additionally be performed.

[0113] The terminal that has performed the procedure described above can then perform PDCCH / PDSCH reception (S607) and physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) / physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) transmission (S608) as general uplink / downlink signal transmission procedures. In particular, the terminal receives downlink control information (DCI) through the PDCCH. Here, DCI includes control information such as resource allocation information for the terminal, and its format varies depending on its intended use.

[0114] Meanwhile, the control information that the terminal transmits to the base station via the uplink or that the terminal receives from the base station includes downlink / uplink ACK / NACK (Acknowledgement / Non-Acknowledgement) signals, CQI (Channel Quality Indicator), PMI (Precoding Matrix Indicator), RI (Rank Indicator), etc. In the case of the 3GPP LTE system, the terminal can transmit the above-described control information such as CQI / PMI / RI via PUSCH and / or PUCCH.

[0115] Table 5 shows an example of the DCI format in the NR system.

[0116] DCI Format Utilization 0_0 Scheduling of PUSCH within a cell 0_1 Scheduling of one or multiple PUSCH within a cell, or indicating cell group (CG: cell group) downlink feedback information to the UE 0_2 Scheduling of PUSCH within a cell 1_0 Scheduling of PDSCH within a DL cell 1_1 Scheduling of PDSCH within a cell 1_2 Scheduling of PDSCH within a cell

[0117] Referring to Table 5, DCI formats 0_0, 0_1, and 0_2 may include resource information related to scheduling of PUSCH (e.g., UL / SUL (Supplementary UL), frequency resource allocation, time resource allocation, frequency hopping, etc.), transport block (TB) related information (e.g., MCS (Modulation Coding and Scheme), NDI (New Data Indicator), RV (Redundancy Version), etc.), HARQ (Hybrid - Automatic Repeat and request) related information (e.g., process number, DAI (Downlink Assignment Index), PDSCH-HARQ feedback timing, etc.), multi-antenna related information (e.g., DMRS sequence initialization information, antenna port, CSI request, etc.), power control information (e.g., PUSCH power control, etc.), and control information included in each DCI format may be predefined.

[0118] DCI format 0_0 is used for scheduling PUSCH in a cell. The information contained in DCI format 0_0 is transmitted with CRC (cyclic redundancy check) scrambled by C-RNTI (cell radio network temporary identifier, Cell RNTI), CS-RNTI (Configured Scheduling RNTI), or MCS-C-RNTI (Modulation Coding Scheme Cell RNTI).

[0119] DCI format 0_1 ​​is used to indicate scheduling of one or more PUSCHs in a cell, or configure grant (CG) downlink feedback information to the UE. The information contained in DCI format 0_1 ​​is CRC-scrambled and transmitted using the C-RNTI, CS-RNTI, SP-CSI-RNTI (Semi-Persistent CSI RNTI), or MCS-C-RNTI.

[0120] DCI format 0_2 is used for scheduling PUSCH in a cell. The information contained in DCI format 0_2 is CRC-scrambled and transmitted using C-RNTI, CS-RNTI, SP-CSI-RNTI, or MCS-C-RNTI.

[0121] Next, DCI formats 1_0, 1_1, and 1_2 may include resource information related to scheduling of PDSCH (e.g., frequency resource allocation, time resource allocation, virtual resource block (VRB)-physical resource block (PRB) mapping, etc.), transport block (TB) related information (e.g., MCS, NDI, RV, etc.), HARQ related information (e.g., process number, DAI, PDSCH-HARQ feedback timing, etc.), multi-antenna related information (e.g., antenna port, transmission configuration indicator (TCI), sounding reference signal (SRS) request, etc.), PUCCH related information (e.g., PUCCH power control, PUCCH resource indicator, etc.), and control information included in each DCI format may be predefined.

[0122] DCI format 1_0 is used for scheduling PDSCH in a DL cell. The information contained in DCI format 1_0 is CRC-scrambled and transmitted using C-RNTI, CS-RNTI, or MCS-C-RNTI.

[0123] DCI format 1_1 is used for scheduling PDSCH in a single cell. The information contained in DCI format 1_1 is CRC-scrambled and transmitted using C-RNTI, CS-RNTI, or MCS-C-RNTI.

[0124] DCI format 1_2 is used for scheduling PDSCH in a single cell. The information contained in DCI format 1_2 is CRC-scrambled and transmitted using C-RNTI, CS-RNTI, or MCS-C-RNTI.

[0125] Communication methods related to the Internet of Things (IoT)

[0126] IoT technology and its applications have recently attracted significant attention, and ongoing research is being conducted on technologies to install and connect a greater number of IoT devices (e.g., technologies to reduce the size, complexity, and power consumption of IoT devices). For example, scenarios, use cases, and key performance indicators (KPIs) for IoT devices within 3GPP-based communication systems (i.e., 3GPP IoT) are being discussed.

[0127] Specifically, 3GPP IoT can be applied to devices with ultra-low power consumption and ultra-low complexity. Furthermore, in terms of energy storage, 3GPP IoT can be applied to battery-less devices (i.e., devices without energy storage capacity) that rely on external energy sources or / and devices with limited energy storage capacity (e.g., devices that do not require manual battery replacement or recharging).

[0128] The device classifications described above, based on energy source, energy storage capacity, passive / active transmission, etc., can be discussed in relation to relevant use cases. The maximum power consumption of a device should be limited by the practical form factor for the intended use case, which may take into account the energy source.

[0129] 3GPP IoT can be applied to indoor / outdoor environments, base station characteristics (e.g., macro / micro / pico cell-based deployments), connection topology (e.g., nodes that can communicate with target devices such as base stations, terminals, relay terminals, repeaters, etc.), TDD / FDD and licensed / unlicensed spectrum frequency bands, coexistence of terminals and infrastructure in frequency bands of 3GPP technologies, assumption of device-initiated / terminated traffic, etc.

[0130] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, three types of IoT devices may be utilized.

[0131] - Device A: A device that does not store energy and does not generate independent signals (i.e., backscattering transmission).

[0132] - Device B: A device that stores energy and does not generate an independent signal (i.e., backscattering transmission), and use of the stored energy may include amplification of the reflected signal.

[0133] - Device C: A device that stores energy and generates an independent signal (i.e., includes an active RF component for transmission).

[0134] The present disclosure relates to a signal transmission and reception method of devices A and B that perform communication through backscattering transmission among three types of devices. However, this is only one embodiment, and various embodiments of the present disclosure can also be applied to device C.

[0135] Additionally, as an example of the present disclosure, at least one of the following four topologies may be applied, as illustrated in FIG. 7.

[0136] - Topology (1): BS <-> Ambient IoT Device

[0137] - Topology (2): BS <-> intermediate node <-> ambient IoT device

[0138] - Topology (3): BS <-> Assisting node <-> Ambient IoT device <-> BS

[0139] - Topology (4): UE <-> Ambient IoT Device

[0140] Here, the BS may be included in or replaced by the gNB, and may be a distribution unit (gNB-DU) of the gNB. Furthermore, the ambient IoT device may be replaced by a UE, a remote UE, a device, or a tag. The intermediate node (IN) may be at least one of a relay node, an integrated access backhaul (IAB) node, a relay UE, or a repeater of the network. In the present disclosure, the gNB and IN may be collectively referred to as a reader.

[0141] For example, for topology (1), the possibility of BS Rx and BS Tx may be included in different BSs. For topologies (2) and (3), the intermediate nodes and auxiliary nodes may be relay terminals, IAB nodes, repeaters, etc. that enable ambient IoT.

[0142] The present disclosure describes a method for transmitting and receiving signals in topologies 1 and 2, in which direct communication (i.e., mono-static communication) is performed between a base station (or / and intermediate node) and an IoT device among four topologies. However, this is only one embodiment, and the present disclosure may also be applied to topologies 3 and / or 4.

[0143] In the present disclosure, the direction from a gNB and / or an intermediate node (IN) to a device may be referred to as downlink (DL) or reader-to-tag (R2T) or reader-to-device (R2D). Additionally, the direction from a device to a gNB / IN may be referred to as uplink (UL) or tag-to-reader (T2R) or device-to-reader (D2R). The gNB / IN may transmit an R2T (or R2D) message or data information to the device via an R2T (R2D) signal, and the device may transmit a T2R (or D2R) message or data information to the gNB / IN via a T2R (or D2R) signal.

[0144] In describing the present disclosure, “ / ” means “and”, “or”, or “and / or”, depending on the context.

[0145] Below, the process of a terminal (e.g., an ambient IoT device or device) connecting to a leader BS / gNB / intermediate node (IN) is described.

[0146] FIG. 8 is a drawing showing an example of a method performed by a leader according to the present disclosure.

[0147] In step S810, the leader may transmit one or more first signals including response type information to one or more devices.

[0148] In some examples, the response type information may include information requesting a response from one or more of an identified device or a non-identified device. For example, an identified device may correspond to a device having a specific device ID (e.g., a C-RNTI), a specific random number (e.g., a number that identifies the device for a given time period), or a specific device group ID. For example, an unidentified device may correspond to a device that does not have any device ID, does not have any random number, or does not have any device group ID. The device identification information held by a device may be previously assigned, or the device may acquire the device identification information assigned by a reader or another entity. A reader may request a response depending on whether the device is an identified device or an unidentified device, or regardless of whether the device is identified or unidentified. For example, the response type information may include information indicating various combinations of response requests / non-requests for requesting responses from specific devices / specific device groups and / or not requesting responses from specific devices / specific device groups.

[0149] In some examples, the response type information may correspond to a bit sequence. For example, each combination of bit values ​​in the bit sequence may map to whether a response is requested from an identified device and / or an unidentified device.

[0150] In some examples, one or more devices from which the first signal is transmitted may belong to one specific device group, may belong to multiple device groups, or may not have a device group set / defined.

[0151] In some examples, the first signal may include one or more specific device identifications. For example, a response may be requested or no response may be requested from a device (or group of devices) corresponding to the specific device identification.

[0152] In step S820, the leader may receive one or more second signals based on response type information from one or more devices.

[0153] For example, a device receiving a first signal may not always transmit a second signal, and whether or not to transmit the second signal from each device may be determined based on certain circumstances or conditions (e.g., based on response type information). For example, some or all of one or more devices receiving a first signal may transmit the second signal.

[0154] In some examples, the response type information may include information that requests a response from an identified device and does not request a response from an unidentified device. In this case, one or more second signals may be transmitted from one or more first devices corresponding to an identified device among the one or more devices from which the first signal was transmitted (or which received the first signal).

[0155] In some examples, the response type information may include information requesting a response from an unidentified device, rather than requesting a response from an identified device. In this case, one or more second signals may be transmitted from one or more second devices corresponding to unidentified devices among the one or more devices from which the first signal was transmitted (or which received the first signal).

[0156] In some examples, the response type information may include information requesting responses from identified and unidentified devices (or requesting responses without distinguishing between identified and unidentified devices). In this case, one or more second signals may be transmitted from one or more devices from which the first signal was transmitted (or which received the first signal).

[0157] In some examples, the first signal may include one or more specific device identification information (e.g., a specific device ID (e.g., a C-RNTI), a specific random number (e.g., a number that identifies the device for a predetermined time period), or a specific device group ID). In this case, one or more second signals may be transmitted from one or more devices corresponding to the identification information of the specific device. Alternatively, one or more second signals may be transmitted from one or more devices that do not correspond to the identification information of the specific device (e.g., the remaining devices excluding one or more devices corresponding to the identification information of the specific device).

[0158] In some examples, one or more of the second signals may include identification information of one or more devices transmitting the signal.

[0159] In some examples, one or more devices transmitting the second signal may belong to a specific device group, may belong to multiple device groups, or may not have a device group set / defined.

[0160] The first signal described above may be a reader-to-device (R2D) signal, and the second signal may be a device-to-reader (D2R) signal. Furthermore, the second signal may be a D2R signal transmitted from the device based on backscattering of a carrier wave (CW).

[0161] The method described in the example of FIG. 8 may be performed by the first wireless device (100) of FIG. 14, which will be described later. For example, the first wireless device (100) of FIG. 14 may correspond to a leader in various examples of the present disclosure. For example, one or more processors (102) of the first wireless device (100) of FIG. 14 may be configured to transmit one or more first signals including response type information to one or more devices (200) through one or more transceivers (106), and receive one or more second signals from one or more devices (200) through one or more transceivers (106) based on the response type information. Furthermore, one or more memories (104) of the first wireless device (100) may store commands for performing the method described in the example of FIG. 8 or the examples described later when executed by one or more processors (102).

[0162] FIG. 9 is a drawing showing an example of a method performed by a device according to the present disclosure.

[0163] In step S910, the device can receive a first signal including response type information from the reader.

[0164] In step S920, the device may transmit a second signal to the reader based on whether a response from the device is requested in the response type information. If a response from the device is not requested in the response type information, the device may not transmit the second signal.

[0165] In the example of FIG. 9, the specific details of whether the device transmits the second signal according to the first signal, the second signal, the response type information, and various examples of the response type information are the same as those described with reference to the example of FIG. 8, so redundant descriptions are omitted.

[0166] The method described in the example of FIG. 9 may be performed by the second wireless device (200) of FIG. 14, which will be described later. For example, the second wireless device (200) of FIG. 14 may correspond to a device or tag in various examples of the present disclosure. For example, one or more processors (202) of the second wireless device (200) of FIG. 14 may be configured to receive a first signal including response type information from a reader (100) through one or more transceivers (206), and transmit a second signal to the reader (100) based on a request for a response from the device (200) in the response type information. Furthermore, one or more memories (204) of the second wireless device (200) may store commands for performing the method described in the example of FIG. 9 or the examples described later when executed by one or more processors (202).

[0167] Hereinafter, a method for transmitting and receiving signals between an ambient IoT device and a (transmitting / receiving) reader device (e.g., BS, gNB, intermediate node, UE, etc.) will be specifically described. In the following embodiments, the ambient IoT device that performs communication with various reader devices may be expressed as a terminal (UE) or a device. That is, when the ambient IoT device is implemented as a UE, the reader device may be implemented as a BS, gNB, intermediate node, etc. As another example, when the ambient IoT device is implemented as a separate (IoT) device, the reader device may be implemented as a BS, gNB, intermediate node, UE, etc.

[0168] Example 1

[0169] Embodiment 1 relates to a process for an ambient IoT device to access a reader device. As an example of the present disclosure, FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating a process for an ambient IoT device to access a reader device. Specifically, the connection process may be comprised of an MSG0 transmission / reception process (Embodiment 1-1), an MSG1 transmission / reception process (Embodiment 1-2), an MSG2 transmission / reception process (Embodiment 1-3), an MSG3 transmission / reception process (Embodiment 1-4), an MSG4 transmission / reception process, and an MSG5 transmission / reception process (Embodiment 1-5).

[0170] Example 1-1

[0171] As an example of the present disclosure, a leader device may transmit MSG0 (e.g., a query signal or / and PDCCH order, etc.) to an ambient IoT device.

[0172] For example, if MSG0 is a query signal, the terminal can determine whether to transmit MSG1 based on MSG0. MSG0 can be used as a DL sync signal, such as PSS / SSS. For example, MSG0 can be reused as a DL sync signal, such as PSS / SSS, or defined as a new sync signal.

[0173] Ambient IoT devices can monitor MSG0 for carrier sensing-based connectivity. MSG0 may include information indicating whether the ambient IoT device can connect to the reader device (e.g., whether the ambient IoT device can transmit MSG1). For example, if MSG0 includes information indicating "busy" or / and "idle," the ambient IoT device may determine that it can transmit MSG1 within a certain period of time.

[0174] Additionally or alternatively, ambient IoT devices may use the carrier of another device to avoid collisions. For example, (ambient IoT) device 2 may detect the carrier transmitted by device 1 and avoid accessing it for a period of time after detecting the carrier.

[0175] At this time, MSG0 may include connection-related system information. For example, the connection-related system information may include a timer value for connection operations, information related to the time interval during which MSG1 transmission is possible (e.g., information related to the start time, length, window pattern, etc.). Additionally or alternatively, the connection-related system information may be transmitted via a separate MSG 0 for each specific device type, and the MSG 0 may indicate that the system information applies only to the specific device type.

[0176] Additionally or alternatively, MSG0 may include information for resolving conflicts. For example, MSG0 may include probability-based access information, UE ID-based access information, early indication-based access information, UE group / type-based access information, service / access type-based access information, etc.

[0177] Additionally or alternatively, an ambient IoT device that detects the transmission of a message (e.g., MSG0, MSG2, MSG4, etc.) to another device may not transmit MSG 1. However, if the ambient IoT device does not detect such a message for a certain period of time, the ambient IoT device may transmit MSG 1.

[0178] For example, an ambient IoT device can monitor MSG0 to determine whether access to the leader device is permitted. If MSG0 indicates "Busy" or "Idle," the ambient IoT device can access the leader device only after the "Idle" indication.

[0179] Example 1-2

[0180] The ambient IoT device can (re)transmit MSG1 to the reader device. For example, the ambient IoT device can (re)transmit MSG1 to the reader device using backscattering. The method described below can also be applied to transmitting and receiving messages subsequent to MSG1 (e.g., MSG 3 / 5).

[0181] As an example of the present disclosure, when MSG1 is transmitted in a slotted ALOHA manner, the ambient IoT device can transmit MSG1 at a time aligned with a specific time point (e.g., a transmission time of a DL sync signal or MSG0 transmitted by a reader device, a CW (carrier wave) transmission time, a backscattering transmission time (e.g., ambient IoT device A or B), etc.). The slotted ALOHA manner is a method of transmitting data by unit time (e.g., slot). As another example, the ambient IoT device can transmit MSG1 by selectively backscattering CW.

[0182] Additionally, MSG 1 may include a sequence for collision avoidance. The sequence for collision avoidance may be determined based on at least one of the options described below.

[0183] Option 1: Select a random sequence

[0184] Option 1A: Random sequence + early indication or UE group / type / service / connection type indication

[0185] When Option 1A is applied, the ambient IoT device may transmit MSG1 in the form of an early indication or UE group / type / service / connection type indication attached before or after a randomly selected sequence. In this case, the indication may correspond to a sequence according to Option 3, Option 4, or Option 5.

[0186] Option 1B: Select a random sequence from a cell-specific sequence pool.

[0187] When Option 1B is applied, the ambient IoT device may receive sequence-related information from the leader device or randomly select a sequence from a preset pool of sequences.

[0188] Option 2: Device-dedicated sequence

[0189] When Option 2 is applied, the ambient IoT device can receive sequence-related information from the leader device or transmit a preset device-specific sequence.

[0190] Option 3: Early Instruction-Based Sequence Selection

[0191] When Option 3 is applied, the ambient IoT device may transmit a sequence that maps to an early indication. Here, the early indication may collectively refer to an indicator that indicates the type or capability of the device (or terminal).

[0192] Option 4: UE Group / Type-Based Sequence Selection

[0193] When Option 4 applies, the ambient IoT device can transmit a sequence that is mapped to a UE group / type.

[0194] Option 5: Select a sequence based on service / connection type.

[0195] When Option 5 is applied, the ambient IoT device can transmit a sequence that maps to the service or connection type it is currently trying to access.

[0196] Option 6: Channel quality-based sequence

[0197] The ambient IoT device can measure the signal transmitted by the reader device and transmit MSG1 with a sequence mapped to the measured value. For example, if the measured value is less than or equal to threshold 1, the ambient IoT device can select a sequence from the first sequence pool. If the measured value is greater than threshold 1 but less than or equal to threshold 2, the ambient IoT device can select a sequence from the second sequence pool.

[0198] Based on the sequence, early indication, UE group / type, service / access type or channel quality level selected through at least one of the above-described options, the ambient IoT device can determine the (backscatter-based) transmission time and / or reception time of MSG1, MSG2, MSG3, MSG4 or / and MSG5. For example, based on the UE group / type or service / access type, a subsequent specific MSG transmission start time, a specific MSG reception start time, a specific MSG transmission interval or a specific MSG reception interval can be determined.

[0199] Additionally or alternatively, based on a sequence, early indication, UE group / type, service / access type, or channel quality level selected through at least one of the above-described options, the ambient IoT device may determine the transmission / reception resources / time / frequency of MSG1, MSG2, MSG3, MSG4, or / and MSG5. Accordingly, the ambient IoT device may transmit and receive MSG1, MSG2, MSG3, MSG4, or / and MSG5 based on the determined resources / time / frequency.

[0200] When an ambient IoT device transmits MSG 1, at least one of the methods described below may be applied to resolve a collision. That is, the ambient IoT device may distribute MSG1 transmissions using at least one of the methods described below.

[0201] Method 1: Distribution over multiple frequencies

[0202] Method 1 is a method in which an ambient IoT device selects one MSG1 frequency among multiple MSG1 frequencies and transmits MSG1 using the selected frequency. The ambient IoT device may configure multiple MSG1 frequencies (e.g., via MSG0), or multiple MSG1 frequencies may be preset / defined. Distribution methods via multiple frequencies may include a probability-based distribution method, a UE ID / sequence-based distribution method, a UE-only signaling method (based on preset configuration rather than for initial access), a channel quality-based distribution method, a beam / SSB index-based distribution method, and / or a UE group / type-based sequence selection method.

[0203] As an example of the present disclosure, when a probability-based distribution method is applied, the ambient IoT device may select the MSG1 frequency based on preset probability information and / or probability information received via MSG0. For example, the ambient IoT device may select a value between 0 and 1 immediately before transmitting MSG1. If the selected value exceeds a threshold value set by the reader device or a preset threshold value, the ambient IoT device may select a first frequency among the plurality of MSG1 frequencies. If the selected value is less than or equal to the threshold value set by the reader device or a preset threshold value, the ambient IoT device may select a second frequency among the plurality of MSG1 frequencies.

[0204] As an example of the present disclosure, when a UE ID / sequence based distribution scheme is applied, the ambient IoT device can select the MSG1 frequency according to the MSG1 sequence selected according to the above-described option or according to the pre-assigned UE ID.

[0205] As an example of the present disclosure, when a UE-only signaling scheme (based on pre-configuration rather than initial connection) is applied, the ambient IoT device can transmit MSG1 using a frequency determined according to the UE-only signal. The UE-only signal may be pre-stored configuration information or a message notified in advance by the reader device.

[0206] As an example of the present disclosure, when a channel quality-based distribution method is applied, an ambient IoT device can measure a signal transmitted by a reader device and transmit MSG1 using a frequency mapped to the measured value. Here, the measured signal can be a DL sync signal or MSG0. For example, if the measured value is less than or equal to a threshold value 1, the ambient IoT device can select a first frequency among a plurality of MSG1 frequencies. If the measured value is greater than or equal to a threshold value 1 and less than or equal to a threshold value 2, the ambient IoT device can select a second frequency among a plurality of MSG1 frequencies.

[0207] As another example, when a channel quality-based distribution method is applied, the ambient IoT device can measure a signal transmitted by the leader device and transmit an MSG1 resource mapped to the measured value. Here, the measured signal can be a DL sync signal or MSG0. For example, if the measured value is less than or equal to a threshold value of 1, the ambient IoT device can select the first resource among multiple resources. If the measured value is greater than the threshold value of 1 and less than or equal to the threshold value of 2, the ambient IoT device can select the second resource among multiple resources. The multiple resources can be set by the leader device or can be predefined.

[0208] As an example of the present disclosure, when a beam / SSB index-based distribution method is applied, the ambient IoT device may measure a beam RS or SSB transmitted by a reader device, and transmit MSG1 using a frequency or resource mapped to a best RS index, a best SSB index, or an RS / SSB greater than or equal to a threshold value. For example, if an SSB having an SSB index value of 0 is the best SSB or a measurement value of the SSB is greater than or equal to a threshold value, the ambient IoT device may select a first frequency / resource among the plurality of MSG1 frequencies / resources. For example, if an SSB having an SSB index value of 1 is the best SSB or a measurement value of the SSB is greater than or equal to a threshold value, the ambient IoT device may select a second frequency / resource among the plurality of MSG1 frequencies / resources.

[0209] As an example of the present disclosure, when a UE group / type based sequence selection method is applied, an ambient IoT device can select a frequency mapped to a UE group / type (among multiple MSG1 frequencies) and transmit MSG1 using the selected frequency.

[0210] As an example of the present disclosure, when a service / connection type-based sequence selection method is applied, the ambient IoT device can select a frequency (among multiple MSG1 frequencies) mapped to a service or connection type to which it is currently trying to connect, and transmit MSG1 using the selected frequency.

[0211] Method 2: Time-based distribution method

[0212] The time-based distribution method is a method in which the ambient IoT device selects a specific point in time / slot within a time interval for MSG1 transmission and transmits MSG1 within the selected specific point in time / slot. The ambient IoT device may set the time interval for MSG1 transmission (via MSG0), or the time interval for MSG1 transmission may be determined according to a predefined rule. The ambient IoT device may select the MSG1 transmission point in time / slot using at least one of the methods described below. In this case, the MSG1 transmission interval / point in time / slot may be determined as a point in time that is offset by a positive / negative amount from the CW transmission / reception point in time.

[0213] As an example of the present disclosure, when a probability-based distribution method is applied, the ambient IoT device may select a MSG1 transmission time / slot within the MSG 1 time interval based on preset probability information or probability information received from MSG0. For example, the ambient IoT device may select a specific value between 0 and 1 immediately before transmitting MSG1. If the selected specific value is preset by the reader device or exceeds a preset threshold, the ambient IoT device may select a first transmission time interval / transmission time / slot (within the time interval for MSG1 transmission). If the selected specific value is preset by the reader device or is less than or equal to a preset threshold, the ambient IoT device may select a second transmission time interval / transmission time / slot (within the time interval for MSG1 transmission). Then, the ambient IoT device may transmit MSG 1 in the selected transmission time interval / transmission time / slot.

[0214] As an example of the present disclosure, when a UE ID / sequence based distribution scheme is applied, the ambient IoT device can select an MSG1 transmission time point / slot within the time interval for MSG 1 transmission according to the MSG1 sequence selected according to the above-described option or the pre-assigned UE ID. For example, when the result value of sequence mode N or UE ID mod N is 0, the ambient IoT device can select the first transmission time interval / transmission time point / slot (within the time interval for MSG 1 transmission). When the result value of sequence mode N or UE ID mod N is 1, the ambient IoT device can select the second transmission time interval / transmission time point / slot (within the time interval for MSG 1 transmission).

[0215] As an example of the present disclosure, when a UE-only signaling scheme (based on pre-configuration rather than initial connection) is applied, the ambient IoT device can transmit MSG1 through a MSG1 transmission time interval / point / slot determined according to the UE-only signal. The UE-only signal may be pre-stored configuration information or a message notified in advance by the reader device.

[0216] As an example of the present disclosure, when a channel quality-based distribution scheme is applied, the ambient IoT device can measure a signal transmitted by the leader device and transmit MSG1 using a transmission time interval / point in time / slot within a time interval mapped to the measured value. Here, the measured signal can be a DL sync signal or MSG0. For example, if the measured value is less than or equal to a threshold value 1, the ambient IoT device can select the first time interval / point in time / slot (within the time interval for transmitting MSG1). If the measured value is greater than or equal to a threshold value 1 and less than or equal to a threshold value 2, the ambient IoT device can select the second time interval / point in time / slot (within the time interval for transmitting MSG1).

[0217] In another example of the present disclosure, when a channel quality-based distribution method is applied, the ambient IoT device can measure a signal transmitted by a leader device and transmit an MSG1 resource mapped to the measured value. Here, the measured signal can be a DL sync signal or MSG0. For example, if the measured value is less than or equal to a threshold value 1, the ambient IoT device can select a first resource among a plurality of resources. If the measured value is greater than the threshold value 1 and less than or equal to a threshold value 2, the ambient IoT device can select a second resource among the plurality of resources. Here, the resource can be determined by frequency and / or time.

[0218] As an example of the present disclosure, when a beam / SSB index-based distribution scheme is applied, the ambient IoT device can measure the beam RS or SSB transmitted by the reader device, and transmit MSG1 using a transmission time interval / point in time / slot or resource within a time interval mapped to a best RS index, a best SSB index, or an RS / SSB greater than or equal to a threshold value. For example, if an SSB having an SSB index value of 0 is the best SSB or a measurement value of the SSB is greater than or equal to a threshold value, the ambient IoT device can select a first transmission time interval / point in time / slot or resource (within a time interval for transmitting MSG1). For example, if an SSB having an SSB index value of 1 is the best SSB or a measurement value of the SSB is greater than or equal to a threshold value, the ambient IoT device can select a second transmission time interval / point in time / slot or resource (within a time interval for transmitting MSG1).

[0219] As an example of the present disclosure, when an energy storage based distribution scheme is applied, the ambient IoT device may measure the remaining energy storage level of the device and transmit MSG1 using a specific time interval / transmission point / slot within a time interval mapped to the measured value. For example, if the measured value (i.e., the energy storage level of the ambient IoT device) is less than or equal to a threshold value 1, the ambient IoT device may select the first transmission time interval / point / slot or resource (within the time interval for transmitting MSG1). If the measured value is greater than the threshold value 1 and less than or equal to a threshold value 2, the ambient IoT device may select the second transmission time interval / point / slot or resource (within the time interval for transmitting MSG1). In this case, the ambient IoT device may be configured to select a faster transmission time interval / point / slot as the remaining energy storage level decreases.

[0220] As an example of the present disclosure, when an energy storage-based distribution method is applied, an ambient IoT device can measure the remaining energy storage level of the device and transmit an MSG1 resource mapped to the measured value. For example, if the measured value (i.e., the energy storage level of the ambient IoT device) is less than or equal to a threshold value 1, the ambient IoT device can select a first resource among a plurality of resources. If the measured value is greater than the threshold value 1 and less than or equal to a threshold value 2, the ambient IoT device can select a second resource among the plurality of resources. Here, the resource can be determined by frequency / time.

[0221] As an example of the present disclosure, when a UE group / type-based sequence selection method is applied, an ambient IoT device can select a transmission time interval / point / slot mapped to a UE group / type (within a time interval for MSG1 transmission) and transmit MSG1 using the selected transmission time interval / point / slot.

[0222] As an example of the present disclosure, when a service / connection type-based sequence selection method is applied, the ambient IoT device can select a transmission time interval / point / slot mapped to a service or connection type to which it is currently trying to access (within the time interval for MSG1 transmission), and transmit MSG1 using the selected transmission time interval / point / slot.

[0223] As an example of the present disclosure, when a priority-based distribution scheme is applied, the ambient IoT device may select a transmission time interval / slot / point in time (for transmitting MSG1) based on the device priority or the priority of the connection to which it is currently trying to connect, and transmit MSG1 at the selected transmission time interval / slot / point in time. For example, in an access procedure with a high priority, or the device may select a short first transmission time interval / point in time / slot (within the time interval for transmitting MSG1), and transmit MSG1 using the first selected transmission time interval / point in time / slot. In an access procedure with a low priority, or the device may select a long second transmission time interval / point in time / slot or resource (within the time interval for transmitting MSG1), and transmit MSG1 using the second selected transmission time interval / point in time / slot.

[0224] An ambient IoT device can transmit MSG1 to a reader device according to at least one of the above-described methods. At this time, the terminal can probabilistically determine whether to actually transmit MSG1. For example, if the predefined / set probability value is a specific value (e.g., 0.3), the ambient IoT device can select a random number. If the random number is less than or equal to the specific value, the ambient IoT device can transmit MSG1. If the random number exceeds the specific value, the ambient IoT device can start a timer for back-off without transmitting MSG1.

[0225] After back-off (i.e., after the timer for back-off expires), the ambient IoT device may perform MSG1 retransmission according to at least one of the above-described methods. Additionally or alternatively, if MSG2 or / and MSG4 are not received, if MSG 2 or / and MSG4 do not contain a sequence or UE ID of the ambient IoT device, if MSG 2 or / and MSG4 do not indicate ACK, or / and if MSG 2 or / and MSG4 indicate NACK, the ambient IoT device may perform back-off.

[0226] After back-off (i.e., after the timer for back-off expires), the ambient IoT device can perform MSG1 retransmission according to at least one of the methods described above. The ambient IoT device can retransmit MSG1 after selecting / determining a back-off time (i.e., a timer value) according to at least one of the methods described below. The ambient IoT device can obtain the selectable back-off time values ​​from MSG 0, ​​MSG 2, or / and MSG 4, or from pre-stored information / system information.

[0227] As an example of the present disclosure, when a probability-based back-off time scheme is applied, the ambient IoT device may select a back-off time based on preset probability information or probability information received from MSG0. For example, the ambient IoT device may select a specific value between 0 and 1 immediately before transmitting MSG1. If the selected specific value is preset by the reader device or exceeds a preset threshold, the ambient IoT device may select a first back-off time (from among the plurality of back-off times). If the selected specific value is preset by the reader device or is less than or equal to a preset threshold, the ambient IoT device may select a second back-off time (from among the plurality of back-off times). Then, the ambient IoT device may transmit MSG 1 based on the selected back-off time.

[0228] As an example of the present disclosure, when a UE ID / sequence based back-off time scheme is applied, the ambient IoT device may select a back-off time according to a selected MSG1 sequence or a pre-assigned UE ID according to the above-described options. For example, when the result value of sequence mode N or UE ID mod N is 0, the ambient IoT device may select a first back-off time (from among a plurality of back-off times). When the result value of sequence mode N or UE ID mod N is 1, the ambient IoT device may select a second back-off time (from among a plurality of back-off times). Here, N may be equal to the number of selectable back-off times.

[0229] As an example of the present disclosure, when a UE-only signaling scheme (based on pre-configuration rather than initial connection) is applied, the ambient IoT device may transmit MSG1 based on a back-off time determined according to the UE-only signal. The UE-only signal may be pre-stored configuration information or a message notified in advance by the leader device.

[0230] As an example of the present disclosure, when a channel quality-based distribution method is applied, an ambient IoT device can measure a signal transmitted by a leader device and transmit MSG1 using a back-off time mapped to the measured value. Here, the measured signal can be a DL sync signal or MSG0. For example, if the measured value is less than or equal to a threshold value 1, the ambient IoT device can select a first back-off time (from among a plurality of back-off times). If the measured value is greater than or equal to a threshold value 1 and less than or equal to a threshold value 2, the ambient IoT device can select a second back-off time (from among a plurality of back-off times).

[0231] As an example of the present disclosure, when a beam / SSB index-based distribution scheme is applied, the ambient IoT device may measure the beam RS or SSB transmitted by the reader device, and transmit MSG1 using a back-off time mapped to a best RS index, a best SSB index, or an RS / SSB greater than or equal to a threshold value. For example, if an SSB having an SSB index value of 0 is the best SSB or a measurement value of the SSB is greater than or equal to a threshold value, the ambient IoT device may select a first back-off time (from among a plurality of back-off times). For example, if an SSB having an SSB index value of 1 is the best SSB or a measurement value of the SSB is greater than or equal to a threshold value, the ambient IoT device may select a second back-off time (from among a plurality of back-off times).

[0232] As an example of the present disclosure, when an energy storage-based distribution method is applied, an ambient IoT device may measure the remaining energy storage level of the device and transmit MSG1 using a back-off time mapped to the measured value. For example, if the measured value (i.e., the energy storage level of the ambient IoT device) is less than or equal to a threshold value 1, the ambient IoT device may select a first back-off time (from among a plurality of back-off times). If the measured value is greater than the threshold value 1 and less than or equal to a threshold value 2, the ambient IoT device may select a second back-off time (from among a plurality of back-off times). In this case, the ambient IoT device may be configured to select a shorter back-off time as the remaining energy storage level decreases.

[0233] As an example of the present disclosure, when a UE group / type-based sequence selection method is applied, an ambient IoT device can select a back-off time mapped to a UE group / type (among multiple back-off times) and transmit MSG1 using the selected back-off time.

[0234] As an example of the present disclosure, when a service / connection type-based sequence selection method is applied, the ambient IoT device can select a back-off time (among multiple back-off times) that is mapped to a service or connection type to which it is currently trying to connect, and transmit MSG1 using the selected back-off time.

[0235] As an example of the present disclosure, when a priority-based distribution scheme is applied, the ambient IoT device may select a back-off time based on the device priority or the priority of the connection to which it is currently trying to connect, and transmit MSG1 using the selected back-off time. For example, in an access procedure with a high priority, or the device may select a short first back-off time (from among a plurality of back-off times) that is mapped to the service or connection type to which it is currently trying to connect, and transmit MSG1 using the selected first back-off time. In an access procedure with a low priority, or the device may select a long second back-off time (from among a plurality of back-off times) that is mapped to the service or connection type to which it is currently trying to connect, and transmit MSG1 using the selected second back-off time.

[0236] Example 1-3

[0237] The ambient IoT device may receive MSG2 (from the reader device) after performing (re)transmission of MSG1. In one example of the present disclosure, MSG2 may include / indicate ACK and / or NACK information. For example, if the reader device successfully receives MSG1 and allows connection, MSG2 may include / indicate ACK. If the reader device does not successfully receive MSG1 or / and does not allow connection, MSG2 may include / indicate NACK.

[0238] For example, if MSG2 includes / indicates ACK, MSG2 may include at least one of information included in MSG1 (e.g., sequence information), transmission / reception resources of MSG1 (e.g., time / frequency resources), time / frequency for transmitting / receiving MSGs (e.g., MSG0, MSG1, MSG2, MSG3, MSG4, and / or MSG5, etc.), or CW time / frequency information for backscattering. If MSG2 includes / indicates NACK, MSG2 may include a back-off time.

[0239] Example 1-4

[0240] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, when an ACK including / indicating an ACK is received, the ambient IoT device may transmit MSG3 (to the reader device). For example, the ambient IoT device may transmit MSG3 in a backscattering manner. The selection of a time interval / point in time / frequency / resource for transmitting MSG3 may be determined / selected based on at least one of the transmission / reception time interval / point in time / frequency / resource selection methods of MSG2.

[0241] MSG3 may contain at least one of UE ID, sequence, early indication, UE group / type, connection type, RRC connection / resume request message for initial connection, and C-RNTI MAC CE for UE within RRC_CONNECTED.

[0242] Here, the UE ID (e.g., C-RNTI) may be scrambled, masked, or attached to all UL messages. The sequence may be part or all of the sequence selected for MSG1. In another example, the sequence may be part or all of a newly selected sequence using at least one of the MSG1 sequence selection methods described above. The early indication may include the device type (e.g., device A, device B, or device C) and / or other processing times. The RRC connection / resume request message may include the UE ID (e.g., s-TMSI or resumption ID), etc.

[0243] Example 1-5

[0244] An ambient IoT device that transmitted MSG 3 may receive MSG4 (from a reader device). MSG4 may include a UE ID (or / and contention resolution MAC CE) and / or sequence information. Here, the sequence may be selected / determined based on at least one of the MSG1 sequence selection methods described above.

[0245] If MSG4 contains the UE ID (or device ID) or sequence of the ambient IoT device, the ambient IoT device may transmit MSG5 (to the reader device).

[0246] For example, MSG5 may include terminal capability information. For example, the terminal capability information may include capability information related to device type (e.g., device type A, B, C), other processing times, early indication (e.g., device type, other processing times), terminal group / type, connection type, etc. Additionally or alternatively, MSG5 may include at least one of a UE ID, a sequence, and user data.

[0247] Example 2

[0248] Example 2 relates to a method for setting / defining a symbol duration for ambient IoT (AmIoT) terminal / device communication.

[0249] Considering the numerology of the NR system and the target data rate of the AmIoT system, the symbol interval for AmIoT communication can be determined according to at least one of the embodiments described below.

[0250] In describing the present disclosure, the NR system can be replaced with a (5G and / or 6G) wireless communication system (or a parent system / coexisting communication system). The (CP-)OFDM symbol can be replaced with an existing transmission time unit of the (5G and / or 6G) wireless communication system (or a parent system / coexisting communication system).

[0251] Example 2-1

[0252] N CF-OFDM symbol intervals of an NR system can be defined as a symbol interval for one AmIoT communication. The N value can be predefined or set / instructed to an AmIoT device.

[0253] Example 2-2

[0254] A CP-OFDM symbol interval of an NR system can be divided into M equal parts, and one of the M equally divided CP-OFDM symbol intervals can be defined as a symbol interval for AmIoT communication. Here, the value of M can be predefined or set / indicated by an AmIoT device. In this case, a CP interval can be included in a CF-OFDM symbol interval, but is not limited thereto. A CF-OFDM symbol interval may include only a part of a CP interval or may not include a CP interval.

[0255] Example 2-3

[0256] One or more OFDM symbols (e.g., predefined OFDM symbol sample values ​​(e.g., T C or T S ) can be defined as a sample group, and K sample group(s) can be defined as a symbol interval for one AmIoT communication. Here, the K value and the sample group determination method can be predefined or set / instructed to the AmIoT device.

[0257] One of Examples 2-1, 2-2 and 2-3 may be set / applied differently or set / applied commonly depending on the following elements.

[0258] - Use cases of AmIoT terminals (e.g., sensors, commands, inventory, positioning, etc.)

[0259] - Device type of AmIoT terminal, tag ID or / and topology of AMIoT communication

[0260] Example 3

[0261] It relates to a method for configuring a symbol interval for ambient IoT (AmIoT) terminal communication.

[0262] For communication between AmIoT terminals corresponding to device type A or B, both an energy transfer signal (ETS) for energy harvesting purposes and a backscattering signal (BSS) exchanged for backscattering communication after the AmIoT terminals receive the ETS may be required.

[0263] In order for the BSS signal transmitted by the base station or intermediate node (or, a separate UE device) to be efficiently received as a backscattered signal by the AmIoT device, it may be advantageous for the BSS signal to be configured as CW.

[0264] However, in order to be robust against inter-symbol interference (ISI) after generating a single OFDM symbol in an NR system, a CP may be attached to the front of the generated OFDM symbol, thereby configuring the final OFDM symbol. Due to the above-described characteristics, it may be difficult to construct a CW structure that maintains the same frequency component across multiple OFDM symbols, as illustrated in (a) of Fig. 11.

[0265] To overcome this, as illustrated in (b) of Fig. 11, by adjusting the phase for each OFDM symbol, the waveform can be configured so that the CW condition is satisfied across multiple OFDM symbols even if a CP is attached to the front of the OFDM symbol.

[0266] As described above, the pi / 2-BPSK (binary phase-shift keying) modulation method can be applied to control the phase for each CP. However, even when the Pi / 2-BPSK modulation method is applied, a problem may arise where the phase exceeds Pi / 2 or Pi / 4 due to the CP inserted in the middle. Therefore, a method that controls the phase for each CP while applying the Pi / 2-BPSK modulation method can be applied at the same time.

[0267] Pi / 2-BPSK modulation (and phase control per CP) makes sense in situations where data is transmitted by modulating it on a symbol-by-symbol basis, but Pi / 2-BPSK modulation (and phase control per CP) can only be applied to BSS (not ETS).

[0268] Additionally, when the above-described CW transmission method is applied, the unit and / or period in which CW is maintained can be set / instructed by the base station to the AmIoT device. For example, as illustrated in (b) of FIG. 11, when CW is maintained for every 2 OFDM symbols, 2 OFDM symbol interval information and / or the starting point of the interval (e.g., SFN#0 or every sub-frame) can be set / defined / instructed. Here, the interval information can be configured in units of OFDM symbols (or slots, subframes, or absolute time). For example, when the interval is set / instructed as 1 slot, the AmIoT device can assume that CW is maintained for at least a plurality of OFDM symbols within the same slot.

[0269] As another example of the present disclosure, a signal for an AmIoT terminal can be configured by repeating OFDM symbols without a CP (similar to the NR PRACH signal configuration). In this case, the base station can either abandon FDM with NR signals or perform FDM with existing NR signals after setting a guard band along the frequency axis.

[0270] Since the CW properties may not be maintained due to CP insertion, the CP interval may be used for other purposes. For example, during the CP interval (or during the symbol interval (or part of the symbol interval) for AmIoT terminal communication that includes the CP interval), the base station may transmit a known sequence, rather than data, to the AmIoT device, which may then use the sequence for time and / or frequency axis synchronization.

[0271] As described above, the CP interval (or the symbol interval for AmIoT terminal communication including the CP interval (or a part of the symbol interval)) for each symbol may not be utilized for other purposes. Therefore, the AmIoT device can set / receive specific time interval information. The interval information may be configured in units of OFDM symbols (or slots, sub-frames, absolute time) (e.g., X mesc, Y usec). For example, if information such as 1 slot is set, the AmIoT device can recognize that the CP interval (or the symbol interval for AmIoT terminal communication including the CP interval (or a part of the symbol interval)) for each slot is configured in a known sequence.

[0272] As described above, the method of maintaining CW across multiple OFDM symbols can be applied to embodiment 4-1 (i.e., an embodiment of a method of defining N CP-OFDM symbol intervals as a symbol interval for one AmIoT communication).

[0273] As described above, the CW transmission method can be applied to both ETS and BSS without distinction. As another example, since a higher PAPR can increase energy transfer efficiency, the CW transmission method can be applied only to BSS (and not to ETS).

[0274] Example 4

[0275] Example 4 relates to a frequency modulation method of a backscattering signal considering frequency diversity and / or (inter-cell) interference randomization.

[0276] As an example of the present disclosure, as illustrated in FIG. 12 (a), an AmIoT device that receives a CW (i.e., a BSS signal) of frequency F_c transmitted by a base station or intermediate node (or a separate terminal device) can modulate the frequency by applying F_gap. Then, the AmIoT device can transmit the backscattered signal / data to the base station or intermediate node (or a separate terminal device) via the frequency F_t.

[0277] It may be advantageous to increase the efficiency of IoT communications by reducing interference when signals are received from multiple base stations or intermediate nodes (or separate UE devices) that may be present in the vicinity from the receiving perspective of a single AmIoT device. Similarly, it may be advantageous to increase the efficiency of IoT communications by reducing interference when signals are received from multiple AmIoT devices from the receiving perspective of a base station or intermediate node (or separate UE device).

[0278] Additionally, fading on specific frequencies (e.g., F_c or F_t) in wireless channel environments can significantly degrade communication efficiency. Therefore, pursuing frequency diversification can help maximize the efficiency of IoT communications to overcome this issue. Below, we describe a method for determining F_c and / or F_t.

[0279] In consideration of the effect of reducing interference when signals are received from multiple base stations or intermediate nodes (or separate terminal devices) from the perspective of receiving a single AmIoT terminal, the position of F_c may be varied by considering all or some of a plurality of factors (e.g., (physical) cell index, sub-frame index, slot index, CP-OFDM symbol index of NR system, symbol index for AmIoT terminal communication, AmIoT device type).

[0280] Similarly, in consideration of the effect of reducing interference when signals are received from multiple AmIoT devices from a base station or intermediate node (or separate terminal device) receiving perspective, the position of F_t (relative to F_c) (or the size of F_gap) may be varied by taking into account all or some of a plurality of factors (e.g., AmIoT device index, sub-frame index, slot index, CP-OFDM symbol index of NR system, symbol index for AmIoT terminal communication, AmIoT device type, capability for (maximum) F_gap size of AmIoT, etc.).

[0281] As an example of F_t size variability considering the AmIoT device type, for a terminal of device type A, an F_t (or F_gap size) value within a maximum of X may be set / indicated, but for a terminal of device type B, an F_t (or F_gap size) value within a maximum of Y (>X) (or within a maximum of Y but equal to or greater than a minimum of X) may be set / indicated. Here, the values ​​of X and Y may be preset or defined.

[0282] Additionally or alternatively, taking into account the frequency diversification effect, CWs utilizing more than one F_c value at a time may be transmitted by the BSS (or / and ETS), even if the signal is from one base station or intermediate node (or separate terminal device).

[0283] Additionally or alternatively, a frequency hopping scheme may be applied to the position of F_c and / or the position of F_t (or the size of F_gap) (relative to F_c) by taking into account both the frequency diversification effect and the interference randomization effect. For example, individual hopping offsets of F_hop 1 and F_hop 2 may be applied, and the change period and the size of the approximate value between the two offsets may be set / applied differently. For example, the F_c value at {t+1}-th time may be determined from the F_c value at the t-th time by the formula "F_c(t+1) = F_c(t) + F_hop1 + F_hop2".

[0284] Here, the time t value can be determined by a combination of a sub-frame index, a slot index, a symbol index, etc. The range of the period and the size of the changed value of F_hop 1 and F_hop 2 can be set separately. For example, the period and size of one of F_hop 1 and F_hop 2 (e.g., F_hop 2) can be set to always be greater than the other (e.g., F_hop 1).

[0285] Additionally, the same hopping rules may apply depending on whether the signal is an ETS or a BSS. Alternatively, different hopping rules may apply (e.g., in BSS, both F_hop 1 and F_hop 2 are applied, whereas in ETS, only one offset is applied (e.g., F_hop2 is applied, but F_hop1 is not applied).

[0286] The positions / sizes of F_c, F_gap, F_t, F_hop1, and F_hop2 can be defined to have a multiple relationship with the SCS defined in the NR system by considering the numerology of NR. For example, the position of F_c can be set by recycling NR-ARFCN. The sizes of F_gap, F_hop1, and F_hop2 can be determined as multiples of a specific SCS (e.g., a separately set SCS, an SCS set in the activated / initial / default BWP, the largest or smallest SCS among multiple SCSs set in the associated carrier, etc.), or as multiples of 1 RB (e.g., 12 sub-carriers) based on the specific SCS.

[0287] Example 5

[0288] Example 5 relates to a time-domain modulation method of a backscattering signal considering frequency diversification and / or (inter-cell) interference randomization.

[0289] As an example of the present disclosure, as illustrated in (b) of FIG. 12, an AmIoT device that receives a signal (i.e., a BSS signal) from a base station or an intermediate node (or a separate terminal device) at time T_c can perform delayed transmission after time T_gap by applying T_gap. Accordingly, the AmIoT device can transmit the backscattered signal / data to the base station or an intermediate node (or a separate terminal device) at time T_t.

[0290] From the perspective of a single AmIoT terminal receiving, it may be beneficial to increase the efficiency of IoT communication by reducing interference when signals are received from multiple base stations or intermediate nodes (or separate terminal devices) that may be present in the vicinity.

[0291] Similarly, from a base station or intermediate node (or separate terminal device) reception perspective, it may be beneficial to increase the efficiency of IoT communications by reducing interference when signals can be received from multiple AmIoT terminals. Furthermore, pursuing a time-diversification effect, similar to that in Example 4, in a wireless channel environment may help maximize the efficiency of IoT communications.

[0292] Below, a method for determining F_c, F_t, T_c and / or T_t is described taking into account the above-described advantages.

[0293] In consideration of the effect of reducing interference when signals are received from multiple base stations or intermediate nodes (or separate terminal devices) from the perspective of receiving a single AmIoT terminal, the position of T_c may be varied by considering all or some of a plurality of factors (e.g., (physical) cell index, sub-frame index, slot index, CP-OFDM symbol index of NR system, symbol index for AmIoT terminal communication, AmIoT device type).

[0294] Similarly, considering the effect of reducing interference when signals can be received from multiple AmIoT terminals from the perspective of receiving from a base station or intermediate node (or separate terminal device), the position of T_t (relative to T_c) (or the size of T_gap) may be varied by considering all or some of a plurality of factors (e.g., AmIoT device index, sub-frame index, slot index, CP-OFDM symbol index of NR system, symbol index for AmIoT terminal communication, AmIoT device type, capability for (maximum) T_gap size of AmIoT, etc.).

[0295] As an example of T_t size variation considering AmIoT device type, for a terminal of device type A, a T_t (or T_gap size) value within a maximum of X can be set / indicated. And, for a terminal of device type B, a T_t (or T_gap size) value within a maximum of Y (>X) (or within a maximum of Y but greater than / exceeding a minimum of X) can be set / indicated. The X and Y values ​​can be separately set in advance or can be predefined.

[0296] Meanwhile, considering the time diversification effect, CWs utilizing multiple time points (i.e., multiple T_c values) can be transmitted as BSS (and / or ETS) even if it is the same signal (or modulated data) from one base station or intermediate node (or separate terminal device).

[0297] In addition, in the backscattered data transmission of the AmIoT terminal, the positions of one or more T_t (or the size of T_gap) corresponding to one T_c can be defined, and the AmIoT terminal can transmit backscattered signals at multiple positions of T_t for the same signal (or modulated signal).

[0298] Additionally or alternatively, time-varying values ​​may be applied to the position of T_c and / or the position of T_t (relative to T_c) (or the size of T_gap) to account for time-varying and / or interference randomization effects.

[0299] For example, the T_gap value at the {t+1}th time can be determined from the T_gap value at the tth time by the formula "T_gap(t+1) = T_gap(t) + T_hop".

[0300] Here, the time t value can be determined by a combination of sub-frame index, slot index, symbol index, etc. The period in which T_hop changes and the range of the size of the changed value can be separately set. As another example, the period in which T_hop changes and the size of the changed value can be defined as a value that changes randomly (within a specific set range).

[0301] Additionally or alternatively, the value of T_gap(t+1) at a particular time point {t+1} may be defined as a value that changes randomly (within a certain defined range) without any relation to T_gap(t) at a previous time point t.

[0302] Considering that a larger T_gap may lead to greater power consumption of AmIoT terminals, it may be beneficial in terms of fairness for the T_gap value to change randomly. Furthermore, the same rules may apply depending on whether the signal is ETS or BSS, but different rules (e.g., a rule that applies a different T_hop change period / value for BSS and a different T_hop change period / value for ETS) may apply.

[0303] The timing / size of the above-described T_c, T_gap, T_t, and T_hop can be defined to have a multiple relationship with one or more OFDM samples (e.g., predefined T_c or T_s) defined in the NR system, taking into account the numerology of NR.

[0304] FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating signaling between a terminal (e.g., a UE or an ambient IoT device) and a base station according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0305] The base station can transmit a CW (i.e., a BSS signal) of frequency F_c to the terminal (S1310).

[0306] A terminal receiving a CW of frequency F_c can modulate (or / and backscatter) the frequency by applying F_gap determined according to various factors (e.g., UE ID, time index, device type, etc.) (S1320). Then, the terminal can transmit the backscattered data / signal to the base station via frequency F_t (i.e., F_c + F_gap) (S1330).

[0307] As described in the above-described embodiments, taking into account frequency diversification and / or interference randomization effects, the terminal may vary F_c and / or F_gap depending on the cell / UE ID, time index (e.g., subframe, slot, symbol, etc.), and device type.

[0308] By various embodiments described above, in a mixed situation where communication between multiple base stations and AmIot terminals is performed, backscattering-based communication can be efficiently performed by varying the time / frequency time using cell / UE ID, time index (e.g., subframe, slot, symbol, etc.), device type, etc. Accordingly, communication efficiency can be increased due to frequency diversification and / or interference randomization effects.

[0309] Example 6

[0310] The present embodiment relates to a method for determining proximity (or whether they are adjacent) between a reader and a device by having the device(s) respond with a second signal according to a situation / condition based on a first signal transmitted by the reader. For example, the following examples include a method for the reader to determine whether specific device(s) are adjacent, whether any other (any) device is adjacent excluding specific device(s), or whether any device is adjacent without distinguishing specific device(s). In addition, the device may also determine proximity to the reader based on the first signal from the reader.

[0311] The first signal transmitted by the leader may include, for example, a wake-up signal, a paging signal, a query, or a signal / message, and may also be referred to as an R2T or R2D signal. Examples in which the first signal is replaced with a carrier wave (CW) in the examples described below may also be included within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0312] The second signal transmitted by the device corresponds to a signal transmitted based on backscattering for CW and may be referred to as a T2R or D2R signal.

[0313] Example 6-1

[0314] Through the first signal, devices already identified by the leader can be set / instructed not to respond. Alternatively, the first signal can be used to determine whether a device already identified by the leader is within coverage.

[0315] Example 6-1-1

[0316] The first signal includes identification information for a specific device(s), and only the device(s) corresponding to the identification information can respond. This first signal may correspond to a terminal-specific wake-up signal or a terminal-specific paging method. For example, the identification information may include a C-RNTI, a handle, etc.

[0317] As an example of this, the first signal may include a wake-up signal (e.g., 010101), a request indicator (e.g., 011 corresponding to a request for a response from a device with a specific C-RNTI), and a requested device ID (e.g., a 16-bit C-RNTI). In this case, the second signal may include the requested device ID (e.g., the C-RNTI).

[0318] As another example, the first signal may include a wake-up signal (e.g., 010101), a request indicator (e.g., 010, corresponding to a request for a response from a device with a specific recent random number), and the requested recent random number. In this case, the second signal may include the requested recent random number.

[0319] As another example, the first signal may include a wake-up signal (e.g., 010101), a request indicator (e.g., 001 corresponding to a request for a response from a device having a particular recent random number and a particular C-RNTI), the requested recent random number, and the requested device ID (e.g., C-RNTI). In this case, the second signal may include the requested recent random number and the requested device ID (e.g., C-RNTI).

[0320] As another example, the first signal may include a wake-up signal (e.g., 010101), a request indicator (e.g., 101 corresponding to a request for a response from a device having a specific device group ID), the requested device group ID, and the requested device ID (e.g., C-RNTI). In this case, the second signal may include the requested device group ID and the requested device ID (e.g., C-RNTI).

[0321] In the various examples described above, the second signal may include additional information. For example, the second signal may additionally include unique identification information of the device, a specific code, access information, or specific information stored in the device's storage. For example, such additional information may be included in the second signal if indicated by a specific indicator in the first signal, and may not be included in the second signal if not indicated.

[0322] In the various examples described above, an indicator may be additionally included in the first signal to indicate whether device identification information (e.g., device ID, device group ID, random number, etc.) is included / added to the second signal. If the indicator indicates that device identification information is not included in the second signal, the second signal in the examples described above may be replaced with one that does not include device identification information.

[0323] Example 6-1-2

[0324] A first signal may invoke (e.g., request a response from) any identified device or a specific group of identified devices, such that all (identified) devices or device(s) belonging to a specific group of (identified) devices may respond. This first signal may correspond to a terminal group wake-up signal or a terminal group paging scheme.

[0325] As an example of this, the first signal may include a wake-up signal (e.g., 010101), a request indicator (e.g., 111 corresponding to a request for a response from any identified device having the requested device ID). In this case, the second signal may include the requested device ID (e.g., C-RNTI). For example, a device may transmit the second signal including its device ID if its pre-assigned or pre-configured device ID stored in its storage matches the format of the requested device ID included in the first signal.

[0326] As another example, the first signal may include a wake-up signal (e.g., 010101), a request indicator (e.g., 110, corresponding to a request for a response from any identified device). In this case, the second signal may include the most recent random number or a fixed number. If the device has previously transmitted any random number (e.g., if an unidentified device generates and transmits a random number, and the device has been identified by the random number for a predetermined period of time), the device may transmit the second signal including the most recent random number. Otherwise (e.g., a device that has not been identified by a random number, etc.), the device may transmit the second signal including a fixed number. For example, the fixed number may be a predefined value.

[0327] As another example, the first signal may include a wake-up signal (e.g., 010101), a request indicator (e.g., 100, corresponding to a request for a response from a device belonging to an identified device group that does not have a device ID), and a requested device group ID. In this case, the second signal may include the requested device group ID, with or without the assigned device ID. For example, a device may transmit the second signal including its device group ID if its pre-assigned or pre-configured device group ID stored in its storage matches the requested device group ID included in the first signal.

[0328] As another example, the first signal may include a wake-up signal (e.g., 010101), a request indicator (e.g., 101 corresponding to a request for a response from a device belonging to an identified device group having a device ID), a requested device group ID, and a requested device ID (e.g., a C-RNTI). In this case, the second signal may include the requested device group ID and the requested device ID (e.g., the C-RNTI). The device may transmit the second signal including its device group ID and device ID if its pre-assigned or preset device group ID stored in its storage matches the requested device group ID included in the first signal, and if its pre-assigned or preset device ID stored in its storage matches the requested device ID included in the first signal.

[0329] In the various examples described above, the second signal may include additional information. For example, the second signal may additionally include unique identification information of the device, a specific code, access information, or specific information stored in the device's storage. For example, such additional information may be included in the second signal if indicated by a specific indicator in the first signal, and may not be included in the second signal if not indicated.

[0330] In the examples described above, the device group ID may be a device group ID that is preset / defined and stored in the device, or may be a specific device group ID assigned to the device by the leader before transmitting the first signal (e.g., a wake-up signal or paging).

[0331] For example, a specific device group may be a group of device(s) that have / support a specific capability, or a group of device(s) that correspond to a specific device type. Different device group IDs may be mapped / assigned to different device groups.

[0332] For example, a specific device group may be a group of devices having specific device IDs. For example, if the device ID value is X, the devices corresponding to X mod N = k can be set / defined as the kth device group. N can correspond to the number of device groups.

[0333] In the various examples described above, the first signal may include information for applying a response distribution scheme (e.g., a collision avoidance sequence described in the collision avoidance scheme described above), or information for applying a response distribution scheme may be transmitted subsequent to the first signal.

[0334] In the various examples described above, an indicator may be additionally included in the first signal to indicate whether device identification information (e.g., device ID, device group ID, random number, etc.) is included / added to the second signal. If the indicator indicates that device identification information is not included in the second signal, the second signal in the examples described above may be replaced with one that does not include device identification information.

[0335] Example 6-2

[0336] Through the first signal, device(s) not identified by the leader can be set / instructed to respond.

[0337] Example 6-2-1

[0338] The first signal can call any unidentified device (e.g., request it to respond), causing all (unidentified) devices around the leader to respond.

[0339] For example, the first signal may include a wake-up signal (e.g., 010101) and a request indicator (e.g., 111011, corresponding to that a response from any unidentified device having a random number is requested). Alternatively, the first signal may include a wake-up signal (e.g., 010101) and a request indicator (e.g., 111001, corresponding to that a response from any unidentified device having a fixed number is requested). In this case, the second signal may include a random number or a fixed number (e.g., 101010). For example, a device in an unidentified state may be identified for a predetermined time period by generating and transmitting a random number. For example, a device in an unidentified state may also be indicated as an unidentified device by transmitting a fixed number of preset / defined values.

[0340] Example 6-2-2

[0341] A first signal can be used to call (e.g., request) a specific group of unidentified devices to respond, causing all devices around the leader or only a specific group of devices to respond.

[0342] As an example of this, the first signal may include a wake-up signal (e.g., 010101), a request indicator (e.g., 111010, corresponding to a request for a response from a device belonging to an unidentified device group having the requested device group identifier), and the requested device group ID. In this case, the second signal may include the requested device group ID or a random number. For example, the device may transmit the second signal including its device group ID if its pre-assigned or pre-set device group ID stored in its storage matches the requested device group ID included in the first signal.

[0343] As another example, the first signal may include a wake-up signal (e.g., 010101), a request indicator (e.g., 111000, corresponding to a request for a response from a device belonging to an unidentified device group without a requested device group identifier). In this case, the second signal may include the requested device group ID or a random number. If the device has a device group ID that is pre-assigned or preset and stored in the storage of the device, the device may transmit the second signal including the device group ID.

[0344] Example 6-2-3

[0345] The first signal may call (e.g., request a response) to any device (e.g., including unidentified and identified devices, or without distinguishing between identified / unidentified states), so that all devices around the leader may respond.

[0346] For example, the first signal may include a wake-up signal (e.g., 010101), a request indicator (e.g., 111111 corresponding to a request for a response from an identified and unidentified device / device group). In this case, the second signal may include a device ID or a random number. If the terminal is an identified device (e.g., has a device ID that is pre-assigned or preset and stored in the storage of the device), the second signal including the device ID may be transmitted. If the terminal is an unidentified device (e.g., does not have a device ID that is pre-assigned or preset and stored in the storage of the device), a random number may be generated and included in the second signal and transmitted.

[0347] Example 6-2-4

[0348] A first signal may call (e.g., request a response) to a specific device group (e.g., identified and unidentified devices of a specific device group), so that all devices or only devices belonging to a specific device group may respond.

[0349] For example, the first signal may include a wake-up signal (e.g., 010101), a request indicator (e.g., 111101 corresponding to a request for a response from an identified or unidentified device / device group having a device group ID), and the requested device group ID. In this case, the second signal may include the device ID or a random number. If the terminal belonging to the requested device group ID is an identified device (e.g., has a device ID that is pre-assigned or preset and stored in the storage of the corresponding device), the second signal including the device ID may be transmitted. If the terminal belonging to the requested device group ID is an unidentified device (e.g., does not have a device ID that is pre-assigned or preset and stored in the storage of the corresponding device), a random number may be generated and included in the second signal and transmitted. For example, a device may transmit a second signal including its device ID or a random number if its pre-assigned or preset device group ID stored in its storage matches the requested device group ID included in the first signal.

[0350] In the various examples described above, the second signal may include additional information. For example, the second signal may additionally include unique identification information of the device, a specific code, access information, or specific information stored in the device's storage. For example, such additional information may be included in the second signal if indicated by a specific indicator in the first signal, and may not be included in the second signal if not indicated.

[0351] In the examples described above, the leader may start or restart an inactivity timer each time it transmits the first signal or receives the second signal. If the inactivity timer expires, the leader may determine that the device has lost connection with the device (or is no longer in the proximity of the leader).

[0352] In the examples described above, the device group ID may be a device group ID that is preset / defined and stored in the device, or may be a specific device group ID assigned to the device by the leader before transmitting the first signal (e.g., a wake-up signal or paging).

[0353] For example, a specific device group may be a group of device(s) that have / support a specific capability, or a group of device(s) that correspond to a specific device type. Different device group IDs may be mapped / assigned to different device groups.

[0354] For example, a specific device group may be a group of devices having specific device IDs. For example, if the device ID value is X, the devices corresponding to X mod N = k can be set / defined as the kth device group. N can correspond to the number of device groups.

[0355] For example, a core network node such as a gNB or AMF may set up a group of specific devices and assign a device group ID to a specific device.

[0356] In the various examples described above, the first signal may additionally indicate information about the resource (e.g., frequency resource) on which the second signal is to be transmitted. For example, if the first signal indicates a specific channel or frequency resource, a device receiving it may transmit a second signal (e.g., a response signal to the first signal) on the indicated channel or frequency resource.

[0357] In the various examples described above, the first signal may additionally indicate a backoff time for the second signal. A device receiving this may transmit the second signal after the backoff time.

[0358] In the various examples described above, the first signal may additionally indicate N and k_T values ​​(related to device group ID calculation). A device receiving this may transmit the second signal only if the k value calculated by applying the X mod N operation to its own device ID (e.g., X) matches the indicated k_T value. If the calculated k value does not match the indicated k_T value, the device may not transmit the second signal.

[0359] In the various examples described above, the first signal may additionally indicate probability information for the second signal. For example, if the probability information is a specific value (e.g., 0.3), the device may transmit the second signal only if the random number generated between 0 and 1 is less than or equal to the specific value, and may not transmit the second signal if the probability exceeds the specific value.

[0360] Example 6-3

[0361] This embodiment relates to a method for assigning or reallocating identification information of a device.

[0362] Example 6-3-1

[0363] A device can assign a device ID, and a reader can check the availability of the assigned device ID.

[0364] For example, a leader (e.g., a gNB or IN) requests UE ID allocation by transmitting a first signal (e.g., an R2T signal or an R2D signal) to a device. The device receiving the first signal can generate a random number to allocate a device ID, and transmit the device ID to the leader via a second signal (e.g., a T2R signal or a D2R signal).

[0365] If another device has previously assigned the same device ID, the reader may send a first signal to the device to request the device ID to be assigned again, or may send a first signal to the device indicating that the reader rejects the device ID assignment by the device. The device receiving the first signal may assign a new device ID and transmit the newly assigned device ID to the reader via a second signal.

[0366] Alternatively, if another device has previously assigned the same device ID, the reader may assign a new device ID and transmit it to the device. In this case, the device may discard the previously assigned device ID (i.e., the ID overlaps with another device's ID) and store and apply the device ID received from the reader as the new device ID.

[0367] If there is no problem with the device ID assigned by the device, the reader can send a first signal to the device confirming the device ID assignment.

[0368] When the device receives a first signal from the reader confirming the device ID assignment, or when the device does not receive a first signal from the reader re-requesting the device ID assignment or rejecting the device ID assignment, the device may communicate with the reader using the most recently assigned device ID as its device ID.

[0369] Example 6-3-2

[0370] The device ID can be assigned or reassigned by an intermediate node (IN).

[0371] The leader IN can determine that a specific device is nearby, and depending on the configuration of the gNB, the IN can either assign a device ID to the specific device itself or request the gNB to assign a device ID to the specific device.

[0372] To this end, if a device supports the IN function, the gNB can configure the device to operate as an IN. In this case, it can be configured whether the IN itself assigns a device ID to a specific device, requests the gNB to assign a device ID to a specific device, or allows the device itself to assign a device ID.

[0373] If the IN is configured to assign a device ID to a specific device, the gNB may preemptively transmit multiple candidate device IDs to the IN. The IN may select one of the candidate device IDs and assign it as the device ID of the specific device.

[0374] If all candidate device IDs have been assigned to devices as device IDs, or if no candidate device IDs have been received, the IN may request additional candidate device IDs from the gNB after receiving the initial second signal from the device. Upon receiving new candidate device IDs, the IN assigns a device ID to the device from among them.

[0375] If all candidate device IDs have been assigned to the devices as device IDs, or if no candidate device IDs are received, the IN may request the gNB to assign an individual device ID to the device after receiving an initial second signal from the device, or may request the device to perform device ID assignment on its own by sending a first signal to the device.

[0376] When a method for requesting the gNB to allocate a device ID for a specific device is configured, the IN may, after receiving an initial second signal from the specific device, transmit to the gNB an uplink control information (UCI) or a medium access control-control element (MAC-CE) or an RRC message requesting a device ID for the device. In response, when the gNB allocates a device ID for the device with downlink control information (DCI) or a MAC CE or an RRC message, the IN may transmit a first signal for conveying the allocated device ID to the device.

[0377] When a method for assigning a device ID by the device itself is set, as in Example 6-3-1, IN can request device ID assignment by sending a first signal to the device. In this case, in assigning the device ID, IN and the device can each perform the operations of the reader and device of Example 6-3-1.

[0378] General devices to which the present disclosure may be applied

[0379] FIG. 14 illustrates a block diagram of a wireless communication device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0380] Referring to FIG. 14, the first device (100) and the second device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR).

[0381] A first device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memories (104) and / or the transceivers (106), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure.

[0382] For example, the processor (102) may process information in the memory (104) to generate first information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information / signal through the transceiver (106). In addition, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal including second information / signal through the transceiver (106) and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104).

[0383] The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (106) may be used interchangeably with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0384] The second device (200) includes one or more processors (202), one or more memories (204), and may further include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memories (204) and / or the transceivers (206), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate third information / signals, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information / signals via the transceivers (206). In addition, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including fourth information / signals via the transceivers (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information / signals in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. Here, the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present disclosure, a device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0385] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. One or more processors (102, 202) can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed in the present disclosure, and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure.

[0386] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure may be implemented using firmware or software configured to perform one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and driven by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0387] One or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be configured as ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and / or externally to the one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, the one or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to the one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0388] One or more transceivers (106, 206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or flowcharts of the present disclosure, to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts of the present disclosure, from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) can be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be coupled to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, or the like, as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure, via one or more antennas (108, 208). In the present disclosure, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed by one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or filter.

[0389] The embodiments described above are combinations of components and features of the present disclosure in a predetermined form. Each component or feature should be considered optional unless explicitly stated otherwise. Each component or feature may be implemented without being combined with other components or features. Furthermore, it is also possible to form embodiments of the present disclosure by combining some components and / or features. The order of operations described in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be changed. Some components or features of one embodiment may be included in another embodiment or may be replaced with corresponding components or features of another embodiment. It is self-evident that claims that do not have an explicit citation relationship in the patent claims may be combined to form embodiments or incorporated as new claims through post-application amendments.

[0390] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the essential characteristics thereof. Therefore, the above detailed description should not be construed as limiting in any respect, but rather as illustrative. The scope of the present disclosure should be determined by a reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all modifications within the scope of equivalents of the present disclosure are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0391] The scope of the present disclosure includes software or machine-executable instructions (e.g., an operating system, an application, firmware, a program, etc.) that cause operations according to the methods of various embodiments to be executed on a device or a computer, and a non-transitory computer-readable medium having such software or instructions stored thereon and executable on the device or computer. Instructions that can be used to program a processing system to perform the features described in the present disclosure can be stored on / in a storage medium or a computer-readable storage medium, and a computer program product including such a storage medium can be used to implement the features described in the present disclosure. The storage medium can include, but is not limited to, high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM, or other random access solid state memory devices, and can include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices. The memory optionally includes one or more storage devices remotely located from the processor(s). The memory or, alternatively, the non-volatile memory device(s) within the memory comprise a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The features described in this disclosure may be incorporated into software and / or firmware stored on any of the machine-readable media, which may control the hardware of the processing system and allow the processing system to interact with other mechanisms that utilize results according to embodiments of the present disclosure. Such software or firmware may include, but is not limited to, application code, device drivers, operating systems, and execution environments / containers.

[0392] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the device (100, 200) of the present disclosure may include not only LTE, NR, and 6G, but also Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. At this time, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology, and may be implemented with standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the device (100, 200) of the present disclosure may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. At this time, for example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology, and may be called by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology can be implemented by at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the device (100, 200) of the present disclosure can include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) considering low-power communication, and is not limited to the above-described names. For example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PAN) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called by various names.

[0393] The method proposed in this disclosure is explained with a focus on examples applied to 3GPP LTE / LTE-A and 5G systems, but can be applied to various wireless communication systems in addition to 3GPP LTE / LTE-A and 5G systems.

Claims

1. A step of transmitting one or more first signals including response type information to one or more devices by a reader; and comprising a step of receiving, by the reader, from the one or more devices one or more second signals based on the response type information; A method wherein the above response type information includes information requesting a response from at least one of an identified device and a non-identified device.

2. In paragraph 1, The above response type information includes information requesting a response from the identified device and not requesting a response from the unidentified device, A method wherein said one or more second signals are transmitted from one or more first devices corresponding to said identified device among said one or more devices.

3. In paragraph 1, The above response type information includes information that requests a response from the unidentified device without requesting a response from the identified device, A method wherein said one or more second signals are transmitted from one or more second devices corresponding to said unidentified device among said one or more devices.

4. In paragraph 1, The above response type information includes information requesting a response from the identified device and the unidentified device, A method wherein said one or more second signals are transmitted from each of said one or more devices.

5. In paragraph 1, A method wherein said one or more devices belong to a specific device group.

6. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the first signal comprises one or more specific device identification information.

7. In paragraph 6, A method wherein said one or more second signals are transmitted by one or more devices that correspond to or do not correspond to the identification information of said one or more specific devices.

8. In paragraph 1, A method wherein said one or more second signals include identification information of said one or more devices.

9. In paragraph 1, The above response type information corresponds to a bit sequence, method.

10. In paragraph 1, The above identified device corresponds to a device having a specific device ID, a specific random number, or a specific device group ID, The above unidentified device is a method corresponding to a device that does not have a device ID, a random number, or a device group ID.

11. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the second signal is transmitted from the device based on backscattering of a carrier wave (CW).

12. In paragraph 1, The above first signal is an R2D (reader-to-device) signal, A method wherein the second signal is a D2R (device-to-reader) signal.

13. One or more transceivers; and comprising one or more processors connected to said one or more transceivers, One or more of the above processors: Transmitting one or more first signals including response type information from a reader to one or more devices via the one or more transceivers; and Based on the above response type information, one or more second signals are set to be received from the one or more devices through the one or more transceivers, The above response type information includes information requesting a response from one or more of an identified device or a non-identified device.

14. A step of receiving a first signal including response type information from a reader by a device; A step of transmitting the second signal to the leader by the device based on a request for a response from the device in the response type information, A method wherein the above response type information includes information requesting a response from at least one of an identified device and a non-identified device.

15. One or more transmitters and receivers; and comprising one or more processors connected to said one or more transceivers, One or more of the above processors: Receiving a first signal including response type information from a reader through one or more transceivers in the device; and Based on the request for a response from the device in the above response type information, the second signal is set to be transmitted to the leader, A device wherein the above response type information includes information requesting a response from one or more of an identified device or a non-identified device.

16. One or more processors; and A processing device comprising one or more computer memories operatively connected to said one or more processors and storing instructions for performing a method according to any one of claims 1 to 12 based on execution by said one or more processors.

17. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing one or more instructions that are executed by one or more processors to control the performance of a method according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

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