Power control in wireless communication network

Abstract

The disclosure pertains to a method of operating a wireless device in a wireless commu- nication network, wireless device being configured with a first power control loop, the 2585 wireless device further being configured with a second power control loop, the method comprising performing power control for the first power control loop and the second power control loop based on a received control information message The disclosure also pertains to related devices and methods.

Description

[0001]Power control in wireless communication networkTechnical fieldThis disclosure pertains to wireless communication, in particular to power control.BackgroundFor modern wireless communication systems, complex setups with multiple transmissionand / or reception points from the network side may be considered. One concern is such 5environment is related to power control, in particular how to control the transmissionpower of a wireless device or UE.SummaryIt is an object of this disclosure to provide approaches for improved control, in particularin the context of NR. The approaches described may be utilised for one or more different 10frequencies ranges. For example, they may be implemented for frequency ranges (e.g.,carrier bandwidth and / or system bandwidth) for communication signalling of 1 GHz ormore, 2GHz or more, 5 GHz or more, or 6 GHz or more, or 10 GHz or more, and / or formillimeter wave communication, in particular for radio carrier frequencies around and / orabove 52.6 GHz, which may be considered high radio frequencies (high frequency) and / or 15millimetre waves. The carrier frequency / ies may be between 52.6 and 140 GHz, e.g. witha lower border between 52.6, 55, 60, 71 GHz and / or a higher border between 71, 72, 90,114, 140 GHz or higher, in particular between 55 and 90 GHz, or between 60 and 72GHz; however, higher frequencies may be considered, in particular frequency of 71GHzor 72GHz or above, and / or 100 GHz or above, and / or 140 GHz or above. The carrier 20frequency may in particular refer to a center frequency or maximum frequency of thecarrier. The radio nodes and / or network described herein may operate in wide-band, e.g.with a carrier bandwidth (or bandwidth or carrier aggregation) of 400MHz or more, inparticular 1 GHz or more, or 2 GHz or more, or even larger, e.g. 6 GHz or more, or8 GHz or more; the scheduled or allocated bandwidth may be the carrier bandwidth, 25or be smaller, e.g. depending on channel and / or procedure. In some cases, operationmay be based on an OFDM wave-form or a SC-FDM wave-form (e.g., downlink and / oruplink), in particular a FDF-SC-FDM-based wave-form. However, operation based on asingle carrier wave-form, e.g. SC-FDE (which may be pulse-shaped or Frequency DomainFiltered, e.g. based on modulation scheme and / or MCS), may be considered for downlink 30and / or uplink. In general, different wave-forms may be used for different communicationdirections. Communicating using or utilising a carrier and / or beam may correspond tooperating using or utilising the carrier and / or beam, and / or may comprise transmittingon the carrier and / or beam and / or receiving on the carrier and / or beam. Operation maybe based on and / or associated to a numerology, which may indicate a subcarrier spacing 35P110626WO01 1 / 78and / or duration of an allocation unit and / or an equivalent thereof, e.g., in comparisonto an OFDM based system. A subcarrier spacing or equivalent frequency interval mayfor example correspond to 960 kHz, or 1920 kHz, e.g. representing the bandwidth of asubcarrier or equivalent.The approaches are particularly advantageously implemented in a future 6th Generation 40(6G) telecommunication network or 6G radio access technology or network (RAT / RAN),in particular according to 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project, a standardisationorganization). A suitable RAN may in particular be a RAN according to NR, for examplerelease 18 or later, or LTE Evolution. However, the approaches may also be used withother RAT, for example future 5.5G systems or IEEE based systems. Wireless device and 45network node may be considered examples of a radio node.There is disclosed a method of operating a wireless device in a wireless communicationnetwork. The wireless device is configured with a first power control loop. The wirelessdevice further is configured with a second power control loop. The method comprisesperforming power control for the first power control loop and the second power control 50loop based on a received control information message.Moreover, a wireless device for a wireless communication network is proposed. The wire-less device is adapted for being configured with a first power control loop. The wirelessdevice further is adapted for being configured with a second power control loop. Thewireless device os adapted for performing power control for the first power control loop 55and the second power control loop based on a received control information message.A method of operating a network node in a wireless communication network is also dis-cussed. The method comprises transmitting, to a wireless device, a control informationmessage, the control information message indicating first power control information for afirst power control loop the wireless device is configured with. The control information 60message also indicates second power control information for a second power control loopthe wireless device is configured with.Furthermore, there is considered a network node for wireless communication network.The network node is adapted for transmitting, to a wireless device, a control informationmessage, the control information message indicating first power control information for a 65first power control loop the wireless device is adapted to be configured with, the controlinformation message also indicating second power control information for a second powercontrol loop the wireless device is adapted to be configured with.Performing power control may pertain to setting the transmission power for transmissionsP110626WO01 2 / 78associated to a power control loop, e.g., increasing or decreasing (or maintaining) the 70power, e.g., according to power control information like a power control command and / orTPC in the control information message. The same message may comprise power controlinformation, e.g., commands and / or TPC for the first and second power control loop / s.A power control loop may be configured with a configuration, e.g., via higher layer sig-nalling, e.g., RRC signalling and / or MAC layer signalling. A configuration of a power 75control loop may indicate a channel and / or type of signalling (e.g., RS like SRS) and / orreference power, and / or TCP step size and / or open or closed operation, and / or cumu-lative or absolute power control, and / or intended target and / or beam and / or beam pairand / or carrier and / or cell and / or communication direction. Configurations for differentloops may differ in at least one parameter, in particular regarding target and / or beam 80and / or beam pair and / or carrier and / or cell. The power control loop and / or power con-trol may pertain to transmission by the wireless device, e.g., in uplink or sidelink. Theconfiguration may comprise, and / or be associated to a configuration indicating resource / sand / or resource set / s (e.g., time and / or frequency and / or code resources) for transmissionof signalling subject to power control according to the power control loop. 85In general, the first power control loop may pertain to transmission of first referencesignalling and / or may pertain to an independent power control loop and / or a closedpower control loop.It may be considered that the second power control loop pertains to transmission of secondreference signalling and / or pertains to an independent power control loop and / or a closed 90power control loop.In general, an independent power control loop may in particular be independent of anotherpower control loop, and / or of a channel or RS, e.g., independent of transmission onsuch a channel or signalling, e.g., on PUSCH and / or PUCCH and / or PSSCH and / orPSCCH, and / or independent of power control information provided for such another loop. 95Independent herein may refer to power control information being applied to power controlindependent of power control information pertaining to another loop and / or the channel orRS; such power control information may be applied to the channel or RS without beingapplied to, and / or while being omitted and / or ignored, for power control of the firstand / or second power control loop, and / or associated signalling. An independent power 100control loop may pertain to transmission of RS signalling in a slot and / or allocationunit without (e.g., UL) data transmission, and / or without uplink control informationtransmission (e.g., on PUCCH), and / or aperiodic SRS transmission, e.g., triggered and / orrequested by the control information message.P110626WO01 3 / 78The first power control loop may pertain to a different beam and / or beam pair than 105the second power control loop. Which beam or beam pair a loop may pertain to, maybe indicated in the respective configuration, and / or referred to with a correspondingindex. The beam or beam pair may be adapted or switched, e.g., based on movement ofthe wireless device and / or of one or more TRPs. Thus, different beaming scenarios, inparticular for the uplink and / or sidelink, may be utilised. 110The first power control loop and / or the second power control loop may be configured tothe wireless device by a network node, e.g., with higher layer signalling. The first andsecond power control loops may be associated to the (and / or to transmission on) sameor different carrier / s, and / or cells, and / or TDD schemes, and / or beams or beam pairs.The first power control loop and second power control loop (and / or transmission and / or 115signalling they pertain to) may be considered non-co-located, and / or have different TCI.Thus, different scenarios may be managed.It may be considered that the first power control loop pertains to signalling aimed at adifferent target than the second power control loop. A target may be represented by abeam or beam direction, and / or beam pair or beam pair direction. A target may refer to 120a TRP. The types of the target may be the same, or different. A type may for example bethe type of node or TRP. In particular, one target (e.g., of the first power control loop)may be a DL enabled node or TRP (e.g., adapted for UL and DL operation, e.g. in TDD),and / or one target (e.g., of the second power control loop) may be an UL-only node orTRP. Thus, inclusion and managing of UL-only node with low signalling overhead and / or 125in a well-defined framework may be facilitated.In general, the wireless device may be configured with more than two power control loops,each of which may pertain to reference signalling, e.g., SRS, and / or (different) transmis-sion or signalling by the wireless device, and / or different target / s and / or resources and / orbeams and / or beam pairs and / or may be independent, e.g., of a data channel like PUSCH 130and / or control channel like PUCCH, and / or other (e.g., reference signalling) power controlloops. Thus, complex signalling scenarios may be supported.A target or channel or transmission or signalling a power control loop pertains to maybe the target of the transmission the power control pertains to, or the transmission orsignalling with transmission power controlled by the power control loop, respectively. 135The wireless device may be configured with a power control state pertaining to the firstpower control loop and the second power control loop, e.g. with higher layer signallingand / or RRC signalling and / or MAC layer signalling. The power control state may beindicated and / or configured with one or more IEs, e.g., as discussed herein. The stateP110626WO01 4 / 78may be specific to two or more (independent) power control loops, e.g., for independent 140reference signalling, e.g. SRS signalling. This may allow configuration with low signallingoverhead and / or with limited changes to available IEs.The first power control loop may pertain to transmission of first SRS, and the second powercontrol loop may pertain to transmission of second SRS. In general, the transmission powerof the transmission may be based on, and / or controlled by the associated power control 145loop, and / or associated power control information in a control information message. Thus,flexible / independent SRS signalling may be power controlled with low signalling overhead.The control information message may be a message on a physical control channel. Thismay allow dynamic and fast power control, with low signalling overhead.The control information message may be scrambled with an identifier, e.g., a RNTI. The 150RNTI may be configured to the wireless device, e.g., by the network node, and / or withhigher layer signalling, in particular RRC signalling, and / or as part of a configurationof the first and / or second power control loop. The RNTI may be UE-specific, and / orspecific to the first and / or second (and / or one or more additional) power control loops,e.g. utilised for a control information message comprising first power control information 155and second power control information (and potentially third and more power controlinformation). The power control information may pertain to the specific power controlloops described herein, in particular pertaining to (independent) loop and / or referencesignalling. This may allow flexible use of control information messages, in particular (re-)use of available formats of DCI. 160The control information message may be a Downlink Control Information, DCI, message,in particular representing a DCI format 2 2 or 2 3 message. The message may have a sizeadapted to include the power control information (e.g., 1 or 2bits per power control loopit pertains to); the same or different step sizes may be configured for different loops. Thestep size may indicated how much (e.g., in dB) a power control command / TPC shifts the 165transmission power. A group DCI format may be reused for an individual UE and / or tobe UE-specific based on a specific RNTI used to scramble the CRC of the DCI.In general, the control information message may be a dedicated control information mes-sage, e.g., UE-specific and / or configuration-specific. In some cases, it may be group-specific; message with a group format may however, be scrambled with a dedicated RNTI 170to make it UE-specific. In general, the format and / or one or more characteristics of thecontrol information message to be used may be configured or configurable to the wirelessdevice, the network node may be adapted to, and / or perform such configuration. Theconfiguration may indicate format and / or size of the message and / or bit fields, and / orP110626WO01 5 / 78arrangement and / or location and / or number and / or availability of bit field / s. A bit field 175may indicate a power command, in particular a TPC. This facilitates great flexibility,while requiring a low level of changes on established protocols and procedures.A radio node, e.g. a transmitting or signalling radio node, and / or a receiving or feedbackradio node, may operate in TDD mode, e.g. switching between DL periods and ULperiods. A DL period may be a period in which the radio node operates using DL 180transmissions, an UL period may be a period in which the radio node operates using ULtransmissions (e.g., a network node may transmit during DL, and receive during UL, andvice versa for a wireless device). It may be considered that there is a TDD guard periodbetween DL and UL periods and / or between UL and DL periods, which may comprise anumber of symbol time intervals, e.g. 10 or more symbols, or 12 or more symbols; there 185may be the same duration for guard periods for DL / UL and UL / DL, or different ones.The guard period may allow switching circuitry between the different communicationdirections and / or handling of interference (in particular considering that DL signallingtends to much more powerful than (received) UL signalling). An antenna arrangementmay comprise one or more antenna elements and / or sub-arrays and / or panels; different 190antenna arrangements may comprise different antenna elements and / or sub-arrays and / orpanels. Different antenna arrangements and / or panels and / or sub-arrays and / or elementsmay be adapted to be controlled or controllable separately from each other. There maybe the same number of DL and UL periods and / or the same duration associated to DLand UL (at least over a certain time interval, e.g. alternating such that one DL period is 195followed by one UL period, or vice versa, or different numbers or durations, e.g. (roughly)3:1 (e.g., 3 DL periods followed by a TDD guard period and 1 UL period), or (roughly)2:1, or even (roughly) 1:2 or 1:NU with NU 3 or larger, for UL heavy scenarios. ULperiod durations may be the same as DL period durations, or different. The distributionand / or duration of DL and UL periods may be referred to as TDD pattern; the TDD 200pattern may be dynamically controllable (e.g., with DCI signalling), and / or configuredor configurable, e.g. with higher layer signalling like RRC signalling or RLC signalling,and / or may be semi-statically configurable or configured. The TDD pattern may describethe smallest time domain distribution of DL period / s and / or UL period / s and / or TDDguard period / s repeated over time, e.g. in one or more frames and / or subframes and / or 205slots and / or a time duration covering multiple repetitions of the TDD pattern.It may be considered that the radio node is adapted for utilising a number NP of an-tenna sub-arrays and / or panels, wherein NP may be an integer number of 4 or larger. Anantenna sub-array may comprise a plurality of antenna elements, e.g. 4 or more, or 10or more, or 50 or more, or 100 or more. An antenna sub-array, and / or the antenna ele- 210ments associated thereto and / or comprised therein, may be associated and / or connectedP110626WO01 6 / 78or connectable to one and / or the same antenna circuitry, and / or be jointly controllablefor analog and / or digital beam-forming, and / or be operable for joint transmission orreception. A panel may comprise a support structure, e.g. plastics and / or metallic ma-terial and / or wood, supporting one or more antenna sub-arrays, which additionally may 215support additional circuitry like antenna circuitry and / or interface circuitry. Each an-tenna sub-array may be associated for one communication direction (e.g., reception ortransmission) and / or one functionality, e.g. communication. It may be considered thatantenna elements of an antenna sub-array share the same polarisation, e.g. horizontalor vertical. In some cases, NP may be an even number, wherein it may be considered 220that NP / 2 antenna sub-arrays (and / or their antenna elements) may be associated to afirst polarisation (e.g., horizontal or vertical or left-circular or right-circular, or any othersuitable polarisation) and the other NP / 2 antenna sub-arrays are associated to a secondpolarisation, which may be orthogonal to the first polarisation. For example, the firstpolarisation may be horizontal with the second polarisation being vertical, or the first 225polarisation may be left-circular and the second polarisation may be right-circular. Thisallows multiple beams to be operated, with good flexibility and / or large signalling capac-ity. In general, an antenna arrangement associated to a radio node may comprise one ormore antenna sub-arrays, in particular an even number of antenna sub-arrays. In general,at different times, different antenna sub-arrays and / or panels may be used for different 230functions, e.g. transmission or reception, and / or communication. The polarisation of anantenna element may be associated to a specific operation direction, e.g. for transmissionor reception. Depending on signalling direction (transmission or reception), polarisationmay be different. For example, an antenna sub-array may be associated to a first polari-sation for transmission, and a second polarisation for reception, or vice versa. This may 235be achieved, for example, by providing crossed linear antenna elements for the sub-arrays,with associated connections / circuitry according to polarisation.A transmitter may generally represent a device adapted for transmission, but it also maybe adapted for reception, and / or represent a TRP or radio node or antenna arrangement.In some cases, a transmitter or TRP may be controlled by a radio node, e.g. a network 240node or transmitting radio node; such a node may control one or more transmitters, e.g.a first transmitter and second transmitter.It may be considered that operating utilising signalling like communication signalling,and / or communicating utilising signalling like communication signalling, may comprisetransmitting the signalling, e.g. communication signalling, and / or receiving the signalling, 245e.g. communication signalling. It may be considered that signalling like communicationsignalling is based on an OFDM wave-form, e.g. OFDM, or DFT-s-OFDM, or pulse-shaped DFT-s-OFDM. Such a wave-form is particularly suitable for wireless communica-P110626WO01 7 / 78tion at high frequencies and / or with high communication loads. A cyclic appendix maygenerally be a cyclic prefix, or a cyclic suffix. The appendix may represent a repetition 250of a part of signalling carried by a symbol at its start (suffix) or end (prefix), which maybe appended at the opposite of the symbol (end or start); e.g. a cyclic prefix may beconsidered a repetition of the signalling at the end of the symbol it pertains to. Thecommunication signalling may be based on a waveform with cyclic appendix. A cyclicappendix may be associated to a specific symbol, it may have a duration shorter than the 255symbol duration, e.g. 1 / 4 or less than 1 / 4 of the symbol duration, or 1 / 6 or less than1 / 6.A radio node, like a transmitting radio node or receiving radio node, may be a wirelessdevice or user equipment or terminal. Alternatively, it may be a network node or sig-nalling radio node. A radio node adapted for wireless communication may be a radio 260node adapted for transmitting and / or receiving communication signalling. Communica-tion signalling may be. and / or comprise, data signalling and / or control signalling and / orreference signalling, e.g. according to a wireless communication standard like a 3GPPstandard or IEEE standard (e.g., of WIFI or WLAN). Operating utilising communicationsignalling may comprise transmitting and / or receiving communication signalling. The 265radio circuitry and / or processing circuitry and / or antenna circuitry of a radio node maybe adapted for handling communication signalling The radio node may be adapted forfull-duplex operation, and / or half-duplex operation. Full duplex may refer to transmit-ting and receiving at the same time, e.g. using the same or different circuitries, and / orusing different antenna sub-arrays or separately operable antenna sub-arrays or antenna 270elements. The communication signalling may be beam-formed.A DFT-s-OFDM based wave-form may be a wave-form constructed by performing a DFT-spreading operation on modulation symbols mapped to a frequency interval (e.g., sub-carriers), e.g. to provide a time-variable signal. A DFT-s-OFDM based wave-form mayalso be referred to a SC-FDM wave-form. It may be considered to provide good PAPR 275characteristics, allowing optimised operation of power amplifiers, in particular for highfrequencies. In general, the approaches described herein may also be applicable to Single-Carrier based wave-forms, e.g. FDE-based wave-forms. Communication, e.g. on datachannel / s and / or control channel / s, may be based on, and / o utilise, a DFT-s-OFDMbased wave-form, or a Single-Carrier based wave-form. 280Communication may in particular on multiple communication links and / or beams and / orwith multiple targets (e.g., TRPs or other forms of transmission sources also receiving)and / or multiple layers at the same time; different reference signallings for multiple trans-mission or reception may be based on different sequence roots and / or combs and / or cyclicP110626WO01 8 / 78shifts. Thus, high throughput may be achieved, with low interference. In general, different 285reference signallings (e.g., of the same type) may be associated to different transmissionsources and / or beams and / or layers, in particular if transmitted simultaneously and / oroverlapping in time (e.g., considering different timing advance values if transmitted inuplink). For example, there may be first reference signalling transmitted using a firsttransmission source and / or first beam and / or first layer, and second reference signalling 290transmitted using a first transmission source and / or first beam and / or first layer.Paging may in general represent a procedure in which a wireless device known to, and / orregistered with, a network is in a quiet modus, e.g., with RRC connection and / or in idlemode, but data for the wireless device is available (e.g., due to an incoming call). Thenetwork then may send a paging message, which may indicate to the wireless device that it 295should connect to the network, e.g. go into RRC connection and / or to perform a randomaccess procedure. Paging messages may be sent a specific paging occasions; the occasionsmay be configured to wireless devices, such that for example not all wireless devices haveto monitor all paging occasions.There is also described a program product comprising instructions causing processing 300circuitry to control and / or perform a method as described herein. Moreover, a carriermedium arrangement carrying and / or storing a program product as described herein isconsidered. An information system comprising, and / or connected or connectable, to aradio node is also disclosed.Brief description of the drawings 305The drawings are provided to illustrate concepts and approaches described herein, andare not intended to limit their scope. The drawings comprise:Figure 1, showing an exemplary scheduling scenario;Figure 2, showing an exemplary Information Element;Figure 3, showing an exemplary signalling scenario; 310Figure 4, showing an exemplary flowchart of a method of operating a wireless device;Figure 5, showing an exemplary Information Element;Figure 6, showing another exemplary Information Element; Figure 7, showing another exemplary Information Element; Figure 8, showing another exemplary Information Element; 315 P110626WO01 9 / 78Figure 9 , showing an exemplary receiving radio node or wireless device; andFigure 10, showing an exemplary transmitting radio node or network node.Detailed descriptionIn the following, reference is made to NR; however, approaches described herein should beconsidered generalised and be applicable to other RAT unless specifically stated otherwise. 320A gNB may be seen as an example of a more generalised network node; a UE as anexample of a more generalise wireless device; SRS as an example of more generalisedreference signalling.Data scheduling in NR is typically in slot basis, an example is shown in Figure 1 witha 14-symbol slot, where the first two symbols contain physical downlink control channel 325(PDCCH) and the rest contains physical shared data channel (referred to as PDCH),which may be for example PDSCH (physical downlink shared channel) or PUSCH (phys-ical uplink shared channel) .Downlink transmissions (e.g., on PDSCH) may, for example, be dynamically scheduled ina slot-by-slot basis. The scheduling information such as resource allocation and modula- 330tion order may be contained in downlink control information (DCI) carried by PDCCH.DL user data (or higher-layer control information) may be carried in PDSCH.Uplink data transmission may also be dynamically scheduled using a DCI carried inPDCCH. A UE may first decode uplink grants in DCI, and then transmit data in PUSCHbased on the scheduling information in the uplink grant. 335In addition to dynamic scheduling of PUSCH, semi-persistent transmission of periodicPUSCH using configured grants (CG) is also supported in NR. In CG type 1, the period-icity as well as a slot offset are configured by RRC. In CG type 2, the PUSCH transmissioncan be activated or deactivated dynamically by DCI.For channel estimation purpose, channel state information reference signals, CSI-RS, in 340the DL and sounding reference signals (SRS) in the UL are also supported.In NR, SRS may be used for providing CSI (Channel State Information, in this casedetermined by measurements performed on the SRS) to the gNB or network node inthe UL. The usage of SRS includes, e.g., deriving the appropriate transmission / receptionbeams and / or to perform link adaptation (i.e., setting the transmission rank and the 345MCS), and for selecting DL (e.g., for PDSCH transmissions) and UL (e.g., for PUSCHtransmissions) MIMO precoding.P110626WO01 10 / 78SRS may be configured via RRC, where parts of the configuration may be updated (forreduced latency) through MAC-CE signalling. The configuration may include, for exam-ple, the SRS resource allocation (the physical mapping and the sequence to use) as well 350as the time-domain behavior (aperiodic, semi-persistent, or periodic). For aperiodic SRStransmission, the RRC configuration does not activate an SRS transmission from the UE,but instead a dynamic activation trigger may be transmitted from the gNB in the DL,via the DCI in the PDCCH, which may instruct the UE to transmit the SRS once, at apredetermined time. When configuring SRS transmissions, the network node or gNB may 355configure, through the SRS-Config IE, a set of SRS resources and a set of SRS resourcesets, where each SRS resource set contains one or more SRS resources.Uplink power control may be considered, in particular in the context of NR. A networknode or gNB may comprise, and / or be connected to, and / or consist of a single transmis-sion and reception point (TRP) or multiple TRPs or one or more reception points (e.g., 360UL-only node). In case of multiple TRPs, a UE may be scheduled with DL transmis-sions from one or more of the TRPs, and UL data transmission to one or more of theTRPs, either one TRP at a time or simultaneously. Different beams and / or beam pairsmay be configured for the UE for such communication; wherein each beam or beam pairmay be associated to, and / or be used for, communication with one TP or TRP or RP 365(Transmission Point, Transmission and / or Reception Point, Reception Point).UL power control in NR may comprise two parts, e.g., open-loop power control and closed-loop power control. Open-loop power control is used to set the UL transmit power basedon a few factors such as pathloss estimation between the UE and a TRP in a servingcell, the target receive power, channel / signal bandwidth, modulation and coding scheme 370(MCS), fractional power control factor, etc. Open-loop power control may be withoutfeedback providing deviations from current power levels.Closed-loop power control may be based on UL power adjustments signaled in powercontrol commands received from the gNB (feedback, providing information regarding de-viation from current power level). The power control commands are typically determined 375based on the difference between the actual UL received power and a desired received powerat the gNB. Up to two closed power control loops can be configured in NR for each ULchannel or signal. Either cumulative or non-cumulative closed-loop power adjustmentsare supported in NR. A closed-loop adjustment at a given time is also referred as a powercontrol adjustment state. The power control can be such that a UE operates at a power 380level, and receives power control commands (e.g., TPC; Transmit Power Command). Thewireless device / UE may operate, e.g., for a loop and / or channel) at a reference power.For cumulative control, it may follow a series of received commands, wherein from eachP110626WO01 11 / 78current power level, it may deviate based on the most recently received command (usuallyindicate a reduction or increase by a step-size, and / or staying at the current level; the 385step-size may be predefined and / or configured or configurable). Thus, from a startingreference power, the power level may follow cumulatively the received commands. Foran absolute control, each command may be applied to a reference power level (whichmay be constant over a time interval with multiple commands being received), such thateach command will modify the power level with direct reference to the reference power. 390The reference power in general may be configured and / or configurable, and / or be basedon a pathloss measurement, e.g., performed by the wireless device / UE (e.g., on pilotsignalling with known transmission power, e.g., synchronisation signalling and / or otherreference signalling transmitted by a network node). The reference power may correspondto an open-loop power value; the power command may be considered a closed-loop power 395adjustment.A DL reference signal (RS) may be transmitted from each TRP, which can be used bya UE to estimate the pathloss between the UE and the TRP. Each DL RS may have anassociated index for identifying it. For UL transmission, power control can be performedseparately for each TRP. For an UL channel or signal (e.g., PUSCH, PUCCH, or SRS) to 400be transmitted in UL associated with a pathloss RS with index k, its transmit power ina transmission occasion within a slot in a bandwidth part (BWP) of a carrier frequencyof a serving cell and a closed-loop index l (l=0,1) can be expressed as^ where PCMAX,f,c(i) is a UE’s maximum output power for the carrier frequency, f, of theserving cell, c, in transmission occasion i for the UL channel or signal. Popen−loop(i, k) is 405the open-loop transmit power and Pclosed−loop(i, l) is the closed-loop power adjustment.Popen−loop(i, k) is given by:Popen−loop(i, k) = PO + PRB(i) + αPL(k) + ∆(i) (2)where PO is the nominal target receive power for the UL channel or signal, which maycomprise a cell-specific part PO,cell and a UE-specific part PO,UE. Also, PRB(i) is a poweradjustment related to the bandwidth or number of RBs occupied by the channel or signal 410at transmission occasion i, PL(k) is a pathloss (PL) estimation based on a DL-RS withindex k, α (0 ≤ α ≤ 1) is a fractional pathloss compensation factor, and ∆(i) is a poweroffset determined by modulation and code rate of the UL channel or signal. Pclosed−loop(i,l) is given by:^ δ(m, l); if cumulation is enabled(3) δ(i, l); if cumulation is disabled (and / or absolute is enabled)P110626WO01 12 / 78where δ(i, l) is a power adjustment value indicated in a transmit power control (TPC) 415command in a DCI associated with the UL channel or signal at transmission occasioni and configured with closed-loop index l; δ(m, l) is a sum of power adjustmentvalues indicated by the TPC commands.Note that power control parameters are generally config-ured or configurable separately for each UL channel or signal (e.g., PUSCH, PUCCH, and 420SRS) and may be different for different UL channels or signals.In NR, two Closed-Loop power control adjustment states are supported for PUCCH,both are independent from the Closed-Loops of PUSCH and SRS. The TPC commandsare indicated in the DCI format scheduling a PDSCH transmission (i.e., DCI format1 0 / 1 1 / 1 2). 425For PUSCH, two Closed-Loop power control states are supported (independent of PUCCH)and controlled by the DCI format scheduling a PUSCH transmission (i.e., DCI format0 0 / 0 1 / 0 2). Besides the DL / UL scheduling DCIs which are UE specific, DCI format 2 2can be used for transmission of group common TPC commands for PUCCH and PUSCH,if the RRC parameters two PUCCH-PC-AdjustmentStates (see PUSCH-PowerControl 430IE) or twoPUSCH-PC-AdjustmentStates(see PUSCH-PowerControl IE) is configured.Each SRS resource set can be configured to either follow one of the two Closed-Loop powercontrol states for PUSCH, or a separate Closed-Loop power control state for only SRS.As described in TS 38.213, if the RRC parameter srs-PowerControlAdjustmentStates (inSRS-Config information element) is not configured or indicates sameAsFci2, the SRS 435closed-loop power control state should follow either the first or the second closed-looppower control states of PUSCH, respectively. Otherwise, a separate SRS closed-looppower control state is configured when srs-PowerControlAdjustmentStates indicates sep-arateClosedLoop. Figure 2 shows an exemplary corresponding SRS config informationelement. 440The separate Closed-Loop control state may be conveyed in DCI format 2 3.UL-only nodes are discussed as an example of a TRP or RP. It is expected that the demandon capacity and user throughput will increase in the future. It is also expected that ULwill become a limiting factor, partly due to the natural imbalance of spectral efficiencybetween UL and DL (which comes from for instance different number of antennas, different 445transmit power levels, etc.) but also partly due to an increase of UL-heavy services likegaming, V2V communication, etc. Particularly, 6G is expected to rely a lot on AI whichimplies high load on UL.P110626WO01 13 / 78A potential remedy to this is to densify the networks more in the UL than in the DL. Thismay be done by, for instance, providing radio nodes that only receive in the UL (they do 450hence not perform any DL transmissions). Such a TRP or radio node may be referred to asan “UL-only node / TRP”. By using such UL-only nodes, one could consequently enhancethe UL without enhancing the DL. While there is obviously no direct improvement indownlink performance, as compared to normal DL+UL nodes, benefits of UL-only nodesinclude lower complexity, lower weight, lower cost, smaller volumes, ease of deployment 455and avoiding the need for permits to deploy radio transmitters.Enhancement for asymmetric DL sTRP / UL mTRP deployment scenarios may be consid-ered, in particular assuming intra-band intra-DU non-co-located mTRP scenarios, and / orwithout changing existing cell definition or defining a new cell (e.g. UL-only cell), and / orassuming a Rel-17 / 18 unified TCI framework and fully reusing the legacy QCL / UL spa- 460tial relation rules, targeting FR1 and FR2. Two closed-loop PC adjustment states forSRS, both separate from PUSCH may be considered; and pathloss offset configurationsfor pathloss calculation to UL TRP(s), when the pathloss RS is from DL sTRP may beconsidered.The terms UL-only node, UL-only TRP, UL-only RP may be considered exchangeable for 465the context of this disclosure. In existing NR multi-TRP operation, it may be assumedthat each node can be used for both DL transmission and UL reception. For NR Rel-19,the idea of deploying UL-only nodes in a cell has been proposed. UL-only nodes may beuseful in particular in one or more of the following scenarios: UL-only nodes deployed atthe cell edge to provide better UL coverage for cell edge UEs; UL-only node deployed in a 470TDD band where there is dominant UL allocation; UL-only node deployed in a band thatcan only be used for UL transmission due to regulatory issues; UL-only node deployedfor network energy saving.An UL-only node receives only and does not transmit any DL signals. However, one issuewith enabling UL-only node providing Closed-Loop UL power control for UL transmissions 475to those nodes. Currently, NR only supports maximum 3 Closed-Loop power controlstates for PUSCH and SRS. How to indicate TPC command for the new second Closed-Loop power control state for SRS transmissions is facilitated by the approaches describedherein.According to approaches described herein, dynamic indication of more than one Transmit 480Power Command (TPC) for separate (not tied to PUSCH) Closed-Loop SRS power controlstates using group common TPC transmission DCI dedicated to SRS may be considered.There may be considered a method of operating a network node comprising, and / or aP110626WO01 14 / 78method of, signalling a first and a second TPCs in a DCI for SRS power control whentwo separate / independent SRS power control loops, a first and a second SRS power con- 485trol loops, are configured for a UE. A method, e.g., a method for operating a wirelessdevice, may comprise receiving a configuration of a first identifier indicating that first andsecond TPCs are carried in a DCI with CRC scrambled by the said identifier; this maybe configured to the wireless device, e.g., a network node and / or base station, and / or aDL-transmission enabled network node. Alternatively, or additionally, the method may 490comprise receiving a configuration of a second identifier indicating the starting location ofthe first and second TPCs in the DCI, and / or receiving the first and second TPCs in theDCI according to the locations of the TPCs in the DCI. Alternatively, or additionally, themethod may comprise applying a first power adjustment to a first SRS transmission asso-ciated to the first SRS power control loop according to the first TPC, and a second power 495adjustment to a second SRS transmission associated to the second SRS power controlloop according to the second TPC. The method may comprise receiving a configurationof one or more additional uplink carriers (or serving cells), wherein each of the one ormore additional uplink carriers (or serving cells) may be configured with a first and / or asecond SRS power control loop / s. The DCI may further comprise a first and / or a second 500TPCs, e.g., for each of the one or more additional uplink carriers. It may be consideredthat the method further may comprise applying, for each of the one or more additionaluplink carriers (or serving cells), a first power adjustment to a first SRS transmission as-sociated to the first SRS power control loop according to the respective first TPC and / ora second power adjustment to a second SRS transmission associated to the second SRS 505power control loop according to the respective second TPCEfficient TPC signalling per SRS power control loop may be facilitatedm where more thanone separate (not tied to PUSCH) Closed-Loops may be configured to SRS transmissionto one or multiple TRPs. Approaches may be applicable to different downlink controlinformation (DCI) formats, e.g., may be applied to the DCI format 2 2. In this way, 510one single DCI (i.e., DCI format 2 2 may be used to indicate closed-loop power controlstates for PUCCH, PUSCH, SRS, which is cost-efficient. Proposed approaches may beapplied to DCI format 2 3. Here, one single DCI (i.e., DCI format 2 3) may be used toindicate two separate (not tied to PDSCH close-loop power control states) SRS closed-loop power control states, which may be compatible to the legacy group common TPC 515provision for SRS. Approaches may be applied to the DCI format scheduling a PDSCH(e.g. DCI format 1 0 / 1 1 / 1 2), or the DCI format scheduling a PUSCH (e.g., DCI format0 0 / 0 1 / 0 2). In this way, indication of two separate SRS closed-loop power control statesusing UE dedicated DCIs may be considered.Although it is often referred to SRS, approaches may be applied to other reference sig- 520P110626WO01 15 / 78nalling, in particular uplink and / or sidelink RS, e.g., NR / 6G UL RSs. In addition, theapproaches may be extended to cases with more than 2 separate / independent closed-looppower control states being configured to UE for UL RS transmission towards more than2 TRPs.One use case for introducing two independent or separate (e.g., different from PUSCH) 525closed-loops for SRS power control may refer to supporting a serving cell with two TRPs,one with both DL and UL connections, while the other has only an UL connection.A general diagram of such a serving cell is shown in Figure 3, where an anchor TRP(TRP0) provides a full coverage of a serving cell with both DL and UL transmissions andan UL-only TRP (TRP1) is deployed at the cell edge to improve UL performance of cell 530edge UEs. TRP0 and TRP1 are connected to a gNB via an ideal backhaul link. A UE inthe cell may perform initial access and network connection via TRP0. After initial accessand / or network connection, if the UE is closer to TRP1 than to TRP0, the gNB maydirect the UE to transmit towards the TRP1. Alternatively, for UEs close to TRP1, allUL transmissions including during initial access may be via TRP1. It may be useful to 535configure the UE with separate SRS resource sets and / or SRS resources (e.g., SRS0 andSRS1) targeting TRP0 and TRP1, respectively, with separate SRS power control loops.For example, in Figure 3, SRS0 and SRS1 are associated to two separate SRS closed-looppower control states: SRS0: SRSClosedLoopIdx = 0; SRS1: SRSClosedLoopIdx = 1.Generally speaking, power control for SRS transmission may be important to ensure 540accurate UL channel estimation. Approaches disclosed herein facilitate optimised powercontrol for system with multiple TRPs, in particular at least one UL-only TRP. In general,a network node may transmit to a wireless device, and / or configure a wireless device orUE, utilising any TRP that is downlink transmission enabled; a UL-only node may be notdownlink transmission enabled, e.g., purely adapted for receiving radio signalling (there 545may be other communication interface / s, e.g., for communicating with the network).In existing 5G NR, which closed-loop to use for a SRS resource set is configured by ahigher layer parameter “srs-PowerControlAdjustmentStates”. In the following, an “SRSclosed-loop” may also be referred to as a SRS power control adjustment state, or simplya power control state. 550Figure 4 illustrates a flowchart of an exemplary methods for power control. Note thatnot all steps or actions in the flowchart may be needed ,and that steps or actions mightbe performed in different orders than shown in the figure.In action or step 1, a UE may be configured with two separate SRS closed-loop powerP110626WO01 16 / 78control states (which may be considered first and second power control loops, and / or first 555and second closed power control loops and / or first and second closed-loop power controlstates); both are not tied to any of the PUSCH closed-loop power control states. Priorto Action or Step 1, the UE may indicate, e.g., during UE capability signalling, supportof “two separate / independent SRS closed-loop power control states” and / or “enhancedDCI format indicating two TPCs for SRS”. The UE may be adapted to transmit such 560signalling. A first identifier and / or indication may be provided and / or configured to theUE (by the network node, e.g.), and / or be received (from the network), and / or the UEmay be adapted accordingly.The first identifier or indication may represent and / or indicate or may be a Radio NetworkTemporary Identifier (RNTI); which may be used to scramble the CRC bits of a DCI 565format (e.g., DCI used for transmitting TPC commands). The first identifier or indicationmay be an TPC-SRS-RNTI, which may be used to scramble the CRC bits of the DCIformat 2 3, e.g., a legacy UE common DCI providing the TPCs for SRS. The first identifieror indication may be a new TPC-SRS-RNTI (e.g., TPC-SRS-RNTI2), which may be usedto scramble the CRC bits of DCI format 2 2, e.g., a legacy UE common DCI providing the 570TPCs for PUCCH and / or PUSCH. When the new TPC-SRS-RNTI is used to scramblethe CRC bits of DCI format 2 2, the UL DCI with DCI format 2 2 indicates two TPCs forSRS. In one embodiment, the first identifier is another new TPC-SRS-RNTI (e.g., TPC-SRS-RNTI3) which is used to scramble the CRC bits of one of the DL scheduling DCIs,or one of the UL scheduling DCIs. When the another new TPC-SRS-RNTI is used to 575scramble the CRC bits of one of DL scheduling DCIs, the one of the DL scheduling DCIsindicates two TPCs for SRS in additional to scheduling PDSCH. When another new TPC-SRS-RNTI is used to scramble the CRC bits of one of UL scheduling DCIs, the one of theUL scheduling DCIs indicates two TPCs for SRS in additional to scheduling PUSCH. Howto interpret a received DCI may be dependent on the RNTI used to decode / descramble it 580- if it is one of the above RNTIs, TPC bits may be mapped to the first and second powercontrol loops (SRS closed-loop power control states); otherwise, they may be utilisedand / or applied and / or mapped to legacy loops / behaviour.In an action or step 2, the UE may receive a configuration of a second identifier orindication, which may indicating the starting location of the first TPC (TPC1) for the 5851st closed-loop SRS power control state and the second TPC (TPC2) for the 2nd closed-loop SRS power control state, and / or indicate the format of the DCI. The two TPCsmay be concatenated one after the other. Each TPC may in general comprise 1 or morebits, e.g., 2 bits, or 3 bits, or 4 bits. It may be considered that the UE may receive aconfiguration of one or more additional uplink carriers (or serving cells), wherein each of 590the one or more additional uplink carriers may be configured with a first and / or a secondP110626WO01 17 / 78separate closed-loop SRS power control states.In an action or step 3, the UE may receive the first TPC (TPC1) for the 1st closed-loop SRS power control state, and the second TPC (TPC2) for the 2nd closed-loop SRSpower control state, e.g., according to the first identifier or indication from action or 595step 1 and / or the second identifier or indication from action or step 2. The DCI formatproviding SRS TPC commands may comprise a first and / or second TPC for each of theone or more additional uplink carriers (or serving cells).In action or step 4, the UE may applies the received TPC1 to the 1st closed-loop SRSpower control state, and TPC2 to the 2nd closed-loop SRS power control state, respec- 600tively. Thus independent power control is possible. Different TPC1 and TPC2 may beapplied to different cells and / or serving cells and / or UL carriers. For each of the oneor more additional uplink carriers (or serving cells), the UE may apply a first poweradjustment to a first SRS transmission associated to the first SRS power control stateaccording to the respective first TPC, and / or a second power adjustment to a second SRS 605transmission associated to the second SRS power control state according to the respectivesecond TPC.More details related to the configuration and signalling are proposed. The second identifieror indication may contain at least the information of the locations for the first TPC(TPC1) and the second TPC (TPC2). Depending on the DCI format, the locations of 610the TPC commands (e.g., the location information) may be different for different DCI.In general, it may be considered that each of the two power control loops or closed loopsor states may be associated to a different SRS resource, and / or SRS resource set. TheSRS resources or resource sets may be periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic. Each ofthe SRS resources or SRS resource sets may be configured with a set of power control 615parameters, e.g., including a closed-loop index and / or power control state.A new higher layer (e.g., RRC) parameter may be introduced in one or more of thefollowing IEs (e.g., based on IEs of 3GPP TS38.331): SRS-Config IE; TCI-UL-State IE;SRS-TPC-CommandConfig IE; SRS-CarrierSwitching information element, or anotherIE: 620The new parameter may indicate whether the UE should apply a first or a second sepa-rate / independent SRS closed-loop for a corresponding SRS resource set.The network (network node) may determine and / or signal to the UE a power adjust-ment for each of the two SRS power control loops, e.g., via two transmit power controlcommands (TPCs), one for each loop, respectively. 625P110626WO01 18 / 78The RRC may introduce a new state ‘separateClosedLoop2’ in srs-PowerControlAdjustmentStatesin SRS-Config IE as shown in Figure 5.The RRC may introduce a new parameter indicating the number of SRS power con-trol adjustment states associated to DCI format 2 2. In one example, the parameter(e.g., fourSRS-PC-AdjustmentStates) may be motivated by the four states: sameAsFci1, 630sameAsFci2, separateClosedLoop and separateClosedLoop2, respectively. Alternatively,the new parameter may be called ‘twoSRS-PC-AdjustmentState’, motivated by the twostates separateClosedLoop and separateClosedLoop2, respectively. Figure 6 shows a cor-responding exemplary IE.DCI format 2 2 (see, e.g., 3GPP TS 38.212) may be adapted as follows: It may be con- 635sidered that a UE may be configured with two separate / independent SRS power controlloops, and / or configuring the UE configured with a SRS power control RNTI (e.g., firstidentifier), e.g.,’ TPC-SRS-RNTI2’, for identifying a DCI format 2 2 carrying TPCs forSRS, and / or a higher layer parameter tpc-SRS (e.g., second identifier) for identifying thelocation of the SRS TPC commands in the DCI for the UE. SRS TPC signalling may be 640supported specifically, and / or only, when two separate / independent SRS power controlloops are configured, and / or depending on corresponding capability indication receivedby the network from the UE. The legacy DCI format 2 3 may be used if only one separateSRS power control loop is configured. In one alternative, when ’ TPC-SRS-RNTI2’ isconfigured to a UE, the enhanced DCI format 2 2 may be used for signalling SRS TPCs, 645e.g., when either one or two separate / independent SRS power control loops are configured,which is shown exemplarily.Below is an example of the specification modification regarding the DCI format 2 2 basedon the proposed solution.Format 2 2: DCI format 2 2 is used for the transmission of TPC commands for PUCCH 650and, PUSCH, and SRS. The following information is transmitted by means of the DCIformat 2 2 with CRC scrambled by TPC-PUSCH-RNTI or TPC-PUCCH-RNTI or TPC-SRS-RNTI2: •block number 1, block number 2,... , block number N.The parameter tpc-PUSCH or tpc-PUCCH or tpc-SRS provided by higher layers 655determines the index to the block number for an UL of a cell, with the followingfields defined for each block:• Closed loop indicator - 0 or 1 bit.• For DCI format 2 2 with TPC-PUSCH-RNTI, 0 bit if the UE is not configured withP110626WO01 19 / 78high layer parameter twoPUSCH-PC-AdjustmentStates, in which case UE assumes 660each block in the DCI format 2 2 is of 2 bits; 1 bit otherwise, in which case UEassumes each block in the DCI format 2 2 is of 3 bits;• For DCI format 2 2 with TPC-PUCCH-RNTI, 0 bit if the UE is not configured withhigh layer parameter twoPUCCH-PC-AdjustmentStates, in which case UE assumeseach block in the DCI format 2 2 is of 2 bits; 1 bit otherwise, in which case UE 665assumes each block in the DCI format 2 2 is of 3 bits;• For DCI format 2 2 with TPC-SRS-RNTI2, 0 bit if the UE is not configured withhigh layer parameter fourSRS-PC-AdjustmentStates, in which case UE assumeseach block in the DCI format 2 2 is of 2 bits; 1 bit otherwise, in which case UEassumes each block in the DCI format 2 2 is of 3 bits; 670• TPC command -2 bitsThe number of information bits in format 2 2 shall be equal to or less than the payload sizeof format 1 0 monitored in common search space in the same serving cell. If the numberof information bits in format 2 2 is less than the payload size of format 1 0 monitoredin common search space in the same serving cell, zeros shall be appended to format 2 2 675until the payload size equals that of format 1 0 monitored in common search space in thesame serving cell.A new type of “srs-TPC-PDCCH-Group=TypeC (or TypeX)” may be introduced in SRS-CarrierSwitching IE (see Figure 7) for an UL on which SRS power control is not tied withPUSCH power control, and UE is configured to decode multiple blocks with DCI format 6802 3, where each block can provide two TPC commands for a single uplink carrier (e.g.,one TPC is configured to SRS towards the anchor node and the other TPC is configuredto SRS towards an UL-only node, respectively).In some cases, when Type C (or Type X) is configured, UE does not expect to be config-ured with parameter “SRS-CC-SetIndex”. It may be considered that the parameter range 685of the RRC parameter “fieldTypeFormat2-3” (see SRS-TPC-CommandConfig IE) may beextended to 3 options to include the new configuration type C, as shown exemplarily inFigure 8.The RRC may introduce a new parameter secondTPCFieldDCI-2-3 (in e.g., SRS-TPC-CommandConfig, or SRS-Config etc) to indicate two TPC fields associated to the 2 sep- 690arate SRS closed-loop PC states.The RRC may introduce a new state separateClosedLoop2 in srs-PowerControlAdjustmentStatesP110626WO01 20 / 78in SRS-Config IE. The new state separateClosedLoop2 may always be associated to thenew parameter secondTPCFieldDCI-2-3.An example on the enhancement of DCI format 2 3 (see 3GPP TS 38.212) is proposed, 695where a UE may be configured with two separate / independent SRS closed-loop power con-trol state. The UE may be configured with the higher layer parameter fieldTypeFormat2-3for identifying the number of SRS closed-loop power control states and / or the locationfor the SRS TPC command(s).The DCI format 2 3 may indicate to the UE two TPCs for the two separate SRS closed- 700loop power control states, e.g., if the UE is configured with “fieldTypeFormat2 3=2”.Otherwise, the DCI format 2 3 may indicate one TPC for one separate SRS closed-loop power control states to the UE if the legacy types (fieldTypeFormat2 3 = 0 or 1)is configured. It may be considered that “fieldTypeFormat2 3=2” may be configured,and / or each block in DCI format 2 3 may contain two TPC commands, where the first 705TPC command may always be associated to the “srs-PowerControlAdjustmentState =separateClosedloop”, and the second TPC command may always be associated to “srs-PowerControlAdjustmentState = separateClosedloop2”. A closed-loop state indicatormay be included in the TPC command. For instance, if the “closed-loop state indicator= 0”, the TPC command may be indicated to the first closed-loop state, whilst if the 710“closed-loop state indicator = 1”, the TPC command may be indicated to the secondclosed-loop state.An example of a corresponding specification modification regarding the DCI format 2 3is provided:Format 2 3: DCI format 2 3 is used for the transmission of a group of TPC commands 715for SRS transmissions by one or more UEs. Along with a TPC command, a SRS requestmay also be transmitted. The following information is transmitted by means of the DCIformat 2 3 with CRC scrambled by TPC-SRS-RNTI:• block number 1, block number 2, ... , block numberwhere the starting position of a block is determined by the parameter 720startingBitOfFormat2-3 or startingBitOfFormat2-3SUL-v1530 provided by higherlayers for the UE configured with the block. If the UE is configured with higherlayer parameter srs-TPC-PDCCH-Group = typeA for an UL without PUCCH andPUSCH or an UL on which the SRS power control is not tied with PUSCH powercontrol, one block is configured for the UE by higher layers, with the following fields 725defined for the block:P110626WO01 21 / 78• SRS request - 0 or 2 bits. The presence of this field is according to the definition inClause 11.4 of [5, TS38.213]. If present, this field is interpreted as defined by Table7.3.1.1.2-24. •TPC command number 1, TPC command number 2, ..., TPC command number N, 730where each TPC command applies to a respective UL carrier provided by higherlayer parameter cc-IndexInOneCC-SetIf the UE is configured with higher layer parameter srs-TPC-PDCCH-Group =typeB for an UL without PUCCH and PUSCH or an UL on which the SRS powercontrol is not tied with PUSCH power control, one block or more blocks is configured 735for the UE by higher layers where each block applies to an UL carrier, with thefollowing fields defined for each block:• SRS request - 0 or 2 bits. The presence of this field is according to the definition inClause 11.4 of [5, TS38.213]. If present, this field is interpreted as defined by Table7.3.1.1.2-24. 740• TPC command -2 bitsIf the UE is configured with higher layer parameter srs-TPC-PDCCH-Group =typeC for an UL without PUCCH and PUSCH or an UL on which the SRS powercontrol is not tied with PUSCH power control, one block or more blocks is configuredfor the UE by higher layers where each block applies to an UL carrier, with the 745following fields defined for each block:• SRS request - 0 or 2 bits. The presence of this field is according to the definition inClause 11.4 of [5, TS38.213]. If present, this field is interpreted as defined by Table7.3.1.1.2-24. •TPC command -2 bits 750• Second TPC command -2 bitsThe number of information bits in format 2 3 shall be equal to or less than thepayload size of format 1 0 monitored in common search space in the same servingcell. If the number of information bits in format 2 3 is less than the payload sizeof format 1 0 monitored in common search space in the same serving cell, zeros 755shall be appended to format 2 3 until the payload size equals that of format 1 0monitored in common search space in the same serving cell.A TPC command field is discussed. The DCI provision of closed-loop power controlcommand, and / or the DCI, may comprise one or more of SRS request (e.g., triggeringP110626WO01 22 / 78a SRS transmission by the UE); and / or TPC command / s, and / or Closed-Loop state 760Index / ID (one or more thereof, e.g., indexing which of the closed-loop state is addressed.The closed-loop state Index may refer to a specific configured power loop, e.g., a firstpower loop, or a second power loop; in some cases, it may refer to both (e.g., for multipleconfigured (additional) uplink cells.TPC command values are discussed. The network may indicate in DCI a relative output 765power indication, or an absolute output power (e.g., for cumulative, or non-cumulativeoperation). Different codepoints of a bit field in DCI may be used to indicate either arelative or absolute power adjustment value. For instance, in relative power adjustment,the relative power may be added to the current / last value of the indicated SRS powercontrol-loop state (cumulative operation). 770Size of DCI format 2 2 consideration may be relevant. The number of information bitsfor DCI format 2 2 may be considered equal to, or less than payload size of DCI format1 0. For extending the function of DCI format, 2 2 to support SRS close loop powercontrol, e.g., for UL-only, and / or for adiditonal UL links, the number of information bitsmay be increased. According to one approach, it may be considered aligning the number 775of bits of DCI format 2 2 with one or more other DCI formats than format 1 0 (e.g.,larger formats). In some variants, the number of information bits in format 2 2 may orshall be equal to or less than the payload size of one or more configured DCI formats,e.g., if the size of the DCI format is larger than DCI format 1 0 in the same serving cell,e.g., for the activated BWPs. Which format to use may be pre-defined. or configured or 780configurable by higher layer signalling. e.g., to determine the size of DCI format 2 2. ARRC configuration may also provide information related to the length of the DCI format2 2. For example, the length of the legacy DCI format 2 2 may be restricted to the lengthof DCI format 1 0. For a DCI, like the Rel-19 DCI, format 2 2, a flag may be introducedin the RRC configuration to indicate if the legacy length restriction applies to this DCI 785format 2 2, or not.Size of DCI 2 3 consideration may be relevant. The number of information bits for DCImay be considered equal to or less than payload size of DCI 1 0. For extending thefunction of DCI 2 3 to support SRS close loop power control for UL-only, and / or foradditional UL links, the number of information bits may be increased. According to 790one approach, there may be considered aligning the number of bits of DCI 2 3 with oneor more (e.g., larger) other DCI formats than format 1 0. For example, the number ofinformation bits in format 2 3 may or shall be equal to or less than the payload size ofone or more configured DCI formats, e.g., if the size of the DCI format is larger than DCI1 0 in the same serving cell, e.g., for the activated BWPs. Which format to use can be 795P110626WO01 23 / 78pre-defined or configured or configurable by higher layer signalling to determine the sizeof DCI 2 3. The RRC configuration may also provide information related to the lengthof the DCI 2 3. For example, the length of the legacy DCI 2 3 may be restricted to thelength of DCI 1 0. For a DCI, like Rel 18 DCI, format 2 3, a flag may be introduced inthe RRC configuration to indicate if the legacy length restriction applies to this DCI 2 3, 800or not.Usage and time domain property of SRS for UL-only TRP power control may be consid-ered. It may be considered that only aperiodic SRS with usage “antennaSwitching” or“beamManagement” may be configured with the second separate closed-loop SRS powercontrol state. This may provide flexibility for such a case. 805In general, a method of operating a network node may comprise, and / or a network nodemay be adapted to, performing measurements on reference signalling transmitted by thewireless device, e.g., according to power control performed based on the control informa-tion message. The method of operating a network node may comprise, and / or a networknode may be adapted to, perform link adaptation and / or power control and / or MIMO 810encoding and / or beam control based on such measurements.Figure 9 schematically shows a radio node, in particular a wireless device or terminal 10or a UE (User Equipment). Radio node 10 comprises processing circuitry (which may alsobe referred to as control circuitry) 20, which may comprise a controller connected to amemory. Any module of the radio node 10, e.g. a communicating module or determining 815module, may be implemented in and / or executable by, the processing circuitry 20, inparticular as module in the controller. Radio node 10 also comprises radio circuitry22 providing receiving and transmitting or transceiving functionality (e.g., one or moretransmitters and / or receivers and / or transceivers), the radio circuitry 22 being connectedor connectable to the processing circuitry. An antenna circuitry 24 of the radio node 10 820is connected or connectable to the radio circuitry 22 to collect or send and / or amplifysignals. Radio circuitry 22 and the processing circuitry 20 controlling it are configuredfor cellular communication with a network, e.g. a RAN as described herein, and / or forsidelink communication (which may be within coverage of the cellular network, or outof coverage; and / or may be considered non-cellular communication and / or be associated 825to a non-cellular wireless communication network). Radio node 10 may generally beadapted to carry out any of the methods of operating a radio node like terminal or UEdisclosed herein; in particular, it may comprise corresponding circuitry, e.g. processingcircuitry, and / or modules, e.g. software modules. It may be considered that the radionode 10 comprises, and / or is connected or connectable, to a power supply. A DFE may be 830considered part of radio circuitry; an analog frontend may be associated to radio circuitryP110626WO01 24 / 78and / or antenna circuitry.Figure 10 schematically shows a radio node 100, which may in particular be implementedas a network node 100, for example an eNB or gNB or similar for NR. Radio node 100comprises processing circuitry (which may also be referred to as control circuitry) 120, 835which may comprise a controller connected to a memory. Any module, e.g. transmittingmodule and / or receiving module and / or configuring module of the node 100 may be im-plemented in and / or executable by the processing circuitry 120. The processing circuitry120 is connected to control radio circuitry 122 of the node 100, which provides receiver andtransmitter and / or transceiver functionality (e.g., comprising one or more transmitters 840and / or receivers and / or transceivers). An antenna circuitry 124 may be connected or con-nectable to radio circuitry 122 for signal reception or transmittance and / or amplification.Node 100 may be adapted to carry out any of the methods for operating a radio nodeor network node disclosed herein; in particular, it may comprise corresponding circuitry,e.g. processing circuitry, and / or modules. The antenna circuitry 124 may be connected 845to and / or comprise an antenna array. The node 100, respectively its circuitry, may beadapted to perform any of the methods of operating a network node or a radio node asdescribed herein; in particular, it may comprise corresponding circuitry, e.g. processingcircuitry, and / or modules. The radio node 100 may generally comprise communicationcircuitry, e.g. for communication with another network node, like a radio node, and / or 850with a core network and / or an internet or local net, in particular with an information sys-tem, which may provide information and / or data to be transmitted to a user equipment.A DFE may be considered part of radio circuitry; an analog frontend may be associatedto radio circuitry and / or antenna circuitry.In general, the wireless device and / or network node may operate in, and / or the commu- 855nication signalling may be in TDD operation. It should be noted that the transmissionof signalling from transmission sources may be synchronised and simultaneous; a shift intime may occur due to different propagation times, e.g. due to different beams and / orsource locations.A data block may refer to a transport block, or a code block or a code block bundle. A 860code block may comprise and / or represent a number of (information) bits representinginformation (e.g., data or control information), to which there may be associated, and / orwhich may further include, bits for error detection coding, e.g. CRC. The bits for errordetection coding may be determined based on the (information) bits, and / or may be errordetection bits for the (information) bits. A code block bundle may comprise one or more 865code blocks; wherein each code block may have associated to it, and / or comprise, errorcorrection bits. The error correction bits in a code block bundle may each pertain to anP110626WO01 25 / 78associated code block; error correction bits may be specific to only one code block, e.g.determined based on bits of only one code block. Different bits and / or groups of bitsmay be associated to different code blocks. Error correction bit / s associated to a code 870block may be associated to a single code block; this may refer to the error correction bitsindicating correctness / incorrectness of the single code block, and / or calculated and / ordetermined based only on (information) bits of the single code block. Information bitsmay represent data and / or control information, e.g. associated to a data channel (data in-formation / bits) and / or control channel (control information / bits) code block bundle may 875be a data block without error correction coding pertaining to more than one code block.A transport block may comprise error detection coding pertaining to a plurality of codeblocks, e.g. covering the code blocks it consists of. A transport block may comprise oneor more code blocks. It may be considered that a data block may be associated to, andor subject to, and / or correspond to, a, one and / or a single acknowledgement process, e.g. 880a specific HARQ process, which may correspond to and / or be represented by a HARQidentifier. A code block may correspond to a subpattern of an acknowledgement informa-tion bit pattern. In some cases, a data block may correspond and / or pertain and / or besubject to a plurality of acknowledgement processes, e.g. if there is one acknowledgementprocess per code block of the data block. 885A data block may comprise and / or represent information bits, which may be data bits(e.,g., user data) and / or control information bits; the information bits may be associatedto one or more data or control channels, e.g. transport channels and / or logical channels,and / or may be mapped to a specific and / or single physical channel, in particular a physicaldata channel, or in some cases, a physical control channel (in which case it may or may 890not be associated to a higher layer channel like a transport channel or logical channel). Adata block may represent bits intended for transmission, e.g. encapsulating one or morehigher layer data packets, e.g. one or more MAC layer data packets, e.g. one or morePDUs (Protocol Data Unit) and / or SDUs (Service Data Unit); error correction bits, e.g.CRC; may be added in physical layer processing. It may be considered that bits of a 895data block are subject to physical layer processing like coding (e.g., forward error codingand / or adding error correction coding) and / or rate matching and / or scrambling, and / ormodulation. Modulation may correspond to mapping of bits of the processed data blockto modulation symbols, e.g. according to a modulation scheme and / or to a modulationspace. The modulation symbols may be represented as a bit sequence until they are 900subject to analog conversion (or vice versa for reception).A wireless device may in general comprise processing circuitry and / or radio circuitry, inparticular a receiver and / or transceiver and / or transmitter, for performing measurementand / or to control beam switch and / or control beam-forming and / or receive and / or trans-P110626WO01 26 / 78mit signalling like communication signalling. The wireless device may in particular be 905implemented as terminal or a user equipment. However, in some cases, e.g. relay and / orback-link and / or IAB scenarios, it may be implemented as network node or network radionode. A network node may in general comprise processing circuitry and / or radio circuitry,in particular a receiver and / or transceiver and / or transmitter, for transmitting referencesignalling and / or a beam switch indication and / or for beam switching and / or to control 910beam switch and / or control beam-forming and / or receive and / or transmit signalling likecommunication signalling. The radio node may in particular be implemented as a networknode, e.g. a network radio node and / or base station or a relay node or IAB node. How-ever, in some cases, e.g. sidelink scenarios, the second radio node may be implementedas a wireless device or terminal, e.g. a user equipment. 915Performing a measurement may in general comprise taking a plurality of measurementsamples. As such, performing a measurement and performing measurements may beconsidered equivalent, unless explicitly explained otherwise (e.g., when referring to mea-surement at a specific occasion as opposed to measurements at a plurality of occasions).Monitoring for a message or signalling may in general comprise utilising receiving circuitry 920at resources corresponding to the resource monitored (e.g., time and / or frequency domain,accomodating for path delay effects if applicable) to determine presence or absence of themessage, and / or to receive and / or demodulate and / or decode the message, and / or toperform measurements on the signalling.In general, an allocation unit or block symbol may represent and / or correspond to an ex- 925tension in time domain, e.g. a time interval. An allocation unit or block symbol duration(the length of the time interval) may correspond to the duration of an OFDM symbol ora corresponding duration, and / or may be based and / or defined by a subcarrier spacingused (e.g., based on the numerology) or equivalent, and / or may correspond to the dura-tion of a modulation symbol (e.g., for OFDM or similar frequency domain multiplexed 930types of signalling). It may be considered that a block symbol comprises a plurality ofmodulation symbols, e.g. based on a subcarrier spacing and / or numerology or equivalent,in particular for time domain multiplexed types (on the symbol level for a single trans-mitter) of signalling like single-carrier based signalling, e.g. SC-FDE or SC-FDMA (inparticular, FDF-SC-FDMA or pulse-shaped SC-FDMA). The number of symbols may be 935based on and / or defined by the number of subcarrier to be DFTS-spread (for SC-FDMA)and / or be based on a number of FFT samples, e.g. for spreading and / or mapping, and / orequivalent, and / or may be predefined and / or configured or configurable. A block symbolin this context may comprise and / or contain a plurality of individual modulation sym-bols, which may be for example 1000 or more, or 3000 or more, or 3300 or more. The 940P110626WO01 27 / 78number of modulation symbols in a block symbol may be based and / or be dependent ona bandwidth scheduled for transmission of signalling in the block symbol. A block symboland / or a number of block symbols (an integer smaller than 20, e.g. equal to or smallerthan 14 or 7 or 4 or 2 or a flexible number) may be a unit (e.g., allocation unit) usedfor scheduling and / or allocation of resources, in particular in time domain. To a block 945symbol (e.g., scheduled or allocated) and / or block symbol group and / or allocation unit,there may be associated a frequency range and / or frequency domain allocation and / orbandwidth allocated for transmission.An allocation unit, and / or a block symbol, may be associated to a specific (e.g., physical)channel and / or specific type of signalling, for example reference signalling. In some cases, 950there may be a block symbol associated to a channel that also is associated to a formof reference signalling and / or pilot signalling and / or tracking signalling associated to thechannel, for example for timing purposes and / or decoding purposes (such signalling maycomprise a low number of modulation symbols and / or resource elements of a block symbol,e.g. less than 10% or less than 5% or less than 1% of the modulation symbols and / or 955resource elements in a block symbol). To a block symbol, there may be associated resourceelements; a resource element may be represented in time / frequency domain, e.g. by thesmallest frequency unit carrying or mapped to (e.g., a subcarrier) in frequency domainand the duration of a modulation symbol in time domain. A block symbol may comprise,and / or to a block symbol may be associated, a structure allowing and / or comprising 960a number of modulation symbols, and / or association to one or more channels (and / orthe structure may dependent on the channel the block symbol is associated to and / oris allocated or used for), and / or reference signalling (e.g., as discussed above), and / orone or more guard periods and / or transient periods, and / or one or more affixes (e.g.,a prefix and / or suffix and / or one or more infixes (entered inside the block symbol)), 965in particular a cyclic prefix and / or suffix and / or infix. A cyclic affix may representa repetition of signalling and / or modulation symbol / s used in the block symbol, withpossible slight amendments to the signalling structure of the affix to provide a smoothand / or continuous and / or differentiable connection between affix signalling and signallingof modulation symbols associated to the content of the block symbol (e.g., channel and / or 970reference signalling structure). In some cases, in particular some OFDM-based wave-forms, an affix may be included into a modulation symbol. In other cases, e.g. somesingle carrier-based wave-forms, an affix may be represented by a sequence of modulationsymbols within the block symbol. It may be considered that in some cases a block symbolis defined and / or used in the context of the associated structure. 975Communicating may comprise transmitting or receiving. It may be considered that com-municating like transmitting signalling is based on a SC-FDM based wave-form, and / orP110626WO01 28 / 78corresponds to a Frequency Domain Filtered (FDF) DFTS-OFDM wave-form. However,the approaches may be applied to a Single Carrier based wave-form, e.g. a SC-FDM orSC-FDE-wave-form, which may be pulse-shaped / FDF-based. It should be noted that SC- 980FDM may be considered DFT-spread OFDM, such that SC-FDM and DFTS-OFDM maybe used interchangeably. Alternatively, or additionally, the signalling (e.g., first signallingand / or second signalling) and / or beam / s (in particular, the first received beam and / orsecond received beam) may be based on a wave-form with CP or comparable guard time.The received beam and the transmission beam of the first beam pair may have the same 985(or similar) or different angular and / or spatial extensions; the received beam and thetransmission beam of the second beam pair may have the same (or similar) or differentangular and / or spatial extensions. It may be considered that the received beam and / ortransmission beam of the first and / or second beam pair have angular extension of 20 de-grees or less, or 15 degrees or less, or 10 or 5 degrees or less, at least in one of horizontal or 990vertical direction, or both; different beams may have different angular extensions. An ex-tended guard interval or switching protection interval may have a duration correspondingto essentially or at least N CP (cyclic prefix) durations or equivalent duration, whereinN may be 2, or 3 or 4. An equivalent to a CP duration may represent the CP durationassociated to signalling with CP (e.g., SC-FDM-based or OFDM-based) for a wave-form 995without CP with the same or similar symbol time duration as the signalling with CP.Pulse-shaping (and / or performing FDF for) a modulation symbol and / or signalling, e.g.associated to a first subcarrier or bandwidth, may comprise mapping the modulationsymbol (and / or the sample associated to it after FFT) to an associated second subcar-rier or part of the bandwidth, and / or applying a shaping operation regarding the power 1000and / or amplitude and / or phase of the modulation symbol on the first subcarrier and thesecond subcarrier, wherein the shaping operation may be according to a shaping function.Pulse-shaping signalling may comprise pulse-shaping one or more symbols; pulse-shapedsignalling may in general comprise at least one pulse-shaped symbol. Pulse-shaping maybe performed based on a Nyquist-filter. It may be considered that pulse-shaping is per- 1005formed based on periodically extending a frequency distribution of modulation symbols(and / or associated samples after FFT) over a first number of subcarrier to a larger, secondnumber of subcarriers, wherein a subset of the first number of subcarriers from one end ofthe frequency distribution is appended at the other end of the first number of subcarriers.In some variants, communicating may be based on a numerology (which may, e.g., be 1010represented by and / or correspond to and / or indicate a subcarrier spacing and / or symboltime length) and / or an SC-FDM based wave-form (including a FDF-DFTS-FDM basedwave-form) or a single-carrier based wave-form. Whether to use pulse-shaping or FDF ona SC-FDM or SC-based wave-form may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., MCS)P110626WO01 29 / 78used. Such wave-forms may utilise a cyclic prefix and / or benefit particularly from the 1015described approaches. Communicating may comprise and / or be based on beamforming,e.g. transmission beamforming and / or reception beamforming, respectively. It may beconsidered that a beam is produced by performing analog beamforming to provide thebeam, e.g. a beam corresponding to a reference beam. Thus, signalling may be adapted,e.g. based on movement of the communication partner. A beam may for example be pro- 1020duced by performing analog beamforming to provide a beam corresponding to a referencebeam. This allows efficient postprocessing of a digitally formed beam, without requiringchanges to a digital beamforming chain and / or without requiring changes to a standarddefining beam forming precoders. In general, a beam may be produced by hybrid beam-forming, and / or by digital beamforming, e.g. based on a precoder. This facilitates easy 1025processing of beams, and / or limits the number of power amplifiers / ADC / DCA requiredfor antenna arrangements. It may be considered that a beam is produced by hybridbeamforming, e.g. by analog beamforming performed on a beam representation or beamformed based on digital beamforming. Monitoring and / or performing cell search may bebased on reception beamforming, e.g. analog or digital or hybrid reception beamforming. 1030The numerology may determine the length of a symbol time interval and / or the durationof a cyclic prefix. The approaches described herein are particularly suitable to SC-FDM,to ensure orthogonality, in particular subcarrier orthogonality, in corresponding systems,but may be used for other wave-forms. Communicating may comprise utilising a wave-form with cyclic prefix. The cyclic prefix may be based on a numerology, and may help 1035keeping signalling orthogonal. Communicating may comprise, and / or be based on per-forming cell search, e.g. for a wireless device or terminal, or may comprise transmittingcell identifying signalling and / or a selection indication, based on which a radio node re-ceiving the selection indication may select a signalling bandwidth from a set of signallingbandwidths for performing cell search. 1040A beam or beam pair may in general be targeted at one radio node, or a group of radionodes and / or an area including one or more radio nodes. In many cases, a beam or beampair may be receiver-specific (e.g., UE-specific), such that only one radio node is servedper beam / beam pair. A beam pair switch or switch of received beam (e.g., by using adifferent reception beam) and / or transmission beam may be performed at a border of a 1045transmission timing structure, e.g. a slot border, or within a slot, for example betweensymbols. Some tuning of radio circuitry, e.g. for receiving and / or transmitting, may beperformed. Beam pair switching may comprise switching from a second received beamto a first received beam, and / or from a second transmission beam to a first transmissionbeam. Switching may comprise inserting a guard period to cover retuning time; however, 1050circuitry may be adapted to switch sufficiently quickly to essentially be instantaneous;P110626WO01 30 / 78this may in particular be the case when digital reception beamforming is used to switchreception beams for switching received beams.A reference beam (or reference signalling beam) may be a beam comprising referencesignalling, based on which for example a of beam signalling characteristics may be deter- 1055mined, e.g. measured and / or estimated. A signalling beam may comprise signalling likecontrol signalling and / or data signalling and / or reference signalling. A reference beammay be transmitted by a source or transmitting radio node, in which case one or morebeam signalling characteristics may be reported to it from a receiver, e.g. a wireless de-vice. However, in some cases it may be received by the radio node from another radio 1060node or wireless device. In this case, one or more beam signalling characteristics maybe determined by the radio node. A signalling beam may be a transmission beam, or areception beam. A set of signalling characteristics may comprise a plurality of subsetsof beam signalling characteristics, each subset pertaining to a different reference beam.Thus, a reference beam may be associated to different beam signalling characteristics. 1065A beam signalling characteristic, respectively a set of such characteristics, may representand / or indicate a signal strength and / or signal quality of a beam and / or a delay charac-teristic and / or be associated with received and / or measured signalling carried on a beam.Beam signalling characteristics and / or delay characteristics may in particular pertain to,and / or indicate, a number and / or list and / or order of beams with best (e.g., lowest mean 1070delay and / or lowest spread / range) timing or delay spread, and / or of strongest and / orbest quality beams, e.g. with associated delay spread. A beam signalling characteristicmay be based on measurement / s performed on reference signalling carried on the refer-ence beam it pertains to. The measurement / s may be performed by the radio node, oranother node or wireless device. The use of reference signalling allows improved accuracy 1075and / or gauging of the measurements. In some cases, a beam and / or beam pair may berepresented by a beam identity indication, e.g. a beam or beam pair number. Such an in-dication may be represented by one or more signalling sequences (e.g., a specific referencesignalling sequences or sequences), which may be transmitted on the beam and / or beampair, and / or a signalling characteristic and / or a resource / s used (e.g., time / frequency 1080and / or code) and / or a specific RNTI (e.g., used for scrambling a CRC for some messagesor transmissions) and / or by information provided in signalling, e.g. control signallingand / or system signalling, on the beam and / or beam pair, e.g. encoded and / or providedin an information field or as information element in some form of message of signalling,e.g. DCI and / or MAC and / or RRC signalling. 1085A reference beam may in general be one of a set of reference beams, the second set ofreference beams being associated to the set of signalling beams. The sets being associatedP110626WO01 31 / 78may refer to at least one beam of the first set being associated and / or corresponding to thesecond set (or vice versa), e.g. being based on it, for example by having the same analogor digital beamforming parameters and / or precoder and / or the same shape before analog 1090beamforming, and / or being a modified form thereof, e.g. by performing additional analogbeamforming. The set of signalling beams may be referred to as a first set of beams, aset of corresponding reference beams may be referred to as second set of beams.In some variants, a reference beam and / or reference beams and / or reference signalling maycorrespond to and / or carry random access signalling, e.g. a random access preamble. Such 1095a reference beam or signalling may be transmitted by another radio node. The signallingmay indicate which beam is used for transmitting. Alternatively, the reference beams maybe beams receiving the random access signalling. Random access signalling may be usedfor initial connection to the radio node and / or a cell provided by the radio node, and / or forreconnection. Utilising random access signalling facilitates quick and early beam selection. 1100The random access signalling may be on a random access channel, e.g. based on broadcastinformation provided by the radio node (the radio node performing the beam selection),e.g. with synchronisation signalling (e.g., SSB block and / or associated thereto). Thereference signalling may correspond to synchronisation signalling, e.g. transmitted by theradio node in a plurality of beams. The characteristics may be reported on by a node 1105receiving the synchronisation signalling, e.g. in a random access process, e.g. a Msg3for contention resolution, which may be transmitted on a physical uplink shared channelbased on a resource allocation provided by the radio node.A delay characteristic (which may correspond to delay spread information) and / or ameasurement report may represent and / or indicate at least one of mean delay, and / or 1110delay spread, and / or delay distribution, and / or delay spread distribution, and / or delayspread range, and / or relative delay spread, and / or energy (or power) distribution, and / orimpulse response to received signalling, and / or the power delay profile of the receivedsignals, and / or power delay profile related parameters of the received signal. A meandelay may represent the mean value and / or an averaged value of the delay spread, which 1115may be weighted or unweighted. A distribution may be distribution over time / delay, e.g.of received power and / or energy of a signal. A range may indicate an interval of the delayspread distribution over time / delay, which may cover a predetermined percentage of thedelay spread respective received energy or power, e.g. 50% or more, 75% or more, 90% ormore, or 100%. A relative delay spread may indicate a relation to a threshold delay, e.g. 1120of the mean delay, and / or a shift relative to an expected and / or configured timing, e.g. atiming at which the signalling would have been expected based on the scheduling, and / ora relation to a cyclic prefix duration (which may be considered on form of a threshold).Energy distribution or power distribution may pertain to the energy or power received overP110626WO01 32 / 78the time interval of the delay spread. A power delay profile may pertain to representations 1125of the received signals, or the received signals energy / power, across time / delay. Powerdelay profile related parameters may pertain to metrics computed from the power delayprofile. Different values and forms of delay spread information and / or report may beused, allowing a wide range of capabilities. The kind of information represented by ameasurement report may be predefined, or be configured or configurable, e.g. with a 1130measurement configuration and / or reference signalling configuration, in particular withhigher layer signalling like RRC or MAC signalling and / or physical layer signalling likeDCI signalling.In general, different beam pair may differ in at least one beam; for example, a beampair using a first received beam and a first transmission beam may be considered to be 1135different from a second beam pair using the first received beam and a second transmissionbeam. A transmission beam using no precoding and / or beamforming, for example usingthe natural antenna profile, may be considered as a special form of transmission beam ofa transmission beam pair. A beam may be indicated to a radio node by a transmitterwith a beam indication and / or a configuration, which for example may indicate beam 1140parameters and / or time / frequency resources associated to the beam and / or a transmissionmode and / or antenna profile and / or antenna port and / or precoder associated to thebeam. Different beams may be provided with different content, for example differentreceived beams may carry different signalling; however, there may be considered casesin which different beams carry the same signalling, for example the same data signalling 1145and / or reference signalling. The beams may be transmitted by the same node and / ortransmission point and / or antenna arrangement, or by different nodes and / or transmissionpoints and / or antenna arrangements.Communicating utilising a beam pair or a beam may comprise receiving signalling on areceived beam (which may be a beam of a beam pair), and / or transmitting signalling on 1150a beam, e.g. a beam of a beam pair. The following terms are to be interpreted fromthe point of view of the referred radio node: a received beam may be a beam carryingsignalling received by the radio node (for reception, the radio node may use a receptionbeam, e.g. directed to the received beam, or be non-beamformed). A transmission beammay be a beam used by the radio node to transmit signalling. A beam pair may consist 1155of a received beam and a transmission beam. The transmission beam and the receivedbeam of a beam pair may be associated to each and / or correspond to each other, e.g.such that signalling on the received beam and signalling on a transmission beam travelessentially the same path (but in opposite directions), e.g. at least in a stationary oralmost stationary condition. It should be noted that the terms “first” and “second” 1160do not necessarily denote an order in time; a second signalling may be received and / orP110626WO01 33 / 78transmitted before, or in some cases simultaneous to, first signalling, or vice versa. Thereceived beam and transmission beam of a beam pair may be on the same carrier orfrequency range or bandwidth part, e.g. in a TDD operation; however, variants withFDD may be considered as well. Different beam pairs may operate on the same frequency 1165ranges or carriers or bandwidth parts (e.g., such that transmission beams operate onthe same frequency range or carriers or bandwidth part, and received beams on the samefrequency range or carriers or bandwidth part (the transmission beam and received beamsmay be on the same or different ranges or carriers or BWPs). Communicating utilizing afirst beam pair and / or first beam may be based on, and / or comprise, switching from the 1170second beam pair or second beam to the first beam pair or first beam for communicating.The switching may be controlled by the network, for example a network node (which maybe the source or transmitter of the received beam of the first beam pair and / or secondbeam pair, or be associated thereto, for example associated transmission points or nodesin dual connectivity). Such controlling may comprise transmitting control signalling, e.g. 1175physical layer signalling and / or higher layer signalling. In some cases, the switching maybe performed by the radio node without additional control signalling, for example basedon measurements on signal quality and / or signal strength of beam pairs (e.g., of first andsecond received beams), in particular the first beam pair and / or the second beam pair.For example, it may be switched to the first beam pair (or first beam) if the signal quality 1180or signal strength measured on the second beam pair (or second beam) is considered tobe insufficient, and / or worse than corresponding measurements on the first beam pairindicate. Measurements performed on a beam pair (or beam) may in particular comprisemeasurements performed on a received beam of the beam pair. It may be considered thatthe timing indication may be determined before switching from the second beam pair to 1185the first beam pair for communicating. Thus, the synchronization may be in place and / orthe timing indication may be available for synchronising) when starting communicationutilizing the first beam pair or first beam. However, in some cases the timing indicationmay be determined after switching to the first beam pair or first beam. This may bein particular useful if first signalling is expected to be received after the switching only, 1190for example based on a periodicity or scheduled timing of suitable reference signallingon the first beam pair, e.g. first received beam. In general, a reception beam of a nodemay be associated to and / or correspond to a transmission beam of the node, e.g. suchthat the (spatial) angle of reception of the reception beam and the (spatial) angle oftransmission of the transmission beam at least partially, or essentially or fully, overlap 1195and / or coincide, in particular for TDD operation and / or independent of frequency. Spatialcorrespondence between beams may be considered in some cases, e.g. such that a beampair (e.g., transmission beam of a transmitting node and reception beam of a receivingnode) may be considered to comprise corresponding beams (e.g., the reception beam isP110626WO01 34 / 78suitable and / or the best beam to receive transmissions on the transmission beam, e.g. 1200based on a threshold signal quality and / or signal strength and / or measurements); to eachof such beams, there may be an associated or corresponding complementary beam of therespective node (e.g., to a transmission beam of a beam pair, there may be associated areception beam of the transmitting node, and / or to the reception beam of a beam pair,there may be associated a transmitting beam of the receiving node; if the beams (e.g., 1205at least essentially or substantially) overlap (e.g., in spatial angle), in some cases a beampair may be considered to indicate four beams (or actually, two beam pairs).In some cases, to one or more beams or signals or signallings may be associated a Quasi-CoLocation (QCL) characteristic or set of characteristics, or QCL class (also referred toas QCL type) or QCL identity; beams or signal or signallings sharing such may be con- 1210sidered to be Quasi-Colocated. Quasi-Colocated beams or signals or signallings may beconsidered (e.g., by a receiver) as the same beam or originating from the same transmit-ter or transmission source, at least in regard to the QCL characteristic or set or class oridentity, and / or to share the characteristic / s. QCL characteristics may pertain to prop-agation of signalling, and / or one or more delay characteristics, and / or pathloss, and / or 1215signal quality, and / or signal strength, and / or beam direction, and / or beam shape (inparticular, angle or area, e.g. area of coverage), and / or Doppler shift, and / or Dopplerspread, and / or delay spread, and / or time synchronisation, and / or frequency synchroni-sation, and / or one or more other parameters, e.g. pertaining to a propagation channeland / or spatial RX parameter / s (which may refer to reception beam and / or transmission 1220beam, e.g. shape or coverage or direction). A QCL characteristic may pertain to a spe-cific channel (e.g., physical layer channel like a control channel or data channel) and / orreference signalling type and / or antenna port. Different QCL classes or types may per-tain to different QCL characteristics or sets of characteristics; a QCL class may defineand / or pertain to one or more criteria and / or thresholds and / or ranges for one or more 1225QCL characteristics beams have to fulfill to be considered Quasi-Colocated according tothis class; a QCL identity may refer to and / or represent all beams being quasi-colocated,according to a QCL class. Different classes may pertain to one or more of the samecharacteristics (e.g., different classes may have different criteria and / or thresholds and / orranges for one or more characteristics) and / or to different characteristics. A QCL indi- 1230cation may be seen as a form of beam indication, e.g. pertaining to all beams belongingto one QCL class and / or QCL identity and / or quasi-colocated beams. A QCL identitymay be indicated by a QCL indication. In some cases, a beam, and / or a beam indication,may be considered to refer and / or represent a to a QCL identity, and / or to representquasi-colocated beams or signals or signallings. 1235Transmission on multiple layers (multi-layer transmission) may refer to transmission ofP110626WO01 35 / 78communication signalling and / or reference signalling simultaneously in one or more beamsand / or using a plurality of transmission sources, e.g. controlled by one network nodeor one wireless device. The layers may refer to layers of transmission; a layer may beconsidered to represent one data or signalling stream. Different layers may carry different 1240data and / or data streams, e.g., to increase data throughput. In some cases, the samedata or data stream may be transported on different layers, e.g. to increase reliability.Multi-layer transmission may provide diversity, e.g. transmission diversity and / or spatialdiversity. It may be considered that multi-layer transmission comprises 2, or more than2 layers; the number of layers of transmission may be represented by a rank or rank 1245indication.A transmission source may in particular comprise, and / or be represented by, and / orassociated to, an antenna or group of antenna elements or antenna sub-array or antennaarray or transmission point or TRP or TP (Transmission Point) or access point. In somecases, a transmission source may be represented or representable, and / or correspond 1250to, and / or associated to, an antenna port or layer of transmission, e.g. for multi-layertransmission. Different transmission sources may in particular comprise different and / orseparately controllable antenna element / s or (sub-)arrays and / or be associated to differentantenna ports. In particular, analog beamforming may be used, with separate analogcontrol of the different transmission sources. An antenna port may indicate a transmission 1255source, and / or a one or more transmission parameter, in particular of reference signallingassociated to the antenna port. In particular, transmission parameters pertaining to,and / or indicating a frequency domain distribution or mapping (e.g., which comb to useand / or which subcarrier or frequency offset to use, or similar) of modulation symbols ofthe reference signalling, and / or to which cyclic shift to use (e.g., to shift elements of a 1260modulation symbol sequence, or a root sequence, or a sequence based on or derived fromthe root sequence) and / or to which cover code to use (e.g., (e.g., to shift elements ofa modulation symbol sequence, or a root sequence, or a sequence based on or derivedfrom the root sequence). In some cases, a transmission source may represent a target forreception, e.g. if it is implemented as a TRP or AP (Access Point). 1265In some variants, reference signalling may be and / or comprise CSI-RS and / or PT-RSand / or DMRS, e.g. transmitted by the network node. In other variants, the referencesignalling may be transmitted by a UE, e.g. to a network node or other UE, in whichcase it may comprise and / or be Sounding Reference signalling. Other, e.g. new, formsof reference signalling may be considered and / or used. In general, a modulation symbol 1270of reference signalling respectively a resource element carrying it may be associated to acyclic prefix.P110626WO01 36 / 78Data signalling may be on a data channel, for example on a PDSCH or PSSCH, or on adedicated data channel, e.g. for low latency and / or high reliability, e.g. a URLLC channel.Control signalling may be on a control channel, for example on a common control channel 1275or a PDCCH or PSCCH, and / or comprise one or more DCI messages or SCI messages.Reference signalling may be associated to control signalling and / or data signalling, e.g.DM-RS and / or PT-RS.Reference signalling, for example, may comprise DM-RS and / or pilot signalling and / ordiscovery signalling and / or synchronisation signalling and / or sounding signalling and / or 1280phase tracking signalling and / or cell-specific reference signalling and / or user-specific sig-nalling, in particular CSI-RS. Reference signalling in general may be signalling with oneor more signalling characteristics, in particular transmission power and / or sequence ofmodulation symbols and / or resource distribution and / or phase distribution known to thereceiver. Thus, the receiver can use the reference signalling as a reference and / or for train- 1285ing and / or for compensation. The receiver can be informed about the reference signallingby the transmitter, e.g. being configured and / or signalling with control signalling, in par-ticular physical layer signalling and / or higher layer signalling (e.g., DCI and / or RRC sig-nalling), and / or may determine the corresponding information itself, e.g. a network nodeconfiguring a UE to transmit reference signalling. Reference signalling may be signalling 1290comprising one or more reference symbols and / or structures. Reference signalling maybe adapted for gauging and / or estimating and / or representing transmission conditions,e.g. channel conditions and / or transmission path conditions and / or channel (or signal ortransmission) quality. It may be considered that the transmission characteristics (e.g.,signal strength and / or form and / or modulation and / or timing) of reference signalling are 1295available for both transmitter and receiver of the signalling (e.g., due to being prede-fined and / or configured or configurable and / or being communicated). Different types ofreference signalling may be considered, e.g. pertaining to uplink, downlink or sidelink,cell-specific (in particular, cell-wide, e.g., CRS) or device or user specific (addressed toa specific target or user equipment, e.g., CSI-RS), demodulation-related (e.g., DMRS) 1300and / or signal strength related, e.g. power-related or energy-related or amplitude-related(e.g., SRS or pilot signalling) and / or phase-related, etc.References to specific resource structures like an allocation unit and / or block symboland / or block symbol group and / or transmission timing structure and / or symbol and / orslot and / or mini-slot and / or subcarrier and / or carrier may pertain to a specific numerol- 1305ogy, which may be predefined and / or configured or configurable. A transmission timingstructure may represent a time interval, which may cover one or more symbols. Someexamples of a transmission timing structure are transmission time interval (TTI), sub-frame, slot and mini-slot. A slot may comprise a predetermined, e.g. predefined and / orP110626WO01 37 / 78configured or configurable, number of symbols, e.g. 6 or 7, or 12 or 14. A mini-slot may 1310comprise a number of symbols (which may in particular be configurable or configured)smaller than the number of symbols of a slot, in particular 1, 2, 3 or 4, or more symbols,e.g. less symbols than symbols in a slot. A transmission timing structure may cover atime interval of a specific length, which may be dependent on symbol time length and / orcyclic prefix used. A transmission timing structure may pertain to, and / or cover, a specific 1315time interval in a time stream, e.g. synchronized for communication. Timing structuresused and / or scheduled for transmission, e.g. slot and / or mini-slots, may be scheduled inrelation to, and / or synchronized to, a timing structure provided and / or defined by othertransmission timing structures. Such transmission timing structures may define a timinggrid, e.g., with symbol time intervals within individual structures representing the small- 1320est timing units. Such a timing grid may for example be defined by slots or subframes(wherein in some cases, subframes may be considered specific variants of slots). A trans-mission timing structure may have a duration (length in time) determined based on thedurations of its symbols, possibly in addition to cyclic prefix / es used. The symbols of atransmission timing structure may have the same duration, or may in some variants have 1325different duration. The number of symbols in a transmission timing structure may bepredefined and / or configured or configurable, and / or be dependent on numerology. Thetiming of a mini-slot may generally be configured or configurable, in particular by thenetwork and / or a network node. The timing may be configurable to start and / or end atany symbol of the transmission timing structure, in particular one or more slots. 1330A transmission quality parameter may in general correspond to the number R of retrans-missions and / or number T of total transmissions, and / or coding (e.g., number of codingbits, e.g. for error detection coding and / or error correction coding like FEC coding)and / or code rate and / or BLER and / or BER requirements and / or transmission powerlevel (e.g., minimum level and / or target level and / or base power level P0 and / or trans- 1335mission power control command, TPC, step size) and / or signal quality, e.g. SNR and / orSIR and / or SINR and / or power density and / or energy density.A signalling sequence or sequence (e.g. of an allocation unit or block symbol or symboltime interval, and / or carried or transmitted on an allocation unit or block symbol orsymbol time interval) may be based on a sequence root, e.g. a root sequence and / or a 1340root parameter and / or root index and / or seed. A sequence root in general may representor indicate a base for deriving or determining a signalling sequence; the root may beassociated to, and / or represent a sequence directly, and / or indicate or represent a basesequence and / or seed. Examples of sequence roots may comprise a Zadoff Chu rootsequence, a sequence seed, e.g. a seed for a Gold sequence, or a Golay complimentary 1345sequence. A signalling sequence may be derived or derivable from, and / or be based on, aP110626WO01 38 / 78sequency root, e.g. based on a code, which may represent a shift or operation or processingon the root sequence or a sequence indicated by the sequence root, e.g. to provide thesignalling sequence; the signalling sequence may be based on such shifted or processed oroperated on root sequence. The code may in particular represent a cyclic shift and / or 1350phase shift and / or phase ramp (e.g., an amount for such). The code may assign oneoperation or shift for each allocation unit.In general, a signalling sequence associated to an allocation unit (and / or the allocationunits) associated to control signalling (and / or reference signalling) may be based on aroot sequence which may be a M-sequence or Zadoff-Chu sequence, or a Gold or Golay 1355sequence, or another sequence with suitable characteristics regarding correlation and / orinterference (e.g., self-interference and / or interference with other or neighboring transmit-ters). Different sequences may be used as root sequences for different signalling sequences,or the same sequence may be used. If different sequences are used, they may be of thesame type (Gold, Golay, M- or Zadoff-Chu, for example). The (signalling and / or root) 1360sequences may correspond to or be time-domain sequences, e.g. time domain Zadoff-Chuand / or time-domain M sequences.In some cases, a shifted object like a signalling or signals or sequences or informationmay be shifted, e.g. relative to a predecessor (e.g., one is subject to a shift, and theshifted version is used), or relative to another (e.g., one associated to one signalling or 1365allocation unit may be shifted to another associated to a second signalling or allocationunit, both may be used). One possible way of shifting is operating a code on it, e.g. tomultiply each element of a shifting object with a factor. A ramping (e.g. multiplying witha monotonously increasing or periodic factor) may be considered an example of shifting.Another is a cyclic shift in a domain or interval. A cyclic shift (or circular shift) may 1370correspond to a rearrangement of the elements in the shifting object, corresponding tomoving the final element or elements to the first position, while shifting all other entriesto the next position, or by performing the inverse operation (such that the shifted objectas the result will have the same elements as the shifting object, in a shifted but similarorder). Shifting in general may be specific to an interval in a domain, e.g. an allocation 1375unit in time domain, or a bandwidth in frequency domain. For example, it may beconsidered that signals or modulation symbols in an allocation unit are shifted, such thatthe order of the modulation symbols or signals is shifted in the allocation unit. In anotherexample, allocation units may be shifted, e.g. in a larger time interval - this may leavesignals in the allocation units unshifted with reference to the individual allocation unit, 1380but may change the order of the allocation units. Domains for shifting may for example betime domain and / or phase domain and / or frequency domain. Multiple shifts in the samedomain or different domains, and / or the same interval or different intervals (differentlyP110626WO01 39 / 78sized intervals, for example) may be performed.Reference signalling may have a type. Types of reference signalling may include synchro- 1385nisation signalling, and / or DM-RS (used to facilitate demodulation of associated datasignalling and / or control signalling), and / or PT-RS (used to facilitate phase tracking ofassociated data signalling and / or control signalling, e.g. within a time interval or symbolor allocation unit carrying such signalling), and / or CSI-RS (e.g., used for channel estima-tion and / or reporting). It may be considered that PT-RS are inserted into a bit sequence, 1390or a modulation symbol sequence, which may represent data. For example, PT-RS maybe mapped onto subcarriers of a symbol also carrying data symbols. Accordingly, PT-RSinsertion may be optimised for hardware implementations. In some cases, PT-RS may bemodulated differently and / or independently of the modulation symbols representing data(or data bits). 1395A comb structure, or shorter comb, may indicate a distribution, or periodic arrangementof reference signalling, in particular in frequency space, e.g. between an upper and lowerfrequency. A comb may pertain to one OFDMA symbol and / or SC-FDMA symbol and / orone (the same) symbol time interval and / or one allocation unit. A comb may have widthor size N and / or may pertain to, and / or be associated to, specific signalling and / or a 1400type of signalling, e.g. a type of reference signalling. The width N may indicate howmany empty subcarriers are between (e.g., non-neighbouring) subcarriers carrying anelement or signal or symbol of the signalling (e.g., this number may be N-1), or how manyempty subcarriers and non-empty subcarriers form a pattern that is repeated in frequencydomain. In general, each comb may indicate that at least one empty subcarrier is to be 1405between non-empty subcarriers. In this context, empty may refer to empty regardingthe pattern or distribution of the signalling associated to the comb (and non-empty mayrefer to a subcarrier carrying an element or symbol of the associated signalling); in somecases, other signallings (which may have a comb structure as well) may be carried onempty subcarriers, e.g. transmitted using other transmission sources and / or other devices, 1410and / or mapped into the comb (e.g., for a DMRS comb, data signalling may be mappedon subcarriers not carrying DMRS).A comb structure may generally describe a structure in which for every N-th (N maybe an integer) resource element and / or subcarrier a reference signal or an element of asequence of the reference signalling, and / or representing the reference signalling, and / or 1415on which the reference signalling is based, is mapped to, and / or represented by signallingthe resource element and / or subcarrier, in particular an element (symbol) of a modulationsymbol sequence, or an element of a sequence. N may be called the width of the comb.Generally, the comb may indicate the periodicity of the pattern inside the frequency rangeP110626WO01 40 / 78of the reference signalling. The pattern may in particular pertain to one reference signal 1420and / or resource element or subcarrier for transmitting a reference signal, such that thecomb may be considered to indicate that on every Nth resource element (in particular,only there) and / or subcarrier there is to be a reference signal or element of an associatedsequence, and / or how many resource elements and / or subcarriers are between resourceelements and / or subcarriers with reference signals. However, there may be considered 1425variants, in which the pattern represents more than one reference signals. The patternmay also generally represent and / or indicate one or more empty signals and / or one ormore data signals (respectively associated resource elements and / or subcarriers). For eachcomb or comb structure with a width or size of N, there may be N or f(N) different availableindividual combs. For example, for N=2, there may be two combs shifted in frequency 1430space by one, or an odd number, of subcarriers or PRBs (e.g., based on a frequencydomain offset, or a subcarrier offset). A comb structure or comb of width or size of Nmay be indicated as N-comb. Specific combs of this width may be numbered within N.For example, for a 2-comb, there may be a comb 1 (or C1) and a comb 2 (or C2), whichmay be shifted relative to each other, e.g. to dovetail such that all subcarrier covered by 1435both combs carry signalling (associated to C1 and C2 alternatingly in frequency domain).A comb may comprise two or more, for example at least three or at least four, repetitionsof the pattern. The comb may indicate a reference and / or indication, e.g. a resourceelement and / or subcarner, which may be related to the upper and / or lower boundaryin frequency, regarding the arrangement and / or location in frequency of a first pattern, 1440and / or the relative shift of the pattern and / or comb in frequency. Generally, a combstructure may cover at least part, and / or at least the majority, and / or essentially allor all resource elements and / or subcarriers of the plurality of resource elements and / orsubcarriers, and / or the symbol. A comb structure may result from combining two combstructures, which may in particular comb structures with pattern comprising only one 1445reference signal. A comb structure may be determined and / or amended before trans-mission, e.g. based on other reference signalling to be transmitted, e.g. on a differentantenna port. In this context, reference signals may be replaced by empty signals to avoidoverlap and / or interference. Generally, if the other reference signalling utilises a combstructure as well, a different / new comb (as a combination of combs) may be considered to 1450be determined, e.g. with less dense reference signal distribution and / or a different / widerpattern. Alternatively, or additionally, combs may be combined to increase the referencesignal density, e.g. by combining combs with different widths, and / or with shifted offsets.Generally, a comb structure may represent and / or comprise and / or be comprised of anyof the combs / comb structures described herein. 1455P110626WO01 41 / 78A buffer state report (or buffer status report, BSR) may comprise information represent-ing the presence and / or size of data to be transmitted (e.g., available in one or morebuffers, for example provided by higher layers). The size may be indicated explicitly,and / or indexed to range / s of sizes, and / or may pertain to one or more different channel / sand / or acknowledgement processes and / or higher layers and / or channel groups / s, e.g, 1460one or more logical channel / s and / or transport channel / s and / or groups thereof: Thestructure of a BSR may be predefined and / or configurable of configured, e.g. to overrideand / or amend a predefined structure, for example with higher layer signalling, e.g. RRCsignalling. There may be different forms of BSR with different levels of resolution and / orinformation, e.g. a more detailed long BSR and a less detailed short BSR. A short BSR 1465may concatenate and / or combine information of a long BSR, e.g. providing sums for dataavailable for one or more channels and / or or channels groups and / or buffers, which mightbe represented individually in a long BSR; and / or may index a less-detailed range schemefor data available or buffered. A BSR may be used in lieu of a scheduling request, e.g.by a network node scheduling or allocating (uplink) resources for the transmitting radio 1470node like a wireless device or UE or IAB node.There is generally considered a program product comprising instructions adapted for caus-ing processing and / or control circuitry to carry out and / or control any method describedherein, in particular when executed on the processing and / or control circuitry. Also, thereis considered a carrier medium arrangement carrying and / or storing a program product 1475as described herein.A carrier medium arrangement may comprise one or more carrier media. Generally, acarrier medium may be accessible and / or readable and / or receivable by processing orcontrol circuitry. Storing data and / or a program product and / or code may be seenas part of carrying data and / or a program product and / or code. A carrier medium 1480generally may comprise a guiding / transporting medium and / or a storage medium. Aguiding / transporting medium may be adapted to carry and / or carry and / or store signals,in particular electromagnetic signals and / or electrical signals and / or magnetic signalsand / or optical signals. A carrier medium, in particular a guiding / transporting medium,may be adapted to guide such signals to carry them. A carrier medium, in particular a 1485guiding / transporting medium, may comprise the electromagnetic field, e.g. radio wavesor microwaves, and / or optically transmissive material, e.g. glass fiber, and / or cable. Astorage medium may comprise at least one of a memory, which may be volatile or non-volatile, a buffer, a cache, an optical disc, magnetic memory, flash memory, etc.A system comprising one or more radio nodes as described herein, in particular a network 1490node and a user equipment, is described. The system may be a wireless communicationP110626WO01 42 / 78system, and / or provide and / or represent a radio access network.Moreover, there may be generally considered a method of operating an information sys-tem, the method comprising providing information. Alternatively, or additionally, aninformation system adapted for providing information may be considered. Providing in- 1495formation may comprise providing information for, and / or to, a target system, whichmay comprise and / or be implemented as radio access network and / or a radio node, inparticular a network node or user equipment or terminal. Providing information maycomprise transferring and / or streaming and / or sending and / or passing on the informa-tion, and / or offering the information for such and / or for download, and / or triggering such 1500providing, e.g. by triggering a different system or node to stream and / or transfer and / orsend and / or pass on the information. The information system may comprise, and / or beconnected or connectable to, a target, for example via one or more intermediate systems,e.g. a core network and / or internet and / or private or local network. Information may beprovided utilising and / or via such intermediate system / s. Providing information may be 1505for radio transmission and / or for transmission via an air interface and / or utilising a RANor radio node as described herein. Connecting the information system to a target, and / orproviding information, may be based on a target indication, and / or adaptive to a targetindication. A target indication may indicate the target, and / or one or more parameters oftransmission pertaining to the target and / or the paths or connections over which the in- 1510formation is provided to the target. Such parameter / s may in particular pertain to the airinterface and / or radio access network and / or radio node and / or network node. Exampleparameters may indicate for example type and / or nature of the target, and / or transmis-sion capacity (e.g., data rate) and / or latency and / or reliability and / or cost, respectivelyone or more estimates thereof. The target indication may be provided by the target, or 1515determined by the information system, e.g. based on information received from the targetand / or historical information, and / or be provided by a user, for example a user operatingthe target or a device in communication with the target, e.g. via the RAN and / or airinterface. For example, a user may indicate on a user equipment communicating withthe information system that information is to be provided via a RAN, e.g. by selecting 1520from a selection provided by the information system, for example on a user applicationor user interface, which may be a web interface. An information system may compriseone or more information nodes. An information node may generally comprise processingcircuitry and / or communication circuitry. In particular, an information system and / or aninformation node may be implemented as a computer and / or a computer arrangement, 1525e.g. a host computer or host computer arrangement and / or server or server arrangement.In some variants, an interaction server (e.g., web server) of the information system mayprovide a user interface, and based on user input may trigger transmitting and / or stream-P110626WO01 43 / 78ing information provision to the user (and / or the target) from another server, which maybe connected or connectable to the interaction server and / or be part of the information 1530system or be connected or connectable thereto. The information may be any kind of data,in particular data intended for a user of for use at a terminal, e.g. video data and / or audiodata and / or location data and / or interactive data and / or game-related data and / or en-vironmental data and / or technical data and / or traffic data and / or vehicular data and / orcircumstantial data and / or operational data. The information provided by the informa- 1535tion system may be mapped to, and / or mappable to, and / or be intended for mapping to,communication or data signalling and / or one or more data channels as described herein(which may be signalling or channel / s of an air interface and / or used within a RANand / or for radio transmission). It may be considered that the information is formattedbased on the target indication and / or target, e.g. regarding data amount and / or data 1540rate and / or data structure and / or timing, which in particular may be pertaining to amapping to communication or data signalling and / or a data channel. Mapping informa-tion to data signalling and / or data channel / s may be considered to refer to using thesignalling / channel / s to carry the data, e.g. on higher layers of communication, with thesignalling / channel / s underlying the transmission. A target indication generally may com- 1545prise different components, which may have different sources, and / or which may indicatedifferent characteristics of the target and / or communication path / s thereto. A format ofinformation may be specifically selected, e.g. from a set of different formats, for informa-tion to be transmitted on an air interface and / or by a RAN as described herein. This maybe particularly pertinent since an air interface may be limited in terms of capacity and / or 1550of predictability, and / or potentially be cost sensitive. The format may be selected to beadapted to the transmission indication, which may in particular indicate that a RAN orradio node as described herein is in the path (which may be the indicated and / or plannedand / or expected path) of information between the target and the information system. A(communication) path of information may represent the interface / s (e.g., air and / or ca- 1555ble interfaces) and / or the intermediate system / s (if any), between the information systemand / or the node providing or transferring the information, and the target, over which theinformation is, or is to be, passed on. A path may be (at least partly) undeterminedwhen a target indication is provided, and / or the information is provided / transferred bythe information system, e.g. if an internet is involved, which may comprise multiple, 1560dynamically chosen paths. Information and / or a format used for information may bepacket-based, and / or be mapped, and / or be mappable and / or be intended for mapping,to packets. Alternatively, or additionally, there may be considered a method for oper-ating a target device comprising providing a target indicating to an information system.More alternatively, or additionally, a target device may be considered, the target device 1565being adapted for providing a target indication to an information system. In another ap-P110626WO01 44 / 78proach, there may be considered a target indication tool adapted for, and / or comprisingan indication module for, providing a target indication to an information system. Thetarget device may generally be a target as described above. A target indication tool maycomprise, and / or be implemented as, software and / or application or app, and / or web 1570interface or user interface, and / or may comprise one or more modules for implementingactions performed and / or controlled by the tool. The tool and / or target device may beadapted for, and / or the method may comprise, receiving a user input, based on which atarget indicating may be determined and / or provided. Alternatively, or additionally, thetool and / or target device may be adapted for, and / or the method may comprise, receiving 1575information and / or communication signalling carrying information, and / or operating on,and / or presenting (e.g., on a screen and / or as audio or as other form of indication), infor-mation. The information may be based on received information and / or communicationsignalling carrying information. Presenting information may comprise processing receivedinformation, e.g. decoding and / or transforming, in particular between different formats, 1580and / or for hardware used for presenting. Operating on information may be independent ofor without presenting, and / or proceed or succeed presenting, and / or may be without userinteraction or even user reception, for example for automatic processes, or target deviceswithout (e.g., regular) user interaction like MTC devices, of for automotive or transportor industrial use. The information or communication signalling may be expected and / or 1585received based on the target indication. Presenting and / or operating on information maygenerally comprise one or more processing steps, in particular decoding and / or execut-ing and / or interpreting and / or transforming information. Operating on information maygenerally comprise relaying and / or transmitting the information, e.g. on an air interface,which may include mapping the information onto signalling (such mapping may generally 1590pertain to one or more layers, e.g. one or more layers of an air interface, e.g. RLC (RadioLink Control) layer and / or MAC layer and / or physical layer / s). The information may beimprinted (or mapped) on communication signalling based on the target indication, whichmay make it particularly suitable for use in a RAN (e.g., for a target device like a networknode or in particular a UE or terminal). The tool may generally be adapted for use on a 1595target device, like a UE or terminal. Generally, the tool may provide multiple function-alities, e.g. for providing and / or selecting the target indication, and / or presenting, e.g.video and / or audio, and / or operating on and / or storing received information. Providinga target indication may comprise transmitting or transferring the indication as signalling,and / or carried on signalling, in a RAN, for example if the target device is a UE, or the 1600tool for a UE. It should be noted that such provided information may be transferred tothe information system via one or more additionally communication interfaces and / orpaths and / or connections. The target indication may be a higher-layer indication and / orthe information provided by the information system may be higher-layer information, e.g.P110626WO01 45 / 78application layer or user-layer, in particular above radio layers like transport layer and 1605physical layer. The target indication may be mapped on physical layer radio signalling,e.g. related to or on the user-plane, and / or the information may be mapped on physicallayer radio communication signalling, e.g. related to or on the user-plane (in particular,in reverse communication directions). The described approaches allow a target indicationto be provided, facilitating information to be provided in a specific format particularly 1610suitable and / or adapted to efficiently use an air interface. A user input may for examplerepresent a selection from a plurality of possible transmission modes or formats, and / orpaths, e.g. in terms of data rate and / or packaging and / or size of information to beprovided by the information system.In general, a numerology and / or subcarrier spacing may indicate the bandwidth (in fre- 1615quency domain) of a subcarrier of a carrier, and / or the number of subcarriers in a carrierand / or the numbering of the subcarriers in a carrier, and / or the symbol time length.Different numerologies may in particular be different in the bandwidth of a subcarrier.In some variants, all the subcarriers in a carrier have the same bandwidth associatedto them. The numerology and / or subcarrier spacing may be different between carriers 1620in particular regarding the subcarrier bandwidth. A symbol time length, and / or a timelength of a timing structure pertaining to a carrier may be dependent on the carrier fre-quency, and / or the subcarrier spacing and / or the numerology. In particular, differentnumerologies may have different symbol time lengths, even on the same carrier.Signalling may generally comprise one or more (e.g., modulation) symbols and / or signals 1625and / or messages. A signal may comprise or represent one or more bits. An indication mayrepresent signalling, and / or be implemented as a signal, or as a plurality of signals. One ormore signals may be included in and / or represented by a message. signalling, in particularcontrol signalling, may comprise a plurality of signals and / or messages, which may betransmitted on different carriers and / or be associated to different signalling processes, 1630e.g. representing and / or pertaining to one or more such processes and / or correspondinginformation. An indication may comprise signalling, and / or a plurality of signals and / ormessages and / or may be comprised therein, which may be transmitted on different carriersand / or be associated to different acknowledgement signalling processes, e.g. representingand / or pertaining to one or more such processes. signalling associated to a channel 1635may be transmitted such that represents signalling and / or information for that channel,and / or that the signalling is interpreted by the transmitter and / or receiver to belong tothat channel. Such signalling may generally comply with transmission parameters and / orformat / s for the channel.An antenna arrangement may comprise one or more antenna elements (radiating ele- 1640P110626WO01 46 / 78ments), which may be combined in antenna arrays. An antenna array or sub-array maycomprise one antenna element, or a plurality of antenna elements, which may be arrangede.g. two dimensionally (for example, a panel) or three dimensionally. It may be consideredthat each antenna array or sub-array or element is separately controllable, respectivelythat different antenna arrays are controllable separately from each other. A single an- 1645tenna element / radiator may be considered the smallest example of a sub-array. Examplesof antenna arrays comprise one or more multi-antenna panels or one or more individu-ally controllable antenna elements. An antenna arrangement may comprise a pluralityof antenna arrays. It may be considered that an antenna arrangement is associated toa (specific and / or single) radio node, e.g. a configuring or informing or scheduling radio 1650node, e.g. to be controlled or controllable by the radio node. An antenna arrangementassociated to a UE or terminal may be smaller (e.g., in size and / or number of antennaelements or arrays) than the antenna arrangement associated to a network node. An-tenna elements of an antenna arrangement may be configurable for different arrays, e.g.to change the beamforming characteristics. In particular, antenna arrays may be formed 1655by combining one or more independently or separately controllable antenna elements orsub-arrays. The beams may be provided by analog beamforming, or in some variants bydigital beamforming, or by hybrid beamforming combing analog and digital beamforming.The informing radio nodes may be configured with the manner of beam transmission, e.g.by transmitting a corresponding indicator or indication, for example as beam identify in- 1660dication. However, there may be considered cases in which the informing radio node / s arenot configured with such information, and / or operate transparently, not knowing the wayof beamforming used. An antenna arrangement may be considered separately control-lable in regard to the phase and / or amplitude / power and / or gain of a signal feed to it fortransmission, and / or separately controllable antenna arrangements may comprise an inde- 1665pendent or separate transmit and / or receive unit and / or ADC (analog-Digital-Converter,alternatively an ADC chain) or DCA (Digital-to-analog Converter, alternatively a DCAchain) to convert digital control information into an analog antenna feed for the wholeantenna arrangement (the ADC / DCA may be considered part of, and / or connected orconnectable to, antenna circuitry) or vice versa. A scenario in which an ADC or DCA is 1670controlled directly for beamforming may be considered an analog beamforming scenario;such controlling may be performed after encoding / decoding and7or after modulation sym-bols have been mapped to resource elements. This may be on the level of antenna ar-rangements using the same ADC / DCA, e.g. one antenna element or a group of antennaelements associated to the same ADC / DCA. Digital beamforming may correspond to a 1675scenario in which processing for beamforming is provided before feeding signalling to theADC / DCA, e.g. by using one or more precoder / s and / or by precoding information, forexample before and / or when mapping modulation symbols to resource elements. Such aP110626WO01 47 / 78precoder for beamforming may provide weights, e.g. for amplitude and / or phase, and / ormay be based on a (precoder) codebook, e.g. selected from a codebook. A precoder may 1680pertain to one beam or more beams, e.g. defining the beam or beams. The codebookmay be configured or configurable, and / or be predefined. DFT beamforming may beconsidered a form of digital beamforming, wherein a DFT procedure is used to form oneor more beams. Hybrid forms of beamforming may be considered.A beam may be defined by a spatial and / or angular and / or spatial angular distribution 1685of radiation and / or a spatial angle (also referred to as solid angle) or spatial (solid) angledistribution into which radiation is transmitted (for transmission beamforming) or fromwhich it is received (for reception beamforming). Reception beamforming may compriseonly accepting signals coming in from a reception beam (e.g., using analog beamformingto not receive outside reception beam / s), and / or sorting out signals that do not come 1690in in a reception beam, e.g. in digital postprocessing, e.g. digital beamforming. Abeam may have a solid angle equal to or smaller than 4*pi sr (4*pi correspond to abeam covering all directions), in particular smaller than 2* pi, or pi, or pi / 2, or pi / 4 orpi / 8 or pi / 16. In particular for high frequencies, smaller beams may be used. Differentbeams may have different directions and / or sizes (e.g., solid angle and / or reach). A beam 1695may have a main direction, which may be defined by a main lobe (e.g., center of themain lobe, e.g. pertaining to signal strength and / or solid angle, which may be averagedand / or weighted to determine the direction), and may have one or more sidelobes. A lobemay generally be defined to have a continuous or contiguous distribution of energy and / orpower transmitted and / or received, e.g. bounded by one or more contiguous or contiguous 1700regions of zero energy (or practically zero energy). A main lobe may comprise the lobewith the largest signal strength and / or energy and / or power content. However, sidelobesusually appear due to limitations of beamforming, some of which may carry signals withsignificant strength, and may cause multi-path effects. A sidelobe may generally have adifferent direction than a main lobe and / or other side lobes, however, due to reflections 1705a sidelobe still may contribute to transmitted and / or received energy or power. A beammay be swept and / or switched over time, e.g., such that its (main) direction is changed,but its shape (angular / solid angle distribution) around the main direction is not changed,e.g. from the transmitter’s views for a transmission beam, or the receiver’s view for areception beam, respectively. Sweeping may correspond to continuous or near continuous 1710change of main direction (e.g., such that after each change, the main lobe from before thechange covers at least partly the main lobe after the change, e.g. at least to 50 or 75 or90 percent). Switching may correspond to switching direction non-continuously, e.g. suchthat after each change, the main lobe from before the change does not cover the mainlobe after the change, e.g. at most to 50 or 25 or 10 percent. 1715P110626WO01 48 / 78Signal strength may be a representation of signal power and / or signal energy, e.g. asseen from a transmitting node or a receiving node. A beam with larger strength attransmission (e.g., according to the beamforming used) than another beam does maynot necessarily have larger strength at the receiver, and vice versa, for example due tointerference and / or obstruction and / or dispersion and / or absorption and / or reflection 1720and / or attrition or other effects influencing a beam or the signalling it carries. Signalquality may in general be a representation of how well a signal may be received overnoise and / or interference. A beam with better signal quality than another beam doesnot necessarily have a larger beam strength than the other beam. Signal quality may berepresented for example by SIR, SNR, SINR, BER, BLER, Energy per resource element 1725over noise / interference or another corresponding quality measure. Signal quality and / orsignal strength may pertain to, and / or may be measured with respect to, a beam, and / orspecific signalling carried by the beam, e.g. reference signalling and / or a specific channel,e.g. a data channel or control channel. Signal strength may be represented by receivedsignal strength, and / or relative signal strength, e.g. in comparison to a reference signal 1730(strength).Uplink or sidelink signalling may be OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multi-ple Access) or SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access) signalling.Downlink signalling may in particular be OFDMA signalling. However, signalling likecommunication signalling is not limited thereto (Filter-Bank based signalling and / or 1735Single-Carrier based signalling, e.g. SC-FDE signalling, may be considered alternatives).A radio node may generally be considered a device or node adapted for wireless and / orradio (and / or millimeter wave) frequency communication, and / or for communication util-ising an air interface, e.g. according to a communication standard.A radio node may be a network node, or a user equipment or terminal. A network node 1740may be any radio node of a wireless communication network, e.g. a base station and / orgNodeB (gNB) and / or eNodeB (eNB) and / or relay node and / or micro / nano / pico / femtonode and / or transmission point (TP) and / or access point (AP) and / or other node, inparticular for a RAN or other wireless communication network as described herein.The terms user equipment (UE) and terminal may be considered to be interchangeable 1745in the context of this disclosure. A wireless device, user equipment or terminal may rep-resent an end device for communication utilising the wireless communication network,and / or be implemented as a user equipment according to a standard. Examples of userequipments may comprise a phone like a smartphone, a personal communication device, amobile phone or terminal, a computer, in particular laptop, a sensor or machine with radio 1750capability (and / or adapted for the air interface), in particular for MTC (Machine-Type-P110626WO01 49 / 78Communication, sometimes also referred to M2M, Machine-To-Machine), or a vehicleadapted for wireless communication. A user equipment or terminal may be mobile or sta-tionary. A wireless device generally may comprise, and / or be implemented as, processingcircuitry and / or radio circuitry, which may comprise one or more chips or sets of chips. 1755The circuitry and / or circuitries may be packaged, e.g. in a chip housing, and / or may haveone or more physical interfaces to interact with other circuitry and / or for power supply.Such a wireless device may be intended for use in a user equipment or terminal.A radio node may generally comprise processing circuitry and / or radio circuitry. A radionode, in particular a network node, may in some cases comprise cable circuitry and / or 1760communication circuitry, with which it may be connected or connectable to another radionode and / or a core network.Circuitry may comprise integrated circuitry. Processing circuitry may comprise one ormore processors and / or controllers (e.g., microcontrollers), and / or ASICs (ApplicationSpecific Integrated Circuitry) and / or FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Array), or sim- 1765ilar. It may be considered that processing circuitry comprises, and / or is (operatively)connected or connectable to one or more memories or memory arrangements. A mem-ory arrangement may comprise one or more memories. A memory may be adaptedto store digital information. Examples for memories comprise volatile and non-volatilememory, and / or Random Access Memory (RAM), and / or Read-Only-Memory (ROM), 1770and / or magnetic and / or optical memory, and / or flash memory, and / or hard disk mem-ory, and / or EPROM or EEPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM or Electrically ErasableProgrammable ROM).Radio circuitry may comprise one or more transmitters and / or receivers and / or transceivers(a transceiver may operate or be operable as transmitter and receiver, and / or may com- 1775prise joint or separated circuitry for receiving and transmitting, e.g. in one package orhousing), and / or may comprise one or more amplifiers and / or oscillators and / or filters,and / or may comprise, and / or be connected or connectable to antenna circuitry and / orone or more antennas and / or antenna arrays. An antenna array may comprise one ormore antennas, which may be arranged in a dimensional array, e.g. 2D or 3D array, 1780and / or antenna panels. A remote radio head (RRH) may be considered as an exampleof an antenna array. However, in some variants, an RRH may be also be implementedas a network node, depending on the kind of circuitry and / or functionality implementedtherein.Communication circuitry may comprise radio circuitry and / or cable circuitry. Commu- 1785nication circuitry generally may comprise one or more interfaces, which may be air inter-face / s and / or cable interface / s and / or optical interface / s, e.g. laser-based. Interface / sP110626WO01 50 / 78may be in particular packet-based. Cable circuitry and / or a cable interfaces may com-prise, and / or be connected or connectable to, one or more cables (e.g., optical fiber-basedand / or wire-based), which may be directly or indirectly (e.g., via one or more intermedi- 1790ate systems and / or interfaces) be connected or connectable to a target, e.g. controlled bycommunication circuitry and / or processing circuitry.Any one or all of the modules disclosed herein may be implemented in software and / orfirmware and / or hardware. Different modules may be associated to different componentsof a radio node, e.g. different circuitries or different parts of a circuitry. It may be consid- 1795ered that a module is distributed over different components and / or circuitries. A programproduct as described herein may comprise the modules related to a device on which theprogram product is intended (e.g., a user equipment or network node) to be executed (theexecution may be performed on, and / or controlled by the associated circuitry).A wireless communication network may be or comprise a radio access network and / or 1800a backhaul network (e.g. a relay or backhaul network or an IAB network), and / or aRadio Access Network (RAN) in particular according to a communication standard. Acommunication standard may in particular a standard according to 3GPP and / or 5G,e.g. according to NR or LTE, in particular LTE Evolution.A wireless communication network may be and / or comprise a Radio Access Network 1805(RAN), which may be and / or comprise any kind of cellular and / or wireless radio net-work, which may be connected or connectable to a core network. The approaches de-scribed herein are particularly suitable for a 5G network, e.g. LTE Evolution and / or NR(New Radio), respectively successors thereof. A RAN may comprise one or more net-work nodes, and / or one or more terminals, and / or one or more radio nodes. A network 1810node may in particular be a radio node adapted for radio and / or wireless and / or cellularcommunication with one or more terminals. A terminal may be any device adapted forradio and / or wireless and / or cellular communication with or within a RAN, e.g. a userequipment (UE) or mobile phone or smartphone or computing device or vehicular com-munication device or device for machine-type-communication (MTC), etc. A terminal 1815may be mobile, or in some cases stationary. A RAN or a wireless communication networkmay comprise at least one network node and a UE, or at least two radio nodes. Theremay be generally considered a wireless communication network or system, e.g. a RAN orRAN system, comprising at least one radio node, and / or at least one network node andat least one terminal. 1820Transmitting in downlink may pertain to transmission from the network or network nodeto the terminal. Transmitting in uplink may pertain to transmission from the termi-nal to the network or network node. Transmitting in sidelink may pertain to (direct)P110626WO01 51 / 78transmission from one terminal to another. Uplink, downlink and sidelink (e.g., sidelinktransmission and reception) may be considered communication directions. In some vari- 1825ants, uplink and downlink may also be used to described wireless communication betweennetwork nodes, e.g. for wireless backhaul and / or relay communication and / or (wireless)network communication for example between base stations or similar network nodes, inparticular communication terminating at such. It may be considered that backhaul and / orrelay communication and / or network communication is implemented as a form of sidelink 1830or uplink communication or similar thereto.Control information or a control information message or corresponding signalling (con-trol signalling) may be transmitted on a control channel, e.g. a physical control channel,which may be a downlink channel or (or a sidelink channel in some cases, e.g. one UEscheduling another UE). For example, control information / allocation information may be 1835signaled by a network node on PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) and / ora PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) and / or a HARQ-specific channel. Ac-knowledgement signalling, e.g. as a form of control information or signalling like uplinkcontrol information / signalling, may be transmitted by a terminal on a PUCCH (PhysicalUplink Control Channel) and / or PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel) and / or a 1840HARQ-specific channel. Multiple channels may apply for multi-component / multi-carrierindication or signalling.Transmitting acknowledgement signalling may in general be based on and / or in responseto subject transmission, and / or to control signalling scheduling subject transmission.Such control signalling and / or subject signalling may be transmitted by a signalling ra- 1845dio node (which may be a network node, and / or a node associated to it, e.g. in a dualconnectivity scenario. Subject transmission and / or subject signalling may be transmis-sion or signalling to which ACK / NACK or acknowledgement information pertains, e.g.indicating correct or incorrect reception and / or decoding of the subject transmission orsignalling. Subject signalling or transmission may in particular comprise and / or be repre- 1850sented by data signalling, e.g. on a PDSCH or PSSCH, or some forms of control signalling,e.g. on a PDCCH or PSSCH, for example for specific formats.A signalling characteristic may be based on a type or format of a scheduling grant and / orscheduling assignment, and / or type of allocation, and / or timing of acknowledgementsignalling and / or the scheduling grant and / or scheduling assignment, and / or resources 1855associated to acknowledgement signalling and / or the scheduling grant and / or schedul-ing assignment. For example, if a specific format for a scheduling grant (schedulingor allocating the allocated resources) or scheduling assignment (scheduling the subjecttransmission for acknowledgement signalling) is used or detected, the first or second com-P110626WO01 52 / 78munication resource may be used. Type of allocation may pertain to dynamic allocation 1860(e.g., using DCI / PDCCH) or semi-static allocation (e.g., for a configured grant). Timingof acknowledgement signalling may pertain to a slot and / or symbol / s the signalling is tobe transmitted. Resources used for acknowledgement signalling may pertain to the allo-cated resources. Timing and / or resources associated to a scheduling grant or assignmentmay represent a search space or CORESET (a set of resources configured for reception of 1865PDCCH transmissions) in which the grant or assignment is received. Thus, which trans-mission resource to be used may be based on implicit conditions, requiring low signallingoverhead.Scheduling may comprise indicating, e.g. with control signalling like DCI or SCI signallingand / or signalling on a control channel like PDCCH or PSCCH, one or more scheduling 1870opportunities of a configuration intended to carry data signalling or subject signalling.The configuration may be represented or representable by, and / or correspond to, a table.A scheduling assignment may for example point to an opportunity of the reception allo-cation configuration, e.g. indexing a table of scheduling opportunities. In some cases, areception allocation configuration may comprise 15 or 16 scheduling opportunities. The 1875configuration may in particular represent allocation in time. It may be considered that thereception allocation configuration pertains to data signalling, in particular on a physicaldata channel like PDSCH or PSSCH. In general, the reception allocation configurationmay pertain to downlink signalling, or in some scenarios to sidelink signalling. Controlsignalling scheduling subject transmission like data signalling may point and / or index 1880and / or refer to and / or indicate a scheduling opportunity of the reception allocation con-figuration. It may be considered that the reception allocation configuration is configuredor configurable with higher-layer signalling, e.g. RRC or MAC layer signalling. The recep-tion allocation configuration may be applied and / or applicable and / or valid for a pluralityof transmission timing intervals, e.g. such that for each interval, one or more opportu- 1885nities may be indicated or allocated for data signalling. These approaches allow efficientand flexible scheduling, which may be semi-static, but may updated or reconfigured onuseful timescales in response to changes of operation conditions.Control information, e.g., in a control information message, in this context may in par-ticular be implemented as and / or represented by a scheduling assignment, which may 1890indicate subject transmission for feedback (transmission of acknowledgement signalling),and / or reporting timing and / or frequency resources and / or code resources. Reportingtiming may indicate a timing for scheduled acknowledgement signalling, e.g. slot and / orsymbol and / or resource set. Control information may be carried by control signalling.Subject transmissions may comprise one or more individual transmissions. Scheduling as- 1895P110626WO01 53 / 78signments may comprise one or more scheduling assignments. It should generally be notedthat in a distributed system, subject transmissions, configuration and / or scheduling maybe provided by different nodes or devices or transmission points. Different subject trans-missions may be on the same carrier or different carriers (e.g., in a carrier aggregation),and / or same or different bandwidth parts, and / or on the same or different layers or beams, 1900e.g. in a MIMO scenario, and / or to same or different ports. Generally, subject transmis-sions may pertain to different HARQ or ARQ processes (or different sub-processes, e.g. inMIMO with different beams / layers associated to the same process identifier, but differentsub-process-identifiers like swap bits). A scheduling assignment and / or a HARQ code-book may indicate a target HARQ structure. A target HARQ structure may for example 1905indicate an intended HARQ response to a subject transmission, e.g. the number of bitsand / or whether to provide code block group level response or not. However, it should benoted that the actual structure used may differ from the target structure, e.g. due to thetotal size of target structures for a subpattern being larger than the predetermined size.Transmitting acknowledgement signalling, also referred to as transmitting acknowledge- 1910ment information or feedback information or simply as ARQ or HARQ feedback or feed-back or reporting feedback, may comprise, and / or be based on determining correct orincorrect reception of subject transmission / s, e.g. based on error coding and / or based onscheduling assignment / s scheduling the subject transmissions. Transmitting acknowledge-ment information may be based on, and / or comprise, a structure for acknowledgement 1915information to transmit, e.g. the structure of one or more subpatterns, e.g. based onwhich subject transmission is scheduled for an associated subdivision. Transmitting ac-knowledgement information may comprise transmitting corresponding signalling, e.g. atone instance and / or in one message and / or one channel, in particular a physical channel,which may be a control channel. In some cases, the channel may be a shared channel 1920or data channel, e.g. utilising rate-matching of the acknowledgment information. Theacknowledgement information may generally pertain to a plurality of subject transmis-sions, which may be on different channels and / or carriers, and / or may comprise datasignalling and / or control signalling. The acknowledgment information may be based ona codebook, which may be based on one or more size indications and / or assignment 1925indications (representing HARQ structures), which may be received with a plurality ofcontrol signallings and / or control messages, e.g. in the same or different transmissiontiming structures, and / or in the same or different (target) sets of resources. Transmittingacknowledgement information may comprise determining the codebook, e.g. based oncontrol information in one or more control information messages and / or a configuration. 1930A codebook may pertain to transmitting acknowledgement information at a single and / orspecific instant, e.g. a single PUCCH or PUSCH transmission, and / or in one messageP110626WO01 54 / 78or with jointly encoded and / or modulated acknowledgement information. Generally, ac-knowledgment information may be transmitted together with other control information,e.g. a scheduling request and / or measurement information. 1935Acknowledgement signalling may in some cases comprise, next to acknowledgement in-formation, other information, e.g. control information, in particular, uplink or sidelinkcontrol information, like a scheduling request and / or measurement information, or sim-ilar, and / or error detection and / or correction information, respectively associated bits.The payload size of acknowledgement signalling may represent the number of bits of ac- 1940knowledgement information, and / or in some cases the total number of bits carried bythe acknowledgement signalling, and / or the number of resource elements needed. Ac-knowledgement signalling and / or information may pertain to ARQ and / or HARQ pro-cesses; an ARQ process may provide ACK / NACK (and perhaps additional feedback)feedback, and decoding may be performed on each (re-)transmission separately, with- 1945out soft-buffering / soft-combining intermediate data, whereas HARQ may comprise soft-buffering / soft-combining of intermediate data of decoding for one or more (re-)transmissions.Subject transmission may be data signalling or control signalling. The transmission maybe on a shared or dedicated channel. Data signalling may be on a data channel, for exam-ple on a PDSCH or PSSCH, or on a dedicated data channel, e.g. for low latency and / or 1950high reliability, e.g. a URLLC channel. Control signalling may be on a control channel,for example on a common control channel or a PDCCH or PSCCH, and / or comprise oneor more DCI messages or SCI messages. In some cases, the subject transmission may com-prise, or represent, reference signalling. For example, it may comprise DM-RS and / or pilotsignalling and / or discovery signalling and / or sounding signalling and / or phase tracking 1955signalling and / or cell-specific reference signalling and / or user-specific signalling, in par-ticular CSI-RS. A subject transmission may pertain to one scheduling assignment and / orone acknowledgement signalling process (e.g., according to identifier or subidentifier),and / or one subdivision. In some cases, a subject transmission may cross the borders ofsubdivisions in time, e.g. due to being scheduled to start in one subdivision and extending 1960into another, or even crossing over more than one subdivision. In this case, it may beconsidered that the subject transmission is associated to the subdivision it ends in.It may be considered that transmitting acknowledgement information, in particular of ac-knowledgement information, is based on determining whether the subject transmission / shas or have been received correctly, e.g. based on error coding and / or reception quality. 1965Reception quality may for example be based on a determined signal quality. Acknowl-edgement information may generally be transmitted to a signalling radio node and / ornode arrangement and / or to a network and / or network node.P110626WO01 55 / 78Acknowledgement information, or bit / s of a subpattern structure of such information(e.g., an acknowledgement information structure, may represent and / or comprise one or 1970more bits, in particular a pattern of bits. Multiple bits pertaining to a data structureor substructure or message like a control message may be considered a subpattern. Thestructure or arrangement of acknowledgement information may indicate the order, and / ormeaning, and / or mapping, and / or pattern of bits (or subpatterns of bits) of the infor-mation. The structure or mapping may in particular indicate one or more data block 1975structures, e.g. code blocks and / or code block groups and / or transport blocks and / ormessages, e.g. command messages, the acknowledgement information pertains to, and / orwhich bits or subpattern of bits are associated to which data block structure. In somecases, the mapping may pertain to one or more acknowledgement signalling processes, e.g.processes with different identifiers, and / or one or more different data streams. The config- 1980uration or structure or codebook may indicate to which process / es and / or data stream / sthe information pertains. Generally, the acknowledgement information may compriseone or more subpatterns, each of which may pertain to a data block structure, e.g. acode block or code block group or transport block. A subpattern may be arranged toindicate acknowledgement or non-acknowledgement, or another retransmission state like 1985non-scheduling or non-reception, of the associated data block structure. It may be con-sidered that a subpattern comprises one bit, or in some cases more than one bit. It shouldbe noted that acknowledgement information may be subjected to significant processingbefore being transmitted with acknowledgement signalling. Different configurations mayindicate different sizes and / or mapping and / or structures and / or pattern. 1990An acknowledgment signalling process (providing acknowledgment information) may bea HARQ process, and / or be identified by a process identifier, e.g. a HARQ process iden-tifier or sub-identifier. Acknowledgement signalling and / or associated acknowledgementinformation may be referred to as feedback or acknowledgement feedback. It should benoted that data blocks or structures to which subpatterns may pertain may be intended 1995to carry data (e.g., information and / or systemic and / or coding bits). However, dependingon transmission conditions, such data may be received or not received (or not receivedcorrectly), which may be indicated correspondingly in the feedback. In some cases, asubpattern of acknowledgement signalling may comprise padding bits, e.g. if the ac-knowledgement information for a data block requires fewer bits than indicated as size of 2000the subpattern. Such may for example happen if the size is indicated by a unit size largerthan required for the feedback.Acknowledgment information may generally indicate at least ACK or NACK, e.g. per-taining to an acknowledgment signalling process, or an element of a data block structurelike a data block, subblock group or subblock, or a message, in particular a control mes- 2005P110626WO01 56 / 78sage. Generally, to an acknowledgment signalling process there may be associated onespecific subpattern and / or a data block structure, for which acknowledgment informationmay be provided. Acknowledgement information may comprise a plurality of pieces ofinformation, represented in a plurality of ARQ and / or HARQ structures.An acknowledgment signalling process may determine correct or incorrect reception, 2010and / or corresponding acknowledgement information, of a data block like a transportblock, and / or substructures thereof, based on coding bits associated to the data block,and / or based on coding bits associated to one or more data block and / or subblocksand / or subblock group / s. Acknowledgement information (determined by an acknowl-edgement signalling process) may pertain to the data block as a whole, and / or to one 2015or more subblocks or subblock groups. A code block may be considered an example ofa subblock, whereas a code block group may be considered an example of a subblockgroup. Accordingly, the associated subpattern may comprise one or more bits indicatingreception status or feedback of the data block, and / or one or more bits indicating recep-tion status or feedback of one or more subblocks or subblock groups. Each subpattern 2020or bit of the subpattern may be associated and / or mapped to a specific data block orsubblock or subblock group. In some variants, correct reception for a data block may beindicated if all subblocks or subblock groups are correctly identified. In such a case, thesubpattern may represent acknowledgement information for the data block as a whole,reducing overhead in comparison to provide acknowledgement information for the sub- 2025blocks or subblock groups. The smallest structure (e.g. subblock / subblock group / datablock) the subpattern provides acknowledgement information for and / or is associated tomay be considered its (highest) resolution. In some variants, a subpattern may provideacknowledgment information regarding several elements of a data block structure and / orat different resolution, e.g. to allow more specific error detection. For example, even if 2030a subpattern indicates acknowledgment signalling pertaining to a data block as a whole,in some variants higher resolution (e.g., subblock or subblock group resolution) may beprovided by the subpattern. A subpattern may generally comprise one or more bits indi-cating ACK / NACK for a data block, and / or one or more bits for indicating ACK / NACKfor a subblock or subblock group, or for more than one subblock or subblock group. 2035A subblock and / or subblock group may comprise information bits (representing the datato be transmitted, e.g. user data and / or downlink / sidelink data or uplink data). It may beconsidered that a data block and / or subblock and / or subblock group also comprises errorone or more error detection bits, which may pertain to, and / or be determined based on,the information bits (for a subblock group, the error detection bit / s may be determined 2040based on the information bits and / or error detection bits and / or error correction bits of thesubblock / s of the subblock group). A data block or substructure like subblock or subblockP110626WO01 57 / 78group may comprise error correction bits, which may in particular be determined basedon the information bits and error detection bits of the block or substructure, e.g. utilisingan error correction coding scheme, in particular for forward error correction (FEC), e.g. 2045LDPC or polar coding and / or turbo coding. Generally, the error correction coding of adata block structure (and / or associated bits) may cover and / or pertain to information bitsand error detection bits of the structure. A subblock group may represent a combination ofone or more code blocks, respectively the corresponding bits. A data block may representa code block or code block group, or a combination of more than one code block groups. 2050A transport block may be split up in code blocks and / or code block groups, for examplebased on the bit size of the information bits of a higher layer data structure providedfor error coding and / or size requirements or preferences for error coding, in particularerror correction coding. Such a higher layer data structure is sometimes also referred toas transport block, which in this context represents information bits without the error 2055coding bits described herein, although higher layer error handling information may beincluded, e.g. for an internet protocol like TCP. However, such error handling informationrepresents information bits in the context of this disclosure, as the acknowledgementsignalling procedures described treat it accordingly.In some variants, a subblock like a code block may comprise error correction bits, which 2060may be determined based on the information bit / s and / or error detection bit / s of thesubblock. An error correction coding scheme may be used for determining the error cor-rection bits, e.g. based on LDPC or polar coding or Reed-Mueller coding. In some cases,a subblock or code block may be considered to be defined as a block or pattern of bitscomprising information bits, error detection bit / s determined based on the information 2065bits, and error correction bit / s determined based on the information bits and / or errordetection bit / s. It may be considered that in a subblock, e.g. code block, the informationbits (and possibly the error correction bit / s) are protected and / or covered by the errorcorrection scheme or corresponding error correction bit / s. A code block group may com-prise one or more code blocks. In some variants, no additional error detection bits and / or 2070error correction bits are applied, however, it may be considered to apply either or both. Atransport block may comprise one or more code block groups. It may be considered thatno additional error detection bits and / or error correction bits are applied to a transportblock, however, it may be considered to apply either or both. In some specific variants,the code block group / s comprise no additional layers of error detection or correction cod- 2075ing, and the transport block may comprise only additional error detection coding bits,but no additional error correction coding. This may particularly be true if the transportblock size is larger than the code block size and / or the maximum size for error correctioncoding. A subpattern of acknowledgement signalling (in particular indicating ACK orP110626WO01 58 / 78NACK) may pertain to a code block, e.g. indicating whether the code block has been 2080correctly received. It may be considered that a subpattern pertains to a subgroup like acode block group or a data block like a transport block. In such cases, it may indicateACK, if all subblocks or code blocks of the group or data / transport block are receivedcorrectly (e.g. based on a logical AND operation), and NACK or another state of non-correct reception if at least one subblock or code block has not been correctly received. It 2085should be noted that a code block may be considered to be correctly received not only ifit actually has been correctly received, but also if it can be correctly reconstructed basedon soft-combining and / or the error correction coding.A subpattern / HARQ structure may pertain to one acknowledgement signalling processand / or one carrier like a component carrier and / or data block structure or data block. It 2090may in particular be considered that one (e.g. specific and / or single) subpattern pertains,e.g. is mapped by the codebook, to one (e.g., specific and / or single) acknowledgementsignalling process, e.g. a specific and / or single HARQ process. It may be consideredthat in the bit pattern, subpatterns are mapped to acknowledgement signalling processesand / or data blocks or data block structures on a one-to-one basis. In some variants, there 2095may be multiple subpatterns (and / or associated acknowledgment signalling processes)associated to the same component carrier, e.g. if multiple data streams transmittedon the carrier are subject to acknowledgement signalling processes. A subpattern maycomprise one or more bits, the number of which may be considered to represent its sizeor bit size. Different bit n-tupels (n being 1 or larger) of a subpattern may be associated 2100to different elements of a data block structure (e.g., data block or subblock or subblockgroup), and / or represent different resolutions. There may be considered variants in whichonly one resolution is represented by a bit pattern, e.g. a data block. A bit n-tupelmay represent acknowledgement information (also referred to a feedback), in particularACK or NACK, and optionally, (if n¿1), may represent DTX / DRX or other reception 2105states. ACK / NACK may be represented by one bit, or by more than one bit, e.g. toimprove disambiguity of bit sequences representing ACK or NACK, and / or to improvetransmission reliability.The acknowledgement information or feedback information may pertain to a pluralityof different transmissions, which may be associated to and / or represented by data block 2110structures, respectively the associated data blocks or data signalling. The data blockstructures, and / or the corresponding blocks and / or signalling, may be scheduled for si-multaneous transmission, e.g. for the same transmission timing structure, in particularwithin the same slot or subframe, and / or on the same symbol / s. However, alternativeswith scheduling for non-simultaneous transmission may be considered. For example, the 2115acknowledgment information may pertain to data blocks scheduled for different trans-P110626WO01 59 / 78mission timing structures, e.g. different slots (or mini-slots, or slots and mini-slots) orsimilar, which may correspondingly be received (or not or wrongly received). Schedul-ing signalling may generally comprise indicating resources, e.g. time and / or frequencyresources, for example for receiving or transmitting the scheduled signalling. 2120signalling may generally be considered to represent an electromagnetic wave structure(e.g., over a time interval and frequency interval), which is intended to convey informa-tion to at least one specific or generic (e.g., anyone who might pick up the signalling)target. A process of signalling may comprise transmitting the signalling. Transmittingsignalling, in particular control signalling or communication signalling, e.g. comprising 2125or representing acknowledgement signalling and / or resource requesting information, maycomprise encoding and / or modulating. Encoding and / or modulating may comprise errordetection coding and / or forward error correction encoding and / or scrambling. Receivingcontrol signalling may comprise corresponding decoding and / or demodulation. Error de-tection coding may comprise, and / or be based on, parity or checksum approaches, e.g. 2130CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check). Forward error correction coding may comprise and / orbe based on for example turbo coding and / or Reed-Muller coding, and / or polar codingand / or LDPC coding (Low Density Parity Check). The type of coding used may be basedon the channel (e.g., physical channel) the coded signal is associated to. A code rate mayrepresent the ratio of the number of information bits before encoding to the number of 2135encoded bits after encoding, considering that encoding adds coding bits for error detec-tion coding and forward error correction. Coded bits may refer to information bits (alsocalled systematic bits) plus coding bits.Communication signalling may comprise, and / or represent, and / or be implemented as,data signalling, and / or user plane signalling. Communication signalling may be associated 2140to a data channel, e.g. a physical downlink channel or physical uplink channel or physicalsidelink channel, in particular a PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) or PSSCH(Physical Sidelink Shared Channel). Generally, a data channel may be a shared channelor a dedicated channel. Data signalling may be signalling associated to and / or on a datachannel. 2145An indication generally may explicitly and / or implicitly indicate the information it rep-resents and / or indicates. Implicit indication may for example be based on positionand / or resource used for transmission. Explicit indication may for example be basedon a parametrisation with one or more parameters, and / or one or more index or indices,and / or one or more bit patterns representing the information. It may in particular be con- 2150sidered that control signalling as described herein, based on the utilised resource sequence,implicitly indicates the control signalling type.P110626WO01 60 / 78A resource element may generally describe the smallest individually usable and / or en-codable and / or decodable and / or modulatable and / or demodulatable time-frequency re-source, and / or may describe a time-frequency resource covering a symbol time length in 2155time and a subcarrier in frequency. A signal may be allocatable and / or allocated to aresource element. A subcarrier may be a subband of a carrier, e.g. as defined by a stan-dard. A carrier may define a frequency and / or frequency band for transmission and / orreception. In some variants, a signal (jointly encoded / modulated) may cover more thanone resource elements. A resource element may generally be as defined by a correspond- 2160ing standard, e.g. NR or LTE. As symbol time length and / or subcarrier spacing (and / ornumerology) may be different between different symbols and / or subcarriers, different re-source elements may have different extension (length / width) in time and / or frequencydomain, in particular resource elements pertaining to different carriers.A resource generally may represent a time-frequency and / or code resource, on which 2165signalling, e.g. according to a specific format, may be communicated, for example trans-mitted and / or received, and / or be intended for transmission and / or reception.A border symbol may generally represent a starting symbol or an ending symbol fortransmitting and / or receiving. A starting symbol may in particular be a starting symbolof uplink or sidelink signalling, for example control signalling or data signalling. Such 2170signalling may be on a data channel or control channel, e.g. a physical channel, inparticular a physical uplink shared channel (like PUSCH) or a sidelink data or sharedchannel, or a physical uplink control channel (like PUCCH) or a sidelink control channel.If the starting symbol is associated to control signalling (e.g., on a control channel), thecontrol signalling may be in response to received signalling (in sidelink or downlink), e.g. 2175representing acknowledgement signalling associated thereto, which may be HARQ or ARQsignalling. An ending symbol may represent an ending symbol (in time) of downlink orsidelink transmission or signalling, which may be intended or scheduled for the radio nodeor user equipment. Such downlink signalling may in particular be data signalling, e.g.on a physical downlink channel like a shared channel, e.g. a PDSCH (Physical Downlink 2180Shared Channel). A starting symbol may be determined based on, and / or in relation to,such an ending symbol.Configuring a radio node, in particular a terminal or user equipment, may refer to theradio node being adapted or caused or set and / or instructed to operate according to theconfiguration. Configuring may be done by another device, e.g., a network node (for 2185example, a radio node of the network like a base station or eNodeB) or network, in whichcase it may comprise transmitting configuration data to the radio node to be configured.Such configuration data may represent the configuration to be configured and / or compriseP110626WO01 61 / 78one or more instruction pertaining to a configuration, e .g. a configuration for transmittingand / or receiving on allocated resources, in particular frequency resources. A radio node 2190 may configure itself, e.g., based on configuration data received from a network or network node. A network node may utilise, and / or be adapted to utilise, its circuitry / ies forconfiguring. A llocation i nformation m ay b e c onsidered a f orm o f c onfiguration data.Configuration d ata m ay c omprise a nd / or b e r epresented b y c onfiguration information,and / or one or more corresponding indications and / or message / s 2195 Generally, configuring may include determining configuration data representing the con-figuration and providing, e .g. transmitting, it to one or more other nodes (parallel and / orsequentially), which may transmit it further to the radio node (or another node, which may be repeated until it reaches the wireless device). Alternatively, or additionally, con-figuring a r adio n ode, e .g., b y a n etwork n ode o r o ther d evice, m ay i nclude receiving2200 configuration data and / or data pertaining to configuration data, e.g., from another node like a network node, which may be a higher-level node of the network, and / or transmittingreceived configuration data to the radio n ode. Accordingly, determining a configurationand transmitting the configuration data to the radio node may be performed by different network nodes or entities, which may be able to communicate via a suitable interface, e.g., 2205 an X2 interface in the case of LTE or a corresponding interface for NR. Configuring a terminal may comprise scheduling downlink and / or uplink transmissions for the terminal, e.g. downlink data and / or downlink control signalling and / or DCI and / or uplink control or data or communication signalling, in particular acknowledgement signalling, and / orconfiguring resources and / or a resource pool therefor.2210 A resource structure may be considered to be neighboured in frequency domain by an- other resource structure, if they share a common border frequency, e.g. one as an upper frequency border and the other as a lower frequency border. Such a border may for ex- ample be represented by the upper end of a bandwidth assigned to a subcarrier n, which also represents the lower end of a bandwidth assigned to a subcarrier n+1. A resource 2215 structure may be considered to be neighboured in time domain by another resource struc- ture, if they share a common border time, e.g. one as an upper (or right in the figures)border and the other as a lower (or left in the figures) b order. S uch a b order may forexample be represented by the end of the symbol time interval assigned to a symbol n, which also represents the beginning of a symbol time interval assigned to a symbol n+1. 2220 Generally, a resource structure being neighboured by another resource structure in a domain may also be referred to as abutting and / or bordering the other resource structure in the domain. A resource structure may general represent a structure in time and / or frequency domain, P110626WO01 62 / 78in particular representing a time interval and a frequency interval. A resource structure 2225may comprise and / or be comprised of resource elements, and / or the time interval of aresource structure may comprise and / or be comprised of symbol time interval / s, and / orthe frequency interval of a resource structure may comprise and / or be comprised of sub-carrier / s. A resource element may be considered an example for a resource structure, aslot or mini-slot or a Physical Resource Block (PRB) or parts thereof may be considered 2230others. A resource structure may be associated to a specific channel, e.g. a PUSCH orPUCCH, in particular resource structure smaller than a slot or PRB.Examples of a resource structure in frequency domain comprise a bandwidth or band, ora bandwidth part. A bandwidth part may be a part of a bandwidth available for a radionode for communicating, e.g. due to circuitry and / or configuration and / or regulations 2235and / or a standard. A bandwidth part may be configured or configurable to a radionode. In some variants, a bandwidth part may be the part of a bandwidth used forcommunicating, e.g. transmitting and / or receiving, by a radio node. The bandwidthpart may be smaller than the bandwidth (which may be a device bandwidth defined bythe circuitry / configuration of a device, and / or a system bandwidth, e.g. available for a 2240RAN). It may be considered that a bandwidth part comprises one or more resource blocksor resource block groups, in particular one or more PRBs or PRB groups. A bandwidthpart may pertain to, and / or comprise, one or more carriers.A carrier may generally represent a frequency range or band and / or pertain to a centralfrequency and an associated frequency interval. It may be considered that a carrier com- 2245prises a plurality of subcarriers. A carrier may have assigned to it a central frequency orcenter frequency interval, e.g. represented by one or more subcarriers (to each subcarrierthere may be generally assigned a frequency bandwidth or interval). Different carriersmay be non-overlapping, and / or may be neighbouring in frequency domain.It should be noted that the term “radio” in this disclosure may be considered to pertain to 2250wireless communication in general, and may also include wireless communication utilisingmillimeter waves, in particular above one of the thresholds 10 GHz or 20 GHz or 50 GHz or52 GHz or 52.6 GHz or 60 GHz or 72 GHz or 100 GHz or 114 GHz. Such communicationmay utilise one or more carriers, e.g. in FDD and / or carrier aggregation. Upper frequencyboundaries may correspond to 300 GHz or 200 GHz or 120 GHz or any of the thresholds 2255larger than the one representing the lower frequency boundary.A radio node, in particular a network node or a terminal, may generally be any deviceadapted for transmitting and / or receiving radio and / or wireless signals and / or data, inparticular communication data, in particular on at least one carrier. The at least onecarrier may comprise a carrier accessed based on an LBT procedure (which may be called 2260P110626WO01 63 / 78LBT carrier), e.g., an unlicensed carrier. It may be considered that the carrier is part ofa carrier aggregate.Receiving or transmitting on a cell or carrier may refer to receiving or transmitting utiliz-ing a frequency (band) or spectrum associated to the cell or carrier. A cell may generallycomprise and / or be defined by or for one or more carriers, in particular at least one car- 2265rier for UL communication / transmission (called UL carrier) and at least one carrier forDL communication / transmission (called DL carrier). It may be considered that a cellcomprises different numbers of UL carriers and DL carriers. Alternatively, or addition-ally, a cell may comprise at least one carrier for UL communication / transmission and DLcommunication / transmission, e.g., in TDD-based approaches. 2270A channel may generally be a logical, transport or physical channel. A channel may com-prise and / or be arranged on one or more carriers, in particular a plurality of subcarriers.A channel carrying and / or for carrying control signalling / control information may be con-sidered a control channel, in particular if it is a physical layer channel and / or if it carriescontrol plane information. Analogously, a channel carrying and / or for carrying data sig- 2275nalling / user information may be considered a data channel, in particular if it is a physicallayer channel and / or if it carries user plane information. A channel may be defined fora specific communication direction, or for two complementary communication directions(e.g., UL and DL, or sidelink in two directions), in which case it may be considered tohave two component channels, one for each direction. Examples of channels comprise a 2280channel for low latency and / or high reliability transmission, in particular a channel forUltra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC), which may be for control and / ordata.In general, a symbol may represent and / or be associated to a symbol time length, whichmay be dependent on the carrier and / or subcarrier spacing and / or numerology of the 2285associated carrier. Accordingly, a symbol may be considered to indicate a time intervalhaving a symbol time length in relation to frequency domain. A symbol time lengthmay be dependent on a carrier frequency and / or bandwidth and / or numerology and / orsubcarrier spacing of, or associated to, a symbol. Accordingly, different symbols mayhave different symbol time lengths. In particular, numerologies with different subcarrier 2290spacings may have different symbol time length. Generally, a symbol time length may bebased on, and / or include, a guard time interval or cyclic extension, e.g. prefix or postfix.A sidelink may generally represent a communication channel (or channel structure) be-tween two UEs and / or terminals, in which data is transmitted between the participants(UEs and / or terminals) via the communication channel, e.g. directly and / or without 2295being relayed via a network node. A sidelink may be established only and / or directly viaP110626WO01 64 / 78air interface / s of the participant, which may be directly linked via the sidelink commu-nication channel. In some variants, sidelink communication may be performed withoutinteraction by a network node, e.g. on fixedly defined resources and / or on resources ne-gotiated between the participants. Alternatively, or additionally, it may be considered 2300that a network node provides some control functionality, e.g. by configuring resources, inparticular one or more resource pool / s, for sidelink communication, and / or monitoring asidelink, e.g. for charging purposes.Sidelink communication may also be referred to as device-to-device (D2D) communication,and / or in some cases as ProSe (Proximity Services) communication, e.g. in the context 2305of LTE. A sidelink may be implemented in the context of V2x communication (Vehicularcommunication), e.g. V2V (Vehicle-to-Vehicle), V2I (Vehicle-to-Infrastructure) and / orV2P (Vehicle-to-Person). Any device adapted for sidelink communication may be consid-ered a user equipment or terminal.A sidelink communication channel (or structure) may comprise one or more (e.g., physical 2310or logical) channels, e.g. a PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control CHannel, which may forexample carry control information like an acknowledgement position indication, and / ora PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared CHannel, which for example may carry data and / oracknowledgement signalling). It may be considered that a sidelink communication channel(or structure) pertains to and / or used one or more carrier / s and / or frequency range / s 2315associated to, and / or being used by, cellular communication, e.g. according to a specificlicense and / or standard. Participants may share a (physical) channel and / or resources,in particular in frequency domain and / or related to a frequency resource like a carrier)of a sidelink, such that two or more participants transmit thereon, e.g. simultaneously,and / or time-shifted, and / or there may be associated specific channels and / or resources 2320to specific participants, so that for example only one participant transmits on a specificchannel or on a specific resource or specific resources, e.g., in frequency domain and / orrelated to one or more carriers or subcarriers.A sidelink may comply with, and / or be implemented according to, a specific standard,e.g. an LTE-based standard and / or NR. A sidelink may utilise TDD (Time Division 2325Duplex) and / or FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) technology, e.g. as configured by anetwork node, and / or preconfigured and / or negotiated between the participants. A userequipment may be considered to be adapted for sidelink communication if it, and / or itsradio circuitry and / or processing circuitry, is adapted for utilising a sidelink, e.g. on oneor more frequency ranges and / or carriers and / or in one or more formats, in particular 2330according to a specific standard. It may be generally considered that a Radio AccessNetwork is defined by two participants of a sidelink communication. Alternatively, orP110626WO01 65 / 78additionally, a Radio Access Network may be represented, and / or defined with, and / orbe related to a network node and / or communication with such a node.Communication or communicating may generally comprise transmitting and / or receiv- 2335ing signalling. Communication on a sidelink (or sidelink signalling) may comprise util-ising the sidelink for communication (respectively, for signalling). Sidelink transmissionand / or transmitting on a sidelink may be considered to comprise transmission utilising thesidelink, e.g. associated resources and / or transmission formats and / or circuitry and / orthe air interface. Sidelink reception and / or receiving on a sidelink may be considered 2340to comprise reception utilising the sidelink, e.g. associated resources and / or transmis-sion formats and / or circuitry and / or the air interface. Sidelink control information (e.g.,SCI) may generally be considered to comprise control information transmitted utilising asidelink.Generally, carrier aggregation (CA) may refer to the concept of a radio connection and / or 2345communication link between a wireless and / or cellular communication network and / ornetwork node and a terminal or on a sidelink comprising a plurality of carriers for at leastone direction of transmission (e.g. DL and / or UL), as well as to the aggregate of carriers.A corresponding communication link may be referred to as carrier aggregated communi-cation link or CA communication link; carriers in a carrier aggregate may be referred to 2350as component carriers (CC). In such a link, data may be transmitted over more than oneof the carriers and / or all the carriers of the carrier aggregation (the aggregate of carri-ers). A carrier aggregation may comprise one (or more) dedicated control carriers and / orprimary carriers (which may e.g. be referred to as primary component carrier or PCC),over which control information may be transmitted, wherein the control information may 2355refer to the primary carrier and other carriers, which may be referred to as secondarycarriers (or secondary component carrier, SCC). However, in some approaches, controlinformation may be sent over more than one carrier of an aggregate, e.g. one or morePCCs and one PCC and one or more SCCs.A transmission may generally pertain to a specific channel and / or specific resources, 2360in particular with a starting symbol and ending symbol in time, covering the intervaltherebetween. A scheduled transmission may be a transmission scheduled and / or expectedand / or for which resources are scheduled or provided or reserved. However, not everyscheduled transmission has to be realized. For example, a scheduled downlink transmissionmay not be received, or a scheduled uplink transmission may not be transmitted due to 2365power limitations, or other influences (e.g., a channel on an unlicensed carrier beingoccupied). A transmission may be scheduled for a transmission timing substructure (e.g.,a mini-slot, and / or covering only a part of a transmission timing structure) within aP110626WO01 66 / 78transmission timing structure like a slot. A border symbol may be indicative of a symbolin the transmission timing structure at which the transmission starts or ends. 2370Predefined in the context of this disclosure may refer to the related information beingdefined for example in a standard, and / or being available without specific configurationfrom a network or network node, e.g. stored in memory, for example independent of beingconfigured. Configured or configurable may be considered to pertain to the correspondinginformation being set / configured, e.g. by the network or a network node. 2375A configuration or schedule, like a mini-slot configuration and / or structure configuration,may schedule transmissions, e.g. for the time / transmissions it is valid, and / or transmis-sions may be scheduled by separate signalling or separate configuration, e.g. separate RRCsignalling and / or downlink control information signalling. The transmission / s scheduledmay represent signalling to be transmitted by the device for which it is scheduled, or 2380signalling to be received by the device for which it is scheduled, depending on which sideof a communication the device is. It should be noted that downlink control informationor specifically DCI signalling may be considered physical layer signalling, in contrast tohigher layer signalling like MAC (Medium Access Control) signalling or RRC layer sig-nalling. The higher the layer of signalling is, the less frequent / the more time / resource 2385consuming it may be considered, at least partially due to the information contained in suchsignalling having to be passed on through several layers, each layer requiring processingand handling.A scheduled transmission, and / or transmission timing structure like a mini-slot or slot,may pertain to a specific channel, in particular a physical uplink shared channel, a physical 2390uplink control channel, or a physical downlink shared channel, e.g. PUSCH, PUCCH orPDSCH, and / or may pertain to a specific cell and / or carrier aggregation. A correspond-ing configuration, e.g. scheduling configuration or symbol configuration may pertain tosuch channel, cell and / or carrier aggregation. It may be considered that the scheduledtransmission represents transmission on a physical channel, in particular a shared phys- 2395ical channel, for example a physical uplink shared channel or physical downlink sharedchannel. For such channels, semi-persistent configuring may be particularly suitable.Generally, a configuration may be a configuration indicating timing, and / or be representedor configured with corresponding configuration data. A configuration may be embeddedin, and / or comprised in, a message or configuration or corresponding data, which may 2400indicate and / or schedule resources, in particular semi-persistently and / or semi-statically.A control region of a transmission timing structure may be an interval in time and / orfrequency domain for intended or scheduled or reserved for control signalling, in particularP110626WO01 67 / 78downlink control signalling, and / or for a specific control channel, e.g. a physical downlinkcontrol channel like PDCCH. The interval may comprise, and / or consist of, a number of 2405symbols in time, which may be configured or configurable, e.g. by (UE-specific) dedicatedsignalling (which may be single-cast, for example addressed to or intended for a specificUE), e.g. on a PDCCH, or RRC signalling, or on a multicast or broadcast channel.In general, the transmission timing structure may comprise a control region covering aconfigurable number of symbols. It may be considered that in general the border symbol is 2410configured to be after the control region in time. A control region may be associated, e.g.via configuration and / or determination, to one or more specific UEs and / or formats ofPDCCH and / or DCI and / or identifiers, e.g. UE identifiers and / or RNTIs or carrier / cellidentifiers, and / or be represented and / or associated to a CORESET and / or a searchspace. 2415The duration of a symbol (symbol time length or interval) of the transmission timingstructure may generally be dependent on a numerology and / or carrier, wherein the nu-merology and / or carrier may be configurable. The numerology may be the numerologyto be used for the scheduled transmission.System information signalling may comprise and / or represent signalling indicating one or 2420more system parameters, in particular timing and / or synchronisation, and / or numerol-ogy and / or a system identity (e.g. beam identity and / or cell ID and / or node ID and / ornetwork ID). System information signalling may comprise broadcast signalling or multi-cast signalling; it may be beam-formed signalling, or non-beam-formed. In some cases,system information signalling may comprise synchronisation signalling, e.g. PSS and / or 2425SSS, and / or reference signalling, e.g. DM-RS, and / or data signalling, e.g. on a broad-cast channel like PBCH, or on a data channel like PDSCH, e.g. suitable for broadcastor multicast, or scrambled with an ID provided in earlier signalling or predefined in astandard. Such data signalling may comprise encoded information, e.g. with error detec-tion coding and / or error correction coding. System information signalling may comprise 2430System Information, e.g. a Master Information Block (MIB) and / or one or more SystemInformation Blocks (SIB). System information signalling may be carried on a SSB beam;in some cases, different parts of system information may be transmitted in different sig-nallings. For example, a MIB may be transmitted with signalling on a broadcast channellike PBCH and / or with synchronisation signalling (like a SSB), while a SIB1 or other 2435SIBn may be transmitted on a data channel, e.g. a PDSCH, which may be scheduledwith a corresponding control channel message like a DCI (such transmission may maysinglecast, multi-cast / groupcast, or broadcast).A transmission timing structure may comprise a plurality of symbols, and / or define anP110626WO01 68 / 78interval comprising several symbols (respectively their associated time intervals). In the 2440context of this disclosure, it should be noted that a reference to a symbol for ease of ref-erence may be interpreted to refer to the time domain projection or time interval or timecomponent or duration or length in time of the symbol, unless it is clear from the contextthat the frequency domain component also has to be considered. Examples of transmis-sion timing structures include slot, subframe, mini-slot (which also may be considered a 2445substructure of a slot), slot aggregation (which may comprise a plurality of slots and maybe considered a superstructure of a slot), respectively their time domain component. Atransmission timing structure may generally comprise a plurality of symbols defining thetime domain extension (e.g., interval or length or duration) of the transmission timingstructure, and arranged neighboring to each other in a numbered sequence. A timing 2450structure (which may also be considered or implemented as synchronisation structure)may be defined by a succession of such transmission timing structures, which may forexample define a timing grid with symbols representing the smallest grid structures. Atransmission timing structure, and / or a border symbol or a scheduled transmission maybe determined or scheduled in relation to such a timing grid. A transmission timing 2455structure of reception may be the transmission timing structure in which the schedulingcontrol signalling is received, e.g. in relation to the timing grid. A transmission timingstructure may in particular be a slot or subframe or in some cases, a mini-slot.Feedback signalling may be considered a form or control signalling, e.g. uplink or sidelinkcontrol signalling, like UCI (Uplink Control Information) signalling or SCI (Sidelink Con- 2460trol Information) signalling. Feedback signalling may in particular comprise and / or rep-resent acknowledgement signalling and / or acknowledgement information and / or measure-ment reporting.Signalling utilising, and / or on and / or associated to, resources or a resource structure maybe signalling covering the resources or structure, signalling on the associated frequency / ies 2465and / or in the associated time interval / s. It may be considered that a signalling resourcestructure comprises and / or encompasses one or more substructures, which may be as-sociated to one or more different channels and / or types of signalling and / or compriseone or more holes (resource element / s not scheduled for transmissions or reception oftransmissions). A resource substructure, e.g. a feedback resource structure, may gener- 2470ally be continuous in time and / or frequency, within the associated intervals. It may beconsidered that a substructure, in particular a feedback resource structure, represents arectangle filled with one or more resource elements in time / frequency space. However,in some cases, a resource structure or substructure, in particular a frequency resourcerange, may represent a non-continuous pattern of resources in one or more domains, e.g. 2475time and / or frequency. The resource elements of a substructure may be scheduled forP110626WO01 69 / 78associated signalling.Example types of signalling comprise signalling of a specific communication direction, inparticular, uplink signalling, downlink signalling, sidelink signalling, as well as referencesignalling (e.g., SRS or CRS or CSI-RS), communication signalling, control signalling, 2480and / or signalling associated to a specific channel like PUSCH, PDSCH, PUCCH, PDCCH,PSCCH, PSSCH, etc.).In the context of this disclosure, there may be distinguished between dynamically sched-uled or aperiodic transmission and / or configuration, and semi-static or semi-persistent orperiodic transmission and / or configuration. The term “dynamic” or similar terms may 2485generally pertain to configuration / transmission valid and / or scheduled and / or configuredfor (relatively) short timescales and / or a (e.g., predefined and / or configured and / or lim-ited and / or definite) number of occurrences and / or transmission timing structures, e.g.one or more transmission timing structures like slots or slot aggregations, and / or for oneor more (e.g., specific number) of transmission / occurrences. Dynamic configuration may 2490be based on low-level signalling, e.g. control signalling on the physical layer and / or MAClayer, in particular in the form of DCI or SCI. Periodic / semi-static may pertain to longertimescales, e.g. several slots and / or more than one frame, and / or a non-defined numberof occurrences, e.g., until a dynamic configuration contradicts, or until a new periodicconfiguration arrives. A periodic or semi-static configuration may be based on, and / or be 2495configured with, higher-layer signalling, in particular RCL layer signalling and / or RRCsignalling and / or MAC signalling.In this disclosure, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are setforth (such as particular network functions, processes and signalling steps) in order toprovide a thorough understanding of the technique presented herein. It will be apparent 2500to one skilled in the art that the present concepts and aspects may be practised in othervariants and variants that depart from these specific details.For example, the concepts and variants are partially described in the context of LongTerm Evolution (LTE) or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) or New Radio mobile or wireless com-munications technologies; however, this does not rule out the use of the present concepts 2505and aspects in connection with additional or alternative mobile communication technolo-gies such as the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) or IEEE standards asIEEE 802.11ad or IEEE 802.11 ay. While described variants may pertain to certain Tech-nical Specifications (TSs) of the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), it will beappreciated that the present approaches, concepts and aspects could also be realized in 2510connection with different Performance Management (PM) specifications.P110626WO01 70 / 78Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the services, functions and stepsexplained herein may be implemented using software functioning in conjunction with aprogrammed microprocessor, or using an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC),a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or general 2515purpose computer. It will also be appreciated that while the variants described hereinare elucidated in the context of methods and devices, the concepts and aspects presentedherein may also be embodied in a program product as well as in a system comprisingcontrol circuitry, e.g. a computer processor and a memory coupled to the processor,wherein the memory is encoded with one or more programs or program products that 2520execute the services, functions and steps disclosed herein.It is believed that the advantages of the aspects and variants presented herein will be fullyunderstood from the foregoing description, and it will be apparent that various changesmay be made in the form, constructions and arrangement of the exemplary aspects thereofwithout departing from the scope of the concepts and aspects described herein or without 2525sacrificing all of its advantageous effects. The aspects presented herein can be varied inmany ways.P110626WO01 71 / 78Some useful abbreviations compriseAbbreviation ExplanationABF Analog beamformer, fanout to antenna+beamformingACK / NACK Acknowledgment / Negative AcknowledgementAnt AntennaARQ Automatic Repeat reQuestBB BaseBandBeamindex IF beamindex interfaceBER Bit Error RateBI Beam IndexBLER Block Error RateBPSK Binary Phase Shift KeyingBWP BandWidth PartCAZAC Constant Amplitude Zero Cross CorrelationCB Code BlockCBB Code Block BundleCBG Code Block GroupCDM Code Division MultiplexCE Control Element, in particular for the MAC layerCM Cubic MetricComm RXBB communication receiver basebandCORESET Control Resource SetCP Cyclic PrefixCP rem CP removalCQI Channel Quality InformationCRC Cyclic Redundancy CheckCRS Common reference signalCSI Channel State InformationCSI-RS Channel state information reference signalDAI Downlink Assignment IndicatorDCI Downlink Control InformationDFE Digital FrontendDFT Discrete Fourier TransformDFTS-FDM DFT-spread-FDMDM(-)RS Demodulation reference signal(ing)eMBB enhanced Mobile BroadBandFDD Frequency Division DuplexP110626WO01 72 / 78FDE Frequency Domain EqualisationFDF Frequency Domain FilteringFDM Frequency Division MultiplexFFT Fast Fourier TransformGPIO General Purpose Input OutputHARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat RequestIAB Integrated Access and BackhaulIE Information Element, in particular for RRC layerIFFT Inverse Fast Fourier TransformIm Imaginary part, e.g. for pi / 2*BPSK modulationIR Impulse ResponseISI Inter Symbol InterferenceJCAS Joint Communication and SensingMBB Mobile BroadbandMCS Modulation and Coding SchemeMIMO Multiple-input-multiple-outputMRC Maximum-ratio combiningMRT Maximum-ratio transmissionMU-MIMO Multiuser multiple-input-multiple-outputOFDM / A Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex / Multiple AccessPAPR Peak to Average Power RatioPDCCH Physical Downlink Control ChannelPDSCH Physical Downlink Shared ChannelPRACH Physical Random Access CHannelPRB Physical Resource BlockPUCCH Physical Uplink Control ChannelPUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel(P)SCCH (Physical) Sidelink Control ChannelPSS Primary Synchronisation Signal(ing)PT-RS Phase Tracking Reference signalling(P)SSCH (Physical) Sidelink Shared ChannelQAM Quadrature Amplitude ModulationOCC Orthogonal Cover CodeQPSK Quadrature Phase Shift KeyingPCI Physical Cell IdentityPSD Power Spectral DensityRAN Radio Access NetworkRAT Radio Access TechnologyP110626WO01 73 / 78RB Resource BlockRE Resource ElementRe Real part (e.g., for pi / 2*BPSK) modulationRF Radio FrequencyRNTI Radio Network Temporary IdentifierRRC Radio Resource ControlRX Receiver, Reception, Reception-related / sideSA Scheduling AssignmentSC-FDE Single Carrier Frequency Domain EqualisationSC-FDM / A Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiplex / Multiple AccessSCI Sidelink Control InformationSDT Small Data TransmissionSINR Signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratioSIR Signal-to-interference ratioSNR Signal-to-noise-ratioSPI Serial to Parallel InterfaceSR Scheduling RequestSRS Sounding Reference Signal(ing)SSS Secondary Synchronisation Signal(ing)SVD Singular-value decompositionTB Transport BlockTDD Time Division DuplexTDM Time Division MultiplexTRP Transmission and Reception Point, or Transmission and / or Reception PointT-RS Tracking Reference signalling or Timing Reference signallingTX Transmitter, Transmission, Transmission-related / sideUCI Uplink Control InformationUDC Up-Down Converter, mixing from BB¡-¿RFUE User EquipmentURLLC Ultra Low Latency High Reliability CommunicationVL-MIMO Very-large multiple-input-multiple-outputWD Wireless DeviceWfg Waveform GeneratorZC Zadoff-ChuZF Zero ForcingZP Zero-Power, e.g. muted CSI-RS symbolP110626WO01 74 / 78Abbreviations may be considered to follow 3GPP usage if applicable. 2530P110626WO01 75 / 78

Claims

CLAIMS1. Method of operating a wireless device in a wireless communication network, wirelessdevice being configured with a first power control loop, the wireless device further beingconfigured with a second power control loop, the method comprising performing powercontrol for the first power control loop and the second power control loop based on a 2535received control information message.

2. Wireless device for a wireless communication network, the wireless device being adaptedfor being configured with a first power control loop, the wireless device further beingadapted for being configured with a second power control loop, the wireless device beingadapted for performing power control for the first power control loop and the second 2540power control loop based on a received control information message.

3. Method of operating a network node in a wireless communication network, methodcomprising transmitting, to a wireless device, a control information message, the controlinformation message indicating first power control information for a first power controlloop the wireless device is configured with, the control information message also indicating 2545second power control information for a second power control loop the wireless device isconfigured with.

4. Network node for wireless communication network, the network node being adaptedfor transmitting, to a wireless device, a control information message, the control infor-mation message indicating first power control information for a first power control loop 2550the wireless device is adapted to be configured with, the control information message alsoindicating second power control information for a second power control loop the wirelessdevice is adapted to be configured with.

5. Method or device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first powercontrol loop pertains to transmission of first reference signalling and / or pertains to an 2555independent power control loop and / or a closed power control loop.

6. Method or device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the second powercontrol loop pertains to transmission of second reference signalling and / or pertains to anindependent power control loop and / or a closed power control loop.

7. Method or device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first power 2560control loop pertains to a different beam than the second power control loop.

8. Method or device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first powercontrol loop and / or the second power control loop are configured to the wireless deviceP110626WO01 76 / 78by a network node, e.g., with higher layer signalling.

9. Method or device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first power 2565control loop pertains to signalling aimed at a different target than the second powercontrol loop.

10. Method or device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the wireless deviceis configured with a power control state pertain to the first power control loop and thesecond power control loop. 257011. Method or device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first powercontrol loop pertains to transmission of first SRS, and the second power control looppertains to transmission of second SRS.

12. Method or device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein control informa-tion message is a message on a physical control channel. 257513. Method or device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the controlinformation message is a Downlink Control Information, DCI, message, in particularrepresenting a DCI format 2 2 or 2 3 message.

14. Program product comprising instructions causing processing circuitry to controland / or perform a method according to one of claims 1, 3, or 5 to 13. 258015. Carrier medium arrangement carrying and / or storing a program product accordingto claim 14.P110626WO01 77 / 78

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