Link adaptation and coverage enhancement for LP-WUS monitoring

Abstract

A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) may receive configuration information indicating a plurality of low power wake up signal (LP-WUS) formats and / or a plurality of LP-WUS monitoring occasions (MOs). The WTRU may monitor for LP-WUSs at each LP-WUS of the plurality of LP-WUS MOs. Each LP-WUS MO of the plurality of LP-WUS MOs may be a first type of LP-WUS MOs and / or a second type of LP-WUS MOs. The WTRU may determine that a LP-WUS format of the first LP-WUS received in the first LP-WUS MO is different than a LP-WUS format of a previous LP-WUS MO. The WTRU may switch to the LP-WUS format for receiving a second LP-WUS in a second LP-WUS MO based on the determination that the WUS format of the first LP-WUS received in the first LP-WUS MO is different than the LP-WUS format of the previous LP-WUS MO. The WTRU may monitor the second LP-WUS.

Description

LINK ADAPTATION AND COVERAGE ENHANCEMENT FOR LP-WUS MONITORINGCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 552,347, filed on February 12, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.BACKGROUND

[0002] A user equipment (UE), also known as a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), may monitor and / or receive a wake-up signal (WUS) via a first radio (e.g., a low-power or ultra-low power radio). The WUS may be called a low-power WUS (LP-WUS). The first radio may be called a low-power radio (LR) or a low power wake-up radio (LP-WUR). Receiving a WUS (e.g., an LP-WUS), for example via the LR, may trigger wake-up or usage of a second radio of the WTRU (e.g., the WTRU’s main radio (MR)) for data and / or control signal transmission and / or reception as seen at FIG. 2. This has the potential to reduce the power consumption of wireless devices.

[0003] A release 19 (Rel-19) work item (Wl) on LP-WUS and / or LP-WUR for NR may be focused on supporting a deep sleep state for the MR while the WTRU is in RRC IDLE or RRC INACTIVE states (referred to as IDLE / I NACTIVE mode LP-WUS monitoring). The Rel-19 Wl may further be focused on supporting the WTRU to skip monitoring PDCCH while in RRC CONNECTED state (referred to as CONNECTED mode LP-WUS monitoring).SUMMARY

[0004] A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) may receive configuration information. The configuration information may indicate a plurality of low power wake up signal (LP-WUS) formats and / or a plurality of LP- WUS monitoring occasions (MOs). The WTRU may monitor for LP-WUSs at each LP-WUS of the plurality of LP-WUS MOs. Each LP-WUS MO of the plurality of LP-WUS MOs may be a first type of LP-WUS MOs and / or a second type of LP-WUS MOs. The WTRU may receive a first LP-WUS at a first LP-WUS MO of the plurality of LP-WUS MOs. The WTRU may determine that a LP-WUS format of the first LP-WUS received in the first LP-WUS MO may be different than a LP-WUS format of a previous LP-WUS MO. The WTRU may determine to switch to the LP-WUS format for receiving a second LP-WUS in a second LP- WUS MO based on the determination that the WUS format of the first LP-WUS received in the first LP-WUS MO may be different than the LP-WUS format of the previous LP-WUS MO. The WTRU may monitor for the second LP-WUS in the second LP-WUS MO.

[0005] Each LP-WUS format of the plurality of LP-WUS formats may be associated with one or more of a level of capabilities, a signal structure, and / or a payload structure. The LP-WUS format may be determined based on a format of the received first LP-WUS out of a plurality of configured LP-WUS formats when the LP-WUS MO is a first type of LP-WUS MO. The LP-WUS format may be determined based on the LP-WUS format associated with the previous LP-WUS MO when the LP-WUS MO is a second type of LP-WUS MO.

[0006] The LP-WUS format of the first LP-WUS may support a first signal structure and / or a first payload structure. The LP-WUS format of the second LP-WUS may support a second signal structure and / o a second payload structure.

[0007] The second type of LP-WUS MOs may be interlaced between consecutive first types of LP-WUS MOs. The WTRU may determine a subgroup identifier (ID). The subgroup ID is associated with a specific LP-WUS or a paging occasion. The configuration information may further comprise one or more uplink reference signals (UL RSs). The UL RSs may be associated with one or more of a WTRU identifier (ID), an LP-WUS, a paging occasion, and / or resources for transmitting the one or more UL RSs.

[0008] The WTRU may transmit the one or more UL RSs on configured RS resources to determine the low power signal quality at the WTRU. The WTRU may receive an indication for activating LP-WUS monitoring. The indication may be received via radio resource control (RRC) release message, one or more paging signals, and / or system information (SI).BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] FIG. 1 A is a system diagram illustrating an example communications system in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented.

[0010] FIG. 1 B is a system diagram illustrating an example wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1A according to an embodiment.

[0011] FIG. 1C is a system diagram illustrating an example radio access network (RAN) and an example core network (CN) that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1 A according to an embodiment.

[0012] FIG. 1 D is a system diagram illustrating a further example RAN and a further example CN that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1 A according to an embodiment.

[0013] FIG. 2 depicts a simplified architecture of a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) utilizing a low- power (LP) wake-up receiver.

[0014] FIG. 3 depicts a configuration of a first and a second type low power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) monitoring occasions (MOs).

[0015] FIG. 4 depicts detection (e.g., blindly) of LP-WUS format using first type LP-WUS MOs.

[0016] FIG. 5 depicts LP-WUS format switching at (pre)configured first type LP-WUS MOs based on two or more detected LP-WUS formats and a LP-WUS format selection criteria.

[0017] FIG. 6 depicts a subgroup-based wake-up indication by joint indication via LP-WUS and a paging early indication (PEI).

[0018] FIG. 7 depicts a configuration of first, second, and third type LP-WUS MOs.

[0019] FIG. 8 depicts a WTRU determining LP-WUS format updates via a third format LP-WUS or blindly receiving a LP-WUS format.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] FIG. 1A is a diagram illustrating an example communications system 100 in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented. The communications system 100 may be a multiple access system that provides content, such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcast, etc., to multiple wireless users. The communications system 100 may enable multiple wireless users to access such content through the sharing of system resources, including wireless bandwidth. For example, the communications systems 100 may employ one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero-tail unique-word DFT-Spread OFDM (ZT UW DTS-s OFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block-filtered OFDM, filter bank multicarrier (FBMC), and the like.

[0021] As shown in FIG. 1A, the communications system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, a RAN 104 / 113, a CN 106 / 115, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, the Internet 110, and other networks 112, though it will be appreciated that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network elements. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. By way of example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, any of which may be referred to as a “station” and / or a “STA”, may be configured to transmit and / or receivewireless signals and may include a user equipment (DE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a subscription-based unit, a pager, a cellular telephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smartphone, a laptop, a netbook, a personal computer, a wireless sensor, a hotspot or Mi-Fi device, an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD), a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery), an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts), a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. Any of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and 102d may be interchangeably referred to as a WTRU.

[0022] The communications systems 100 may also include a base station 114a and / or a base station 114b. Each of the base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as the CN 106 / 115, the I nternet 110, and / or the other networks 112. By way of example, the base stations 114a, 114b may be a base transceiver station (BTS), a Node-B, an eNode B, a Home Node B, a Home eNode B, a gNB, a NR NodeB, a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, and the like. While the base stations 114a, 114b are each depicted as a single element, it will be appreciated that the base stations 114a, 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[0023] The base station 114a may be part of the RAN 104 / 113, which may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), relay nodes, etc. The base station 114a and / or the base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals on one or more carrier frequencies, which may be referred to as a cell (not shown). These frequencies may be in licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum. A cell may provide coverage for a wireless service to a specific geographical area that may be relatively fixed or that may change over time. The cell may further be divided into cell sectors. For example, the cell associated with the base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Thus, in one embodiment, the base station 114a may include three transceivers, i.e., one for each sector of the cell. In an embodiment, the base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) technology and may utilize multiple transceivers for each sector of the cell. For example, beamforming may be used to transmit and / or receive signals in desired spatial directions.

[0024] The base stations 114a, 114b may communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d over an air interface 116, which may be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radiofrequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). The air interface 116 may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0025] More specifically, as noted above, the communications system 100 may be a multiple access system and may employ one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and the like. For example, the base station 114a in the RAN 104 / 113 and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which may establish the air interface 115 / 116 / 117 using wideband CDMA (WCDMA). WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High-Speed Downlink (DL) Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High-Speed UL Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0026] I n an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) and / or LTE-Advanced Pro (LTE-A Pro).

[0027] I n an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as NR Radio Access , which may establish the air interface 116 using New Radio (NR).

[0028] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement LTE radio access and NR radio access together, for instance using dual connectivity (DC) principles. Thus, the air interface utilized by WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions sent to / from multiple types of base stations (e.g., a eNB and a gNB).

[0029] In other embodiments, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wireless Fidelity (WiFi), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), and the like.

[0030] The base station 114b in FIG. 1 A may be a wireless router, Home Node B, Home eNode B, or access point, for example, and may utilize any suitable RAT for facilitating wireless connectivity in alocalized area, such as a place of business, a home, a vehicle, a campus, an industrial facility, an air corridor (e.g., for use by drones), a roadway, and the like. In one embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In yet another embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may utilize a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR etc.) to establish a picocell or femtocell. As shown in FIG. 1A, the base station 114b may have a direct connection to the Internet 110. Thus, the base station 114b may not be required to access the Internet 110 via the CN 106 / 115.

[0031] The RAN 104 / 113 may be in communication with the CN 106 / 115, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, applications, and / or voice over internet protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The data may have varying quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as differing throughput requirements, latency requirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, and the like. The CN 106 / 115 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, pre-paid calling, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or perform high-level security functions, such as user authentication. Although not shown in FIG. 1A, it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 / 113 and / or the CN 106 / 115 may be in direct or indirect communication with other RANs that employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT. For example, in addition to being connected to the RAN 104 / 113, which may be utilizing a NR radio technology, the CN 106 / 115 may also be in communication with another RAN (not shown) employing a GSM, UMTS, CDMA 2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or WiFi radio technology.

[0032] The CN 106 / 115 may also serve as a gateway for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or the other networks 112. The PSTN 108 may include circuit- switched telephone networks that provide plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use common communication protocols, such as the transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP) and / or the internet protocol (IP) in the TCP / IP internet protocol suite. The networks 112 may include wired and / or wireless communications networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, the networks 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT.

[0033] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communications system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (e.g., the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links). For example, the WTRU 102c shown in FIG. 1A may be configured to communicate with the base station 114a, which may employ a cellular-based radio technology, and with the base station 114b, which may employ an IEEE 802 radio technology.

[0034] FIG. 1 B is a system diagram illustrating an example WTRU 102. As shown in FIG. 1 B, the WTRU 102 may include a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, a display / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power source 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and / or other peripherals 138, among others. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may include any sub-combination of the foregoing elements while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0035] The processor 118 may be a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) circuits, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, and the like. The processor 118 may perform signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. The processor 118 may be coupled to the transceiver 120, which may be coupled to the transmit / receive element 122. While FIG. 1B depicts the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 as separate components, it will be appreciated that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 may be integrated together in an electronic package or chip.

[0036] The transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit signals to, or receive signals from, a base station (e.g., the base station 114a) over the air interface 116. For example, in one embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In an embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an emitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive IR, UV, or visible light signals, for example. In yet another embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive both RF and light signals. It will be appreciated that the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0037] Although the transmit / receive element 122 is depicted in FIG. 1 B as a single element, the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. More specifically, the WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals over the air interface 116.

[0038] The transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate the signals that are to be transmitted by the transmit / receive element 122 and to demodulate the signals that are received by the transmit / receive element 122. As noted above, the WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capabilities. Thus, the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers for enabling the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as NR and IEEE 802.11, for example.

[0039] The processor 118 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to, and may receive user input data from, the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit). The processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128. In addition, the processor 118 may access information from, and store data in, any type of suitable memory, such as the non-removable memory 130 and / or the removable memory 132. The non-removable memory 130 may include random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. The removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital (SD) memory card, and the like. In other embodiments, the processor 118 may access information from, and store data in, memory that is not physically located on the WTRU 102, such as on a server or a home computer (not shown).

[0040] The processor 118 may receive power from the power source 134, and may be configured to distribute and / or control the power to the other components in the WTRU 102. The power source 134 may be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power source 134 may include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, and the like.

[0041] The processor 118 may also be coupled to the GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) regarding the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to, or in lieu of, the information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information over the air interface 116 from a base station (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) and / or determine its location based on the timing of the signals being received from two or more nearby base stations. It will2024P00066WQ be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may acquire location information by way of any suitable locationdetermination method while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0042] The processor 118 may further be coupled to other peripherals 138, which may include one or more software and / or hardware modules that provide additional features, functionality and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, the peripherals 138 may include an accelerometer, an e-compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (for photographs and / or video), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands free headset, a Bluetooth® module, a frequency modulated (FM) radio unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game player module, an Internet browser, a Virtual Reality and / or Augmented Reality (VR / AR) device, an activity tracker, and the like. The peripherals 138 may include one or more sensors, the sensors may be one or more of a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a hall effect sensor, a magnetometer, an orientation sensor, a proximity sensor, a temperature sensor, a time sensor; a geolocation sensor; an altimeter, a light sensor, a touch sensor, a magnetometer, a barometer, a gesture sensor, a biometric sensor, and / or a humidity sensor.

[0043] The WTRU 102 may include a full duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with particular subframes for both the UL (e.g., for transmission) and downlink (e.g., for reception) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous. The full duplex radio may include an interference management unit 139 to reduce and or substantially eliminate self-interference via either hardware (e.g., a choke) or signal processing via a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or via processor 118). In an embodiment, the WRTU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with particular subframes for either the UL (e.g., for transmission) or the downlink (e.g., for reception)).

[0044] FIG. 1C is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 104 and the CN 106 according to an embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 104 may employ an E-UTRA radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 104 may also be in communication with the CN 106.

[0045] The RAN 104 may include eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of eNode-Bs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, the eNode-B 160a, for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and / or receive wireless signals from, the WTRU 102a.

[0046] Each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and / or DL, and the like. As shown in FIG. 1 C, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may communicate with one another over an X2 interface.

[0047] The CN 106 shown in FIG. 1 C may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a serving gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (or PGW) 166. While each of the foregoing elements are depicted as part of the CN 106, it will be appreciated that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0048] The MME 162 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 162a, 162b, 162c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the MME 162 may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, bearer activation / deactivation, selecting a particular serving gateway during an initial attach of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like. The MME 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as GSM and / or WCDMA.

[0049] The SGW 164 may be connected to each of the eNode Bs 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via the S1 interface. The SGW 164 may generally route and forward user data packets to / from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. The SGW 164 may perform other functions, such as anchoring user planes during inter- eNode B handovers, triggering paging when DL data is available for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, managing and storing contexts of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like.

[0050] The SGW 164 may be connected to the PGW 166, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0051] The CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional land-line communications devices. For example, the CN 106 may include, or may communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to the other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks that are owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0052] Although the WTRU is described in FIGS. 1 A-1 D as a wireless terminal, it is contemplated that in certain representative embodiments that such a terminal may use (e.g., temporarily or permanently) wired communication interfaces with the communication network.

[0053] In representative embodiments, the other network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0054] A WLAN in Infrastructure Basic Service Set (BSS) mode may have an Access Point (AP) for the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP may have an access or an interface to a Distribution System (DS) or another type of wired / wireless network that carries traffic in to and / or out of the BSS. Traffic to STAs that originates from outside the BSS may arrive through the AP and may be delivered to the STAs. Traffic originating from STAs to destinations outside the BSS may be sent to the AP to be delivered to respective destinations. Traffic between STAs within the BSS may be sent through the AP, for example, where the source STA may send traffic to the AP and the AP may deliver the traffic to the destination STA. The traffic between STAs within a BSS may be considered and / or referred to as peer-to- peer traffic. The peer-to-peer traffic may be sent between (e.g., directly between) the source and destination STAs with a direct link setup (DLS). In certain representative embodiments, the DLS may use an 802.11 e DLS or an 802.11 z tunneled DLS (TDLS). A WLAN using an Independent BSS (I BSS) mode may not have an AP, and the STAs (e.g., all of the STAs) within or using the IBSS may communicate directly with each other. The IBSS mode of communication may sometimes be referred to herein as an “ad- hoc” mode of communication.

[0055] When using the 802.11 ac infrastructure mode of operation or a similar mode of operations, the AP may transmit a beacon on a fixed channel, such as a primary channel. The primary channel may be a fixed width (e.g., 20 MHz wide bandwidth) or a dynamically set width via signaling. The primary channel may be the operating channel of the BSS and may be used by the STAs to establish a connection with the AP. In certain representative embodiments, Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA / CA) may be implemented, for example in in 802.11 systems. For CSMA / CA, the STAs (e.g., every STA), including the AP, may sense the primary channel. If the primary channel is sensed / detected and / or determined to be busy by a particular STA, the particular STA may back off. One STA (e.g., only one station) may transmit at any given time in a given BSS.

[0056] High Throughput (HT) STAs may use a 40 MHz wide channel for communication, for example, via a combination of the primary 20 MHz channel with an adjacent or nonadjacent 20 MHz channel to form a 40 MHz wide channel.2024P00066WQ

[0057] Very High Throughput (VHT) ST As may support 20MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and / or 160 MHz wide channels. The 40 MHz, and / or 80 MHz, channels may be formed by combining contiguous 20 MHz channels. A 160 MHz channel may be formed by combining 8 contiguous 20 MHz channels, or by combining two non-contiguous 80 MHz channels, which may be referred to as an 80+80 configuration. For the 80+80 configuration, the data, after channel encoding, may be passed through a segment parser that may divide the data into two streams. Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, and time domain processing, may be done on each stream separately. The streams may be mapped on to the two 80 MHz channels, and the data may be transmitted by a transmitting STA. At the receiver of the receiving STA, the above described operation for the 80+80 configuration may be reversed, and the combined data may be sent to the Medium Access Control (MAC).

[0058] Sub 1 GHz modes of operation are supported by 802.11 af and 802.11 ah. The channel operating bandwidths, and carriers, are reduced in 802.11 af and 802.11 ah relative to those used in 802.11 n, and 802.11ac. 802.11 af supports 5 MHz, 10 MHz and 20 MHz bandwidths in the TV White Space (TVWS) spectrum, and 802.11 ah supports 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, and 16 MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum. According to a representative embodiment, 802.11 ah may support Meter Type Control / Machine- Type Communications, such as MTC devices in a macro coverage area. MTC devices may have certain capabilities, for example, limited capabilities including support for (e.g., only support for) certain and / or limited bandwidths. The MTC devices may include a battery with a battery life above a threshold (e.g., to maintain a very long battery life).

[0059] WLAN systems, which may support multiple channels, and channel bandwidths, such as 802.11 n, 802.11 ac, 802.11 af, and 802.11 ah, include a channel which may be designated as the primary channel. The primary channel may have a bandwidth equal to the largest common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel may be set and / or limited by a STA, from among all STAs in operating in a BSS, which supports the smallest bandwidth operating mode. In the example of 802.11 ah, the primary channel may be 1 MHz wide for STAs (e.g., MTC type devices) that support (e.g., only support) a 1 MHz mode, even if the AP, and other STAs in the BSS support 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, 16 MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes. Carrier sensing and / or Network Allocation Vector (NAV) settings may depend on the status of the primary channel. If the primary channel is busy, for example, due to a STA (which supports only a 1 MHz operating mode), transmitting to the AP, the entire available frequency bands may be considered busy even though a majority of the frequency bands remains idle and may be available.

[0060] In the United States, the available frequency bands, which may be used by 802.11 ah, are from 902 MHz to 928 MHz. In Korea, the available frequency bands are from 917.5 MHz to 923.5 MHz. In Japan, the available frequency bands are from 916.5 MHz to 927.5 MHz. The total bandwidth available for 802.11 ah is 6 MHz to 26 MHz depending on the country code.

[0061] FIG. 1 D is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 113 and the CN 115 according to an embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 113 may employ an NR radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 113 may also be in communication with the CN 115.

[0062] The RAN 113 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 113 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, gNBs 180a, 108b may utilize beamforming to transmit signals to and / or receive signals from the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c. Thus, the gNB 180a, for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and / or receive wireless signals from, the WTRU 102a. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, the gNB 180a may transmit multiple component carriers to the WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be on unlicensed spectrum while the remaining component carriers may be on licensed spectrum. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) technology. For example, WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from gNB 180a and gNB 180b (and / or gNB 180c).

[0063] The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using transmissions associated with a scalable numerology. For example, the OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing may vary for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the wireless transmission spectrum. The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using subframe or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of various or scalable lengths (e.g., containing varying number of OFDM symbols and / or lasting varying lengths of absolute time).

[0064] The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be configured to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in a standalone configuration and / or a non-standalone configuration. In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c without also accessing other RANs (e.g., such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c). In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b,102c may utilize one or more of gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c as a mobility anchor point. In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using signals in an unlicensed band. In a non-standalone configuration WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with / connect to gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c while also communicating with / connecting to another RAN such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c. For example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement DC principles to communicate with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c and one or more eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c substantially simultaneously. In the non-standalone configuration, eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may serve as a mobility anchor for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may provide additional coverage and / or throughput for servicing WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.

[0065] Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and / or DL, support of network slicing, dual connectivity, interworking between NR and E-UTRA, routing of user plane data towards User Plane Function (UPF) 184a, 184b, routing of control plane information towards Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 182a, 182b and the like. As shown in FIG. 1D, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may communicate with one another over an Xn interface.

[0066] The CN 115 shown in FIG. 1 D may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one Session Management Function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and possibly a Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b. While each of the foregoing elements are depicted as part of the CN 115, it will be appreciated that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0067] The AMF 182a, 182b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via an N2 interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the AMF 182a, 182b may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, support for network slicing (e.g., handling of different PDU sessions with different requirements), selecting a particular SMF 183a, 183b, management of the registration area, termination of NAS signaling, mobility management, and the like. Network slicing may be used by the AMF 182a, 182b in order to customize CN support for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c based on the types of services being utilized WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. For example, different network slices may be established for different use cases such as services relying on ultra-reliable low latency (URLLC) access, services relying on enhanced massive mobile broadband (eMBB) access, services for machine type communication (MTC) access, and / or the like. The AMF 162 may provide acontrol plane function for switching between the RAN 113 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and / or non-3GPP access technologies such as WiFi.

[0068] The SMF 183a, 183b may be connected to an AMF 182a, 182b in the CN 115 via an N11 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may also be connected to a UPF 184a, 184b in the CN 115 via an N4 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may select and control the UPF 184a, 184b and configure the routing of traffic through the UPF 184a, 184b. The SMF 183a, 183b may perform other functions, such as managing and allocating WTRU IP address, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, providing downlink data notifications, and the like. A PDU session type may be IP-based, non-IP based, Ethernet-based, and the like.

[0069] The UPF 184a, 184b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via an N3 interface, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. The UPF 184, 184b may perform other functions, such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multi-homed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering downlink packets, providing mobility anchoring, and the like.

[0070] The CN 115 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 115 may include, or may communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 115 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 115 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to the other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks that are owned and / or operated by other service providers. In one embodiment, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be connected to a local Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b through the UPF 184a, 184b via the N3 interface to the UPF 184a, 184b and an N6 interface between the UPF 184a, 184b and the DN 185a, 185b.

[0071] In view of Figures 1A-1 D, and the corresponding description of Figures 1A-1 D, one or more, or all, of the functions described herein with regard to one or more of: WTRU 102a-d, Base Station 114a-b, eNode-B 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNB 180a-c, AMF 182a-ab, UPF 184a-b, SMF 183a-b, DN 185a-b, and / or any other device(s) described herein, may be performed by one or more emulation devices (not shown). The emulation devices may be one or more devices configured to emulate one or more, or all, of the functions described herein. For example, the emulation devices may be used to test other devices and / or to simulate network and / or WTRU functions.

[0072] The emulation devices may be designed to implement one or more tests of other devices in a lab environment and / or in an operator network environment. For example, the one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, or all, functions while being fully or partially implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network in order to test other devices within the communication network. The one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, or all, functions while being temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. The emulation device may be directly coupled to another device for purposes of testing and / or may performing testing using over-the-air wireless communications.

[0073] The one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, including all, functions while not being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, the emulation devices may be utilized in a testing scenario in a testing laboratory and / or a non-deployed (e.g., testing) wired and / or wireless communication network in order to implement testing of one or more components. The one or more emulation devices may be test equipment. Direct RF coupling and / or wireless communications via RF circuitry (e.g., which may include one or more antennas) may be used by the emulation devices to transmit and / or receive data.

[0074] FIG. 2 depicts a simplified architecture of a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) utilizing a low- power (LP) wake-up receiver. A WTRU, or user equipment (UE) may monitor and / or receive a wake-up signal (WUS) via a first radio (e.g., a low-power or ultra-low power radio). The WUS may be called a low- power WUS (LP-WUS). The first radio may be called a low-power radio (LR) or a low power wake-up radio (LP-WUR). Receiving a WUS (e.g., an LP-WUS) 205, via the LR 210 may trigger wake-up and / or usage of a second radio of the WTRU (e.g., the WTRU’s main radio (MR)) 215 for data and / or control signal transmission and / or reception as seen at FIG. 2. This has the potential to reduce the power consumption of wireless devices.

[0075] A release 19 (Rel-19) work item (Wl) on LP-WUS and / or LP-WUR for NR is focused on supporting a deep sleep state for the MR while the WTRU is in radio resource control (RRC) IDLE or RRC INACTIVE states (referred to as I DLE / I NACTIVE mode LP-WUS monitoring). The Rel-19 Wl may further be focused on supporting the WTRU to skip monitoring physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) while in RRC CONNECTED state (referred to as CONNECTED mode LP-WUS monitoring).

[0076] The Rel-19 Wl is expected to support the following features and / or functionalities forIDLE / I NACTIVE mode LP-WUS monitoring: use of LP-WUS reception to trigger paging monitoring; subgrouping (e.g., LP-WUS sub-grouping indication); and / or entry / exit condition(s) for LP-WUS monitoring.

[0077] Based on the association between paging monitoring via MR and LP-WUS monitoring via LR, one or more of the following may apply: a LP-WUS may be used to wake-up one or more WTRUs associated with one or more POs (e.g., more than one WTRU may receive the same LP-WUS); and / or as paging monitoring occasions are periodic, LP-WUS monitoring can also be periodic.

[0078] Use of the LP-WUS for paging may be in addition to or instead of using the existing paging early indicator (PEI). PEI is a downlink control information (DCI) based mechanism for assisting the WTRU in saving power when monitoring for paging. Although using the PEI provides some reduction in power consumption, the PEI may be based on blind decoding. Blind decoding may consume more power than may be desirable.

[0079] The impact of channel quality variation on power saving may gain via LP-WUS monitoring. Like any radio signal, LP-WUS also may be subject to channel variations. This may trigger WTRUs to exit LP- WUS monitoring, thus reducing the duration WTRUs stay in power saving state while monitoring LP-WUS. Reducing the duration that WTRUs stay in power saving state may reduce the power saving gains. WTRUs waking up may switch on the MR, leading to undesirable power consumption.

[0080] Supporting link adaptation and / or coverage adjustment for LP-WUS may help to increase the power saving gains. As more than one WTRU may monitor the same LP-WUS, link adaptation and / or coverage adjustment may be performed considering the channel quality of multiple WTRUs.

[0081] Coverage adjustment and / or link adaptation may be important for LP-WUS monitoring. If coverage adjustment and / or link adaptation is not supported, a WTRU that may be out of coverage of LP-WUS may not be able to use it. The WTRU may need to use its MR (e.g., for monitoring for paging) which may lead to unnecessary power consumption. The description below may detail how to support LP-WUS coverage adjustment and / or support link adaptation in a resource and power efficient way.

[0082] Adaptive LP-WUS format detection and / or usage to enable LP-WUS coverage may be changed dynamically, e.g., based on WTRUs connected to (e.g., in an inactive state) and / or camped on (e.g., in idle mode) a cell.

[0083] A WTRU may receive a configuration for two or more LP-WUS formats, e.g., a 1 st format and a 2nd format. A format may be associated with a different level of capabilities (e.g., content and / or associated functionality), and / or a different signal structure, and / or a different payload structure. For example, a 1st format LP-WUS may support subgroup-based wake-up indication. The 1st format may be transmitted with a 1st signal structure and / or a 1st payload structure. A 2nd format LP-WUS may support a wake-up indication. A 2nd format may be transmitted with a 2nd signal structure and / or a 2nd payloadstructure. In an example, one format LP-WUS may have a larger payload which may have lower coverage than another format.

[0084] The may WTRU receive a configuration for two or more types of LP-WUS monitoring occasions (MOs). For example, MOs of a 1st type of LP-WUS MO may be periodic. One or more MOs of a 2nd type of LP-WUS MO may be interlaced between consecutive 1st type LP-WUS MOs. The WTRU may receive and / or determine a subgroup ID (e.g., LP-WUS specific and / or paging occasion (PO) specific). The WTRU may receive (e.g., optionally) configuration of one or more UL RSs associated with its WTRU ID and / or LP- WUS and / or PO, and resources for transmitting UL RSs.

[0085] The WTRU may transmit (e.g., optionally) one or more configured uplink reference signals (UL RSs) on configured RS resources to support the gNB to determine the LR signal quality at the WTRU. The gNB may determine a LP-WUS format to use based on the signal quality of UL RSs transmitted by one or more WTRUs (e.g., one or more WTRUs associated with a PO). The WTRU may receive an indication and / or configuration for activating LP-WUS monitoring (e.g., via a RRC release message, one or more paging signals, and / or system information (SI)).

[0086] The WTRU may monitor for a LP-WUS at one or more LP-WUS MOs. At each LP-WUS MO, the WTRU may determine a format of the LP-WUS. At each LP-WUS MO, the WTRU may receive and / or attempt to receive the LP-WUS of the determined format based on one or more of the following.

[0087] If the LP-WUS MO is of the 1 st type, the WTRU may monitor for a LP-WUS using one or more of the configured LP-WUS formats (e.g., until it successfully receives one of the LP-WUS formats or until it determines none are successfully received). If the WTRU successfully receives a LP-WUS and / or the LP- WUS provides an indication that indicates the WTRU is to wake-up, then the WTRU may wakes up the MR (e.g., to monitor for paging).

[0088] If the WTRU successfully receives a LP-WUS and the LP-WUS does not provide an indication that indicates the WTRU is to wake-up, then the WTRU determines that the LP-WUS format to use for the next LP-WUS MOs of the 2nd type is the LP-WUS format of the successfully received LP-WUS.

[0089] If the WTRU fails to receive a LP-WUS using one of the configured LP-WUS formats, then the WTRU may attempt to receive a LP-WUS by monitoring a preconfigured number (N) of subsequent 1st type LP-WUS MOs while skipping 2nd type LP-WUS MOs. If the WTRU fails to receive a LP-WUS in the N subsequent 1st type LP-WUS MOs, then the WTRU may wake-up the MR (e.g., for paging monitoring).

[0090] If the LP-WUS MO is of the 2nd type, then the WTRU may monitor for a LP-WUS using one of the LP-WUS formats where the format used is determined based on (a) the format detected in the previous 1sttype LP-WUS MO, or (b) a default or configured format. If the WTRU fails to receive a LP-WUS, the WTRU monitors for a LP-WUS in the next LP-WUS MO.

[0091] When the WTRU receives a LP-WUS (e.g., successfully) in the 1st or 2nd type LP-WUS MO, the WTRU may determine to wake-up (e.g., to monitor paging signals) and / or continue to monitor LP-WUS based on the wake-up indication received in the LP-WUS. The WTRU may also determine the signals and / or channels to monitor and / or receive and / or transmit based on the format and / or content of the LP- WUS.

[0092] When the WTRU wakes up the MR, the WTRU may monitor for and / or receive a page (e.g., a paging DCI and / or paging message). The WTRU may respond to the page (e.g., if the WTRU determines it has been paged) by transmitting, for example, a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission.

[0093] Hereafter, a signal may be interchangeably used with one or more of following: sounding reference signal (SRS); channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS); demodulation reference signal (DM-RS); phase tracking reference signal (PT-RS); and / or synchronization signal block (SSB); and / or positioning reference signal (PRS).

[0094] Hereafter, a channel may be interchangeably used with one or more of following: PDCCH; physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH); physical uplink control channel (PUCCH); physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH); and / or PRACH, etc. Hereafter the terms, a signal, channel, and / or message (e.g., as in downlink (DL) or uplink (UL) signal, channel, and / or message) may be used interchangeably.

[0095] Hereafter, RS may be interchangeably used with one or more of RS resource, RS resource set, RS port and / or RS port group. Hereafter, RS may be used interchangeably with one or more of SSB, CSI-RS, SRS, DM-RS, tracking reference signal (TRS), positioning reference signal (PRS), and / or PT-RS.Hereafter, the terms time instance, slot, symbol, and subframe may be used interchangeably. Hereafter, the terms SSB, SS / PBCH block, PSS, SSS, PBCH, and / or master information block (MIB) may be used interchangeably. Hereafter, LP-WUS MO may be interchangeably used with MO.

[0096] Further disclosed is a solution for selecting a format of LP-WUS based on the format of a LP-WUS receives in a configured MO. Adaptive LP-WUS format detection and / or usage to enable LP-WUS coverage may be changed dynamically, e.g., based on WTRUs connected to (e.g., in inactive state) and / or camped on (e.g., in idle mode) a cell.

[0097] A WTRU may receive a configuration for two or more LP-WUS formats, e.g., a 1 st format and a 2nd format. Each format may be associated with a different level of capabilities (e.g., content and / or associated functionality), and / or a different signal structure, and / or a different payload structure. Forexample, a 1st format LP-WUS that supports subgroup-based wake-up indication may be transmitted with a 1st signal structure, and a 1st payload structure. A 2nd format LP-WUS that supports wake-up indication may be transmitted with a 2nd signal structure and / or a 2nd payload structure. One format LP-WUS may have a larger payload. The larger payload may have lower coverage than another format.

[0098] FIG. 3 depicts a configuration of a first and a second type LP-WUS MOs. The WTRU may receive a configuration for two or more types of LP-WUS MOs. For example, a 1st type of MOs 305 may be periodic, and a 2nd type of MOs 310 may be interlaced between consecutive 1st type MOs as depicted in FIG. 3. The WTRU may receive and / or determine a subgroup ID (e.g., LP-WUS specific and / or paging occasion (PO) specific).

[0099] The WTRU may receive (e.g., optionally receive) a configuration of one or more UL RSs associated with its WTRU ID and / or LP-WUS and / or PO, and / or resources for transmitting UL RSs. The WTRU may transmit (e.g., optionally transmit) one or more configured UL RSs on configured RS resources. This transmission may support the gNB to determine the LR signal quality at the WTRU. The gNB may determine a LP-WUS format to use based on the signal quality of UL RSs transmitted by one or more WTRUs (e.g., one or more WTRUs associated with a PO). The WTRU may receive an indication and / or configuration for activating LP-WUS monitoring (e.g., via a RRC release message, one or more paging signals, and / or SI).

[0100] The WTRU may monitor for a LP-WUS at one or more MOs. At each MO, the WTRU may determine a format of the LP-WUS. At each MO, the WTRU may receive and / or attempt to receive the LP- WUS of the determined format based on one or more of the following:

[0101] FIG. 4 depicts detection (e.g., blindly) of LP-WUS format using 1st type MOs. If the MO is of the 1st type 405, the WTRU may monitor for a LP-WUS using one or more of the configured LP-WUS formats 415 or 420 (e.g., until it successfully receives one of the LP-WUS formats 415 or 420 or until it determines none are successfully received), as depicted in FIG. 4.

[0102] If the WTRU successfully receives a LP-WUS and / or the LP-WUS provides an indication that indicates the WTRU is to wake-up, the WTRU may wake up the MR (e.g., to monitor for paging).

[0103] If the WTRU successfully receives a LP-WUS and / or the LP-WUS does not provide an indication that indicates the WTRU is to wake-up, the WTRU may determine that the LP-WUS format 415 or 420 to use for the next MOs of the 2nd type 410 is the LP-WUS format of the successfully received LP-WUS.

[0104] If the WTRU fails to successfully receive a LP-WUS using one of the configured LP-WUS formats 415 or 420, the WTRU attempts to receive a LP-WUS by monitoring a preconfigured number (N) ofsubsequent 1st type MOs 405 while skipping 2nd type MO 410s. If the WTRU fails to receive a LP-WUS in the N subsequent 1st type MOs 405, the WTRU wakes-up the MR (e.g., for paging monitoring).

[0105] If the MO is of the 2nd type 410, the WTRU may monitor for a LP-WUS using one of the LP-WUS formats 415 or 420. The format 420 used may be determined based on (a) the format 415 detected in the previous 1 st type MO 405, and / or (b) a default or configured format 415. If the WTRU fails to receive a LP- WUS, the WTRU monitors for a LP-WUS in the next MO.

[0106] When the WTRU receives a LP-WUS (e.g., successfully) in the 1st or 2nd type MO 405 or 410, the WTRU may determine to wake-up (e.g., to monitor paging signals) or continue to monitor LP-WUS based on the wake-up indication received in the LP-WUS. The WTRU may also determine the signals and / or channels to monitor and / or receive and / or transmit based on the format and / or content of the LP-WUS.

[0107] When the WTRU wakes up the MR, the WTRU may monitor for and / or receive a page (e.g., a paging DCI or paging message). The WTRU may respond to the page (e.g., if the WTRU determines it has been paged) by transmitting, e.g., a PRACH transmission.

[0108] Enhancing coverage and / or link adaptation may be achieved by supporting two or more formats of LP-WUSs that correspond to different levels of capabilities (e.g., content, structure, and / or associated functionality). For example, based on the required coverage and / or link quality experienced by the WTRUs monitoring LP-WUS, the gNB and / or the WTRUs may select a LP-WUS format.

[0109] In an example configuration, based on the capabilities supported by LP-WUS format, the size of the payload may vary. A LP-WUS format which supports more capabilities (e.g., subgroup-based wake-up indication) may carry a higher payload compared to a LP-WUS which supports less capabilities (e.g., wakeup indication, no subgroup-based indication). Consequently, the link quality requirement for LP-WUS and / or coverage provided by LP-WUS format may be different.

[0110] To enable supporting two or more LP-WUS formats for LP-WUS monitoring, a WTRU and / or gNB and / or CN may follow one or combination of the following solutions:

[0111] A WTRU may receive one or more of the following configurations and / or indications (e.g., via RRC signaling and / or SI) to support two or more LP-WUS formats in the LP-WUS monitoring.

[0112] One such configuration may be two or more formats of LP-WUSs. For example, the WTRU may receive configuration 1st format LP-WUS, 2nd format LP-WUS, and 3rd format LP-WUS. In such a configuration, the LP-WUS format may include one or more of the following. Capabilities of LP-WUS, where capabilities may include but not limited to content, associated functionality, and / or structure (e.g., structure of the payload).

[0113] A 1st format LP-WUS may support subgroup-based wake-up indication. For example, a 1st format LP-WUS may carry (e.g., in the payload) more than 1 bit of information (e.g., in a bit map) where bit may indicate the wake-up indication for a subgroup of WTRUs (e.g., based on subgroup IDs received from the CN / gNB or determined by a WTRU). If the bit value corresponds to a subgroup ID of a WTRU is a 1st value (e.g., ‘1 ’), the WTRU may wake-up (e.g., turn on MR for monitoring paging signals). If the bit value corresponds to a subgroup Id of a WTRU is a 2nd value (e.g., ‘0’), the WTRU may continue to monitor LP- WUSs.

[0114] A 2nd format LP-WUS may support wake-up indication for one or more WTRUs monitoring or receiving the LP-WUS. For example, a 2nd format LP-WUS may carry 1 -bit information. The 1-bit of information may be received in the payload of LP-WUS. The 1-bit of information may be determined based on the presence or the absence of a sequence (e.g., sequence is the LP-WUS or a part of the LP-WUS), and / or whether the WTRU receives a 1st sequence or a 2nd sequence, and / or presence or absence of LP- WUS. The 1-bit information may indicate a WTRU receiving and / or monitoring the LP-WUS to wake-up MR (e.g., if payload indicates 1-bit is ‘T, a sequence is present, received 1st sequence, and / or detected the presence of LP-WUS). The 1-bit information may continue to monitor LP-WUS LR (e.g., if 1-bit is ‘O’, or a sequence is absent, of a 2nd sequence is received, and / or LP-WUS was not detected).

[0115] A 3rd format LP-WUS may support subgroup-based wake-up indication as well as wake-up procedure indication. For example, 1st wake up procedure may be monitoring a paging PDCCH. Then, following the legacy paging monitoring procedure (e.g., based on the indication received via paging PDCCH), the WTRU may receive one or more DL signals (e.g., paging PDSCH, PDSCHs, TRS, SSBs, Msg2, Msg4, and / or MsgB, etc.) and / or transmit one or more UL signals (e.g., PRACH, MsgA, and / or Msg3, etc.). A 2nd wake-up procedure may be transmitting a PRACH resource. Then, following a legacy procedure for reconnecting to the network (e.g., gNB) following (e.g., remaining) steps of 4-step RACH procedure).

[0116] A 3rd format wake-up signal may carry more than 1 bit of information. For example, a 3rd LP-WUS may carry a bit map where a bit in the bit map corresponds to a subgroup ID of one or more WTRUs receiving the LP-WUS (e.g., a subgroup ID received from the gNB and / or CN or determined by a WTRU), and one or more WTRU IDs (e.g., a WTRU ID determined or received from the gNB and / or CN, e.g., via RRC signaling and / or RRC release message and / or SI). If the bit value corresponds to a subgroup ID of a WTRU is a 1st value (e.g., T) and / or the WTRU ID was included in the 3rd format LP-WUS received, a WTRU may wake-up by following the 2nd wake-up procedure. If the bit value corresponds to a subgroupID of a WTRU is 1st value (e.g., ‘1’) and / or the WTRU ID was not received in a 3rd format LP-WUS received, the WTRU may wake-up by following the 1 st wake-up procedure. If the bit value corresponds to a subgroup ID of a WTRU is a 2nd value (e.g., ‘0’) in a 3rd format LP-WUS, the WTRU may continue to monitor LP-WUSs.

[0117] The WTRU may receive configuration information regarding signal structure of the LP-WUS format. For example, a WTRU may receive the one or more configurations as described herein (e.g., via RRC signaling and / or SI).

[0118] The WTRU may receive configuration information regarding modulation (e.g. on-off keying (OOK)1 , OOK4, and / or OOK with or without overlaid OFDM sequence). For example, a 1 st format LP-WUS may be configured with OOK4 modulation, and a 2nd format LP-WUS may be configured with OOK1 modulation.

[0119] The WTRU may receive configuration information regarding channel coding method and / or coding rate. For example, a first LP-WUS format may be configured with 1st coding rate. A 2nd LP-WUS format may be configured with 2nd coding rate.

[0120] The WTRU may receive configuration information regarding DM-RS configuration (e.g., in the case LP-WUS is OFDM based). For example, a 1st LP-WUS format may be configured with 1st DM-RS configuration (e.g., 1st DM-RS density). A 2nd LP-WUS may be configured with 2nd DR-RS configuration (e.g., 2nd DM-RS density).

[0121] The WTRU may receive configuration information regarding number of repetitions (e.g., maximum number of repetitions). For example, a 1st LP-WUS format may be configured with a 1st number of repetitions, a 2nd LP-WUS configured with a 2nd number of repetitions, etc.

[0122] The WTRU may receive configuration information regarding bandwidth. For example, a 1st LP- WUS format may be configured with a 1st bandwidth, a 2nd LP-WUS may be configured with a 2nd bandwidth.

[0123] The WTRU may receive configuration information regarding duration (e.g., number of OFDM symbols and / or slots). For example, a 1st LP-WUS format may be configured with a 1st duration, a 2nd LP-WUS format may be configured with a 2nd duration, etc.

[0124] The WTRU may receive configuration information regarding subcarrier spacing (SCS) (e.g., 15 kHz SCS and / or 30 kHz SCS, etc.).

[0125] A WTRU may receive one or more types of LP-WUS MOs. To this end, one or a combination for the following solutions may be used:

[0126] A WTRU may receive configuration of two types of LP-WUS MOs, such as a 1st type 305 MO and a 2nd type MO 310 as seen in FIG. 3. The configuration of two or more MOs may include one or combination of the following.

[0127] The WTRU may receive the time-frequency location of the 1st type MO. For example, the WTRU may receive the configuration of one or more of the following (e.g., via RRC signaling and / or SI). Based on the received one or more configurations the WTRU may determine the time-frequency resources of the 1st type MOs.

[0128] Resources may include starting time-frequency resource (e.g., an offset from the WTRU’s PO and / or paging frame (PF), an offset from LP-SS transmission, and / or an offset from starting symbol of a slot and / or frame); bandwidth (e.g., number of resource blocks (RBs)); duration (e.g., duration in terms of OFDM symbols and / or slots); and / or the periodicity of the 1st type of MO (e.g., relative periodicity with respect to POs of the WTRU or period with respect to discontinuous reception (DRX) duration).

[0129] The WTRU may receive the time-frequency resources of the 2nd type MO. For example, the WTRU may receive the configuration of one or more of the following (e.g., via RRC signaling and / or SI). Based on the received one or more configurations, the WTRU may determine the time-frequency resources of the 2nd type MOs; number of 2nd type MOs (M) interlaced between two 1st type LP-WUS MOs; starting time-frequency resource (e.g., relative) of the first 2nd type MO with respect to a (e.g., starting timefrequency resources of) MO of the 1 st type; bandwidth of 2nd type MO; and / or duration of the 2nd type MO (e.g., duration in terms of OFDM symbols, slots).

[0130] A WTRU may receive a configuration for a periodic LP-WUS MOs. The configuration of the LP- WUS MO may include starting time-frequency resource (e.g., offset from WTRU’s PO), bandwidth, duration, and / or periodicity of the MO. The WTRU may receive a periodicity (e.g., type determination periodicity N_FD) to identify a 1st type MOs and a 2nd type MOs from the configured periodic LP-WUS MOs. For example, if the WTRU receives N_FD=4, then the WTRU may determine that the first MO (e.g., MO takes place immediately after activating LP-WUS monitoring) and every 4th MO is of 1st type MOs. The remaining MOs of the periodic MOs may be of 2nd type MOs.

[0131] The WTRU may receive resource configuration of the format of LP-WUSs within the 1st type MOs and / or the 2nd type MOs. For example, the WTRU may receive the configuration for the starting timefrequency resource of the configured one or more LP-WUS formats within each type of MOs. To this end, the WTRU may receive configuration of resources of each type of LP-WUS formats within each type of MOs based on one or combination of the following solutions:

[0132] A WTRU configured with two formats of LP-WUS (e.g., 1st format and / or 2nd format LP-WUSs) may receive configuration of starting time-frequency resources of each configured format of the LP-WUS in each type of MO (e.g., 1st type MO and / or the 2nd type MO).

[0133] A WTRU configured with two formats of LP-WUS (e.g., 1st format and / or 2nd format LP-WUSs) may receive a configuration of starting time-frequency resources of one LP-WUS format (e.g., 1st format) in a (e.g., every type of) MO. The WTRU may receive the relative position of the starting time-frequency resources (e.g., frequency and / or time offset) of the reaming LP-WUS formats (e.g., 2nd format LP-WUS) with respect to the starting time-frequency resource of a LP-WUS format (e.g., 1 st format LP-WUS), previously configured.

[0134] The WTRU configured with two formats of LP-WUS (e.g., 1 st format and / or 2nd format LP-WUSs) may receive a configuration of starting time-frequency resources of one LP-WUS format (e.g., 1st format) in a (e.g., every type of) MO. The WTRU may determine the starting-time frequency resources of the 2nd LP- WUS format based on the starting time-frequency of the 1st format LP-WUS and the duration and / or bandwidth of the 1st LP-WUS format. For example, the starting symbol of the 2nd LP-WUS format may equal the starting symbol of the 1st LP-WUS plus duration of the 1st LP-WUS.

[0135] The WTRU configured with three formats of LP-WUS (e.g., 1st format, 2nd format, and / or 3rd format LP-WUSs) may receive resource configuration for each configured format of the LP-WUSs within 1 st type MO. The WTRU may further receive a common resources configuration (e.g., a single starting timefrequency resource for all the LP-WUS formats) for all configured formats of the LP-WUS within a 2nd type MO.

[0136] The WTRU may receive a threshold on LP-WUS format determination attempt via 1 st type MO (denoted by N). Configuration for paging and / or DRX operation (e.g., via SI, RRC signaling and / or RRC release message). The configuration may include one or more of a WTRU ID, a DRX cycle duration, number of paging frames per paging cycle, a paging frame offset (PF_offset), and / or number of paging occasions per PF. A subgroup ID (e.g., a gNB and / or CN assigned subgroup ID received via RRC release message and / or RRC signaling) and / or a configuration for determining a subgroup ID (e.g., number of subgroups per PO and a WTRU ID, number of subgroups per LP-WUS and / or a WTRU ID).

[0137] A WTRU may assist the gNB to determine a LP-WUS format. WTRUs monitoring LP-WUS and / or associated signals (e.g., LP-SS) may assist the gNB to determine a LP-WUS format for the WTRU. To this end, one or more of the following solutions may be used:

[0138] The WTRU may receive one or more of the following configurations and / or indications (e.g., via RRC signaling and / or SI). A WTRU may receive a configuration of one or more UL RSs and / or resources for UL RS transmission via MR and / or LR. The configuration may include one or more of the following: association of the configure UL RSs and / or UL resources with different LP-WUS formats (e.g., 1st format, 2nd format, and / or 3rd format); association between the configured UL RS and / or UL resources with the PO; association between the configured UL RS and / or UL resources with mis-detection performance of one or more signals received via LR (e.g., LP-WUS and / or LP-SS); association between the configured UL RSs and / or UL resources and a WTRU ID; association between the configure UL RS and / or UL resources and a group ID of one or more WTRUs (e.g., a group ID determined by the WTRUs or received from the gNB and / or CN, e.g., via RRC release message or SI); and / or association between UL RS and / or UL resource and a LP-WUS ID.

[0139] The WTRU may measure one or more LP-SSs and / or LP-WUSs (e.g., low power synchronization signal (LP-SS), reference signal received power (RSRP), LP-WUS block error rate (BLER) (e.g., hypothetical BLER)). Based on the measurements, the WTRU may determine one or more preferred LP- WUS formats, the need for LP-WUS format update, and / or quality status of LP-SS / LP-WUS (e.g., LP-SS RSRP < a preconfigured threshold, e.g., preconfigured via RRC signaling). The WTRU may further report and / or indicate one or more preferred LP-WUS formats, need for updating LP-WUS format, and / or quality status of LP-SS and / or LP-WUS.

[0140] The WTRU may determine one or more preferred LP-WUS formats based on measurements. For example, the WTRU may determine that 2nd format LP-WUS is preferred if LP-SS RSRP is less than a preconfigured first threshold on LP-SS RSRP (e.g., preconfigured via RRC signaling). The 1st format LP- WUS may be preferred if LP-SS RSRP is greater than the preconfigured first threshold on LP-SS RSRP.

[0141] The WTRU may report / indicate its preferred one or more LP-WUS formats by transmitting one or more preconfigured UL RSs on preconfigured UL resources. The WTRU may select one or more UL RSs and / or UL resources based on the preconfigured association between UL RSs and / or UL resources and / or the LP-WUS formats.

[0142] The WTRU may identify one or more mis-detection LP-WUSs and / or report and / or indicate LP- WUS detection performance to the gNB. For example, if the WTRU determines that a missed more than a preconfigured number of LP-WUSs (e.g., preconfigured via RRC signaling and / or SI) within a preconfigured time duration (e.g., preconfigured via RRC signaling and / or SI), the WTRU may transmit an UL RS on a UL resources (e.g., a UL RS associated with the WTRU ID).

[0143] The WTRU may determine the status of the quality of LP-SS and / or LP-WUS. For example, if the WTRU determines that LP-SS RSRP < a preconfigured second threshold on LP-SS RSRP (via preconfigured RRC signaling and / or SI), and / or LP-WUS BLER > a preconfigured threshold on BLER (via preconfigured RRC signaling and / or SI), the WTRU may transmit UL RS on an UL resource. The WTRU may select one or more UL RSs and / or UL resources based on the preconfigured association between UL RSs and / or UL resources and one or more of WTRU ID, PO ID, group ID.

[0144] The WTRU may transmit one or more UL RSs associated with the WTRU ID, and / or WTRU group ID, and / or LP-WUS ID, and / or PO on one or more configure UL resources via LR or MR.

[0145] The WTRU may determine the periodicity for UL RS transmission based on the measured LP- WUR signal quality (e.g., LP-SS and / or LP-WUS BLER). For example, the WTRU may transmit one or more UL RSs at 1st periodicity (e.g., preconfigured via RRC signaling and / or SI) if the LP-SS RSRP < a threshold on LP-SS RSRP for UL RS periodicity (e.g., preconfigured via RRC signaling and / or SI). The WTRU may transmit one or more UL RSs at 2nd periodicity (e.g., preconfigured via RRC signaling and / or SI) if LP-SS RSRP) is greater than the threshold on LP-SS RSRP for UL RS periodicity.

[0146] The WTRU may transmit UL RS based on detection of an event (e.g., mis-detection of one or more LP-WUS and / or LP-SS / LP-WUS quality is less than a preconfigured threshold). The gNB may measure (in the case UL RSs are transmitted using LR) or estimate (in the case UL RSs are transmitted via MR) the LP-WUR signal quality based on the received one or more UL RSs (e.g., by using channel reciprocity).Based on the measured or estimated LP-WUR signal quality, the gNB may determine one or more LP- WUS formats for the WTRU or group of WTRUs.

[0147] A WTRU may activate LP-WUS monitoring. A WTRU may receive an indication for activating LP- WUS monitoring via a RRC release message, one or more paging signals, SI updates). Based on the received indication, the WTRU may starts monitoring signals and / or channels (e.g., LP-SS and / or LP-WUS) via a LP-WUR.

[0148] The WTRU may receive an RRC release message which indicates a LP-WUS format to be monitoring. The WTRU may activate I DLE / I NACTIVE model LP-WUS monitoring using the indicated LP- WUS format until it determines a LP-WUS format via a 1st type MO.

[0149] The WTRU may receive a page (e.g., paging PDCCH) while the WTRU is in RRC IDLE / INACTIVE state, indicating the WTRU to start monitoring LP-WUS. The WTRU may activate IDLE / INACTIVE model LP-WUS monitoring by using a default (e.g., specified) LP-WUS format until it determines a LP-WUS format via a 1st type MO.

[0150] A WTRU may determine LP-WUS format(s). A WTRU may determine the configured and / or indicated LP-WUS format based on at least one detected LP-WUS in at least one MO. The WTRU may monitor one or more configured, indicated, and / or determined MOs. The WTRU may attempt to detect and / or receive one or more LP-WUSs. For example, in case the WTRU receives and / or detects at least one LP-WUS, the WTRU may determine the LP-WUS format based on the detected and / or received LP-WUS. One or more of the following may apply:

[0151] Regarding the first type of MO, the WTRU may determine, be configured, and / or indicate that the MO that the WTRU monitors a first type MO. As such, the WTRU may determine to monitor and / or attempt to detect one or more of the configured, determined, and / or indicated LP-WUS formats in the corresponding MO.

[0152] For example, the WTRU may perform blind detection for detecting the LP-WUs formats. In an example, the WTRU may attempt a first LP-WUS format first, a second LP-WUS format second, a third LP- WUS format third, and so forth. The WTRU may attempt to receive or detect or monitor each LP-WUS format in preconfigured resources associated with each LP-WUS format or in a preconfigured resource set common for all the LP-WUS formats. The WTRU may be configured, indicated, and / or determine the order to attempt to detect the LP-WUS formats. The WTRU may receive indications on the order of LP-WUS formats to attempt to detect based on signaling and / or indication received (e.g., via SIB, RRC, medium access control (MAC) control element (CE), and / or DO, etc.). The WTRU may attempt to first detect the LP-WUS format that was previously determined by the WTRU or configured and / or indicated to the WTRU. For example, the WTRU may have determined, been indicated, and / or configured with the previous LP- WUS format as part of the detected LP-WUS in the last, preceding, and / or previous MO.

[0153] The WTRU attempts to detect LP-WUS based on at least one of the configured LP-WUS formats. The WTRU may stop the attempt if none of the LP-WUS formats is received or detected within the corresponding one or more MOs.

[0154] The WTRU may successfully detect and / or receive at least one of the configured and / or indicated LP-WUS formats. As such, the WTRU may stop further attempts to detect other LP-WUS formats. The WTRU may wake up the MR if the received and / or detected LP-WUS includes an indication for the WTRU to wake up. The WTRU may wake up the MR to monitor for paging occasions.

[0155] The WTRU may determine that the received and / or detected LP-WUS does not include an indication to wake up the MR. The WTRU may determine to use the received and / or detected LP-WUS for selecting the LP-WUS format for the upcoming, next, future MOs. That is, the WTRU may determine that2024P00066WQ the LP-WUS format used in the upcoming second type MOs is based on the LP-WUS format that the WTRU has determined for the detected LP-WUS in the first type MO. The WTRU may consider, select, and / or use the determined LP-WUS format in the upcoming, next, future second type MOs until the next LP-WUS format may be detected (e.g., in a future first type MO).

[0156] FIG. 4 provides an example of LP-WUS format determination and / or selection. The WTRU that has detected a LP-WUS format 415 or 420 in a first type MO 405 may continue to attempt to detect LP-WUS in upcoming second type MOs based on the detected LP-WUS format 415 or 420.

[0157] A WTRU may fail to receive and / or detect LP-WUS based on the configured LP-WUS formats in the configured first type MOs. The WTRU may determine to not monitor and / or to skip monitoring the configured 2nd type MOs for a determined, indicated, and / or (pre)configured time duration. For example, the WTRU may skip monitoring 2nd type MOs for a (pre)configured number of 1st type MOs (e.g., value N). The WTRU may successfully detect a LP-WUS based on one or more of the configured LP-WUS types in a 1st type MO within the (pre)configured time duration (e.g., N first type MOs). The WTRU may initiate monitoring 2nd type MOs again. The WTRU may decode the detected LP-WUS. Based on the detected LP- WUS, the WTRU may wake-up the MR and / or determine the LP-WUS format to be used in the upcoming MOs (e.g., 2nd type MOs), as described herein.

[0158] If, after the (pre)configured time duration (e.g., N 1st type MOs) elapses and / or the WTRU does not successfully receive and / or detect a LP-WUS, then the WTRU may wake up the MR. Further, the WTRU may start monitoring POs.

[0159] Regarding the 2nd type MO, the WTRU may determine, be configured, and / or indicate that the MO that the WTRU is monitoring is a 2nd type MO. The WTRU may determine to monitor and attempt to detect one or more of the configured, determined, and / or indicated LP-WUS formats in the corresponding MO.The WTRU may then determine the LP-WUS format in the second type MO based on one of the following:

[0160] LP-WUS determination may be based on default format. The WTRU may use a (pre)determined, (pre)configured, and / or (pre)indicated LP-WUS format for detecting LP-WUS in second type ROs. For example, the WTRU may be configured with one or more default LP-WUS formats. The WTRU may receive the (pre)configured and / or (pre)indicated LP-WUS format via SIB, RRC, MAC-CE, DCI, etc.

[0161] A WTRU that starts and / or activates monitoring for LP-WUS in MOs may determine that the first MO is of a second type MO. The WTRU may determine to use the (pre)configured LP-WUS format to detect LP-WUS in the corresponding second type MO. The WTRU may determine the LP-WUS format to be monitored based on one or more configuration and / or indications received as part of the activationindication for LP-WLIS monitoring. The WTRU may determine the LP-WUS format to be monitored based on the (pre)configured (e.g., default) LP-WUS format. The WTRU may determine the LP-WUS format to be monitored based on the index of the LP-WUS formats. The WTRU may select the LP-WUS format with the lowest index.

[0162] The WTRU may determine the resources to receive LP-WUS as part of the 2nd type MO based on one or more resource configuration information and / or the determined LP-WUS format. The WTRU may receive the resource configuration information via SIB, RRC, MAC-CE, DCI, etc. The WTRU may determine the signal structure based on the determined LP-WUS format. The signal structure may include modulation, coding, number of repetitions, and / or DM-RS configuration, etc.

[0163] LP-WUS determination may be based on previous first type MO. The WTRU may determine the LP-WUS format to be used in the second type MO based on the LP-WUS format associated with a detected LP-WUS in a previous, precedent, and / or last first type MO, as described herein. The WTRU may determine the resources to receive LP-WUS in the second type MO based on one or more resource configuration information associated with the determined LP-WUS format.

[0164] The WTRU may change behavior after receiving LP-WUS. A WTRU may determine the mode of operation after successfully receiving and / or detecting a LP-WUS. The WTRU may determine the signals and / or channels to monitor, receive, and / or transmit based on the format and / or content of the received and / or detected LP-WUS. The WTRU may determine the structure of the payload and / or one or more of the supported features based on the determined LP-WUS format. The WTRU may determine the structure of the payload and / or supported features on the received and / or detected LP-WUS and / or determined signal structure. For example, one or more of the following may apply:

[0165] Regarding the LP-WUS with the 1st format: if the received and / or detected LP-WUS is the 1st format, the WTRU may determine if the indicated subgroup ID is associated with WTRU’s configured subgroup. If the WTRU’s configured subgroup ID is indicated in the detected LP-WUS, the WTRU may determine to wake up the MR. Otherwise, if the WTRU’s configured subgroup ID is not indicated in the detected LP-WUS, the WTRU may determine to not wake up the MR. The WTRU may then determine to continue monitoring the LP-WUS.

[0166] Regarding the LP-WUS with the 2nd format: if the received and / or detected LP-WUS is the 2nd format, the WTRU may determine to wake up the MR. The WTRU may wake up the MR to receive one or more paging messages, including PEI, paging PDCCH, and / or paging PDSCH, etc.

[0167] Regarding the LP-WUS with the third format: if the received and / or detected LP-WUS is the third format, the WTRU may determine a wake-up procedure based on the indication received via the received and / or detected LP-WUS. The WTRU may receive an indication via the received and / or detected LP-WUs, where the indication may for example include two-bits. In case the indication has a first value (e.g., value ‘00’), the WTRU may determine to monitor PEI and / or follow legacy paging procedure. In case the indication has a second value (e.g., value ‘01 ’), the WTRU may determine to receive paging PDCCH and / or to monitor legacy paging procedure. In case the indication has a third value (e.g., value ‘10’), the WTRU may determine to transmit PRACH (e.g., for initial access).

[0168] The WTRU may receive one or more signals based on the determined wake up procedure. In another example, the WTRU may transmit one or more signals based on the determined wake up procedure. If the indicated wake-up procedure is monitoring PEI and following the legacy procedure, the WTRU may receive one or more of PEI, paging PDCCH, paging PDSCH, SSBs, and / or random access response (RAR), etc. The WTRU may transmit one or more PRACH and / or PUSCH, etc. If the indicated wake-up procedure is transmitting PRACH, the WTRU may receive one or more SSBs, RAR (e.g., Msg 2), MAC-CE (e.g., Msg 4), and so forth. The WTRU may then transmit one or more PRACH (Msg 1) and / or PUSCH (Msg 3), etc.

[0169] The WTRU may select a format of LP-WUS by detecting formats of LP-WUS received in a configured MO; preconfigured; and / or specified priority order associated with LP-WUS formats. A WTRU may determine a format from two or more formats based on one or more of measurement, detection, preconfigured / specified priority order, etc.

[0170] The WTRU may receive one or more of the following configurations, including, e.g., two or more LP-WUS formats. The WTRU may receive configuration of two or more LP-WUS formats. Each LP-WUS format may include one or more of: capabilities (e.g., information, content, structure, associated functionality) of every LP-WUS format.

[0171] For example, a 1st format LP-WUS may be configured with a 1st group of information. The LP- WUS may include a supporting subgroup-based wake-up indication. A 2nd format LP-WUS may be configured with a 2nd group of information. The 2nd format LP-WUS may include a supporting wake-up indication (e.g., without subgroup-based indication due to limited payload). A 3rd format LP-WUS may be configured with a 3rd group of information. The 3rd format of information may include a supporting subgroup-based wake-up indication and WTRU wake procedure indication; an indication of one of a 1st wake up procedure. Upon the receiving a wake-up indication via LP-WUS, the WTRU may monitor pagingPDCCH and follow the legacy paging monitoring procedure. The 3rdgroup of information may further include a 2nd wake up procedure. Upon the receiving a wake-up indication via LP-WUS, the WTRU may transmit PRACH for initial access.

[0172] The WTRU may receive information regarding signal structure, e.g., modulation, coding, and / or DM-RS configuration. Regarding the structure of the payload, a 1st format LP-WUS with the 1st group of information may carry M bits. A bit may associate with a subgroup ID. A bit may indicate a wake-up indication for WTRUs associated with the subgroup (e.g., bit value 1 for waking-up and / or bit value 0 for not waking-up). A 2nd format LP-WUS with the 2nd group of information may carry one bit information indicating a WTRU receiving the LP-WUS to wake-up (e.g., bit value 1) or not to wake-up (e.g., bit value 0).

[0173] The WTRU may determine the resources to receive LP-WUS and / or signal structure (e.g., modulation, coding, number of repetitions, and / or DM-RS configuration) for a format based on the resource configuration and the configured signal structure for every LP-WUS format.

[0174] The WTRU may receive information regarding LP-WUS MOs. The WTRU may receive configuration of one or more types of LP-WUS MOs. For example, the WTRU may receive configuration of two types of LP-WUS MOs: 1st type LP-WUS MO and a 2nd type LP-WUS MO as seen in FIG. 3.

[0175] The configuration of LP-WUS MOs may include a time-frequency location of the 1st type MO, e.g.: starting time-frequency resource (e.g., offset from WTRU’s PO), bandwidth, duration, and / or periodicity of the 1 st type of MO (e.g., relative periodicity with respect to PO or period with respect to DRX duration).

[0176] The configuration of LP-WUS MOs may include a number of 2nd type MOs (M) interlaced between two 1 st type LP-WUS MOs, relative starting time-frequency resource of the first 2nd type MO with respect to one of the 1st type MOs, bandwidth, and / or duration of the 2nd type MO.

[0177] The configuration of LP-WUS MOs may include resource configuration of each format of LP-WUSs within the 1st type MOs and / or the 2nd type MOs (e.g., starting time-frequency resource within the respective type of MO, bandwidth, and / or duration of each LP-WUS format). E.g. The WTRU configured with two formats of LP-WUS (e.g., 1st format and / or 2nd format) may receive resources configuration for each configured format of the LP-WUS in each type of MO (e.g., 1st type and / or 2nd type MO). The WTRU configured with three formats of LP-WUS (e.g.., 1st format, 2nd format, and / or 3rd format) may receive resources configuration for each configured format of the LP-WUS in each type of MO (e.g., 1 st type and / or 2nd type MO).

[0178] The WTRU may receive information regarding uplink resources. The WTRU may receive configuration of uplink resources for transmitting one or more channels and / or signals. The one or morechannels and / or signals may be one or more of PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, SRS, DMRS, and / or PTRS, etc. The WTRU may be configured with one or more UL RSs and / or resources for UL RS transmission via MR and / or LR (e.g., UL RSs associated with each LP-WUS format, WTRU ID and / or LP-WUS ID, and / or a WTRU group ID and / or PO).

[0179] The WTRU may receive information regarding UL resources and / or configuration of a priority order. The WTRU may receive one or more configurations for determining a priority order of LP-WUS format (e.g., in the case multiple LP-WUS formats are detected in a 1st type MO.) e.g. The WTRU may receive explicit indications and / or configurations of priority order (e.g., via one or more of SI, RRC signaling and MAC CE). For example, the WTRU may receive an indication of priority order (e.g., for each format and / or each information group). For example, the WTRU may receive an indication of priority e.g., 1st format as a high priority, 2nd format as a medium priority, and / or 3rd format as a lower priority.

[0180] The WTRU may receive information regarding combination of a priority order and / or a threshold with measurements (e.g., WTRU speed, signal quality (e.g., RSRP or signal to noise ratio (SI NR)), and / or pathloss, etc.). The WTRU may receive more than one priority order. For example, a e.g.1st priority order may be configured as high to low priority order, or 1st format, 2nd format, then 3rd format). A 2nd priority order may be configured as high to low priority order, or 2nd format, 1st format, then 3rd format. The WTRU may receive and / or determine a threshold for measurements for selecting a priority order. For example, if the measured quality (e.g., WTRU speed) is greater than the preconfigured threshold, the WTRU may use the configured 2nd priority order. If the measured quality (e.g., WTRU speed) is less than the preconfigured threshold, the WTRU may use the 1st configured priority order.

[0181] The WTRU may select and / or transmit one or more UL signals and / or channels in the configured UL resources. The UL transmission may indicate one or more of selected and / or preferred one or more LP- WUS formats, need for LP-WUS format update, mis-detection of one or more LP-WUSs, quality of LP- SS / LP-WUS to the gNB, and / or to support the gNB to measure the LP-WUS and / or LP-SS quality (e.g., based on channel reciprocity).

[0182] The WTRU may activate LP-WUS monitoring (e.g., based on the configuration of LP-WUS MOs). The activation may be based on measurements of quality (e.g., one or more of RSRP, reference signal received quality (RSRQ), SINR, and / or WTRU traffic, etc.). If the quality (e.g., RSRP) is higher than a threshold, the WTRU may activate LP-WUS monitoring. If the quality (e.g., WTRU traffic) is lower than a threshold, the WTRU may activate LP-WUS monitoring. The WTRU may activate LP-WUS monitoring based on a received indication (e.g., via a RRC release message, one or more paging signals, SI).

[0183] The WTRU may monitor LP-WUS formats based on the configuration (e.g., in the configured MOs). The WTRU may use a different WTRU operation based on a type of LP-WUS MO. If the MO is of the 1st type MO, the WTRU may monitor for LP-WUS using all the configured LP-WUS formats.

[0184] FIG. 5 depicts LP-WUS format switching at (pre)configured 1st type LP-WUS MOs 505 based on two or more detected LP-WUS formats 515, 520, 525 and a LP-WUS format selection criteria. The WTRU may attempt to detect (e.g., blindly) one or more LP-WUS formats 515, 520, 525 among the preconfigured LP-WUS formats 515, 520, 525 by attempting to receive all the preconfigured LP-WUS formats 515, 520, 525 as depicted in FIG. 5. Based on the detection, the WTRU may determine one or more LP-WUS formats 515, 520, 525 to be received in a MO (e.g., a 2nd type MO 510) by using one or more of the following methods:

[0185] The WTRU may determine success and / or failure of each LP-WUS format 515, 520, 525 (e.g., based on a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) and / or detection of a sequence associated with each LP-WUS). If the WTRU successfully detects one LP-WUS format 515, 520, 525 (e.g., out of the two or more configured LP-WUS formats 515, 520, 525), then the WTRU may determine the detected format as a format to be monitored in the subsequent 2nd type MOs 510 (e.g., in the configured 2nd type MOs 510 until the next 1st type MO 505) as depicted in FIG. 5. If the WTRU detects two or more LP-WUS formats 515, 520, 525 out of the configured formats, then the WTRU may determine a format of LP-WUS 515, 520, 525 to be used for a configured duration (e.g., until the next 1st type MO 505), based on the priority order of LP- WUS formats 515, 520, 525. For example, if the WTRU successfully receives a 1st format 515 and a 2nd format 520 of LP-WUSs in the 1 st type MO 505, then the WTRU may selects the 1 st format LP-WUS 515 (e.g., for LP-WUS monitoring until the subsequent 1st type MO 505) if the 1st format 515 has a higher priority than the 2nd format 520(e.g., based on the priority order).

[0186] The priority order may be one or more of received configured and / or indicated (e.g., by the gNB and / or CN) and a predefined order. The predefined order may be based on one or more of the following parameters, including PEI configuration. If PEI is configured, then the WTRU may give high priority to 2nd format LP-WUS over 1st format and / or 3rd format. Parameters may further include supported type of traffic: if the WTRU is configured to support delay sensitive traffic, the WTRU may give high priority to 3rd format over 1st and / or 2nd type LP-WUS formats.

[0187] Parameters may further include DRX cycle type (e.g., long DRX cycle and / or short DRX cycle).e.g. If long DRX cycle is configured, the WTRU may give high priority to 3rd format over 1st and / or 2nd formats.If short DRX cycle is configured, the WTRU may give high priority to 1 st format over 2nd and / or 3rd formats.

[0188] Parameters may further include default specification, e.g., 3rd format, 1st format, 2nd format (high to low priority). The priority order may be based on both configured and / or indicated priority order and the predefined priority order. For example, the WTRU may firstly determine the priority order of configured LP- WUS formats based on the received configuration and / or indication. If the priority order is not fully determined for all the received LP-WUS formats, the WTRU may use the specified priority to determine the priority order for rest of the formats.

[0189] The WTRU may determine a mode of operation for the priority order. For example, if the WTRU did not receive configuration and / or indication for determining the priority order, the WTRU may apply the predefined priority order. The WTRU may monitor LP-WUS based the configured MOs and / or the one or more of LP-WUS formats. The one or more formats may be one or more of the following: A format determined in the previous 1st type MO. For example, if the 2nd type MO is taking place after the 1st type MO since the activation of LP-WUS monitoring, the WTRU may determine a LP-WUS format based on the last 1 st type MO (e.g., if the WTRU successful detected at least one LP-WUS format in the last 1 st type MO). Moreover, the WTRU may determine to monitor a preconfigured default format LP-WUS in the 2nd type MOs (e.g., in the case WTRU fails to detect at least one LP-WUS format in the last 1st type MO).

[0190] A format may also be a default format or configured format. For example, if the 2nd type MO is the first MO after activating LP-WUS monitoring, the WTRU may use a configured and / or indicated LP-WUS format for monitoring (e.g., from the gNB (e.g., via LP-WUS activation indication, RRC signaling and / or SI and / or a default LP-WUS format (e.g., LP-WUS format with the lowest index)).

[0191] The WTRU may indicate a determined LP-WUS format to the gNB by transmitting UL channels and signals (e.g., by transmitting a UL RSs associated with the determined LP-WUS format on a preconfigured UL resource). The WTRU may determine a fall-back operation. For example, if the WTRU may fail to detect a LP-WUS (e.g., out of the activated formats) in a 1st type MO. The WTRU may not detect a LP-WUS format in preconfigured N number of subsequent 1st type MOs while attempting to monitor LP-WUS of a preconfigured default format in the 2nd type MOs (e.g., 2nd format LP-WUS). The WTRU may start to activate MR and / or support corresponding operations (e.g., monitoring regular paging occasions by using MR).

[0192] The WTRU may support a wake-up procedure (e.g., deactivating LP-WUR and / or activating MR). For example, when the WTRU receives a LP-WUS, the WTRU may determine to wake-up (e.g., to monitorpaging signals) and / or continue to monitor LP-WUS based on the wake-up indication received in the LP- WUS. The WTRU may also determine a WTRU operation (e.g., after activation of MR) based on the format and / or the content of the LP-WUS. The signals and / or channels to monitor, receive, and / or transmit may be determined based on the format / content of the LP-WUS. For example, the WTRU may perform one or more of the following.

[0193] The WTRU may determine the structure of the payload of the signals and / or channels, and supported features based on the determined LP-WUS format. Based on the received LP-WUS, structure of the payload, and supported features, the WTRU may determine one or more of the following:

[0194] To wake-up and / or continue to monitor LP-WUS, if the LP-WUS is of the 1st format, then the WTRU may wake up (e.g., and / or monitor paging messages) if a subgroup ID associated with the WTRU is indicated among the subgroup of WTRUs to wake up (e.g., in a bit map) via the LP-WUS. Otherwise, the WTRU may continue to monitor LP-WUS. If the LP-WUS is of the 2nd format, and the WTRU receives a wake-up indication (e.g., 1 bit indication), then the WTRU may wake up and / or receive one or more paging messages (e.g., PEI, paging PDCCH, and / or paging PDSCH). Otherwise, the WTRU may continue to monitor LP-WUS.

[0195] Regarding the wake-up procedure, if the LP-WUS is of the 3rd format, the WTRU may determine a wake-up procedure based on the indication received via LP-WUS. e.g. The WTRU may receive a two-bit indication ‘00’ for monitoring PEI and follow legacy paging procedure, ‘01’ for receiving paging PDCCH and monitor legacy paging procedure, and ‘10’ for transmitting PRACH for initial access.

[0196] Based on the determined wake-up procedure, the WTRU may receive one or more additional signals and / or transmit one or more additional signals. If the indicated wake-up procedure is monitoring PEI and / or following the legacy procedure, then the WTRU may receive one or more of: PEI, paging PDCCH, paging PDSCH, SSBs, RAR and / or transmits one or more of PRACH resources, PUSCH. If the indicated wake-up procedure transmits PRACH for initial access, the WTRU may receive, SSBs, RAR (e.g., Msg 2), MAC-CE (e.g., Msg 4) and / or transmits PRACH resources (Msg 1) and / or PUSCH (Msg 3).

[0197] A WTRU may determine to receive PEI-PDCCH based on selected LP-WUS format. The WTRU may receive one or more of the following configurations and / or indications via SI, RRC signaling, RRC release message, MAC-CE and / or DCI.

[0198] A WTRU may receive two or more LP-WUS formats. For example, the WTRU may receive configuration for two LP-WUS formats e.g., a first LP-WUS format and a second LP-WUS format.

[0199] A WTRU may determine to receive PEI-PDCCH based on one or more resources for measuring LP-WUS associated to one or more LP-WUS formats. The WTRU may receive one or more of the following resource configurations associated to one or more of the indicated and / or configured LP-WUS formats (e.g., for a first LP-WUS format, and a second LP-WUS format): time frequency resources indicating measurement resource for LP-WUS; periodicity of the LP-WUS measurement resource; and / or offset to a time frequency resource. The WTRU may receive one or more offsets with respect to PO, indicating one or more time-frequency resources for one or more LP-WUS formats. In another example, the WTRU may receive an offset to the time frequency resource of a first LP-WUS format may indicate a timefrequency resource for a second LP-WUS format; and / or MO associated to one or more LP-WUS formats.

[0200] Configurations and / or indications may further include: one of more of the following parameters associated to paging and / or DRX: WTRU IDs; DRX cycle duration; number of paging frames per paging cycle; paging frame offset (PF_offset); and / or the number of paging occasions per PF.

[0201] A WTRU may determine to receive PEI-PDCCH based on PEI, and / or PDCCH (e.g., paging and / or DCI PDCCH). For example, the WTRU may receive (e.g., through MR or LR) a configuration of a PEI- PDCCH via DCI (e.g., DCI format 2_7)

[0202] A WTRU may determine to receive PEI-PDCCH based on two or more subgroupings (e.g., 1st subgrouping, 2nd subgrouping, and / or 3 subgrouping). The WTRU may receive one or more of the following parameters associated to one or more subgroups: the WTRU may receive an indication of number of subgroups associated to one or more PO and / or number of subgroups for one or more LP-WUS format and / or resource from the core network (CN) and / or gNB (e.g., via SI, RRC signaling, and / or RRC release message). The WTRU may receive two or more subgroup IDs (e.g., 1st subgroup ID, 2nd subgroup ID, and / or 3rd subgroup ID) from the CN and / or gNB (e.g., via RRC release message, SI, and / or RRC signaling).

[0203] Configurations and / or indications relevant to how a WTRU may determine to receive PEI-PDCCH based on may further include: the association between one or more of subgroupings, one or more of LP- WUS format and / or PEI-PDCCH. In an example, based on the condition that the WTRU may be configured with two subgroupings and two LP-WUS formats, the PEI-PDCCH may be associated with the 1st subgrouping, and 1st format LP-WUS may be associated with the 2nd subgrouping, and / or the 2nd format LP-WUS may be associated with no subgrouping.

[0204] Based on the condition that the WTRU may be configured with configured with three subgroupings and / or two LP-WUS formats, the PEI-PDCCH may associate with the 1st subgrouping. The 1 st format LP-WUS may be associated with the 2nd subgrouping. The 2nd format LP-WUS may be associated with 3rd subgrouping.

[0205] Configurations and / or indications may further include: one or more UL RS resources. The WTRU may receive a configuration of one or more of UL RS resources for UL RS transmission via MR and / or LR. For example, the WTRU may receive a configuration of one or more UL RS resources for one or more UL RSs associated with one or more LP-WUS formats, one or more WTRU IDs, one or more LP-WUS IDs and / or one or more PCs. Another such configuration and / or indication may include two or more group and / or type of sequences. For example, the WTRU may receive one or more configuration parameters for two or more Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequences.

[0206] The WTRU may select and / or transmit one or more UL RSs on the configured RS resources indicating selected and / or preferred one or more LP-WUS formats, and / or quality of one or more of LP- SS / LP-WUS to the gNB. The WTRU may transmit one or more UL RSs to support the gNB to measure the LP-WUS / LP-SS quality (e.g., based on channel reciprocity).

[0207] The WTRU may receive an indication indicating activation of LP-WUS monitoring (e.g., via a RRC release message, one or more paging signals, SI). The WTRU may determine and / or select a format of LP- WUS and / or receive a configuration and / or indication of LP-WUS format from the gNB.

[0208] The WTRU may determine a format of LP-WUS based on the quality of a signal received via LR (e.g., LP-SS RSRP), or status of the WTRU (e.g., mobility, LOS probability, WTRU location).

[0209] The WTRU may measure LP-SS. Based on the measurement, the WTRU may determine the quality (e.g., RSRP) of the LP-SS. Based on the condition that the determined quality of LP-SS is less than a preconfigured RSRP threshold, the WTRU may determine the 1st format of LP-WUS. Based on the condition that the determined quality of LP-SS greater than the preconfigured RSRP threshold, the WTRU may determine the 2nd format of LP-WUS.

[0210] The WTRU may determine WTRU speed based on measured RS (e.g., LP-SS measurement) and / or via location management function (LMF). Based on the condition that the WTRU speed is greater than preconfigure threshold on mobility, the WTRU may determine the 1st format of LP-WUS. Based on the condition that the WTRU speed is less than the preconfigure threshold on mobility, the WTRU may determine the 2nd format of LP-WUS.

[0211] The WTRU may determine a format of LP-WUS based on the configuration and / or indication received from the gNB. The WTRU may receive a LP-WUS format indication via one or more of a LP- WUS, and / or a sequence associated with LP-SS. For example, WTRU may receive a LP-WUS formatindication via one or more of a LP-WUS, and / or a sequence associated with LP-SS based on the condition that LP-WUS monitoring procedure is activated.

[0212] Based on the condition that the WTRU is indicated and / or configured with a first type sequence and / or a sequence in the first group via LP-SS, the WTRU may determine to receive / measure 1st format LP-WUS. Based on the condition that the WTRU is indicated and / or configured with a second type sequence and / or a sequence in the second group via LP-SS, the WTRU may determine to measure / receive the 2nd format LP-WUS.

[0213] The WTRU may receive a configuration and / or indication from the gNB (e.g., via RRC signaling, RRC release message, or SI) before the WTRU is indicated to activate LP-WUS monitoring procedure. The WTRU may receive and / or measure a LP-WUS of the indicated and / or determined format. Based on the wake-up indication received / decoded by the WTRU via the LP-WUS, the WTRU may determine to wake up MR and / or continue to monitor LP-WUS.

[0214] Based on the condition that the WTRU measured, detected, and / or received the 1 st format LP- WUS, and / or a 1st format LP-WUS may be associated with the 2nd subgrouping, the WTRU may determine to wake-up MR based on the condition that the WTRU’s subgroup ID based on the 2nd subgrouping is received via LP-WUS (e.g., indicated via a bit map). Based on the condition that the WTRU measured, detected, and / or received the 2nd format LP-WUS, and the 2nd format LP-WUS may not be associated with a subgrouping and / or subgroup, the WTRU may determine to wake-up MR based on the condition that the indication received and / or decoded via LP-WUS is to wake up and / or turn on the MR. For example, one or more WTRUs (e.g., the WTRUs whose LP-WUS monitoring procedure is active) may receive 1 bit indication indicating to wake-up and / or turn on MR). A WTRU may wake-up and / or turn on MR based on the indication received via a LP-WUS. The WTRU may determine to receive and / or measure or skip reception / measurement of PEI-PDCCH based on the format of the received LP-WUS.

[0215] Based on the condition that the received / measured LP-WUS is of the 2nd format, the WTRU may receive / measure PEI-PDCCH. The WTRU may determine to keep MR awake or continue monitoring the LP-WUS via LR based on an indication received in PEI-PDCCH.

[0216] Based on the condition that the WTRU decodes and / or receives its subgroup ID corresponding to 1st subgrouping based on the received and / or measured the PEI-PDCCH, the WTRU may determine to keep MR awake and / or receive and / or transmit one or more signals and / or channels (e.g., the WTRU may monitor paging signals, and / or transmit a PRACH to reconnect). Based on the condition that the WTRU is unable to detect / receive its subgroup ID corresponding to the 1st subgrouping in the PEI-PDCCH, theWTRU may switch to LP-WUS monitoring. Based on the condition that the measured and / or received LP- WUS is of the 1st format, the WTRU may determine to skip reception and / or measurement of PEI-PDCCH and / or receive and / or transmit one or more signals and / or channels (e.g., the WTRU may monitor paging signals and / or transmit a PRACH to reconnect to the gNB and / or CN).

[0217] A WTRU may receive subgrouping based early indication via two early indication signals. A WTRU may receive subgroup-based (e.g., wake-up) indication (e.g., for monitoring paging) via one or more early indication signals (EISs). EISs may include LP-WUS, and / or PEI based on PDCCH (e.g., DCI format 2_7), and / or any similar early indication signal and / or channel.

[0218] A WTRU may be configured with two LP-WUSs, e.g., both 1st EIS and 2nd EIS are LP-WUSs. The WTRU may monitor both LP-WUSs via LP-WUR. A WTRU may be configured with one LP-WUS as a 1st EIS and / or a PEI based on PDCCH (PEI-PDCCH) as a 2nd EIS. The WTRU may receive and / or monitor 1st EIS (e.g., LP-WUS) via LP-WUR and / or the 2nd EIS via the MR.

[0219] The subgroup-based (e.g., wake-up) indication between different EISs may be associated. For example, when a WTRU is configured with two EISs (e.g., 1st EIS and 2nd EIS where WTRU receives 1st EIS prior to receiving 2nd EIS), the WTRU may first receive the 1st EIS which indicates a subgroup-based (e.g., wake-up) indication. After receiving the 1st EIS, the WTRU may receive the 2nd EIS which may indicate the subgroup-based (e.g., wake-up) indication for the subgroups of WTRUs indicated (e.g., to wake-up) via the 1st EIS.

[0220] Using the subgroup-based (e.g., wake-up) indication, jointly received via 1st EIS and 2nd EIS, a WTRU may determine to receive and / or monitor one or more DL signals and / or channels (e.g., monitor paging by receiving paging PDCCH, paging PDSCH). The WTRU may further determine to transmit one or more UL signals and / or channels (e.g., transmit a PRACH resource, MsgA requesting to reconnect to the network).

[0221] The WTRU may receive a configuration. A WTRU may receive one or more of the following configurations and / or indications (e.g., via RRC signaling, MAC-CE indication, SI, and / or RRC release message): two or more EISs (e.g., 1st EIS and 2nd EIS), where the WTRU receives the first EIS prior to receiving the 2nd EIS. For example, the WTRU may be configured with two LP-WUSs as the 1st and the 2nd EISs. Further, the WTRU may be configured with a LP-WUS as the 1st EIS and / or a PEI-PDCCH as the 2nd EIS.

[0222] Configurations may also include one or more subgrouping configurations (e.g., via RRC signaling and / or SI, RRC release message). For example, the WTRU may receive two subgrouping configurations: a1st subgrouping configuration associated with 1st EIS and a 2nd subgrouping configuration associated with 2nd EIS. The WTRU may receive one or more WTRU IDs to determine two subgroup IDs based on the 1st and 2nd subgrouping configurations). Based on the configured subgrouping configuration, the WTRU may determine two subgroup IDs: a 1st subgroup ID associated with the 1st EIS, and a 2nd subgroup ID associated with the 2nd EIS.

[0223] For example, the WTRU may receive 1 subgrouping configurations (e.g., subgrouping configurations for 2nd EIS, note: 1st EIS associated with no subgrouping in this case). Based on the configured subgrouping configuration, the WTRU may determine a subgroup IDs (a subgroup ID associated with the 2nd EIS)

[0224] Configurations may include: Resource configuration for receiving each EIS. For example, if both 1st EIS and 2nd EIS are LP-WUS, the WTRU may receive resource configuration for receiving two LP- WUSs via LR (e.g., two LP-WUS MOs for the 1st EIS and the 2nd EIS).

[0225] If a 1st EIS is a LP-WUS and the 2nd EIS is a PEI-PDCCH, the WTRU may receive a resource configuration for receiving one LP-WUS via LR (e.g., a LP-WUS MO for the 1st EIS) and / or a resource configuration for receiving a PDCCH via the MR (e.g., SS / PDCCH MO for 2nd EIS).

[0226] A WTRU may receive an indication for activating LP-WUS monitoring (e.g., RRC signaling, RRC release message, paging PDCCH, paging PDSCH, SI). Based on the indication received, the WTRU may start monitoring LP-WUS via LR (e.g., while the MR is in a deep sleep state).

[0227] A WTRU may monitor early indication signaling from the gNB via one or more EISs. The WTRU may receive a 1st EIS (e.g., 1st LP-WUS) via configure resources for the 1st EIS and / or based on the indication received in the 1st EIS, the WTRU may determine to receive 2nd EIS (e.g., 2nd LP-WUS or PEI- PDCCH). The WTRU may continue to monitor LP-WUS.

[0228] The WTRU may determine its subgroup ID for the 1st EIS based on the received subgrouping configuration for the 1st EIS. If the WTRU receives an indication (e.g., a subgroup-based wake-up indication in a bit map), the WTRU may determine to receive the 2nd EIS. If the WTRU does not receive an indication, the WTRU may determine to skip the 2nd EIS and / or keep monitoring for 1st EIS via LR (e.g., in subsequent 1st EIS monitoring resources). In the special case where a subgrouping configuration is configured for the 2nd EIS, the WTRU may determine to monitor for 2nd EIS based on the wake-up indication (e.g., no subgroup-based wake up indication), received via 1st EIS. For example, if WTRU receives the 1st EIS successfully, the WTRU may determine to receive the 2nd EIS. If the WTRU fails toreceive the 1st El S, the WTRLI may determine to skip monitoring 2nd EIS and continue to monitor for 1st EIS via LR (e.g., in subsequent 1st EIS monitoring resources).

[0229] Based on the indication received in the 1 st EIS, the WTRU may attempt to receive 2nd EIS. For example, if the 2nd EIS is a LP-WUS, the WTRU may attempt to receive the 2nd EIS via LR by monitoring resources configured for the 2nd EIS (e.g., monitors a LP-WUS MO via MR). If the 2nd EIS is a PEI- PDCCH, the WTRU may wake-up its MR and attempt to receive 2nd EIS (a PEI-PDCCH) via MR by monitoring resources configured form monitoring the 2nd EIS (e.g., monitors a SS / PDCCH MO via MR).

[0230] Based on the success or failure of receiving 2nd EIS, the WTRU may follow one or more of these solutions: if the WTRU fails to receive the 2nd EIS, the WTRU may wake-up the MR (e.g., for monitoring regular paging and / or transmit a PRACH resource and initiate initial access procedure to reconnect to the network).

[0231] If the WTRU successfully receives the 2nd EIS, the WTRU may determine to wake-up or to continue and / or return to monitoring LP-WUS based on the collective indication received via a 1st EIS and a 2nd EIS. To this end, the WTRU may follow one or more of the following:

[0232] The WTRU may determine the structure of the 2nd EIS based on the indication received in the 1st EIS. For example, the subgrouping configuration of 1st EIS (1st subgrouping configuration) may correspond to 4 subgroups per EIS with IDs {0, 1 , 2, 3} (denoted by, 1st EIS subgroup ID 0, 1st EIS subgroup ID 1, 1st EIS subgroup ID 2, 1st EIS subgroup ID 3, respectively) and subgrouping configuration of 2nd EIS (2nd subgrouping configuration) corresponds to 8 subgroups with IDs {0, 1 , 2, ...,7}.

[0233] FIG. 6 depicts subgroup-based wake-up indication by joint indication via LP-WUS 605 and a paging early indication (PEI) 610. As seen in FIG. 6, consider a 1st example configuration 615, where WTRU receives 1st EIS indication {1 , 0, 1, 0} where, each bit in the 1st EIS indication indicates the wakeup indication of a subgroup of WTRUs determined based on the subgrouping configuration of 1st EIS. The WTRU may determine that payload structure of 2nd EIS is in the form of {1 st octant, 2nd octant}. The 1 st octant may indicate subgroup-based wake-up indication (based on 2nd subgrouping configuration) of subgroup of WTRUs with 1st EIS subgroup ID 0. The 2nd octant may indicate subgroup-based wake-up indication (based on 2nd subgrouping configuration) correspond to the subgroup of WTRUs with 1st EIS subgroup ID 2. Each octant (e.g., a bit map) may indicate the subgroup-based wake-up indication for 8 subgroups configured via 2nd subgrouping configuration (subgrouping configuration associated with 2nd EIS), as seen in FIG. 6.

[0234] Consider another example configuration, where the WTRLI receives 1st El S indication {1, 1 , 1 , 0}. The WTRU may determine that payload structure of 2nd EIS is in the form of {1st octant, 2nd octant, 3rd octant}. The 1st octant may indicate subgroup-based wake-up indication (based on 2nd subgrouping configuration) of subgroup of WTRUs with 1st EIS subgroup ID 0. The 2nd octant may indicate subgroupbased wake-up indication (based on 2nd subgrouping configuration) correspond to the subgroup of WTRUs with 1st EIS subgroup ID 1. The 3rd octant may indicate subgroup-based wake-up indication (based on 2nd subgrouping configuration) correspond to the subgroup of WTRUs with 1st EIS subgroup ID 2. Each octant (e.g., a bit map) may indicate the subgroup-based wake-up indication for 8 subgroups configured via 2nd subgrouping configuration (e.g., subgrouping configuration associated with 2nd EIS).

[0235] The WTRU may identify its wake-up indication received in the 2nd EIS, based on the payload structure determined via the indication receives in the 1st EIS, and the WTRU’s subgroup ID determined based on the subgrouping configuration associated with the 2nd EIS. Subsequently, the WTRU may determine to wake-up or continue and / or return to monitoring LP-WUS based on the received wake-up indication via 2nd EIS.

[0236] In another example configuration, if the WTRU’s 1st EIS subgroup ID is 0, then the WTRU may determine its wake-up indication from the 1st octant. In this example configuration, if the WTRU’s 1st EIS subgroup ID is 2, then the WTRU may determine its wake up indicate from the 2nd octant. If a 2nd EIS is a LP-WUS and / or based on the indication received via 2nd EIS WTRU determines to wake-up, then the WTRU may turn on the MR and / or receive one or more signals / channel (e.g., paging PDCCH, paging PDSCH, Msg4, and / or SI) via the MR. The WTRU may transmit one or more signals via the MR (e.g., PRACH resource to reconnect to the network, Msg1, MsgA, and / or Msg3).

[0237] If a 2nd EIS is a PEI-PDCCH and / or based on the indication received via the 2nd EIS determines to wake-up the WTRU, then the WTRU may receive one or more signals and / or channels (e.g., paging PDCCH, paging PDSCH, Msg4, and / or SI). The WTRU may receive these channels via the MR. The WTRU may transmit one or more signals via MR (e.g., PRACH resource to reconnect to the network, Msg1 , MsgA, and / or Msg3). If the 2nd EIS is a LP-WUS and / or indication received via 2nd EIS does not indicate the WTRU to wake-up, then the WTRU may continue to monitor LP-WUS via LR.

[0238] If the 2nd EIS is a PEI-PDCCH and indication received via 2nd EIS does not indicates the WTRU to wake-up, the WTRU may turn off MR (e.g., place in a deep sleep state) and continue to monitor LP-WUS via LR.

[0239] The WTRU may select LP-WUS format based on gNB determination. In a solution, a WTRU may determine a format from two or more formats based on one or more measurements, detections, and / or indications received from the gNB and / or CN, etc.

[0240] The WTRU may receive one or more of the following configurations and / or indications (e.g., via RRC signaling and / or SI, and / or RRC release message): the WTRU may receive configurations and / or indications for three or more LP-WUS formats. For example, the WTRU may receive three or more LP- WUS formats (e.g., via SI, RRC signaling) and each LP-WUS format may include one or more of the following:

[0241] The LP-WUS formats may include capabilities (e.g., information, content, structure, associated functionality) of each LP-WUS format. For example, a 1st format of LP-WUS may be configured with 1st group of information (e.g., supporting subgroup-based wake-up indication). A 2nd format may be configured with a 2nd group of information (e.g., supports wake-up indication, without subgroup-based indication), 3rd format of LP-WUS may be configured with a 3rd group if information (e.g., supports indicating LP-WUS format updates and / or wake-up indication (e.g., a subgroup-based wake-up indication with less granularity than the 1st format LP-WUS).

[0242] The WTRU may receive configurations and / or indications including a signal structure of each LP- WUS format. For example, a WTRU may receive the configuration of one or more of the following (e.g., via RRC signaling and / or SI). The WTRU may receive configurations including modulation (e.g. OOK1 , OOK4, and / or OOK with or without overlaid OFDM sequence). For example, a 1st format LP-WUS may be configured with OOK4 modulation, and a 2nd format LP-WUS may be configured with OOK1 modulation.

[0243] The WTRU may receive configurations including channel coding method and coding rate. For example, a first LP-WUS format is configured with 1st coding rate. 2nd LP-WUS format is configured with 2nd coding rate.

[0244] The WTRU may receive configurations including DM-RS configuration (e.g., in the case LP-WUS is of OFDM based). For example, a 1st LP-WUS format is configured with 1st DM-RS configuration (e.g., first DM-RS density) and / or a 2nd LP-WUS is configured with 2nd DM-RS configuration (e.g., 2nd DM-RS density).

[0245] The WTRU may receive configurations including number of repetitions (e.g., maximum number of repetitions). For example, a 1st LP-WUS format is configured with a 1st number of repetitions, and / or a 2nd LP-WUS is configured with a 2nd number of repetitions, etc. The WTRU may receive configurations including bandwidth. For example, a 1 st LP-WUS format is configured with a 1 st bandwidth, a 2nd LP-WUSis configured with a 2nd bandwidth, etc. The WTRU may receive configurations including duration (e.g., number of OFDM symbols, slots). For example, a 1st LP-WUS format is configured with a 1st duration, a 2nd LP-WUS format is configured with a 2nd duration.

[0246] The WTRU may receive configurations including SCS (e.g., 15 kHz SCS and / or 30 kHz SCS). For example, a 1st LP-WUS format is configured with a 1st SCS, a 2nd LP-WUS format is configured with a 2nd SCS.

[0247] The WTRU may determine the resources to receive LP-WUS and signal structure (e.g., modulation, coding, number of repetitions, and / or DM-RS configuration) for each format based on the resource configuration and the configured signal structure for each LP-WUS format.

[0248] The WTRU may receive configurations and / or indications including LP-WUS MOs. For example, WTRU may receive configuration of three or more types of LP-WUS MOs, e.g., a 1st type MO 705, a 2nd type MO 710, and / or a 3rd type MO 715. FIG. 7 depicts a configuration of 1st 705, 2nd 710, and 3rd type 715 MOs.

[0249] The configuration of three types of MOs may include one or combination of the following: the WTRU may receive configurations including time-frequency resources of the 1st type MO 705. For example, the WTRU may receive (e.g., via RRC signaling and / or SI) configurations including starting timefrequency resource (e.g., an offset from the WTRU’s PO and / or PF, and / or an offset from LP-SS transmission, offset from starting symbol of a slot or frame); bandwidth of 1st type MO (e.g., number of RBs); duration (e.g., duration in terms of OFDM symbols and / or slots); and / or periodicity of the 1st type of MO 705 (e.g., relative periodicity with respect to POs of the WTRU or period with respect to DRX duration). Based on the received one or more configurations, the WTRU may determine the time-frequency resources of the 1st type MOs 705.

[0250] The WTRU may receive configuration including time-frequency resources of the 2nd type MO 710. For example, the WTRU may receive (e.g., via RRC signaling and / or SI) configurations including number of 2nd type MOs 710 (M) interlaced between two 1st type MOs 705; starting time-frequency resource (e.g., relative) of the first 2nd type MO 710 (e.g., with respect to a (e.g., starting time-frequency resources of) MO of the 1st type 705; bandwidth of 2nd type MO 710; duration of the 2nd type MO 710 (e.g., duration in terms of OFDM symbols, slots). Based on the receive one or more configurations, the WTRU may determine time-frequency of the 2nd type MOs 710.

[0251] The WTRU may receive configuration including time-frequency resources of the 3rd type MO 715. For example, the WTRU may receive (e.g., via RRC signaling and / or SI) relative starting time-frequencyresource of the 3rd type MO 715 with respect to 1st type MOs 705 (e.g., offset); bandwidth (e.g., number of RBs); and / or duration of the 3rd type MO 715 (e.g., duration in terms of OFDM symbols, slots). Based on the received one or more configurations, the WTRU may determine time-frequency of the 3rd type MOs 715.

[0252] The WTRU may receive configurations and / or indications including resource configuration of each LP-WUSs formats associated with each LP-WUS MOs, e.g., starting time-frequency resource within the MO, bandwidth, and / or duration of each LP-WUS format.

[0253] The 1st and 2nd format LP-WUS may be associated with 1st and / or 2nd type MOs. The WTRU may receive resources configuration of 1st and / or 2nd format LP-WUSs in each type of MO (e.g., 1st type and / or 2nd type MO). The resource configuration may include starting time-frequency resource within the MO (e.g., an offset from the starting position of the MO), bandwidth, and / or duration of each LP-WUS format.

[0254] The 3rd format LP-WUS may be associated with 3rd type MO. The WTRU may receive resource configuration of 3rd format LP-WUS within 3rd type MO. The resource configuration may include starting time-frequency resource within the MO (e.g., an offset from the starting position of the MO), bandwidth, and / or duration of each LP-WUS format.

[0255] The WTRU may receive a threshold on LP-WUS format determination attempt via 1 st and / or 3rd type MO (denoted by N). Configuration for paging and DRX operation (e.g., via SI, RRC signaling, and / or RRC release message). The configuration may include one or more of, a WTRU ID, a DRX cycle duration, number of paging frames per paging cycle, a paging frame offset (PF_offset), and / or the number of paging occasions per PF.

[0256] The WTRU may receive UL resources to report LP-WUS and / or LP-SS quality via MR and / or LR. In a solution, the WTRU may receive one or more of the following resources and / or configurations for reporting LP-WUS and / or LP-SS quality via the MR. For example, the WTRU may receive an UL grant and / or resources (e.g., a preconfigured PUSCH resource and grant) to report measurements associated with LP-WUS and / or LP-SS, and / or preferred LP-WUS formats and / or preferred LP-WUS configuration (e.g., modulation) via MR.

[0257] The WTRU may receive one or more UL resources (e.g., PRACH resources) to indicate status of LP-WUS and / or LP-SS quality. For example, the UL resources may indicate that LP-WUS BLER is greater than a BLER threshold; LP-SS RSRP is lower than a RSRP threshold; the level of synchronization is lower than a synchronization threshold; LP-WUS MDR is greater than a MDR threshold; LP-WUS DR is lowerthan a DR threshold). The WTRU may receive BLER threshold, RSRP threshold, synchronization threshold, MDR threshold, DR threshold via RRC signaling and / or SI, and / or RRC release message, and / or paging message.

[0258] The WTRU may receive one or more UL resources (e.g., sequences) and configuration for reporting status of LP-WUS / LP-SS quality via LR (e.g., 1st sequence to indicate status of LP-WUS BLER, 2nd sequences to indicate status of LP-SS RSRP). The WTRU may determine a LP-WUS format via gNB determination and / or WTRU determination based on one or more of the following solutions: the WTRU may report one or more LP-WUS and / or LP-SS quality measurements (e.g., LP-SS RSRP, LP-WUS BLER, missed detection rate (MDR), detection rate (DR), and / or level of synchronization). The WTRU may transmit UL RS to the gNB (e.g., the gNB may measure the channel quality of the transmitted UL RSs. Subsequently, the WTRU may estimate the channel quality of DL LR signals and / or channels (e.g., LP-SS, LP-WUS) based on the measurement associated with UL RSs (e.g., based on the channel reciprocity).

[0259] The WTRU may determine reporting method (via LR and / or MR) based on measured and / or estimated LP-WUS and / or LP-SS quality. For example, if the LP-WUS and / or LP-SS quality is less than a (e.g., preconfigured) first threshold, the WTRU may select MR. If the LP-WUS and / or LP-SS quality is greater than the first threshold, then the WTRU may select LR.

[0260] The WTRU may transmit a preconfigured UL RS for LP-WUS channel estimation. The WTRU may transmit one or more UL RSs via LR a preconfigured time offset before the 3rd type LP-WUS MO.

[0261] The WTRU may report LP-WUS / LP-SS signal quality to gNB via MR using one or more of the following: the WTRU may report LP-WUS / LP-SS quality to the gNB by using a preconfigured UL grant (e.g., send a PUSCH, resource configured for SDT). Reported parameters may include BLER of LP-WUS, RSRP of LP-SS and / or LP-WUS (e.g., RSRP of DM-RS in the case of OFDM based LP-WUS), MDR and / or DR of LP-WUS, and / or level of synchronization.

[0262] The WTRU may report status of LR signal / channel (e.g., LP-SS / LP-WUS) quality estimates (e.g., LP-WUS BLER, LP-SS RSRP, MDR / DR of LP-SS, level of synchronization achieved via LP-SS, PSS and / or SSS) via preconfigured UL resources.

[0263] If BLER of LP-WUS is greater than a preconfigured threshold on BLER, the WTRU may transmit a preconfigured 1st PRACH resource. If RSRP of LP-SS is less than a preconfigured threshold on RSRP, then the WTRU may transmit a preconfigured 2nd PRACH resource.

[0264] The WTRU may report status of LR signal / channel (LP-WUS and / or LP-SS) quality (e.g., BLER of LP-WUS, RSRP of LP-SS, MDR and / or DR, and / or level of synchronization achieved via LP-SS, PSSand / or SSS) to the gNB via LR. If the BLER of LP-WUS is greater than a preconfigured threshold on LP- WUS BLER, the WTRU may transmit a 1st sequence. If RSRP of LP-SS is less than a preconfigured threshold on LP-SS RSRP, the WTRU may transmit a 2nd sequence.

[0265] FIG. 8 depicts a WTRU determining LP-WUS format updates via a 3rd format LP-WUS 830 or blindly receiving a LP-WUS format 820, 825, 830. The WTRU may determine a LP-WUS format and / or configuration associated for LP-WUS format 820, 825, 830 (e.g., modulation) via indication received in a LP-WUS or by attempting to receive one or more LP-WUS formats 820, 825, 830in a 1st type MO 805. To this end, the WTRU may use one or more of the following solutions: the WTRU may attempt to receive 3rd format LP-WUS 830 in a preconfigured 3rd type MO 815 (e.g., 3rd type MO 815 is configured t_offset prior to 1st type MO 805) as seen in FIG. 8. If the WTRU receives the 3rd format LP-WUS 830 (e.g., the WTRU may determine the success or failure of receiving a LP-WUS format via CRC check, sequence detection or energy detection), then the WTRU may determine LP-WUS format 820, 825, 830 and / or configuration update based on the received 3rd format LP-WUS 830 (e.g., the 3rd format LP-WUS 815 indicates a LP- WUS format 820, 825, 830and / or one or more configuration associated with the indicated LP-WUS format 820, 825, 830). The WTRU may use the indicated LP-WUS format 820, 825, 830 and / or configuration for future LP-WUS reception (e.g., starting from the subsequent 1st type MO 805).

[0266] If the 3rd format LP-WUS 830 is not received successfully, the WTRU may attempt to detect a LP- WUS format 830 via a 1st type MO 805. For example, as seen in FIG. 7, the WTRU may monitor for a LP- WUS by attempting to receive one or more of the configured LP-WUS formats (e.g., until it successfully receives one of the LP-WUS formats or until it determines none are successfully received) in 1st type MO 705 (e.g., 1st type MO 705 immediately after the 3rd type MO 715).

[0267] If the WTRU fails to receive a 3rd format LP-WUS 830 in a 3rd type MO 815 and fails to successfully receive a LP-WUS using one of the configured LP-WUS formats 820, 825, 830 via 1st type MO 805 which occurs immediately after the 3rd type MO 815, the WTRU may follow one or more of the following, referred to as ‘failure recovery method’:

[0268] The WTRU may skip monitoring 2nd type MOs 810 until the next 3rd type MO 815. The WTRU may attempt to receive a 3rd format LP-WUS 830 in the new 3rd type MO 815. If the WTRU fails to receive a 3rd format LP-WUS 815 in the 3rd type MO 830, the WTRU may monitor for a LP-WUS using one or more of the configured LP-WUS formats 820, 825, 830 (e.g., until it successfully receives one of the LP- WUS formats 820, 825, 830or until it determines none are successfully received) in 1st type MO 805. The 1st type MO 805 takes palace immediately after the new 3rd type MO 815. In such case, the WTRU maycontinue to fail to receive 3rd format LP-WUSs 830 via 3rd type MO 815 and detect a LP-WUS format 820, 825, 830 via 1st type MO 805. The WTRU may follow the ‘failure recover method’ for preconfigured N times. If the WTRU fails to receive a 3rd format LP-WUS 830 or detect a LP-WUS format 820, 825, 830 via a 1 st type MO 805 before number of attempts reached N, the WTRU may exit monitoring LP-WUS (e.g., the WTRU may stat morning regular paging signals via the MR).

[0269] If the WTRU successfully receives a 3rd format LP-WUS 830 (e.g., via 3rd type MO 815), the WTRU may follow one or more of the following steps: if the 3rd format LP-WUS 830 indicates the WTRU to wake-up, the WTRU may wake-up its MR (e.g., for monitoring paging signals via MR).

[0270] If the 3rd format LP-WUS 830 indicating a LP-WUS format 820, 825, 830 and / or configurations update, the WTRU may monitor LP-WUS of the indicated format and / or indicated configuration in subsequent 1st type MO 805 and one or more 2nd type MOs 810. In such case, the 1st type MO 805 immediately following the 3rd type MO 815. The WTRU may continue using the indicated LP-WUS format 820, 825, 830 and / or configuration until a subsequent 3rd type MO 815. Then, the WTRU may re-attempt to receive a 3rd format LP-WUS 830. The 3rd format LP-WUS 830 may indicate LP-WUS format 820, 825, 830 updates.

[0271] If the WTRU receives a LP-WUS format via 1st type MO 805 after the WTRU fails to receive a 3rd format LP-WUS 830 in the 3rd type MO 815 immediately prior to the 1st type MO 805, the WTRU may follow one or more of the following steps: if the LP-WUS is of 1st format 820, the WTRU may determine the wake-up indication based on the structure of the payload configured for 1st format LP-WUS 820. If the LP- WUS indicates the WTRU to wake-up, the WTRU may wake-up its MR (e.g., for monitoring paging signals). If the received 1 st format LP-WUS 820 does not indicate the WTRU to wake up, the WTRU may continue to monitor for 1 st format LP-WUSs 820 via 2nd type MO 810 and / or until a subsequent 3rd type MO 815.

[0272] If the LP-WUS is of 2nd format 825, the WTRU may determine the wake-up indication based on the structure of the payload configured for 2nd format LP-WUS 825. If the LP-WUS indicates the WTRU to wake-up, the WTRU may wake-up its MR (e.g., for monitoring paging signals). If the WTRU receives 2nd format LP-WUS 825 does not indicate the WTRU to wake up, the WTRU may continue to monitor for 2nd format LP-WUSs 825 via 2nd type MO 810 and / or until a subsequent 3rd type MO 815.

[0273] The WTRU may select a format of LP-WUS based on the format of a LP-WUS receives a configured MO. The WTRU may receive one or combination of the following configurations: the WTRU may receive a configuration of two or more LP-WUS formats (e.g., via SI, RRC release message, and / orRRC signaling). Each LP-WUS format may include one or more of, an indication of capabilities (e.g., content, structure, associated and / or functionality) of each LP-WUS format.

[0274] Capabilities may include a 1st format LP-WUS supports subgroup-based wake-up indication; a 2nd format LP-WUS supports wake-up indication; and / or a 3rd format LP-WUS supports subgroup-based wakeup indication and WTRU wake procedure indication. Under the 1st wake up procedure, upon the receiving a wake-up indication via LP-WUS, a WTRU may monitor paging PDCCH and / or follow the legacy paging monitoring procedure. Under the 2nd wake up procedure upon the receiving a wake-up indication via LP- WUS, a WTRU may transmit a PRACH resource to start initial access procedure).

[0275] Other configurations may include signal structure, such as modulation, coding, DM-RS configuration, and / or number of repetitions. Other configuration may include structure of the payload, where a 1st format LP-WUS may carry M bits and / or each bit associates with a subgroup ID and indicates wake-up indication for WTRUs associated with the subgroup (e.g., bit value 1 for waking-up and bit value 0 for not waking-up). Another configuration may include a 2nd format LP-WUS which may carry one bit information indicating each WTRU receiving the LP-WUS to wake-up (e.g., bit value 1) and / or not to wakeup (e.g., bit value 0).

[0276] Further configurations may include the WTRU that may receive a configuration of one or more types of LP-WUS MOs. The WTRU may receive configuration of two types of LP-WUS MOs: e.g., a 1st type LP-WUS MO and a 2nd type LP-WUS MO as depicted in FIG. 2. The configuration of LP-WUS MOs may include time-frequency location of the 1st type MO, such as the starting time-frequency resource (e.g., offset from WTRU’s PO), bandwidth, duration, and / or periodicity of the 1st type of MO (e.g., relative periodicity with respect to PO or period with respect to DRX duration).

[0277] Additional configurations may include: a number of 2nd type MOs (M) interlaced between two 1st type LP-WUS MOs, relative starting time-frequency resource of the first 2nd type MO with respect to one of the 1st type MOs, bandwidth, and / or duration of the 2nd type MO.

[0278] The WTRU may receive configuration of a periodic MO and LP-WUS type determination periodicity (N_FD). The configuration of the LP-WUS MO may include, starting time-frequency resource (e.g., offset from WTRU’s PO), bandwidth, duration, and / or periodicity of the MO.

[0279] Resource configuration of each format of LP-WUSs within the 1st type MOs and / or the 2nd type MOs, may include, e.g.: starting time-frequency resource within the respective type of MO, bandwidth, and / or duration of each LP-WUS format.

[0280] The WTRU may be configured with two formats of LP-WUS: e.g., 1st format and / or 2nd format). The WTRU may receive resource configuration for each configured format of the LP-WUS in each type of MO (e.g., a 1st type MO and a 2nd type MO).

[0281] The WTRU may be configured with three formats of LP-WUS (e.g., 1st format, 2nd format, and 3rd format). The WTRU may receive resource configuration for each configured format of the LP-WUS within 1st type MO and receives a common resources configuration (e.g., starting time-frequency resource) for all configured formats of the LP-WUS within 2nd type MO.

[0282] The WTRU may receive (e.g., optionally) configuration of one or more UL RSs and / or resources for UL RS transmission via MR and / or LR (e.g., UL RSs associated with each LP-WUS format and / or PO and / or WTRU ID and / or LP-WUS ID and / or a WTRU group ID (e.g., a group ID received from the gNB and / or ON or determined using a WTRU ID and / or a PO)).

[0283] A threshold on LP-WUS format determination may attempt via 1st type MO (denoted by N) configuration for paging and DRX cycle configuration (e.g., via SI, RRC signaling, and / or RRC release message). The configuration may include one or more of, WTRU ID, DRX cycle duration, number of paging frames per paging cycle, paging frame offset (PF_offset), and / or the number of paging occasions per PF. The configuration may include a subgrouping configuration.

[0284] The WTRU may select (e.g., optionally) and / or transmit one or more UL RSs on configured RS resources indicating selected and / or preferred one or more LP-WUS formats. The WTRU may need for LP-WUS format update, and / or mis-detection of one or more LP-WUSs, and / or quality of LP-SS / LP-WUS to the gNB, or to support the gNB to measure the LP-WUS / LP-SS quality (based on channel reciprocity).

[0285] The WTRU may measure one or more LP-SSs and / or LP-WUSs (e.g., LP-SS RSRP and / or LP- WUS BLER (e.g., hypothetical BLER)). If the WTRU determines that LP-WUS format updates is needed (e.g., determined based on LP-SS RSRP), the WTRU may select a LP-WUS format based on the measurements. For example, the WTRU may determine that LP-SS RSRP is greater than a first threshold and may therefore select 1st format LP-WUS. If the LP-SS RSRP is less than a first threshold, the WTRU may select 2nd type LP-WUS. The WTRU may transmit an UL RS associated with the selected LP-WUS format to the gNB via MR / LR on the configured UL resources.

[0286] The WTRU may transmit an UL RS associated with the WTRU ID, WTRU group ID, LP-WUS ID, PO on the configured UL resources via the LR and / or the MR. The WTRU may determine a periodicity for UL RS transmission based on the measured LP-SS and / or LP-WUS quality. The WTRU may transmit ULRS based on detection of an event (e.g., mis-detection of one or more LP-WUS, and / or LP-SS / LP-WUS quality less than a preconfigured threshold, etc.)

[0287] The WTRU may receive an indication for activating LP-WUS monitoring (e.g., via a RRC release message, one or more paging signals, and / or SI). The WTRU may determine a LP-WUS format to be received in a MO based on one or more of the following procedures.

[0288] If the MO is of the 1 st type MO, then the WTRU may monitor for LP-WUS using one or more of the configured LP-WUS formats (e.g., until it successfully receives and / or decodes one of the LP-WUS format or until it determines none are successfully received). The WTRU perform one or more of the following:

[0289] The WTRU may attempt to detects (e.g., blindly) and / or receive a LP-WUS format among the preconfigured LP-WUS formats, as seen in FIG. 4, until a valid LP-WUS format is found and / or until all the preconfigured LP-WUS formats have been attempted. The WTRU may determine success and / or failure of each LP-WUS format based on a CRC check or sequence detection.

[0290] If the WTRU successfully receives a LP-WUS format (e.g., out of the activated two or more LP- WUS formats), the WTRU may stop further attempts to detect LP-WUS formats. If the LP-WUS provides an indication that indicates the WTRU is to wake-up, the WTRU may wake-up the MR (e.g., to monitor for paging).

[0291] If the WTRU successfully receives a LP-WUS and / or the LP-WUS does not provide an indication that indicates the WTRU is to wake-up, then the WTRU may determine the LP-WUS format to use for the next MOs of the 2ndformat (e.g., in the configured 2nd type MOs until the next 1 st type MO) is the format of the successful received LP-WUS as seen FIG. 3.

[0292] If the WTRU fails to receive a LP-WUS using one of the configured LP-WUS formats, then the WTRU may attempt to receive the LP-WUS by monitoring a preconfigured number (N) of subsequent 1 st type MO (e.g., while skipping 2nd type MOs). If the WTRU successfully receives a LP-WUS (e.g., within N 1st type MOs) and / or the received LP-WUS provides an indication that indicates the WTRU is to wake-up, then the WTRU may wake up the MR (e.g., to monitor paging)

[0293] If the WTRU successfully receives a LP-WUS (e.g., within N 1st type MOs) and / or the received LP-WUS does not provide an indication that indicates the WTRU is to wake-up, then the WTRU may determine that the LP-WUS format to use for the next MOs of the 2nd type (e.g., in the configured 2nd type MOs until the next 1 st type MO) is the LP-WUS format of the successfully received LP-WUS. If the WTRU fails to receive a LP-WUS (e.g., within N 1st type MOs), then the WTRU may starts monitoring regular paging by using the MR.

[0294] If the MO is of the 2nd type MO, then the WTRU may monitor for a LP-WUS using one of the LP- WUS formats. The format used may be based on a format detected in the previous 1st type MO, and / or a default or configured format.

[0295] If the 2nd type MO is the 1st MO after activating LP-WUS monitoring, the WTRU may determine a LP-WUS format to be monitored based on one or more of the following: configuration and / or indication received via activation indication for LP-WUS monitoring; a configured default LP-WUS format; and / or a format determined based on the index of the LP-WUS formats (e.g., LP-WUS format with the lowest index).

[0296] The WTRU may determine the resources to receive LP-WUS via 2nd type MO and signal structure (e.g., modulation, coding, number of repetitions, and / or DM-RS configuration) based the resources configuration and signal structure associate with the determined format of LP-WUS.

[0297] If the 2nd type MO is taking place after a 1st type MO since the activation of LP-WUS monitoring, the WTRU may determine a LP-WUS format based on the last 1st type MO or determines to skip monitoring the 2nd type MO. If the WTRU successfully detected a LP-WUS in the last 1st type MO, then the WTRU may select the detected format as the LP-WUS format. The WTRU may determine the resources to receive LP-WUS in the 2nd type MO based the resources configuration associated with the determined type of LP-WUS. If the WTRU failed to detect a LP-WUS in the last 1st type MO, then the WTRU may determine to skip monitoring the 2nd type MO.

[0298] When the WTRU receives a LP-WUS (e.g., successfully), the WTRU may determine to wake-up (e.g., to monitor paging signals) or continue to monitor LP-WUS based on the wake-up indication received in the LP-WUS. The WTRU may also determine the signals and / or channels to monitor and / or receive and / or transmit based on the format and / or content of the LP-WUS. For example, the WTRU may determines structure of the payload, and / or the supported features based on the determined LP-WUS format.

[0299] Based on the received LP-WUS and determined signal structure, structure of the payload, and / or supported features, the WTRU may determine to wake-up or continue to monitor LP-WUS. If the LP-WUS is of the 1st format, then the WTRU may wake up (e.g., monitor paging messages) if a subgroup ID associated with the WTRU is indicated among the subgroup of WTRUs to wake up (e.g., in a bit map) via the LP-WUS. Otherwise, the WTRU may continue to monitor LP-WUS.

[0300] If the LP-WUS is of the 2nd format, and the WTRU receives a wake-up indication (e.g., 1 bit indication), then the WTRU wakes up and receive one or more paging messages (e.g., PEI, paging PDCCH, and / or paging PDSCH). Otherwise, the WTRU may continue to monitor LP-WUS.

[0301] The wake-up procedure may include the following steps: if the LP-WUS is of the 3rd format, the WTRU may determine a wake-up procedure based on the indication received via LP-WUS. The WTRU may receive a two-bit indication ‘00’ for monitoring PEI and follow legacy paging procedure, ‘0T for receiving paging PDCCH and / or monitor legacy paging procedure, and / or ‘10’ for transmitting PRACH for initial access.

[0302] Based on the determined wake-up procedure, the WTRU may receive one or more additional signals and / or transmits one or more additional signals. If the indicated wake-up procedure is monitoring PEI and / or follows the legacy procedure, the WTRU may receive one or more of: PEI, paging PDCCH, paging PDSCH, SSBs, and / or RAR. The WTRU may transmit one or more of PRACH resources and / or PUSCH.

[0303] If the indicated wake-up procedure is transmitting PRACH for initial access, the WTRU may receive, SSBs, RAR (e.g., Msg 2), MAC-CE (e.g., Msg 4). The WTRU may transmit PRACH resources (Msg 1) and / or PUSCH (Msg 3).

[0304] The WTRU may select a form of LP-WUS by detecting transmitted LP-WUS formats by the gNB, and preconfigured and / or specified priority order associated with LP-WUS formats. The WTRU may receive one or combination of the following configuration: a WTRU may receive configuration of two or more LP-WUS formats and / or each LP-WUS format may include one or more of capabilities (e.g., content, structure, and / or associated functionality) of each LP-WUS format. A 1st format LP-WUS may support subgroup-based wake-up indication. A 2nd format LP-WUS may support wake-up indication (e.g., no subgroup-based indication due to limited payload). A 3rd format LP-WUS may support subgroup-based wake-up indication and / or WTRU wake procedure indication.

[0305] A 1st wake-up procedure may include: upon the receiving a wake-up indication via LP-WUS, a WTRU may monitor paging PDCCH and / or follow the legacy paging monitoring procedure. A 2nd wake-up procedure may include: upon receiving a wake-up indication via LP-WUS, the WTRU may perform PRACH for initial access.

[0306] The format may include signal structure, e.g.: modulation, coding, and / or DM-RS configuration. The format may include structure of the payload, e.g.: 1st format LP-WUS may carry M bits where each bit associates with a subgroup ID. Each bit may indicate a wake-up indication for WTRUs associated with the subgroup (e.g., bit value 1 for waking-up and bit value 0 for not waking-up). The 2nd format LP-WUS may carry one bit information indicating each WTRU receiving the LP-WUS to wake-up (e.g., bit value 1) or not to wake-up (e.g., bit value 0).

[0307] The WTRU may receive configuration of one or more types of LP-WUS monitoring occasions (MOs). The WTRU may receive configuration of two types of LP-WUS MOs, 1st type LP-WUS MO and / or 2nd type LP-WUS MO as depicted in FIG. 2. The configuration of LP-WUS MOs may include: timefrequency location of the 1st type MO, starting time-frequency resource (e.g., offset from WTRU’s PO), bandwidth, duration, and / or the periodicity of the 1st type of MO (e.g., relative periodicity with respect to PO and / or period with respect to DRX duration).

[0308] The configuration of LP-WUS MOs may include: number of 2nd type MOs (M) interlaced between two 1 st type LP-WUS MOs, relative starting time-frequency resource of the first 2nd type MO with respect to one of the 1st type MOs, bandwidth, and / or duration of the 2nd type MO. The configuration of LP-WUS MOs may include: resource configuration of each format of LP-WUSs within the 1st type MOs and / or the 2nd type MOs, e.g.: starting time-frequency resource within the respective type of MO, bandwidth, and / or duration of each LP-WUS format.

[0309] The WTRU configured with two formats of LP-WUS (e.g., 1 st format and 2nd format) may receive resource for each configured format of the LP-WUS in each type of MO (e.g., 1st type MO and 2nd type MO). The WTRU configured with three formats of LP-WUS (e.g., 1st format LP-WUS, 2nd format LP-WUS, and 3rd format LP-WUS) may receive resources for each configured format of the LP-WUS in each type of MO (e.g., 1st type MO, and 2nd type MO).

[0310] The WTRU may receive (e.g., optionally) configuration of one or more UL RSs and / or resources for UL RS transmission via MR and / or LR (e.g., UL RSs associated with each LP-WUS format and / or WTRU ID and / or LP-WUS ID and / or a WTRU group ID and / or PO).

[0311] The WTRU may receive one or more configuration for determining a priority order of LP-WUS format (e.g., in the case multiple LP-WUS formats are detected in a 1st type MO). The WTRU may receive an explicit indication and / or configuration of priority order (e.g., via SI and / or RRC signaling); a 1st format high priority, a 2nd format, and / or a 3rd format lower priority. The WTRU may receive more than one priority orders, e.g., 1st priority order: high to low priority order {1st format, 2nd format, 3rd format), 2nd priority order: high to low priority order {2nd format, 1st format, 3rd format). The WTRU may receive a threshold on mobility for selecting the priority order. For example, if speed of the WTRU is greater than the preconfigured threshold, then the WTRU may select the 2nd configured priority order. If speed of the WTRU is less than the preconfigured threshold, then the WTRU may select the 1st configured priority order.

[0312] The WTRU may determine the priority order of LP-WUS formats based on received configured and / or indicated priority order by the gNB and / or CN and / or a specified priority order.

[0313] The specified priority order may include one or more of the options and a specified order of different options. Options of the specified order may include: PEI configuration, (e.g., if PEI is configured, WTRU give high priority to 2nd format LP-WUS over 1st format and 3rd format); supported type of traffic, (e.g., if WTRU configured to support delay sensitive traffic), give high priority to 3rd format over 1st or 2nd type LP-WUS formats; DRX cycle type, including long DRX cycle and / or short DRX cycle, e.g. If the long DRX cycle is configured, the WTRU may give high priority to 3rd format over 1st and / or 2nd formats. If the short DRX cycle is configured, WTRU may give high priority to 1st format over 2nd and 3rd formats; and / or default specification, (e.g., 3rd format, 1st format, and / or 2nd format (e.g., high to low priority)).

[0314] The WTRU may determine the priority order of configured LP-WUS formats based on one or more of the following: if the WTRU receives a configuration and / or indication for determining the priority order, the WTRU may determine the priority order using the following procedures: first, the WTRU may determine the priority order based on the received configuration and / or indication. If the priority order is not fully determined for all the configured LP-WUS formats, the WTRU may use the specified priority order to determine the priority order for rest of the formats. If the WTRU did not receive configuration and / or indication for determining the priority order, the WTRU may determine the priority order based on one or more of the specified options and / or a specified order of different options.

[0315] The WTRU may select (e.g., optionally) and / or transmit one or more UL RSs on configured RS resources. These UL RSs may indicate selected and / or preferred one or more LP-WUS formats; need for LP-WUS format update, and / or mis-detection of one or more LP-WUSs, and / or quality of LP-SS / LP-WUS to the gNB, or to support the gNB to measure the LP-WUS / LP-SS quality (e.g., based on channel reciprocity).

[0316] The WTRU may receive an indication for activating LP-WUS monitoring (e.g., via a RRC release message, one or more paging signals, and / or SI). The WTRU may determine an LP-WUS format to be received in a MO based on one or more of the following procedures: if the MO is of the 1st type MO, then the WTRU may monitor for LP-WUS using all the configured LP-WUS formats. For example, the WTRU may perform one or more of the following: the WTRU may attempt to detect (e.g., blindly) one or more LP- WUS formats among the preconfigured LP-WUS formats by attempting to receive all the preconfigured LP- WUS formats as depicted in FIG. 4.

[0317] The WTRU may determine success and / or failure of each LP-WUS format based on a CRC and / or detection of a sequence associated with each LP-WUS. If the WTRU successfully detects one LP-WUSformat (e.g., out of the two or more configured LP-WUS formats), then the WTRU may determine the detected format as the format to be monitored in the subsequent 2nd type MOs (e.g., in the configured 2nd type MOs until the next 1st type MO), as depicted in FIG. 5.

[0318] If the WTRU detects two or more LP-WUS formats out of the configured as depicted in FIG. 5, then the WTRU may determine a format of LP-WUS for a configured duration (e.g., until the next 1st type MO), based on the determined priority order of LP-WUS formats.

[0319] A WTRU may successfully receive 1st format and / or 2nd format LP-WUSs in the 1st type MO. The WTRU may select a 1st format LP-WUS (e.g., for LP-WUS monitoring until the subsequent 1st type MO) if the 1st format has higher priority than the 2nd format based on the determined priority order.

[0320] The WTRU may indicate (e.g., optionally) a determined LP-WUS format to the gNB by transmitting a UL RSs associated with the determined LP-WUS format on a preconfigured UL resource. If the WTRU fails to detect a LP-WUS (e.g., out of the activated formats) in a 1st type MO, then the WTRU may attempt to detect a LP-WUS format in preconfigured N number of subsequent 1st type MOs while attempting to monitor LP-WUS of a preconfigured default format in the 2nd type MOs (e.g., 2nd format LP-WUS).

[0321] If the WTRU fails to detect a LP-WUS format in the N subsequent 1st type MOs, the WTRU may start monitoring regular paging by using the MR. If the MO is of the 2nd type MO, the WTRU may monitor for a LP-WUS using one of the LP-WUS formats where the format used is determined based on a format determined in the previous 1st type MO, and / or a default format or configured format. For example, the WTRU may perform one or more of the following: if the 2nd type MO is the first MO after activating LP- WUS monitoring, the WTRU may determine a LP-WUS format to be monitored based on configuration and / or indication received from the gNB (e.g., via LP-WUS activation indication, RRC signaling and / or SI) and / or a default LP-WUS format (e.g., LP-WUS format with the lowest index).

[0322] The WTRU may determine the resources to receive LP-WUS via 2nd type MO and signal structure (e.g., modulation, coding, number of repetitions, and / or DM-RS configuration) based on the resource configuration and signal structure associate with the determined format of LP-WUS.

[0323] If the 2nd type MO is taking place after a 1st type MO since the activation of LP-WUS monitoring, then the WTRU may determine a LP-WUS format based on the last 1st type MO (e.g., if the WTRU successful detected at least one LP-WUS format in the last 1st type MO). Further, the WTRU may determine to monitor a preconfigured default format LP-WUS in the 2nd type MOs (e.g., in the case WTRU fails to detect at least one LP-WUS format in the last 1st type MO).

[0324] When the WTRU receives a LP-WUS (e.g., successfully) in a 1st type MO or a 2nd type MO, the WTRU may determine to wake-up (e.g., to monitor paging signals) or continue to monitor LP-WUS based on the wake-up indication received in the LP-WUS. The WTRU may also determine the signals and / or channels to monitor and / or receive and / or transmit based on the format and / or content of the LP-WUS. For example, the WTRU may perform one or more of the following: the WTRU may determine the structure of the payload, and supported features based on the determined LP-WUS format.

[0325] Based on the received LP-WUS, structure of the payload, and supported features, the WTRU may determine one or more of the following: to wake-up or continue to monitor LP-WUS. If the LP-WUS is of the 1st format, then the WTRU may wake up (e.g., and monitor paging messages) if a subgroup ID associated with the WTRU is indicated among the subgroup of WTRUs to wake up (e.g., in a bit map) via the LP-WUS. Otherwise, the WTRU may continue to monitor LP-WUS.

[0326] If the LP-WUS is of the 2nd format, and the WTRU receives a wake-up indication (e.g., 1 bit indication), then the WTRU may wake up and / or receive one or more paging messages (e.g., PEI, paging PDCCH, and / or paging PDSCH). Otherwise, the WTRU continues to monitor LP-WUS.

[0327] If the LP-WUS is of the 3rd format, then the WTRU may determine a wake-up procedure based on the indication received via LP-WUS. The WTRU may receive a two-bit indication ‘00’ for monitoring PEI and follow legacy paging procedure, ‘0T for receiving paging PDCCH and monitor legacy paging procedure, and / or ‘10’ for transmitting PRACH for initial access.

[0328] Based on the determined wake-up procedure, the WTRU may receive one or more additional signals and / or transmits one or more additional signals, e.g.: if the indicated wake-up procedure is monitoring PEI and / or following the legacy procedure, the WTRU may receive one or more of, PEI, paging PDCCH, paging PDSCH, SSBs, and / or RAR. The WTRU may transmit one or more of PRACH resources and / or PUSCH.

[0329] If the indicated wake-up procedure is transmitting PRACH for initial access, the WTRU may receive SSBs, RAR (e.g., Msg 2), MAC-CE (e.g., Msg 4). The WTRU may transmit PRACH resources (Msg 1) and / or PUSCH (Msg 3).

[0330] A WTRU may determine to receive PEI-PDCCH based on selected LP-WUS format. The WTRU may receive one or more of the following configurations and / or indications: two or more LP-WUS formats (e.g., a 1st format and a 2nd format).

[0331] The configurations and / or indications may include: resource configuration for receiving each format of LP-WUS. The configuration may include one or more of, time-frequency resources, periodicity, and / oroffsets time-frequency resources for receiving each format of LP-WUSs with respect to POs, and / or MO associated with each format of LP-WUS.

[0332] The configurations and / or indications may include: configuration for paging and DRX (e.g., via SI, RRC signaling, and / or RRC release message). The configuration may include one or more of, WTRU ID, DRX cycle duration, number of paging frames per paging cycle, paging frame offset (PF_offset), and / or the number of paging occasions per PF.

[0333] Configuration for receiving PEI-PDCCH via MR (e.g., DCI format 2_7): two or more subgroupings (e.g., 1 st subgrouping, 2nd subgrouping, and 3 subgrouping). The WTRU receives number of subgroups per PO or LP-WUS from the CN / gNB (e.g., via SI, RRC signaling, and / or RRC release message). The WTRU receives two or more subgroup IDs (e.g., 1st subgroup ID, and 2nd subgroup ID, and 3rd subgroup ID) from the CN and / or gNB (e.g., via RRC release message, SI, and / or RRC signaling).

[0334] The configurations and / or indications may include: the association between subgroupings and / or LP-WUS format and / or PEI-PDCCH. For example, if the WTRU is configured with two subgroupings and / or two LP-WUS formats, the PEI-PDCCH is associated with the 1st subgrouping, and / or 1st format LP-WUS associates with the 2nd subgrouping, then the 2nd format LP-WUS may associate with no subgrouping.

[0335] If the WTRU is configured with three subgroupings and two LP-WUS formats, the PEI-PDCCH may associate with the 1st subgrouping. The 1st format LP-WUS may associate with the 2nd subgrouping. The 2nd format LP-WUS may associate with the 3rd subgroupings. The configurations and / or indications may include: one or more (e.g., optional) UL RSs and / or resources for UL RS transmission via MR and / or LR (e.g., UL RSs associated with each LP-WUS format and / or WTRU ID and / or LP-WUS ID and / or a PO). The configurations and / or indications may include: two or more groups or types of sequences (e.g., ZC sequences). The WTRU may select (e.g., optionally) and / or transmits one or more UL RSs on configured RS resources indicating selected and / or preferred one or more LP-WUS formats, and / or quality of LP- SS / LP-WUS to the gNB, or to support the gNB to measure the LP-WUS / LP-SS quality (based on channel reciprocity).

[0336] The WTRU may receive indication for activating LP-WUS monitoring (e.g., via a RRC release message, one or more paging signals and / or SI). The WTRU may determine that a format of LP-WUS receives a configuration and / or indication of LP-WUS format from the gNB. For example, the WTRU may determine a format of LP-WUS based on quality of a signal received via LR (e.g., LP-SS RSRP), or status of the WTRU (e.g., mobility). If the WTRU determines that LP-SS RSRP is less than a preconfiguredRSRP threshold, then the WTRU may determine a 1st format of LP-WUS. If the LP-SS RSRP is greater than the preconfigured RSRP threshold, then the WTRU may determine a 2nd format of LP-WUS.

[0337] If a WTRU’s speed is greater than a preconfigured threshold on mobility, then the WTRU may determine a 1 st format of LP-WUS. If the WTRU’s speed is less than the preconfigured threshold on mobility, then the WTRU may determine a 2nd format of LP-WUS. For example, the WTRU may determine a format of LP-WUS based on configuration and / or indication received from the gNB. While monitoring, the WTRU may receive a LP-WUS format indication via one or more of a LP-WUS, and / or a sequence associated with LP-SS.

[0338] If the WTRU receives a first type sequence and / or a sequence in the first group via LP-SS, then the WTRU may determine to receive 1st format LP-WUS. If the WTRU receives a second type sequence and / or a sequence in the second group via LP-SS, then the WTRU determines to receive the 2nd format LP-WUS. Before activating LP-WUS monitoring, the WTRU may receive configuration and / or indication from the gNB via RRC signaling, RRC release message, and / or SI.

[0339] The WTRU that receives a LP-WUS of the determined format may determine to wake up MR or continue to monitor LP-WUS based on the wake-up indication receives in the LP-WUS.

[0340] For example, if the WTRU received a 1 st format LP-WUS and the 1 st format LP-WUS associates with 2nd subgrouping, then the WTRU may determine to wake-up the MR if the WTRU receives (e.g., in a bit map) its subgroup ID associated with 2ndsubgrouping. For example, if the WTRU received a 2nd format LP-WUS, and the 2nd format LP-WUS is not associated with a subgrouping, then the WTRU may determine to wake-up the MR if LP-WUS indicates to wake up (e.g., receives 1 bit indication that indicates all the WTRUs monitors the LP-WUS to wake-up).

[0341] A WTRU may wake-up based on the indication received via a LP-WUS. The WTRU may determine to receive and / or skip receiving PEI-PDCCH based on the format of the received LP-WUS. For example, if the received LP-WUS is of the 2nd format, then the WTRU may receive PEI-PDCCH. The WTRU may determine to keep the MR awake and / or continue monitoring LP-WUS via LR based on an indication received in PEI-PDCCH. If the WTRU receives its subgroup ID corresponding to 1st subgrouping in the PEI-PDCCH, then the WTRU may determine to keep MR awake and / or receives and / or transmits one or more signals and / or channels (e.g., monitor paging signals, transmit a PRACH to reconnect). If the WTRU does not receive its subgroup ID corresponding to 1st subgrouping in the PEI- PDCCH, then the WTRU may switch to LP-WUS monitoring. If the received LP-WUS is of the 1st format, then the WTRU may determine to skip receiving PEI-PDCCH. Rather, the WTRU may receive and / ortransmit one or more signals and / or channels (e.g., monitor paging signals and / or transmit a PRACH to reconnect).

[0342] A WTRU may receive subgrouping based early indication via two early indication signals. A WTRU may receive one or more of the following configuration and / or indications (via RRC signaling, RRC release message, and / or SI): two or more EISs (e.g., 1st EIS and / or 2nd EIS). A 1st EIS is a 1st LP-WUS that may be received via LR. A 2nd EIS is a 2nd LP-WUS that may be received via LR and / or a PEI-PDCCH received via MR.

[0343] Configurations and / or indications may include: subgrouping configuration associated with each EIS (e.g., 1st subgrouping configuration is associated with 1st EIS, 2nd subgrouping configuration is associated with 2nd EIS). Resource configuration for receiving each EIS (e.g., MOs for 1st LP-WUS, 2nd LP-WUS, and / or PEI-PDCCH). Resources for 1st EIS may precede resources for 2nd EIS.

[0344] The WTRU may receive an indication for activating LP-WUS monitoring. The WTRU may starts monitoring the LP-WUS upon receiving the indication.

[0345] The WTRU may determine two subgroup IDs: a 1st subgroup ID based on the 1st subgrouping configuration and a 2nd subgroup ID based on the 2nd subgrouping configurations. Alternatively, the WTRU may receive 1st and / or 2nd subgroup IDs from the gNB and / or CN (e.g., via RRC signaling and / or RRC release message).

[0346] The WTRU may receive a 1st EIS (e.g., 1st LP-WUS). Based on the indication received in the 1st EIS, the WTRU may determine to receive a 2nd EIS (e.g., 2nd LP-WUS or PEI-PDCCH) and / or continue to monitor LP-WUS. If the WTRU successfully receives both 1st and 2nd EIS, then the WTRU may receive a wake-up indication via collective signaling of both 1st and 2nd EISs. If the WTRU only receives 1st EIS, then the WTRU may receive wake-up indication via 1st EIS.

[0347] If the WTRU does not receive its 1st subgroup ID in 1st EIS (e.g., via a bit map), then the WTRU determines to continue monitoring LP-WUS (e.g., monitor upcoming 1st EISs) and skip receiving 2nd EIS. If the WTRU receives its 1st subgroup ID (e.g., in a bit map) in 1st EIS, then the WTRU may attempt to receive 2nd EIS. For example, 1st level subgrouping corresponds to 4 subgroups per 1st EIS with IDs {0, 1 , 2, 3). The WTRU may receive subgrouping indication as a bit map {1, 0, 1, 0} in the 1st EIS. If the 1st subgroup ID of the WTRU is 0 or 2, then the WTRU may receive 2nd EIS. Otherwise, the WTRU may continue to monitor LP-WUS.

[0348] If the attempt to receive 2nd EIS is unsuccessful (e.g., based on a CRC check or sequence detection WTRU determines the success or failure of receiving an EIS), then the WTRU may wakes-up theMR. The WTRLI may monitor for paging signals via the MR. The WTRLI may attempt to reconnect to the gNB and / or CN by transmitting a PRACH resources.

[0349] If the attempt to receive 2nd EIS is successful, then the WTRU may receive a wake-up indication via collective signaling of both 1st and 2nd EISs, as seen in FIG. 6. The WTRU may determine the structure of the payload of 2nd EIS based on the indication received in the 1st EIS. The subgrouping configuration of 1st EIS corresponds (1st subgrouping configuration) to 4 subgroups per EIS with IDs {0, 1 , 2, 3} (denoted by, 1st EIS subgroup ID 0, 1st EIS subgroup ID 1 , 1st EIS subgroup ID 2, 1st EIS subgroup ID 3, respectively). Subgrouping configuration of 2nd EIS (2nd subgrouping configuration) corresponds to 8 subgroups with IDs {0, 1 , 2, ...J}.

[0350] In an example configuration, the WTRU may receive a 1st EIS indication {1, 0, 1 , 0). Each bit in the 1st EIS indication may indicate the wake-up indication of a subgroup of WTRUs (determined based on 1st subgrouping). The WTRU may determine that payload structure of 2nd EIS is in the form of {1st octant, 2nd octant). The 1st octant may indicate a subgroup-based wake-up indication (based on 2nd subgrouping configuration) of subgroup of WTRUs with 1st EIS subgroup ID 0. The 2nd octant may indicate a subgroupbased wake-up indication (based on 2nd subgrouping configuration) correspond to the subgroup of WTRUs with 1st EIS subgroup ID 2. Each octant (e.g., a bit map) may indicate the subgroup-based wake-up indication for eight subgroups configured via 2nd subgrouping configuration (e.g., subgrouping configuration associated with 2nd EIS).

[0351] Based on the indication received in the 2nd EIS and / or the payload structure determined based on the indication received in the 1st EIS, the WTRU may wake-up and / or continue to monitor LP-WUS. If the 2nd EIS indicates that the 2nd subgroup ID (determined based on 2nd subgrouping configuration) of the WTRU (determined based on both payload structure of 2nd EIS and / or indication (e.g., bit value in a bit map)), then the WTRU may determine to wake up the MR. the WTRU may further determine to receive and / or transmit one or more signals and / or channels (e.g., monitor paging signals, transmit a PRACH to reconnect, etc.). If the 2nd EIS does not indicate the 2nd subgroup ID (determined based on 2nd subgrouping configuration) of the WTRU (determined based on both payload structure of 2nd EIS and / or indication (e.g., bit value in a bit map)), then the WTRU continues to monitor LP-WUS.

[0352] Selecting a format of LP-WUS may be based on the format of a LP-WUS receives in a configured MP. The WTRU may receive the configuration of one or more of the following: three or more LP-WUS formats (e.g., via SI, RRC signaling), and each LP-WUS format include one or more of: capabilities (e.g., content, structure, and / or associated functionality) of each LP-WUS format; 1st format supports subgroupbased wake-up indication, 2nd format supports wake-up indication, 3rd format supports indicating LP-WUS format updates and wake-up indication (e.g., a subgroup based wake-up indication with less granularity than the 1st format LP-WUS).

[0353] Each LP-WUS may include signal structure, e.g., modulation, coding, and / or DM-RS configuration. Each LP-WUS may include structure of the payload. The 1st format LP-WUS may carry M bits. Each bit may associate with a subgroup ID and / or indicate a wake-up indication for WTRUs associated with the subgroup (e.g., bit value 1 for waking-up and bit value 0 for not waking-up). Each LP-WUS may include: a 2nd format LP-WUS that carries one bit information indicating each WTRU receiving the LP-WUS to wakeup (e.g., bit value 1) or not to wake-up (e.g., bit value 0).

[0354] The WTRU may receive configuration of three types of LP-WUS MOs: 1st type, 2nd type, and 3rd type as depicted in FIG. 7. The configuration of LP-WUS MOs may include: time-frequency location of the 1st type MO, starting time-frequency resource (e.g., offset from WTRU’s PO), bandwidth, duration, and / or periodicity of the 1 st type of MO (e.g., relative periodicity with respect to PO or period with respect to DRX duration).

[0355] The configuration of LP-WUS MOS may include: number of 2nd type MOs (M) interlaced between two 1 st type LP-WUS MOs, relative starting time-frequency resource of the first 2nd type MO with respect to one of the 1st type MOs, bandwidth, and / or duration of the 2nd type MO.

[0356] The configuration of LP-WUS MOS may include: relative starting time-frequency resource of the 3rd type MO with respect to 1st type MOs (e.g., offset), bandwidth, and / or duration of the 3rd type MO.

[0357] The configuration of LP-WUS MOS may include: resource configuration of each LP-WUSs formats associated with each LP-WUS MOs, e.g., starting time-frequency resource within the MO, bandwidth, and / or duration of each LP-WUS format, e.g., 1st and 2nd format LP-WUS are associated with 1st and / or 2nd type MOs. The WTRU receives resources configuration of 1st and 2nd format LP-WUSs in each type of MO (1st type and / or 2nd type MO); and / or 3rd format LP-WUS is associated with 3rd type MO. The WTRU receives resource configuration of 3rd format LP-WUS within 3rd type MO.

[0358] Configurations associated with LP-WUSs (e.g., modulation type (e.g., OOK-1 and / or OOK-4), signal structure (e.g., first signal structure: 1st bandwidth and 1st duration, 2nd signal structure: 2nd bandwidth and / or 2nd duration).

[0359] UL resources for UL RS transmission via LR, may include, e.g., estimate LP-WUS channel quality by the gNB based on channel reciprocity. UL resources to report LP-WUS and / or LP-SS quality via MR and / or LR may include: resources and configuration for reporting LP-WUS and / or LP-SS quality via MR.Resources may include: preconfigured UL grant and / or resources (e.g, a preconfigured PUSCH resource and grant) to report measurements associated with LP-WUS and / or LP-SS, and / or preferred LP-WUS formats and / or preferred LP-WUS configuration (e.g., modulation) via MR and / or UL resources (e.g., PRACH resources) to indicate status of LP-WUS and / or LP-SS quality, e.g. Such resources may include a LP-WUS BLER greater than a BLER threshold, LP-SS RSRP less than RSRP threshold, level of synchronization less than a sync threshold, LP-WUS MDR greater than a MDR threshold, and / or LP-WUS DR less than a DR threshold.

[0360] UL resources (e.g., sequences) and / or configuration for reporting status of LP-WUS and / or LP-SS quality via LR may include, e.g., a 1st sequence to indicate status of LP-WUS BLER and / or a 2nd sequence to indicate status of LP-SS RSRP.

[0361] The WTRU may select a LP-WUS format based on gNB determination. The WTRU may report LP- WUS and / or LP-SS quality measurements and / or UL RS to the gNB. The WTRU may determine then reporting method (via LR and / or MR) based on measured and / or estimated LP-WUS and / or LP-SS quality. If the LP-WUS and / or LP-SS quality less than a (pre)configured first threshold, then the WTRU may select the MR. If the LP-WUS and / or LP-SS quality is greater than the first threshold, then the WTRU may select the LR.

[0362] The WTRU may transmit preconfigured UL RS for LP-WUS channel estimation (e.g., WTRU transmits UL RS via LR a preconfigured time offset before the 3rd type LP-WUS MO). The WTRU may report LP-WUS and / or LP-SS signal quality to gNB via the MR. e.g. The WTRU may report LP-WUS and / or LP-SS quality using the preconfigured UL grant (e.g., send a PUSCH). Reported parameters may include BLER of LP-WUS, RSRP of LP-SS / LP-WUS (e.g., RSRP of DM-RS in the case of OFDM based LP-WUS), MDR / DR of LP-WUS, and / or level of synchronization.

[0363] The WTRU may report status of LP-WUS and / or LP-SS quality (e.g, LP-WUS BLER, LP-SS RSRP, MDR and / or DR of LP-SS, level of synchronization achieved via LP-SS, PSS, and / or SSS) via preconfigured UL resources. If BLER of LP-WUS is greater than a preconfigured threshold on BLER, then the WTRU may transmit a 1st PRACH resource. If RSRP of LP-SS is less than a preconfigured threshold on RSRP, then the WTRU may transmit a 2nd PRACH resource.

[0364] The WTRU may report status of the quality of LP-WUS / LP-SS (e.g., BLER of LP-WUS, RSRP of LP-SS, MDR and / or DR, level of synchronization achieved via LP-SS, PSS and / or SSS) via LR. If BLER of LP-WUS is greater than a preconfigured threshold on LP-WUS BLER, then the WTRU may transmit a 1stsequence. If RSRP of LP-SS is less than a preconfigured threshold on LP-SS RSRP, then the WTRU may transmit a 2nd sequence.

[0365] The WTRU may determine LP-WUS format and / or configuration via indication received in a LP- WUS or by (e.g., blindly) receiving a LP-WUS in a 1st type MO. The WTRU may attempt to receive a 3rd format LP-WUS in a preconfigured 3rd type MO (e.g., 3rd type MO is configured Loffset prior to 1st type MO) as depicted in FIG. 8.

[0366] If the 3rd format LP-WUS is successfully received, then the WTRU may determine LP-WUS format and / or configuration update based on the received 3rd format LP-WUS. The WTRU may use the indicated LP-WUS format and / or configuration for future LP-WUS reception.

[0367] If the 3rd format LP-WUS is not received, then the WTRU may attempt to detect LP-WUS format update via 1st type MO (e.g., attempting to blindly receive a LP-WUS of configured formats and / or configurations).

[0368] If the WTRU fails to receive a 3rd format LP-WUS indicating the LP-WUS format and / or configuration update and fails to detect a LP-WUS format and / or configuration via 1st type MO (e.g., N attempts), then the WTRU may start monitoring legacy paging signal via the MR.

[0369] If the WTRU successfully receives a 3rd type LP-WUS, then the WTRU may proceed with one of the following: if the 3rd format LP-WUS format indicates the WTRU to wake-up, then the WTRU may wakeup its MR (e.g., for monitoring paging signals via MR.) If the 3rd format LP-WUS is indicated format and / or configuration update, then the WTRU may use the received LP-WUS with indicated format and / or configuration to receive LP-WUS (e.g., until a subsequent 3rd type MO).

[0370] If the WTRU receives a LP-WUS format via 1 st type MO (e.g., the WTRU fails to receive a 3rd type LP-WUS in the 3rd type MO immediately prior to the 1st type MO but successfully receives a LP-WUS in the 1 st type MO), then the WTRU may follow one or more of the following steps: if the WTRU receives the LP-WUS to indicate to the WTRU to wake up, then the WTRU may wake up (e.g., for receiving paging signals via MR). If the received LP-WUS does not indicate the WTRU to wake-up, then the WTRU may continue to monitor for LP-WUS using the format of the received LP-WUS (e.g., until the subsequent 3rd type MO).

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:1 . A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) comprising: a processor and a memory, the processor configured to: receive configuration information indicating a plurality of low power wake up signal (LP-WUS) formats and a plurality of LP-WUS monitoring occasions (MOs); monitor for LP-WUSs at each LP-WUS of the plurality of LP-WUS MOs, wherein each LP-WUS MO of the plurality of LP-WUS MOs is a first type of LP-WUS MOs or a second type of LP-WUS MOs; receive a first LP-WUS at a first LP-WUS MO of the plurality of LP-WUS MOs; determine that a LP-WUS format of the first LP-WUS received in the first LP-WUS MO is different than a LP-WUS format of a previous LP-WUS MO; determine to switch to the LP-WUS format for receiving a second LP-WUS in a second LP-WUS MO based on the determination that the WUS format of the first LP-WUS received in the first LP-WUS MO is different than the LP-WUS format of the previous LP-WUS MO; and monitor for the second LP-WUS in the second LP-WUS MO.

2. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein each LP-WUS format of the plurality of LP-WUS formats is associated with one or more of a level of capabilities, a signal structure, or a payload structure.

3. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the LP-WUS format is determined based on a format of the received first LP-WUS out of a plurality of configured LP-WUS formats when the LP-WUS MO is a first type of LP-WUS MO.

4. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the LP-WUS format is determined based on the LP-WUS format associated with the previous LP-WUS MO when the LP-WUS MO is a second type of LP-WUS MO.

5. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the LP-WUS format of the first LP-WUS supports a first signal structure and a first payload structure, and the LP-WUS format of the second LP-WUS supports a second signal structure and a second payload structure.

6. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the first type of LP-WUS MOs is periodic and the second type of LP-WUS MOs are interlaced between consecutive first types of LP-WUS MOs.

7. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to: determine a subgroup identifier (ID), wherein the subgroup ID is associated with a specific LP-WUS or a paging occasion.

8. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the configuration information further comprises one or more uplink reference signals (UL RSs), wherein the UL RSs are associated with one or more of a WTRU identifier (ID), an LP-WUS, a paging occasion, or resources for transmitting the one or more UL RSs.

9. The WTRU of claim 8, wherein the processor is further configured to: transmit the one or more UL RSs on configured RS resources to determine the low power signal quality at the WTRU.

10. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to: receive an indication for activating LP-WUS monitoring, wherein the indication is received via radio resource control (RRC) release message, one or more paging signals, or system information (SI).

11. A method implemented by a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), the method comprising: receiving configuration information indicating a plurality of low power wake up signal (LP-WUS) formats and a plurality of LP-WUS monitoring occasions (MOs); monitoring for LP-WUSs at each LP-WUS of the plurality of LP-WUS MOs, wherein each LP-WUS MO of the plurality of LP-WUS MOs is a first type of LP-WUS MOs or a second type of LP-WUS MOs; receiving a first LP-WUS at a first LP-WUS MO of the plurality of LP-WUS MOs; determining that a LP-WUS format of the first LP-WUS received in the first LP-WUS MO is different than a LP-WUS format of a previous LP-WUS MO; determining to switch to the LP-WUS format for receiving a second LP-WUS in a second LP-WUS MO based on the determination that the WUS format of the first LP-WUS received in the first LP-WUS MO is different than the LP-WUS format of the previous LP-WUS MO; and monitoring for the second LP-WUS in the second LP-WUS MO.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein each LP-WUS format of the plurality of LP-WUS formats is associated with one or more of a level of capabilities, a signal structure, or a payload structure.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein the LP-WUS format is determined based on a format of the received first LP-WUS out of a plurality of configured LP-WUS formats when the LP-WUS MO is a first type of LP-WUS MO.

14. The method of claim 11, wherein the LP-WUS format is determined based on the LP-WUS format associated with the previous LP-WUS MO when the LP-WUS MO is a second type of LP-WUS MO.

15. The method of claim 11, wherein the LP-WUS format of the first LP-WUS supports a first signal structure and a first payload structure, and the LP-WUS format of the second LP-WUS supports a second signal structure and a second payload structure.

16. The method of claim 11 , wherein the first type of LP-WUS MOs is periodic and the second type of LP-WUS MOs are interlaced between consecutive first types of LP-WUS MOs.

17. The method of claim 11 , further comprising: determining a subgroup identifier (ID), wherein the subgroup ID is associated with a specific LP-WUS or a paging occasion.

18. The method of claim 11 , wherein the configuration information further comprises one or more uplink reference signals (UL RSs), wherein the UL RSs are associated with one or more of a WTRU identifier (ID), an LP-WUS, a paging occasion, or resources for transmitting the one or more UL RSs.

19. The WTRU of claim 18, further comprising: transmitting the one or more UL RSs on configured RS resources to determine the low power signal quality at the WTRU.

20. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:receiving an indication for activating LP-WUS monitoring, wherein the indication is received via radio resource control (RRC) release message, one or more paging signals, or system information (SI).

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