Systems and methods for CSI feedback for massive distributed MIMO
The CSI feedback system for massive distributed MIMO systems addresses inefficiencies by aligning global and local bases with antenna ports and using DCT, DFT, and wavelet bases to enhance channel state information estimation and precoding, improving communication efficiency and reducing complexity.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/078177
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-22
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-28
AI Technical Summary
Existing CSI feedback mechanisms for massive distributed MIMO systems are inefficient in handling the coupling relationships between multiple distributed communication nodes, leading to suboptimal performance in channel state information estimation and precoding operations.
A system and method for CSI feedback that aligns global and local bases with the number of antenna ports of distributed communication nodes, utilizing discrete cosine transform (DCT), discrete Fourier transform (DFT), and wavelet bases to define coupling relationships, and employs a sequence generator to determine CSI feedback modes based on signal strength, enabling efficient channel response compression and reporting.
Enhances the performance of MIMO precoding by accurately capturing channel state information, improving communication efficiency and reducing computational complexity in massive distributed MIMO systems.
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Figure CN2024078177_28082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CSI FEEDBACK FOR MASSIVE DISTRIBUTED MIMOTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The disclosure relates generally to wireless communications, including but not limited to systems and methods for CSI Feedback for Massive Distributed MIMO.BACKGROUND
[0002] The standardization organization Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is currently in the process of specifying a new Radio Interface called 5G New Radio (5G NR) as well as a Next Generation Packet Core Network (NG-CN or NGC) . The 5G NR will have three main components: a 5G Access Network (5G-AN) , a 5G Core Network (5GC) , and a User Equipment (UE) . In order to facilitate the enablement of different data services and requirements, the elements of the 5GC, also called Network Functions, have been simplified with some of them being software based, and some being hardware based, so that they could be adapted according to need.SUMMARY
[0003] The example embodiments disclosed herein are directed to solving the issues relating to one or more of the problems presented in the prior art, as well as providing additional features that will become readily apparent by reference to the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompany drawings. In accordance with various embodiments, example systems, methods, devices and computer program products are disclosed herein. It is understood, however, that these embodiments are presented by way of example and are not limiting, and it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art who read the present disclosure that various modifications to the disclosed embodiments can be made while remaining within the scope of this disclosure.
[0004] At least one aspect is directed to a system, method, apparatus, or a computer-readable medium of the following. The method can include a wireless communication node receiving from a wireless communication node through a plurality of distributed communication nodes, a control signal and a pilot signal. In some embodiments, the method can include estimating, by the wireless communication device, based on the pilot signal, Channel State Information (CSI) on channels between the plurality of distributed communication nodes and the wireless communication device. In some embodiments, the method can include reporting, by the wireless communication device to the wireless communication node, the CSI. The control signal indicates a CSI feedback mode associated with a coupling relationship among the channels. In some embodiments, the CSI feedback mode indicates identifications and selections of global bases for the CSI feedback mode associated with the coupling relationship.
[0005] In some embodiments, dimensions of one global base of the global bases is aligned with a number of antenna ports of selected distributed communication nodes of the plurality of distributed communication nodes. In some embodiments, the CSI feedback mode indicates identifications and selections of local bases for the CSI feedback mode associated with the coupling relationship. In some embodiments, one of dimensions of one of the local bases is aligned with a number of antenna ports of a corresponding distributed communication node of the plurality distributed communication nodes. In some embodiments, the coupling relationship is defined by a plurality of discrete sets. A cardinality of one discrete set in the plurality of the discrete sets is mapped to a number of selected distribute communication nodes.
[0006] In some embodiments, a first discrete set in the plurality of discrete sets has a weight different from a second discrete set in the plurality of discrete sets. In some embodiments, an element sequence associated with the one discrete set in the plurality of discrete sets is produced by a sequence generator. At least one input variable of the sequence generator is the cardinality, an element maximum, or a weight of the one discrete set in the plurality of discrete sets. In some embodiments, at least one discrete set in the plurality of discrete sets is fixed and predetermined. In some embodiments, one element in the at least one discrete set in the plurality of discrete sets is determined by a strength of a received signal from a corresponding one selected distributed communication node in the number of selected distributed communication nodes from the wireless communication device.
[0007] In some embodiments, the strength of the received signal is measured by at least one of quantities: SNR, RSRP, RSSI, or CQI. In some embodiments, at least one global base is a DCT, DFT, or Wavelet basis. In some embodiments, at least local base is a DCT, DFT, or Wavelet basis. In some embodiments, the method can include recovering, by the wireless communication node, channel response information associated with one distributed communication node of the plurality of distributed communication nodes using the reported CSI. In some embodiments, the method can include performing, by the wireless communication node, a pre-coded downlink (DL) transmission.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0008] Various example embodiments of the present solution are described in detail below with reference to the following figures or drawings. The drawings are provided for purposes of illustration only and merely depict example embodiments of the present solution to facilitate the reader's understanding of the present solution. Therefore, the drawings should not be considered limiting of the breadth, scope, or applicability of the present solution. It should be noted that for clarity and ease of illustration, these drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.
[0009] FIG. 1 illustrates an example cellular communication network in which techniques disclosed herein may be implemented, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0010] FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an example base station and a user equipment device, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0011] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a plurality of distributed communication nodes connected to control node (CN) or central processing unit (CPU) , in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0012] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a random sequence generator, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0013] FIG. 5 illustrates an example the N1×N2 antenna array on an X-Z plane, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0014] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart for CSI feedback for massive distributed MIMO, in accordance with an embodiments of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0015] A. Mobile Communication Technology and Environment
[0016] FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless communication network, and / or system, 100 in which techniques disclosed herein may be implemented, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. In the following discussion, the wireless communication network 100 may be any wireless network, such as a cellular network or a narrowband Internet of things (NB-IoT) network, and is herein referred to as “network 100. ” Such an example network 100 includes a base station 102 (hereinafter “BS 102” ; also referred to as wireless communication node) and a user equipment device 104 (hereinafter “UE 104” ; also referred to as wireless communication device) that can communicate with each other via a communication link 110 (e.g., a wireless communication channel) , and a cluster of cells 126, 130, 132, 134, 136, 138 and 140 overlaying a geographical area 101. In FIG. 1, the BS 102 and UE 104 are contained within a respective geographic boundary of cell 126. Each of the other cells 130, 132, 134, 136, 138 and 140 may include at least one base station operating at its allocated bandwidth to provide adequate radio coverage to its intended users.
[0017] For example, the BS 102 may operate at an allocated channel transmission bandwidth to provide adequate coverage to the UE 104. The BS 102 and the UE 104 may communicate via a downlink radio frame 118, and an uplink radio frame 124 respectively. Each radio frame 118 / 124 may be further divided into sub-frames 120 / 127 which may include data symbols 122 / 128. In the present disclosure, the BS 102 and UE 104 are described herein as non-limiting examples of “communication nodes, ” generally, which can practice the methods disclosed herein. Such communication nodes may be capable of wireless and / or wired communications, in accordance with various embodiments of the present solution.
[0018] FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an example wireless communication system 200 for transmitting and receiving wireless communication signals (e.g., OFDM / OFDMA signals) in accordance with some embodiments of the present solution. The system 200 may include components and elements configured to support known or conventional operating features that need not be described in detail herein. In one illustrative embodiment, system 200 can be used to communicate (e.g., transmit and receive) data symbols in a wireless communication environment such as the wireless communication environment 100 of FIG. 1, as described above.
[0019] System 200 generally includes a base station 202 (hereinafter “BS 202” ) and a user equipment device 204 (hereinafter “UE 204” ) . The BS 202 includes a BS (base station) transceiver module 210, a BS antenna 212, a BS processor module 214, a BS memory module 216, and a network communication module 218, each module being coupled and interconnected with one another as necessary via a data communication bus 220. The UE 204 includes a UE (user equipment) transceiver module 230, a UE antenna 232, a UE memory module 234, and a UE processor module 236, each module being coupled and interconnected with one another as necessary via a data communication bus 240. The BS 202 communicates with the UE 204 via a communication channel 250, which can be any wireless channel or other medium suitable for transmission of data as described herein.
[0020] As would be understood by persons of ordinary skill in the art, system 200 may further include any number of modules other than the modules shown in FIG. 2. Those skilled in the art will understand that the various illustrative blocks, modules, circuits, and processing logic described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented in hardware, computer-readable software, firmware, or any practical combination thereof. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability and compatibility of hardware, firmware, and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps are described generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware, firmware, or software can depend upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Those familiar with the concepts described herein may implement such functionality in a suitable manner for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present disclosure.
[0021] In accordance with some embodiments, the UE transceiver 230 may be referred to herein as an "uplink" transceiver 230 that includes a radio frequency (RF) transmitter and a RF receiver each comprising circuitry that is coupled to the antenna 232. A duplex switch (not shown) may alternatively couple the uplink transmitter or receiver to the uplink antenna in time duplex fashion. Similarly, in accordance with some embodiments, the BS transceiver 210 may be referred to herein as a "downlink" transceiver 210 that includes a RF transmitter and a RF receiver each comprising circuity that is coupled to the antenna 212. A downlink duplex switch may alternatively couple the downlink transmitter or receiver to the downlink antenna 212 in time duplex fashion. The operations of the two transceiver modules 210 and 230 may be coordinated in time such that the uplink receiver circuitry is coupled to the uplink antenna 232 for reception of transmissions over the wireless transmission link 250 at the same time that the downlink transmitter is coupled to the downlink antenna 212. Conversely, the operations of the two transceivers 210 and 230 may be coordinated in time such that the downlink receiver is coupled to the downlink antenna 212 for reception of transmissions over the wireless transmission link 250 at the same time that the uplink transmitter is coupled to the uplink antenna 232. In some embodiments, there is close time synchronization with a minimal guard time between changes in duplex direction.
[0022] The UE transceiver 230 and the base station transceiver 210 are configured to communicate via the wireless data communication link 250, and cooperate with a suitably configured RF antenna arrangement 212 / 232 that can support a particular wireless communication protocol and modulation scheme. In some illustrative embodiments, the UE transceiver 210 and the base station transceiver 210 are configured to support industry standards such as the Long Term Evolution (LTE) and emerging 5G standards, and the like. It is understood, however, that the present disclosure is not necessarily limited in application to a particular standard and associated protocols. Rather, the UE transceiver 230 and the base station transceiver 210 may be configured to support alternate, or additional, wireless data communication protocols, including future standards or variations thereof.
[0023] In accordance with various embodiments, the BS 202 may be an evolved node B (eNB) , a serving eNB, a target eNB, a femto station, or a pico station, for example. In some embodiments, the UE 204 may be embodied in various types of user devices such as a mobile phone, a smart phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , tablet, laptop computer, wearable computing device, etc. The processor modules 214 and 236 may be implemented, or realized, with a general purpose processor, a content addressable memory, a digital signal processor, an application specific integrated circuit, a field programmable gate array, any suitable programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof, designed to perform the functions described herein. In this manner, a processor may be realized as a microprocessor, a controller, a microcontroller, a state machine, or the like. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a digital signal processor and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a digital signal processor core, or any other such configuration.
[0024] Furthermore, the steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in firmware, in a software module executed by processor modules 214 and 236, respectively, or in any practical combination thereof. The memory modules 216 and 234 may be realized as RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. In this regard, memory modules 216 and 234 may be coupled to the processor modules 210 and 230, respectively, such that the processors modules 210 and 230 can read information from, and write information to, memory modules 216 and 234, respectively. The memory modules 216 and 234 may also be integrated into their respective processor modules 210 and 230. In some embodiments, the memory modules 216 and 234 may each include a cache memory for storing temporary variables or other intermediate information during execution of instructions to be executed by processor modules 210 and 230, respectively. Memory modules 216 and 234 may also each include non-volatile memory for storing instructions to be executed by the processor modules 210 and 230, respectively.
[0025] The network communication module 218 generally represents the hardware, software, firmware, processing logic, and / or other components of the base station 202 that enable bi-directional communication between base station transceiver 210 and other network components and communication nodes configured to communication with the base station 202. For example, network communication module 218 may be configured to support internet or WiMAX traffic. In a typical deployment, without limitation, network communication module 218 provides an 802.3 Ethernet interface such that base station transceiver 210 can communicate with a conventional Ethernet based computer network. In this manner, the network communication module 218 may include a physical interface for connection to the computer network (e.g., Mobile Switching Center (MSC) ) . The terms “configured for, ” “configured to” and conjugations thereof, as used herein with respect to a specified operation or function, refer to a device, component, circuit, structure, machine, signal, etc., that is physically constructed, programmed, formatted and / or arranged to perform the specified operation or function.
[0026] The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model (referred to herein as, “open system interconnection model” ) is a conceptual and logical layout that defines network communication used by systems (e.g., wireless communication device, wireless communication node) open to interconnection and communication with other systems. The model is broken into seven subcomponents, or layers, each of which represents a conceptual collection of services provided to the layers above and below it. The OSI Model also defines a logical network and effectively describes computer packet transfer by using different layer protocols. The OSI Model may also be referred to as the seven-layer OSI Model or the seven-layer model. In some embodiments, a first layer may be a physical layer. In some embodiments, a second layer may be a Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. In some embodiments, a third layer may be a Radio Link Control (RLC) layer. In some embodiments, a fourth layer may be a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer. In some embodiments, a fifth layer may be a Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer. In some embodiments, a sixth layer may be a Non Access Stratum (NAS) layer or an Internet Protocol (IP) layer, and the seventh layer being the other layer.
[0027] Various example embodiments of the present solution are described below with reference to the accompanying figures to enable a person of ordinary skill in the art to make and use the present solution. As would be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, after reading the present disclosure, various changes or modifications to the examples described herein can be made without departing from the scope of the present solution. Thus, the present solution is not limited to the example embodiments and applications described and illustrated herein. Additionally, the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the methods disclosed herein are merely example approaches. Based upon design preferences, the specific order or hierarchy of steps of the disclosed methods or processes can be re-arranged while remaining within the scope of the present solution. Thus, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the methods and techniques disclosed herein present various steps or acts in a sample order, and the present solution is not limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented unless expressly stated otherwise.
[0028] B. CSI Feedback for Massive Distributed MIMO
[0029] In distributed MIMO, coherent joint transmission (CJT) from a plurality of wireless communication / radio nodes to the UE 104 aims to simultaneously transmit traffic data to users / user equipment (UE) . FIG. 3 illustrates an example 300 of a plurality of distributed communication nodes connected to control node (CN) or central processing unit (CPU) . The plurality of distributed communication nodes are connected through Fronthaul and / or Backhaul in a typical network topology for distributed MIMO. For maximizing the performance gain of MIMO precoding operation, the distributed MIMO can support the CSI feedback or reporting procedure analogous to the concentrated MIMO. Prior to the CSI feedback, a plurality of distributed communication nodes can send out pilot signal (e.g., reference signal, or training symbols) across a certain number of resource elements (RE) , which may be shared in a multi-user (MU) scenario by adopting a multiple access (e.g. TDMA (time division multiple access) , FDMA (frequency division multiple access) , and / or CDMA (code division multiple access) ) approach.
[0030] The UE 104 may measure the received signal strength, estimate the channel response (e.g., channel impulse response or channel frequency response) and obtain quantities on compression results of the estimated channel response through digitally processing the pilot signal allocated to the respective distributed communication nodes. For ease of description, seeking a sparse representation of channel response matrix H related to subcarriers or subbands throughout a scheduled bandwidth part (BWP) lays a theory foundation for channel response compression and CSI reporting, and one of specific formulae may be written as H=W1×W2
[0031] where W1 and W2 may be named as basis space or basis matrix and combination coefficient space or combination coefficient matrix, respectively. The H for distributed MIMO may be made up of channel response matrices associated with P distributed communication nodes
[0032] In some embodiments, matrix Ha and H may comprise measurements in space domain and frequency domain (space domain and rank domain, time domain and frequency domain, or space domain and time domain) . In some embodiments, H may be replaced by one or more variants regarded as an object that is compressed and reported (e.g., a unitary matrix V from the single value decomposition (SVD) ) for instance, H=UΣV
[0033] Most of compression schemes may be split into two distinct categories: a first CSI compression category is distributed communication node-independent, and a second CSI compression category is distributed communication node-dependent. Specifically, a tight constrain imposed on the communication node-dependent category may be that a coupling relationship between CSI feedback associated with a plurality of distributed communication nodes should be considered. The present disclosure is primarily related to aspects of the second CSI compression category thereof.
[0034] In some embodiments, a first implementation on the second CSI compression category is to determine the number of selected bases, number of basis coefficients, and / or quantization precision of basis coefficients globally, instead of locally deciding per the distributed communication node. Under this context, the terminology globally implies that CSI feedback associated with distributed communication nodes is dependent on each other. For illustrative purposes, a simple example is given herein for specifying the first implementation on the second CSI compression category. For example, if the first implementation is described in terms of the number of selected bases for CSI feedback, a set or sequence, L= [L1, L2, ..., LP] (La is configured as the number of selected bases for the ath distributed communication node) , is assumed and a coupling relationship aforementioned may be that the selection or generation of each element of L is correlated with each other. In some examples, L is specified as a unique permutation selected from:
[0035] (1, 2, 3) (2, 3, 1)
[0036] (1, 3, 2) (3, 1, 2)
[0037] (2, 1, 3) (3, 2, 1)
[0038] In another example, only one of combinations below is available for L:
[0039] (2, 2, 3)
[0040] (3, 2, 2)
[0041] (2, 3, 3)
[0042] where a group of (integer) elements, {2, 2, 3} instead of {1, 2, 3} in the previous example, are considered. In some embodiments, L is permutation invariant with different elements and weight. In some embodiments, a sum of related elements is termed the weight of L, i.e.
[0043] In some embodiments, La may be determined by the received signal strength associated with the ath distributed communication node (i.e., a numerical value relative to a reference level) . In some embodiments, received signal strength associated with all of distributed communication nodes may implement the computation of the reference level, such as
[0044] where is f a (function) mapping relationship between and La and Ea. The energy or power of received signal from the ath distributed communication node, Ea, may be measured or indicated by a quantity, e.g., signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) , signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) , received signal strength indicator (RSSI) , channel quality index (CQI) , or reference signal received power (RSRP) . In some configuration examples, CQI may be specified by a predetermined table similar to Table A:
[0045] Table A: 4-bit QCI table
[0046] In some configuration examples, a normalization function, fnormalization (E1, E2, …, Ea, …EP) , may help find the sum, (weighted) average, median, maximum of input quantities, minimum of input quantities, or some other quantity derived from inputs. In some embodiments, RSSI or RSRP may be quantized to a certain number of bits in a dBm / dB range (e.g., [-140, 44] dBm) with an appropriated step size. In some embodiments, when the reference level is a power threshold constant, La may be denoted as
[0047] Other than examples above, the set L may be an output of a sequence generator. In some embodiments, a random sequence generator is illustrated in FIG. 4.
[0048] In some embodiments, under an assumption that the selected distributed communication nodes are synchronized, a second implementation on the second CSI compression category may compress channel response in a concentrated way. In this manner, one of the bases in the space W1 may be a distributed communication node-independent vector or tensor with the dimension or length
[0049] where is the number of antenna ports enabled, selected or supported by the ath distribute communication node. In some embodiments, N1×N2 is the antenna array that supports up to Nd=N1N2 antenna ports may be employed by the ath distributed communication node (or, selected distributed communication nodes have Nd antenna ports in total) . A corresponding basis space may be comprised of a plurality of discrete cosine transform (DCT) bases,
[0050] In some embodiments, may be proposed by
[0051] where u1D-DCTmay be specified by
[0052] In some embodiments, may be determined by antenna-port index n1 0≤n1≤ (N1-1) and space parameter index k1 0≤k1≤N1-1. For example,
[0053]
[0054]
[0055]
[0056] or
[0057] In some embodiments, if k1 or n1 is equal to 0, or N1 -1, may be scaled by in order to normalize the vector v1D-DCT, e.g. In some embodiments, similarly, may be constructed based on antenna port index parameter n2 (0≤n2≤ (N2-1) and space index parameter k2 0≤k2≤ (N2-1) , and a related expression may be given by
[0058]
[0059]
[0060]
[0061] or
[0062] In some embodiments, a normalized v1D-DCT demands that is scaled by if k2, or n2 is 0, or N2 -1, e.g. In some embodiments, DCT bases may be suggested as below
[0063] where may be with respect to n3 (0≤n3≤N1N2-1 ) and k3 (0≤k3≤N1N2-1 ) , and may be shown by
[0064]
[0065]
[0066] or
[0067] In some embodiments, may be divided by 1 / √2 if k3 or n3 is equal to 0 or In some embodiments, if the dimension of H is Nd×Nf (Nf may be the rank of spatial channel matrix, number of spatial streams / layers / antenna ports at UE, number of subcarriers, or number of subbands) , instead of 1D DCT, an 2D DCT may be introduced to perform the expansion of H in a form of 2D matrix. For example,
[0068] In some embodiments, Ω2D-DCT , as a scale factor, may be set to and a representation of one of 2D DCT bases in may be
[0069] As a result, (1.2) may be rewritten as
[0070] where,
[0071] In some embodiments, after parameter Ω2D-DCT, and are set to 1, (1.2) may be simplified into
[0072] where,
[0073] In some embodiments, CSI quantities reported by the UE 104 include indices of 1D DCT selected bases (e.g. (k1, l, k2, l ) or k3, l for the lth selected 1D DCT basis) or the indices associated with corresponding (quantized) coefficients in In some embodiments, indices of 2D DCT selected bases (e.g. (k′3, l, kf, l) for the lth selected 2D DCT basis) or the indices associated with corresponding (quantized) coefficients in or are reported by the UE 104 in the condition that 2D DCT is utilized.
[0074] In some embodiments, a plurality of discrete Fourier transform (DFT) bases constructed according to space parameters and antenna (array aperture) samplings may constitute a subspace (or a corresponding space ) . Some of 1D DFT bases in regarding the N1×N2 antenna array on the X-Z plane as illustrated by FIG. 5 may be specified by
[0075] where, operator T represents the matrix transpose. Accordingly, va , one of bases in may be expressed as
[0076] where and represent respective space dimensions of a (planar) antenna array at the ath distributed communication node. In some embodiments, a high-dimension v in may be given by
[0077] In another embodiments, based on the property of independence, the high-dimension may alternatively be changed to
[0078] In some embodiments, array topology determines an antenna sampling, which may be identified by the antenna (port) index and corresponding inter-antenna spacing. In some embodiments, space parameters may refer to quantities related to propagation distance r and direction of wireless signal propagation (e.g., angle of departure (AoD) , angle of arrival (AoA) ) . Specifically, parameter r may be a measurement of distance between reference antennas assigned individually for the receiver (e.g., UE 104) and transmitter (e.g., one of distributed communication nodes or BS) . Generally, array vector v and of a u planar array may be provided by
[0079] where parameter λ, dx, dz, θ, and are respectively wavelength, inter-antenna spacing in the direction of X axis, inter-antenna spacing in the direction of Z axis, azimuth angle and elevation angle. In some embodiments, based on the assumption that (2.1) may be adjusted into
[0080] or
[0081] In some configurations, parameter β may be set to 0, 1, 1 / 2, or1 / 4. In some configurations, m may be selected from a set {0, 1, 2, ..., O2N2-1} and O2 may indicate an integer oversampling factor. In some configurations, quantity O′2 associated with a quadratic term of u may be provided by
[0082] where C, the base of an exponential function, may be 2, 10 or natural base e. In some embodiments, m ′may belong to the set {0, 1, 2, ..., O2N2-1} .
[0083] Assuming that and (2.2) may be rewritten as
[0084] or,
[0085] where O1 is another integer oversampling factor while O′1 is taking a role of another scale factor. In some configurations, quantity O′1 may be
[0086] and quantity O′2 may be same as quantity O′1, i.e.,
[0087] where m″may be chosen from the set {0, 1, …, O1N1-1} , {0, 1, …, O2N2-1} , or {0, 1, …, O1N1O2N2-1} . In some embodiments, L bases for reporting CSI are determined by UE and the representations of vector um and vl, m corresponding to the ith basis may be defined as follows
[0088] or,
[0089] or,
[0090] where q1∈= {0, 1, …, O1-1} , q2∈= {0, 1, …, O2-1} , i∈= {0, 1, …, L-1} .
[0091] In some embodiments, r may be set to (positive) infinity (i.e., assuming that a far field model is applied to the wireless signal transmission) and as a consequence, (2.1) , (2.2) , (2.3) , (2.4) , (2.5) and (2.6) can be remedied into
[0092] In addition, ua and va for the ath distributed communication node may be obtained by substituting for (N1, N2) .
[0093] In some embodiments, 2D DFT may be used for the decomposition of H yielding that
[0094] In some embodiments, scale factor Ω2D-DFT may be set to 1 / NfNd and basis space may be described as
[0095] Based on Ω2D-DFT and above, (2.7) may be updated as below
[0096] In some embodiments, a viable alternative to (2.7) may be
[0097] where Ω2D-DFT and the effect of scale factors and aforementioned may be approximated by
[0098] At the CSI feedback stage, quantities reported by the UE 104 includes at least indices of selected DFT bases (e.g., for the ith 1D DFT basis or (k′3, i, kf, i) for the ith 2D DFT basis) or indices associated with (quantized) elements in the coefficient matrix (e.g. or ) .
[0099] In some embodiments, suppose that a transmitter (e.g., BS 102 or one of a plurality of distributed communication nodes of BS 102) is equipped with N1×N2 the planar array of comprising Nd=N1N2 antenna ports and the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is enabled for channel response compression at a (discrete) sampling time t
[0100] where mj and mk are (input) index variables and t is occasionally omitted for simplicity. When a number of distributed communication nodes are considered for CJT, the total number of antenna ports may be calculated by
[0101] where the superscript a is an index of one of a plurality of distributed communication nodes. In some embodiments, the basis space for DWT may be specified as
[0102] In some embodiments, (3.1) may be computed as
[0103] In some embodiments, basis function, scaling function and wavelet function, namely
[0104] may vary from wavelet type to wavelet type. In some embodiments, the wavelet types may contain Haar, Daubechies, Coiflets, Fejér-Korovkin filters, Morris minimum-bandwidth, Beylkin Vaidyanathan, Han linear-phase moments, Discrete Meyer, BiorSplines, ReverseBior, among others. The low-pass filter and high-pass filter hv (t) in (3.2.1) and (3.2.2) may have a relationship
[0105] In some embodiments, (3.1) may be replaced by a 2D DWT. For example,
[0106] where and are the scaling function and wavelet function ( or ) for the 2D DWT. In some embodiments, Ω2D-DWT , a scale factor for 2D DWT, may be equal to
[0107] Regarding CSI feedback based on the wavelet transform (e.g., DWT or 2D DWT) , quantities included in CSI reporting may be indices of selected DWT bases, (e.g., indices of the lth selected basis for DWT
[0108] or indices of the lth selected basis for 2D DWT
[0109] or the indices of selected DWT bases or indices associated with (quantized) elements in the coefficient space (e.g. or ) .
[0110] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart 600 for CSI feedback for massive distributed MIMO. The method 600 may be executed by any one or more of the components and devices detailed herein in conjunction with FIGS. 1 to 5. In overview, the method 600 may be performed by a wireless communication node (e.g., a base station (BS) 102) , in some embodiments. Additional, fewer, or different operations may be performed in the method 600 depending on the embodiment. At least one aspect of the operations is directed to a system, method, apparatus, or a computer-readable medium.
[0111] At step 605, the wireless communication node can send a control signal and a pilot signal to a wireless communication device (e.g., user equipment (UE) 104) . At step 610, the wireless communication device can receive the control signal and the pilot signal through a plurality of distributed communication nodes. The control signal can indicate a Channel State Information (CSI) feedback mode associated with a coupling relationship among the channels. The CSI feedback mode can indicate identifications and selections of global bases for the CSI feedback mode associated with the coupling relationship.
[0112] Dimensions of one global base can be aligned with a number of antenna ports of selected distributed communication nodes of the plurality of distributed communication nodes. At least one global base is a DCT, DFT, or Wavelet basis. The CSI feedback mode can indicate identifications and selections of local bases for the CSI feedback mode associated with the coupling relationship. Dimensions of one local base one of the local bases can be aligned with a number of antenna ports of a corresponding distributed communication node of the plurality distributed communication nodes. At least one local base is a DCT, DFT, or Wavelet basis.
[0113] The coupling relationship can be defined by a plurality of discrete sets. A cardinality of one discrete sets in the plurality of the discrete sets can be mapped to a number of selected distribute communication nodes. A first discrete set in the plurality of discrete sets has a weight different from a second discrete set in the plurality of discrete sets. An element sequence associated with the one discrete set in the plurality of discrete sets can be produced by a sequence generator. At least one input variable of the sequence generator is the cardinality, an element maximum, or a weight of the one discrete set in the plurality of discrete sets. At least one discrete set in the plurality of discrete sets is fixed and predetermined. One element in the at least one discrete set in the plurality of discrete sets can be determined by a strength of a received signal from a corresponding one selected distributed communication node in the number of selected distributed communication nodes from the wireless communication device. The strength of the received signal can be measured by at least one of quantities: SNR, RSRP, RSSI, or CQI.
[0114] At step 615, the wireless communication device can estimate, based on the pilot signal, CSI on channels between the plurality of distributed communication nodes and the wireless communication device. At step 620, the wireless communication node can receive the CSI from the wireless communication device. The wireless communication node can recover channel response information associated with one distributed communication node of the plurality of distributed communication nodes using the reported / received CSI. The wireless communication node can perform a pre-coded downlink (DL) transmission.
[0115] While various embodiments of the present solution have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not by way of limitation. Likewise, the various diagrams may depict an example architectural or configuration, which are provided to enable persons of ordinary skill in the art to understand example features and functions of the present solution. Such persons would understand, however, that the solution is not restricted to the illustrated example architectures or configurations but can be implemented using a variety of alternative architectures and configurations. Additionally, as would be understood by persons of ordinary skill in the art, one or more features of one embodiment can be combined with one or more features of another embodiment described herein. Thus, the breadth and scope of the present disclosure should not be limited by any of the above-described illustrative embodiments.
[0116] It is also understood that any reference to an element herein using a designation such as "first, " "second, " and so forth does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. Rather, these designations can be used herein as a convenient means of distinguishing between two or more elements or instances of an element. Thus, a reference to first and second elements does not mean that only two elements can be employed, or that the first element must precede the second element in some manner.
[0117] Additionally, a person having ordinary skill in the art would understand that information and signals can be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits and symbols, for example, which may be referenced in the above description can be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0118] A person of ordinary skill in the art would further appreciate that any of the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, processors, means, circuits, methods and functions described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware (e.g., a digital implementation, an analog implementation, or a combination of the two) , firmware, various forms of program or design code incorporating instructions (which can be referred to herein, for convenience, as "software" or a "software module) , or any combination of these techniques. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware, firmware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware, firmware or software, or a combination of these techniques, depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans can implement the described functionality in various ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions do not cause a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.
[0119] Furthermore, a person of ordinary skill in the art would understand that various illustrative logical blocks, modules, devices, components and circuits described herein can be implemented within or performed by an integrated circuit (IC) that can include a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof. The logical blocks, modules, and circuits can further include antennas and / or transceivers to communicate with various components within the network or within the device. A general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor can be any conventional processor, controller, or state machine. A processor can also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other suitable configuration to perform the functions described herein.
[0120] If implemented in software, the functions can be stored as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Thus, the steps of a method or algorithm disclosed herein can be implemented as software stored on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that can be enabled to transfer a computer program or code from one place to another. A storage media can be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer.
[0121] In this document, the term "module" as used herein, refers to software, firmware, hardware, and any combination of these elements for performing the associated functions described herein. Additionally, for purpose of discussion, the various modules are described as discrete modules; however, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, two or more modules may be combined to form a single module that performs the associated functions according to embodiments of the present solution.
[0122] Additionally, memory or other storage, as well as communication components, may be employed in embodiments of the present solution. It will be appreciated that, for clarity purposes, the above description has described embodiments of the present solution with reference to different functional units and processors. However, it will be apparent that any suitable distribution of functionality between different functional units, processing logic elements or domains may be used without detracting from the present solution. For example, functionality illustrated to be performed by separate processing logic elements, or controllers, may be performed by the same processing logic element, or controller. Hence, references to specific functional units are only references to a suitable means for providing the described functionality, rather than indicative of a strict logical or physical structure or organization.
[0123] Various modifications to the embodiments described in this disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other embodiments without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the novel features and principles disclosed herein, as recited in the claims below.
Claims
1.A wireless communication method, comprising:receiving, by a wireless communication device from a wireless communication node through a plurality of distributed communication nodes, a control signal and a pilot signal;estimating, by the wireless communication device, based on the pilot signal, Channel State Information (CSI) on channels between the plurality of distributed communication nodes and the wireless communication device; andreporting, by the wireless communication device to the wireless communication node, the CSI;wherein the control signal indicates a CSI feedback mode associated with a coupling relationship among the channels.2.The wireless communication method of claim 1, wherein the CSI feedback mode indicates identifications and selections of global bases for the CSI feedback mode associated with the coupling relationship.3.The wireless communication method of claim 2, wherein dimensions of one global base of the global bases is aligned with a number of antenna ports of selected distributed communication nodes of the plurality of distributed communication nodes.4.The wireless communication method of claim 1, wherein the CSI feedback mode indicates identifications and selections of local bases for the CSI feedback mode associated with the coupling relationship.5.The wireless communication method of claim 4, wherein one of dimensions of one of the local bases is aligned with a number of antenna ports of a corresponding distributed communication node of the plurality distributed communication nodes.6.The wireless communication method of claim 1, wherein the coupling relationship is defined by a plurality of discrete sets,wherein a cardinality of one discrete set in the plurality of the discrete sets is mapped to a number of selected distribute communication nodes.7.The wireless communication method of claim 6, wherein a first discrete set in the plurality of discrete sets has a weight different from a second discrete set in the plurality of discrete sets.8.The wireless communication method of claim 6, wherein an element sequence associated with the one discrete set in the plurality of discrete sets is produced by a sequence generator,wherein at least one input variable of the sequence generator is the cardinality, an element maximum, or a weight of the one discrete set in the plurality of discrete sets.9.The wireless communication method of claim 6, wherein at least one discrete set in the plurality of discrete sets is fixed and predetermined.10.The wireless communication method of claim 6, wherein one element in the at least one discrete set in the plurality of discrete sets is determined by a strength of a received signal from a corresponding one selected distributed communication node in the number of selected distributed communication nodes from the wireless communication device.11.The wireless communication method of claim 10, wherein the strength of the received signal is measured by at least one of quantities: SNR, RSRP, RSSI, or CQI.12.The wireless communication method of claim 2, wherein at least one global base is a DCT, DFT, or Wavelet basis.13.The wireless communication method of claim 4, wherein at least local base is a DCT, DFT, or Wavelet basis.14.The wireless communication method of claim 1, further comprising:recovering, by the wireless communication node, channel response information associated with one distributed communication node of the plurality of distributed communication nodes using the reported CSI; andperforming, by the wireless communication node, a pre-coded downlink (DL) transmission.15.A wireless communication method, comprising:sending, by a wireless communication node through a plurality of distributed communication nodes to a wireless communication device , a control signal and a pilot signal; andreceiving, by the wireless communication node from the wireless communication device, Channel State Information (CSI) ,wherein the wireless communication device estimates the CSI on channels between the plurality of distributed communication nodes and the wireless communication device,wherein the control signal indicates a CSI feedback mode associated with a coupling relationship among the channels.16.A wireless communications apparatus comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the processor is configured to read code from the memory and implement a method recited in any of claims 1 to 14.17.A computer program product comprising a computer-readable program medium code stored thereupon, the code, when executed by a processor, causing the processor to implement a method recited in any of claims 1 to 14.
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