Polymeric composition having resistance to both NOX discoloration and extrusion-processing degradation

Abstract

A composition having: a thermoplastic; a first chemical compound having the structure: (I) wherein, each R1, R2, R4, and R3 is independently selected and is a hydrogen atom, a C1-8 alkyl moiety, a C5-8 cycloalkyl moiety, a C6-12 alkylcycloalkyl moiety, a C7-12 arylalkyl moiety, or a C6- 14 aryl moiety; each R3 is independently selected and is a hydrogen atom or a C1-8 alkyl moiety; X is a single bond, a sulfur atom, or a CHR6 moiety, wherein R6 is a hydrogen atom, a C1-8 alkyl moiety, or a C5-8 cycloalkyl moiety; A is a C2-8 alkylene moiety or an *COR7 moiety, wherein R7 is a single bond or a C1-8 alkylene moiety, and wherein the "*" character is used to confirm the positional understanding that the "C" atom in the "*COR7 moiety" is bonded to the adjacent "O" atom shown in the main structure; and one of ¥ and Z is a hydroxy moiety, a C1-8 alkoxy moiety or a C7-12 arylalkyloxy moiety, and the other is a hydrogen atom or a C1-8 alkyl moiety, and a second chemical compound having the structure: (II) wherein, each R is independently selected and is a C1-C20 alkyl moiety, a C6-C20 aryl moiety, C6-C20 alkylaryl moiety, a methyl moiety, a tertiary butyl moiety, a cumyl moiety, or a hydrogen atom.

Description

[0001] TITLE OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Polymeric Composition Having Resistance to Both NOx Discoloration and Extrusion-Processing Degradation

[0003] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0004] This Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) patent application claims priority to U.S. provisional patent application 63438232 having a fding date of January 10, 2023. The subject matter of U.S. provisional patent application 63438232 is incorporated into this PCT patent application by reference.

[0005] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0006] “NOx discoloration” is a term of art that describes a kind of process by which a plastic article becomes discolored due to its extended exposure to a nitrogen oxide (NOx) gas, i.e., either nitric oxide (NO) or nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Very generally, the NOx gas reacts with a plastic’s phenolic antioxidants (that have been compounded into the plastic) to yield reaction products that “discolor” or “fade” the article’s original appearance. Sometimes the reaction products have a yellow color and sometimes they have a pink color, and as a result, an article will have a yellow or pink discoloration that increases over time.

[0007] “Extrusion-processing degradation” is a term of art that describes polymer degradation that results from a polymer composition being subjected to extrusion-processing conditions.

[0008] There remains a need for polymeric compositions that: 1) resist “NOx discoloration” and thereby extend the longevity of an article’s original appearance, and 2) resist extrusion-processing degradation.

[0009] BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0010] A composition having: a thermoplastic; a first chemical compound having the structure:

[0011] wherein, each R1, R2, R4, and R5is independently selected and is a hydrogen atom, a Ci-8 alkyl moiety, a C5-8 cycloalkyl moiety, a C6-12 alkylcycloalkyl moiety, a C7-12 arylalkyl moiety, or a Ce- 14 aryl moiety; each R3is independently selected and is a hydrogen atom or a C1-8 alkyl moiety;

[0012] X is a single bond, a sulfur atom, or a CHR6moiety, wherein R6is a hydrogen atom, a C1-8 alkyl moiety, or a C5-8 cycloalkyl moiety; A is a C2-8 alkylene moiety or an *COR7moiety, wherein R7is a single bond or a C1-8 alkylene moiety, and wherein the character is used to confirm the positional understanding that the “C” atom in the “*COR7moiety” is bonded to the adjacent “O” atom shown in the main structure; and one of Y and Z is a hydroxy moiety, a C1-8 alkoxy moiety or a C7-12 arylalkyloxy moiety, and the other is a hydrogen atom or a C1-8 alkyl moiety, and a second chemical compound having the structure: wherein, each R is independently selected and is a C1-C20 alkyl moiety, a C6-C20 aryl moiety, Ce- C20 alkylaryl moiety, a methyl moiety, a tertiary butyl moiety, a cumyl moiety, or a hydrogen atom.

[0013] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING(S)

[0014] Fig. 1 is Table 1.

[0015] Fig. 2 is Table 2. Fig. 3 is Table 3.

[0016] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0017] Embodiments are directed to polymeric compositions having NOx discoloration resistance. Each compositional embodiment has the following-three components:

[0018] I) a thermoplastic,

[0019] II) a first chemical compound, and

[0020] III) a second chemical compound.

[0021] THE THERMOPLASTIC

[0022] Any known thermoplastic can be used to manufacture the compositional embodiments. A nonlimiting list of useful thermoplastics includes:

[0023] (1) polyethylene, for example, high-density polyethylene (HD-PE), low-density polyethylene (LD-PE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE)

[0024] (2) polypropylene

[0025] (3) methylpentene polymer

[0026] (4) EEA (ethyl ene / ethyl acrylate copolymer) resin

[0027] (5) ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer resin

[0028] (6) polystyrenes, for example, polystyrene, poly (p-methyl styrene), poly (a-methyl styrene)

[0029] (7) AS (acrylonitrile / styrene copolymer) resin

[0030] (8) ABS (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymer) resin

[0031] (9) AAS (special acrylic rubber / acrylonitrile / styrene copolymer) resin (10) ACS (acrylonitrile / chlorinated polyethylene / styrene copolymer) resin

[0032] (11) chlorinated polyethylene, polychloroprene, chlorinated rubber

[0033] (12) polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyldene chloride

[0034] (13) methacrylic resin

[0035] (14) ethylene / vinyl alcohol copolymer resin

[0036] (15) fluororesin

[0037] (16) poly acetal

[0038] (17) grafted polyphenylene ether resin and polyphenylene sulfide resin

[0039] (18) polyurethane

[0040] (19) polyamide

[0041] (20) polyester, for example, poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(butylene terephthalate)

[0042] (21) polycarbonate

[0043] (22) polyacrylate

[0044] (23) polysulfone, polyether ether ketone, polyether sulfone

[0045] (24) aromatic polyester resin

[0046] To be clear, any of the above identified thermoplastics can be used either alone or in combination with one or more thermoplastics.

[0047] THE FIRST CHEMICAL COMPOUND

[0048] In embodiments, the first chemical compound has the structure:

[0049] wherein, each R1, R2, R4, and R5is independently selected and is a hydrogen atom, a Ci-8 alkyl moiety, a C5-8 cycloalkyl moiety, a C6-12 alkylcycloalkyl moiety, a C7-12 arylalkyl moiety, or a Ce-14 aryl moiety; each R3is independently selected and is a hydrogen atom or a C1-8 alkyl moiety;

[0050] X is a single bond, a sulfur atom, or a CHR6moiety, wherein R6is a hydrogen atom, a C1-8 alkyl moiety, or a C5-8 cycloalkyl moiety;

[0051] A is a C2-8 alkylene moiety or an *COR7moiety, wherein R7is a single bond or a C1-8 alkylene moiety, and wherein the character is used to confirm the positional understanding that the “C” atom in the “*COR7moiety” is bonded to the adjacent “O” atom shown in the main structure; and one of Y and Z is a hydroxy moiety, a C1-8 alkoxy moiety or a C7-12 arylalkyloxy moiety, and the other is a hydrogen atom or a C1-8 alkyl moiety.

[0052] In additional embodiments, each R1and R4is independently selected and is a C1-8 alkyl moiety, a C5-8 cycloalkyl moiety or a C6-12 alkylcycloalkyl moiety. In additional embodiments, each R1and R4is independently selected and is a C4-8 alkyl moiety having a tertiary carbon atom, a cyclohexyl moiety, or a 1 -methylcyclohexyl moiety. In additional embodiments, each R1and R4is independently selected and is a t-butyl moiety, a t-pentyl moiety, or a t-octyl moiety. In additional embodiments, each R1and R4is a t-butyl moiety. In additional embodiments, each R2is independently selected and is a Ci-8 alkyl moiety, a C5-8 cycloalkyl moiety, or a C6-12 alkylcycloalkyl moiety. In additional embodiments, each R2is independently selected and is C1-5 alkyl moiety. In additional embodiments, each R2is independently selected and is a methyl moiety, a t-butyl moiety, or a t-pentyl moiety. In additional embodiments, each R2is a t-butyl moiety.

[0053] In additional embodiments, R3is a hydrogen atom, a C1-8 alkyl moiety, or a C5-8 cycloalkyl moiety. In additional embodiments, R5is a hydrogen atom or a C1-5 alkyl moiety. In additional embodiments, R3is a hydrogen atom or a methyl moiety. In additional embodiments, R5is a methyl moiety.

[0054] In additional embodiments, each R3is independently selected and is a hydrogen atom or a C1-5 alkyl moiety. In additional embodiments, each R3is independently selected and is a hydrogen atom or a methyl moiety. In additional embodiments, each R3is a hydrogen atom.

[0055] In additional embodiments, X is a single bond, a sulfur atom, or a CHR6moiety, wherein R6is a hydrogen atom or a C1-8 alkyl moiety. In additional embodiments, X is a single bond or a CHR6moiety, wherein R6is a hydrogen atom or a C1-8 alkyl moiety. In additional embodiments, X is a single bond.

[0056] In additional embodiments, A is a C2-8 alkylene moiety, a carbonyl moiety, or an *CO(CH2)2 moiety, wherein the character is used to confirm the positional understanding that the first “C” atom in the “*CO(CH2)2 moiety” is bonded to the adjacent “O” atom shown in the main structure. In additional embodiments, A is a C2-8 alkylene moiety. In additional embodiments, A is a trimethylene moiety.

[0057] In additional embodiments, one of Y and Z is a hydroxy moiety and the other is a hydrogen atom. In additional embodiments, Y is a hydroxy moiety and Z is a hydrogen atom.

[0058] In additional embodiments, each R1, R2and R4is independently selected and is a C1-8 alkyl moiety, a C5-8 cycloalkyl moiety, or a C6-12 alkylcycloalkyl moiety; R5is a hydrogen atom, a C1-8 alkyl moiety, or a C5-8 cycloalkyl moiety; R3is a hydrogen atom or a C1-5 alkyl moiety; X is a single bond or a CHR6moiety wherein R6is a hydrogen atom or a C1-8 alkyl moiety; A is a C2-8 alkylene moiety, a carbonyl moiety or *CO(CH2)2 moiety wherein the character is used to confirm the positional understanding that the first “C” atom in the “*CO(CH2)2 moiety” is bonded to the adjacent “O” atom shown in the main structure; and one of Y and Z is a hydroxy and the other is a hydrogen atom.

[0059] In additional embodiments, each R1and R4is independently selected and is a C4-8 alkyl moiety having a tertiary carbon atom, a cyclohexyl moiety, or a 1 -methyl cyclohexyl moiety; R2is a C1-5 alkyl moiety, R5is a hydrogen atom or a C1-5 alkyl moiety, R3is a hydrogen atom or a methyl moiety, X is a single bond, A is a C2-8 alkylene moiety, Y is a hydroxy moiety, and Z is a hydrogen atom.

[0060] In additional embodiments, each R1and R4is independently selected and is a t-butyl moiety, t- pentyl moiety or a t-octyl moiety, R2is a methyl moiety, a t-butyl moiety, or a t-pentyl moiety, R5is a hydrogen atom or a methyl moiety, R3is a hydrogen atom, X is a single bond, A is a trimethylene moiety, Y is a hydroxy moiety, and Z is a hydrogen atom.

[0061] In additional embodiments, the first chemical compound is 6-[3-(3-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-5- methylphenyl)propoxy]-2,4,8,10-tetra-t-butyldibenzo[d,f][l,3,2]dioxaphosphepin.

[0062] THE FIRST CHEMICAL COMPOUND’S MOIETY DEFINITIONS

[0063] The following definitions apply to the first chemical compound:

[0064] "Cx-y" means that the number of carbon atoms is not less than x and not more than y (x, y: integers).

[0065] "Alkyl moiety" encompasses both a linear alkyl moiety and a branched chain alkyl moiety. Examples of the "Ci-18 alkyl moiety" include methyl moiety, ethyl moiety, propyl moiety, isopropyl moiety, butyl moiety, isobutyl moiety, sec-butyl moiety, t-butyl moiety, pentyl moiety, isopentyl moiety, neopentyl moiety, t-pentyl moiety, hexyl moiety, heptyl moiety, octyl moiety, isooctyl moiety (alias: 6-methylheptyl moiety), t-octyl moiety (alias: 1,1, 3, 3 -tetramethylbutyl moiety), 2-ethylhexyl moiety, nonyl moiety, decyl moiety, undecyl moiety, dodecyl moiety, tridecyl moiety, tetradecyl moiety, pentadecyl moiety, hexadecyl moiety, heptadecyl moiety, octadecyl moiety. Examples of the "C1-5 alkyl moiety", "C1-6 alkyl moiety", "Ci-s alkyl moiety" and "C4-8 alkyl moiety" respectively include the aforementioned examples having a carbon atom number of 1-5, 1-6, 1-8 and 4-8.

[0066] "Alkoxy moiety" encompasses both a linear alkoxy moiety and a branched chain alkoxy moiety. Examples of the "C1-8 alkoxy moiety" include methoxy moiety, ethoxy moiety, propoxy moiety, isopropoxy moiety, butoxy moiety, isobutoxy moiety, sec-butoxy moiety, t-butoxy moiety, t- pentyloxy moiety, isooctyloxy moiety (alias: 6-methylheptyloxy moiety), t-octyloxy moiety (alias: 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyloxy moiety), 2-ethyl-hexyloxy moiety.

[0067] Examples of the "C5-8 cycloalkyl moiety" include cyclopentyl moiety, cyclohexyl moiety, cycloheptyl moiety, cyclooctyl moiety.

[0068] Examples of the "C6-12 alkylcycloalkyl moiety" include 1 -methylcyclopentyl moiety, 2- methylcyclopentyl moiety, 1 -methylcyclohexyl moiety, 2-methylcyclohexyl moiety, l-methyl-4- isopropylcyclohexyl moiety.

[0069] Examples of the "C7-12 aralkyl moiety" include benzyl moiety, a-methylbenzyl moiety (alias: 1 -phenylethyl moiety), a,a-dimethylbenzyl moiety (alias: 1 -methyl- 1 -phenylethyl moiety or cumyl moiety) and the like.

[0070] Examples of the "C7-12 aralkyloxy moiety" include benzyloxy moiety, a-methylbenzyloxy moiety, a,a-dimethylbenzyloxy moiety.

[0071] "Alkylene moiety" encompasses both a linear alkylene moiety and a branched chain alkylene moiety. Examples of the "C1-8 alkylene moiety" include methylene moiety, ethylene moiety, propylene moiety (-CH(CH3)CH2-, -CH2CH(CH3)-), trimethylene moiety, tetramethylene moiety, pentamethylene moiety, hexamethylene moiety, octamethylene moiety, 2,2-dimethyl- 1,3-propylene moiety. Examples of the "C2-8 alkylene moiety" include the aforementioned examples having a carbon atom number of 2-8. Examples of the "Ce-is aryl moiety" include phenyl moiety, naphthyl moiety, phenanthryl moiety, anthryl moiety, biphenylyl moiety, terphenyl moiety. Examples of the "Ce-i4 aryl moiety" include the aforementioned examples having a carbon atom number of 6-14.

[0072] THE SECOND CHEMICAL COMPOUND

[0073] In embodiments, the second compound has the structure: wherein, each R is independently selected and is a C1-C20 alkyl moiety, a C6-C20 aryl moiety, C6-C20 alkylaryl moiety, a methyl moiety, a tertiary butyl moiety, a cumyl moiety, or a hydrogen atom.

[0074] In other embodiments, the second chemical compound is: bis (2,4-dicumylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite.

[0075] AVAILABILITY OF THE FIRST AND SECOND CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS

[0076] The first chemical compound, i.e., wherein, each R1, R2, R4, and R5is independently selected and is a hydrogen atom, a Ci-8 alkyl moiety, a C5-8 cycloalkyl moiety, a C6-12 alkylcycloalkyl moiety, a C7-12 aralkyl moiety, or a Ce-14 aryl moiety; each R3is independently selected and is a hydrogen atom or a C1-8 alkyl moiety;

[0077] X is a single bond, a sulfur atom, or a CHR6moiety, wherein R6is a hydrogen atom, a C1-8 alkyl moiety, or a C5-8 cycloalkyl moiety;

[0078] A is a C2-8 alkylene moiety or an *COR7moiety, wherein R7is a single bond or a C1-8 alkylene moiety, and wherein the character is used to confirm the positional understanding that the “C” atom in the “*COR7moiety” is bonded to the adjacent “O” atom shown in the main structure; and one of Y and Z is a hydroxy moiety, a C1-8 alkoxy moiety or a C7-12 arylalkyloxy moiety, and the other is a hydrogen atom or a C1-8 alkyl moiety, can be obtained commercially from Sumitomo Chemical Corporation under the trademark SUMILIZER® GP. Or, the first chemical compound can be manufactured using a known method.

[0079] The second chemical compound, i.e., wherein, each R is independently selected and is a C1-C20 alkyl moiety, a C6-C20 aryl moiety, C6-C20 alkylaryl moiety, a methyl moiety, a tertiary butyl moiety, a cumyl moiety, or a hydrogen atom, can be obtained commercially from Dover Chemical under the trademark DOVERPHOS Or, the second chemical compound can be manufactured using a known method.

[0080] USEFUL AMOUNTS

[0081] In embodiments, useful amounts of the first chemical compound, i.e., wherein, each R1, R2, R4, and R5is independently selected and is a hydrogen atom, a Ci-8 alkyl moiety, a C5-8 cycloalkyl moiety, a C6-12 alkylcycloalkyl moiety, a C7-12 aralkyl moiety, or a Ce-14 aryl moiety; each R3is independently selected and is a hydrogen atom or a C1-8 alkyl moiety;

[0082] X is a single bond, a sulfur atom, or a CHR6moiety, wherein R6is a hydrogen atom, a C1-8 alkyl moiety, or a C5-8 cycloalkyl moiety;

[0083] A is a C2-8 alkylene moiety or an *COR7moiety, wherein R7is a single bond or a C1-8 alkylene moiety, and wherein the character is used to confirm the positional understanding that the “C” atom in the “*COR7moiety” is bonded to the adjacent “O” atom shown in the main structure; and one of Y and Z is a hydroxy moiety, a C1-8 alkoxy moiety or a C7-12 arylalkyloxy moiety, and the other is a hydrogen atom or a C1-8 alkyl moiety, range from 0.005 parts by mass to 0.20 parts by mass. In other embodiments, useful amounts of the first chemical compound range from 0.009 parts by mass to 0.15 parts by mass. In still other embodiments, useful amounts of the first chemical compound range from 0.013 parts by mass to 0.075 parts by mass.

[0084] In embodiments, useful amounts of the second chemical compound, i.e., wherein, each R is independently selected and is a C1-C20 alkyl moiety, a C6-C20 aryl moiety, C6-C20 alkylaryl moiety, a methyl moiety, a tertiary butyl moiety, a cumyl moiety, or a hydrogen atom, range from 0.01 parts by mass to 0.20 parts by mass. In other embodiments, useful amounts of the second chemical compound range from 0.025 parts by mass to 0. 15 parts by mass. In still other embodiments, useful amounts of the second chemical compound range from 0.025 parts by mass to 0.075 parts by mass.

[0085] ADDITIONAL USEFUL ADDITIVES AND FILLERS

[0086] In addition to the three components, i.e, a thermoplastic, a first chemical compound, and a second chemical compound; compositional embodiments may contain one or more additional additives and fillers. Additional useful additives and fillers are described below.

[0087] Amines, acid-binding metal salt, phenolic antioxidant, sulfur antioxidant, phosphorus antioxidant, ultraviolet absorber, light stabilizer, metal deactivator, peroxide scavenger, polyamide stabilizer, hydroxylamine, neutralizing agent, lubricant, nucleating agent, filler, plasticizer, flame-retardant, antistatic agent, antiblocking agent, surfactant, processing aid, foaming agent, emulsifier, gloss agent, coloring-improving agent (e.g., 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10- phosphophenanthrene- 10-oxi de), and benzofurans and indolines described in US-B-4,325,853; 4,338,244; 5,175,312; 5,216,053; 5,252,643; 4,316,611; DE-A-4,316,622; 4,316,876; EP-A- 589,839; 591,102; and the like.

[0088] The hydrolysis resistance of the first and second chemical compounds can be improved by adding amines and / or acid-binding metal salt to the phosphite composition of the present invention.

[0089] Examples of the amines include the following: trialkanolamines such as triethanolamine, tripropanolamine, triisopropanolamine and the like, dialkanolamines such as diethanolamine, dipropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, tetraethanol ethylenediamine, tetraisopropanolethylenediamine and the like, monoalkanolamines such as dibutylethanolamine, dibutylisopropanolamine and the like, aromatic amines such as l,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-triazine and the like, alkylamines such as dibutylamine, piperidine, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 4-hydroxy- 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine and the like, polyalkylenepolyamines such as hexamethylenetetramine, tri ethylenedi amine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine and the like, the below-mentioned hindered amine light stabilizer.

[0090] As amines, long chain aliphatic amine described in JP-A-61-63686, a compound containing the steric hindered amino group described in JP-A-6-329830, a hindered piperidinyl light stabilizer described in JP-A-7-90270, organic amine described in JP-A-7-278164 and the like can be used.

[0091] When amines are used, the amount thereof is preferably about 0.01 - 25 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the first chemical compound.

[0092] Examples of the acid-binding metal salt include hydrotalcites. Examples of the hydrotalcites include those represented by the following formula:

[0093] M2+i-x • M3+x • (OH-)2 • (An)x / n • pH2O wherein M2+is Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Pb, Sn and / or Ni, M3+is Al, B or Bi, n is a value of 1-4, x is a value of 0-0.5, p is a value of 0-2, and An- is anion of n-valence. Examples of A11' include OH; Cl; Br; I; C1O4; HCO3; C6H5COO; CO32; SO2; OOCCOO; (CHOHCOO)22; C2H4(COO)22; (CH2COO)22; CH3CHOHCOO; sio32; sio44; Fe(CN)64; BO3- , PO33and HPO42’.

[0094] Of hydrotalcites, one represented by the following formula:

[0095] Mgi-xAlx(OH)2(CO3)x / 2 • pH2O wherein x and p are as defined above, is preferable.

[0096] Hydrotalcites may be natural products or synthetic products, and can be used irrespective of the crystal structures thereof, crystal particle size thereof and the like.

[0097] Furthermore, ultrafine zinc oxide described in JP-A-6-329830, inorganic compounds described in JP-A-7-278164 and the like can also be used as an acid-binding metal salt.

[0098] When an acid-binding metal salt is used, the amount thereof is preferably about 0.01 - 25 parts by weight perlOO parts by weight of the first chemical composition.

[0099] Examples of the phenolic antioxidant include the following:

[0100] (1) alkylated monophenol

[0101] 2.6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenol, 2,6-di-t-butylphenol, 2-t-butyl-4,6- dimethylphenol, 2,6-dit-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-n-butylphenol, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4- isobutylphenol, 2,6-dicyclopentyl-4-methylphenol, 2-(a-methylcyclohexyl)-4,6-dimethylphenol,

[0102] 2.6-dioctadecyl-4-methylphenol, 2, 4, 6-tri cyclohexylphenol, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4- methoxymethylphenol, 2,6-di-nonyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(l’ -methylundecyl- 1’- yl)phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(l ’ -methylheptadecyl- 1 ’ -yl)phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-( 1 ’ - methyltridecyl- l’-yl)phenol and mixtures thereof.

[0103] (2) alkylthiomethylphenol

[0104] 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-t-butylphenol, 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-methylphenol, 2,4- dioctylthiomethyl-6-ethylphenol, 2,6-didodecylthiomethyl-4-nonylphenol and mixtures thereof. (3) hydroquinone and alkylated hydroquinone

[0105] 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, 2,5-di-t-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-t-amylhydroquinone, 2,6- diphenyl-4-octadecyloxyphenol, 2,6-di-t-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl stearate, bis(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)adipate and mixtures thereof.

[0106] (4) tocopherol a-tocopherol, P-tocopherol, y-tocopherol, 5-tocopherol and mixtures thereof.

[0107] (5) hydroxylated thiodiphenylether

[0108] 2,2’-thiobis(6-t-butylphenol), 2,2’-thiobis(4-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 2,2’-thiobis(4- octylphenol), 4,4’-thiobis(3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 4,4’-thiobis(2-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 4,4’-thiobis(3,6-di-t-amylphenol), 4,4’-(2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) disulfide.

[0109] (6) alkylidene bisphenol and derivative thereof

[0110] 2,2’-methylene bis(4-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 2,2’ -methylene bis(4-ethyl-6-t-butylphenol), 2,2’ - methylene bis[4-methyl-6-(a-methylcyclohexyl)phenol)], 2,2’ -methylene bis(4-methyl-6- cyclohexylphenol), 2,2’-methylene bis(4-methyl-6-nonylphenol), 2,2’-methylene bis(4,6-di-t- butylphenol), 2,2’-ethylidene bis(4,6-di-t-butylphenol), 2,2’-ethylidene bis(4-isobutyl-6-t- butylphenol), 2,2’ -methylene bis[6-(a-methylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 2,2’-methylene bis[6-(a,a- dimethylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 4,4’ -methylene bis(6-t-butyl-2-methylphenol), 4,4’ -methylene bis(2,6-di-t-butylphenol), 4,4’-butylidene bis(3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 1 , 1 -bis(4- hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane, l,l-bis(5-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)butane, 2,6-bis(3-t- butyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-4-methylphenol, 1 , 1 ,3-tris(5-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-2- methylphenyl)butane, l,l-bis(5-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-3-n-dodecylmercaptobutane, ethylene glycol bis[3,3-bis-3’-t-butyl-4’-hydroxyphenyl)butyrate], bis(3-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-5- methylphenyl)dicyclopentadiene, bis[2-(3’-t-butyl-2’-hydroxy-5’-methylbenzyl)-6-t-butyl-4- methylphenyl]terephthalate, l,l-bis(3,5-dimethyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)butane, 2,2-bis(3,5-di-t- butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, 2,2-bis(5-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-4-n- dodecylmercaptobutane,l,l,5,5-tetra(5-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)pentane, 2-t-butyl-6- (3’ -t-butyl-5 ’-methyl-2’ -hydroxybenzyl )-4-methylphenylacrylate, 2,4-di-t-pentyl-6-[l -(2- hydroxy-3,5-di-t-pentylphenyl)ethyl]phenyl acrylate and mixtures thereof.

[0111] (7) 0-, N- and S-benzyl derivatives

[0112] 3,5,3’,5’-tetra-t-butyl-4,4’-dihydroxydibenzyl ether, octadecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5- dimethylbenzylmercaptoacetate, tris(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)amine, bis(4-t-butyl-3- hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)dithioterephthalate, bis(3,5-di-tbutyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)sulfide, isooctyl-3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmercaptoacetate and mixtures thereof.

[0113] (8) hydroxybenzylated malonate derivative dioctadecyl-2, 2-bis(3,5-di-t-butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)mal onate, dioctadecyl-2-(3-t-butyl-4- hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)malonate, didodecylmercaptoethyl-2,2-bis(3,5-di-t-butyl-4- hydroxybenzyl)mal onate, bis[4-(l,l,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]-2,2-bis(3,5-di-t-butyl-4- hydroxybenzyl)malonate and mixtures thereof.

[0114] (9) aromatic hydroxybenzyl derivative l,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene, 1 ,4-bis(3,5-di-t-butyl-4- hydroxybenzyl)-2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)phenol and mixtures thereof.

[0115] (10) triazine derivative

[0116] 2,4-bis(n-octylthio)-6-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylanilino)-l,3,5-triazine, 2-n-octylthio-4,6-bis(4- hydroxy-3,5-di-tbutylanilino)-l,3,5-triazine, 2-n-octylthio-4,6-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t- butylphenoxy)-l,3,5-triazine, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-phenoxy)-l,3,5-triazine, tris(4-t-butyl-3- hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)isocyanurate, tris(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylethyl)-l,3,5-triazine, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-t- butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropyl)-l,3,5-triazine, tris(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4- hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate, tris[2-(3’, 5’ -di-t-butyl-4’ -hydroxy cinnamoyloxy) ethyl]isocyanurate and mixtures thereof. (11) benzylphosphonate derivative dimethyl-3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, diethyl-3, 5-di-t-butyl-4- hydroxybenzylphosphonate, di octadecyl-3, 5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, dioctadecyl-5-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylbenzylphosphonate, calcium salt of 3,5-di-t-butyl-4- hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid monoester and mixtures thereof.

[0117] (12) acylaminophenol derivative

[0118] 4-hydroxylauryl anilide, 4-hydroxystearic anilide, octyl-N-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4- hydroxyphenyl)carbamate and mixtures thereof.

[0119] (13) ester of P-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid and the following monovalent or polyvalent alcohol methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, ethylene glycol, 1,3 -propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6- hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, neopentyl glycol, diethylene glycol, thioethylene glycol, spiroglycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N’- bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-l-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2,2,2]octane and mixtures thereof.

[0120] (14) ester of P-(5-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propionic acid and the following monovalent or polyvalent alcohol methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, ethylene glycol, 1,3 -propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6- hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, neopentyl glycol, diethylene glycol, thioethylene glycol, spiroglycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N’- bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-l-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2,2,2]octane and mixtures thereof. (15) ester of P-(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid and the following monovalent or polyvalent alcohol methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, ethylene glycol, 1,3 -propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6- hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, neopentyl glycol, diethylene glycol, thioethylene glycol, spiroglycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N’- bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3 -thiaundecanol, 3 -thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethyl olpropane,4-hydroxymethyl-l-phospha-2, 6, 7-trioxabicyclo[2, 2, 2]octane and mixtures thereof.

[0121] (16) ester of 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and the following monovalent or polyvalent alcohol methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, ethylene glycol, 1,3 -propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6- hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, neopentyl glycol, diethylene glycol, thioethylene glycol, spiroglycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N’- bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3 -thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-l-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2,2,2]octane and mixtures thereof.

[0122] (17) P-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid amide

[0123] N,N’-bis[3-(3’,5’-di-t-butyl-4’-hydroxyphenyl)propionyl]hydrazine, N,N’-bis[3-(3’,5’-di-t-butyl- 4’-hydroxyphenyl)propionyl]hexamethylenediamine, N,N’-bis[3-(3’,5’-di-t-butyl-4’- hydroxyphenyl)propionyl]trimethylenediamine and mixtures thereof.

[0124] Examples of the sulfur antioxidant include the following: dilauryl 3,3 ’-thiodi propionate, tridecyl 3,3 ’-thiodipropionate, dimyristyl 3,3’-thiodipropionate, distearyl 3,3’-thiodipropionate, lauryl stearyl 3,3 ’-thiodi propionate, neopentanetetrayl tetrakis(3-laurylthiopropionate). Examples of the phosphorus antioxidant include the following: triphenyl phosphite, tris(nonylphenyl) phosphite, tris(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl) phosphite, tris(4-t-pentylphenyl) phosphite, bis (4-t-pentylphenyl)-2,4-di-t-pentylphenylphosphite, bis (2,4-di-t-pentylphenyl)-4- di-t-pentylphenylphosphite, trilauryl phosphite, trioctadecyl phosphite, distearyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, diisodecyl pentaerythritoldiphosphite, bis(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4-di-t-butyl-6-methylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,6-di-t-butyl-4- methylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, tristearyl sorbitol triphosphite, tetrakis(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl)-4,4’-diphenylene diphosphonite, 2,2’ -methylene bis(4,6-di-t-butylphenyl) 2-ethylhexyl phosphite, 2,2’-ethylidene bis(4,6-di-t-butylphenyl) fluoro phosphite, bis(2,4-di-tbutyl-6-methylphenyl) ethyl phosphite, bis(2,4-dit-butyl-6-methylphenyl) methyl phosphite, 2-(2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenyl)-5-ethyl-5-butyl- 1,3,2-oxaphosphorinan, 2,2’,2"-nitrilo [triethyl-tris(3,3’,5,5’-tetra-t-butyl-l,l’-biphenyl-2,2’- diyl) phosphite, and mixtures thereof.

[0125] Examples of the ultraviolet absorber include the following:

[0126] (1) salicylate derivative phenyl salicylate, 4-t-butylphenyl salicylate, 2,4-di-t-butylphenyl 3’,5’-di-t-butyl-4’- hydroxybenzoate, 4-t-octylphenyl salicylate, bis(4-t-butylbenzoyl)resorcinol, benzoylresorcinol, hexadecyl 3 ’,5’ -di -t-butyl-4’ -hydroxybenzoate, octadecyl 3’, 5 ’-di-t-butyl-4’ -hydroxybenzoate, 2-methyl-4,6-di-t-butylphenyl 3 ’,5 ’-di-t-butyl-4’ -hydroxybenzoate and mixtures thereof.

[0127] (2) 2-hydroxybenzophenone and derivative thereof

[0128] 2-hydroxybenzophenone, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2- hydroxy-4-octoxybenzophenone, 2,2’ -dihydroxy -4-methoxybenzophenone, bis(5-benzoyl-4- hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)methane, 2,2’,4,4’-tetrahydroxybenzophenone and mixtures thereof.

[0129] (3) 2-(2’-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole and derivative thereof 2-(2’-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3’,5’-di-t- butyl-2’-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(5’-t-butyl-2’-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2’- hydroxy-5’-t-octylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3-tbutyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-5- chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(3’-s-butyl-2’-hydroxy-5’-t-butylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2’- hydroxy-4’-octyloxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3’,5’-di-t-amyl-2’-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-[2’-hydroxy-3’,5’-bis(a,a-dimethylbenzyl)phenyl]-2H-benzotriazole, 2-[(3’-t-butyl-2’- hydroxyphenyl)-5’-(2-octyloxycarbonylethyl)phenyl]-5-chlorobenzotri azole, 2-[3’-t-butyl-5’-[2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)carbonylethyl]-2’-hydroxyphenyl]-5-chlorobenzotri azole, 2-[3’-tbutyl-2’-hydroxy-5’-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl]-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-[3’-t- butyl-2’ -hydroxy-5 ’ -(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl]benzotriazole, 2- [3 ’ -t-butyl-2’ -hydroxy-5- (2-octyloxycarbonylethyl)phenyl]benzotriazole, 2-[3’-t-butyl-2’-hydroxy-5’-[2-(2- ethylhexyloxy)carbonylethyl]phenyl]benzotriazole, 2-[2-hy droxy-3-(3, 4,5,6- tetrahydrophthalimidomethyl)-5-methylphenyl]benzotriazole, 2-(3,5-di-t-butyl-2- hydroxyphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, mixture of 2-(3’-dodecyl-2’-hydroxy-5’- methylphenyl)benzotriazole and 2-[3’-t-butyl-2’-hydroxy-5’-(2- isooctyloxycarbonylethyl)phenyl]benzotriazole, 2,2’ -methylene bis[6-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4- (l,l,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol, 2,2’ -methylene bis[4-t-butyl-6-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)phenol], condensate of poly(3-l l)(ethylene glycol) and 2-[3’-t-butyl-2’-hydroxy-5’-(2- m ethoxy carbonylethyl)phenyl]benzotriazole, condensate of poly(3-l l)(ethylene glycol) and methyl 3-[3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl]propionate, 2-ethylhexyl 3-[3-t- butyl-5-(5-chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]propionate, octyl 3-[3-t-butyl-5-(5- chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]propionate, methyl 3-[3-t-butyl-5-(5-chloro- 2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]propionate, 3-[3-t-butyl-5-(5-chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2- yl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]propionic acid and mixtures thereof.

[0130] Examples of the light stabilizer include the following:

[0131] (1) hindered amine light stabilizer bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate, bis((2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) succinate, bis(l,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate, bis(N-octoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate, bis(N-benzyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate, bis(N-cyclohexyloxy-

[0132] 2.2.6.6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate, bis(l,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) 2-(3,5-di-t- butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2-butylmal onate, bis(l-acroyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) 2,2- bis(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2-butylmal onate, bis(l,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl decanedioate, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl methacrylate, 4-[3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4- hydroxyphenyl)propionyloxy]-l-[2-(3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionyloxy) ethyl]-2,2, 6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 2-methyl-2-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)amino-N- (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)propionamide, tetrakis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) 1, 2,3,4- butanetetracarboxylate, tetrakis(l,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) 1, 2,3,4- butanetetracarb oxy late, mixed ester of 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid, 1, 2, 2,6,6- pentamethyl-4-piperidinol and 1-tridecanol, mixed ester of 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid,

[0133] 2.2.6.6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol and 1-tridecanol, mixed ester of 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid, l,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidinol and 3,9-bis(2-hydroxy-l,l-dimethylethyl)-2,4,8,10- tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane, mixed ester of 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid,

[0134] 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol and 3,9-bis(2-hydroxy-l,l-dimethylethyl)-2,4,8,10- tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane, poly condensate of dimethyl succinate and l-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4- hydroxy -2, 2, 6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, poly[(6-morpholino-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl) ((2, 2,6,6- tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)imino)hexamethylene((2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)imino)], poly[(6- (l,l,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)imino-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl((2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4- piperidyl)imino)hexamethylene((2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)imino)], poly condensate of N,N’-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine and 1,2-dibromoethane, N,N’,4,7-tetrakis[4,6-bis(N-butyl-N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)amino)-l,3,5- triazin-2-yl]-4,7-diazadecane-l,10 diamine, N,N’,4-tris[4,6-bis(N-butyl-N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl- 4-piperidyl)amino)-l,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-4,7-diazadecane-l,10-diamine, N,N’,4,7-tetrakis[4,6- bis(N-butyl-N-(l,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)amino)-l,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-4,7-diazadecane- 1,10-diamine, N,N’,4-tris[4,6-bis(N-butyl-N-(l,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) amino)-l,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-4,7-diazadecane-l,10-diamine and mixtures thereof.

[0135] (2) acrylate light stabilizer ethyl a-cyano-P,P-diphenylacrylate, isooctyl a-cyano-P,P-diphenylacrylate, methyl a- carbomethoxycinnamate, methyl a-cyano-P-methyl-p-methoxycinnamate, butyl a-cyano-P- methyl-p-methoxycinnamate, methyl a-carbomethoxy-p-methoxycinnamate and N-(P- carbomethoxy-p-cyanovinyl)-2-methylindoline and mixtures thereof.

[0136] (3) nickel light stabilizer nickel complex of 2,2’-thiobis-[4-(l,l,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol], nickel dibutyldithiocarbamate, nickel salt of monoalkylester, nickel complex of ketoxime and mixtures thereof.

[0137] (4) oxamide light stabilizer

[0138] 4,4’-dioctyloxyoxanilide, 2,2’ -di ethoxy oxanilide, 2,2’-dioctyloxy-5,5’-di-t-butylanilide, 2,2’- didodecyloxy-5,5’-dit-butylanilide, 2-ethoxy-2’-ethyloxanilide, N,N’-bis(3- dimethylaminopropyl)oxamide, 2-ethoxy-5-t-butyl-2’-ethoxyanilide, 2-ethoxy-5,4’-di-t-butyl-2’- ethyloxanilide and mixtures thereof.

[0139] (5) 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-l,3,5-triazine light stabilizer

[0140] 2,4,6-tris(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-l,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-4,6- bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-l,3,5-triazine, 2-[2,4-dihydroxyphenyl-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl]- 1,3, 5 -tri azine, 2,4-bis(2-hydroxy-4-propyloxyphenyl)-6-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-l,3,5-triazine, 2- (2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(4-methylphenyl)-l,3,5-triazine,

[0141] 2-(2-hydroxy-4-dodecyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-l,3,5-triazine, 2-[2-hydroxy-4- (2-hydroxy-3-butyloxypropoxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-l,3,5-triazine, 2-[2- hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-octyloxypropoxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethyl phenyl)- 1, 3, 5-triazine and mixtures thereof.

[0142] Examples of the metal deactivator include the following: N,N’-diphenyl oxamide, N-salicylal-N’-salicyloylhydrazine, N,N’-bis(salicyloyl)hydrazine, N,N’-bis(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hydrazine, 3-salicyloylamino-l,2,4-triazole, bis(benzylidene)oxalyl dihydrazide, oxanilide, isophthaloyl dihydrazide, sebacoyl bisphenyl hydrazide, N,N’-bis(salicyloyl)oxalyl dihydrazide, N,N’-bis(salicyloyl)thiopropionyl dihydrazide and mixtures thereof.

[0143] Examples of the peroxide scavenger include the following: ester of P-thiodipropionic acid, mercaptobenzoimidazole, zinc salt of 2-mercaptobenzoimidazole, zinc salt of dibutyldithiocarbamic acid, dioctadecyl disulfide, pentaerythritol tetrakis(P- dodecylmercapto)propionate and mixtures thereof.

[0144] Examples of the polyamide stabilizer include copper or divalent manganese salt of iodide or phosphorous compound and mixtures thereof.

[0145] Examples of the hydroxyamine include the following:

[0146] N,N-dibenzylhydroxyamine, N,N-diethylhydroxyamine, N,N-dioctylhydroxyamine, N,N- dilaurylhydroxyamine, N,N-ditetradecylhydroxyamine, N,N-dihexadecylhydroxyamine, N,N- di octadecylhydroxyamine, N-hexadecyl-N-octadecylhydroxyamine, N-heptadecyl-N-octadecylhydroxyamine and mixtures thereof.

[0147] Examples of the neutralizing agent include the following: calcium stearate, zinc stearate, magnesium stearate, hydrotalcite (basic magnesium*aluminum*hydroxycarbonate* hydrate), melamine, amine, polyamide, polyurethane and mixtures thereof.

[0148] Examples of the lubricant include the following: aliphatic hydrocarbons such as paraffin, wax and the like, C8-22 higher fatty acid, C8-22 higher fatty acid metal (Al, Ca, Mg, Zn) salt, C8-22 aliphatic alcohol, polyglycol, ester of C4-22 higher fatty acid and C4-18 monovalent aliphatic alcohol, C8-22 higher aliphatic amide, silicone oil, rosin derivative.

[0149] Examples of the nucleating agent include the following: sodium 2,2’ -methylene bis(4,6-di-t-butylphenyl)phosphate, dihydrooxyaluminum [phosphate- 2,2’-methylene bis(4,6-dit-butylphenyl)], hydrooxyaluminum bis[phosphate-2,2’-methylene bis(4,6-di-t-butylphenyl)], aluminum tris[phosphate-2, 2’ -methylene bis(4,6-di-t-butylphenyl)], sodium bis(4-t-butylphenyl)phosphate, metal benzoate such as sodium benzoate and the like, aluminum p-t-butylbenzoate, l,3:2,4-bis(O-benzylidene)sorbitol, l,3:2,4-bis(O- methylbenzylidene)sorbitol, l,3:2,4-bis(O-ethylbenzylidene)sorbitol, 1, 3-0-3, 4- dimethylbenzylidene-2,4-O-benzylidenesorbitol, l,3-O-benzylidene-2,4-O-3,4- dimethylbenzylidenesorbitol, 1,3 :2,4-bis(O-3,4-dimethylbenzylidene)sorbitol, 1,3-0-p- chlorobenzyli dene-2, 4-0-3, 4-dimethylbenzylidenesorbitol, l,3-O-3,4-dimethylbenzylidene-2,4- O-p-chlorobenzylidenesorbitol, l,3:2,4-bis(O-p-chlorobenzylidene)sorbitol and mixtures thereof.

[0150] Examples of the fillers include the following: calcium carbonate, silicate, glass fiber, asbestos, talc, kaolin, mica, barium sulfate, carbon black, carbon fiber, zeolite, and mixtures thereof.

[0151] In compositional embodiments, the following are useful: phenolic antioxidant, phosphorus antioxidant, ultraviolet absorber, hindered amine light stabilizer, peroxide scavenger, and neutralizing agent.

[0152] Useful phenolic antioxidants include the following, and any of them may be used alone or in combination.

[0153] 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenol, 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-methylphenol, 2,2’-thiobis(6-tbutylphenol), 4,4’-thiobis(3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 2,2’ -methylene bis(4- methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 2,2’ -methylene bis(4-ethyl-6-t-butylphenol), 2,2 ’-methylene bis[4- methyl-6-(a-methylcyclohexyl)phenol)], 2,2’ -methylene bis(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol), 2,2’-methylene bis(4,6-di-t-butylphenol), 2,2’-ethylidene bis(4,6-di-t-butylphenol), 4,4’- methylene bis(6-t-butyl-2-methylphenol), 4,4’-methylene bis(2,6-di-t-butylphenol), 4,4’- butylidene bis(3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), l,l-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane, l,l-bis(5-t- butyl-4-hy droxy-2-methylphenyl)butane, 1 , 1 , 3 -tri s(5 -t-butyl -4-hy droxy-2- methylphenyl)butane, ethylene glycol bis[3,3-bis-3’-t-butyl-4’-hydroxyphenyl)butyrate], 2-t- butyl-6-(3’-t-butyl-5’-methyl-2’-hydroxybenzyl)-4-methylphenyl acrylate, 2,4-di-t-pentyl-6-[l- (2-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-pentylphenyl)ethyl]phenyl acrylate, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-phenoxy)-

[0154] 1.3.5-triazine, tris(4-t-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)isocyanurate, bis(3,5-di-tbutyl- 4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate, tris[2-(3’,5’-di-t-butyl-4’- hydroxycinnamoyloxy)ethyl]isocyanurate, diethyl-3,5-di-tbutyl-

[0155] 4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, di-n-octadecyl-3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, calcium salt of 3,5-di-tbutyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid monoester, n-octadecyl 3-(3,5-di- t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, neopentanetetrayl tetrakis(3,5-di-t-butyl-4- hydroxycinnamate), thiodi ethylene bis(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxycinnamate), 1,3,5-trimethyl-

[0156] 2.4.6-tris(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene, 3,6-dioxaoctamethylene bi s(3, 5 -di -t-butyl -4- hydroxycinnamate), hexamethylene bis(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxycinnamate), triethylene glycol bi s(5 -t-tyl-4-hy droxy-3 -methyl cinnamate), 3 , 9-bi s [2-(3 -(3 -t-butyl -4-hy droxy-5 - methylphenyl)propionyloxy)-l,l-dimethylethyl]-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[

[0157] 5.5]undecane, N,N’-bis[3-(3’,5’-di-t-butyl-4’-hydroxyphenyl)propionyl]hydrazine, N,N’-bis[3- (3’,5’-di-t-butyl-4’-hydroxyphenyl)propionyl]hexamethylenediamine.

[0158] Useful phosphorus antioxidants include the following, and any of them may be used alone or in combination. distearyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4-di-t-butyl-6-methylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,6-di-t-butyl-4- methylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, tetrakis(2,4-dit-butylphenyl)-4, 4’ -diphenylene diphosphonite, 2,2’ -methylene bis(4,6-di-t-butylphenyl) 2-ethylhexyl phosphite, 2,2’ - ethylidene bis(4,6-di-t-butylphenyl) fluoro phosphite, bis(2,4-di-t-butyl-6-methylphenyl) ethyl phosphite, 2-(2,4,6-tri-tbutylphenyl)-5-ethyl-5-butyl-l,3,2-oxaphosphorinan, 2, 2’, 2"- nitrilo[triethyl-tris(3,3’,5,5’-tetra-t-butyl-l,r-biphenyl-2,2’-diyl) phosphite. Useful ultraviolet absorbers include the following, and any of them may be used alone or in combination. phenyl salicylate, 4-t-butylphenyl salicylate, 2,4-di-t-butylphenyl 3’,5’-di-t-butyl-4’- hydroxybenzoate, 4-t-octylphenyl salicylate, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4- methoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-octoxybenzophenone, 2,2’-dihydroxy-4- methoxybenzophenone, bis(5-benzoyl-4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)methane, 2,2’ ,4,4’ - tetrahydroxybenzophenone, 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3’,5’-di-t-butyl-2’- hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(5’-t-butyl-2’-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2’-hydroxy-5’-t- octylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3-t-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2- (3’-s-butyl-2’-hydroxy-5’-t-butylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2’ -hydroxy-4 ’-octyl oxyphenyl) benzotri azole, 2-(3 ’,5 ’-di-t-amyl-2’ -hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-[2’ -hydroxy-3 ’,5 ’ -bis(a,a- dimethylbenzyl)phenyl]-2H-benzotri azole.

[0159] Useful light stabilizers include the following, and any of them may be used alone or in combination. bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate, bis(l,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate, bis(N-octoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate, bis(N-benzyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4- piperidyl) sebacate, bis(N-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate, bis(l,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) 2-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2-butylmalonate, bis(l-acroyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) 2,2-bis(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2- butylmalonate, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) succinate, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl methacrylate, 4-[3-(3,5-di-tbutyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionyloxy]-l-[2-(3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4- hydroxyphenyl)propionyloxy)ethyl]-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 2-methyl-2-(2,2,6,6- tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)amino-N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)propionamide, tetrakis(

[0160] 2.2.6.6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate, tetrakis(l,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4- piperidyl) 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate, mixed ester of 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid,

[0161] 1.2.2.6.6-pentamethyl-4-piperidinol and 1-tridecanol, mixed ester of 1,2,3,4-utanetetracarboxylic acid, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol and 1-tridecanol, mixed ester of 1,2, 3, 4- butanetetracarboxylic acid, l,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidinol and 3,9-bis(2-hydroxy-l,l- dimethylethyl)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane, mixed ester of 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol and 3,9-bis(2-hydroxy-l,l-dimethylethyl)-2,4,8,10- tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane, poly condensate of dimethyl succinate and l-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4- hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, poly[(6-morpholino-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)

[0162] ((2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)imino)hexamethylene((2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)imino)], poly[(6-(l,l,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl) ((2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4- piperidyl)imino)hexamethylene((2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)imino)].

[0163] COMPOUNDING COMPOSITIONAL EMBODIMENTS

[0164] Compounding the compositional embodiments can be achieved using any known compounding method, and persons of ordinary skill in the art will be able to determine useful compounding methods without having to exercise undue experimentation.

[0165] ARTICLES OF MANUFACTURE

[0166] Compositional embodiments can be used to manufacture articles that are known to be manufactured from thermoplastics using known extrusion and molding technologies. Nonlimiting examples of known articles that can be manufactured using the compositional embodiments include: i. bags manufactured using mono-layer or multi-layer polymeric films, e.g., garbage bags, retail merchandise bags, grocery bags, shipping bags, sandwich bags, standup pouches, stand-up bags, and freezer- storage bags, metallized bags; ii. mono-layer or multi-layer films including agricultural films, geomembrane films, industrial packaging films, stretch-wrap films, shrink-wrap films, food-packaging films, machine-direction-oriented films, biaxially-oriented films; iii. pipes, containers, buckets, milk jugs, fluid containers, food containers, fuel containers, industrial totes, drum containers; and iv. plastic fibers, computer parts, television parts, audio-technology parts, household articles, office articles, automotive parts, aviation parts, boating parts, articles used in sports and fitness, and parts used in rail transportation.

[0167] PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

[0168] Yellowness Index (YI) testing can be used to assess a compositional embodiment’s stability during extrusion processing. Very generally, a polymer composition’s degree of degradation resulting from extrusion processing can be assessed as a function of a relative change in the polymer composition’s YI coloration, i.e., the polymer composition’s YI coloration A. A polymeric composition’s extrusion-processing YI coloration A can be understood as:

[0169] Extrusion-processing YI coloration A = [YI coloration after being subjected to extrusion processing conditions] - [YI coloration before being subjected to extrusion-processing conditions]

[0170] When YI is being tested using any conventional spectrophotometer, and after being subjected to extrusion-processing conditions as described in the below examples, compositional embodiments have an extrusion-processing YI coloration A (after being subjected to extrusion-processing conditions) ranging from -5 YI to 10 YI. Other compositional embodiments have an extrusionprocessing YI coloration A ranging from -3 YI to 1 YI. Still other compositional embodiments have an extrusion-processing YI coloration A ranging from -3 YI to 0 YI.

[0171] A compositional embodiment’s NOx discoloration resistance can also be assessed based upon a YI coloration A. Very generally, the NOx-discoloration-resistance YI coloration A assessment is conducted by:

[0172] 1) performing a first YLvalue determination on a polymer plaque molded from a compositional embodiment,

[0173] 2) exposing the polymer plaque to NOx gases for 14 days,

[0174] 3) performing a second YLvalue determination on the NOx-exposed polymer plaque, and

[0175] 4) calculating a YI coloration A.

[0176] NOx-discoloration-resistance YI coloration A can be understood as: NOx-discoloration-resistance YI coloration A = [YI coloration after being subjected to NOx gas conditions] - [YI coloration before being subjected to NOx gas conditions]

[0177] Very generally, a compositional embodiment having a relatively smaller NOx-discoloration- resistance YI coloration A has better NOx discoloration resistance than another compositional embodiment having a relatively greater NOx-discoloration-resistance YI coloration A.

[0178] When tested as described in the below examples, compositional embodiments have a NOx- discoloration-resistance YI coloration A ranging from 0 YI to 7 YI. Other compositional embodiments have a NOx-discoloration-resistance YI coloration A ranging from 1 YI to 7 YI. Still other compositional embodiments have a NOx-discoloration-resistance YI coloration A ranging from 5.1 YI to 7 YI.

[0179] Melt Flow Rate (MFR) testing can also be used to assess a compositional embodiment’s extrusion-processing stability. A change in MFR, i.e., an extrusion-processing A MFR, as a result of extrusion processing typically indicates that a polymer is degrading by crosslinking (thereby causing a relative decrease in MFR) or by chain scissioning (thereby causing a relative increase in MFR). It is generally desirable for a compositional embodiment to maintain a MFR close to its starting MFR (i.e., a relatively small A MFR) during or after extrusion processing so that it has limited extrusion-processing degradation and substantially maintains its original physical properties. Generally, MFR testing may be performed according to industry standard testing protocols such as JIS K7210-1 : 2014 or ASTM D1238. In MFR test methods, a polymer composition is extruded through a small die at a defined temperature and under a defined load or weight. The time it takes for an amount of the polymer composition to be extruded is measured allowing for MFR to be calculated in units of weight per time, e g., g / 10 min.

[0180] As a non-limiting example, if compositional embodiments are manufactured with a LLDPE resin and the compositional embodiments have a 2 g / 10 min MFR, the compositional embodiments are subjected to extrusion-processing conditions as described in the below examples, and then, after being subjected to these extrusion-processing conditions, the extrusion-processed compositional embodiments are MFR tested to assess extrusion-processing stability. In other words, the extrusion-processed compositional embodiments are MFR tested to determine the extrusionprocessing A MFR and thereby assess a degree of compositional degradation as a result of being subjected to the extrusion-processing conditions. In embodiments, the extrusion-processed compositions have a melt index ranging from 0.7 g / 10 min to 2 g / 10 min; this equates to a % extrusion-processing A MFR, i.e.,

[0181] % extrusion-processing A MFR = {[original melt flow rate] - [extrusion-processed melt flow rate]} / [original melt flow rate] x 100% ranging from 65% to 0%. In other embodiments, the extrusion-processed compositions have a melt index ranging from 0.7 g / 10 min to 1.55 g / 10 min; this equates to a % extrusion-processing A MFR ranging from 65% to 22.5%. In still other embodiments, the extrusion-processed compositions have a melt index ranging from 0.7 g / 10 min to 1.19 g / 10 min; this equates to a % extrusion-processing A MFR ranging from 65% to 41%. In still other embodiments, the extrusion-processed compositions have a % extrusion -processing A MFR value of less than 65% for polymers that degrade by crosslinking.

[0182] As an additional non-limiting example, if compositional embodiments are manufactured with a PP resin and the compositional embodiment have an 18 g / 10 min MFR, after the compositional embodiments are subjected to extrusion-processing conditions as described in the below examples, the extrusion-processed compositions have a melt index ranging from 81 g / 10 min to 18 g / 10 min; this equates to a % extrusion-processing A MFR ranging from 350% to 0%. In other embodiments, the extrusion-processed compositions have a melt index ranging from 66 g / 10 min to 18 g / 10 min; this equates to a % extrusion-processing A MFR ranging from 266% to 0%. In still other embodiments, the extrusion-processed compositions have a melt index ranging from 51 g / 10 min to 39 g / 10 min; this equates to a % extrusion-processing A MFR ranging from 183% to 117%. In still other embodiments, the extrusion-processed compositions have a % extrusion-processing A MFR value of less than 350% for polymers that chain scission during degradation.

[0183] Extrusion-processed compositional embodiments can have a % extrusion-processing A MFR value ranging from + / - 65% to 0% for polymers that degrade by crosslinking. In other embodiments, extrusion-processed compositional embodiments can have a % extrusionprocessing A MFR value ranging from + / - 52% to 0% for polymers that degrade by crosslinking. In still other embodiments, extrusion-processed compositional embodiments can have a % extrusion-processing A MFR value ranging from + / - 40% to 0% for polymers that degrade by crosslinking. Extrusion-processed compositional embodiments can have a % extrusion-processing A MFR value ranging from + / - 350% to 0% for polymers that degrade by chain scission. In other embodiments, extrusion-processed compositional embodiments can have a % extrusionprocessing A MFR value ranging from + / - 266% to 0% for polymers that degrade by chain scission. In still other embodiments, extrusion-processed compositional embodiments can have a % extrusion-processing A MFR value ranging from + / - 183% to 0% for polymers that degrade by chain scission.

[0184] EXAMPLES

[0185] The present invention will hereinafter be described in more detail. Parts and % are based on mass unless otherwise particularly stated. Specifically, the following compounds were respectively used in Examples and Comparative Examples.

[0186] Thermoplastic Polymer (A)

[0187] Homo polypropylene (PP) (MFR value: 18 g / 10 minutes, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Corporation, Limited)

[0188] Thermoplastic Polymer (B)

[0189] Linear low density polyethylene resin (LLDPE) (MFR value: 2.0 g / 10 minutes, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Corporation, Limited)

[0190] Compound (1)

[0191] 2,4,8, 10-tetra-t-butyl-6-[3-(3-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-t-butyl-phenyl)propoxy]dibenzo[d,f] [ 1 ,3 ,2]di oxaphosphepin

[0192] (SUM1LIZER® GP, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Corporation, Limited)

[0193] Compound (2)

[0194] Bis (2,4-dicumylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite

[0195] (DOVERPHOS S-9228®, manufactured by Dover Chemical corporation)

[0196] Compound (3) Tris-(2,4 di-tert-butylphenol) phosphite

[0197] Compound (4)

[0198] Pentaerythritol Tetrakis (3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate)

[0199] Compound (5)

[0200] Octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoate

[0201] Processing

[0202] EXAMPLE 1

[0203] 100 parts by mass of Thermoplastic Polymer (A), 0.05 parts by mass of calcium stearate, 0.0250 parts by mass of Compound (1) and 0.0250 parts by mass of Compound (2) in Table 1 were dry blended, and then further kneaded using a 32 mm diameter twin-screw extrusion molding machine (BTN-32, manufactured by Research Laboratory of Plastics Technology Co. Ltd.) under an atmosphere of nitrogen, at 220 °C. and a screw rotation number of 80 rpm to obtain pellets (1-

[0204] 1) as a thermoplastic polymer composition. The obtained pellets (1) were kneaded using a 30 mm diameter single screw extrusion molding machine (VS30-28 type extruder, manufactured by Tanabe Plastics Machinery Co. Ltd.) under an atmosphere of air, at 234 °C. and a screw rotation number of 50 rpm to obtain pellets. Kneading and extrusion molding using the single screw extrusion machine were further repeated five times to obtain pellets (1-2).

[0205] EXAMPLES 2-5, Comparative Examples 1-4

[0206] A thermoplastic polymer composition pellets (2-l)-(5- 1), (I-l)-(IV-l), (2-2)-(5-2) and (I-2)-(IV-

[0207] 2) were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the number of parts of Compounds (1) and Compound (2) in Table 1, were used to obtain the pellets.

[0208] Processing Stability

[0209] MFR values of the obtained pellets ( 1 -2)-(5-2) and (I-2)-(IV-2) were measured at 230 °C. using a load of 21.18 N (2.16 kg), according to the method defined in JIS K7210-1 : 2014, by means of a melt indexer (No. l20-LABOT, manufactured by Yasuda Seiki Seisakusho, Co. Ltd.) to evaluate the processing stability of the polymer composition. The results were shown in Table 1. The processing stability was evaluated with the following criteria. Here, it is known that polypropylene degrades as chain scission progresses by extrusion. This phenomenon can be observed as an increase in MFR value. Therefore, lower MFR value indicates that chain scission of the polypropylene is suppressed and thus the processing stability of the polypropylene is high.

[0210] MFR Under 62 (g / lOmin.) : Good

[0211] MFR 62 (g / lOmin.) or more : Poor

[0212] NOx Discoloration Resistance

[0213] The obtained pellets (1 -l)-(5-l) and (I-l)-(IV-l) were press molded into sheets of 1mm in the thickness by using a press molding machine (PEW-5040, manufactured by Kansai Roll Co. Ltd.). The sheets were cut into sheet samples of 4cm in height and 4cm in width by using a cutting machine (SDL-200, manufactured by Dumbbell Co. Ltd.). The resulting sheet samples were set in a NOx gas test machine (GF-5, manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co. Ltd.) and lOmL of NOx gas prepared in accordance with JIS L 0855 was injected into the NOx gas test machine. YI value before and after 14days of the NOx gas exposure was measured respectively by using a spectrophotometer (CM-3500d, manufactured by Konica Minolta). A difference AYI is shown in Table 1. The NOx discoloration resistance was evaluated with the following criteria.

[0214] Under 1.2 ( A YI): Good

[0215] 1.2 ( A YI) or more : Poor

[0216] Examples 1-5 using the certain ratio of compounds 1 and 2 show a clear performance advantage versus comparative Examples 1-4. Thermoplastic resin A has improved processing stability when measured by MFR and greatly improved NOx stability when measured by AYI. EXAMPLE 6

[0217] 100 parts by mass of Thermoplastic Polymer (A), 0.05 parts by mass of calcium stearate, 0.0330 parts by mass of Compound (1) and 0.0670 parts by mass of Compound (2) in Table 2 were dry blended, and then further kneaded using a 32 mm diameter twin-screw extrusion molding machine (BTN-32, manufactured by Research Laboratory of Plastics Technology Co. Ltd.) under an atmosphere of nitrogen, at 220 °C. and a screw rotation number of 80 rpm to obtain pellets (6- 1) as a thermoplastic polymer composition. The obtained pellets (1) were kneaded using a 30 mm diameter single screw extrusion molding machine (VS30-28 type extruder, manufactured by Tanabe Plastics Machinery Co. Ltd.) under an atmosphere of air, at 280 °C. and a screw rotation number of 50 rpm to obtain pellets. Kneading and extrusion molding using the single screw extrusion machine were further repeated five times to obtain pellets (6-2).

[0218] EXAMPLE 7, Comparative Example 5

[0219] A thermoplastic polymer composition pellets (7-1), (V-l), (7-2), and (V-2) were prepared in the same manner as in Example 6, except that the number of parts of Compounds (1) - (4) in Table 2, were used to obtain the pellets.

[0220] Processing Stability

[0221] MFR values of the obtained pellets (6-2), (7-2) and (V-2) were measured at 230 °C. using a load of 21.18 N (2.16 kg), according to the method defined in JIS K7210-1 : 2014, by means of a melt indexer (No. l20-LABOT, manufactured by Yasuda Seiki Seisakusho, Co. Ltd.) to evaluate the processing stability of the polymer composition. The results were shown in Table 2. The processing stability was evaluated with the following criteria.

[0222] MFR Under 62 (g / lOmin.) : Good

[0223] MFR 62 (g / lOmin.) or more : Poor

[0224] NOx Discoloration Resistance The obtained pellets (6-1), (7-1) and (V-l) were press molded into sheets of 1mm in the thickness by using a press molding machine (PEW-5040, manufactured by Kansai Roll Co. Ltd.). The sheets were cut into sheet samples of 4cm in height and 4cm in width by using a cutting machine (SDL-200, manufactured by Dumbbell Co. Ltd.). The resulting sheet samples were set in a NOx gas test machine (GF-5, manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co. Ltd.) and lOmL of NOx gas prepared in accordance with JIS L 0855 was injected into the NOx gas test machine. YI value before and after 14days of the NOx gas exposure was measured respectively by using a spectrophotometer (CM-3500d, manufactured by Konica Minolta). A difference AYI is shown in Table 2. The NOx discoloration resistance was evaluated with the following criteria.

[0225] Under 4.1 (AYI): Good

[0226] 4.1 (AYI) or more : Poor

[0227] Examples 6-7 using the certain ratio of compounds 1 and 2 show a clear performance advantage versus comparative Examples 5. Thermoplastic resin A has improved processing stability when measured by MFR and greatly improved NOx stability when measured by AYI when stabilized with equal or lower amounts of compound (1) and (2).

[0228] EXAMPLE 8

[0229] 100 parts by mass of Thermoplastic Polymer (B), 0.05 parts by mass of calcium stearate, 0.0500 parts by mass of Compound (1) and 0.0500 parts by mass of Compound (2) in Table 3 were dry blended, and then further kneaded using a 32 mm diameter twin-screw extrusion molding machine (BTN-32, manufactured by Research Laboratory of Plastics Technology Co. Ltd.) under an atmosphere of nitrogen, at 190 °C. and a screw rotation number of 80 rpm to obtain pellets (8- 1) as a thermoplastic polymer composition. The obtained pellets (1) were kneaded using a 30 mm diameter single screw extrusion molding machine (VS30-28 type extruder, manufactured by Tanabe Plastics Machinery Co. Ltd.) under an atmosphere of air, at 280 °C. and a screw rotation number of 50 rpm to obtain pellets. Kneading and extrusion molding using the single screw extrusion machine were further repeated five times to obtain pellets (8-2).

[0230] EXAMPLES 9-10, Comparative Examples 6-7

[0231] A thermoplastic polymer composition pellets (9-1 )-(l 0- 1 ), (VI-l)-(VII-l), (9-2)-(10-2) and (VI- 2)-(VII-2) were prepared in the same manner as in Example 8, except that the number of parts of Compounds (l)-(5) in Table 3 were used to obtain the pellets.

[0232] Processing Stability

[0233] MFR values of the obtained pellets (8-2)-(10-2) and (VI-2)-(VII-2) were measured at 190 °C. using a load of 21.18 N (2.16 kg), according to the method defined in JIS K7210-1 : 2014, by means of a melt indexer (No, 120-LABOT, manufactured by Yasuda Seiki Seisakusho, Co. Ltd.) to evaluate the processing stability of the polymer composition. The results were shown in Table 3. The processing stability was evaluated with the following criteria. Here, it is known that polyethylene degrades as crosslinking progresses by extrusion. This phenomenon can be observed as a decrease in MFR value. Therefore, higher MFR value indicates that crosslinking of the polyethylene is suppressed and thus the processing stability of the polyethylene is high.

[0234] MFR under 1.1 (g / lOmin.) : Poor

[0235] MFR 1.1 (g / lOmin.) or more: Good

[0236] NOx Discoloration Resistance

[0237] The obtained pellets (8- 1)-(10- 1) and (VI-l)-(VII-l) were press molded into sheets of 1mm in the thickness by using a press molding machine (PEW-5040, manufactured by Kansai Roll Co. Ltd.). The sheets were cut into sheet samples of 4cm in height and 4cm in width by using a cutting machine (SDL-200, manufactured by Dumbbell Co. Ltd.). The resulting sheet samples were set in a NOx gas test machine (GF-5, manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co. Ltd.) and lOmL of NOx gas prepared in accordance with JIS L 0855 was injected into the NOx gas test machine. YI value before and after 14days of the NOx gas exposure was measured respectively by using a spectrophotometer (CM-3500d, manufactured by Konica Minolta). A difference AYI is shown in Table 3. The NOx discoloration resistance was evaluated with the following criteria.

[0238] Under 12 (AYI): Good

[0239] 12 (AYI) or more : Poor

[0240] Examples 8-10 using the certain ratio of compounds (1) and (2) show a clear performance advantage versus comparative Examples 6 and 7. Thermoplastic resin B has improved processing stability when measured by MFR and greatly improved NOx stability when measured by AYI even when stabilized with equal or lower amounts of compound (1) and (2).

Claims

CLAIMS1. A composition comprising: a thermoplastic; a first chemical compound having the structure:wherein, each R1, R2, R4, and R5is independently selected and is a hydrogen atom, a Ci-8 alkyl moiety, a C5-8 cycloalkyl moiety, a C6-12 alkylcycloalkyl moiety, a C7-12 arylalkyl moiety, or a Ce-14 aryl moiety; each R3is independently selected and is a hydrogen atom or a C1-8 alkyl moiety;X is a single bond, a sulfur atom, or a CHR6moiety, wherein R6is a hydrogen atom, a C1-8 alkyl moiety, or a C5-8 cycloalkyl moiety;A is a C2-8 alkylene moiety or an *COR7moiety, wherein R7is a single bond or a C1-8 alkylene moiety, and wherein the character is used to confirm the positional understanding that the “C” atom in the “*COR7moiety” is bonded to the adjacent “O” atom shown in the main structure; and one of Y and Z is a hydroxy moiety, a C1-8 alkoxy moiety or a C7-12 arylalkyloxy moiety, and the other is a hydrogen atom or a C1-8 alkyl moiety, and a second chemical compound having the structure:wherein, each R is independently selected and is a C1-C20 alkyl moiety, a C6-C20 aryl moiety, C6-C20 alkylaryl moiety, a methyl moiety, a tertiary butyl moiety, a cumyl moiety, or a hydrogen atom.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the first chemical compound is: 2,4,8,10-tetra-t-butyl-6- [3-(3-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-t-butyl-phenyl)propoxy]dibenzo[d,f] [1, 3, 2]di oxaphosphepin.

3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the second chemical compound is: bis (2,4- dicumylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphate.

4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the first chemical compound is present in an amount ranging from 0.01 parts by weight to 0.2 parts by weight.

5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the second chemical compound is present in an amount ranging from 0.01 parts by weight to 0.2 parts by weight.

6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition has a NOx discoloration resistance AYI value of less than 8 AYI.

7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition has improved NOx discoloration resistance relative to a separate composition having an otherwise identical formulation except that the separate composition includes a hindered phenolic antioxidant in place of the first and second chemical compounds.

8. The composition of claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic is linear low-density polyethylene, the composition has a melt flow rate of about 2 g / 10 minute, and the composition has a % extrusionprocessing A MFR value of less than 65%.

9. The composition of claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic is polypropylene, the composition has a melt flow rate of about 18 g / 10 minute, and the composition has a % extrusion-processing A MFR value of less than 300%.

10. The composition of claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic is a linear low-density polyethylene.

11. The composition of claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic is high density polyethylene.

12. The composition of claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic is polypropylene.

13. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition does not include a hindered phenolic compound.

14. An article of manufacture comprising the composition of claim 1.

15. An article of manufacture comprising the composition of claim 13.

16. The article of manufacture of claim 14, wherein the article of manufacture is a film.

17. The article of manufacture of claim 14, wherein the article of manufacture is a molded article.

18. The article of manufacture of claim 15, wherein the article of manufacture is a film.

19. The article of manufacture of claim 15, wherein the article of manufacture is a molded article.

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