Well operations system

Abstract

A method can include receiving queries for a well work program; responsive to the queries, retrieving data from a database to populate a well work program template; generating a graphical user interface based on the populated well work program template; and, responsive to interactions with the graphical user interface, generating a well work program file that specifies actions to perform the well work program.

Description

WELL OPERATIONS SYSTEMRELATED APPLICATION

[0001] This application claims priority to and the benefit of a U.S. Provisional Application having Serial No. 63 / 562,010, filed 6 March 2024, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.BACKGROUND

[0002] A resource field may be an accumulation, pool or group of pools of one or more resources (e.g., oil, gas, oil and gas) in a subsurface environment. A resource field may include at least one reservoir. A reservoir may be shaped in a manner that may trap hydrocarbons and may be covered by an impermeable or sealing rock. A bore may be drilled into an environment where the bore may be utilized to form a well that may be utilized in producing hydrocarbons from a reservoir.

[0003] A rig may be a system of components that may be operated to form a bore in an environment, to transport equipment into and out of a bore in an environment, etc. As an example, a rig may include a system that may be used to drill a bore and to acquire information about an environment, about drilling, etc. A resource field may be an onshore field, an offshore field or an on- and offshore field. A rig may include components for performing operations onshore and / or offshore. A rig may be, for example, vessel-based, offshore platform-based, onshore, etc.

[0004] Field planning may occur over one or more phases, which may include an exploration phase that aims to identify and assess an environment (e.g., a prospect, a play, etc.), which may include drilling of one or more bores (e.g., one or more exploratory wells, etc.). Other phases may include appraisal, development and production phases.SUMMARY

[0005] A method can include receiving queries for a well work program; responsive to the queries, retrieving data from a database to populate a well work program template; generating a graphical user interface based on the populated well work program template; and, responsive to interactions with the graphical user interface, generating a well work program file that specifies actions to perform the wellwork program. A system can include a processor; a memory accessible by the processor; processor-executable instructions stored in the memory and executable to instruct the system to: receive queries for a well work program; responsive to the queries, retrieve data from a database to populate a well work program template; generate a graphical user interface based on the populated well work program template; and, responsive to interactions with the graphical user interface, generate a well work program file that specifies actions to perform the well work program. One or more computer-readable storage media can include processor-executable instructions to instruct a computing system to: receive queries for a well work program; responsive to the queries, retrieve data from a database to populate a well work program template; generate a graphical user interface based on the populated well work program template; and, responsive to interactions with the graphical user interface, generate a well work program file that specifies actions to perform the well work program. Various other apparatuses, systems, methods, etc., are also disclosed.

[0006] This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in limiting the scope of the claimed subject matter.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] Features and advantages of the described implementations may be more readily understood by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0008] FIG. 1 illustrates examples of equipment in a geologic environment;

[0009] FIG. 2 illustrates examples of equipment and examples of hole types;

[0010] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a system and examples of equipment;

[0011] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a method and examples of equipment;

[0012] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a system;

[0013] FIG. 6 illustrates examples of source documentation;

[0014] FIG. 7 illustrates examples of graphical user interfaces;

[0015] FIG. 8 illustrates examples of graphical user interfaces;

[0016] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a system;

[0017] FIG. 10 illustrates examples of a workflow, workflow processes, a database and a graphical user interface;

[0018] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a method and an example of a system; and

[0019] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of computing system.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following description includes the best mode presently contemplated for practicing the described implementations. This description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, but rather is made merely for the purpose of describing the general principles of the implementations. The scope of the described implementations should be ascertained with reference to the issued claims.

[0021] FIG. 1 shows an example of a geologic environment 120. In FIG. 1 , the geologic environment 120 may be a sedimentary basin that includes layers (e.g., stratification) that include a reservoir 121 and that may be, for example, intersected by a fault 123 (e.g., or faults). As an example, the geologic environment 120 may be outfitted with a variety of sensors, detectors, actuators, etc. For example, equipment 122 may include communication circuitry to receive and to transmit information with respect to one or more networks 125. Such information may include information associated with downhole equipment 124, which may be equipment to acquire information, to assist with resource recovery, etc. Other equipment 126 may be located remote from a well site and include sensing, detecting, emitting or other circuitry. Such equipment may include storage and communication circuitry to store and to communicate data, instructions, etc. As an example, one or more pieces of equipment may provide for measurement, collection, communication, storage, analysis, etc. of data (e.g., for one or more produced resources, etc.). As an example, one or more satellites may be provided for purposes of communications, data acquisition, etc. For example, FIG. 1 shows a satellite 130 in communication with the network 125 that may be configured for communications, noting that the satellite 130 may additionally or alternatively include circuitry for imagery (e.g., spatial, spectral, temporal, radiometric, etc.).

[0022] FIG. 1 also shows the geologic environment 120 as optionally including equipment 127 and 128 associated with a well that includes a substantially horizontalportion that may intersect with one or more fractures 129. For example, consider a well in a shale formation that may include natural fractures, artificial fractures (e.g., hydraulic fractures) or a combination of natural and artificial fractures. As an example, a well may be drilled for a reservoir that is laterally extensive. In such an example, lateral variations in properties, stresses, etc. may exist where an assessment of such variations may assist with planning, operations, etc. to develop the reservoir (e.g., via fracturing, injecting, extracting, etc.). As an example, the equipment 127 and / or 128 may include components, a system, systems, etc. for fracturing, seismic sensing, analysis of seismic data, assessment of one or more fractures, injection, production, etc. As an example, the equipment 127 and / or 128 may provide for measurement, collection, communication, storage, analysis, etc. of data such as, for example, production data (e.g., for one or more produced resources). As an example, one or more satellites may be provided for purposes of communications, data acquisition, etc.

[0023] FIG. 1 also shows an example of equipment 170 and an example of equipment 180. Such equipment, which may be systems of components, may be suitable for use in the geologic environment 120. While the equipment 170 and 180 are illustrated as land-based, various components may be suitable for use in an offshore system.

[0024] The equipment 170 includes a platform 171 , a derrick 172, a crown block 173, a line 174, a traveling block assembly 175, drawworks 176 and a landing 177 (e.g., a monkeyboard). As an example, the line 174 may be controlled at least in part via the drawworks 176 such that the traveling block assembly 175 travels in a vertical direction with respect to the platform 171. For example, by drawing the line 174 in, the drawworks 176 may cause the line 174 to run through the crown block173 and lift the traveling block assembly 175 skyward away from the platform 171 ; whereas, by allowing the line 174 out, the drawworks 176 may cause the line 174 to run through the crown block 173 and lower the traveling block assembly 175 toward the platform 171. Where the traveling block assembly 175 carries pipe (e.g., casing, etc.), tracking of movement of the traveling block 175 may provide an indication as to how much pipe has been deployed.

[0025] A derrick may be a structure used to support a crown block and a traveling block operatively coupled to the crown block at least in part via line. A derrick may be pyramidal in shape and offer a suitable strength-to-weight ratio. A derrick maybe movable as a unit or in a piece-by-piece manner (e.g., to be assembled and disassembled).

[0026] As an example, drawworks may include a spool, brakes, a power source and assorted auxiliary devices. Drawworks may controllably reel out and reel in line. Line may be reeled over a crown block and coupled to a traveling block to gain mechanical advantage in a “block and tackle’’ or “pulley” fashion. Reeling out and in of line may cause a traveling block (e.g., and whatever may be hanging underneath it), to be lowered into or raised out of a bore. Reeling out of line may be powered by gravity and reeling in by a motor, an engine, etc. (e.g., an electric motor, a diesel engine, etc.).

[0027] As an example, a crown block may include a set of pulleys (e.g., sheaves) that may be located at or near a top of a derrick or a mast, over which line is threaded. A traveling block may include a set of sheaves that may be moved up and down in a derrick or a mast via line threaded in the set of sheaves of the traveling block and in the set of sheaves of a crown block. A crown block, a traveling block and a line may form a pulley system of a derrick or a mast, which may enable handling of heavy loads (e.g., drillstring, pipe, casing, liners, etc.) to be lifted out of or lowered into a bore. As an example, line may be about a centimeter to about five centimeters in diameter as, for example, steel cable. Through use of a set of sheaves, such line may carry loads heavier than the line could support as a single strand.

[0028] As an example, a derrickman may be a rig crew member that works on a platform attached to a derrick or a mast. A derrick may include a landing on which a derrickman may stand. As an example, such a landing may be about 10 meters or more above a rig floor. In an operation referred to as trip out of the hole (TOH), a derrickman may wear a safety harness that enables leaning out from the work landing (e.g., monkeyboard) to reach pipe in located at or near the center of a derrick or a mast and to throw a line around the pipe and pull it back into its storage location (e.g., fingerboards), for example, until it a time at which it may be desirable to run the pipe back into the bore. As an example, a rig may include automated pipe-handling equipment such that the derrickman controls the machinery rather than physically handling the pipe.

[0029] As an example, a trip may refer to the act of pulling equipment from a bore and / or placing equipment in a bore. As an example, equipment may include adrillstring that may be pulled out of a hole and / or placed or replaced in a hole. As an example, a pipe trip may be performed where a drill bit has dulled or has otherwise ceased to drill efficiently and is to be replaced.

[0030] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wellsite system 200 (e.g., at a wellsite that may be onshore or offshore). As shown, the wellsite system 200 may include a mud tank 201 for holding mud and other material (e.g., where mud may be a drilling fluid), a suction line 203 that serves as an inlet to a mud pump 204 for pumping mud from the mud tank 201 such that mud flows to a vibrating hose 206, a drawworks 207 for winching drill line or drill lines 212, a standpipe 208 that receives mud from the vibrating hose 206, a kelly hose 209 that receives mud from the standpipe 208, a gooseneck or goosenecks 210, a traveling block 211 , a crown block 213 for carrying the traveling block 211 via the drill line or drill lines 212 (see, e.g., the crown block 173 of FIG. 1), a derrick 214 (see, e.g., the derrick 172 of FIG. 1), a kelly 218 or a top drive 240, a kelly drive bushing 219, a rotary table 220, a drill floor 221 , a bell nipple 222, one or more blowout preventers (BOPs) 223, a drillstring 225, a drill bit 226, a casing head 227 and a flow pipe 228 that carries mud and other material to, for example, the mud tank 201.

[0031] In the example system of FIG. 2, a borehole 232 is formed in subsurface formations 230 by rotary drilling; noting that various example embodiments may also use directional drilling.

[0032] As shown in the example of FIG. 2, the drillstring 225 is suspended within the borehole 232 and has a drillstring assembly 250 that includes the drill bit 226 at its lower end. As an example, the drillstring assembly 250 may be a bottom hole assembly (BHA).

[0033] The wellsite system 200 may provide for operation of the drillstring 225 and other operations. As shown, the wellsite system 200 includes the platform 211 and the derrick 214 positioned over the borehole 232. As mentioned, the wellsite system 200 may include the rotary table 220 where the drillstring 225 pass through an opening in the rotary table 220.

[0034] As shown in the example of FIG. 2, the wellsite system 200 may include the kelly 218 and associated components, etc., or a top drive 240 and associated components. As to a kelly example, the kelly 218 may be a square or hexagonal metal / alloy bar with a hole drilled therein that serves as a mud flow path. The kelly218 may be used to transmit rotary motion from the rotary table 220 via the kelly drive bushing 219 to the drillstring 225, while allowing the drillstring 225 to be lowered or raised during rotation. The kelly 218 may pass through the kelly drive bushing 219, which may be driven by the rotary table 220. As an example, the rotary table 220 may include a master bushing that operatively couples to the kelly drive bushing 219 such that rotation of the rotary table 220 may turn the kelly drive bushing 219 and hence the kelly 218. The kelly drive bushing 219 may include an inside profile matching an outside profile (e.g., square, hexagonal, etc.) of the kelly 218; however, with slightly larger dimensions so that the kelly 218 may freely move up and down inside the kelly drive bushing 219.

[0035] As to a top drive example, the top drive 240 may provide functions performed by a kelly and a rotary table. The top drive 240 may turn the drillstring 225. As an example, the top drive 240 may include one or more motors (e.g., electric and / or hydraulic) connected with appropriate gearing to a short section of pipe called a quill, that in turn may be screwed into a saver sub or the drillstring 225 itself. The top drive 240 may be suspended from the traveling block 211 , so the rotary mechanism is free to travel up and down the derrick 214. As an example, a top drive 240 may allow for drilling to be performed with more joint stands than a kelly / rotary table approach.

[0036] In the example of FIG. 2, the mud tank 201 may hold mud, which may be one or more types of drilling fluids. As an example, a wellbore may be drilled to produce fluid, inject fluid or both (e.g., hydrocarbons, minerals, water, etc.).

[0037] In the example of FIG. 2, the drillstring 225 (e.g., including one or more downhole tools) may be composed of a series of pipes threadably connected together to form a long tube with the drill bit 226 at the lower end thereof. As the drillstring 225 is advanced into a wellbore for drilling, at some point in time prior to or coincident with drilling, the mud may be pumped by the pump 204 from the mud tank 201 (e.g., or other source) via the lines 206, 208 and 209 to a port of the kelly 218 or, for example, to a port of the top drive 240. The mud may then flow via a passage (e.g., or passages) in the drillstring 225 and out of ports located on the drill bit 226 (see, e.g., a directional arrow). As the mud exits the drillstring 225 via ports in the drill bit 226, it may then circulate upwardly through an annular region between an outer surface(s) of the drillstring 225 and surrounding wall(s) (e.g., open borehole, casing, etc.), as indicated by directional arrows. In such a manner, the mud lubricates the drill bit 226 and carriesheat energy (e.g., frictional or other energy) and formation cuttings to the surface where the mud (e.g., and cuttings) may be returned to the mud tank 201 , for example, for recirculation (e.g., with processing to remove cuttings, etc.).

[0038] The mud pumped by the pump 204 into the drillstring 225 may, after exiting the drillstring 225, form a mudcake that lines the wellbore which, among other functions, may reduce friction between the drillstring 225 and surrounding wall(s) (e.g., borehole, casing, etc.). A reduction in friction may facilitate advancing or retracting the drillstring 225. During a drilling operation, the entire drillstring 225 may be pulled from a wellbore and optionally replaced, for example, with a new or sharpened drill bit, a smaller diameter drillstring, etc. As mentioned, the act of pulling a drillstring out of a hole or replacing it in a hole is referred to as tripping. A trip may be referred to as an upward trip or an outward trip or as a downward trip or an inward trip depending on trip direction.

[0039] As an example, consider a downward trip where upon arrival of the drill bit 226 of the drillstring 225 at a bottom of a wellbore, pumping of the mud commences to lubricate the drill bit 226 for purposes of drilling to enlarge the wellbore. As mentioned, the mud may be pumped by the pump 204 into a passage of the drillstring 225 and, upon filling of the passage, the mud may be used as a transmission medium to transmit energy, for example, energy that may encode information as in mud-pulse telemetry.

[0040] As an example, mud-pulse telemetry equipment may include a downhole device configured to effect changes in pressure in the mud to create an acoustic wave or waves upon which information may modulated. In such an example, information from downhole equipment (e.g., one or more modules of the drillstring 225) may be transmitted uphole to an uphole device, which may relay such information to other equipment for processing, control, etc.

[0041] As an example, telemetry equipment may operate via transmission of energy via the drillstring 225 itself. For example, consider a signal generator that imparts coded energy signals to the drillstring 225 and repeaters that may receive such energy and repeat it to further transmit the coded energy signals (e.g., information, etc.).

[0042] As an example, the drillstring 225 may be fitted with telemetry equipment 252 that includes a rotatable drive shaft, a turbine impeller mechanically coupled tothe drive shaft such that the mud may cause the turbine impeller to rotate, a modulator rotor mechanically coupled to the drive shaft such that rotation of the turbine impeller causes said modulator rotor to rotate, a modulator stator mounted adjacent to or proximate to the modulator rotor such that rotation of the modulator rotor relative to the modulator stator creates pressure pulses in the mud, and a controllable brake for selectively braking rotation of the modulator rotor to modulate pressure pulses. In such example, an alternator may be coupled to the aforementioned drive shaft where the alternator includes at least one stator winding electrically coupled to a control circuit to selectively short the at least one stator winding to electromagnetically brake the alternator and thereby selectively brake rotation of the modulator rotor to modulate the pressure pulses in the mud.

[0043] In the example of FIG. 2, an uphole control and / or data acquisition system 262 may include circuitry to sense pressure pulses generated by telemetry equipment 252 and, for example, communicate sensed pressure pulses or information derived therefrom for process, control, etc.

[0044] The assembly 250 of the illustrated example includes a logging-while- drilling (LWD) module 254 (e.g., a LWD tool), a measuring-while-drilling (MWD) module 256 (e.g., a MWD tool), an optional module 258, a roto-steerable system (RSS) and / or motor 260, and the drill bit 226. Such components or modules may be referred to as tools where a drillstring may include a plurality of tools.

[0045] As to an RSS, it involves technology utilized for directional drilling. Directional drilling involves drilling into the Earth to form a deviated bore such that the trajectory of the bore is not vertical; rather, the trajectory deviates from vertical along one or more portions of the bore. As an example, consider a target that is located at a lateral distance from a surface location where a rig may be stationed. In such an example, drilling may commence with a vertical portion and then deviate from vertical such that the bore is aimed at the target and, eventually, reaches the target. Directional drilling may be implemented where a target may be inaccessible from a vertical location at the surface of the Earth, where material exists in the Earth that may impede drilling or otherwise be detrimental (e.g., consider a salt dome, etc.), where a formation is laterally extensive (e.g., consider a relatively thin yet laterally extensive reservoir), where multiple bores are to be drilled from a single surface bore, where a relief well is desired, etc.

[0046] One approach to directional drilling involves a mud motor; however, a mud motor may present some challenges depending on factors such as rate of penetration (ROP), transferring weight to a bit (e.g., weight on bit, WOB) due to friction, etc. A mud motor may be a positive displacement motor (PDM) that operates to drive a bit (e.g., during directional drilling, etc.). A PDM operates as drilling fluid is pumped through it where the PDM converts hydraulic power of the drilling fluid into mechanical power to cause the bit to rotate.

[0047] As an example, a PDM may operate in a combined rotating mode where surface equipment is utilized to rotate a bit of a drillstring (e.g., a rotary table, a top drive, etc.) by rotating the entire drillstring and where drilling fluid is utilized to rotate the bit of the drillstring. In such an example, a surface RPM (SRPM) may be determined by use of the surface equipment and a downhole RPM of the mud motor may be determined using various factors related to flow of drilling fluid, mud motor type, etc. As an example, in the combined rotating mode, bit RPM may be determined or estimated as a sum of the SRPM and the mud motor RPM, assuming the SRPM and the mud motor RPM are in the same direction.

[0048] As an example, a PDM mud motor may operate in a so-called sliding mode, when the drillstring is not rotated from the surface to drive a drill bit in a particular cutting direction. In such an example, a bit RPM may be determined or estimated based on the RPM of the mud motor. As an example, during a sliding mode, oscillation of a drillstring may be provided by surface equipment, for example, to oscillate the drillstring in a clockwise and a counter-clockwise direction, which may, for example, help to reduce risk of sticking, etc.

[0049] An RSS may drill directionally where there is continuous rotation from surface equipment, which may alleviate the sliding of a steerable motor (e.g., a PDM). An RSS may be deployed when drilling directionally (e.g., deviated, horizontal, or extended-reach wells). An RSS may aim to minimize interaction with a borehole wall, which may help to preserve borehole quality. An RSS may aim to exert a relatively consistent side force akin to stabilizers that rotate with the drillstring or orient the bit in the desired direction while continuously rotating at the same number of rotations per minute as the drillstring.

[0050] The LWD module 254 may be housed in a suitable type of drill collar and may contain one or a plurality of selected types of logging tools. It will also beunderstood that more than one LWD and / or MWD module may be employed. Where the position of a module is mentioned, as an example, it may refer to a module at the position of the LWD module 254, the MWD module 256, etc. An LWD module may include capabilities for measuring, processing, and storing information, as well as for communicating with the surface equipment. In the illustrated example, the LWD module 254 may include a seismic measuring device.

[0051] The MWD module 256 may be housed in a suitable type of drill collar and may contain one or more devices for measuring characteristics of the drillstring 225 and the drill bit 226. As an example, the MWD module 256 may include equipment for generating electrical power, for example, to power various components of the drillstring 225. As an example, the MWD module 256 may include the telemetry equipment 252, for example, where the turbine impeller may generate power by flow of the mud; it being understood that other power and / or battery systems may be employed for purposes of powering various components. As an example, the MWD module 256 may include one or more of the following types of measuring devices: a weight-on-bit measuring device, a torque measuring device, a vibration measuring device, a shock measuring device, a stick slip measuring device, a direction measuring device, and an inclination measuring device.

[0052] FIG. 2 also shows some examples of types of holes that may be drilled. For example, consider a slant hole 272, an S-shaped hole 274, a deep inclined hole 276 and a horizontal hole 278.

[0053] As an example, a drilling operation may include directional drilling where, for example, at least a portion of a well includes a curved axis. For example, consider a radius that defines curvature where an inclination with regard to the vertical may vary until reaching an angle between about 30 degrees and about 60 degrees or, for example, an angle to about 90 degrees or possibly greater than about 90 degrees.

[0054] As an example, a directional well may include several shapes where each of the shapes may aim to meet particular operational demands. As an example, a drilling process may be performed on the basis of information as and when it is relayed to a drilling engineer. As an example, inclination and / or direction may be modified based on information received during a drilling process.

[0055] As an example, deviation of a bore may be accomplished in part by use of one or more of an RSS, a downhole motor and / or a turbine. As to a motor, for example, a drillstring may include a positive displacement motor (PDM).

[0056] As an example, a system may be a steerable system and include equipment to perform a method such as geosteering. As an example, a steerable system may include a PDM or a turbine on a lower part of a drillstring which, just above a drill bit, a bent sub may be mounted. As an example, above a PDM, MWD equipment that provides real time or near real time data of interest (e.g., inclination, direction, pressure, temperature, real weight on the drill bit, torque stress, etc.) and / or LWD equipment may be installed. As to the latter, LWD equipment may make it possible to send to the surface various types of data of interest, including for example, geological data (e.g., gamma ray log, resistivity, density and sonic logs, etc.).

[0057] The coupling of sensors providing information on the course of a well trajectory, in real time or near real time, with, for example, one or more logs characterizing the formations from a geological viewpoint, may allow for implementing a geosteering method. Such a method may include navigating a subsurface environment, for example, to follow a desired route to reach a desired target or targets.

[0058] As an example, a drillstring may include an azimuthal density neutron (ADN) tool for measuring density and porosity; a MWD tool for measuring inclination, azimuth and shocks; a compensated dual resistivity (CDR) tool for measuring resistivity and gamma ray related phenomena; one or more variable gauge stabilizers; one or more bend joints; and a geosteering tool, which may include a motor and optionally equipment for measuring and / or responding to one or more of inclination, resistivity and gamma ray related phenomena.

[0059] As an example, geosteering may include intentional directional control of a wellbore based on results of downhole geological logging measurements in a manner that aims to keep a directional wellbore within a desired region, zone (e.g., a pay zone), etc. As an example, geosteering may include directing a wellbore to keep the wellbore in a particular section of a reservoir, for example, to minimize gas and / or water breakthrough and, for example, to maximize economic production from a well that includes the wellbore.

[0060] Referring again to FIG. 2, the wellsite system 200 may include one or more sensors 264 that are operatively coupled to the control and / or data acquisitionsystem 262. As an example, a sensor or sensors may be at surface locations. As an example, a sensor or sensors may be at downhole locations. As an example, a sensor or sensors may be at one or more remote locations that are not within a distance of the order of about one hundred meters from the wellsite system 200. As an example, a sensor or sensor may be at an offset wellsite where the wellsite system 200 and the offset wellsite are in a common field (e.g., oil and / or gas field).

[0061] As an example, one or more of the sensors 264 may be provided for tracking pipe, tracking movement of at least a portion of a drillstring, etc.

[0062] As an example, the system 200 may include one or more sensors 266 that may sense and / or transmit signals to a fluid conduit such as a drilling fluid conduit (e.g., a drilling mud conduit). For example, in the system 200, the one or more sensors 266 may be operatively coupled to portions of the standpipe 208 through which mud flows. As an example, a downhole tool may generate pulses that may travel through the mud and be sensed by one or more of the one or more sensors 266. In such an example, the downhole tool may include associated circuitry such as, for example, encoding circuitry that may encode signals, for example, to reduce demands as to transmission. As an example, circuitry at the surface may include decoding circuitry to decode encoded information transmitted at least in part via mud-pulse telemetry. As an example, circuitry at the surface may include encoder circuitry and / or decoder circuitry and circuitry downhole may include encoder circuitry and / or decoder circuitry. As an example, the system 200 may include a transmitter that may generate signals that may be transmitted downhole via mud (e.g., drilling fluid) as a transmission medium.

[0063] As an example, one or more portions of a drillstring may become stuck. The term stuck may refer to one or more of varying degrees of inability to move or remove a drillstring from a bore. As an example, in a stuck condition, it might be possible to rotate pipe or lower it back into a bore or, for example, in a stuck condition, there may be an inability to move the drillstring axially in the bore, though some amount of rotation may be possible. As an example, in a stuck condition, there may be an inability to move at least a portion of the drillstring axially and rotationally.

[0064] As to the term “stuck pipe”, this term may refer to a portion of a drillstring that cannot be rotated or moved axially. As an example, a condition referred to as “differential sticking” may be a condition whereby the drillstring cannot be moved (e.g.,rotated or reciprocated) along the axis of the bore. Differential sticking may occur when high-contact forces caused by low reservoir pressures, high wellbore pressures, or both, are exerted over a sufficiently large area of the drillstring. Differential sticking may have time and financial cost.

[0065] As an example, a sticking force may be a product of the differential pressure between the wellbore and the reservoir and the area that the differential pressure is acting upon. This means that a relatively low differential pressure (delta p) applied over a large working area may be just as effective in sticking pipe as may a high differential pressure applied over a small area.

[0066] As an example, a condition referred to as “mechanical sticking” may be a condition where limiting or prevention of motion of the drillstring by a mechanism other than differential pressure sticking occurs. Mechanical sticking may be caused, for example, by one or more of junk in the hole, wellbore geometry anomalies, cement, keyseats or a buildup of cuttings in the annulus.

[0067] Various types of data associated with field operations may be 1 -D series data. For example, consider data as to one or more of a drilling system, downhole states, formation attributes, and surface mechanics being measured as single or multichannel time series data.

[0068] FIG. 3 shows an example of an environment 301 that includes a subterranean portion 303 where a rig 310 is positioned at a surface location above a bore 320. In the example of FIG. 3, various wirelines services equipment can be operated to perform one or more wirelines services including, for example, acquisition of data from one or more positions within the bore 320.

[0069] As an example, a wireline tool and / or a wireline service may provide for acquisition of data, analysis of data, data-based determinations, data-based decision making, etc. Some examples of wireline data can include gamma ray (GR), spontaneous potential (SP), caliper (CALI), shallow resistivity (LLS and ILD), deep resistivity (LLD and ILD), density (RHOB), neutron porosity (BPHI or TNPH or NPHI), sonic (DT), photoelectric (PEF), permittivity and conductivity.

[0070] In the example of FIG. 3, the bore 320 includes drillpipe 322, a casing shoe 324, a cable side entry sub (CSES) 323, a wet-connector adaptor 326 and an openhole section 328. As an example, the bore 320 can be a vertical bore or adeviated bore where one or more portions of the bore may be vertical and one or more portions of the bore may be deviated, including substantially horizontal.

[0071] In the example of FIG. 3, the CSES 323 includes a cable clamp 325, a packoff seal assembly 327 and a check valve 329. These components can provide for insertion of a logging cable 330 that includes a portion 332 that runs outside the drillpipe 322 to be inserted into the drillpipe 322 such that at least a portion 334 of the logging cable runs inside the drillpipe 322. In the example of FIG. 3, the logging cable 330 runs past the casing shoe 324 and the wet-connect adaptor 326 and into the openhole section 328 to a logging string 340.

[0072] As shown in the example of FIG. 3, a logging truck 350 (e.g., a wirelines services vehicle) can deploy the wireline 330 under control of a system 360. As shown in the example of FIG. 3, the system 360 can include one or more processors 362, memory 364 operatively coupled to at least one of the one or more processors 362, instructions 366 that can be, for example, stored in the memory 364, and one or more interfaces 368. As an example, the system 360 can include one or more processor- readable media that include processor-executable instructions executable by at least one of the one or more processors 362 to cause the system 360 to control one or more aspects of equipment of the logging string 340 and / or the logging truck 350. In such an example, the memory 364 can be or include the one or more processor-readable media where the processor-executable instructions can be or include instructions. As an example, a processor-readable medium can be a computer-readable storage medium that is not a signal and that is not a carrier wave.

[0073] FIG. 3 also shows a battery 370 that may be operatively coupled to the system 360, for example, to power the system 360. As an example, the battery 370 may be a back-up battery that operates when another power supply is unavailable for powering the system 360 (e.g., via a generator of the wirelines truck 350, a separate generator, a power line, etc.). As an example, the battery 370 may be operatively coupled to a network, which may be a cloud network. As an example, the battery 370 can include smart battery circuitry and may be operatively coupled to one or more pieces of equipment via a SMBus or other type of bus.

[0074] As an example, the system 360 can be operatively coupled to a client layer 380. In the example of FIG. 3, the client layer 380 can include features that allow for access and interactions via one or more private networks 382, one or more mobileplatforms and / or mobile networks 384 and via the “cloud” 386, which may be considered to include distributed equipment that forms a network such as a network of networks. As an example, the system 360 can include circuitry to establish a plurality of connections (e.g., sessions). As an example, connections may be via one or more types of networks. As an example, connections may be client-server types of connections where the system 360 operates as a server in a client-server architecture. For example, clients may log-in to the system 360 where multiple clients may be handled, optionally simultaneously.

[0075] While the example of FIG. 3 shows the system 360 as being associated with the logging truck 350, one or more features of the system 360 may be included in a downhole assembly, which may be a wireline assembly and / or a LWD assembly. In such an approach, various computations may be performed downhole where results thereof may be optionally transmitted to surface (e.g., to the logging truck 350, etc.) using one or more telemetric technologies and / or techniques (e.g., mud-pulse telemetry, wireline, etc.).

[0076] FIG. 4 shows an example of a method 400 that includes generating fractures (e.g., hydraulic or artificial fractures). As shown, the method 400 can include various operational actions 401 , 402, 403, 404, 405, and 406. The action 401 may include drilling into a formation that includes layers to form a bore with a kickoff to a portion defined by a heel and a toe, for example, within a reservoir layer.

[0077] As illustrated with respect to the action 402, the bore may be at least partially cased with casing into which a string or line may be introduced that carries a perforator. As shown, the perforator can include a distal end and charge positions associated with activatable charges that can perforate the casing and form channels in the reservoir layer. Next, per the action 403, fluid may be introduced into the bore between the heel and the toe where the fluid passes through the perforations in the casing and into the channels. Where such fluid is under pressure, the pressure may be sufficient to fracture the reservoir layer, for example, to form fractures. In the action 403, the fractures may be first stage fractures, for example, of a multistage fracturing operation.

[0078] Per the action 404, additional operations may be performed for further fracturing of the reservoir layer. For example, a plug may be introduced into the bore between the heel and the toe and positioned, for example, in a region between firststage perforations of the casing and the heel. Per the action 405, the perforator may be activated to form additional perforations in the casing (e.g., second stage perforations) as well as channels in the reservoir layer (e.g., second stage channels). Per the action 406, fluid may be introduced while the plug is disposed in the bore, for example, to isolate a portion of the bore such that fluid pressure may build to a level sufficient to form fractures in the reservoir layer (e.g., second stage fractures).

[0079] In a method such as the method 400 of FIG. 4, it may be desirable that a plug includes properties suited to one or more operations. Properties of a plug may include mechanical properties (e.g., sufficient strength to withstand pressure associated with fracture generation, etc.) and may include one or more other types of properties (e.g., chemical, electrical, etc.). As an example, it may be desirable that a plug degrades, that a plug seat degrades, that at least a portion of a borehole tool degrades, etc. For example, a plug may be manufactured with properties such that the plug withstands, for a period of time, conditions associated with an operation and then degrades (e.g., when exposed to one or more conditions). In such an example, where the plug acts to block a passage for an operation, upon degradation, the passage may become unblocked, which may allow for one or more subsequent operations.

[0080] As an example, a component may be degradable upon contact with a fluid such as an aqueous ionic fluid (e.g., saline fluid, etc.). As an example, a component may be degradable upon contact with well fluid that includes water (e.g., consider well fluid that includes oil and water, etc.). As an example, a component may be degradable upon contact with a fracturing fluid (e.g., a hydraulic fracturing fluid). As an example, a degradation time may depend on a component dimension or dimensions and can differ for various temperatures where a component is in contact with a fluid that is at least in part aqueous (e.g., include water as a medium, a solvent, a phase, etc.).

[0081] As an example, a generated hydraulic fracture may intersect with and / or interact with one or more other fractures, whether natural or artificial. As mentioned, data may be acquired during a hydraulic fracturing operation that may be utilized to assess the hydraulic fracturing operation and / or one or more results thereof (e.g., one or more hydraulic fractures).

[0082] As explained, various types of operations may be performed in the field, as may be related to drilling, logging, completions, treatments (e.g., fracturing, chemical, etc.), production of fluid, injection of fluid, etc. As an example, a set of operations may be referred to as a work program, which may be a type of plan. As an example, a work program may be specified in the form of a digital file that may be automatically generated responsive to input, which may include automated input and / or manual input.

[0083] In various instances, work program documentation may be required prior to authorization of one or more intervention operations such as, for example, setting plugs and perforating, logging, etc. A work program may include sections, where one or more sections may be generic or common from well-to-well and / or from intervention plan-to-intervention plan. As an example, a system may provide for automatically generating an initial version of a work program, for example, from one or more templates where, depending on circumstances, one or more generic sections may be pre-populated. In such an example, the system may operate using one or more databases, which may be provided as one or more data structures that may be queried and / or otherwise searched.

[0084] As an example, a system may be an Al-powered well work program generation system that may utilize an Al-powered knowledge database that includes information from relevant sources (e.g., documentation, etc.), which may be from one or more previous well work programs, which may include information from one or more of various types of operations (e.g., coil tubing procedures, well construction schematics, deviation surveys, rig-up diagrams, tool planner output, etc ).

[0085] As an example, a well work program generation system may extract relevant information from a knowledge database and automatically generate components of a well work program, which may be in the form of a digital file. As an example, a digital file may be in one or more types of formats and / or convertible to one or more types of formats, which may be digital and / or hard copy. As an example, a digital file may include one or more instructions suitable for receipt by a controller that may provide for control of one or more pieces of equipment, for example, to perform one or more field operations. For example, a digital file may include executable instructions that cause one or more pieces of equipment to perform an action (e.g., acquiring data, adjusting a component, stopping, starting, changing rate, etc.).

[0086] As an example, a system may reduce demands for manual actions, which may include having an intervention team manually entering information and screen captures into spreadsheets (e.g., consider EXCEL spreadsheets). In various instances, a spreadsheet may be transmitted to an entity (e.g., a well operator, etc.). In turn, a technician or engineer at the operator (e.g., a service provider to the well operator, etc.) may manually insert input into the spreadsheet as part of a well work program template document review and approval process, which may be performed prior to authorization of a well intervention.

[0087] As an example, a system may improve a well work program generation process through automation. For example, consider automation of document search and retrieval, auditing of source documentation and document version control, and, for example, by providing a collaboration platform where one or more stakeholders can work on a file or files (e.g., one or more documents) simultaneous, sequentially, etc. In such an approach, a system may provide for rendering one or more graphical user interfaces (GUIs) where one or more aspects of a well work program may be handled (e.g., entered, edited, revise, assessed, etc.). As an example, a system may provide for implementation as a multiuser web application (e.g., web app) that may provide for human and / or machine interactions.

[0088] As an example, a system may provide for code generation, which may be executable code for execution by one or more processors. As an example, such executable code may be segregated into portions suitable for control of one or more pieces of equipment. In such an example, an overarching code may provide for orchestrated control while code portions may provide for implementing field control of equipment. In such an example, one or more code to code (e.g., code to command, etc.) components may be included to provide for control of equipment that may implement homogeneous and / or heterogenous types of controllers. For example, consider a system that may provide for translation of code to one or more commands suitable for a particular programmable logic controller, for a particular embedded controller, for an Internet of Things (loT) controller, etc. As an example, a system may provide for control of equipment from various manufacturers, which may utilize language platforms, communication channels, messaging protocols, etc., that may differ. In such an example, a system may provide for harmonizing operations using aparticular language platform and controlling equipment in an equipment manufacturer agnostic manner through use of specialized translators, etc.

[0089] As an example, an Al-powered well work program generator system may enable a well intervention team to focus on value-add work specific to a well intervention task. Such an approach may reduce cycle time and improve document reliability, which may lead to improved asset performance for an operator. As explained, a document may be a digital document, which may include instructions, links (e.g., URLs, etc.), etc., which may make such a document an active document in that it may be interactive, for example, to provide for accessing resources, issuing instructions, performing assessments, etc.

[0090] As an example, a system may provide for automation / semi automation of information retrieval and population of information into a work program file. As an example, a retriever interface may be included that can enable a user to quality check, validate, and / or augment retrievals before continuing a process such as, for example, passing content to a well work program template.

[0091] FIG. 5 shows an example of a system 500 that may provide for automated and / or semi-automated work program generation. As shown, the system 500 may include various knowledge system components that may be interacted with using a retriever interface, which may be operated by a human at a workstation, a mobile device, etc., and / or by one or more machines (e.g., a controller, a planner, etc.). As shown, sources of information may be accessed, which may include documentation in the form of images, tables, text, digital instructions, etc., which may be transformed into one or more types of database representations. For example, consider an artificial intelligence (Al) type of database that may utilize vector representations. In such an example, a document and / or information therein may be represented in the form of a vector. As an example, a database may be a vector database (e.g., a Vector DB).

[0092] As an example, a vector database may be a type of specialized database designed to store and retrieve vector embeddings, which may be present in the form of numerical arrays representing various characteristics of an object. Such embeddings may be distilled representations of training data and / or other data, for example, serving as a filter through which new data may be run during an inferencepart of a machine learning process. As an example, vector embeddings may provide for query augmentation, for example, to augment a query with contextual information.

[0093] As an example, a vector database may be operatively coupled to a retriever component. In the context of large language models (LLMs), vector databases can store vector embeddings, which may include those resulting from model training and / or one or more other sources. In such an example, performance of database-based similarity searches may be improved, where an aim may be to find a best match between a prompt and a particular vector embedding.

[0094] Vector embeddings may be considered to be numerical representations of data objects. Vector embeddings may be generated by one or more processes and serve as a distilled, structured representation of data. As an example, each point in a high-dimensional space may provide for a correspondence to a unique data object where distance between points represents similarity between the corresponding data objects. In the context of vector databases, vector embeddings may be used to transform and store data in a way that allows for efficient similarity search, which may be utilized in applications such as semantic search and natural language processing (NLP), where a goal may be to find one or more data objects that are semantically similar to a given query and / or otherwise relevant to a given query.

[0095] As an example, the system 500 may employ vector indexing. For example, once data have been transformed into vector embeddings, these embeddings may be stored in a manner that allows for efficient search and retrieval. Vector indexing involves organizing and storing vector embeddings in a database in a way that allows for efficient similarity search. The high dimensionality of a vector space and demands to perform complex distance computations can present challenges where such challenges may be suitably handled using advanced indexing algorithms and data structures. Vector databases tend to handle such tasks efficiently.

[0096] As to similarity searches in vector databases, the concept of similarity search in vector databases can involve finding the most similar vectors to a given vector within the database. Similarity may be determined, for example, using one or more distance metrics (e.g., Euclidean distance, cosine similarity, etc.). In the context of LLMs, a similarity search may be used to find a best match between a prompt and a stored vector embedding, which may allow an LLM to generate appropriate responses to questions based on its training (e.g., training data) where, for example,questions may be augmented (e g., through a vector database-based search result). As an example, a vector database may be provided as a front end to an LLM whereby one or more searches may generate information that may augment a query, for example, consider a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) approach (e.g., a Retrieval Augmented Generator).

[0097] As shown in the example of FIG. 5, the system 500 may provide for transforming data from one or more sources (e.g., a source document library, etc.) to vectors for storage in an Al database component (e.g., a vector database or vector database component). As shown, data may include image data, tabular data, text data, etc. As an example, such data may include training data that were utilized to train an LLM. As an example, such data may include data from a rigsite, which may be streamed data such as, for example, real-time streamed data. As an example, a vector database may be dynamically maintained to provide for up-to-date, timely information that may be utilized in work program generation. In such an example, the work program generation may include generation of an initial file and / or generation of a file with added information, which may, for example, progress to a final file suitable for approval and / or implementation. As explained, in various instances a file may include instructions that may be executable, for example, to control one or more pieces of equipment in the field to perform one or more field operations. As an example, a file may be a digital plan that may specify actions to be performed, which may be specified in a state-based manner, a temporal manner, a depth-based manner, etc. As an example, where one or more actions may be changed or otherwise altered, a system may provide for re-planning that may generate a revised file (e.g., a revised work program file).

[0098] As an example, the system 500 may provide for storage of an approved and / or implemented work program. As an example, an approved work program may differ from an implemented work program. As an example, the system 500 may provide for comparing an approved work program to an implemented work program to detect one or more differences. For example, consider an approved work program that calls for performing an action at a depth X1 where actual implementation of the work program performs the action at a depth X2. In such an example, the difference may be indicated in a revised or tagged work program file that may be stored and, for example, processed for representation in an Al database (e.g., a vector database,etc.). As an example, such a change between an approved work program and the work program as implemented may be taken into account in a future work program, whether as a relevance factor, a risk factor, a note, etc. For example, consider altering an executable instruction in a digital work program such that a particular action occurs at a particular depth, etc. In such an example, the digital work program may be viewed as an altered executable file that can be executed to control one or more actions at a rigsite, etc.

[0099] FIG. 6 shows some examples of documentation 600 that may be included in one or more sources where such examples may be processed to be represented within an Al database. As shown, section indicators may be present along with descriptions (e.g., a table of contents, etc.), plots such as deviation in angle with respect to depth may be present, work program documents that include sections as to requirements, etc., may be present (e.g., consider depth related specifications, etc.), and pipe tally documents may be present, which may include various types of information related to pipes (e.g., tubing) that may be coupled to form a drillstring, etc. As indicated, the documentation 600 may be diverse, heterogenous, etc., which may include text, tables, images, etc. In various instances, one document may inform one or more others. For example, one document may provide context for one or more other documents. As an example, consider a plot that may include a well reference (e.g., well number, etc.) and that may be missing units, depth values, etc. In such an example, another document forthat well may include information for one or more days where the corresponding well was being drilled. In such an example, the information may include one or more depths at one or more times where such information may be utilized to enhance the plot or otherwise contextualize the plot. As an example, actions performed may be listed in a document and combined with plot data in another document to understand when such actions were performed, at what depth such actions were performed, etc. As explained, a system may provide for generation and / or alteration of executable code, control instructions, etc., that may be implemented to control performance of one or more actions in the field. As an example, a system may provide for optimizing when or how one or more actions are to be performed.

[0100] FIG. 7 shows example graphical user interfaces (GUIs) 710 and 720 as to queries, acceptance and / or rejection, relevance (e.g., confidence score, etc.),actions to be performed, and visualization of documentation (e.g., images from source documents, etc., which may be ranked based on similarity, etc.). As an example, the GUI 701 may be provided as at least a partially filled GUI that may expedite a work program process. As an example, such a GUI may be available at one or more display devices for interactions by one or more individuals. For example, the GUI 710 may provide for collaborative interactions, which may include simultaneous interactions to expeditiously generate a final version of a work program (e.g., as a work program file), which may be suitable for approval and / or implementation. As shown, the GUI 710 may provide for linking back to source documentation as may be performed via vector embeddings in a vector database where, for example, the GUI 720 may be rendered in response (e.g., via interaction using a human-machine interface (HMI)). Such an approach may provide for expeditious searches and rendering of relevant documentation (e.g., images, tables, text, instructions, etc.).

[0101] As an example, a system may generate entries for the GUI 710 that may be expeditiously reviewed by a human in a human-in-the-loop (HITL) approach or, for example, by individuals of a collaborative team. As shown in the example of FIG. 7, the GUI 710 may include a view field with a graphical control that may be actuated to cause rendering of the GUI 720, which may provide for a ranked listing of relevant source documents. In such an approach, a human may select one or more of the source documents (e.g., graphical control(s) therefor, etc.) to cause the system to access the one or more documents and / or one or more images thereof (e.g., consider bitmap, tiff, jpeg, pdf, etc.) to expeditious review. As an example, a system may provide for harmonizing documents into a common document type or format such that the system can provide for harmonized and expeditious review of documentation.

[0102] As an example, a system may provide for accessing and viewing a document in its native format. In such an example, if a user believes that a document may have not been properly processed into a common document type or format, the user may cause the system to access the document in its native format for review. In such an example, if the user discerns an issue in conversion, the user may flag the document for reprocessing, for example, at a finer resolution, a different contrast level, with a different color system (e.g., RGB, YUV, HSL, etc.). In such an example, the flagged document may be reprocessed, which may result in generation of revised vector information for storage in a vector database (e.g., an Al database, etc.). In suchan approach, a user may provide for improving the system through a process of what may be considered normal use of the system. In such an example, the system may be a learning system whereby user feedback as to documentation may be acquired and utilized to improve performance of the learning system.

[0103] FIG. 8 shows some examples of GUIs 810, 820, and 830 that may be rendered, where, for example, renderings may include images, drawings, tables, plots, etc. Such types of renderings may provide for expeditious review of a work program, which may include sections, where a section may be an appendix or other type of section. In such an approach, a work program may be generated with information that provides for review, which may be collaborative review, where, for example, information such as source information may be included in a work program file and / or be accessible via one or more links (e.g., embedded links to source documentation, etc.).

[0104] In the example of FIG. 8, the GUI 810 shows various well specific data, particularly a current wellbore schematic. As shown, such information may be rendered in combination with other information. For example, consider expected pressure and temperature, which may be provided with respect to low (Low), expected (Exp), and high (Hi) values, along with one or more comments. As explained, documentation may provide for extraction of various values relevant to operations, controls, etc. For example, consider a system that may provide for use of temperature data and / or pressure data for formulating one or more control instructions executable for optimizing well operations.

[0105] In the GUI 810, the temperatures include bottom hole temperature (BHT) and the pressures include shut-in tubing head pressure (SITHP) and shut-in bottom hole pressure (SIBHP). As to SITHP, it may represent pressure exerted at a tubing head when the well is closed in, meaning no fluid is flowing. SITHP may provide insights into well performance and one or more potential issues. As to SIBHP, it may represent the force per unit area exerted at a bottom of a wellbore when it is closed at either the Christmas tree or the blowout preventor (BOP) stack. As an example, SIBHP may be generated by a combination of hydrostatic pressure from weight of liquid in a well and additional applied pressure. As an example, the applied pressure component may be from the formation or from an external source at the surface.

[0106] In the GUI 820, well specific data are shown for well operational history, which may be listed by data and event. For example, a well may have an operational history that may span years where various events may occur or be performed on the well. As an example, one or more of the events may represent one or more field operations performed to improve well performance. For example, if production is declining more than planned or expected, one or more operations may be performed in the field in an effort to improve production (e.g., to lessen a rate of decline, etc.).

[0107] In the GUI 830, information as to an appendix is shown as to coiled tubing weight, specifically, for two different tool planner results. As shown, information may be graphical, which may include a number of data plots where such data may include planned data, synthetic data, actual data, etc. In the example plots of the GUI 830, data may be included for running in hole (Rl H), pulling out of hole (POOH), pickup weight, slackoff weight, etc. For example, consider plots for POOH operations as related to setting a plug, pumping cement, etc. In such an example, various pressures, temperatures, etc., may be included or otherwise specified.

[0108] As indicated, the GUI 830 may include information as to one or more operations involving coiled tubing (CT). Coiled tubing may be a term relating to use of a coiled tubing string and associated equipment. As a well-intervention method, coiled tubing techniques may offer one or more benefits over one or more alternative well-intervention technologies. As an example, CT may provide an ability to work safely under live well conditions, with a continuous string that enables fluids to be pumped at any time regardless of position or direction of travel. As an example, CT may provide for installing an electrical conductor or hydraulic conduit, which may enhance the capability of a CT string and enable relatively complex intervention techniques to be applied safely. As an example, one or more of the plots in the GUI 830 may provide for extraction of information for a well work program whereby CT is utilized where, for example, one or more control instructions may be generated for control of one or more aspects of one or more CT operations.

[0109] As an example, in various instances, a well may have been planned in a manner that considers scenarios or realizations. In such an example, documentation may include documents as to one or more scenarios and / or documents pertaining to comparisons thereof. As an example, a system may provide for accessing documentation relevant to decision-making and reviewing such decision-making toarrive at a decision for a well being planned, a well being drilled, a well being utilized for injection, a well being utilized for production, etc. As an example, a well work program may be generated based at least in part on selection of one or more documents, which may pertain to one or more scenarios, realizations, etc. In such an approach, a well work program may be improved on the basis of prior work, which may be for a particular well, one or more offset wells, etc.

[0110] FIG. 9 shows an example of a system 900 that may provide for various types of work program generation related actions. For example, consider a template drive batch query approach where a batch query may be submitted to a retriever interface to retrieve content that may populate at least a portion of the template automatically where, for example, further population and / or editing may occur via one or more GUI interactions. For example, a user may interact with a GUI to modify, select, retrieve, etc., information via GUI interactions, which may include one or more interactions that cause queries to be sent to the retriever interface to retrieve data from an Al database (e.g., a vector database, etc.), which may be associated with documentation (e.g., source documentation). As an example, a workflow may be automated or semi-automated. As an example, a workflow may be interactive whereby a user or users interact with one or more GUIs to drive a work program to a final version for approval and / or implementation. As an example, a GUI may provide for stepping through a work program in real-time where, for example, one or more adjustments may be indicated and stored for generation of an as implemented work program file. As mentioned, a system may provide for comparing an approved version to an as implemented version. In such an example, the as-implemented version may become a source document that may be represented in an Al database for future reference (e.g., being available wholly and / or partially for future queries, etc.). As an example, a system may provide for work program optimization using comparisons.

[0111] As explained, generation of a well work program (WWP) document may involve: (1 ) transmitting information for each section of a WWP to a retriever, for example, via a batch query; (2) returning via the retriever the most similar content of the batch query to an interface where content, contextual information, and similarity scores may be presented (e.g., as renderings of a GUI) where, for example, content retrieved above a confidence threshold may be automatically pushed to a WWP template; (3) evaluating and / or manually selecting lower confidence content to pushto the WWP template where, for example, a user may augment an initial query batch and re-query a knowledge system and / or may augment a knowledge system and / or manually upload desired and / or required content via the retriever interface and, for example, push augmented content to the WWP template; and (4) entering of one or more types of program specific information regarding a planned operation, as appropriate. As an example, a system may provide for WWP content to be manually edited. As an example, a WWP file and / or content therein may be versioned. As an example, a WWP file may be quality checked and “published” (e.g., as an approved version ready for implementation, etc.).

[0112] As an example, a knowledge system may include a document store, a vector database, a retriever, and a retriever interface tool. As an example, documents from the document store may be parsed for images, tables, text, instructions, etc., which may be represented as vectors, etc., for storage in the vector database. As an example, a retriever may be provided that can perform semantic searches based upon input from a retriever interface.

[0113] As an example, the system 900 may provide fortracking of interventions (e.g., well work programs, etc.) performed for a well where, for example, most recent intervention information as may be in the form of a digital well work program file may be accessed for purposes of expediting populating a well work program template where, for example, one or more portions of the template may be populated via interactions with a retrieval component operatively coupled to one or more databases. For example, consider a well work program template that may be generated initially based on the last intervention where queries may be formulated for aspects of the prior well work program that may differfrom a current, proposed well work program. In such an example, the number of interactions with a database (e.g., a vector database) may be reduced while providing assurances as to relevance of populated fields of a template given that one or more fields may be populated based on the most recent well work program implemented for a well (e.g., the most recent intervention, etc.).

[0114] As an example, the system 900 may operate using one or more databases where, for example, one database may store templates and / or completed templates for a well and where another database may store information from source documentation in a particular representation such as, for example, a vector representation where a retrieval component interacts with that database (e.g.,response to queries formulated according to what information is required to complete a well work program template, etc.).

[0115] As shown in the example of FIG. 9, a prior well work program may be stored in a data store and accessed for purposes of tailoring a template, queries of a template, automatically populating a portion of a template, etc. In such an example, a GUI may present information from a prior well work program template with one or more indicators, for example, as to source (e.g., from the intervention performed on date XYZ, for actions ZYX, etc.). In such an example, confidence as to the information may be high where appropriate, particularly where a current proposed well work program is sufficiently close to the prior well work program (e.g., in terms of actions, depth, etc.).

[0116] FIG. 10 shows an example of a workflow 1002 and examples of various workflow processes 1004 as may provide for interactions with one or more GUIs 1006, one or more databases 1008, etc. As an example, the workflow 1002 and the workflow processes 1004 may be implemented by a system. As shown, the workflow 1002 includes a PDF file block 1010, a text extraction block 1020, an LLM block 1030, and a structured data block 1040. For example, consider a workflow that includes accessing work programs as PDF files, extracting information from the PDF files, processing the extracted information using one or LLMs (e.g., for extraction of relevant fields, structuring data, working on chunks of data, etc.), and outputting structured data. In such an example, the structured data may include data represented as vectors, which may be suitable for generation of a vector database (e.g., an Al database). For example, an LLM may provide for structuring information as representations in a vector space.

[0117] In FIG. 10, the workflow processes 1004 are shown as including access to data, extraction of image files, generation of cloud-based retrieval structures in a cloud platform, generation of search-based output (e.g., in a tabular form, etc.), linking of output to generate joined output, utilization of one or more Al technologies that may provide for LLM prompts and / or settings (e.g., a chatbot type of interface), generation of LLM output as to work program details, and performance of one or more quality control processes to generate quality assured work program details. As indicated, the workflow processes 1004 may provide for interactions with the GUI 1006 and / or the database(s) 1008.

[0118] In the example of FIG. 10, the GUI 1006 includes various graphical controls, which may include a graphical control for selection of an LLM (e.g., GPT-4, etc.) and for one or more prompt options (e.g., managed prompt, advanced prompt, define task that a prompt is to fulfill, etc.). Additionally, the GUI 1006 may include input graphical controls, for example, as to descriptions, columns, etc. As shown, a description may be for a type, category, class, etc., of documentation (e.g., daily drilling reports (DDRs)). As shown in the GU1 1006, data may be output in a particular format, which may involve use of a language such as JSON, etc. As explained, output may be executable in that output may include instructions that may provide for control of one or more machines.

[0119] As to JSON (JavaScript Object Notation), it may be considered to be a type of relatively lightweight data-interchange format. JSON may provide for human reading and machine parsing, interpreting, execution, generation, etc. JSON is based on a subset of the JavaScript Programming Language and may be cast in a text format that may be language independent yet utilize one or more conventions that may be relevant to one or more languages, such as, for example, C, C++, C#, JAVA, JavaScript, PERL, PYTHON, etc. As an example, JSON may be utilized for various functions, which can include use as a data-interchange language.

[0120] A large language model (LLM) may be a type of language model notable for its ability to achieve general-purpose language understanding and generation. An LLM may acquire abilities by using relatively massive amounts of data to learn parameters (e.g., determine parameter values, etc.) during training. An LLM may be an artificial neural network or networks (e.g., consider a transformer, etc.) and may be trained and / or pre-trained using one or more types of learning (e.g., self-supervised learning, semi-supervised learning, unsupervised learning, etc.).

[0121] As an example, an autoregressive language model (e.g., AR LLM) may operate by taking input text and repeatedly predicting a next token or word. As an example, an LLM may be tuned, for example, for a particular domain. As an example, an LLM such as the Generative Pretrained Transformer (GPT) 3 (GPT-3) may be prompt-engineered. As an example, an LLM may acquire embodied knowledge about syntax, semantics and ontology inherent in human language corpora; noting that an LLM may also acquire inaccuracies and biases present in one or more corpora.

[0122] As an example, a foundational GPT model may be further adapted to produce more targeted systems directed to specific tasks and / or subject-matter domains. Techniques for such adaptation may include additional fine-tuning (e.g., beyond tuning of a foundation model, etc.), certain forms of prompt engineering, etc. As an example, an LLM may be a chatbot type of LLM. For example, consider the OpenAI ChatGPT LLM, which is an online chat interface powered by an instruction- tuned language model trained in a similar fashion to InstructGPT. Other chatbots may include features of GPT-4 (OpenAI), Bard (e.g., LaMDA family of conversation-trained language models, PaLM, etc.) (Google, Mountain View, California), etc.

[0123] As an example, a LLM Meta Al (LLaMA) LLM may be utilized, which includes a transformer architecture; noting some architectural differences compared to GPT-3. For example, LLaMA utilizes the SwiGLU activation function rather than ReLU, uses rotary positional embeddings rather than absolute positional embedding, and uses root-mean-squared layer-normalization rather than standard layernormalization. Further, there may be an increase in context length from 2K (Llama 1 ) tokens to 4K (Llama 2) tokens between.

[0124] As an example, a system may implement a RAG approach (e.g., a Retrieval Augmented Generator) that may provide an LLM with additional information from an external knowledge source. In such an example, the LLM may be able to generate more accurate and contextual answers while reducing hallucinations. As an example, one or more features described in an article by Lewis et al. may be utilized (see “Retrieval-augmented generation for knowledge-intensive NLP tasks”, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 33, 9459-9474 (2020), which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety).

[0125] A RAG architecture provides for more flexibility through combination of a generative model with a retriever component to provide additional information, for example, from one or more external knowledge sources, which may be, in various instances, updated more readily.

[0126] A RAG architecture has been likened to an open-book exam, as additional information can be provided to an LLM such that the LLM generates a “better” response to a query. As an example, factual knowledge may be effectively separated from an LLM’s reasoning capability and stored in an external knowledge source, which may be readily accessed and, as appropriate, updated. As an example,a RAG architecture may provide for parameter knowledge (e.g., learned during training that is implicitly stored in neural network weights) and non-parametric knowledge (e.g., stored in an external knowledge source, such as a vector database).

[0127] As an example, a system may include one or more vector databases. For example, consider creation of a vector database by using an OpenAI embedding model that may be implemented to convert documents into vector representatives. In such an approach, the documents may be or include various types of data (e.g., image, tabular, text, sensor, etc.) for a well or wells. For example, consider an approach that generates one or more vector databases for a well.

[0128] As explained, a system may operate with or without a human-in-the-loop (HITL). For example, a system may operate in an automated and / or a semi-automated manner to improve risks assessment and / or operational control of field operations at a rigsite (e.g., at a wellsite where a well borehole is being drilled).

[0129] As an example, a system may provide for single well (e.g., single rigsite) and / or multiple wells (e.g., multiple rigsites). As an example, where multiple wellsites are involved, a batch of queries (e.g., questionnaires) may be generated where individual queries may be broken out and processed individually.

[0130] FIG. 11 shows an example of a method 1100 that a reception block 1110 for receiving queries for a well work program; a retrieval block 1120 for, responsive to the queries, retrieving data from a database to populate a well work program template; a generation block 1130 for generating a graphical user interface based on the populated well work program template; and a generation block 1140 for, responsive to interactions with the graphical user interface, generating a well work program file that specifies actions to perform the well work program.

[0131] FIG. 11 also shows various computer-readable media (CRM) blocks 1111 , 1121 , 1131 , and 1141. Such blocks may include instructions that are executable by one or more processors, which may be one or more processors of a computational framework, a system, a computer, etc. A computer-readable medium may be a computer-readable storage medium that is not a signal, not a carrier wave and that is non-transitory. For example, a computer-readable medium may be a physical memory component that may store information in a digital format.

[0132] In the example of FIG. 11 , a system 1190 includes one or more information storage devices 1191 , one or more computers 1192, one or more networks1195 and instructions 1196. As to the one or more computers 1192, each computer may include one or more processors (e.g., or processing cores) 1193 and a memory 1194 for storing the instructions 1 196, for example, executable by at least one of the one or more processors. As an example, a computer may include one or more network interfaces (e.g., wired or wireless), one or more graphics cards, a display interface (e.g., wired or wireless), etc. The system 1190 may be specially configured to perform one or more portions of the method 1100 of FIG. 11 .

[0133] As to types of machine learning models, consider one or more of a support vector machine (SVM) model, a k-nearest neighbors (KNN) model, an ensemble classifier model, a neural network (NN) model, etc. As an example, a machine learning model may be a deep learning model (e.g., deep Boltzmann machine, deep belief network, convolutional neural network, stacked auto-encoder, etc.), an ensemble model (e.g., random forest, gradient boosting machine, bootstrapped aggregation, AdaBoost, stacked generalization, gradient boosted regression tree, etc.), a neural network model (e.g., radial basis function network, perceptron, back-propagation, Hopfield network, etc.), a regularization model (e.g., ridge regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, elastic net, least angle regression), a rule system model (e.g., cubist, one rule, zero rule, repeated incremental pruning to produce error reduction), a regression model (e.g., linear regression, ordinary least squares regression, stepwise regression, multivariate adaptive regression splines, locally estimated scatterplot smoothing, logistic regression, etc.), a Bayesian model (e.g., naive Bayes, average on-dependence estimators, Bayesian belief network, Gaussian naive Bayes, multinomial naive Bayes, Bayesian network), a decision tree model (e.g., classification and regression tree, iterative dichotomiser 3, C4.5, C5.0, chi-squared automatic interaction detection, decision stump, conditional decision tree, M5), a dimensionality reduction model (e.g., principal component analysis, partial least squares regression, Sammon mapping, multidimensional scaling, projection pursuit, principal component regression, partial least squares discriminant analysis, mixture discriminant analysis, quadratic discriminant analysis, regularized discriminant analysis, flexible discriminant analysis, linear discriminant analysis, etc.), an instance model (e.g., k-nearest neighbor, learning vector quantization, self-organizing map, locally weighted learning, etc.), aclustering model (e.g., k-means, k-medians, expectation maximization, hierarchical clustering, etc.), etc.

[0134] As an example, a machine model, which may be a machine learning model (ML model), may be built using a computational framework with a library, a toolbox, etc., such as, for example, those of the MATLAB framework (MathWorks, Inc., Natick, Massachusetts). The MATLAB framework includes a toolbox that provides supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms, including support vector machines (SVMs), boosted and bagged decision trees, k-nearest neighbor (KNN), k- means, k-medoids, hierarchical clustering, Gaussian mixture models, and hidden Markov models. Another MATLAB framework toolbox is the Deep Learning Toolbox (DLT), which provides a framework for designing and implementing deep neural networks with algorithms, pretrained models, and apps. The DLT provides convolutional neural networks (ConvNets, CNNs) and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks to perform classification and regression on image, time-series, and text data. The DLT includes features to build network architectures such as generative adversarial networks (GANs) and Siamese networks using custom training loops, shared weights, and automatic differentiation. The DLT provides for model exchange various other frameworks.

[0135] As an example, the TENSORFLOW framework (Google LLC, Mountain View, CA) may be implemented, which is an open-source software library for dataflow programming that includes a symbolic math library, which may be implemented for machine learning applications that may include neural networks. As an example, the CAFFE framework may be implemented, which is a DL framework developed by Berkeley Al Research (BAIR) (University of California, Berkeley, California). As another example, consider the SCIKIT platform (e.g., scikit-leam), which utilizes the PYTHON programming language. As an example, a framework such as the APOLLO Al framework may be utilized (APOLLO.AI GmbH, Germany). As an example, a framework such as the PYTORCH framework may be utilized (Facebook Al Research Lab (FAIR), Facebook, Inc., Menlo Park, California).

[0136] As an example, a training method may include various actions that may operate on a dataset to train a ML model. As an example, a dataset may be split into training data and test data where test data may provide for evaluation. A method mayinclude cross-validation of parameters and best parameters, which may be provided for model training.

[0137] The TENSORFLOW framework may run on multiple CPUs and GPUs (with optional CUDA (NVIDIA Corp., Santa Clara, California) and SYCL (The Khronos Group Inc., Beaverton, Oregon) extensions for general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPUs)). TENSORFLOW is available on 64-bit LINUX, MACOS (Apple Inc., Cupertino, California), WINDOWS (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, Washington), and mobile computing platforms including ANDROID (Google LLC, Mountain View, California) and IOS (Apple Inc.) operating system-based platforms.

[0138] TENSORFLOW computations may be expressed as stateful dataflow graphs; noting that the name TENSORFLOW derives from the operations that such neural networks perform on multidimensional data arrays. Such arrays may be referred to as “tensors”.

[0139] As an example, a method can include receiving queries for a well work program; responsive to the queries, retrieving data from a database to populate a well work program template; generating a graphical user interface based on the populated well work program template; and, responsive to interactions with the graphical user interface, generating a well work program file that specifies actions to perform the well work program. In such an example, generation of a graphical user interface can include generating instructions and transmitting instructions for rendering of the graphical user interface, which may be rendered to one or more displays locally and / or remotely.

[0140] As an example, a system may be a distributed system that may operate via a web or other network interface, for example, in a client-server type of architecture, etc. As an example, a distributed system may be at least in part a cloud platformbased system where, for example, interactions may be performed via use of one or more GUI and / or other interfaces, which may include one or more data interfaces (e.g., for sensor data, data from one or more databases, etc.).

[0141] As an example, a database may be or include a vector database generated using source documentation for historical well work programs. In such an example, a well work program file can include references to one or more sources of the source documentation. As an example, source documentation can include one or more of images, tables, and text. As an example, source documentation may includecontrol instructions where, for example, the control instructions may be executable by a controller to control one or more pieces of equipment to perform at least a portion of a specified action of a well work program. As an example, one or more digital files may be generated and transmitted to one or more controllers to control performance of one or more field operations (e.g., as part of a well work program, etc.).

[0142] As an example, a graphical user interface may include at least one graphical control to accept or reject an entry in a populated well work program template. In such an example, the graphical user interface may include a graphic indicative of relevance of an entry in the populated well work program template. As an example, such a graphic indicative of relevance may be based at least in part on a similarity search of a database using one of one or more queries. As an example, a populated well work program template may be partially populated using responses received via a database search using a retriever component. As an example, a populated well work program template may be partially populated using information from a prior well work program such as, for example, an immediately prior (e.g., the last) well work program performed for a well. As an example, a populated well work program template may include one or more default values that may be from one or more sources where, for example, indication as to status as default values and / or relevance and / or confidence may be indicated.

[0143] As an example, one of a number of actions to perform a well work program may include a conveyance action to convey equipment in a borehole to a particular depth in the borehole. In such an example, the equipment may include logging equipment and / or hydraulic fracturing equipment.

[0144] As an example, a well work program file may be or include a spreadsheet file and / or a portable document format file.

[0145] As an example, a method may include accessing one or more databases to retrieve information for a last implemented well work program and populating at least a portion of a well work program template using at least a portion of the information.

[0146] As an example, a method may include revising a well work program file based at least in part on one or more actions actually performed. In such an example, the method may include comparing specified actions to perform a well work programto one or more actions actually performed. As an example, a method may include adding a revised well work program file to one or more databases.

[0147] As an example, a method may include updating a database responsive to performance of one or more specified actions or a well work program.

[0148] As an example, a system can include a processor; a memory accessible by the processor; processor-executable instructions stored in the memory and executable to instruct the system to: receive queries for a well work program; responsive to the queries, retrieve data from a database to populate a well work program template; generate a graphical user interface based on the populated well work program template; and, responsive to interactions with the graphical user interface, generate a well work program file that specifies actions to perform the well work program.

[0149] As an example, one or more computer-readable storage media can include processor-executable instructions to instruct a computing system to: receive queries for a well work program; responsive to the queries, retrieve data from a database to populate a well work program template; generate a graphical user interface based on the populated well work program template; and, responsive to interactions with the graphical user interface, generate a well work program file that specifies actions to perform the well work program.

[0150] As an example, a method may be implemented in part using computer- readable media (CRM), for example, as a module, a block, etc. that include information such as instructions suitable for execution by one or more processors (or processor cores) to instruct a computing device or system to perform one or more actions. As an example, a single medium may be configured with instructions to allow for, at least in part, performance of various actions of a method. As an example, a computer- readable medium (CRM) may be a computer-readable storage medium (e.g., a non- transitory medium) that is not a carrier wave. As an example, a computer-program product may include instructions suitable for execution by one or more processors (or processor cores) where the instructions may be executed to implement at least a portion of a method or methods.

[0151] According to an embodiment, one or more computer-readable media may include computer-executable instructions to instruct a computing system to output information for controlling a process. For example, such instructions may provide foroutput to sensing process, an injection process, drilling process, an extraction process, an extrusion process, a pumping process, a heating process, etc.

[0152] In some embodiments, a method or methods may be executed by a computing system. FIG. 12 shows an example of a system 1200 that may include one or more computing systems 1201-1 , 1201-2, 1201-3 and 1201-4, which may be operatively coupled via one or more networks 1209, which may include wired and / or wireless networks.

[0153] As an example, a system may include an individual computer system or an arrangement of distributed computer systems. In the example of FIG. 12, the computer system 1201-1 may include one or more modules 1202, which may be or include processor-executable instructions, for example, executable to perform various tasks (e.g., receiving information, requesting information, processing information, simulation, outputting information, etc.).

[0154] As an example, a module may be executed independently, or in coordination with, one or more processors 1204, which is (or are) operatively coupled to one or more storage media 1206 (e.g., via wire, wirelessly, etc.). As an example, one or more of the one or more processors 1204 may be operatively coupled to at least one of one or more network interface 1207. In such an example, the computer system 1201 -1 may transmit and / or receive information, for example, via the one or more networks 1209 (e.g., consider one or more of the Internet, a private network, a cellular network, a satellite network, etc.). As shown, one or more other components 1208 may be included in the computer system 1201-1.

[0155] As an example, the computer system 1201-1 may receive from and / or transmit information to one or more other devices, which may be or include, for example, one or more of the computer systems 1201-2, etc. A device may be located in a physical location that differs from that of the computer system 1201 -1. As an example, a location may be, for example, a processing facility location, a data center location (e.g., serverfarm, etc.), a rig location, a wellsite location, a downhole location, etc.

[0156] As an example, a processor may be or include a microprocessor, microcontroller, processor module or subsystem, programmable integrated circuit, programmable gate array, or another control or computing device.

[0157] As an example, the storage media 1206 may be implemented as one or more computer-readable or machine-readable storage media. As an example, storage may be distributed within and / or across multiple internal and / or external enclosures of a computing system and / or additional computing systems.

[0158] As an example, a storage medium or storage media may include one or more different forms of memory including semiconductor memory devices such as dynamic or static random access memories (DRAMs or SRAMs), erasable and programmable read-only memories (EPROMs), electrically erasable and programmable read-only memories (EEPROMs) and flash memories, magnetic disks such as fixed, floppy and removable disks, other magnetic media including tape, optical media such as compact disks (CDs) or digital video disks (DVDs), BLUERAY disks, or other types of optical storage, or other types of storage devices.

[0159] As an example, a storage medium or media may be located in a machine running machine-readable instructions, or located at a remote site from which machine-readable instructions may be downloaded over a network for execution.

[0160] As an example, various components of a system such as, for example, a computer system, may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both hardware and software (e.g., including firmware), including one or more signal processing and / or application specific integrated circuits.

[0161] As an example, a system may include a processing apparatus that may be or include a general-purpose processors or application specific chips (e.g., or chipsets), such as ASICs, FPGAs, PLDs, or other appropriate devices.

[0162] As an example, a device may be a mobile device that includes one or more network interfaces for communication of information. For example, a mobile device may include a wireless network interface (e.g., operable via IEEE 802.11 , ETSI GSM, BLUETOOTH, satellite, etc.). As an example, a mobile device may include components such as a main processor, memory, a display, display graphics circuitry (e.g., optionally including touch and gesture circuitry), a SIM slot, audio / video circuitry, motion processing circuitry (e.g., accelerometer, gyroscope), wireless LAN circuitry, smart card circuitry, transmitter circuitry, GPS circuitry, and a battery. As an example, a mobile device may be configured as a cell phone, a tablet, etc. As an example, a method may be implemented (e.g., wholly or in part) using a mobile device. As an example, a system may include one or more mobile devices.

[0163] As an example, a system may be a distributed environment, for example, a so-called “cloud” environment where various devices, components, etc. interact for purposes of data storage, communications, computing, etc. As an example, a device or a system may include one or more components for communication of information via one or more of the Internet (e.g., where communication occurs via one or more Internet protocols), a cellular network, a satellite network, etc. As an example, a method may be implemented in a distributed environment (e.g., wholly or in part as a cloud-based service).

[0164] As an example, information may be input from a display (e.g., consider a touchscreen), output to a display or both. As an example, information may be output to a projector, a laser device, a printer, etc. such that the information may be viewed. As an example, information may be output stereographically or holographically. As to a printer, consider a 2D or a 3D printer. As an example, a 3D printer may include one or more substances that may be output to construct a 3D object. For example, data may be provided to a 3D printer to construct a 3D representation of a subterranean formation. As an example, layers may be constructed in 3D (e.g., horizons, etc.), geobodies constructed in 3D, etc. As an example, holes, fractures, etc., may be constructed in 3D (e.g., as positive structures, as negative structures, etc.).

[0165] Although only a few examples have been described in detail above, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible in the examples. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this disclosure as defined in the following claims. In the claims, meansplus-function clauses are intended to cover the structures described herein as performing the recited function and not only structural equivalents, but also equivalent structures. Thus, although a nail and a screw may not be structural equivalents in that a nail employs a cylindrical surface to secure wooden parts together, whereas a screw employs a helical surface, in the environment of fastening wooden parts, a nail and a screw may be equivalent structures.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A method comprising: receiving queries for a well work program; responsive to the queries, retrieving data from a database to populate a well work program template; generating a graphical user interface based on the populated well work program template; and responsive to interactions with the graphical user interface, generating a well work program file that specifies actions to perform the well work program.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the database comprises a vector database generated using source documentation for historical well work programs.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the well work program file comprises references to one or more sources of the source documentation.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein the source documentation comprises images, tables, and text.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the source documentation comprises control instructions.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the control instructions are executable by a controller to control one or more pieces of equipment to perform at least a portion of a specified action of the well work program.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the graphical user interface comprises at least one graphical control to accept or reject an entry in the populated well work program template.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the graphical user interface comprises a graphic indicative of relevance of an entry in the populated well work program template.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the graphic indicative of relevance is based at least in part on a similarity search of the database using one of the queries.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein one of the actions to perform the well work program comprises a conveyance action to convey equipment in a borehole to a particular depth in the borehole.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the equipment comprises logging equipment.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein the equipment comprises hydraulic fracturing equipment.

13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the well work program file comprises a spreadsheet file or a portable document format file.

14. The method of claim 1 , comprising accessing another database to retrieve information for a last implemented well work program and populating at least a portion of the well work program template using at least a portion of the information.

15. The method of claim 1 , comprising revising the well work program file based at least in part on one or more actions actually performed.

16. The method of claim 15, comprising comparing the specified actions to perform the well work program to the one or more actions actually performed.

17. The method of claim 15, comprising adding the revised well work program file to the database.

18. The method of claim 1 , comprising updating the database responsive to performance of one or more of the specified actions.

19. A system comprising: a processor; a memory accessible by the processor; processor-executable instructions stored in the memory and executable to instruct the system to: receive queries for a well work program; responsive to the queries, retrieve data from a database to populate a well work program template; generate a graphical user interface based on the populated well work program template; and responsive to interactions with the graphical user interface, generate a well work program file that specifies actions to perform the well work program.

20. One or more computer-readable storage media comprising processor-executable instructions to instruct a computing system to: receive queries for a well work program; responsive to the queries, retrieve data from a database to populate a well work program template; generate a graphical user interface based on the populated well work program template; and responsive to interactions with the graphical user interface, generate a well work program file that specifies actions to perform the well work program.

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