Orthogonal precoding codebook for uniform linear array or cross-polarized array

Abstract

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A network entity may transmit channel state information (CSI) reference signals (CSI-RSs) to a user equipment (UE). A user equipment (UE) may perform measurements on channel state information (CSI) reference signals (CSI-RSs) and may generate a CSI report based on the measurements and an indicated codebook. The CSIRSs may be transmitted via an antenna array such as a uniform linear array (ULA). Antenna spacing at the ULA may be selected as λ / 2, where λ refers to the wavelength. A precoding codebook for a ULA or a two-dimensional cross polarized array may ensure unitary precoding matrices for an antenna spacing of λ / 2. The codebooks may be generated such that for an antenna spacing of λ / 2 for any initial beam angle, the additional beam angles may be orthogonal with the initial beam angle (e.g., the precoding matrices may be unitary).

Description

ORTHOGONAL PRECODING CODEBOOK FOR UNIFORM LINEAR ARRAY OR CROSS-POLARIZED ARRAYCROSS REFERENCE

[0001] The present Application for Patent claims priority to Israel Patent Application No. 311605 by Pick et al., entitled “ORTHOGONAL PRECODING CODEBOOK FOR UNIFORM LINEAR ARRAY OR CROSS-POLARIZED ARRAY,” filed March 20, 2024, which is assigned to the assignee hereof and expressly incorporated by reference herein.INTRODUCTION

[0002] The following relates to wireless communications that pertain to orthogonal precoding codebook for uniform linear array or cross-polarized array.

[0003] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple-access communications system may include one or more base stations, each supporting wireless communication for communication devices, which may be known as user equipment (UE).SUMMARY

[0004] The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses that support orthogonal precoding codebook for uniform linear array (ULA) or cross-polarized array. A network entity may transmit channel state information (CSI)reference signals (CSI-RSs) to a user equipment (UE). The UE may perform measurements on the CSI-RS(s) and may generate a CSI report based on the measurements of the CSI-RSs and an indicated codebook. The network entity may transmit CSI-RSs via an antenna array such as a ULA. Antenna spacing at the ULA may be selected as A / 2 such that the antennas are far enough away from each other to be considered uncorrelated and close enough that grating lobes do not appear at un-desired angles, where A refers to the wavelength. A precoding codebook for a ULA or a two- dimensional cross polarized array may ensure unitary precoding matrices for an antenna spacing of A / 2. The codebooks may be generated such that for an antenna spacing of A / 2 for any initial beam angle, the additional beam angles may be orthogonal with the initial beam angle (e.g., the precoding matrices may be unitary ), and accordingly the selected beams may not interfere at the receiving device.

[0005] A method for wireless communications by a first network entity is described. The method may include receiving, from a second network entity, information that indicates a codebook type associated with a CSI report procedure, where the codebook ty pe is one of an orthogonal ULA type codebook or an orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array codebook type, receiving, from the second network entity, one or more CSI-RSs, and transmitting, to the second network entity, a CSI report that includes a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) in accordance with the codebook t pe and the CSI report procedure.

[0006] A first network entity for wireless communications is described. The first network entity may include a processing system configure to: receive, from a second network entity, information that indicates a codebook t pe associated with a CSI report procedure, where the codebook type is one of an orthogonal ULA type codebook or an orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array codebook ty pe, receive, from the second network entity, one or more CSI-RSs, and transmit, to the second network entity, a CSI report that includes a PMI in accordance with the codebook type and the CSI report procedure.

[0007] Another first network entity for wireless communications is described. The first network entity' may include means for receiving, from a second network entity7, information that indicates a codebook type associated with a CSI report procedure,where the codebook type is one of an orthogonal ULA type codebook or an orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array codebook type, means for receiving, from the second network entity', one or more CSI-RSs, and means for transmitting, to the second network entity, a CSI report that includes a PMI in accordance with the codebook type and the CSI report procedure.

[0008] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication thereon is described. The code, when executed by a first network entity, causes the first network entity to: receive, from a second network entity, information that indicates a codebook type associated with a CSI report procedure, where the codebook type is one of an orthogonal ULA type codebook or an orthogonal two- dimensional cross polarized array codebook ty pe, receive, from the second network entity, one or more CSI-RSs, and transmit, to the second network entity, a CSI report that includes a PMI in accordance with the codebook type and the CSI report procedure.

[0009] In some examples of the method, first network entities, and non-transitory’ computer-readable medium described herein, receiving the information that indicates the codebook type may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving an indication of an index associated with the codebook ty pe, where a set of multiple codebook types may be associated with a set of multiple respective indices, and where the set of multiple codebook types include the codebook type.

[0010] In some examples of the method, first network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the PMI may be indicative of a selected precoding matrix from a set of multiple precoding matrices associated with the codebook type.

[0011] In some examples of the method, first network entities, and non-transitory’ computer-readable medium described herein, each of the set of multiple precoding matrices may be a respective unitary’ matrix.

[0012] Some examples of the method, first network entities, and non-transitory’ computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from the second network entity, a data communication via a set of beams based on the PMI.

[0013] In some examples of the method, first network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the codebook type may be the orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array codebook type and the orthogonal two- dimensional cross polarized array codebook type includes a combination of four orthogonal ULA type codebooks.

[0014] In some examples of the method, first network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the combination includes, for each antenna element at the second network entity' used to transmit the one or more CSI-RSs, a normalized horizontal weight associated with a respective value from a horizontal column ULA type codebook multiplied by a respective value from a horizontal row ULA ty pe codebook and a normalized vertical weight associated with a respective value from a vertical column ULA ty pe codebook multiplied by a respective value from a vertical row ULA type codebook.

[0015] In some examples of the method, first network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, receiving the CSI-RSs may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving the one or more CSI-RSs at a wavelength, where the codebook type may be based on an antenna spacing at the second network entity used to transmit the one or more CSI-RSs being approximately equal to the wavelength divided by two.

[0016] A method for wireless communications by a second network entity is described. The method may include transmitting, to a first network entity, information that indicates a codebook type associated with a CSI report procedure, where the codebook type is one of an orthogonal ULA type codebook or an orthogonal two- dimensional cross polarized array codebook type, transmitting, to the first network entity’, one or more CSI-RSs, and receiving, from the first network entity, a CSI report that includes a PMI in accordance ith the codebook type and the CSI report procedure.

[0017] A second network entity' for wireless communications is described. The second network entity may include a processing system configured to: transmit, to a first network entity, information that indicates a codebook type associated with a CSI report procedure, where the codebook ty pe is one of an orthogonal ULA type codebook or an orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array codebook type, transmit, to thefirst network entity, one or more CSI-RSs, and receive, from the first network entity, a CSI report that includes a PMI in accordance with the codebook type and the CSI report procedure.

[0018] Another second network entity for wireless communications is described. The second network entity may include means for transmitting, to a first network entity, information that indicates a codebook type associated with a CSI report procedure, where the codebook type is one of an orthogonal ULA type codebook or an orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array codebook type, means for transmitting, to the first network entity, one or more CSI-RSs, and means for receiving, from the first network entity, a CSI report that includes a PMI in accordance with the codebook type and the CSI report procedure.

[0019] A non-transitoty computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication thereon is described. The code, when executed by a second network entity, causes the second network entity to: transmit, to a first network entity, information that indicates a codebook type associated with a CSI report procedure, where the codebook type is one of an orthogonal ULA type codebook or an orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array codebook type, transmit, to the first network entity, one or more CSI-RSs, and receive, from the first network entity, a CSI report that includes a PMI in accordance with the codebook type and the CSI report procedure.

[0020] In some examples of the method, second network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the information that indicates the codebook type may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting an indication of an index associated with the codebook type, where a set of multiple codebook types may be associated with a set of multiple respective indices, and where the set of multiple codebook types include the codebook type.

[0021] In some examples of the method, second network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the PMI may be indicative of a selected precoding matrix from a set of multiple precoding matrices associated with the codebook type.

[0022] In some examples of the method, second network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, each of the set of multiple precoding matrices may be a respective unitary matrix.

[0023] Some examples of the method, second network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, to the first network entity, a data communication via a set of beams based on the PMI.

[0024] In some examples of the method, second network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the codebook type may be the orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array codebook type and the orthogonal two- dimensional cross polarized array codebook type includes a combination of four orthogonal ULA type codebooks.

[0025] In some examples of the method, second network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the combination includes, for each antenna element at the second network entity used to transmit the one or more CSI-RSs, a normalized horizontal weight associated with a respective value from a horizontal column ULA type codebook multiplied by a respective value from a horizontal row ULA type codebook and a normalized vertical weight associated with a respective value from a vertical column ULA ty pe codebook multiplied by a respective value from a vertical row ULA type codebook.

[0026] In some examples of the method, second network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the one or more CSI-RSs may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting the one or more CSI-RSs at a wavelength, where the codebook type may be based on an antenna spacing at the second network entity used to transmit the one or more CSI-RSs being approximately equal to the wavelength divided by two.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports orthogonal precoding codebook for uniform linear array (ULA) or cross-polarized array in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 2 shows an example of a beam diagram that supports orthogonal precoding codebook for ULA or cross-polarized array in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 3 shows an example of an antenna array diagram that supports orthogonal precoding codebook for ULA or cross-polarized array in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 4 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports orthogonal precoding codebook for ULA or cross-polarized array in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG. 5 shows an example of a process flow that supports orthogonal preceding codebook for ULA or cross-polarized array in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0032] Figs. 6 and 7 show block diagrams of devices that support orthogonal precoding codebook for ULA or cross-polarized array in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0033] FIG. 8 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports orthogonal precoding codebook for ULA or cross-polarized array in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG. 9 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports orthogonal precoding codebook for ULA or cross-polarized array in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0035] Figs. 10 and 11 show block diagrams of devices that support orthogonal precoding codebook for ULA or cross-polarized array in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0036] FIG. 12 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports orthogonal precoding codebook for ULA or cross-polarized array in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0037] FIG. 13 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports orthogonal precoding codebook for ULA or cross-polarized array in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0038] Figs. 14 and 15 show flowcharts illustrating methods that support orthogonal precoding codebook for ULA or cross-polarized array in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] In wireless communications systems, a network entity may transmit channel state information (CS1) reference signals (CSl-RSs) to a user equipment (UE). The UE may perform measurements on the CSI-RS(s) and may generate a CSI report based on the measurements of the CSI-RSs. The UE may transmit the CSI report to the network entity such that the network entity may identify suitable configurations for communications with the UE. Different codebooks for generating the CSI report at the UE may be defined. For multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) applications, more than one data steam is transmitted, and accordingly a precoding matrix may be generated based on the codebook to j ointly select multiple beams for the multiple streams. The network entity may transmit CSI-RSs via an antenna array such as a uniform linear array (ULA). Antenna spacing at the ULA may be selected as 1 / 2 such that the antennas are far enough away from each other to be considered uncorrelated and close enough that grating lobes do not appear at un-desired angles, where refers to the wavelength. Some codebooks for ULAs having an antenna spacing of 1 / 2 may result in non-unitary precoding matrices, meaning that the rows of the matrix, and thus the selected beams, may not be orthogonal. Non-orthogonal beams may result in interference between the beams at the receiving device (e.g., the UE for downlink).

[0040] Aspects of this disclosure relate to a precoding codebook for a ULA or a two-dimensional cross polarized array that ensures unitary precoding matrices for an antenna spacing of 1 / 2. The codebooks may be generated such that for an antenna spacing of 1 / 2 for any initial beam angle, the additional beam angles may be orthogonal with the initial beam angle (e.g., the precoding matrices may be unitary). For example, for a ULA, such a codebook may be referred to as an orthogonal ULA codebook. The orthogonal codebook for a two-dimensional cross polarized array (e.g., an orthogonaltwo-dimensional cross polarized array codebook) may be generated via a normalized combination of 4 separated ULA codebooks. The new codebooks may be standardized, such that the network entity may signal a codebook index (e.g., in radio resource control (RRC) signaling) indicating to use one of an orthogonal ULA codebook when the network entity will transmit the CSLRSs using a ULA or an orthogonal two- dimensional cross polarized array codebook when the network entity will transmit the CSI-RSs using a two-dimensional cross polarized array. The UE may accordingly generate and report a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) that indicates a precoding matrix generated at the UE based on received CSI-RS(s) in accordance with the indicated codebook type. By using orthogonal codebooks for ULA and / or two-dimensional cross polarized arrays, an antenna spacing of A / 2 may be used that prevents grating lobes and results in uncorrelated antennas, and the selected beams may be orthogonal, resulting in avoidance of inter-beam interference.

[0041] Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communications systems. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to beam diagrams, antenna array diagrams, process flows, apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to orthogonal precoding codebook for ULA or cross-polarized array.

[0042] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports orthogonal precoding codebook for ULA or cross-polarized array in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more devices, such as one or more network devices (e.g., network entities 105), one or more UEs 115. and a core network 130. In some aspects, the wireless communications system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE- Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating in accordance with other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0043] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communications system 100 and may include devices in different forms or having different capabilities. In various aspects, a network entity 105 may be referred to as a network element, a mobility element, a radio access network (RAN)node, or network equipment, among other nomenclature. In some aspects, network entities 105 and UEs 115 may wirelessly communicate via communication link(s) 125 (e.g., a radio frequency (RF) access link). For example, a network entity 105 maysupport a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographic coverage area) over which the UEs 115 and the network entity 105 may establish the communication link(s) 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area over which a network entity 105 and a UE 115 may support the communication of signals according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs).

[0044] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout a coverage area 110 of the wireless communications system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary, or mobile, or both at different times. The UEs 115 may7be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. 1. The UEs 115 described herein may be capable of supporting communications with various types of devices in the wireless communications system 100 (e.g.. other wireless communication devices, including UEs 115 or network entities 105), as shown in FIG. 1.

[0045] As described herein, a network entity' (which may alternatively be referred to as an entity7, a node, a network node, or a wireless entity ) may be, be similar to, include, or be included in (e.g., be a component of) a base station (e.g., any base station described herein, including a disaggregated base station), a UE (e.g., any UE described herein), a reduced capability (RedCap) device, an enhanced reduced capability (eRedCap) device, an ambient intemet-of-things (loT) device, an energy harvesting (EH)-capable device, a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, an integrated access and backhauling (IAB) node, a distributed unit (DU), a central unit (CU), a remote / radio unit (RU) (which may also be referred to as a remote radio unit (RRU)), and / or another processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a network entity may be a UE. As another example, a network entity may be a base station. As used herein, “network entity" may refer to an entity that is configured to operate in a network, such as the network 105. For example, a “network entity ” is not limited to an entity7that is currently located in and / or currently operating in the network. Rather, a network entity7may be any entity7that is capable of communicating and / or operating in the network.

[0046] The adjectives ‘"first,” ‘"second,” "‘third,” and so on are used for contextual distinction between two or more of the modified noun in connection with a discussion and are not meant to be absolute modifiers that apply only to a certain respective entity throughout the entire document. For example, a network entity may be referred to as a "‘first network entity” in connection with one discussion and may be referred to as a “second network entity” in connection with another discussion, or vice versa. As an example, a first network entity may be configured to communicate with a second network entity or a third network entity. In one aspect of this example, the first network entity may be a UE, the second network entity may be a base station, and the third network entity may be a UE. In another aspect of this example, the first network entity may be a UE, the second network entity may be a base station, and the third network entity may be a base station. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third network entities may be different relative to these aspects.

[0047] Similarly, reference to a UE. base station, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like may include disclosure of the UE, base station, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like being a network entity. For example, disclosure that a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network entity is configured to receive information from a second network entity. Consistent with this disclosure, once a specific example is broadened in accordance with this disclosure (e.g., a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network entity7is configured to receive information from a second network entity), the broader example of the narrower example may be interpreted in the reverse, but in a broad open-ended way. In the example above where a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network entity is configured to receive information from a second network entity, the first network entity may refer to a first UE, a first base station, a first apparatus, a first device, a first computing system, a first set of one or more one or more components, a first processing entity, or the like configured to receive the information; and the second network entity may refer to a second UE, a second base station, a second apparatus, a second device, a second computing system, a second set of one or more components, a second processing entity, or the like.

[0048] As described herein, communication of information (e.g., any information, signal, or the like) may be described in various aspects using different terminology. Disclosure of one communication term includes disclosure of other communication terms. For example, a first network entity may be described as being configured to transmit information to a second network entity. In this example and consistent with this disclosure, disclosure that the first network entity is configured to transmit information to the second network entity includes disclosure that the first network entity is configured to provide, send, output, communicate, or transmit information to the second network entity. Similarly, in this example and consistent with this disclosure, disclosure that the first network entity is configured to transmit information to the second network entity includes disclosure that the second network entity is configured to receive, obtain, or decode the information that is provided, sent, output, communicated, or transmitted by the first network entity.

[0049] As shown, the network entity (e.g.. network entity 105) may include a processing system 106. Similarly, the network entity (e.g., UE 115) may include a processing system 112. A processing system may include one or more components (or subcomponents), such as one or more components described herein. For example, a respective component of the one or more components may be, be similar to, include, or be included in at least one memory, at least one communication interface, or at least one processor. For example, a processing system may include one or more components. In such an example, the one or more components may include a first component, a second component, and a third component. In this example, the first component may be coupled to a second component and a third component. In this example, the first component may be at least one processor, the second component may be a communication interface, and the third component may be at least one memory'. A processing system may generally be a system one or more components that may perform one or more functions, such as any function or combination of functions described herein. For example, one or more components may receive input information (e.g., any information that is an input, such as a signal, any digital information, or any other information), one or more components may process the input information to generate output information (e.g., any information that is an output, such as a signal or any other information), one or more components may perform any function as describedherein, or any combination thereof. As described herein, an “input” and “input information” may be used interchangeably. Similarly, as described herein, an “output” and “output information” may be used interchangeably. Any information generated by any component may be provided to one or more other systems or components of. for example, a network entity described herein). For example, a processing system may include a first component configured to receive or obtain information, a second component configured to process the information to generate output information, and / or a third component configured to provide the output information to other systems or components. In this example, the first component may be a communication interface (e.g., a first communication interface), the second component may be at least one processor (e.g., that is coupled to the communication interface and / or at least one memory), and the third component may be a communication interface (e.g., the first communication interface or a second communication interface). For example, a processing system may include at least one memory, at least one communication interface, and / or at least one processor, where the at least one processor may, for example, be coupled to the at least one memory and the at least one communication interface.

[0050] A processing system of a network entity described herein may interface with one or more other components of the network entity, may process information received from one or more other components (such as input information), or may output information to one or more other components. For example, a processing system may include a first component configured to interface with one or more other components of the network entity to receive or obtain information, a second component configured to process the information to generate one or more outputs, and / or a third component configured to output the one or more outputs to one or more other components. In this example, the first component may be a communication interface (e.g., a first communication interface), the second component may be at least one processor (e.g.. that is coupled to the communication interface and / or at least one memory), and the third component may be a communication interface (e.g., the first communication interface or a second communication interface). For example, a chip or modem of the network entity may include a processing system. The processing system may include a first communication interface to receive or obtain information, and a secondcommunication interface to output, transmit, or provide information. Tn some aspects, the first communication interface may be an interface configured to receive input information, and the information may be provided to the processing system. In some aspects, the second system interface may be configured to transmit information output from the chip or modem. The second communication interface may also obtain or receive input information, and the first communication interface may also output, transmit, or provide information.

[0051] In some aspects, network entities 105 may communicate with a core network 130, or with one another, or both. For example, network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130 via backhaul communication link(s) 120 (e.g., in accordance with an SI, N2, N3, or other interface protocol). In some aspects, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via backhaul communication link(s) 120 (e.g., in accordance with an X2, Xn, or other interface protocol) either directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 130). In some aspects, netw ork entities 105 may communicate with one another via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., in accordance with a midhaul interface protocol) or a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., in accordance with a fronthaul interface protocol), or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication link(s) 120, midhaul communication links 162, or fronthaul communication links 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., an electrical link, an optical fiber link) or one or more wireless links (e.g., a radio link, a wireless optical link), among other aspects or various combinations thereof. A UE 115 may communicate with the core network 130 via a communication link 155.

[0052] One or more of the network entities 105 or network equipment described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an NR base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB), a next-generation NodeB or giga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB), a 5G NB, a next-generation eNB (ng-eNB), a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or other suitable terminology). In some aspects, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, standalone) base station architecture, which may be configured to utilize aprotocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within one network entity (e.g., a network entity 105 or a single RAN node, such as a base station 140).

[0053] In some aspects, a network entity 105 may be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture), which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among multiple network entities (e.g., network entities 105), such as an integrated access and backhaul (TAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance), or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN)). For example, a network entity 105 may include one or more of a central unit (CU), such as a CU 160, a distributed unit (DU), such as a DU 165, a radio unit (RU), such as an RU 170, a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC), such as an RIC 175 (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC), a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC)), a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, such as an SMO system 180, or any combination thereof. An RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH), a remote radio unit (RRU), or a transmission reception point (TRP). One or more components of the network entities 105 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations). In some aspects, one or more of the network entities 105 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU), a virtual DU (VDU), a virtual RU (VRU)).

[0054] The split of functionality between a CU 160. a DU 165, and an RU 170 is flexible and may support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, or any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU 160 and a DU 165 such that the CU 160 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU 165 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some aspects, the CU 160 may host upper protocol layer (e.g., layer 3 (L3), layer 2 (L2)) functionality and signaling (e.g., RRC, service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP)). The CU 160 (e.g., one or more CUs) may be connected to a DU 165 (e.g.. one or more DUs) or an RU 170 (e.g.. one or more RUs).or some combination thereof, and the DUs 165, RUs 170, or both may host lower protocol layers, such as layer 1 (LI) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU 165 and an RU 170 such that the DU 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or multiple different RUs, such as an RU 170). In some cases, a functional split between a CU 160 and a DU 165 or between a DU 165 and an RU 170 may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170. while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU 160, the DU 165, or the RU 170). A CU 160 may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU 160 may be connected to a DU 165 via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., Fl, Fl-c, Fl-u), and a DU 165 may be connected to an RU 170 via a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface). In some aspects, a midhaul communication link 162 or a fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities (e.g., one or more of the network entities 105) that are in communication via such communication links.

[0055] In some wireless communications systems (e.g., the wireless communications system 100), infrastructure and spectral resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to a core network 130). In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more of the network entities 105 (e.g., netw ork entities 105 or IAB node(s) 104) may be partially controlled by each other. The IAB node(s) 104 may be referred to as a donor entity or an IAB donor. A DU 165 or an RU 170 may be partially controlled by a CU 160 associated with a netw ork entity 105 or base station 140 (such as a donor network entity or a donor base station). The one or more donor entities (e.g., IAB donors) may be in communication with one or more additional devices (e.g., IAB node(s) 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaulcommunication link(s) 120). TAB node(s) 104 may include an IAB mobile termination (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) of a coupled IAB donor. An IAB-MT may be equipped with an independent set of antennas for relay of communications with UEs 115 or may share the same antennas (e.g., of an RU 170) of IAB node(s) 104 used for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node(s) 104 (e.g., referred to as virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT)). In some aspects, the IAB node(s) 104 may include one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) that support communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB node(s) 104, UEs 115) within the relay chain or configuration of the access network (e.g., downstream). In such cases, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., the IAB node(s) 104 or components of the IAB node(s) 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.

[0056] In the case of the techniques described herein applied in the context of a disaggregated RAN architecture, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured to support test as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by a UE 115 or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may additionally, or alternatively, be performed by one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., components such as an IAB node, a DU 165, a CU 160, an RU 170, an RIC 175, an SMO system 180).

[0057] A UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where the ‘‘device'’ may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other aspects. A UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some aspects, a UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (loT) device, an Internet of Everything (loE) device, or a machine type communications (MTC) device, among other aspects, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances, vehicles, or meters, among other aspects.

[0058] The UEs 115 described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as UEs 115 that may sometimes operate as relays, as well as thenetwork entities 105 and the network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, among other aspects, as show n in FIG. 1.

[0059] The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may wirelessly communicate with one another via the communication link(s) 125 (e.g., one or more access links) using resources associated with one or more earners. The term “carrier’ may refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a defined PHY layer structure for supporting the communication link(s) 125. For example, a carrier used for the communication link(s) 125 may include a portion of an RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP)) that is operated according to one or more PHY layer channels for a given RAT (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR). Each PHY layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information), control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communications system 100 may support communication with a UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. A UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used with both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD) component carriers. Communication between a network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication betw een the devices and any portion (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of a network entity 105. For example, the terms “transmitting,” “receiving,” or “communicating,” when referring to a network entity 105, may refer to any portion of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a CU 160, a DU 165. a RU 170) of a RAN communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities, such as one or more of the netw ork entities 105).

[0060] The communication link(s) 125 of the w ireless communications system 100 may include downlink transmissions (e.g., forward link transmissions) from a network entity 105 to a UE 115, uplink transmissions (e.g., return link transmissions) from a UE 115 to a netw ork entity 105, or both, among other configurations of transmissions. Carriers may carry downlink or uplink communications (e.g., in an FDD mode) or maybe configured to carry- downlink and uplink communications (e.g., in a TDD mode).

[0061] A carrier may be associated w ith a particular bandwidth of the RF spectrum and, in some aspects, the carrier bandwidth may be referred to as a “system bandwidth”of the carrier or the wireless communications system 100. For example, the carrier bandwidth may be one of a set of bandwidths for carriers of a particular RAT (e.g., 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, or 80 megahertz (MHz)). Devices of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g.. the network entities 105. the UEs 115. or both) may have hardware configurations that support communications using a particular carrier bandwidth or may be configurable to support communications using one of a set of carrier bandwidths. In some aspects, the wireless communications system 100 may include network entities 105 or UEs 115 that support concurrent communications using carriers associated with multiple carrier bandwidths. In some aspects, each served UE 115 may be configured for operating using portions (e g., a sub-band, a BWP) or all of a carrier bandwidth.

[0062] Signal waveforms transmitted via a carrier may be made up of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM)). In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may refer to resources of one symbol period (e.g., a duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The quantity of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both), such that a relatively higher quantity of resource elements (e.g., in a transmission duration) and a relatively higher order of a modulation scheme may correspond to a relatively higher rate of communication. A wireless communications resource may refer to a combination of an RF spectrum resource, a time resource, and a spatial resource (e.g., a spatial layer, a beam), and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity for communications with a UE 115.

[0063] One or more numerologies for a carrier may be supported, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing (A / ) and a cyclic prefix. A carrier may be divided into one or more BWPs having the same or different numerologies. In some aspects, a UE 115 may be configured with multiple BWPs. In some aspects, a single BWP for a carrier may be active at a given time and communications for the UE 115 may be restricted to one or more active BWPs.

[0064] The time intervals for the network entities 105 or the UEs 1 15 may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit which may, for example, refer to a sampling period of Ts= l / fmax■ Nf) seconds, for which fmaxmay represent a supported subcarrier spacing, and N may represent a supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size. Time intervals of a communications resource may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms)). Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023).

[0065] Each frame may include multiple consecutively-numbered subframes or slots, and each subframe or slot may have the same duration. In some aspects, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a quantity of slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable quantity of slots, and the quantity of slots may depend on subcarrier spacing. Each slot may include a quantity of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period). In some wireless communications systems, such as the wireless communications system 100, a slot may further be divided into multiple mini-slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., Ay) sampling periods. The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation.

[0066] A subframe, a slot, a mini-slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communications system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI). In some aspects, the TTI duration (e.g., a quantity of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally, or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs)).

[0067] Physical channels may be multiplexed for communication using a carrier according to various techniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel may be multiplexed for signaling via a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more of time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET)) for a physical control channel may be defined by a set ofsymbol periods and may extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of the UEs 115. For example, one or more of the UEs 115 may monitor or search control regions for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or multiple control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. An aggregation level for a control channel candidate may refer to an amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs)) associated with encoded information for a control information format having a given payload size. Search space sets may include common search space sets configured for sending control information to UEs 115 (e.g., one or more UEs) or may include UE-specific search space sets for sending control information to a UE 115 (e.g., a specific UE).

[0068] In some aspects, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may be movable and therefore provide communication coverage for a moving coverage area, such as the coverage area 110. In some aspects, coverage areas 110 (e g., different coverage areas) associated with different technologies may overlap, but the coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) may be supported by the same network entity (e.g., a network entity 105). In some other aspects, overlapping coverage areas, such as a coverage area 110, associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities (e.g., the network entities 105). The wireless communications system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of the network entities 105 support communications for coverage areas 110 (e.g.. different coverage areas) using the same or different RATs.

[0069] The wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communications or low-latency communications, or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC). The UEs 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communications may include private communication or group communication and may be supported by one or more sendees such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of serv ices, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The termsultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.

[0070] In some aspects, a UE 115 may be configured to support communicating directly with other UEs (e.g., one or more of the UEs 115) via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link, such as a D2D communication link 135 (e.g., in accordance with a peer-to-peer (P2P), D2D, or sidelink protocol). In some aspects, one or more UEs 115 of a group that are performing D2D communications may be within the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170), which may support aspects of such D2D communications being configured by (e.g., scheduled by) the network entity 105. In some aspects, one or more UEs 115 of such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 or may be otherwise unable to or not configured to receive transmissions from a network entity 105. In some aspects, groups of the UEs 115 communicating via D2D communications may support a one-to- many (1:M) system in which each UE 115 transmits to one or more of the UEs 115 in the group. In some aspects, a network entity 105 may facilitate the scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In some other aspects, D2D communications may be carried out between the UEs 115 without an involvement of a network entity 105.

[0071] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC), which may include at least one control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management function (AMF)) and at least one user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW), a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or a user plane function (UPF)). The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for the UEs 115 served by the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to IP services 150 for one or more network operators. The IP services 150 may include access to the Internet,Intranet(s), an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), or a Packet-Switched Streaming Service.

[0072] The wireless communications system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands, which may be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz). Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, which may be referred to as clusters, but the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to the UEs 115 located indoors. Communications using UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than one hundred kilometers) compared to communications using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz.

[0073] The wireless communications system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may employ License Assisted Access (LAA), LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) RAT, or NR technology using an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. While operating using unlicensed RF spectrum bands, devices such as the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some aspects, operations using unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriers operating using a licensed band (e.g., LAA). Operations using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among other aspects.

[0074] A network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) or a UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity’, receive diversity, MIMO communications, or beamforming. The antennas of a network entity 105 or a UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In someaspects, antennas or antenna arrays associated with a network entity 105 may be located at diverse geographic locations. A network entity 105 may include an antenna array with a set of rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 may use to support beamforming of communications with a UE 115. Likewise, a UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally, or alternatively, an antenna panel may support RF beamforming for a signal transmitted via an antenna port.

[0075] The network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may use MIMO communications to exploit multipath signal propagation and increase spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers. Such techniques may be referred to as spatial multiplexing. The multiple signals may, for example, be transmitted by the transmitting device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas.Likewise, the multiple signals may be received by the receiving device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals may be referred to as a separate spatial stream and may carry information associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams (e.g., different codewords). Different spatial layers may be associated with different antenna ports used for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO techniques include single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO), for which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device, and multiple-user MIMO (MU-MIMO), for which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices.

[0076] Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating along particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying amplitude offsets, phase offsets, or both to signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device.The adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation).

[0077] A network entity 105 or a UE 115 may use beam sweeping techniques as part of beamforming operations. For example, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to conduct beamforming operations for directional communications with a UE 115. Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted by a network entity 105 multiple times along different directions. For example, the network entity 105 may transmit a signal according to different beamforming weight sets associated with different directions of transmission. Transmissions along different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g.. by a transmitting device, such as a network entity 105, or by a receiving device, such as a UE 1 15) a beam direction for later transmission or reception by the network entity 105.

[0078] Some signals, such as data signals associated with a particular receiving device, may be transmitted by a transmitting device (e.g., a network entity 105 or a UE 115) along a single beam direction (e.g.. a direction associated with the receiving device, such as another network entity 105 or UE 115). In some aspects, the beam direction associated with transmissions along a single beam direction may be determined based on a signal that was transmitted along one or more beam directions. For example, a UE 115 may receive one or more of the signals transmitted by the network entity 105 along different directions and may report to the network entity 105 an indication of the signal that the UE 115 received with a highest signal quality or an otherwise acceptable signal quality.

[0079] In some aspects, transmissions by a device (e.g., by a network entity 105 or a UE 115) may be performed using multiple beam directions, and the device may use a combination of digital precoding or beamforming to generate a combined beam for transmission (e.g., from a network entity7105 to a UE 115). The UE 115 may report feedback that indicates precoding weights for one or more beam directions, and the feedback may correspond to a configured set of beams across a system bandwidth orone or more sub-bands. The network entity 105 may transmit a reference signal (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a CSI-RS), which may be precoded or unprecoded. The UE 115 may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., a multi-panel type codebook, a linear combination type codebook, a port selection type codebook). Although these techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted along one or more directions by a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170), a UE 115 may employ similar techniques for transmitting signals multiple times along different directions (e.g., for identifying a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by the UE 115) or for transmitting a signal along a single direction (e g., for transmitting data to a receiving device).

[0080] A receiving device (e.g., a UE 115) may perform reception operations in accordance with multiple receive configurations (e.g.. directional listening) when receiving various signals from a transmitting device (e.g.. a network entity 105), such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals. For example, a receiving device may perform reception in accordance with multiple receive directions by receiving via different antenna subarrays, by processing received signals according to different antenna subarrays, by receiving according to different receive beamforming weight sets (e.g., different directional listening weight sets) applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, or by processing received signals according to different receive beamforming weight sets applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, any of which may be referred to as “listening7’ according to different receive configurations or receive directions. In some aspects, a receiving device may use a single receive configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal). The single receive configuration may be aligned along a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receive configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have a highest signal strength, highest signal-to- noise ratio (SNR), or otherwise acceptable signal qualify based on listening according to multiple beam directions).

[0081] A network entity 105 may transmit CSI-RS(s) to a UE 115. The UE 115 may perform measurements on the CSI-RS(s) and may generate a CSI report based onthe measurements of the CSI-RSs. The UE 1 15 may transmit the CSI report to the network entity 105 such that the network entity 105 may identify suitable configurations for communications with the UE 115. Different codebooks for generating the CSI report at the UE 11 may be defined. For MIMO applications, more than one data steam is transmitted, and accordingly a precoding matrix may be generated based on the codebook to jointly select multiple beams for the multiple streams. For example, hybrid beamforming may be applied, where hybrid beamforming may be a method involving analog beamforming and selection of beams from a codebook.

[0082] The network entity 105 may transmit CSI-RSs via an antenna array such as a ULA. Antenna spacing at the ULA may be selected as 2 / 2 such that the antennas are far enough away from each other to be considered uncorrelated (e.g., >2 / 2) and close enough that grating lobes do not appear at un-desired angles, where A refers to the wavelength. For example, an antenna separation of > 2 / 2 may be too sparse and mayresult in grating lobes. Some codebooks for ULAs having an antenna spacing of 2 / 2 may result in non-unitary precoding matrices, meaning that the rows of the matrix, and thus the selected beams, may not be orthogonal. Non-orthogonal beams may result in interference between the beams at the receiving device (e.g., the UE 115 for downlink). For example, for hybrid beamforming at the receiver device (e.g., the UE 115), a non- unitary precoding matrix may spatially color the noise, degrading receiver performance.

[0083] The wireless communications system 100 may use precoding codebooks for a ULA or a two-dimensional cross polarized array that ensures unitary precoding matrices for an antenna spacing of 2 / 2. The codebooks may be generated such that for an antenna spacing of 2 / 2 for any initial beam angle, the additional beam angles may be orthogonal with the initial beam angle (e.g., the precoding matrices may be unitary ). For example, for a ULA, such a codebook may be referred to as an orthogonal ULA codebook. The orthogonal codebook for a two-dimensional cross polarized array (e.g., an orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array codebook) may be generated via a normalized combination of 4 separated ULA codebooks. The new codebooks may be standardized, such that the network entity may signal a codebook index (e.g., in RRC signaling) indicating to use one of an orthogonal ULA codebook when the network entity will transmit the CSI-RSs using a ULA or an orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array codebook when the network entity- will transmit the CSI-RSs using atwo-dimensional cross polarized array. The UE 1 15 may accordingly generate and report a PMI that indicates precoding matrix generated at the UE 115 based on a received CSI-RS in accordance with the indicated codebook type.

[0084] FIG. 2 shows an example of a beam diagram 200 that supports orthogonal precoding codebook for ULA or cross-polarized array in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The beam diagram 200 may implement or may be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100.

[0085] The beam diagram 200 illustrates a ULA including antenna elements 205 (e.g., an antenna element 205-a, an antenna element 205-b, an antenna element 205-c, an antenna element 205-d, and an antenna element 205-e) in a line 220. In a ULA. as shown in FIG. 2, the antenna elements 205 may be uniformly spaced in the line 220. The antenna elements may be spaced on the line 220 by a distance d (e.g., the distance between the antenna element 205-a and the antenna element 205-b may be d, the distance between the antenna element 205-b and the antenna element 205-c may be d, the distance between the antenna element 205-c and the antenna element 205-d may be d, and the distance between the antenna element 205-d and the antenna element 205-e may be d).

[0086] Each antenna element 205 may transmit a corresponding beam 210 at an angle t with respect to the line 220. For example, the antenna element 205-a may transmit a beam 210-a, the antenna element 205-b may transmit a beam 210-b, the antenna element 205-c may transmit a beam 210-c, the antenna element 205-d may transmit a beam 210-d, and the antenna element 205-e may transmit a beam 210-e. The line 215 represents the line where each corresponding beam 210 is at the same phase at the same distance to a target. For example, if the ULA is at a network entity 105, the target may be a UE 115. The distance from the antenna element 205-a to the line 215 may be 0, the distance from the antenna element 205-b to the line 215 may be given by d(cos(t)), the distance from the antenna element 205-c to the line 215 may be given by 2(d)(cos(t)), the distance from the antenna element 205-d to the line 215 may be given by 3(d)(cos(t)), and the distance from the antenna element 205-e to the line 215 may be given by 4(d)(cos(t)). Accordingly, ULA beamforming may be given by equation 1 for the Nth antenna element for a beam with angle (e.g., angle t in Fig. 2) with respect tothe array line (e g., the line 220 in FIG. 2), where k is the wave number, NTxis the number of transmitting antenna elements, m is the antenna index, T is the transpose vector operator (changing the vector from a row vector to a column vector, and the d is the distance between the antenna elements.

[0087] For a ULA, the orthogonality of any 2 different beams at angles 9b9mmay demand satisfaction of equation 2, meaning that the sum of the dot multiplication of the exponent representation of the beams at angles 9b9mis 0.

[0088] The sum of the exponent representation of the beams as shown in equation 2 may also be represented as sum of phases as shown in equation 3.integer (3)

[0089] Accordingly, to satisfy equations 2 and 3, and thus to ensure the orthogonality of any 2 different beams at angles 9b9mfor a ULA, n by equation 4 and n may be given by equation 5.

[0090] Thus, to derive a precoding weights vector that is orthogonal to a precoding vector of angle 0m. there may be approximately Npossibie beams~ NTx— l)NTx— 1 degrees of freedom to choose 9 where NTxis the number of antenna elements.Assuming that the number of layers is smaller than the number of antenna elements (NTX> Niayers), the ‘ orthogonality requirement may be applied for ofall the beams pairs. Accordingly, the degrees of freedom may be larger than the number of equations, thereby allowing for an orthogonal solution.

[0091] For example, to generate an orthogonal codebook for a ULA, a first step may involve selection of an arbitrary initial beam angle 6m. At a second step, all possible orthogonal beam angles may be calculated for the initial beam angle 9m(e.g., Npossible beams« (NRx- )NRx- 1 options). Thus, for a codebook with Nlayers. allcheckec| forprecoding matrices. The resultingunitary matrices may be selected for the codebook. As an example, given NRx=4, Ntayers— 2, and 0m= 100°, the possible beams may be [6.7743°, 48.7241°, 70.9525°, 90.4000°, 100.0000°, 109.8961°, 132.3493°]. and accordingly, the orthogonal codebook beams may be given as in equation 6.100.0000' 132.3493°i100.0000° 70.9525°Orthogonal codebook beams = 132.3493° 70.9525° (6)109.8961° 48.7241°90.4000° 6.7743° -

[0092] FIG. 3 shows an example of an antenna array diagram 300 that supports orthogonal precoding codebook for ULA or cross-polarized array in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The antenna array diagram 300 may implement or may be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100 or the beam diagram 200.

[0093] The antenna array diagram 300 may illustrate a two-dimensional crosspolarized array 305 including a number of cross polarized antenna elements arranged in a grid. For example, the two-dimensional cross-polarized array 305 may include four rows and four columns of antenna elements, where the antenna elements are indexed by row and column. For example, the first row includes the antenna element (1, 1), the antenna element (1, 2), the antenna element (1, 3), and the antenna element (1, 4); the second row includes the antenna element (2, 1 ), the antenna element (2, 2), the antenna element (2, 3), and the antenna element (2, 4); the third row includes the antenna element (3, 1), the antenna element (3. 2), the antenna element (3, 3), and the antenna element (3. 4); and the fourth row includes the antenna element (4, 1), the antenna element (4, 2), the antenna element (4, 3), and the antenna element (4, 4).

[0094] Orthogonal ULA codebooks as described may be expanded to two- dimensional cross-polarized arrays such as the two-dimensional cross-polarized array305. For example, each cross-polarized antenna element of the two-dimensional crosspolarized array 305 may have 4 weights: a vertical row weight, a vertical column weight, a horizontal row weight, and a horizontal column weight. Each of the four weights may be generated by a separate ULA orthogonal codebook. For example, the two-dimensional cross-polarized array 305 may be represented as four ULA orthogonal codebooks: an orthogonal ULA for the vertical row, an orthogonal ULA for the vertical column, an orthogonal ULA for the horizontal row, and an orthogonal ULA for the horizontal column. Accordingly, for a given antenna element (i, j), the precoding weights (w^ , w^j) may be given by equations 7 and 8. Each of the vertical and horizontal wights may be normalized such that the total power equals 1. wi,jwi,j,rowwi,j,col (7)^i,j '^i,j,row^i,j,col G

[0095] FIG. 4 shows an example of an wireless communications system 400 that supports orthogonal precoding codebook for ULA or cross-polarized array in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 400 may implement or may be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100, the beam diagram 200, or the antenna array diagram 300. For example, the wireless communications system 400 may include a UE 115-a, which may be an example of a UE 115 as described herein. The wireless communications system 400 may include a network entity 105-a. which may be an example of a network entity 105 as described herein.

[0096] The UE 115-a may communicate with the network entity 105-a using a communication link 125-a. The communication link 125-a may be an example of an NR or LTE link between the UE 115-a and the network entity 105-a. The communication link 125-a may include a bi-directional link that enable both uplink and downlink communications. For example, the UE 1 15-a may transmit uplink signals 405 (e.g., uplink transmissions), such as uplink control signals or uplink data signals, to the network entity 105-a using the communication link 125-a and the network entity 105-a may transmit downlink signals 410 (e.g., downlink transmissions), such as downlink control signals or downlink data signals, to the UE 115-a using the communication link 125-a.

[0097] The network entity 105-a may transmit control signaling 415 that schedules one or more CSI-RSs 420. In some aspects, the control signaling 41 may indicate a codebook type associated with a CSI report procedure associated with the CSI-RSs 420. For example, the control signaling 415 may be RRC signaling. The UE 115 a may measure the CSI-RSs 420 and generate a CSI report based on the CSI-RSs. The UE 115-a may transmit the CSI report 425 to the network entity 105-a such that the network entity 105-a may identify suitable configurations for communications with the UE (e.g., for communication of downlink signals 410 such as physical downlink control channels (PDCCHs) and physical downlink shared channels (PDSCHs)). For example, the CSI report 425 may be transmitted via uplink control information (UCI) in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH). The network entity 105-a may use an antenna array 440 including antenna elements 445 to transmit the CSI-RSs 420. For example, the antenna array 440 may be a ULA or a two-dimensional cross polarized array as described herein.

[0098] The network entity 105-a may use beamforming techniques to transmit the CSI-RSs 420 via a quantity of beams 430 (e.g., a beam 430-a, a beam 430-b, and a beam 430-c as shown in FIG. 4) using the antenna elements 445. The UE 115-a may receive the CSI-RSs 420 via a quantity of receive beams 435 (e.g., a beam 435-a, a beam 435-b, and a beam 435-c as shown in FIG. 4) at the UE 115-a. The control signaling 415 may indicate the codebook type associated with the type of antenna array 440 used to transmit the CSI-RSs 420. For example, the control signaling 415 may indicate that the codebook type is an orthogonal ULA type codebook or a orthogonal two-dimensional cross-polarized array codebook. The UE 115-a may include a PMI in the CSI report 425 that is generated based on the indicated codebook type.

[0099] In some aspects, the control signaling 415 may indicate an index that indicates the codebook type. For example, each codebook may be assigned an index (e.g., the indices may be predefined or standardized) and the control signaling 415 may indicate a corresponding index. Accordingly, an orthogonal ULA type codebook and / or the orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array type codebook may be assigned respective indices which may be indicated in the control signaling. In some aspects, there may be separate orthogonal ULA codebooks for different sets of possible quantities of antennas and layers, and each of the separate orthogonal ULA codebooksmay have a different assigned index. In some aspects, there may be separate orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array type for different sets of possible quantities of antennas and layers, and each of the separate orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array type codebooks may have a different assigned index. In some aspects, the control signaling 415 may indicate the codebook type to use to generate the PMI in the CSI report 425 prior to RRC connection establishment. In some aspects, the PMI may indicate the selected precoding matrix index within the indicated codebook.

[0100] Although described as transmission by a network entity 105-a of CSI-RSs 420, in some aspects, the UE 115-a may transmit reference signals (e.g., sounding reference signals (SRSs)) to a network entity 105-a using a ULA or a two-dimensional cross polarized array at the UE 115-a. The UE 115-a may indicate the type of antenna array to the network entity7105-a, and the network entity7105-a may generate a PMI for communication between the network entity 105-a and the UE 115-a based on measurements of the reference signals transmitted by the UE 115-a using an orthogonal codebook type that corresponds to the indicated antenna array used by the UE 115-a to transmit the reference signals.

[0101] In some aspects, use of orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array type codebooks and / or orthogonal ULA type codebooks may result in up to IdB throughput gain as compared to a uniform codebook.

[0102] FIG. 5 shows an example of a process flow 500 that supports orthogonal precoding codebook for ULA or cross-polarized array7in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The process flow 500 may implement or be implemented by aspects of wireless communications system 100 or the wireless communications system 400. For example, the process flow 500 may include a UE 115-b, which may be an example of a UE 115 as described herein. The process flow 500 may also include a network entity7105-b, which may be an example of a network entity 105 as described herein. In the following description of the process flow 500, the operations between the network entity 105-b and the UE 115-b may be transmitted in a different order than the example order shown, or the operations performed by the network entity 105-b and the UE 115-b may be performed in different orders or at different times. Some operations may also be omitted from the process flow 500, and other operations may be added to the process flow 500.

[0103] At 505, the UE 1 15-b may receive, from the network entity 105-b, information that indicates a codebook type associated with a CSI report procedure, wherein the codebook type is one of an orthogonal ULA type codebook or an orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array codebook type.

[0104] At 510. the UE 115-b may receive, from the network entity 105-b, one or more CSI-RSs.

[0105] At 515, the UE 115-b may transmit, to the network entity 105-b, a CSI report that includes a PMI in accordance with the codebook type and the CSI report procedure.

[0106] In some aspects, the information at 505 may indicate an index associated with the codebook type, where a set of multiple codebook types are associated with a set of multiple respective indices, and where the set of multiple codebook types include the codebook type.

[0107] In some aspects, the PMI is indicative of a selected precoding matrix from a set of multiple precoding matrices associated with the codebook ty pe. In some aspects, each of the set of multiple precoding matrices is a respective unitary matrix

[0108] In some aspects, the UE 115-b may receive a data communication (e.g.. a PDCCH or a PDSCH) from the network entity' 105-b via a set of beams based on the PMI.

[0109] In some aspects, the codebook type is the orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array codebook type, and the orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array codebook type may be a combination of four orthogonal ULA type codebooks. In some aspects, the combination includes, for each antenna element at the network entity 105-b used to transmit the one or more CSI-RSs, a normalized horizontal weight associated with a respective value from a horizontal column ULA ty pe codebook multiplied by a respective value from a horizontal row ULA type codebook and a normalized vertical weight associated with a respective value from a vertical column ULA ty pe codebook multiplied by a respective value from a vertical row ULA ty pe codebook.

[0110] In some aspects, the CSI-RSs may be transmitted at a given wavelength, and the codebook type is based on an antenna spacing at the network entity 105-b used totransmit the CSI-RSs being approximately equal to the given wavelength divided by two.

[0111] FIG. 6 shows a block diagram 600 of a device 605 that supports orthogonal precoding codebook for ULA or cross-polarized array in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 605 may be an example of aspects of a UE 115 as described herein. The device 605 may include a receiver 610, a transmitter 615, and a communications manager 620. The device 605, or one or more components of the device 605 (e.g., the receiver 610, the transmitter 615. the communications manager 620), may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to, individually or collectively, support or enable the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0112] The receiver 610 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to orthogonal precoding codebook for ULA or cross-polarized array). Information may be passed on to other components of the device 605. The receiver 610 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.

[0113] The transmitter 615 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 605. For example, the transmitter 615 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to orthogonal precoding codebook for ULA or crosspolarized array). In some aspects, the transmitter 615 may be co-located with a receiver 610 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 615 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.

[0114] The communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of orthogonal precoding codebook for ULA or cross-polarized array as described herein. For example, the communications manager 620, the receiver 610, thetransmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be capable of performing one or more of the functions described herein.

[0115] In some aspects, the communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g.. in communications management circuitry). The hardware may include at least one of a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some aspects, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g.. by one or more processors, individually or collectively, executing instructions stored in the at least one memory).

[0116] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor (e.g., referred to as a processor-executable code). If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functions of the communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure).

[0117] In some aspects, the communications manager 620 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g.. receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 610. the transmitter 615, or both. For example, the communications manager 620 may receive information from the receiver 610, send information to the transmitter 615, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0118] The communications manager 620 may support wireless communications in accordance with aspects as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from a second network entity, information that indicates a codebook type associated with a CSI report procedure, where the codebook type is one of an orthogonal ULA type codebook or an orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array codebook type. The communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the second network entity, one or more CSI-RSs. The communications manager 620 is capable of. configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the second network entity, a CSI report that includes a PMI in accordance with the codebook type and the CSI report procedure.

[0119] By including or configuring the communications manager 620 in accordance with aspects as described herein, the device 605 (e.g., at least one processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615. the communications manager 620, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for more efficient utilization of communication resources.

[0120] FIG. 7 shows a block diagram 700 of a device 705 that supports orthogonal precoding codebook for ULA or cross-polarized array in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 705 may be an example of aspects of a device 605 or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 705 may include a receiver 710, a transmitter 715, and a communications manager 720. The device 705, or one or more components of the device 705 (e.g., the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, the communications manager 720), may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to support the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0121] The receiver 710 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to orthogonal precoding codebook for ULA or cross-polarized array). Information may be passed on to other components of the device 705. The receiver 710 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.

[0122] The transmitter 715 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 705. For example, the transmitter 715 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to orthogonal precoding codebook for ULA or crosspolarized array). In some aspects, the transmitter 715 may be co-located with a receiver 710 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 715 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.

[0123] The device 705, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of orthogonal preceding codebook for ULA or cross-polarized array as described herein. For example, the communications manager 720 may include a CSI codebook type manager 725, a CSI-RS reception manager 730, a CSI report manager 735, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 720 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 620 as described herein. In some aspects, the communications manager 720, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both. For example, the communications manager 720 may receive information from the receiver 710, send information to the transmitter 715, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0124] The communications manager 720 may support wireless communications in accordance with aspects as disclosed herein. The CSI codebook type manager 725 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from a second network entity, information that indicates a codebook type associated with a CSI report procedure, where the codebook type is one of an orthogonal ULA type codebook or an orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array codebook type. The CSI-RS reception manager 730 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the second network entity, one or more CSLRSs. The CSI report manager 735 is capable of configured to, or operable to support a means fortransmitting, to the second network entity, a CSI report that includes a PMI in accordance with the codebook type and the CSI report procedure.

[0125] FIG. 8 shows a block diagram 800 of a communications manager 820 that supports orthogonal precoding codebook for ULA or cross-polarized array in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 820 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 620, a communications manager 720, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 820, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of orthogonal precoding codebook for ULA or crosspolarized array as described herein. For example, the communications manager 820 may include a CSI codebook type manager 825, a CSI-RS reception manager 830, a CSI report manager 835, a CSI codebook type index manager 840, a data reception manager 845, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, or components or subcomponents thereof (e.g.. one or more processors, one or more memories), may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0126] The communications manager 820 may support wireless communications in accordance with aspects as disclosed herein. The CSI codebook type manager 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from a second network entity, information that indicates a codebook type associated with a CSI report procedure, where the codebook type is one of an orthogonal ULA type codebook or an orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array codebook type. The CSLRS reception manager 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the second network entity, one or more CSI-RSs. The CSI report manager 835 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the second network entity, a CSI report that includes a PMI in accordance with the codebook type and the CSI report procedure.

[0127] In some aspects, to support receiving the information that indicates the codebook type, the CSI codebook type index manager 840 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving an indication of an index associated with the codebook type, where a set of multiple codebook types are associated with a set of multiple respective indices, and where the set of multiple codebook types include the codebook type.

[0128] In some aspects, the PMI is indicative of a selected precoding matrix from a set of multiple precoding matrices associated with the codebook type.

[0129] In some aspects, each of the set of multiple precoding matrices is a respective unitary' matrix.

[0130] In some aspects, the data reception manager 845 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the second network entity, a data communication via a set of beams based on the PMI.

[0131] In some aspects, the codebook type is the orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array codebook ty pe. In some aspects, the orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array codebook type includes a combination of four orthogonal ULA type codebooks.

[0132] In some aspects, the combination includes, for each antenna element at the second network entity used to transmit the one or more CSI-RSs, a normalized horizontal weight associated with a respective value from a horizontal column ULA type codebook multiplied by a respective value from a horizontal row ULA type codebook and a normalized vertical weight associated with a respective value from a vertical column ULA type codebook multiplied by a respective value from a vertical row ULA type codebook.

[0133] In some aspects, to support receiving the CSI-RSs, the CSI-RS reception manager 830 is capable of. configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving the one or more CSI-RSs at a wavelength, where the codebook type is based on an antenna spacing at the second network entity used to transmit the one or more CSI-RSs being approximately equal to the wavelength divided by two.

[0134] FIG. 9 shows a diagram of a system 900 including a device 905 that supports orthogonal precoding codebook for ULA or cross-polarized array in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 905 may be an example of or include components of a device 605, a device 705, or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 905 may communicate (e.g., wirelessly) with one or more other devices (e.g., network entities 105, UEs 115, or a combination thereof). The device 905 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communicationsincluding components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 920, an input / output (I / O) controller, such as an I / O controller 910, a transceiver 915, one or more antennas 925, at least one memory 930, code 935, and at least one processor 940. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 945).

[0135] The I / O controller 910 may manage input and output signals for the device 905. The I / O controller 910 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 905. In some cases, the I / O controller 910 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some cases, the I / O controller 910 may utilize an operating system such as iOS®, ANDROID®, MS-DOS®, MS-WINDOWS®, OS / 2®, UNIX®, LINUX®, or another known operating system. Additionally, or alternatively, the I / O controller 910 may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 910 may be implemented as part of one or more processors, such as the at least one processor 940. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 905 via the I / O controller 910 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 910.

[0136] In some cases, the device 905 may include a single antenna. However, in some other cases, the device 905 may have more than one antenna, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 915 may communicate bi-directionally via the one or more antennas 925 using wired or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 915 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 915 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 925 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 925. The transceiver 915, or the transceiver 915 and one or more antennas 925, may be an example of a transmitter 615, a transmitter 715, a receiver 610, a receiver 710, or any combination thereof or component thereof, as described herein.

[0137] The at least one memory 930 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). The at least one memory 930 may store computer- readable, computer-executable, or processor-executable code, such as the code 935.The code 935 may include instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor 940, cause the device 905 to perform various functions described herein. The code 935 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory' or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 935 may not be directly executable by the at least one processor 940 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 930 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0138] The at least one processor 940 may include one or more intelligent hardware devices (e.g., one or more general-purpose processors, one or more DSPs, one or more CPUs, one or more graphics processing units (GPUs), one or more neural processing units (NPUs) (also referred to as neural network processors or deep learning processors (DLPs)), one or more microcontrollers, one or more ASICs, one or more FPGAs. one or more programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, one or more discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the at least one processor 940 may be configured to operate a memory' array using a memoiy controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the at least one processor 940. The at least one processor 940 may be configured to execute computer- readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the at least one memory 930) to cause the device 905 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting orthogonal precoding codebook for ULA or cross-polarized array). For example, the device 905 or a component of the device 905 may include at least one processor 940 and at least one memory 930 coupled with or to the at least one processor 940, the at least one processor 940 and the at least one memory' 930 configured to perform various functions described herein.

[0139] In some aspects, the at least one processor 940 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 930 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may' be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some aspects, the at least one processor 940 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system (such as a series) ofmachines, circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include the at least one processor 940) and memory circuitry' (which may include the at least one memory' 930)), or components, that receives or obtains inputs and processes the inputs to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. For example, the at least one processor 940 or a processing system including the at least one processor 940 may be configured to, configurable to, or operable to cause the device 905 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Further, as described herein, being “configured to,” being “configurable to.” and being “operable to” may be used interchangeably and may be associated with a capability, when executing code 935 (e.g., processor-executable code) stored in the at least one memory' 930 or otherwise, to perform one or more of the functions described herein.

[0140] The communications manager 920 may support wireless communications in accordance with aspects as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from a second network entity', information that indicates a codebook type associated with a CSI report procedure, where the codebook type is one of an orthogonal ULA type codebook or an orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array codebook type. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the second network entity, one or more CSI-RSs. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the second network entity, a CSI report that includes a PMI in accordance with the codebook type and the CSI report procedure.

[0141] By including or configuring the communications manager 920 in accordance with aspects as described herein, the device 905 may support techniques for improved communication reliability7, more efficient utilization of communication resources, and improved coordination between devices.

[0142] In some aspects, the communications manager 920 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 915, the one or more antennas 925, or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 920 is illustrated as a separate component, in some aspects, one or more functions described with reference tothe communications manager 920 may be supported by or performed by the at least one processor 940, the at least one memory 930, the code 935, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 935 may include instructions executable by the at least one processor 940 to cause the device 905 to perform various aspects of orthogonal precoding codebook for ULA or cross-polarized array as described herein, or the at least one processor 940 and the at least one memory 930 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.

[0143] FIG. 10 shows a block diagram 1000 of a device 1005 that supports orthogonal precoding codebook for ULA or cross-polarized array in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1005 may be an example of aspects of a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 1005 may include a receiver 1010, a transmitter 1015, and a communications manager 1020. The device 1005. or one or more components of the device 1005 (e.g., the receiver 1010. the transmitter 1015. the communications manager 1020), may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to, individually or collectively, support or enable the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0144] The receiver 1010 may provide a means for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack). Information may be passed on to other components of the device 1005. In some aspects, the receiver 1010 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the receiver 1010 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.

[0145] The transmitter 1015 may provide a means for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, sending) information generated by other components of the device 1005. For example, the transmitter 1015 may output information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g.,control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack). In some aspects, the transmitter 1015 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the transmitter 1015 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some aspects, the transmitter 1015 and the receiver 1010 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include or be coupled with a modem.

[0146] The communications manager 1020, the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or various combinations or components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of orthogonal precoding codebook for ULA or crosspolarized array as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1020, the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or various combinations or components thereof may be capable of performing one or more of the functions described herein.

[0147] In some aspects, the communications manager 1020, the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry). The hardware may include at least one of a processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some aspects, at least one processor and at least one memory' coupled with the at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g.. by one or more processors, individually or collectively, executing instructions stored in the at least one memory).

[0148] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 1020, the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor (e.g., referred to as a processor-executable code). If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functions of the communications manager 1020, the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these orother programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure).

[0149] In some aspects, the communications manager 1020 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g.. receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or both. For example, the communications manager 1020 may receive information from the receiver 1010, send information to the transmitter 1015, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0150] The communications manager 1020 may support wireless communications in accordance with aspects as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a first network entity, information that indicates a codebook type associated with a CSI report procedure, where the codebook type is one of an orthogonal ULA ty pe codebook or an orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array codebook type. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the first network entity, one or more CSI-RSs. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the first network entity7, a CSI report that includes a PMI in accordance with the codebook type and the CSI report procedure.

[0151] By including or configuring the communications manager 1020 in accordance with aspects as described herein, the device 1005 (e.g., at least one processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, the communications manager 1020, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for more efficient utilization of communication resources.

[0152] FIG. 11 shows a block diagram 1100 of a device 1105 that supports orthogonal precoding codebook for ULA or cross-polarized array in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1105 may be an example of aspects of a device 1005 or a network entity7105 as described herein. The device 1105may include a receiver 1 1 10, a transmitter 1 115, and a communications manager 1 120. The device 1105, or one or more components of the device 1105 (e.g., the receiver 1110. the transmitter 1115, the communications manager 1120), may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to support the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0153] The receiver 1110 may provide a means for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack). Information may be passed on to other components of the device 1105. In some aspects, the receiver 1110 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the receiver 1110 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.

[0154] The transmitter 1115 may provide a means for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, sending) information generated by other components of the device 1105. For example, the transmitter 1115 may output information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack). In some aspects, the transmitter 1115 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the transmitter 1115 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some aspects, the transmitter 1115 and the receiver 1110 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include or be coupled with a modem.

[0155] The device 1105, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of orthogonal precoding codebook for ULA or cross-polarized array as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1120 may include a CSI codebook type manager 1125, a CSI-RS transmission manager1 130, a CSI report manager 1135, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 1120 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 1020 as described herein. In some aspects, the communications manager 1120, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or both. For example, the communications manager 1120 may receive information from the receiver 1110, send information to the transmitter 1115. or be integrated in combination with the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115. or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0156] The communications manager 1120 may support wireless communications in accordance with aspects as disclosed herein. The CSI codebook ty pe manager 1125 is capable of. configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a first network entity, information that indicates a codebook type associated with a CSI report procedure, where the codebook type is one of an orthogonal ULA type codebook or an orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array codebook type. The CSI-RS transmission manager 1130 is capable of, configured to. or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the first network entity, one or more CSI-RSs. The CSI report manager 1135 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the first network entity7, a CSI report that includes a PMI in accordance with the codebook ty pe and the CSI report procedure.

[0157] FIG. 12 shows a block diagram 1200 of a communications manager 1220 that supports orthogonal precoding codebook for ULA or cross-polarized array in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 1220 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 1020, a communications manager 1120, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 1220, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of orthogonal precoding codebook for ULA or crosspolarized array7as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1220 may include a CSI codebook ty pe manager 1225, a CSI-RS transmission manager 1230, a CSI report manager 1235, a CSI codebook ty pe index manager 1240, a data transmission manager 1245, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, orcomponents or subcomponents thereof (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories), may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses). The communications may include communications within a protocol layer of a protocol stack, communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack, within a device, component, or virtualized component associated with a network entity 105, between devices, components, or virtualized components associated with a network entity 105), or any combination thereof.

[0158] The communications manager 1220 may support wireless communications in accordance with aspects as disclosed herein. The CSI codebook type manager 1225 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a first network entity, information that indicates a codebook type associated with a CSI report procedure, where the codebook type is one of an orthogonal ULA type codebook or an orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array codebook type. The CS1-RS transmission manager 1230 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the first network entity, one or more CSI-RSs. The CSI report manager 1235 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the first network entity, a CSI report that includes a PMI in accordance with the codebook type and the CSI report procedure.

[0159] In some aspects, to support transmitting the information that indicates the codebook type, the CSI codebook type index manager 1240 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting an indication of an index associated with the codebook type, where a set of multiple codebook types are associated with a set of multiple respective indices, and where the set of multiple codebook types include the codebook type.

[0160] In some aspects, the PMI is indicative of a selected precoding matrix from a set of multiple precoding matrices associated with the codebook type.

[0161] In some aspects, each of the set of multiple precoding matrices is a respective unitary matrix.

[0162] In some aspects, the data transmission manager 1245 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the first network entity, a data communication via a set of beams based on the PMI.

[0163] In some aspects, the codebook type is the orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array codebook type. In some aspects, the orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array codebook type includes a combination of four orthogonal ULA type codebooks.

[0164] In some aspects, the combination includes, for each antenna element at the second network entity used to transmit the one or more CSI-RSs, a normalized horizontal weight associated with a respective value from a horizontal column ULA type codebook multiplied by a respective value from a horizontal row ULA type codebook and a normalized vertical weight associated with a respective value from a vertical column ULA type codebook multiplied by a respective value from a vertical row ULA type codebook.

[0165] In some aspects, to support transmitting the one or more CSI-RSs, the CSI- RS transmission manager 1230 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the one or more CSI-RSs at a wavelength, where the codebook type is based on an antenna spacing at the second network entity used to transmit the one or more CSI-RSs being approximately equal to the wavelength divided by two.

[0166] FIG. 13 shows a diagram of a system 1300 including a device 1305 that supports orthogonal precoding codebook for ULA or cross-polarized array in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1305 may be an example of or include components of a device 1005, a device 1105, or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 1305 may communicate with other network devices or network equipment such as one or more of the network entities 105, UEs 115, or any combination thereof. The communications may include communications over one or more wired interfaces, over one or more wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. The device 1305 may include components that support outputting and obtaining communications, such as a communications manager 1320, a transceiver 1310, one or more antennas 1315, at least one memory 1325, code 1330, and at least one processor 1335. These components may be in electronic communication orotherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 1340).

[0167] The transceiver 1310 may support bi-directional communications via wired links, wireless links, or both as described herein. In some aspects, the transceiver 1310 may include a wired transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wired transceiver. Additionally, or alternatively, in some aspects, the transceiver 1310 may include a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. In some aspects, the device 1305 may include one or more antennas 1315, which may be capable of transmitting or receiving wireless transmissions (e.g., concurrently). The transceiver 1310 may also include a modem to modulate signals, to provide the modulated signals for transmission (e.g., by one or more antennas 1315, by a wired transmitter), to receive modulated signals (e.g., from one or more antennas 1315, from a wired receiver), and to demodulate signals. In some implementations, the transceiver 1310 may include one or more interfaces, such as one or more interfaces coupled with the one or more antennas 1315 that are configured to support various receiving or obtaining operations, or one or more interfaces coupled with the one or more antennas 1315 that are configured to support various transmitting or outputting operations, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1310 may include or be configured for coupling with one or more processors or one or more memory components that are operable to perform or support operations based on received or obtained information or signals, or to generate information or other signals for transmission or other outputting, or any combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1310, or the transceiver 1310 and the one or more antennas 1315, or the transceiver 1310 and the one or more antennas 1315 and one or more processors or one or more memory’ components (e.g., the at least one processor 1335. the at least one memory 1325, or both), may be included in a chip or chip assembly that is installed in the device 1305. In some aspects, the transceiver 1310 may be operable to support communications via one or more communications links (e.g., communication link(s) 125, backhaul communication link(s) 120, a midhaul communication link 162. a fronthaul communication link 168).

[0168] The at least one memory 1325 may include RAM, ROM, or any combination thereof. The at least one memory 1325 may store computer-readable, computer-executable, or processor-executable code, such as the code 1330. The code 1330 may include instructions that, when executed by one or more of the at least one processor 1335. cause the device 1305 to perform various functions described herein. The code 1330 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 1330 may not be directly executable by a processor of the at least one processor 1335 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 1325 may include, among other things, a BIOS which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices. In some aspects, the at least one processor 1335 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 1325 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein (for example, as part of a processing system).

[0169] The at least one processor 1335 may include one or more intelligent hardware devices (e.g., one or more general-purpose processors, one or more DSPs, one or more CPUs, one or more graphics processing units (GPUs), one or more neural processing units (NPUs) (also referred to as neural network processors or deep learning processors (DLPs)), one or more microcontrollers, one or more ASICs, one or more FPGAs, one or more programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, one or more discrete hardware components, or any combination thereol). In some cases, the at least one processor 1335 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into one or more of the at least one processor 1335. The at least one processor 1335 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory' (e.g., one or more of the at least one memory 1325) to cause the device 1305 to perform various functions (e.g.. functions or tasks supporting orthogonal precoding codebook for ULA or cross-polarized array). For example, the device 1305 or a component of the device 1305 may include at least one processor 1335 and at least one memory' 1325 coupled with one or more of the at least one processor 1335, the at least one processor 1335 and the at least one memory 1325 configured to perform various functions described herein. The at least one processor 1335 may be an example of a cloud-computing platform(e.g., one or more physical nodes and supporting software such as operating systems, virtual machines, or container instances) that may host the functions (e.g., by executing code 1330) to perform the functions of the device 1305. The at least one processor 1335 may be any one or more suitable processors capable of executing scripts or instructions of one or more software programs stored in the device 1305 (such as within one or more of the at least one memory 1325).

[0170] In some aspects, the at least one processor 1335 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory' 1325 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein. In some aspects, the at least one processor 1335 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system (such as a series) of machines, circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include the at least one processor 1335) and memory' circuitry (which may include the at least one memory 1325)), or components, that receives or obtains inputs and processes the inputs to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. For example, the at least one processor 1335 or a processing system including the at least one processor 1335 may be configured to, configurable to, or operable to cause the device 1305 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Further, as described herein, being “configured to,” being “configurable to,” and being “operable to” may be used interchangeably and may be associated with a capability’, when executing code stored in the at least one memory 1325 or otherwise, to perform one or more of the functions described herein.

[0171] In some aspects, a bus 1340 may support communications of (e.g., within) a protocol layer of a protocol stack. In some aspects, a bus 1340 may support communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack), which may include communications performed within a component of the device 1305, or between different components of the device 1305 that may be co-located or located in different locations (e.g., where the device 1305 may refer to a system in which one or more of the communications manager 1320, the transceiver 1310. the at least one memory 1325. the code 1330, and the at least oneprocessor 1335 may be located in one of the different components or divided between different components).

[0172] In some aspects, the communications manager 1320 may manage aspects of communications with a core network 130 (e g., via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links). For example, the communications manager 1320 may manage the transfer of data communications for client devices, such as one or more UEs 115. In some aspects, the communications manager 1320 may manage communications with one or more other network entities 105, and may include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with UEs 115 (e.g.. in cooperation with the one or more other network devices). In some aspects, the communications manager 1320 may support an X2 interface within an LTE / LTE-A wireless communications network technology7to provide communication between network entities 105.

[0173] The communications manager 1320 may support wireless communications in accordance with aspects as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1320 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a first network entity', information that indicates a codebook type associated with a CSI report procedure, where the codebook type is one of an orthogonal ULA type codebook or an orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array codebook type. The communications manager 1320 is capable of, configured to. or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the first network entity, one or more CSI-RSs. The communications manager 1320 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the first network entity, a CSI report that includes a PMI in accordance with the codebook type and the CSI report procedure.

[0174] By including or configuring the communications manager 1320 in accordance with aspects as described herein, the device 1305 may support techniques for improved communication reliability7, more efficient utilization of communication resources, and improved coordination between devices.

[0175] In some aspects, the communications manager 1320 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g.. receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 1310, the one or more antennas 1315 (e.g., where applicable), or any combination thereof. Although thecommunications manager 1320 is illustrated as a separate component, in some aspects, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 1320 may be supported by or performed by the transceiver 1310, one or more of the at least one processor 1335, one or more of the at least one memory 1325, the code 1330, or any combination thereof (for example, by a processing system including at least a portion of the at least one processor 1335, the at least one memory 1325, the code 1330, or any combination thereof). For example, the code 1330 may include instructions executable by one or more of the at least one processor 1335 to cause the device 1305 to perform various aspects of orthogonal precoding codebook for ULA or cross-polarized array as described herein, or the at least one processor 1335 and the at least one memory 1325 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.

[0176] FIG. 14 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1400 that supports orthogonal precoding codebook for ULA or cross-polarized array in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1400 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1400 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to Figs. 1 through 9. In some aspects, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.

[0177] At 1405, the method may include receiving, from a second network entity, information that indicates a codebook type associated with a CSI report procedure, where the codebook type is one of an orthogonal ULA type codebook or an orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array codebook type. The operations of 1405 may be performed in accordance with aspects as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1405 may be performed by a CSI codebook type manager 825 as described with reference to FIG. 8.

[0178] At 1410, the method may include receiving, from the second netw ork entity, one or more CSI-RSs. The operations of 1410 may be performed in accordance with aspects as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1410 may be performed by a CSI-RS reception manager 830 as described with reference to FIG. 8.

[0179] At 1415, the method may include transmitting, to the second network entity, a CSI report that includes a PMI in accordance with the codebook type and the CSI report procedure. The operations of 1415 may be performed in accordance with aspects as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1415 may be performed by a CSI report manager 835 as described with reference to FIG. 8.

[0180] FIG. 15 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1500 that supports orthogonal precoding codebook for ULA or cross-polarized array in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1500 may be implemented by a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1500 may be performed by a network entity as described with reference to Figs. 1 through 5 and 10 through 13. In some aspects, a netw ork entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.

[0181] At 1505, the method may include transmitting, to a first network entity, information that indicates a codebook type associated with a CSI report procedure, where the codebook type is one of an orthogonal ULA type codebook or an orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array codebook type. The operations of 1505 may be performed in accordance with aspects as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1505 may be performed by a CSI codebook type manager 1225 as described with reference to FIG. 12.

[0182] At 1510, the method may include transmitting, to the first network entity, one or more CSI-RSs. The operations of 1510 may be performed in accordance with aspects as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1510 may be performed by a CSI-RS transmission manager 1230 as described with reference to FIG. 12.

[0183] At 1515, the method may include receiving, from the first network entity, a CSI report that includes a PMI in accordance with the codebook type and the CSI report procedure. The operations of 1515 may be performed in accordance with aspects asdisclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1515 may be performed by a CSI report manager 1235 as described with reference to FIG. 12.

[0184] The following provides an overview of aspects of the present disclosure:

[0185] Aspect 1 : A method for wireless communications at a first network entity, comprising: receiving, from a second network entity’, information that indicates a codebook type associated with a CSI report procedure, wherein the codebook type is one of an orthogonal ULA type codebook or an orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array codebook type; receiving, from the second network entity7, one or more CSI-RSs; and transmitting, to the second network entity, a CSI report that includes a PMI in accordance with the codebook type and the CSI report procedure.

[0186] Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1, wherein receiving the information that indicates the codebook type comprises: receiving an indication of an index associated with the codebook ty pe, wherein a plurality7of codebook types are associated with a plurality of respective indices, and wherein the plurality of codebook types comprise the codebook type

[0187] Aspect 3: The method of any of aspects 1 through 2. wherein the PMI is indicative of a selected precoding matrix from a plurality of precoding matrices associated with the codebook type.

[0188] Aspect 4: The method of aspect 3, wherein each of the plurality of precoding matrices is a respective unitary matrix.

[0189] Aspect 5: The method of any of aspects 1 through 4. further comprising: receiving, from the second network entity, a data communication via a set of beams based on the PMI.

[0190] Aspect 6: The method of any of aspects 1 through 5, wherein the codebook type is the orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array codebook type, and the orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array codebook type comprises a combination of four orthogonal ULA type codebooks.

[0191] Aspect 7: The method of aspect 6, wherein the combination comprises, for each antenna element at the second network entity7used to transmit the one or more CSI-RSs, a normalized horizontal weight associated with a respective value from ahorizontal column ULA type codebook multiplied by a respective value from a horizontal row ULA type codebook and a normalized vertical weight associated with a respective value from a vertical column ULA type codebook multiplied by a respective value from a vertical row ULA type codebook.

[0192] Aspect 8: The method of any of aspects 1 through 7. wherein receiving the CSI-RSs comprises: receiving the one or more CSI-RSs at a wavelength, wherein the codebook type is based on an antenna spacing at the second network entity used to transmit the one or more CSI-RSs being approximately equal to the wavelength divided by two.

[0193] Aspect 9: A method for wireless communications at a second network entity, comprising: transmitting, to a first network entity, information that indicates a codebook type associated with a CSI report procedure, wherein the codebook type is one of an orthogonal ULA type codebook or an orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array codebook type: transmitting, to the first network entity, one or more CSI-RSs; and receiving, from the first network entity, a CSI report that includes a PMI in accordance with the codebook type and the CSI report procedure.

[0194] Aspect 10: The method of aspect 9, wherein transmitting the information that indicates the codebook type comprises: transmitting an indication of an index associated with the codebook type, wherein a plurality of codebook types are associated with a plurality of respective indices, and wherein the plurality of codebook types comprise the codebook type.

[0195] Aspect 11 : The method of any of aspects 9 through 10, wherein the PMI is indicative of a selected precoding matrix from a plurality of precoding matrices associated with the codebook type.

[0196] Aspect 12: The method of aspect 11. wherein each of the plurality of precoding matrices is a respective unitary matrix.

[0197] Aspect 13: The method of any of aspects 9 through 12, further comprising: transmitting, to the first network entity, a data communication via a set of beams based on the PMI.

[0198] Aspect 14: The method of any of aspects 9 through 13, wherein the codebook type is the orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array codebook type, and the orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array codebook type comprises a combination of four orthogonal ULA type codebooks.

[0199] Aspect 15: The method of aspect 14. wherein the combination comprises, for each antenna element at the second network entity' used to transmit the one or more CSI-RSs, a normalized horizontal weight associated with a respective value from a horizontal column ULA type codebook multiplied by a respective value from a horizontal row ULA type codebook and a normalized vertical weight associated with a respective value from a vertical column ULA type codebook multiplied by a respective value from a vertical row ULA type codebook.

[0200] Aspect 16: The method of any of aspects 9 through 15, wherein transmitting the one or more CSI-RSs comprises: transmitting the one or more CSI-RSs at a wavelength, wherein the codebook type is based on an antenna spacing at the second network entity used to transmit the one or more CSI-RSs being approximately equal to the wavelength divided by two.

[0201] Aspect 17: A first network entity' for wireless communications, comprising a processing system configured to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 8.

[0202] Aspect 18: A first network entity for wireless communications, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 1 through 8.

[0203] Aspect 19: A non-transitory computer-readable medium having code for wireless communication stored thereon that, when executed by a first network entity, causes the first network entity to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 8.

[0204] Aspect 20: A second network entity for wireless communications, comprising a processing system configured to perform a method of any of aspects 9 through 16.

[0205] Aspect 21 : A second network entity for wireless communications, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 9 through 16.

[0206] Aspect 22: A non-transitory computer-readable medium having code for wireless communication stored thereon that, when executed by a second network entity, causes the second network entity to perform a method of any of aspects 9 through 16.

[0207] The methods described herein describe possible implementations. The operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.

[0208] Although aspects of an LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques may be applicable to various other wireless communications systems such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, as well as other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0209] Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

[0210] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, a graphics processing unit (GPU), a neural processing unit (NPU), an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor but, in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core,or any other such configuration). Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a processor may be performed by multiple processors that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.

[0211] The functions described herein may be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented using software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored as or transmitted using one or more instructions or code of a computer-readable medium. Other aspects and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.

[0212] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one location to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory. compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk, and Blu-ray disc. Disks mayreproduce data magnetically, and discs may reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media. Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a memory may be performed by multiple memories that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.

[0213] As used herein, the term "or" is an inclusive '‘or” unless limiting language is used relative to the alternatives listed. For example, reference to “X being based on A or B” shall be construed as including within its scope X being based on A, X being based on B, and X being based on A and B. In this regard, reference to 'X being based on A or B” refers to ‘'at least one of A or B” or ‘'one or more of A or B” due to '‘or” being inclusive. Similarly, reference to “X being based on A, B, or C” shall be construed as including within its scope X being based on A, X being based on B, X being based on C, X being based on A and B, X being based on A and C, X being based on B and C, and X being based on A, B. and C. In this regard, reference to “X being based on A, B, or C” refers to “at least one of A, B, or C” or “one or more of A, B, or C” due to “or” being inclusive. As an example of limiting language, reference to “X being based on only one of A or B” shall be construed as including within its scope X being based on A as well as X being based on B, but not X being based on A and B. Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, or the like. In other words, the phrase “based on A” (where “A” may be information, a condition, a factor, or the like) shall be construed as “based at least on A” unless specifically recited differently. Also, as used herein, the phrase “a set” shall be construed as including the possibility of a set with one member. That is, the phrase “a set” shall be construed in the same manner as “one or more” or “at least one of.”

[0214] As used herein, including in the claims, the article “a” before a noun is open- ended and understood to refer to “at least one” of those nouns or “one or more” of those nouns. Thus, the terms “a,” “at least one,” “one or more,” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. For example, if a claim recites “a component” that performs one or more functions, each of the individual functions may be performed by a single component or by any combination of multiple components. Thus, the term “a component” having characteristics or performing functions may refer to “at least one ofone or more components” having a particular characteristic or performing a particular function. Subsequent reference to a component introduced with the article “a” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, a component introduced with the article “a” may be understood to mean “one or more components,” and referring to “the component” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components.” Similarly, subsequent reference to a component introduced as “one or more components” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, referring to “the one or more components” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components.”

[0215] The term “determine” or “determining” encompasses a variety of actions and, therefore, “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, a database, or another data structure), ascertaining, and the like. Also, “determining” can include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in memory). and the like. Also, “determining” can include resolving, obtaining, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.

[0216] In the figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label or other subsequent reference label.

[0217] The description set forth herein, in connection with the drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all the aspects that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term “aspect” or “example” used herein means “serving as an aspect, example, instance, or illustration” and not “preferred” or “advantageous over other aspects.” The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some figures,structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.

[0218] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary7skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art. and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:1 . A first network entity for wireless communication, comprising: processing system configured to: receive, from a second network entity, information that indicates a codebook type associated with a channel state information report procedure, wherein the codebook type is one of an orthogonal uniform linear array type codebook or an orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array codebook type; receive, from the second network entity, one or more channel state information reference signals; and transmit, to the second network entity, a channel state information report that includes a precoding matrix indicator in accordance with the codebook type and the channel state information report procedure.

2. The first network entity of claim 1, wherein to receive the information that indicates the codebook type, the processing system is configured to: receive an indication of an index associated with the codebook type, wherein a plurality of codebook types are associated with a plurality of respective indices, and wherein the plurality of codebook types comprise the codebook type.

3. The first network entity of claim 1, wherein the precoding matrix indicator is indicative of a selected precoding matrix from a plurality of precoding matrices associated with the codebook type.

4. The first network entity of claim 3, wherein each of the plurality of precoding matrices is a respective unitary matrix.

5. The first network entity7of claim 1, wherein the processing system is configured to: receive, from the second network entity, a data communication via a set of beams based on the precoding matrix indicator.

6. The first network entity of claim 1, wherein:the codebook type is the orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array codebook type, and the orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array codebook type comprises a combination of four orthogonal uniform linear array type codebooks.

7. The first network entity of claim 6, wherein the combination comprises, for each antenna element at the second network entity used to transmit the one or more channel state information reference signals, a normalized horizontal weight associated with a respective value from a horizontal column uniform linear array ty pe codebook multiplied by a respective value from a horizontal row uniform linear array type codebook and a normalized vertical weight associated with a respective value from a vertical column uniform linear array type codebook multiplied by a respective value from a vertical row uniform linear array type codebook.

8. The first network entity of claim 1, wherein to receive the one or more channel state information reference signals, the processing system is configured to: receive the one or more channel state information reference signals at a wavelength, wherein the codebook type is based on an antenna spacing at the second network entity used to transmit the one or more channel state information reference signals being approximately equal to the wavelength divided by two.

9. A second network entity for wireless communication, comprising: processing system configured to: transmit, to a first network entity, information that indicates a codebook type associated with a channel state information report procedure, wherein the codebook ty pe is one of an orthogonal uniform linear array type codebook or an orthogonal two- dimensional cross polarized array codebook ty pe; transmit, to the first network entity, one or more channel state information reference signals; and receive, from the first network entity, a channel state information report that includes a precoding matrix indicator in accordance with the codebook type and the channel state information report procedure.

10. The second network entity of claim 9, wherein to transmit the information that indicates the codebook type, the processing system is configured to: transmit an indication of an index associated with the codebook type, wherein a plurality of codebook types are associated with a plurality of respective indices, and wherein the plurality of codebook types comprise the codebook type.

11. The second network entity of claim 9, wherein the precoding matrix indicator is indicative of a selected precoding matrix from a plurality of precoding matrices associated with the codebook type.

12. The second network entity of claim 11. wherein each of the plurality of precoding matrices is a respective unitary matrix.

13. The second network entity' of claim 9, wherein the processing system is configured to: transmit, to the first network entity, a data communication via a set of beams based on the precoding matrix indicator.

14. The second network entity of claim 9, wherein: the codebook type is the orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array codebook type, and the orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array codebook type comprises a combination of four orthogonal uniform linear array type codebooks.

15. The second network entity of claim 14, wherein the combination comprises, for each antenna element at the second network entity' used to transmit the one or more channel state information reference signals, a normalized horizontal weight associated with a respective value from a horizontal column uniform linear array type codebook multiplied by a respective value from a horizontal row uniform linear array ty pe codebook and a normalized vertical weight associated with a respective value from a vertical column uniform linear array type codebook multiplied by a respective value from a vertical row uniform linear array type codebook.

16. The second network entity of claim 9, wherein to transmit the one or more channel state information reference signals, the processing system is configured to: transmit the one or more channel state information reference signals at a wavelength, wherein the codebook type is based on an antenna spacing at the second network entity used to transmit the one or more channel state information reference signals being approximately equal to the wavelength divided by two.

17. A method for wireless communications at a first network entity, comprising: receiving, from a second network entity, information that indicates a codebook type associated with a channel state information report procedure, wherein the codebook type is one of an orthogonal uniform linear array type codebook or an orthogonal two-dimensional cross polarized array codebook type; receiving, from the second network entity, one or more channel state information reference signals; and transmitting, to the second network entity, a channel state information report that includes a precoding matrix indicator in accordance with the codebook type and the channel state information report procedure.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein receiving the information that indicates the codebook type comprises: receiving an indication of an index associated with the codebook type, wherein a plurality of codebook types are associated with a plurality of respective indices, and wherein the plurality of codebook types comprise the codebook type.

19. The method of claim 17, wherein the precoding matrix indicator is indicative of a selected precoding matrix from a plurality7of precoding matrices associated with the codebook type.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein each of the plurality of precoding matrices is a respective unitary matrix.

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