Light-emitting device, display device, imaging device, and electronic apparatus

Abstract

One aspect of the present invention, which is a light-emitting device having improved extraction efficiency for visible light (display light) emitted by a display-light emitting element and infrared light emitted by an infrared-light emitting element, comprises a substrate, a display-light emitting element that is disposed on the substrate, and an infrared-light emitting element. In a plan view of the substrate, the display-light emitting element and the infrared-light emitting element are in a positional relationship so as not to overlap with each other. The light-emitting device further has a first lens into which light from the infrared-light emitting element enters.

Description

Light-emitting device, display device, imaging device and electronic device

[0001] The present invention relates to a light-emitting device, and more particularly to a light-emitting device having an infrared light-emitting function for line-of-sight detection, and a display device, an imaging device, and an electronic device having the same.

[0002] An organic light-emitting element (organic electroluminescence element, organic EL element) is an electronic element having a pair of electrodes (anode and cathode) and an organic compound layer disposed between these electrodes. By injecting electrons and holes from the pair of electrodes, excitons of a light-emitting organic compound in the organic compound layer are generated, and when the excitons return to the ground state, the organic light-emitting element emits light.

[0003] Recent advances in organic light-emitting devices have been remarkable, with advances being made in low driving voltages, diverse emission wavelengths, fast response, and thinner and lighter light-emitting devices. For these reasons, organic light-emitting devices are attracting attention as image display devices for camera viewfinders, head-mounted displays, wearable devices known as smart glasses, and other applications.

[0004] In such a display device, it is desirable to detect the user's line of sight with respect to the display device, thereby detecting the user's gaze point, and reflecting the detected line of sight information in driving the display device.

[0005] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-129999 discloses a device that detects the line of sight by irradiating the eyeball of a user looking into a viewfinder with infrared light as detection light and capturing the light reflected from the eyeball with a detector.

[0006] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2021-15731

[0007] In the display device described in Patent Document 1, a display unit, an infrared light-emitting unit for detecting the line of sight, and an infrared imaging unit are provided on the same substrate. Figures 4A and 4B of Patent Document 1 show an outline of light rays from the organic light-emitting device to a user's eyeball when the organic light-emitting device is used with an optical system. As shown in Figures 4A and 4B, when the display device 1 is used with a display lens 19, visible light is emitted from the display unit 3, while infrared light is emitted from the infrared light-emitting unit 4, and the visible light and infrared light pass through the same display lens 19 to reach the user's eyeball.

[0008] However, when the infrared light irradiated from the infrared light emitting unit onto the eyeball (particularly the cornea) is delivered (projected) to the user's eyeball through the same display lens 19 as the display unit, the amount of light reaching the eyeball is reduced due to reflection and absorption by the display lens 19, making it difficult to detect the user's viewing point, which is a problem.

[0009] The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a technique that is advantageous for improving the efficiency of extracting infrared light in a display device.

[0010] In order to achieve the above object, one aspect of the present invention provides a light-emitting device comprising a substrate, a display light-emitting element and an infrared light-emitting element arranged on the substrate, wherein, in a planar view of the substrate, the display light-emitting element and the infrared light-emitting element are positioned so as not to overlap each other, and the light-emitting device further comprises a first lens onto which light emitted from the infrared light-emitting element is incident.

[0011] According to the present invention, in a light-emitting device, it is possible to improve the extraction efficiency of visible light (display light) emitted by a display light-emitting element and infrared light emitted by an infrared light-emitting element.

[0012] FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of detection of a viewer's line of sight by a light-emitting device according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view showing an example of a light-emitting device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line A-A' of the light-emitting device shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing an example of a light-emitting device according to a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the concept of display image observation. FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing an example of a light-emitting device according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the concept of line of sight detection. FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing another example of a light-emitting device according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a light-emitting device according to a third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing the light-emitting device shown in FIG. 11. FIG. 12 is a schematic view showing another example of a light-emitting device according to the third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 13 is a schematic view showing the light-emitting device shown in FIG. 12. FIG. 14 is a schematic view showing another example of a light-emitting device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 15 is an explanatory view of an example of a light-emitting device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 16 is an explanatory view of another example of a light-emitting device according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 17 is an explanatory view of another example of a light-emitting device according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 18 is an explanatory view of another example of a light-emitting device according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 19 is an explanatory view of another example of a light-emitting device according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 19 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of a light-emitting device according to an eighth embodiment of FIG. 19 is a schematic plan view showing an example of a light-emitting device according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 19 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line B-B' of the light-emitting device shown in FIG. 19. FIG. 19 is a schematic view showing an example of a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 19 is a schematic view showing an example of an imaging device according to the present embodiment. FIG. 19 is a schematic view showing an example of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 19 is a schematic view showing an example of a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 19 is a schematic view showing an example of a foldable display device. FIG. 19 is a schematic view showing an example of a wearable device according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 19 is a schematic view showing another example of a wearable device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0013] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Note that the present invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, and various improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. In the drawings described below, elements having the same functions are designated by the same reference numerals, and their descriptions may be omitted or simplified.

[0014] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the expressions "xx or more and xx or less" and "xx to xx" representing a numerical range mean a numerical range including the lower and upper limits, which are the endpoints. When a numerical range is described in stages, the upper and lower limits of each numerical range can be combined in any way.

[0015] The present invention relates to a light-emitting device having a substrate, a display light-emitting element arranged on the substrate, and an infrared light-emitting element, wherein, in a planar view of the substrate, the display light-emitting element and the infrared light-emitting element are positioned so as not to overlap each other, and the light-emitting device further has a first lens onto which light emitted from the infrared light-emitting element is incident.

[0016] A light-emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a substrate, a display light-emitting element disposed on the substrate, and an infrared light-emitting element. The display light-emitting element and the infrared light-emitting element can be disposed on the substrate directly or via an insulating layer. In the following description, the term "light-emitting element" can be used to encompass both the "display light-emitting element" and the "infrared light-emitting element."

[0017] A display light-emitting element emits light, specifically visible light (display light), and may also be called a pixel or subpixel. A plurality of display light-emitting elements are arranged on a substrate to form a display unit. The display unit enables the formation of display images such as images and characters, and can also be used as a light source for illumination. The display image may be an image (or video) such as a still image or a moving image, and may be a monochrome image or a full-color image. A light-emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention may further include a lens (second lens) onto which light emitted from the display light-emitting element is incident. The second lens may be any optical element, specifically a microlens. The second lens may be disposed on the light-emitting side of the display light-emitting element, for example, on a planarization layer.

[0018] The infrared light-emitting element emits infrared light, and a plurality of such elements are arranged on a substrate to form an infrared light-emitting section (infrared light-emitting region). There are no particular limitations on the configuration of the infrared light-emitting section, as long as it has an infrared light-emitting element that emits infrared light. Therefore, the infrared light-emitting section may also include elements other than infrared light-emitting elements, such as organic light-emitting elements or LED elements.

[0019] In a light-emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention, the display light-emitting element and the infrared light-emitting element may be arranged so as not to overlap each other in a plan view of the substrate. As will be described later, in order to arrange the display light-emitting element and the infrared light-emitting element on the substrate so as not to overlap each other in a plan view, the display light-emitting element and the infrared light-emitting element may be arranged separately on the same substrate, or may be arranged on separate substrates.

[0020] The light emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention further includes a lens (first lens) onto which light emitted from the infrared light emitting element is incident. The first lens may be any optical element, specifically a microlens. The first lens may be disposed on the light emission side of the infrared light emitting element, for example, on a planarization layer.

[0021] The line of sight detection operation of the light emitting device having such a configuration will be described with reference to FIG.

[0022] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the configuration of a light-emitting device 1 according to one embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, the light-emitting device 1 has a display unit 3 and an infrared light-emitting unit 4. The display unit 3 and the infrared light-emitting unit 4 are disposed on an insulating layer 2 provided on a substrate (not shown). The display unit 3 and the infrared light-emitting unit 4 may be disposed directly on the substrate. In FIG. 1, an observer (user) can use the light-emitting device 1 with the main surface of the light-emitting device 1, which includes the light-emitting region of the insulating layer 2, facing the observer (user). Note that an external system (not shown) may exist outside the light-emitting device 1, and the light-emitting device 1 is connected to this external system.

[0023] The display unit 3 has a plurality of display light emitting elements, and emits display light 7 to form a display image or to be used as a light source for illumination.

[0024] On the other hand, the infrared light emitting section 4 has a plurality of infrared light emitting elements, and emits infrared light 8 toward the eyeball 6 of the observer gazing at the displayed image.

[0025] The imaging unit 5 detects the reflected light (infrared reflected light) 9 from the eyeball 6 of the infrared light 8 emitted from the infrared light emitting unit 4 (more specifically, an infrared light emitting element), thereby obtaining an image of the eyeball 6.

[0026] The imaging unit 5 has a light receiving element and an imaging element. The imaging unit 5 may be formed or arranged on the same substrate as the display area 3 and the infrared light emitting unit 4, with an insulating layer interposed if necessary, or may be formed or arranged as a separate member on a substrate different from the substrate on which the display area 3 and the infrared light emitting unit 4 are arranged, with an insulating layer interposed if necessary. An infrared filter that transmits only infrared light may be provided on the light receiving element, as this can reduce false detection due to the incidence of visible light.

[0027] The viewer's line of sight with respect to the displayed image is detected from the captured image of the eyeball 6 obtained by capturing the infrared light 8. Any known method can be applied to the line of sight detection using the captured image of the eyeball 6. As an example, a line of sight detection method based on a Purkinje image formed by reflection of irradiated light on the cornea can be used.

[0028] More specifically, gaze detection processing is performed based on the pupil-corneal reflex method, in which a gaze vector representing the direction (rotation angle) of the eyeball 6 is calculated based on the pupil image and the Purkinje image included in the captured image of the eyeball 6, thereby detecting the viewer's gaze.

[0029] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the following embodiments. Each embodiment is an example of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to these. The features described in each embodiment may be used in combination.

[0030] [First embodiment] The configuration of a light-emitting device according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view showing an example of a light-emitting device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the light-emitting device shown in FIG. 2 taken along line A-A'. Here, the plan view is a view seen from a direction perpendicular to the main surface of the substrate (the normal direction to the main surface), and the cross-sectional view is a view showing a cross section perpendicular to the main surface of the substrate. In this embodiment, the direction of the functional layer including the light-emitting layer relative to the substrate is referred to as the upward direction, and the opposite direction is referred to as the downward direction. In this embodiment of the present invention, the light emission direction is the upward direction.

[0031] The light-emitting device 1 has a display area 10 and a non-display area 11. In Fig. 2, the non-display area 11 is provided so as to surround the display area 10, but this is not limited thereto. For example, the non-display area 11 may be provided along only one side of the display area 10, or along two or three sides of the display area 10.

[0032] 2, a display unit 3 is arranged in the display area 10, and an infrared light emitting unit 4 and an imaging unit 5 are arranged in the non-display area 11. In this embodiment, in a plan view, the infrared light emitting unit 4 is arranged on the left side of the display area 10, and the imaging unit 5 is arranged on the right side of the display area 10, but this is not limited to this. Note that a driving circuit (not shown) including a transistor may be arranged in the non-display area 11 in order to perform appropriate display in the display area 10.

[0033] The display unit 3 has a plurality of display light-emitting elements 100. In FIG. 2, the display light-emitting elements 100 are arranged on an insulating layer 2 provided on a substrate (not shown). The display light-emitting elements 100 may be arranged directly on the substrate. In this case, the substrate may be made of an insulating material to form the insulating layer 2. The display light-emitting elements 100 are arranged two-dimensionally on the insulating layer 2. In FIG. 2, the planar arrangement of the display light-emitting elements is a delta arrangement, but it may also be a stripe arrangement, a square arrangement, a pentile arrangement, or a Bayer arrangement.

[0034] The display light-emitting element 100 emits visible light (display light), i.e., is capable of emitting light, and is also called a pixel or sub-pixel. In the present disclosure, the region in which the display unit 3 is arranged may be called a first light-emitting region. As will be described later, the display light-emitting element 100 may be configured by stacking a lower electrode (first electrode), a functional layer including a light-emitting layer (or a light-emitting substance), and an upper electrode (second electrode) in this order from the substrate side. There are no particular limitations on the color of light emitted from the display light-emitting element 100, and the display light-emitting element 100 may emit red light, green light, blue light, yellow light, white light, etc. Images, etc. can be formed by multiple display light-emitting elements emitting different colors.

[0035] The infrared light-emitting unit 4 has a plurality of infrared light-emitting elements 101. In FIG. 2, the infrared light-emitting elements 101 are arranged on an insulating layer 2 provided on a substrate, similar to the display light-emitting elements 100, but they may also be arranged directly on the substrate. The substrate may also be made of an insulating material so that the substrate forms the insulating layer 2. The infrared light-emitting elements 101 are arranged two-dimensionally on the insulating layer 2, similar to the display light-emitting elements 100. Note that in FIG. 2, the planar arrangement of the infrared light-emitting elements 101 is a delta arrangement, but any of a stripe arrangement, a square arrangement, a pentile arrangement, and a Bayer arrangement may also be used.

[0036] The infrared light-emitting element 101 can emit infrared light. Therefore, there are no particular limitations on the configuration of the infrared light-emitting unit 4, as long as it has an infrared light-emitting element that can emit infrared light. The infrared light-emitting unit 4 may have, for example, an organic light-emitting element or an LED element. In this specification, the region in which the infrared light-emitting unit 4 is arranged may be referred to as the second light-emitting region. As will be described later, the infrared light-emitting element 101 may be configured by laminating a lower electrode (third electrode), a functional layer including a light-emitting layer (or a light-emitting material), and an upper electrode (fourth electrode) in this order from the substrate side.

[0037] As will be described later, both the display light-emitting element and the infrared light-emitting element can be configured using organic light-emitting elements. In this case, the display light-emitting element and the infrared light-emitting element can be manufactured using the same process.

[0038] Fig. 2 shows the planar positional relationship between the display unit 3 and the infrared light emitting unit 4. Fig. 2 shows that the same substrate is partitioned into an area where the display unit 3 is arranged (display area) and an area constituting the infrared light emitting unit 4 (infrared light source area). Therefore, in Fig. 2, the display light emitting element and the infrared light emitting element are positioned so as not to overlap each other in a plan view of the substrate. Note that the display light emitting element and the infrared light emitting element may be arranged separately on the same substrate, or may be arranged on separate substrates.

[0039] The imaging unit 5 has a plurality of light receiving elements. The imaging unit 5 having light receiving elements may have imaging elements sensitive to the infrared region. Examples of light receiving elements that can be selected include photodiodes, organic photoelectric conversion elements, and inorganic photoelectric conversion elements. The imaging unit 5 may be formed on the same substrate as the display unit 3 and the infrared light emitting unit 4, or may be formed on a separate substrate and be a separate component. To reduce false detection due to the incidence of visible light, an infrared filter that transmits only infrared light may be provided on the imaging elements and light receiving elements.

[0040] (Display Light-Emitting Element) The display light-emitting element 100 can be configured by stacking a first electrode, a functional layer including a light-emitting layer (or a light-emitting material), and a second electrode on a substrate in this order from the substrate side. The first electrode and the second electrode are also referred to as a lower electrode and an upper electrode, respectively, based on their positions. In FIG. 3 , the display light-emitting element 100 is configured by stacking a lower electrode (first lower electrode) 12, a functional layer 13 including a light-emitting layer, an upper electrode (first upper electrode) 14, a protective layer 15, and a planarization layer 16 on an insulating layer (insulating film) 2 provided on a substrate (not shown) in this order. Note that in FIG. 3 , reference numeral 18 denotes a pixel separation layer (PDL) provided to cover the peripheral portion of the lower electrode 12 (both ends in FIG. 3 ).

[0041] The pixel separation layer 18 has an opening formed to expose a portion of the lower electrode 12, and is also called a partition wall, bank, etc. The portion of the lower electrode 12 that is not in contact with the pixel separation layer 18 may be in contact with the functional layer 13, which includes a light-emitting layer. The region where the lower electrode 12 and the functional layer 13 are in contact constitutes a light-emitting region 19 that emits light when an electric field is applied between the lower electrode 12 and the upper electrode 14. In this embodiment, the lower electrode 12 and the functional layer 13 are in contact with each other at the opening, and the opening constitutes the light-emitting region 19. In other words, the pixel separation layer 18 may have the function of defining the light-emitting region of the display light-emitting element 100 and may enable the light-emitting region 19 to be formed to have an accurate desired shape. The pixel separation layer 18 may also have the function of electrically insulating the lower electrodes of two adjacent light-emitting elements. Furthermore, if the pixel separation layer 18 is not provided, the light-emitting region 19 may be defined by the shape of the lower electrode 12.

[0042] A protective layer, a color filter, a lens (e.g., a microlens), etc. may be provided on the electrode that constitutes the cathode. In this embodiment, the upper electrode 14 is the cathode and the lower electrode 12 is the anode, but the lower electrode may be the cathode, in which case the upper electrode may be the anode. A planarizing layer may be provided on the protective layer, and when a color filter is provided, the planarizing layer may be provided between the color filter and the protective layer. The planarizing layer may be made of acrylic resin or the like. The same applies when a planarizing layer is provided between the color filter and the lens.

[0043] (Infrared Light-Emitting Element) The infrared light-emitting element 101 can have the same configuration as the display light-emitting element 100. That is, the infrared light-emitting element 101 can also be configured by stacking a third electrode, a functional layer including a light-emitting layer (or a light-emitting substance), and a fourth electrode on a substrate in this order from the substrate side. The third electrode and the fourth electrode are also referred to as a lower electrode and an upper electrode, respectively, based on their positions. In FIG. 3 , the infrared light-emitting element 101 is configured by stacking a lower electrode (second lower electrode) 112, a functional layer 113 including a light-emitting layer, an upper electrode (second upper electrode) 114, a protective layer 115, and a planarization layer 116 on an insulating layer 2 provided on a substrate (not shown) in this order. Note that in FIG. 3 , reference numeral 118 denotes a pixel separation layer provided to cover the periphery of the lower electrode 112. The pixel separation layer 118 is as described above.

[0044] A protective layer, a color filter, a lens (e.g., a microlens), etc. may be provided on the electrode that constitutes the cathode. In this embodiment, the upper electrode 114 is the cathode and the lower electrode 112 is the anode, but the lower electrode may be the cathode, in which case the upper electrode may be the anode. A planarizing layer may be provided on the protective layer, and when a color filter is provided, the planarizing layer may be provided between the color filter and the protective layer. The planarizing layer may be made of acrylic resin or the like. The same applies when a planarizing layer is provided between the color filter and the lens.

[0045] In this embodiment, the infrared light-emitting element 101 has a microlens 117 as a lens (first lens) onto which the emitted light (infrared light) is incident. In FIG. 3 , the microlens 117 is configured as a hemispherical microlens and is arranged on the planarization layer 116. This configuration improves the efficiency of extracting infrared light. Therefore, the amount of infrared light increases, making it possible to project a sufficient amount of infrared light onto the observer's eyeball. In FIG. 3 , the microlens 117 is arranged so that its apex overlaps with the center of the light-emitting region 119 in a planar view. Furthermore, the lens onto which the infrared light is incident can be provided in at least one of the multiple infrared light-emitting elements.

[0046] When the display light-emitting element 100 is an organic light-emitting element, it is preferable that the infrared light-emitting element 101 is also an organic light-emitting element. With this configuration, the display light-emitting element and the infrared light-emitting element can be manufactured in the same process.

[0047] (Substrate) The substrate constituting the light-emitting element is composed of a plate-like member having a main surface, and may be a semiconductor substrate such as a silicon substrate, or an insulating substrate such as glass, quartz, or resin. The substrate may also be flexible. Examples of materials for the substrate include at least one of quartz, glass, silicon, resin, and metal. The substrate may include switching elements such as transistors and wiring. The substrate itself may be insulating, or the substrate may have an insulating layer (insulating film) thereon.

[0048] (Insulating Layer) In this embodiment, an insulating layer 2 is provided on the substrate. The insulating layer may be made of any material as long as it allows for the formation of contact holes so that wiring can be formed between the insulating layer and the lower electrode (first electrode or third electrode) and ensures insulation from unconnected wiring. For example, the insulating layer can be formed from an inorganic material such as silicon nitride (SiN), silicon oxynitride (SiON), or silicon oxide (SiO). The insulating layer can be formed using known techniques such as sputtering or chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The insulating layer can also be formed from an organic material such as acrylic resin or polyimide resin.

[0049] (Electrodes) A ​​pair of electrodes can be used as the electrodes of the light-emitting element. The pair of electrodes may be an anode and a cathode. When an electric field is applied in the direction in which the light-emitting element emits light, the electrode with the higher potential is the anode, and the other is the cathode. It can also be said that the electrode that supplies holes to the light-emitting layer or the light-emitting substance is the anode, and the electrode that supplies electrons is the cathode. In this embodiment, the lower electrode (first electrode, third electrode) is the anode, and the upper electrode (second electrode, fourth electrode) is the cathode (light extraction electrode), but the lower electrode may be the cathode, and in that case, the upper electrode may be the anode.

[0050] (Anode) The material constituting the anode should preferably have as large a work function as possible. For example, simple metals such as gold, platinum, silver, copper, nickel, palladium, cobalt, selenium, vanadium, and tungsten, or mixtures containing these, can be used for the anode. Alternatively, alloys combining these simple metals, or metal oxides such as tin oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO), and zinc indium oxide can be used for the anode. Furthermore, conductive polymers such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polythiophene can also be used for the anode.

[0051] These electrode materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more materials. The anode may be composed of one layer or multiple layers.

[0052] When the electrode of the light-emitting element is configured as a reflective electrode, the electrode material can be, for example, chromium, aluminum, silver, titanium, tungsten, molybdenum, or an alloy or laminate thereof. The above materials can also function as a reflective film without functioning as an electrode. Furthermore, when used as a transparent electrode, a transparent conductive oxide layer such as indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium zinc oxide can be used, but is not limited to these. Photolithography technology can be used to form the electrode.

[0053] (Cathode) On the other hand, materials with a small work function are preferred for the cathode. Examples include simple metals such as alkali metals such as lithium, alkaline earth metals such as calcium, aluminum, titanium, manganese, silver, lead, and chromium, or mixtures containing these metals. Alternatively, alloys combining these simple metals can be used. For example, magnesium-silver, aluminum-lithium, aluminum-magnesium, silver-copper, and zinc-silver can be used. Metal oxides such as indium tin oxide (ITO) can also be used. These electrode materials can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The cathode can have either a single-layer or multi-layer structure. Among these, silver is preferred, and a silver alloy is even more preferred to reduce silver aggregation. The alloy ratio is not important as long as silver aggregation can be reduced. For example, the silver:other metal ratio can be 1:1, 3:1, or the like.

[0054] The cathode may be a top-emission element using an oxide conductive layer such as ITO, or a bottom-emission element using a reflective electrode such as aluminum (Al), and is not particularly limited. The method for forming the cathode is not particularly limited, but DC and AC sputtering methods are more preferable because they provide good film coverage and make it easier to reduce resistance.

[0055] The upper electrode may be arranged separately for each light-emitting element (or for each dummy element 102, which will be described later, when these light-emitting elements and dummy elements are arranged), or may be shared by a plurality of light-emitting elements 100 and a plurality of infrared light-emitting elements 101 (or these light-emitting elements and dummy elements 102), i.e., may be arranged across a plurality of light-emitting elements 100 and a plurality of infrared light-emitting elements 101. Also, the entire display region 10 may be formed by a common upper electrode, i.e., one upper electrode may be arranged in the light-emitting device 1.

[0056] (Functional Layer) The functional layer contains a light-emitting layer or a light-emitting substance and is disposed on the lower electrode. The functional layer can be formed by known techniques such as vapor deposition or spin coating. The functional layer may be formed as a single layer or as multiple layers. Examples of multiple layers include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, a light-emitting layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer. Other layers such as a charge generation layer and an electron blocking layer may be included between these layers.

[0057] The light-emitting layer or light-emitting material emits light by recombining holes injected from the anode and electrons injected from the cathode in the functional layer. The light-emitting layer or light-emitting material may be inorganic or organic. When the light-emitting layer or light-emitting material is organic, the light-emitting device can be called an "organic light-emitting device," and the "light-emitting element" can be called an organic light-emitting element. When the functional layer is an organic compound layer, the organic compound layer may be composed primarily of organic compounds and may also contain inorganic atoms or inorganic compounds. For example, it may contain copper, lithium, magnesium, aluminum, iridium, platinum, molybdenum, zinc, etc. Note that when the light-emitting layer or light-emitting material in the functional layer of the display light-emitting element is organic, i.e., when the display light-emitting element is composed of an organic light-emitting element, it is preferable that the infrared light-emitting element is also an organic light-emitting element. In this case, it is possible to manufacture the display light-emitting element and the infrared light-emitting element using the same process.

[0058] The functional layer may be disposed between the lower electrode and the upper electrode, or may be disposed in contact with the lower electrode and the upper electrode.

[0059] The light-emitting material forming the light-emitting layer may be a material such as a fluorescent material, a phosphorescent material, or a delayed fluorescent material, or may be quantum dots such as CdS or perovskite. The light-emitting substance may be any of these materials or a substance that constitutes quantum dots. The light-emitting layer may have multiple layers or may be a single layer. When there are multiple light-emitting layers, any of the light-emitting layers may contain a red light-emitting material, a green light-emitting material, and a red light-emitting material, and white light can be obtained by mixing the respective light-emitting colors. Furthermore, any of the functional layers may contain light-emitting materials of complementary colors, such as a blue light-emitting material and a yellow light-emitting material. Furthermore, different colors may be emitted by changing the materials or configuration contained in the light-emitting layer for each light-emitting pixel.

[0060] When a functional layer capable of emitting light in a wavelength range from the visible to the infrared region is selected as the functional layer, the display light-emitting element 100 and the infrared light-emitting element 101 may have one light-emitting layer. In other words, a plurality of display light-emitting elements and a plurality of infrared light-emitting elements may share one light-emitting layer. On the other hand, a light-emitting layer may be provided for each of the display light-emitting elements and the infrared light-emitting elements. In this case, the light-emitting layer may be patterned for each of the light-emitting elements 100 and the infrared light-emitting element 101.

[0061] (Organic Compound Layer) When the functional layer including the light-emitting layer is an organic compound layer, the organic compound layer (hole injection layer, hole transport layer, electron blocking layer, light-emitting layer, hole blocking layer, electron transport layer, electron injection layer, etc.) can be formed using a dry process such as vacuum deposition, ionization deposition, sputtering, plasma, etc. Alternatively, instead of a dry process, a wet process can be used in which the compound is dissolved in an appropriate solvent and a layer is formed by a known coating method (e.g., spin coating, dipping, casting, LB method, inkjet method, etc.). Note that when a layer is formed by vacuum deposition or solution coating, crystallization is unlikely to occur and the layer has excellent stability over time. Furthermore, when forming a film by a coating method, a film can also be formed by combining it with an appropriate binder resin.

[0062] Examples of binder resins include, but are not limited to, polyvinyl carbazole resin, polycarbonate resin, polyester resin, ABS resin, acrylic resin, polyimide resin, phenolic resin, epoxy resin, silicone resin, and urea resin. These binder resins may be used singly or in combination as homopolymers or copolymers. If necessary, known additives such as plasticizers, antioxidants, and ultraviolet absorbers may be used in combination.

[0063] (Pixel Separation Layer) The pixel separation layer (PDL) is formed of a silicon nitride (SiN) film, a silicon oxynitride (SiON) film, or a silicon oxide (SiO) film formed using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. In order to increase the in-plane resistance of the functional layer, particularly the organic compound layer, it is preferable that the organic compound layer, particularly the hole transport layer, be formed thinly on the sidewall of the pixel separation layer. Specifically, the thickness of the sidewall of the pixel separation layer can be made thin by increasing the taper angle of the sidewall of the pixel separation layer or the thickness of the pixel separation layer, thereby increasing vignetting during vapor deposition.

[0064] On the other hand, it is preferable to adjust the sidewall taper angle and film thickness of the pixel separation layer to such an extent that voids are not formed in the protective layer formed thereon. Since voids are not formed in the protective layer, the occurrence of defects in the protective layer can be reduced. Since the occurrence of defects in the protective layer is reduced, it is possible to reduce deterioration in reliability, such as the occurrence of dark spots and poor conduction of the upper electrode (second or fourth electrode).

[0065] According to this embodiment, charge leakage to adjacent pixels can be effectively suppressed even if the taper angle of the sidewall of the pixel separation layer is not steep. As a result of studies by the inventors, it was found that charge leakage can be sufficiently reduced if the taper angle is in the range of 60 degrees or more and 90 degrees or less. The thickness of the pixel separation layer is preferably 10 nm or more and 150 nm or less. Similar effects can also be achieved even if the pixel electrode is composed only of a pixel electrode without a pixel separation layer. However, in this case, it is preferable to make the thickness of the pixel electrode half or less of the functional layer, or to make the edge of the pixel electrode forward tapered at less than 60 degrees, because this reduces short circuits in light-emitting elements, particularly organic light-emitting elements.

[0066] (Light-Emitting Region) The light-emitting region may be identified by observing the light emission when an electric field is applied from a direction perpendicular to the main surface of the substrate. Alternatively, the light-emitting region may be identified by measuring the distance from one end of the pixel separation layer covering the left edge of the lower electrode to the other end of the pixel separation layer covering the right edge of the lower electrode. In a cross-sectional view, the light-emitting region can be identified by measuring the distance from the end of one pixel separation layer covering the left edge of the lower electrode to the end of another pixel separation layer covering the right edge of the lower electrode. The end of the pixel separation layer may be the contact point between the pixel separation layer and the lower electrode. The planar shape of the light-emitting region is not particularly limited and may be, for example, circular or elliptical, or may be polygonal, such as hexagonal or rectangular, or may have other shapes. Alternatively, multiple light-emitting regions may be provided for one light-emitting element by arranging openings in the pixel separation layer so that multiple openings are assigned to one light-emitting element.

[0067] When the light-emitting region has a polygonal shape, for example, the center of the inscribed circle of the polygon can be understood as the center of the light-emitting region. When the light-emitting region has a circular or elliptical shape, the center of the circle or ellipse can be understood as the center of the light-emitting region. Alternatively, when the light-emitting surface when an electric field is applied to the light-emitting region is viewed from a direction perpendicular to the light-emitting surface, the center of gravity of the figure defined by the outer edge of the light-emitting region can be understood as the center of the light-emitting region. Note that when viewed from a cross section perpendicular to the main surface of the substrate, the midpoint of the light-emitting region can be understood as the center of the light-emitting region. The midpoint of the light-emitting region may be a point on the line segment between the left end of the lower electrode and the right end of the lower electrode, equidistant from both ends.

[0068] (Protective Layer) A protective layer may be provided on the upper electrode of the light-emitting element. For example, by adhering glass with a moisture absorbent to the second electrode, the intrusion of water and the like into the functional layer, particularly the organic compound layer, can be reduced, thereby reducing the occurrence of display defects. In another embodiment, a passivation film such as silicon nitride may be provided on the cathode to reduce the intrusion of water and the like into the functional layer. For example, after forming the cathode, the cathode may be transported to another chamber without breaking the vacuum, and a 2 μm-thick silicon nitride film may be formed by CVD to serve as a protective layer. A protective layer may be provided using atomic layer deposition (ALD) after the CVD film formation. The material of the film formed by ALD is not limited, and may be silicon nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, etc. Silicon nitride may be further formed on the film formed by ALD by CVD. The film formed by ALD may have a thickness smaller than that of the film formed by CVD. Specifically, it may be 50% or less, or even 10% or less. A protective layer may be disposed across a plurality of display elements and a plurality of infrared light-emitting elements (or these light-emitting elements and dummy elements, which will be described later).

[0069] (Electrode or Layer Formation Between Light-Emitting Elements) When a common electrode or layer exists between one light-emitting element and another light-emitting element (or between these light-emitting elements and dummy elements described later), this electrode or layer may be disposed so as to extend between the one light-emitting element and another light-emitting element (or between these light-emitting elements and dummy elements described later) as long as it does not adversely affect the light extraction structure. For example, the upper electrode may be shared by a plurality of light-emitting elements 100 and a plurality of infrared light-emitting elements 101. Furthermore, the entire surface of the display region 10 may be formed by a common upper electrode.

[0070] In this embodiment, the functional layer including the light-emitting layer, the upper electrode, the protective layer, and the planarization layer are shared by a plurality of light-emitting elements 100 and a plurality of infrared light-emitting elements 101. One lower electrode is provided for each of the light-emitting elements 100 and the infrared light-emitting elements 101, and two adjacent lower electrodes are electrically insulated from each other by a pixel separation layer.

[0071] (Color Filter) For the light-emitting element, a color filter may be provided on the protective layer. For example, a color filter taking into account the size of the light-emitting element may be provided on a separate substrate and then bonded to the substrate on which the light-emitting element is provided, or a color filter may be patterned on the protective layer described above using photolithography technology. The color filter may be made of a polymer. Note that a color filter may also be provided above the light-receiving element, for example, on the incident side of light (received light).

[0072] Regarding the color filter, when the color filter is viewed in a cross section perpendicular to the main surface of the substrate, the midpoint of the color filter can be understood as the center of the color filter.

[0073] (Planarization Layer) When a color filter is provided on the protective layer, the light-emitting element may have a planarization layer (planarization film) between the color filter and the protective layer. The planarization layer is provided for the purpose of reducing unevenness of the underlying layer. When the purpose is not limited, the planarization layer may also be called a resin layer. The planarization layer may be composed of an organic compound, and may be either a low molecular weight compound or a high molecular weight compound, but a high molecular weight compound is preferred.

[0074] The planarizing layer may be provided above or below the color filter, and may be made of the same or different materials, such as polyvinyl carbazole resin, polycarbonate resin, polyester resin, ABS resin, acrylic resin, polyimide resin, phenol resin, epoxy resin, silicone resin, and urea resin.

[0075] (Lens) The light-emitting element may have a lens on its light-emitting side, for example, on the planarization layer. The light-receiving element may also have a lens on its upper side, for example, on the light-receiving side. The lens may be provided on the light-extraction side of the light-emitting device, and the convex direction of the lens may point toward the light-extraction side. The lens may be an optical element, such as a microlens. In this embodiment, the infrared light-emitting element 101 has a microlens 117 as a lens (first lens) on its light-extraction side, as shown in FIG. 3 . The lens may be not only a spherical lens, but also an aspherical lens, an asymmetric lens, or a digital microlens. The lens may be a lens with a small diameter. The lens may be made of acrylic resin, epoxy resin, or the like. The lens may be intended to increase the amount of light extracted from the light-emitting element and control the direction of the extracted light.

[0076] The lens may have a hemispherical shape. When the lens has a hemispherical shape, among the tangents to the hemisphere, there is a tangent that is parallel to the main surface of the substrate, and the point of contact between this tangent and the hemisphere is the vertex of the lens. The vertex of the lens can be determined in the same way in any cross-sectional view. That is, among the tangents to the semicircle of the lens in the cross-sectional view, there is a tangent that is parallel to the main surface of the substrate, and the point of contact between this tangent and the semicircle is the vertex of the lens. Note that the vertex of the lens can also be defined in the same way when the lens has a curved lens shape, such as an elliptical lens or a parabolic lens, other than a hemispherical lens.

[0077] The midpoint of the lens can also be defined. In the cross section of the lens, a line segment is imagined from the point where an arc shape ends to the point where another arc shape ends, and the midpoint of this line segment can be called the midpoint of the lens. The cross section for determining the vertex and midpoint may be a cross section perpendicular to the main surface of the substrate.

[0078] The lens has a first surface having a convex portion and a second surface opposite the first surface. It is preferable that the second surface is disposed closer to the functional layer than the first surface. To achieve such a configuration, it is necessary to form a lens on the light-emitting element. When the functional layer is an organic layer, it is preferable to avoid processes that result in high temperatures during the manufacturing process. Furthermore, when the functional layer is an organic compound layer and the second surface is disposed closer to the organic compound layer than the first surface, it is preferable that the glass transition temperatures of all organic compounds that make up the organic compound layer are 100°C or higher, and more preferably 130°C or higher.

[0079] (Counter Substrate) An counter substrate may be disposed on the planarization layer. The counter substrate is called a counter substrate because it is provided at a position corresponding to the above-mentioned substrate. The constituent material of the counter substrate may be the same as that of the above-mentioned substrate. When the above-mentioned substrate is the first substrate, the counter substrate can be the second substrate.

[0080] (Microcavity Structure) The display light-emitting element and the infrared light-emitting element may have a so-called microcavity structure. In this embodiment, when the display light-emitting element 100 and the infrared light-emitting element 101 have a microcavity structure, the following formula (1) holds, where Lr is the optical path length from the upper surface of the lower electrode 12 to the light-emitting position of the functional layer 13, and Φr is the phase shift when light of wavelength λ is reflected at the interface of the lower electrode 12. Lr=(2m-(Φr / π))×(λ / 4) (1)

[0081] Here, m is an integer equal to or greater than 0. The optical path length of the functional layer 13 can be optimized for each color so as to satisfy the above formula (1).

[0082] If the wavelength λ satisfies the formula (1), the light of each color emitted by the display light-emitting element 100 is intensified, but even if a wavelength λ within a range of values ​​shifted by ±λ / 12 is used, the light emitted by the display light-emitting element 100 and the infrared light-emitting element 101 can be intensified. That is, a wavelength λ that satisfies the following formula (2) may be adopted. Lr=(2m-(Φr / π))×(λ / 4)±λ / 12 (2)

[0083] Furthermore, if the optical distance from the light-emitting position of the functional layer 13 to the reflecting surface of the upper electrode 14 is Ls and the phase shift when light of wavelength λ is reflected at the interface of the upper electrode 14 is Φs, the following equation (3) holds true. Note that m' is an integer equal to or greater than 0. Ls = (2m' - (Φs / π)) × (λ / 4) = - (Φs / π) × (λ / 4) ... (3)

[0084] Furthermore, similarly to formula (1), if the wavelength λ satisfies formula (3), the light emitted by the display light-emitting element 100 is intensified, but the light emitted by the display light-emitting element 100 can also be intensified using a wavelength λ within a range of values ​​deviated by ±λ / 12. That is, in this embodiment, a wavelength λ that satisfies the following formula (4) may be adopted: Ls=(2m'-(Φs / π))×(λ / 4)±λ / 12=-(Φs / π)×(λ / 4)±λ / 12 (4)

[0085] Therefore, the total layer interference L approximately satisfies the following formula (5): L1=Lr+Ls=(2m-Φ / π)×(λ / 4) (5)

[0086] Here, Φ is the sum of the phase shifts Φr+Φs when light of wavelength λ is reflected at the interface of the lower electrode 12 and the interface of the upper electrode 14 .

[0087] Furthermore, although the wavelength λ that satisfies formula (5) is most intensified, the light emitted by the display light-emitting element 100 and the infrared light-emitting element 101 can also be intensified using a wavelength λ within a range of values ​​that deviate by ±λ / 12. That is, in this embodiment, a wavelength λ that satisfies the following formula (6) may be adopted: L1=Lr+Ls=(2m-Φ / π)×(λ / 4)±λ / 12 (6)

[0088] The optical distances of the display light-emitting element and the display infrared light-emitting element may be different. By adopting such a configuration, the display light-emitting element can be configured to have a distance that intensifies visible light (display light), and the infrared light-emitting element can be configured to have a distance that intensifies infrared light emission.

[0089] With the above configuration, the display light-emitting element 100 and the infrared light-emitting element 101 share the functional layer 13, and the display light-emitting element 100 mainly emits visible light, while the infrared light-emitting element 101 emits infrared light.

[0090] 4A and 4B are schematic diagrams showing an example of a light-emitting device according to a second embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the light-emitting device 1 is used together with an eyepiece optical system 20 to form an image observation device, as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B. In other words, this embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that an eyepiece optical system is used. Other than that, this embodiment is similar to the first embodiment.

[0091] Fig. 4A is a schematic diagram showing the concept of detecting the observer's line of sight, and Fig. 4B is a schematic diagram showing the concept of the observer observing a display image. Display light (visible light) 7 and infrared light 8 emitted from the light-emitting device 1 pass through the same eyepiece optical system 20 and reach the observer's eyeball 6. The display light 7 is projected onto the observer's eyeball 6, allowing the observer to observe the display image. Meanwhile, the infrared light 8 is reflected by the observer's eyeball 6 (more specifically, the cornea). Furthermore, the infrared light (reflected infrared light) 9 reflected by the observer's eyeball 6 is converted into electrical information by the imaging unit 5, and the line of sight is detected based on that information.

[0092] The eyepiece optical system 20 may be an optical element that enables the display light 7 emitted from the display surface of the display unit 3 to be guided to the eyeball 6. In this embodiment, the eyepiece optical system 20 is composed of a display lens. In Figures 4A and 4B, the display lens is composed of a pancake lens having two lenses (optical elements): a lens 20a having a polarization-selective semi-transmissive reflector (PBS) or the like, and a lens 20b having a semi-transmissive reflector or the like.

[0093] The eyepiece optical system 20 may be an optical component including a polarizing element. Generally, the amount of visible light and infrared light passing through a polarizing element is reduced. Therefore, a reduction in the amount of visible light reduces the display quality of the displayed image, and a reduction in the amount of infrared light reduces the accuracy of gaze detection. However, in this embodiment, the infrared light-emitting element 101 includes a microlens 117, which improves the extraction efficiency of infrared light. As a result, the amount of infrared light increases, making it possible to deliver a sufficient amount of infrared light to the observer's eyeball 6.

[0094] In this embodiment, the light-emitting device 1 is configured so that the display light 7 and the infrared light 8 pass through the same eyepiece optical system (display lens) 20, but it may also be configured so that separate optical elements are provided as eyepiece optical systems for the display light and the infrared light, and the display light and the infrared light pass through the respective optical elements.

[0095] The eyepiece optical system 20 may be configured to have an optical element that blocks only infrared light. Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing another example of a light-emitting device according to a second embodiment of the present invention. In Fig. 5, the eyepiece optical system 20 has an optical element that blocks only infrared light. With this configuration, the infrared light 8 passes through (without passing through) the eyepiece optical system 20 and reaches the viewer's eyeball 6.

[0096] In this embodiment, the positional relationship between the center of the light-emitting region of the infrared light-emitting element 101 and the apex of the lens (microlens) directly above this light-emitting region is different from that in the second embodiment. Other than that, the present embodiment is similar to the second embodiment.

[0097] Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a light-emitting device according to a third embodiment of the present invention. The configuration of Fig. 6 is the same as that of Fig. 3 (second embodiment), except that the lens (first lens) of the infrared light-emitting element 101 is composed of an asymmetric microlens 121 having an asymmetric shape.

[0098] In Fig. 3, the lens (first lens) arranged directly above light-emitting region 119 is a symmetrical microlens 117 that has a hemispherical shape, i.e., a symmetrical shape, whereas in Fig. 6, the lens arranged directly above light-emitting region 119 is an asymmetrical microlens 121, but the arrangement positions of these lenses are the same in Fig. 3 and Fig. 6. In other words, in Fig. 6, the apex of microlens 121 is shifted with respect to the center of light-emitting region 119. Note that "X is shifted with respect to Y" here means that X and Y do not overlap with each other in a plan view when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the main surface of the substrate and / or in a cross-sectional view when a cross section perpendicular to the main surface of the substrate is viewed, and X and Y are separated by a certain distance.

[0099] In FIG. 6 , the apex of the microlens 121 directly above the light-emitting region 119 is shifted by a lens shift amount of 300 in a cross-sectional view in a direction toward the center O of the light-emitting device 1 (to the left in FIG. 6 ) relative to the center of the light-emitting region 119. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6 , the infrared light 8 emitted from the light-emitting region 119 is bent in an oblique direction (a direction tilted from the normal direction) relative to the normal direction of the display surface (the main surface of the substrate) so as to be incident on the viewer's eyeball 6. Note that the "lens shift amount" (hereinafter simply referred to as "shift amount" or "shift amount") here refers to the relative shift amount between the apex of the microlens and the center of the light-emitting region in a planar view and / or a cross-sectional view. This shift amount can also be understood as the distance between the apex of the microlens and the center of the light-emitting region.

[0100] The effect of configuring the lens (first lens) disposed on the infrared light emitting element 101 as an asymmetric microlens 121 when radiating the infrared light 8 toward the viewer's eyeball 6 will be described.

[0101] Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram showing how infrared light is incident on the viewer's eyeball in the light-emitting device shown in Fig. 6. Note that some of the light-emitting elements are omitted from Fig. 7. Specifically, only the lower electrode 12 and pixel separation layer 18 of some of the display light-emitting elements 100 that make up the display unit 3, and the lower electrode 112, pixel separation layer 118, and asymmetric microlens 121 of some of the infrared light-emitting elements 101 that make up the infrared light-emitting unit 4 are shown, and light-emitting elements arranged between each light-emitting element (pixel) are omitted for convenience.

[0102] 7 , display light (visible light) 7 emitted from the display unit 3 (specifically, its display light-emitting element 100) is delivered (reaches) the viewer's eyeball 6 through the eyepiece optical system 20. Meanwhile, in FIG. 7 , the vertices of the microlenses 121 are offset from the center of the light-emitting region 119 as described above, so that the infrared light 8 emitted from the infrared light-emitting unit 4 (specifically, its infrared light-emitting element 101) is bent in a direction oblique to the normal to the display surface (toward the upper left in FIG. 7 ). Therefore, the infrared light 8 does not pass through the eyepiece optical system 20, and the transmitted infrared light 8 can be delivered directly to the viewer's eyeball 6. In this case, the reduction of infrared light by the eyepiece optical system (optical element) 20 can be suppressed.

[0103] In Figures 6 and 7, the change in the positional relationship between the center of the light-emitting area and the apex of the lens (microlens) directly above this light-emitting area is achieved by using an asymmetric microlens as the lens arranged directly above the light-emitting area, i.e., a lens in which the center of the lens (the center of gravity of the shape formed by the lines connecting the ends of the lens in a planar view) and the center of the light-emitting area overlap in a planar view, but the apex of the lens is offset from the center of the light-emitting area in a planar view, thereby shifting the apex of the lens from the center of the light-emitting area; however, the present invention is not limited to this.

[0104] Fig. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another example of the light-emitting device according to the present embodiment. The configuration of Fig. 8 is the same as that of Fig. 7 except that the lens (first lens) of the infrared light-emitting element 101 is composed of a symmetrical microlens, and the lens is arranged so that its vertex is offset from the center of the light-emitting region.

[0105] In FIG. 8, the lens 117 placed directly above the light-emitting area 119 is a symmetrical microlens, as in FIG. 3, but the microlens 117 is placed so that its apex is offset from the center of the light-emitting area 119.

[0106] 8, the microlens 117 directly above the light-emitting region 119 is disposed so that its vertex is shifted from the center of the light-emitting region 119 by a lens shift amount of 300 in a cross-sectional view in a direction toward the center O of the light-emitting device 1 (to the left in FIG. 8). Therefore, the infrared light 8 does not pass through the eyepiece optical system 20, and the transmitted infrared light 8 can be delivered directly to the observer's eyeball 6. As a result, the reduction of infrared light by the eyepiece optical system 20 can be suppressed.

[0107] Note that, when the apex of the lens is shifted from the center of the light-emitting region, this may be done for at least one of the infrared light-emitting elements. Furthermore, when multiple infrared light-emitting elements are arranged, when the apex of the lens is shifted from the center of the light-emitting region, asymmetric microlenses may be provided for all of the infrared light-emitting elements, or symmetric microlenses may be arranged with their apex shifted from the center of the light-emitting region. Furthermore, asymmetric microlenses may be provided for some of the infrared light-emitting elements, and symmetric microlenses may be arranged with their apex shifted from the center of the light-emitting region for the remaining elements.

[0108] There are no particular limitations on the direction or amount (shift amount) of shifting the lens. For example, in the case of an infrared light-emitting element, the vertex of the lens can be shifted in a predetermined direction by a predetermined amount so that infrared light is bent in a direction oblique to the normal direction of the display surface and delivered directly to the viewer's eyeball. Furthermore, when multiple infrared light-emitting elements are arranged, the direction and amount of shifting the lens may be the same within the light-emitting device (particularly the main surface of its substrate), or may be the same only in part.

[0109] Fourth Embodiment In the present invention, the display light emitting element 100 may have a lens (second lens) onto which the emitted light (visible light) is incident.

[0110] 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a light-emitting device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, each display light-emitting element 100 has a microlens 17 as a lens (second lens) onto which its emitted light (visible light) is incident. That is, this embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the display light-emitting element 100 also has a lens (second lens) onto which its emitted light (visible light) is incident. Other than that, this embodiment is similar to the first embodiment.

[0111] 9, the infrared light-emitting element 101 has a microlens 117 on the planarization layer 116, and the display light-emitting element 100 also has a microlens 17 on the planarization layer 116. With this configuration, not only the efficiency of extracting infrared light but also the efficiency of extracting visible light (display light) is improved. Therefore, the amount of visible light and infrared light increases, making it possible to deliver sufficient amounts of visible light and infrared light to the observer's eyeball 6. When multiple display light-emitting elements 100 are arranged, a lens (second lens) onto which the emitted light (visible light) is incident can be arranged on at least one of the display light-emitting elements 100.

[0112] 9, the microlenses 17 and 117 are configured as symmetrical microlenses having a hemispherical shape, i.e., a symmetrical shape, and are arranged so that their vertices overlap the centers of the light-emitting regions 19 in a plan view. The configuration of the lens (second lens) onto which the light emitted (visible light) from the display light-emitting element 100 is incident is the same as that of the lens (first lens) onto which infrared light is incident, as described in the first embodiment.

[0113] [Fifth embodiment] Even when the display light-emitting element has a lens (second lens) into which its light is incident, for at least one of the infrared light-emitting elements, the positional relationship between the center of the light-emitting region of the infrared light-emitting element and the apex of the lens (first lens) directly above this light-emitting region may be changed, and the apex of the lens may be shifted from the center of the light-emitting region.

[0114] Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a light-emitting device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. Note that, like Fig. 7, some of the light-emitting elements are omitted in Fig. 10. The configuration in Fig. 10 is the same as that in Fig. 7, except that each display light-emitting element 100 has a lens (second lens) onto which its emitted light (visible light) is incident.

[0115] 10, the display light emitting element 100 has symmetrical microlenses 17a to 17e on the planarizing layer 16. Therefore, the efficiency of extracting visible light (display light) is improved.

[0116] Furthermore, in FIG. 10 , the lens disposed directly above the light-emitting region 119 of the infrared light-emitting element 101 is an asymmetric microlens 121. That is, in FIG. 10 , the apex of the microlens 121 is offset from the center of the light-emitting region 119. Specifically, in FIG. 10 , the apex of the microlens 121 directly above the light-emitting region 119 is offset from the center of the light-emitting region 119 by 300 minutes in a cross-sectional view in a direction toward the center O of the light-emitting device 1 (toward the left in FIG. 10 ). Therefore, as shown in FIG. 10 , the infrared light 8 emitted from the light-emitting region 119 is bent in an oblique direction (a direction tilted from the normal direction) with respect to the normal direction of the display surface (the main surface of the substrate) so as to be incident on the viewer's eyeball 6. Therefore, the infrared light 8 does not pass through the eyepiece optical system 20, and the transmitted infrared light 8 can be delivered directly to the viewer's eyeball 6. In this case, the reduction of infrared light by the eyepiece optical system (optical member) 20 can be suppressed.

[0117] Therefore, in FIG. 10 , not only the efficiency of extracting infrared light but also the efficiency of extracting visible light (display light) is improved, so that the amounts of visible light and infrared light increase, and it is possible to deliver a sufficient amount of visible light and infrared light to the eyeball 6 of the observer.

[0118] The positional relationship between the center of the light-emitting region and the apex of the lens (second lens) directly above the light-emitting region may be changed for at least one of the display light-emitting elements 100. In this case, the lens may be configured as an asymmetric microlens.

[0119] Fig. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another example of the light-emitting device according to the present embodiment. In Fig. 10, the lenses (second lenses) 17a to 17e arranged directly above the light-emitting regions 19a to 19e are all hemispherical, i.e., symmetrical microlenses 17, whereas in Fig. 11, the lenses are asymmetrical microlenses 21b to 21e except for the lens arranged directly above the light-emitting region 19a. However, the positions of these lenses are the same in Fig. 10 and Fig. 11. That is, in Fig. 11, the vertices of the microlenses 21b to 21e are shifted from the centers of the light-emitting regions 19b to 19e.

[0120] 11 , the apex of microlens 21b directly above light-emitting region 19b is shifted by 300b in a cross-sectional view with respect to the center of light-emitting region 19b in a direction from the center O toward the outside P (periphery) of light-emitting device 1 (leftward in FIG. 11 ). Similarly, the apex of microlens 21c directly above light-emitting region 19c is shifted by 300c from the center of light-emitting region 19c in a direction from the center O toward the outside of light-emitting device 1, the apex of microlens 21d directly above light-emitting region 19d is shifted by 300d from the center of light-emitting region 19d, and the apex of microlens 21e directly above light-emitting region 19e is shifted by 300e from the center of light-emitting region 19e in a direction from the center O toward the outside Q (periphery) of light-emitting device 1 (rightward in FIG. 11 ). The light emitting areas 19b to 19e have the same size, and the shift amounts 300b to 300e also have the same size.

[0121] 11, the microlens 17a directly above the light-emitting region 19a is a symmetrical microlens, and its apex is not offset from the center of the light-emitting region 19a. The microlens 17a directly above the light-emitting region 19a may be offset at the center O (the amount of offset does not have to be 0). In other words, the apex of the microlens does not have to be located at the center O of the light-emitting device 1.

[0122] In FIG. 11 , the light-emitting device 1 is used with an eyepiece optical system (display lens) 20. In the central region located at the center of the display area 10, light rays directed in the normal direction (front direction) to the display surface are utilized. Regarding the display light-emitting elements, for example, in FIG. 11 , the display light-emitting elements closer to P or Q than the center O are the outer display light-emitting elements. Furthermore, the display light-emitting elements farther from the center O are the outer display light-emitting elements. Meanwhile, in the peripheral region located on the periphery of the display area 10, specifically the region where the outer display light-emitting elements are located, light rays bent in a direction oblique to the normal direction to the display surface are utilized, and the light rays are incident on the observer's eyeball 6 and form an image. That is, in the display light-emitting elements located in the peripheral region, it is possible to utilize light emitted from these light-emitting elements at a wide angle. Therefore, the extraction efficiency of visible light emitted in a direction oblique to the normal direction to the display surface is improved in the peripheral region.

[0123] In addition, when the apex of the lens (second lens) is shifted relative to the center of the light-emitting region, this may be done for at least one of the display light-emitting elements. Furthermore, when the apex of the lens is shifted relative to the center of the light-emitting region, asymmetric microlenses may be provided for all of the display light-emitting elements, or symmetric microlenses may be arranged with their apex shifted relative to the center of the light-emitting region. Furthermore, asymmetric microlenses may be provided for some of the display light-emitting elements, and symmetric microlenses may be arranged with their apex shifted relative to the center of the light-emitting region for the remaining elements. Furthermore, there are no particular limitations on the direction or amount of lens shift (shift amount), and when multiple infrared light-emitting elements are arranged, they may be the same within the light-emitting device (particularly the main surface of its substrate), or only some of them may be the same.

[0124] [Sixth embodiment] Even when a display light-emitting element has a lens (second lens) through which its light is incident, in order to improve the extraction efficiency of visible light and / or infrared light, the lens (second and / or first lens) may be arranged so that its apex is shifted from the center of the light-emitting region for at least one of the display light-emitting element and the infrared light-emitting element.

[0125] Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a light-emitting device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. Note that, as in Fig. 7, some of the light-emitting elements are omitted in Fig. 12. The configuration of Fig. 12 is the same as that of Fig. 10, except that the lens (first lens) of the infrared light-emitting element 101 is composed of a symmetrical microlens and is arranged so that its vertex is offset from the center of the light-emitting region.

[0126] 12, the lens 117 arranged directly above the light-emitting region 119 of the infrared light-emitting element 101 is a symmetrical microlens, as in Fig. 9, but the microlens 117 is arranged so that its apex is offset from the center of the light-emitting region 119. In the display light-emitting element 100, the apexes of the microlenses 17a to 17e arranged directly above the light-emitting regions 19a to 19e are not offset from the centers of the light-emitting regions 19b to 19e, as in the configuration of Fig. 10.

[0127] Specifically, in Fig. 12, the microlens 117 directly above the light-emitting region 119 is disposed so that its vertex is shifted from the center of the light-emitting region 119 by a lens shift amount of 300 in a cross-sectional view in a direction toward the center O of the light-emitting device 1 (to the left in Fig. 12). Therefore, the infrared light 8 does not pass through the eyepiece optical system 20, and the transmitted infrared light 8 can be delivered directly to the observer's eyeball 6. As a result, the reduction of infrared light by the eyepiece optical system 20 can be suppressed. Note that there are no particular limitations on the direction or amount (shift amount) of lens shift. When multiple infrared light-emitting elements are disposed, they may be identical within the light-emitting device (particularly the main surface of its substrate), or only some of them may be identical.

[0128] Fig. 13 is an explanatory diagram of another example of a light-emitting device according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. Note that, as in Fig. 7, some of the light-emitting elements are omitted in Fig. 13. The configuration of Fig. 13 is the same as the configuration of Fig. 12, except that the lenses (second lenses) of the display light-emitting element 100 are all composed of symmetrical microlenses, and some of the lenses are arranged so that their vertices are offset from the center of the light-emitting region.

[0129] 13, lenses 17a to 17e arranged directly above light-emitting regions 19a to 19e are symmetrical microlenses, similar to the configuration in Fig. 10, but among these lenses, microlenses 17b to 17e are arranged so that their vertices are offset from the centers of light-emitting regions 19b to 19e. Note that in Fig. 13, microlens 17a directly above light-emitting region 19a is not arranged so that its vertex is offset from the center of light-emitting region 19a, but it may be arranged so that it is offset at a point at the center O (the amount of offset does not have to be zero). In other words, the vertex of the microlens does not have to be located at the center O of light-emitting device 1.

[0130] 13, microlens 17b directly above light-emitting region 19b is disposed so that its apex is offset by 300b in a cross-sectional view from the center O of light-emitting device 1 toward the outside P (to the left in FIG. 13) relative to the center of light-emitting region 19b. Similarly, microlens 17c directly above light-emitting region 19c is disposed so that its apex is offset by 300c from the center of light-emitting region 19c in a direction from the center O of light-emitting device 1 toward the outside, microlens 17d directly above light-emitting region 19d is disposed so that its apex is offset by 300d from the center of light-emitting region 19d, and microlens 17e directly above light-emitting region 19e is disposed so that its apex is offset by 300e from the center of light-emitting region 19e in a direction from the center O of light-emitting device 1 toward the outside Q (to the right in FIG. 13). In other words, in Figure 13, among the microlenses arranged in the display unit 3, the microlenses 17d and 17e that are arranged outside Q (to the right in Figure 13) from the center O of the light-emitting device 1 and the microlens 117 arranged in the infrared light-emitting unit 4 are displaced in different directions.

[0131] Therefore, in the central region located at the center of the display area 10, light rays directed in the normal direction (front direction) to the display surface are utilized. On the other hand, in the peripheral region located on the periphery of the display area 10, i.e., specifically, in the region where the display light emitting elements arranged on the outside are present, light rays bent in a direction oblique to the normal direction to the display surface are utilized, and the light rays are incident on the viewer's eyeball 6 and form an image. As a result, in the peripheral region, the extraction efficiency of visible light emitted in a direction oblique to the normal direction to the display surface is improved.

[0132] The offset of the vertex of the lens (second lens) directly above the light-emitting region of the display light-emitting element 100 relative to the center of the light-emitting region may be gradually varied within the light-emitting device 1 (within the main surface of the substrate). In FIG. 13 , microlenses 17b to 17e are arranged so that the offset (shift amount) gradually increases toward the outer edges P and Q (periphery). Specifically, in FIG. 13 , the offset amount 300c of microlens 17c is greater than the offset amount 300b of microlens 17b, and the offset amount 300e of microlens 17e is greater than the offset amount 300d of microlens 17d. In this manner, the offset (shift amount) of the microlenses may continuously increase from the center O of the display region or the light-emitting device toward the outer edge. Alternatively, the amount of change in the offset amount may increase or decrease toward the outer edge. In this case, the amount of offset need not be zero at the center O of the light-emitting device 1. In other words, the apex of the microlens does not have to be located at the center O of the light emitting device 1 .

[0133] In this embodiment, the light-emitting region 119 of the infrared light-emitting element 101 is configured to be slightly larger than the light-emitting regions 17a to 17e of the display light-emitting element 100. The size of the light-emitting regions may be the same or different within the light-emitting device, and the size may increase continuously or stepwise in a predetermined direction.

[0134] [Seventh embodiment] Even when the light receiving element constituting the light receiving section of the imaging unit 5 has a lens (third lens) into which infrared light emitted from the infrared light emitting element is incident, for at least one of the light receiving areas, the positional relationship between the center of the light receiving area and the apex of the lens (third lens) directly above this light receiving area may be changed, and the apex of the lens may be shifted from the center of the light receiving area.

[0135] When the light receiving region has a polygonal shape, the center of the inscribed circle of the polygon can be understood as the center of the light receiving region. When the light receiving region has a circular or elliptical shape, the center of the circle or ellipse can be understood as the center of the light receiving region. Alternatively, the center of gravity of the planar shape of the light receiving region can be understood as the center of the light receiving region. When viewed in a cross section perpendicular to the main surface of the substrate, the midpoint of the light receiving region can be understood as the center of the light receiving region. The midpoint of the light receiving region may be a point equidistant from both edge portions of the light receiving region.

[0136] Fig. 14 is an explanatory diagram of an example of a light-emitting device according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention. As in Fig. 7, some of the light-emitting elements and light-receiving elements are omitted in Fig. 14. The configuration of Fig. 14 is the same as that of Fig. 13, except that a microlens 23 is also provided as a lens (third lens) in the light-receiving region 22 that receives infrared light emitted by the infrared-emitting element 101.

[0137] In Figure 14, the positional relationship between the center of the light-receiving area 22 and the apex of the microlens 23 directly above the light-receiving area 22 has changed. Specifically, in Figure 14, the microlens 23 directly above the light-receiving area 22 is positioned so that its apex is shifted from the center of the light-receiving area 22 by a lens shift amount of 300g in a cross-sectional view in a direction toward the center O of the light-emitting device 1 (to the right in Figure 14). The light-receiving area 22 detects reflected light 9 (infrared reflected light) of infrared light 8 from the eyeball, thereby obtaining an image of the eyeball. With this configuration, the reflected light 9 from the eyeball is bent in a direction oblique to the normal to the display surface, while the microlens 23 onto which the reflected light 9 is incident is shifted toward the center O of the light-emitting device 1, allowing the light to be delivered efficiently to the light-receiving unit (particularly the light-receiving element constituting the light-receiving unit).

[0138] 14, the positional relationship between the center of the light-receiving area and the apex of the lens (microlens) directly above this light-receiving area is changed by configuring the lens (third lens) as a symmetric microlens and positioning the lens so that its apex is shifted from the center of the light-receiving area. However, this positional relationship may also be changed by using an asymmetric microlens as the lens, i.e., by using a lens whose apex is shifted from the center of the light-receiving area.

[0139] Furthermore, this change in positional relationship may be performed for at least one of the multiple light-receiving elements. Furthermore, when the apex of the lens is shifted relative to the center of the light-receiving area, all of the light-receiving elements may have asymmetric microlenses, or symmetric microlenses may be arranged with their apex shifted relative to the center of the light-receiving area. Furthermore, some of the light-receiving elements may have asymmetric microlenses, and the remaining light-receiving elements may have symmetric microlenses with their apex shifted relative to the center of the light-receiving area. There are no particular limitations on the direction or amount (shift amount) of shifting the lens (third lens), and the lens may be the same as that of all or some of the light-emitting elements within the light-emitting device (particularly the main surface of the substrate), or it may be different from that of all the light-emitting elements.

[0140] Eighth Embodiment The light emitting element and / or the light receiving element may have a color filter.

[0141] 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a light-emitting device according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention. The configuration of Fig. 15 is the same as that of Fig. 9, except that color filters 24a to 24d are disposed on the planarization layers 16 and 116.

[0142] In Figure 15, pixels (display light-emitting elements) each including color filters 24a to 24c are considered sub-pixels, and these three sub-pixels can be considered as one main pixel. There are no particular restrictions on the colors of the sub-pixels, but the sub-pixels are preferably red, green, and blue, and additive color mixing of these sub-pixels enables full-color display. Color filter 24d is a color filter that transmits infrared light. According to the configuration of Figure 15, light emitted from light-emitting region 19 passes through color filters 24a to 24c, thereby increasing color purity.

[0143] As with the lenses (first and second lenses), the positional relationship between the center of the light-emitting region 19, 119 and the color filters 24a to 24d (e.g., their centers) directly above the light-emitting region 19, 119 may be changed, and for example, the color filters 24a to 24d may be arranged so that their centers are offset from the centers of the light-emitting region 19, 119.

[0144] The "center of the color filter" can be understood to be the midpoint of the color filter when viewed in a cross section perpendicular to the main surface of the substrate. The midpoint of the color filter may be a point equidistant from both edges of the color filter.

[0145] Fig. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a light-emitting device according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention. The configuration shown in Fig. 16 is the same as that shown in Fig. 15, except that color filters 24a to 24d and microlenses 17a to 17c, 117a, and 117b are arranged so as to be shifted toward the center O of the light-emitting device 1 (to the left in Fig. 16) with respect to the centers of light-emitting regions 19a to 19c, and 119.

[0146] There are no particular limitations on the amount of offset of the color filters. For example, as shown in FIG. 16 , a color filter may be located on the line connecting the vertex C of the microlens and the central end C' of the light-emitting region, or on the line connecting the vertex E of the microlens and the central end E' of the light-emitting region. A color filter may also be located on the line connecting the end D of the microlens and the end D' of the light-emitting region, or on the line connecting the end F of the microlens and the end F' of the light-emitting region. Furthermore, at least two types of color filters may be located on the line connecting the vertex of the microlens directly above one light-emitting region and another light-emitting region adjacent to the light-emitting region. This configuration can reduce the possibility of light from an adjacent light-emitting region being unintentionally emitted from a microlens.

[0147] 16, light emitted from light-emitting region 19b passes through color filter 24b and can be bent obliquely by microlens 17b, without passing through color filters 24a and 24c of other sub-pixels, thereby increasing color purity. Furthermore, light emitted from light-emitting region 119a passes through color filter 24d and can be bent obliquely by microlens 117a, without passing through color filters 24a to 24c of other sub-pixels, thereby increasing the amount of infrared light.

[0148] Fig. 17 is an explanatory diagram of another example of a light-emitting device according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention. In Fig. 17, lenses 17a to 17e are arranged directly above light-emitting regions 19a to 19e in the display unit 3, with color filters 24a to 24c, 24e, and 24f interposed between them. These lenses are symmetrical microlenses, as in the configuration of Fig. 10. However, microlenses 17b to 17e are arranged such that their vertices are offset from the centers of light-emitting regions 19b to 19e. Furthermore, color filters 24a, 24b, 24e, and 24f are also arranged such that they are offset from the centers of light-emitting regions 19b to 19e, respectively.

[0149] 17, lens 117, which is disposed directly above light-emitting region 119 in infrared light-emitting unit 4 with color filter 24d interposed therebetween, is a symmetrical microlens, but microlens 117 is disposed so that its apex is offset from the center of light-emitting region 119, and color filter 24d is also disposed so that it is offset from the center of light-emitting region 119. Color filter 24d is a color filter that transmits infrared light.

[0150] Furthermore, in Figure 17, within the imaging unit 5, the lens 23 arranged directly above the light-receiving area 22 via the color filter 24g is a symmetrical microlens, but the microlens 23 is arranged so that its apex is offset from the center of the light-receiving area 22, and the color filter 24g is also arranged so that it is offset from the center of the light-receiving area 22.

[0151] The configuration of FIG. 17 is similar to the configuration of FIG. 15 except for the above points.

[0152] Specifically, in Figure 17, the color filter 24b and microlens 17b directly above the light-emitting region 19b are arranged so that, in a cross-sectional view, the color filter 24b is shifted by 400b and the microlens 17b is shifted by 300b from its vertex relative to the center of the light-emitting region 19b in a direction from the center O of the light-emitting device 1 toward the outside P (to the left in Figure 17).

[0153] Similarly, the color filter 24a and microlens 17c directly above the light-emitting region 19c are shifted from the center of the light-emitting region 19b by an amount of 400c for the color filter 24a and an amount of 300c for the apex of the microlens 17c, in the direction from the center O of the light-emitting device 1 toward the outside. The color filter 24e and microlens 17d directly above the light-emitting region 19d are shifted from the center of the light-emitting region 19d by an amount of 400d for the color filter 24e and an amount of 300d for the apex of the microlens 17d. The color filter 24f and microlens 17e directly above the light-emitting region 19e are shifted from the center of the light-emitting region 19e by an amount of 400e for the color filter 24f and an amount of 300e for the apex of the microlens 17e, in the direction from the center O of the light-emitting device 1 toward the outside Q (to the right in Figure 17).

[0154] Similarly, the color filter 24d and the microlens 117 directly above the light-emitting area 119 are positioned so that the apex of the color filter 24d is shifted by 400f from the center of the light-emitting area 119, and the apex of the microlens 117 is shifted by 300f toward the center O of the light-emitting device 1 (to the left in Figure 17).

[0155] Furthermore, similarly, the color filter 24g and the microlens 23 directly above the light receiving area 22 are positioned so that the apex of the color filter 24g is shifted by 400g from the center of the light receiving area 22, and the apex of the microlens 23 is shifted by 300g toward the center O of the light emitting device 1 (to the right in Figure 17).

[0156] In other words, in Figure 17, the directions in which the microlenses arranged in the display unit 3, including microlenses 17d, 17e and color filters 24e, 24f arranged outside Q (to the right in Figure 17) from the center O of the light-emitting device 1, and the microlens 23 and color filter 24g arranged in the imaging unit 5, are shifted are different from those of the microlens 117 and color filter 24d arranged in the infrared light-emitting unit 4.

[0157] The amount of displacement of the vertices of the lenses (first to third lenses) directly above the light-emitting region or the color filters relative to the center of the light-emitting region or the light-receiving region may be gradually changed within the light-emitting device 1 (within the main surface of the substrate). In Figure 17 (and Figure 18), the microlenses 17b to 17e and the color filters 24a, 24b, 24e, and 24f are arranged so that the amount of displacement (displacement) gradually increases toward the outside P, Q (periphery). In this way, a configuration may be adopted in which the displacement (displacement amount) of the color filters and microlenses continuously increases from the center O of the display region or the light-emitting device toward the outside.

[0158] In the color filters and microlenses directly above the light-emitting region and the light-receiving region, the amount of shift of the microlenses may be greater than the amount of shift of the color filters, as shown in FIG. 17 , or the amount of shift of the color filters and the amount of shift of the microlenses may be the same. FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram of another example of a light-emitting device according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention. The configuration of FIG. 18 is the same as the configuration of FIG. 17 except that the amount of shift (shift) of the microlenses 17b to 17e and the color filters 24a, 24b, 24e, and 24f is the same (300b to 300e). In either case, the color purity can be increased because the light does not pass through the color filters of other subpixels.

[0159] 17 and 18, the positional relationship between the center of the light-emitting region or light-receiving region and the apex of the lens (microlens) directly above the light-emitting region or light-receiving region is changed by configuring the lenses (first to third lenses) as symmetrical microlenses and arranging the lenses so that their apexes are displaced from the center of the light-emitting region or light-receiving region. However, the positional relationship may also be changed by using asymmetrical microlenses as the lenses, i.e., by using lenses whose apexes are displaced from the center of the light-emitting region or light-receiving region.

[0160] [Ninth Embodiment] Fig. 19 is a schematic plan view showing an example of a light-emitting device according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 20 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line BB' of the light-emitting device shown in Fig. 19. The configuration of this embodiment is similar to that of Fig. 13 except that it has a dummy pixel portion 25.

[0161] In this embodiment, a dummy pixel unit 25 is disposed between the display unit 3 and the infrared light-emitting unit 4, and the dummy pixel unit 25 includes a plurality of dummy elements 102. In FIG. 19 , the dummy elements 102, like the display light-emitting elements 100 and the infrared light-emitting elements 101, are two-dimensionally arranged on an insulating layer 2 provided on a substrate. In FIG. 19 , the planar arrangement of the dummy elements 102 is a delta arrangement, but it is sufficient that the dummy elements 102 are two-dimensionally arranged between the display unit 3 and the infrared light-emitting unit 4 to form the dummy pixel unit 25. Therefore, there are no particular limitations on the arrangement of the dummy elements 102, and the arrangement can be appropriately selected from the delta arrangement, stripe arrangement, square arrangement, pentile arrangement, Bayer arrangement, and the like, depending on the planar arrangement of the display light-emitting elements 100 and the infrared light-emitting elements 101. The dummy elements 102 can also be disposed directly on the substrate.

[0162] The dummy element 102 may be configured by laminating a dummy lower electrode, a dummy functional layer, and a dummy upper electrode in this order from the substrate side. In Fig. 20 , the dummy element 102, like the display light-emitting element 100 and the infrared light-emitting element 101, is configured by laminating a dummy lower electrode 212, a dummy functional layer 213, a dummy upper electrode 214, a dummy protective layer 215, and a dummy planarizing layer 216 in this order on an insulating layer 2 provided on a substrate (not shown), and the periphery of the dummy lower electrode 212 is covered with a dummy pixel separation layer 218. In Fig. 20 , the dummy functional layer, dummy upper electrode, dummy protective layer, and dummy planarizing layer are shared with the functional layer, upper electrode, protective layer, and planarizing layer of the display light-emitting element 100 and the infrared light-emitting element 101, respectively. That is, the display light-emitting element 100, the infrared light-emitting element 101, and the dummy element 102 are each composed of one functional layer, one upper electrode, one protective layer, and one planarization layer. The dummy functional layer may or may not include a light-emitting layer or a light-emitting material.

[0163] In this embodiment, the microlenses 17a to 17c directly above the light-emitting regions 19a to 19c of the display light-emitting element 100 are arranged with their vertices offset from the centers of the light-emitting regions 19a to 19c in a direction from the center O toward the outside Q of the light-emitting device 1 (to the right in FIG. 20 ). On the other hand, the microlens 117 directly above the light-emitting region 119 of the infrared light-emitting element 101 is arranged with its vertex offset from the center of the light-emitting region 119 in a direction toward the center O of the light-emitting device 1 (to the left in FIG. 20 ).

[0164] When the microlenses 17a to 17c of the display light-emitting element 100 are shifted outward from the center O of the light-emitting device 1, and the microlens 117 of the infrared light-emitting element 101 is shifted toward the center O of the light-emitting device 1, the microlenses 17a to 17c of the display light-emitting element 100 and the microlens 117 of the infrared light-emitting element 101 are shifted in directions approaching each other. Therefore, depending on the amount of shift (shift amount), there are restrictions on the selection of the type, size, and arrangement position of the lenses, such as the lenses colliding with each other.

[0165] In this embodiment, the dummy elements 102 are disposed between the display light-emitting elements 100 and the infrared light-emitting elements 101, so that even if a large amount of lens misalignment is required when arranging the lenses, the lenses can be relatively displaced. This improves the degree of freedom in selecting the type, size, and arrangement position of the lenses (microlenses).

[0166] The dummy element 102 may have a protective layer, a color filter, a microlens, etc. on the electrode (dummy upper electrode). In FIG. 20 , the dummy element 102 has a dummy protective layer, a dummy color filter 21e, and a dummy microlens 217. The color filters, lenses, etc. provided on the dummy element 102 may have the same configuration as the color filters, lenses, etc. used in the display light-emitting element 100 and the infrared light-emitting element 101. This configuration stabilizes the shape of the outermost periphery of the display area. Therefore, in the light-emitting device, shape stability is improved, and the extraction efficiency of visible light and infrared light is improved while maintaining the quality of the entire screen.

[0167] In this embodiment, a dummy pixel unit 25 is also disposed between the display unit 3 and the imaging unit 5. Therefore, since the dummy elements 102 are disposed between the display light-emitting elements 100 and the light-receiving elements, even if a large amount of lens misalignment is required when arranging the lenses, the lenses can be relatively misaligned. This improves the degree of freedom in selecting the type, size, and arrangement position of the lenses (microlenses).

[0168] [Pixel Circuit] A light-emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention may have a pixel circuit connected to a light-emitting element. The pixel circuit may be an active matrix type that controls the emission of one light-emitting element independently of another. The active matrix type circuit may be voltage-programmed or current-programmed. The drive circuit has a pixel circuit for each pixel. The pixel circuit may have a light-emitting element, a transistor that controls the emission brightness of the light-emitting element, a transistor that controls the emission timing, a capacitor that holds the gate voltage of the transistor that controls the emission brightness, and a transistor for connecting to GND without going through the light-emitting element.

[0169] A light-emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention may have a display area and a peripheral area (non-display area) arranged around the display area. A pixel circuit may be arranged in the display area, and a display control circuit may be arranged in the peripheral area. The mobility of a transistor constituting the pixel circuit may be smaller than the mobility of a transistor constituting the display control circuit. The slope of the current-voltage characteristics of a transistor constituting the pixel circuit may be smaller than the slope of the current-voltage characteristics of a transistor constituting the display control circuit. The slope of the current-voltage characteristics can be measured by the so-called Vg-Ig characteristics. The transistor constituting the pixel circuit is a transistor connected to a light-emitting element such as a first light-emitting element.

[0170] [Pixel] A light-emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention may have a plurality of pixels. Each pixel may have sub-pixels, i.e., display light-emitting elements, that emit different colors from each other. The sub-pixels may each emit RGB light, for example. The pixel emits light in an area also called a pixel aperture. This area is the same as the first area. The pixel aperture may be 15 μm or less, or 5 μm or more. More specifically, it may be 11 μm, 9.5 μm, 7.4 μm, 6.4 μm, etc. The distance between the sub-pixels may be 10 μm or less, specifically, 8 μm, 7.4 μm, or 6.4 μm.

[0171] The pixels may have a known arrangement in plan view. For example, they may be a stripe arrangement, a delta arrangement, a pentile arrangement, or a Bayer arrangement. The shape of the sub-pixels in plan view may be any known shape. For example, they may be rectangular, quadrilaterals such as diamonds, or hexagons. Note that a sub-pixel shape that is close to a rectangle is considered to be included in the rectangle. Therefore, the shape of the sub-pixels may be a shape that approximates any of the known shapes described above. A pixel can be configured by combining the shape of the sub-pixels and the pixel arrangement.

[0172] [Uses of the Light-Emitting Device According to an Embodiment of the Invention] The light-emitting device according to an embodiment of the invention can be used as a component of a display device or a lighting device. Other uses include an exposure light source for an electrophotographic image forming device, a backlight for a liquid crystal display device, and a light-emitting device having a white light source and a color filter.

[0173] The display device may be an image information processing device having an image input unit that inputs image information from an area CCD, a linear CCD, a memory card, etc., an information processing unit that processes the input information, and displays the input image on the display unit.

[0174] The display unit of the imaging device or inkjet printer may have a touch panel function. The driving method of this touch panel function may be an infrared method, a capacitance method, a resistive film method, or an electromagnetic induction method, and is not particularly limited. The display device may also be used in the display unit of a multifunction printer.

[0175] Hereinafter, application examples of the light emitting device will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 21 to 24B.

[0176] FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a display device using the light-emitting device according to this embodiment. The display device 1000 may include a touch panel 1003, a display panel 1005, a frame 1006, a circuit board 1007, and a battery 1008 between an upper cover 1001 and a lower cover 1009. The touch panel 1003 and the display panel 1005 are connected via flexible printed circuits FPCs 1002 and 1004. An active element such as a transistor may be disposed on the circuit board 1007. In FIG. 21 , transistors are printed on the circuit board 1007. The battery 1008 may not be provided if the display device is not a portable device, and may be disposed in a different location even if the display device is a portable device. The light-emitting device according to this embodiment can be applied to the display panel 1005. The display area (light-emitting area) of the light-emitting device functioning as the display panel 1005 is connected to and operates with active elements such as transistors disposed on the circuit board 1007.

[0177] The display device may have color filters having red, green, and blue colors, the red, green, and blue colors being arranged in a delta configuration.

[0178] The display device may be used as a display unit of a mobile terminal. In this case, the display device may have both a display function and an operation function. Examples of the mobile terminal include a mobile phone such as a smartphone, a tablet, and a head-mounted display.

[0179] A display device using the light-emitting device according to this embodiment may be used as a display unit of an imaging device having an optical unit with multiple lenses and an imaging element that receives light that has passed through the optical unit. The imaging device may have a display unit that displays information acquired by the imaging element. The display unit may be a display unit exposed to the outside of the imaging device or a display unit located within a viewfinder. The imaging device may be a digital camera or a digital video camera.

[0180] 22A is a schematic diagram showing an example of an imaging device using the display device according to this embodiment. The imaging device 1100 may have a viewfinder 1101, a rear display 1102, an operation unit 1103, and a housing 1104. The light-emitting device according to this embodiment can be applied to the viewfinder 1101 or the rear display 1102, which are the display units. In this case, the display area (light-emitting area) of the light-emitting device may display not only the image to be captured, but also environmental information, imaging instructions, etc. The environmental information may include the intensity of external light, the direction of external light, the speed at which the subject is moving, the possibility that the subject will be blocked by an obstruction, etc.

[0181] Since the optimum timing for capturing an image is often a short time, it is better to display information as soon as possible. Therefore, it is preferable to use light-emitting elements using organic light-emitting materials such as organic EL elements, that is, light-emitting devices in which organic light-emitting elements are arranged in the display area (light-emitting area), for the viewfinder 1101 and rear display 1102. This is because organic light-emitting elements have a fast response speed. Light-emitting devices using organic light-emitting elements can be used more preferably than liquid crystal display devices, which require high display speed.

[0182] The imaging device 1100 has an optical section (not shown). The optical section has multiple lenses, which form an image on an imaging element housed in a housing 1104. The focus of the multiple lenses can be adjusted by adjusting their relative positions. This operation can also be performed automatically. The imaging device may also be called a photoelectric conversion device. Instead of sequentially capturing images, the photoelectric conversion device may include an imaging method that detects the difference from the previous image, or a method of cutting out an image that is constantly being recorded.

[0183] The light-emitting device according to the present embodiment may be applied to the display unit of an electronic device. In this case, the light-emitting device may have both a display function and an operation function. Examples of the portable terminal include a mobile phone such as a smartphone, a tablet, and a head-mounted display.

[0184] FIG. 22B is a schematic diagram showing an example of an electronic device using the light-emitting device according to this embodiment. The electronic device 1200 has a display unit 1201, an operation unit 1202, and a housing 1203. The housing 1203 may have a circuit, a printed circuit board having the circuit, a battery, and a communication unit. The operation unit 1202 may be a button or a touch panel type reaction unit. The operation unit may be a biometric recognition unit that recognizes a fingerprint to unlock the device, etc. An electronic device having a communication unit can also be called a communication device. The electronic device may further have a camera function by including a lens and an image sensor. An image captured by the camera function is displayed on the display unit. Examples of the electronic device include a smartphone, a laptop computer, etc. The light-emitting device according to this embodiment can be applied to the display unit 1201.

[0185] 23A and 23B are schematic diagrams showing an example of a display device using the light-emitting device according to this embodiment. Fig. 23A shows a display device such as a television monitor or a PC monitor. The display device 1300 has a frame 1301 and a display unit 1302. The light-emitting device according to this embodiment can be applied to the display unit 1302.

[0186] The display device 1300 may have a frame 1301 and a base 1303 that supports a display unit 1302. The base 1303 is not limited to the form shown in FIG. 23A . The lower side of the frame 1301 may also serve as the base. The frame 1301 and the display unit 1302 may be curved. The radius of curvature may be 5000 mm or more and 6000 mm or less.

[0187] FIG. 23B is a schematic diagram illustrating another example of a display device using the light-emitting device according to this embodiment. The display device 1310 in FIG. 23B is configured to be bendable, and is a so-called foldable display device. The display device 1310 has a first display unit 1311, a second display unit 1312, a housing 1313, and a bending point 1314. The light-emitting device according to this embodiment can be applied to the first display unit 1311 and the second display unit 1312. The first display unit 1311 and the second display unit 1312 may be a single display unit without any joints. The first display unit 1311 and the second display unit 1312 can be separated by the bending point. The first display unit 1311 and the second display unit 1312 may each display different images, or the first and second display units may display a single image.

[0188] 24A and 24B , a further application example of the light-emitting device of this embodiment will be described. The light-emitting device can be applied to systems that can be worn as wearable devices, such as smart glasses, head-mounted displays (HMDs), and smart contact lenses. An image capturing and displaying device used in such an application example includes an image capturing device capable of photoelectrically converting visible light and a displaying device capable of emitting visible light.

[0189] 24A illustrates glasses 1600 (smart glasses) according to one application example. An imaging device 1602 such as a CMOS sensor or a SPAD is provided on the front side of a lens 1601 of the glasses 1600. In addition, a light-emitting device according to this embodiment is provided on the back side of the lens 1601.

[0190] The glasses 1600 further include a control device 1603. The control device 1603 functions as a power source that supplies power to the image capture device 1602 and the light emitting device according to each embodiment. The control device 1603 also controls the operations of the image capture device 1602 and the light emitting device. The lens 1601 is formed with an optical system for focusing light onto the image capture device 1602.

[0191] FIG. 24B illustrates glasses 1610 (smart glasses) according to one application example. The glasses 1610 include a control device 1612. The control device 1612 is equipped with an imaging device corresponding to the imaging device 1602 and a light-emitting device (or a display device including the same). A lens 1611 is formed with an optical system for projecting light emitted from the light-emitting device in the control device 1612, and an image is projected onto the lens 1611. The control device 1612 functions as a power source that supplies power to the imaging device and the light-emitting device and controls the operation of the imaging device and the light-emitting device. The control device may also include a gaze detection unit that detects the wearer's gaze. Infrared light may be used for gaze detection. The infrared light-emitting unit emits infrared light toward the eyeball of a user gazing at a displayed image. An imaging unit with a light-receiving element detects the reflected light of the emitted infrared light from the eyeball, thereby obtaining an image of the eyeball. By including a reduction unit that reduces light from the infrared light-emitting unit to the display unit in a planar view, degradation of image quality is reduced.

[0192] The gaze of the user relative to the displayed image is detected from an image of the eyeball obtained by capturing infrared light. Any known method can be used for gaze detection using an image of the eyeball. One example is a gaze detection method based on the Purkinje image formed by reflection of irradiated light on the cornea.

[0193] More specifically, gaze detection processing is performed based on the pupil-corneal reflex method, which calculates a gaze vector representing the direction (rotation angle) of the eyeball based on the pupil image and Purkinje image included in the captured image of the eyeball, thereby detecting the user's gaze.

[0194] A light emitting device according to an embodiment of the present invention may have an imaging device having a light receiving element, and may control a display image based on information on the user's line of sight from the imaging device.

[0195] Specifically, a display device having a light-emitting device determines a first display area where a user gazes and a second display area other than the first display area based on line-of-sight information. The first display area and the second display area may be determined by a control device of the display device, or may be determined by an external control device and received. In the display area of ​​the display device, the display resolution of the first display area may be controlled to be higher than the display resolution of the second display area. In other words, the resolution of the second display area may be lower than that of the first field of view area.

[0196] The display area includes a first display area and a second display area different from the first display area, and a high-priority area is determined from the first display area and the second display area based on line-of-sight information. The first field of view area and the second field of view area may be determined by a control device of the display device, or may be determined by an external control device and received. The resolution of the high-priority area may be controlled to be higher than the resolution of areas other than the high-priority area. In other words, the resolution of an area with a relatively low priority may be lowered.

[0197] Note that AI may be used to determine the first display area and the area with high priority. The AI ​​may be a model configured to estimate the angle of gaze and the distance to an object in the line of sight from the image of the eyeball, using as training data an image of the eyeball and the actual direction in which the eyeball in the image was looking. The AI ​​program may be included in the light-emitting device, the display device, the imaging device, or an external device. If included in the external device, it is transmitted to the light-emitting device via communication.

[0198] When display control is performed based on visual recognition detection, the smart glasses can be preferably applied to smart glasses that further include an imaging device for capturing images of the outside world. The smart glasses can display captured external information in real time.

[0199] The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications and variations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the following claims are appended to apprise the public of the scope of the present invention.

[0200] This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-049555, filed March 26, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0201] REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 Light-emitting device 12, 112 Lower electrode 13, 113 Functional layer including light-emitting layer 14, 114 Upper electrode 17, 21 Second lens 19, 119 Light-emitting region 20 Eyepiece optical system 22 Light-receiving region 23 Third lens 24 Color filter 100 Light-emitting element 101 Infrared light-emitting element 102 Dummy element 117, 121 First lens 300, 400 Displacement amount

Claims

1. A light emitting device comprising a substrate, a display light emitting element and an infrared light emitting element arranged on the substrate, wherein the display light emitting element and the infrared light emitting element are positioned so as not to overlap each other in a plan view of the substrate, and the light emitting device further comprises a first lens onto which light emitted from the infrared light emitting element is incident.

2. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the apex of the first lens disposed directly above the light emitting region of the infrared light emitting element is offset from the center of the light emitting region.

3. The light-emitting device according to claim 2, characterized in that the apex of the first lens arranged directly above the light-emitting region of the infrared light-emitting element is shifted toward the center of the light-emitting device relative to the center of the light-emitting region.

4. The light emitting device according to claim 1, further comprising a second lens onto which light emitted from said display light emitting element is incident.

5. The light-emitting device described in claim 4, characterized in that the apex of the first lens arranged directly above the light-emitting region of the infrared light-emitting element is offset from the center of the light-emitting region, and / or the apex of the second lens arranged directly above the light-emitting region of the display light-emitting element is offset from the center of the light-emitting region.

6. The light-emitting device according to claim 4, wherein the apex of the first lens arranged directly above the light-emitting region of the infrared light-emitting element is offset from the center of the light-emitting region, and the apex of the second lens arranged directly above the light-emitting region of the display light-emitting element is offset from the center of the light-emitting region.

7. The light-emitting device described in claim 6, characterized in that the direction in which the apex of the first lens arranged directly above the light-emitting region of the infrared light-emitting element is offset from the center of the light-emitting region is different from the direction in which the apex of the second lens arranged directly above the light-emitting region of the display light-emitting element is offset from the center of the light-emitting region.

8. The light-emitting device described in claim 7, wherein the apex of the first lens arranged directly above the light-emitting region of the infrared light-emitting element is shifted toward the center of the light-emitting device relative to the center of the light-emitting region, and the apex of the second lens arranged directly above the light-emitting region of the display light-emitting element is shifted outward from the center of the light-emitting device relative to the center of the light-emitting region.

9. A light-emitting device according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the amount or size of the deviation of the apex of the first lens, which is located directly above the light-emitting region of the infrared light-emitting element, from the center of the light-emitting region is approximately the same throughout the light-emitting device.

10. A light-emitting device according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the amount or size of the deviation of the apex of the second lens, which is located directly above the light-emitting area of ​​the display light-emitting element, from the center of the light-emitting area gradually changes within the light-emitting device.

11. A light-emitting device according to any one of claims 4 to 8, further comprising a light-receiving element disposed on the substrate for receiving light emitted by the infrared light-emitting element, the light-receiving element having a third lens.

12. The light emitting device according to claim 11, wherein the apex of the third lens disposed directly above the light receiving area of ​​the light receiving element is offset from the center of the light receiving area.

13. The light-emitting device described in claim 12, characterized in that the direction in which the apex of the second lens, which is arranged directly above the light-emitting area of ​​the display light-emitting element, is offset from the center of the light-emitting area is different from the direction in which the apex of the third lens, which is arranged directly above the light-receiving area of ​​the light-receiving element, is offset from the center of the light-receiving area.

14. A light-emitting device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that a dummy element is provided between the display light-emitting element and the infrared light-emitting element, and at least one of the first lens and the second lens is disposed on the dummy element.

15. The light-emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the display light-emitting element and the infrared light-emitting element are disposed on an insulating film.

16. A display device comprising the light-emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 8 and a transistor connected to the light-emitting device.

17. An imaging device comprising an optical section having a plurality of lenses, an imaging element that receives light that has passed through said optical section, and a display section that displays an image captured by said imaging element, wherein said display section comprises a light-emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

18. An electronic device comprising: a display unit having a light-emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 8; a housing in which the display unit is provided; and a communication unit provided in the housing for communicating with the outside.

19. An electronic device comprising an optical section having a plurality of lenses and a light-emitting device in which visible light emitted from a display light-emitting element passes through the optical section and is irradiated onto the pupil, the light-emitting device comprising the light-emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

20. An electronic device comprising an optical section having a plurality of lenses and a light-emitting device in which infrared light emitted from an infrared light-emitting element is irradiated onto the pupil without passing through the optical section, the light-emitting device comprising the light-emitting device according to any one of claims 2 to 8.

21. An electronic device having a light-emitting device including an optical section having a plurality of lenses and a light-receiving element that receives infrared light emitted from an infrared light-emitting element without passing through the optical section, the light-emitting device comprising the light-emitting device described in claim 12.

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