Power management device, power management system, and power management method

Abstract

A management device disclosed herein comprises: a first calculation unit that calculates a suppliable amount of third power on the basis of the power generation state of first power from renewable energy and the state of second power which is the first power stored in a power storage system; a second calculation unit that calculates a supply amount of power supplied to a consumer, the supply amount being calculated on the basis of demand information of the consumer; and a determination unit that determines, on the basis of the supply amount of power supplied to the consumer, the proportion of the third power to be market-traded on a power market, and the proportion of the third power to be traded bilaterally with the consumer without going through the power market.

Description

Power management device, power management system, and power management method

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a power management apparatus, a power management system, and a power management method.

[0002] There is a Virtual Power Plant (VPP) that is a system that collectively controls distributed energy resources such as renewable energy, power generation facilities, storage batteries, and electric vehicles, and provides functions similar to those of a power plant.

[0003] There is also known an electricity trading method that enables a stable supply of electricity generated by renewable energy such as solar or wind power. For example, there is known an electricity trading method that determines an electricity trading market in which electricity is traded based on the price of electricity, capacity, and renewable energy identification information in the electricity trading market, and trades electricity based on the storage status of an electricity storage system (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

[0004] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2023-160733

[0005] The conventional technology disclosed in Patent Document 1 is only targeted at market transactions in the electricity market. However, market transactions alone have the problem that profits decrease when market conditions deteriorate.

[0006] One aspect of the present disclosure has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned problems, and makes it possible to supply electricity generated by renewable energy at a more stable price.

[0007] A management device according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a first calculation unit that calculates an amount of third electricity that can be supplied based on the power generation status of first electricity from renewable energy and the status of second electricity stored in a power storage system from the first electricity; a second calculation unit that calculates a supply amount of electricity to be supplied to a consumer based on demand information of the consumer; and a determination unit that determines, based on the supply amount of electricity to be supplied to the consumer, an amount of electricity from the third electricity to be traded in the electricity market and an amount of electricity to be traded bilaterally with the consumer without going through the electricity market.

[0008] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, it becomes possible to supply electricity generated by renewable energy at a more stable price.

[0009] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a system configuration of a power management system according to the present embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an overview of a power management method according to the present embodiment. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware configuration of a computer. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a functional configuration of a power management apparatus according to the present embodiment. FIG. 1 shows an example of information managed by a power management apparatus according to the present embodiment. FIG. 2 shows an example of information managed by a power management apparatus according to the present embodiment. FIG. 3 shows an example of information managed by a power management apparatus according to the present embodiment. FIG. 4 shows an example of information managed by a power management apparatus according to the present embodiment. FIG. 5 shows an example of information managed by a power management apparatus according to the present embodiment. FIG. 6 shows an example of information managed by a power management apparatus according to the present embodiment. FIG. 7 shows an example of information managed by a power management apparatus according to the present embodiment. FIG. 1 is a sequence diagram illustrating an example of processing of a power management system according to Example 1. FIG. 2 is a sequence diagram illustrating an example of processing of a power management system according to Example 1. FIG. 1 is a sequence diagram illustrating an example of processing of a power management system according to Example 2. FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a determination process according to Example 2.

[0010] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In this specification and drawings, components having substantially the same functional configurations are designated by the same reference numerals, and redundant description will be omitted.

[0011] 1 is a diagram showing an example of the system configuration of a power management system according to this embodiment. The power management system 100 is a system that manages power generated by renewable energy sources such as solar power or wind power using a power storage system 120 so that the power can be stably supplied to and sold by consumers 20, an electricity market 30, and the like.

[0012] 1 , the power management system 100 includes a power management device 110 that can communicate with one or more power generation systems 10, a power storage system 120, a consumer system 21, and a power market system 31, and the power storage system 120. In this embodiment, the power management device 110 corresponds to a virtual power plant (VPP).

[0013] The power generation system 10 is a power plant that generates electricity using renewable energy such as solar power and wind power. The power generation system 10 is not limited to an industrial power generation system, and may include, for example, multiple residential solar power generation systems. The power management system 100 may include at least a part of the power generation system 10, or may utilize an external power generation system 10.

[0014] The power storage system 120 is, for example, a storage battery (e.g., an industrial power storage system and a system storage battery) that stores electricity generated by renewable energy generated by the power generation system 10 (hereinafter referred to as renewable energy electricity) according to settings from the power management device 110.

[0015] The consumer 20 is, for example, a company, a factory, a trader, or another retailer that purchases electricity supplied by an electricity retailer that operates the power management system 100. The consumer system 21 is an information processing device or an information processing system used by the consumer 20.

[0016] The electricity market 30 is a market where electricity such as renewable energy electricity is traded. The electricity market 30 includes, for example, a wholesale electricity market, a supply and demand adjustment market, a capacity market, and a non-fossil value trading market. The wholesale electricity market is a market where electricity volume (kWh) is traded. The supply and demand adjustment market is a market where adjustment power for adjusting the balance between supply and demand of electricity is traded. The non-fossil value trading market is a market where certificates indicating the "non-fossil value" of electricity generated from renewable energy or sources other than fossil fuels such as nuclear power are traded.

[0017] The electricity market system 31 is an information processing device or an information processing system for conducting market transactions in the electricity market 30 .

[0018] The power management device 110 is an information processing device having a computer configuration or a system including multiple computers. The power management device 110 is connected to the power generation system 10, the power storage system 120, the consumer system 21, the electricity market system 31, etc. so as to be able to communicate with them via a communication network such as the Internet or a LAN (Local Area Network).

[0019] The power management device 110 has the function of, for example, retailing renewable energy power generated by the power generation system 10 and renewable energy power stored in the storage system 120 in bilateral transactions with consumers 20, and the function of trading in combination with market transactions in the electricity market 30.

[0020] Here, a bilateral transaction is a trading method in which the seller and buyer agree directly on the price, quantity, etc., without going through a market. In market transactions, the price is determined by the balance between supply and demand, but in bilateral transactions, the buying and selling price can be freely determined without being influenced by market supply and demand. For example, it is known that the market price falls to 0.01 yen / kWh at times such as when output control occurs due to a worsening supply and demand balance. If the renewable energy business operator is a third party, they can charge at this time, store the cheaply purchased electricity in a storage battery, and time-shift the electricity to supply to consumers, thereby earning stable or fixed revenue.

[0021] 2 is a diagram for explaining an outline of the power management method according to the present embodiment. In FIG. 2, a retailer 210 manages renewable energy power (hereinafter referred to as first power) generated by a power generation system 10 and power (hereinafter referred to as second power) stored in a power storage system 120 from the first power using the power management device 110 described in FIG. 1.

[0022] In step S1, the power management device 110 predicts the amount of power generated by the power generation system 10 based on the power generation status of the power generation system 10. For example, the power management device 110 predicts the amount of power generated 201 for each power generation system 10 for the next day based on the power generation status of each power generation system 10, and adds up the predicted amounts of power generated 201 to predict the amount of first power generated 202, which is the total amount of power generated by the power generation system 10 for the next day.

[0023] In step S2, the power management device 110 predicts the amount of power supply 205 to be supplied to the consumer 20 based on the demand information of the consumer 20. Here, the power to be supplied to the consumer includes first power, which is renewable energy power, and second power, which is stored renewable energy power.

[0024] In step S3, the power management device 110 sets a charging schedule for the power storage system 120 for the next day so that surplus power 204, obtained by subtracting the supply amount 205 of power to be supplied to the consumer 20 from the generated amount 202 of the first power for the next day, is charged to the power storage system 120, for example. Furthermore, if the supply amount 205 of power to be supplied to the consumer 20 cannot be made up for by the generated amount 202 of the first power for the next day alone, the power management device 110 sets a discharging schedule for the power storage system 120 for the next day so that, for example, shortage power 207 is discharged.

[0025] As a result, the retailer 210 can supply the first electricity generated by the power generation system 10 to the consumer 20 on the next day (step S4), and can also supply the second electricity discharged by the storage system 120, which is the shortage electricity 207, to the consumer 20 (step S5).

[0026] Furthermore, when there is a power difference 208 obtained by subtracting the power shortage 207 discharged by the power storage system 120 from the surplus power 204 charged in the power storage system 120, the retailer 210 predicts the market price and sells the power difference 208 on the power market 30 according to the market price. Preferably, the retailer 210 bids on or selects a trading partner for the product with the highest price based on the predicted market price and the relative price. Preferably, when the predicted market price is low, the retailer 210 may store the power difference 208 in the power storage system 120, or may store the power difference 208 in the power storage system 120 and then supply it to another consumer.

[0027] In this way, the power management system 100 according to this embodiment combines market transactions and bilateral transactions, thereby increasing the flexibility of the power procurement price by combining time shifting through power storage, the selection of various market products, and bilateral transactions, even when the market price falls, and also stabilizing profits by fixing the supply price (the selling price when discharging from the storage battery).Furthermore, the power management system 100 can stably supply renewable energy power even when the market price rises.

[0028] <Hardware Configuration> The power management apparatus 110 according to this embodiment has, for example, the hardware configuration of a computer 300 as shown in Fig. 3. Alternatively, the power management apparatus 110 is realized by a plurality of computers 300.

[0029] 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a computer. As illustrated in FIG. 3, the computer 300 includes a central processing unit (CPU) 301, a read-only memory (ROM) 302, a random access memory (RAM) 303, a hard disk drive (HDD) 304, an input device 305, a display device 306, a communication interface (I / F) 307, and an external I / F 308. The CPU 301, the ROM 302, and the RAM 303 form a so-called computer. The hardware components of the computer 300 are connected to each other via a bus line 309. The input device 305 and the display device 306 may be connected to the external I / F 308 for use.

[0030] The CPU 301 is a computing device that reads programs and data from a storage device such as the ROM 302 or the HDD 304 onto the RAM 303 and executes processing to control the entire computer 300 and realize its functions. The computer 300 may have a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) in addition to (or instead of) the CPU 301.

[0031] The ROM 302 is an example of a non-volatile semiconductor memory (storage device) that can retain programs and data even when the power is turned off. The ROM 302 functions as a main storage device that stores various programs, data, etc. required for the CPU 301 to execute various programs installed in the HDD 304. Specifically, the ROM 302 stores boot programs such as a Basic Input / Output System (BIOS) and an Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) that are executed when the computer 300 starts up, as well as data such as OS (Operating System) settings and network settings.

[0032] The RAM 303 is an example of a volatile semiconductor memory (storage device) in which programs and data are erased when the power is turned off. The RAM 303 is, for example, a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) or a static random access memory (SRAM). The RAM 303 provides a working area in which various programs installed in the HDD 304 are expanded when executed by the CPU 301.

[0033] The HDD 304 is an example of a non-volatile storage device that stores programs, data, etc. The programs stored in the HDD 304 include, for example, an OS, which is basic software that controls the entire computer 300, and applications that provide various functions on the OS. Note that the computer 300 may use a storage device that uses flash memory as a storage medium (e.g., an SSD (Solid State Drive)) instead of the HDD 304.

[0034] The input device 305 is a touch panel, operation keys or buttons, a keyboard or mouse used by the user to input various signals, or a microphone for inputting sound data such as voice. The display device 306 is composed of a display such as a liquid crystal or organic EL (Electro-Luminescence) display for displaying a screen, and a speaker for outputting sound data such as voice. The communication I / F 307 is an interface connected to the communication network N and enables the computer 300 to perform data communication. The external I / F 308 is an interface with an external device, such as a drive device 310.

[0035] The drive device 310 is a device for loading a recording medium 311. The recording medium 311 here includes, for example, a medium that records information optically, electrically, or magnetically, such as a CD-ROM, a flexible disk, or a magneto-optical disk. The recording medium 311 may also include a semiconductor memory that records information electrically, such as a ROM or flash memory. This allows the computer 300 to read from and write to the recording medium 311 via the external I / F 308.

[0036] The various programs to be installed in the HDD 304 are installed, for example, by setting the distributed recording medium 311 in a drive device 310 connected to the external I / F 308 and reading the various programs recorded on the recording medium 311 by the drive device 310. Alternatively, the various programs to be installed in the HDD 304 may be installed by being downloaded via the communication I / F 307 from a network different from the communication network.

[0037] <Functional Configuration> Fig. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of a power management apparatus according to this embodiment. The power management apparatus 110 realizes, for example, the functional configuration shown in Fig. 4 by executing a predetermined program on a computer included in the power management apparatus 110. In the example of Fig. 4, the power management apparatus 110 has functional components such as a communication unit 401, a power generation prediction unit (first prediction unit) 402, a supplyable power calculation unit (first calculation unit) 403, a power demand prediction unit (second prediction unit) 404, a power supply calculation unit (second calculation unit) 405, a determination unit 406, a charge / discharge control unit 407, a supply history management unit 408, a certificate management unit 409, a transaction management unit 410, and a storage unit 411. Note that at least a portion of the above functional components may be realized by hardware.

[0038] The communication unit 401, for example, uses the communication I / F 307 to connect the power management device 110 to the communication network N and performs communication processing to communicate with the power generation system 10, the storage system 120, the consumer system 21, the electricity market system 31, etc.

[0039] The power generation prediction unit (first prediction unit) 402 executes a first prediction process to predict the power generation amount of the first power, which is power generated by renewable energy, based on the power generation status of the first power.

[0040] For example, the power management apparatus 110 receives a power generation status notification 510 (an example of the power generation status of a first power) as shown in Fig. 5A from the power generation system 10. The power generation status notification 510 includes time-series power generation amount data 511a, 511b, and 511c of one or more power generation systems 10. In the example of Fig. 5A, the time-series power generation amount data 511a, 511b, and 511c store data on the power generation amount (kW) monitored at one-minute intervals.

[0041] The power generation prediction unit 402 predicts time-series predicted values ​​521a, 521b, 521c of the power generation amount for the next day in one or more power generation systems 10, for example, as shown in FIG. 5B, based on time-series power generation amount data 511a, 511b, 511c.

[0042] The method for predicting the amount of power generation may be, for example, a statistical prediction using environmental prediction data such as sunshine data and temperature, or a prediction using machine learning, etc. In this embodiment, the method for predicting the amount of power generation is not particularly limited.

[0043] 5B , time-series predicted values ​​521a, 521b, and 521c store data on predicted values ​​of the amount of power generated for the next day in each power generation system 10 in 30-minute time series. The generated power prediction unit 402 predicts the amount of first power generated 520 for the next day, for example, by adding up the time-series predicted values ​​521a, 521b, and 521c.

[0044] It is not essential that the power management apparatus 110 has the generated power prediction unit 402. For example, the power management apparatus 110 may obtain prediction results from a generated power prediction unit 402 included in the power generation system 10 or a system that manages the power generation system 10, or from an independent prediction system.

[0045] The supplyable power calculation unit (first calculation unit) 403 executes a first calculation process to calculate the amount of supplyable third power based on the power generation status of the first power and the status of the second power stored in the power storage system 120 from the first power.

[0046] For example, the power management apparatus 110 receives a power storage status notification 610 as shown in Fig. 6A from the power storage system 120. In the example of Fig. 6A , the power storage status notification 610 includes time-series charge / discharge plan data 611 of the power storage system 120 and SoC (State Of Charge) data 612, which indicate the power storage status of the power storage system 120. The power storage status of the power storage system 120 is an example of a second power status. The charge / discharge plan data 611 is setting information that indicates whether the power storage system 120 will charge or discharge every minute, with charging being a negative value and discharging being a positive value. The SoC data 612 is an index that indicates the charge rate, charge state, etc. of the power storage system 120.

[0047] The available power supply calculation unit 403 calculates the second amount of power that can be supplied by the power storage system 120 on the next day, for example, from the charge / discharge plan data 611 and the SoC data 612. The available power supply calculation unit 403 also calculates the third amount of power that can be supplied by the power management system 100 on the next day, from the generated amount of first power 520 for the next day predicted by the generated power prediction unit 402 and the second amount of power that can be supplied by the power storage system 120 on the next day. As another example, the available power supply calculation unit 403 may use the generated amount of first power 520 for the next day predicted by the generated power prediction unit 402 as the third amount of power that can be supplied on the next day.

[0048] The power demand prediction unit (second prediction unit) 404 executes a second prediction process to calculate the amount of power demanded by the customer 20 based on the demand information of the customer 20 .

[0049] For example, the power management apparatus 110 receives demand information 620 as shown in Fig. 6B from the consumer system 21. The demand information 620 includes, for example, contract information 621 of the consumer 20, data 622 on the power demand status of the consumer 20, and the like.

[0050] In the example of FIG. 6B , the contract information 621 includes information such as the contracted power, the contracted unit price, and the renewable energy rate. However, this is just an example, and this information may be stored in the storage unit 411 or the like in association with a Customer ID, for example. The contracted power is the upper limit of the amount of power that the consumer 20 can use. The contracted unit price is a fee per unit amount of power and may vary depending on the time of day. The renewable energy rate is the proportion of renewable energy power in the power supplied to the consumer 20. In the example of FIG. 6B , the renewable energy rate is 100%, which indicates that all of the power supplied to the consumer 20 is power based on renewable energy power (first power and second power).

[0051] The power demand prediction unit 404 predicts the power demand 631 of the consumer 20 for the next day, as shown in FIG. 6C , from data 622 of the power demand status of the consumer 20, as shown in FIG. 6B . For example, the power demand prediction unit 404 may predict the power demand 631 of the consumer 20 using an industry method such as "High 4 of 5." Alternatively, the power demand prediction unit 404 may predict the power demand 631 of the consumer 20 using a method such as linear interpolation by classifying past demand results into days of the week, business days, non-business days, etc. In the present embodiment, the method for predicting the power demand of the consumer 20 is not particularly limited.

[0052] It should be noted that it is not essential for the power management apparatus 110 to have the power demand prediction unit 404. For example, the power management apparatus 110 may acquire prediction results from the power demand prediction unit 404 included in the customer system 21 or the like.

[0053] The supply power calculation unit 405 calculates the amount of power to be supplied to the consumer 20 based on the prediction result by the demand power prediction unit 404 and the contract information 621 of the consumer 20. For example, the supply power calculation unit 405 calculates the amount of power to be supplied to the consumer 20 by multiplying the amount of power demanded by the consumer 20 by the renewable energy rate. Furthermore, when there are multiple consumers 20, the supply power calculation unit 405 calculates the amount of power to be supplied to the consumer 20 by adding up the amounts of power to be supplied to the multiple consumers.

[0054] The determination unit 406 executes a determination process to determine, based on the supply amount of electricity to be supplied to the consumer 20, the amount of electricity to be traded in the market in the electricity market 30, and the amount of electricity to be traded bilaterally with the consumer 20 without going through the electricity market 30, from the third electricity that can be supplied.

[0055] For example, the determination unit 406 preferentially allocates the third amount of supplyable electricity to electricity to be traded bilaterally with the consumer 20. Furthermore, the determination unit 406 determines the third amount of supplyable electricity, excluding the amount of electricity to be traded bilaterally with the consumer 20, as a candidate for electricity to be traded in the electricity market 30.

[0056] Preferably, the determination unit 406 determines the amount of electricity to be traded in the electricity market 30 further based on price information (electricity prices and prices of non-fossil fuel certificates, etc.) in the electricity market 30. For example, the determination unit 406 increases the amount of electricity to be traded in the electricity market 30 during a time period when the market price is high, based on forecast data 710 of the market price for the next day as shown in Fig. 7A . On the other hand, the determination unit 406 increases the amount of the first electricity stored in the energy storage system 120 during a time period when the market price is low, and reduces or eliminates the amount of electricity to be traded in the electricity market 30.

[0057] The charge / discharge control unit 407 executes a charge / discharge control process for controlling charging and discharging of the power storage system 120 based on the amount of power to be traded in the electricity market 30, the amount of power to be traded bilaterally with the consumer 20, or the amount of first power to be stored in the power storage system 120, all determined by the determination unit 406. For example, the charge / discharge control unit 407 updates the setting of the power storage system 120 for the next day so as to discharge the power shortage 207, as described in step S3 of Fig. 2 . Furthermore, the charge / discharge control unit 407 updates the setting of the power storage system 120 for the next day so as to charge the amount of first power to be stored in the power storage system 120, which is determined by the determination unit 406, out of the first power generated by the power generation system 10.

[0058] The supply history management unit 408 executes a supply history management process for managing the supply history of renewable energy power to the consumer 20. For example, the supply history management unit 408 manages data on renewable energy power supplied to the consumer 20, and provides the consumer 20 with a renewable energy supply history 720 as shown in FIG.

[0059] The certificate management unit 409 executes a certificate management process for managing certificates for renewable energy power. For example, the certificate management unit 409 manages the power generation record and supply record of renewable energy power, and certifies the environmental value of the renewable energy power at an external certificate issuing organization or the like. The certificate management unit 409 also provides the consumer 20 with a certificate for the renewable energy power supplied to the consumer 20. Note that certificates for renewable energy power include, but are not limited to, non-fossil certificates or green power certificates, for example.

[0060] The transaction management unit 410 executes a transaction management process for managing market transactions in the electricity market 30. For example, when the market price is high, the transaction management unit 410 sells the first electricity determined by the determination unit 406 in the electricity market 30. Similarly, the transaction management unit 410 sells certificates of renewable energy electricity in the electricity market 30.

[0061] The memory unit 411 stores various data, information, programs, setting information, etc., including the renewable energy supply record 720 managed by the supply record management unit 408 and the renewable energy power certificates managed by the certificate management unit 409.

[0062] The functional configuration of the power management apparatus 110 shown in Fig. 4 is an example. For example, the generated power prediction unit 402 or the demand power prediction unit 404 may be provided outside the power management apparatus 110. Furthermore, the functional configuration of the power management apparatus 110 shown in Fig. 4 may be distributed across multiple devices. For example, the demand power prediction unit 404, the supply power calculation unit 405, the supply record management unit 408, etc. may be provided in a supply and demand management apparatus 420, etc., separate from the power management apparatus 110.

[0063] <Processing Flow> Next, the processing flow of the power management method according to this embodiment will be described.

[0064] [Example 1] Fig. 8 is a sequence diagram (1) illustrating an example of processing of a power management system according to Example 1. This processing illustrates an example of processing that is executed by the power management system 100 having the system configuration shown in Fig. 1 before (e.g., the day before) supplying renewable energy power to a consumer 20.

[0065] In step S801, the power generation power prediction unit 402 of the power management apparatus 110 receives a power generation status notification from the power generation system 10 via the communication unit 401. For example, the power generation power prediction unit 402 receives a power generation status notification 510 as shown in FIG. 5A.

[0066] In step S802, based on the received power generation status notification, the generated power prediction unit 402 predicts the amount of first power to be generated by the power generation system 10. For example, based on the received power generation status notification 510, the generated power prediction unit 402 predicts the amount of first power to be generated 520 by the power generation system 10 for the next day, as described in FIG.

[0067] In step S803, the available power supply calculation unit 403 of the power management apparatus 110 receives a power storage status notification from the power storage system 120 via the communication unit 401. For example, the available power supply calculation unit 403 receives a power storage status notification 610 as shown in FIG. 6A.

[0068] In step S804, the available power supply calculation unit 403 calculates the third amount of power that can be supplied to the supply destination. For example, the available power supply calculation unit 403 calculates the second amount of power that can be supplied by the power storage system 120 on the next day from the charge / discharge plan data 611 and the SoC data 612 included in the received power storage status notification 610. The available power supply calculation unit 403 also calculates the third amount of power that can be supplied by the power management system 100 on the next day from the power generation amount 520 of the first power for the next day predicted by the power generation power prediction unit 402 and the amount of second power that can be supplied by the power storage system 120 on the next day.

[0069] In step S805, the power demand prediction unit 404 of the power management apparatus 110 receives demand information from the consumer system 21 via the communication unit 401. For example, the power demand prediction unit 404 receives demand information 620 as shown in FIG. 6B.

[0070] In step S806, based on the received demand information, the power demand prediction unit 404 predicts the amount of power demand of the consumer 20. For example, based on the received demand information 620, the power demand prediction unit 404 predicts the amount of power demand of the consumer 20 for the next day, as described in Fig. 6C.

[0071] In step S807, the supply power calculation unit 405 of the power management apparatus 110 calculates the amount of power to be supplied to the consumer 20. For example, the supply power calculation unit 405 calculates the amount of power to be supplied to the consumer 20 on the next day based on the amount of power demand of the consumer 20 on the next day predicted by the power demand prediction unit 404 and the contract information 621 included in the demand information 620. For example, the supply power calculation unit 405 calculates the amount of power to be supplied to the consumer 20 on the next day by multiplying the amount of power demand of the consumer 20 on the next day by the renewable energy rate included in the contract information 621.

[0072] In step S808, the determination unit 406 of the power management apparatus 110 acquires forecast data of the market price from, for example, the electricity market system 31. For example, the determination unit 406 acquires forecast data 710 of the market price for the next day as shown in FIG. 7A.

[0073] In step S809, the determination unit 406 determines, based on the supply amount of electricity to be supplied to the consumer 20 on the next day, the amount of electricity to be traded on the market in the electricity market 30 and the amount of electricity to be traded bilaterally with the consumer 20, out of the third electricity that can be supplied. For example, the determination unit 406 preferentially allocates the third electricity that can be supplied to the electricity to be traded bilaterally with the consumer 20. Furthermore, the determination unit 406 determines the amount of electricity to be traded on the market in the electricity market 30, based on the acquired market price prediction data.

[0074] In step S810, the charge / discharge control unit 407 of the power management apparatus 110 sets a charge / discharge instruction (plan) for the power storage system 120 based on the amount of power to be traded on the power market 30 determined by the determination unit 406 and the amount of power to be traded bilaterally with the consumer 20. For example, the charge / discharge control unit 407 instructs the power storage system 120 to discharge during a time period when the amount of first power generated by the power generation system 10 is less than the power to be supplied to the consumer 20. Furthermore, when the amount of power to be traded on the power market 30 is small (or nonexistent) during a time period when the amount of first power generated by the power generation system 10 is greater than the power to be supplied to the consumer 20, the charge / discharge control unit 407 instructs the power storage system 120 to charge.

[0075] In step S811, the trading manager 410 of the power management apparatus 110 bids renewable energy power into the power market system 31 based on the amount of power to be traded in the power market 30 determined by the determiner 406.

[0076] In step S812, when the bidded renewable energy power is contracted, a contract notice is sent from the electricity market system 31 to the power management device 110. Note that if the amount of electricity to be traded in the market in the electricity market 30 determined by the determination unit 406 is 0, the processes of steps S811 and S812 are omitted.

[0077] Fig. 9 is a sequence diagram (2) illustrating an example of processing by the power management system according to the first embodiment. This processing illustrates an example of processing that the power management system 100 having the system configuration illustrated in Fig. 1 executes after executing the processing illustrated in Fig. 8 (for example, the next day).

[0078] In step S901, the power generation system 10 generates first power using renewable energy. In step S902, the first power generated by the power generation system 10 is supplied to the power storage system 120, the consumer 20, and the like.

[0079] In step S903, the power storage system 120 charges or discharges power in accordance with the charge / discharge instruction set by the power management device 110 in step S810 of Fig. 8. For example, the power storage system 120 charges the first power during a time period in which the charge / discharge instruction is to "charge." Meanwhile, the power storage system 120 supplies the second power to the consumer 20 by discharging the second power stored in the power storage system 120 from the first power during a time period in which the charge / discharge instruction is to "discharge" (step S904).

[0080] In step S905, the supply history management unit 408 of the power management apparatus 110 receives a power generation status notification from the power generation system 10 via the communication unit 401. The format of this power generation status notification may be the same as, for example, the power generation status notification 510 in FIG. 5A.

[0081] In step S906, the supply history management unit 408 receives a power storage status notification from the power storage system 120 via the communication unit 401. The format of this power storage status notification may be the same as, for example, the power storage status notification 610 in Fig. 6A.

[0082] In step S906, the supply record management unit 408 registers the supply record of renewable energy power to the consumer 20.

[0083] In step S907, the supply record management unit 408 creates a renewable energy supply record 720, for example, as shown in FIG. 7B, based on the power supply record to the consumer 20, and notifies the consumer system 21 of the renewable energy supply record 720.

[0084] [Example 2] Fig. 10 is a sequence diagram (1) illustrating an example of processing by a power management system according to Example 2. This processing illustrates another example of processing that the power management system 100 having the system configuration shown in Fig. 1 executes before (e.g., the day before) supplying renewable energy power to a consumer 20. Of the processing in Fig. 10, the processing in steps S801 to S807 and S810 to S812 is the same as the processing described in Fig. 8, and therefore description thereof will be omitted here.

[0085] In step S1001, the determination unit 406 of the power management apparatus 110 calculates a fourth amount of power, which is the difference between the amount of power generated of the first power predicted by the power generation prediction unit 402 and the amount of power supplied to the consumer 20 calculated by the supply power calculation unit 405. The calculated fourth amount is a positive value when there is a surplus of the first power, and a negative value when there is a shortage of the first power.

[0086] In step S1002, the transaction management unit 410 of the power management apparatus 110 acquires price signals such as the market price, the price of another company, or a predicted price predicted by a prediction company from, for example, the electricity market system 31 or the like.

[0087] In step S1003, the transaction management unit 410 predicts the market price (for example, the market price for the next day) based on the acquired price signal. In this way, the power management apparatus 110 may have a function of predicting the market price in the electricity market 30. However, in the second embodiment, the power management apparatus 110 may also acquire market price prediction data from an external source, similar to the first embodiment.

[0088] In step S1004, the determination unit 406 executes a determination process such as that shown in FIG.

[0089] 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a determination process according to the second embodiment. This process is an example of the determination process executed by the determination unit 406 in step S1004 of FIG.

[0090] In step S1101, the determination unit 406 determines whether or not the current time period is a time period in which the fourth power is greater than 0 (the fourth power is a positive value). If the current time period is a time period in which the fourth power is greater than 0, the determination unit 406 proceeds to step S1102. On the other hand, if the current time period is not a time period in which the fourth power is greater than 0, the determination unit 406 proceeds to step S1005.

[0091] In step S1102, the determination unit 406 determines whether the market price in the time period is low (whether it is equal to or lower than a predetermined threshold value). If the market price is low, the determination unit 406 causes the process to proceed to step S1103. On the other hand, if the market price is not low, the determination unit 406 causes the process to proceed to step S1104.

[0092] When the process proceeds from step S1102 to step S1103, the determination unit 406 determines to charge the fourth power during the time period into the power storage system 120. In this way, the determination unit 406 calculates the amount of surplus or shortage of the fourth power from the amount of power generated by the first power and the amount of power supplied to the consumer 20, and stores the fourth power in the power storage system 120 during the time period when the market price of power is lower among the time periods when there is a surplus of the fourth power.

[0093] When the process proceeds from step S1102 to step S1104, the decision unit 406 decides to make a bid to sell the fourth amount of electricity for the time slot to the electricity market 30.

[0094] When the process proceeds from step S1101 to step S1105, the determination unit 406 determines whether the time period is a time period where the fourth power is less than 0 (the fourth power is a negative value). If the fourth power is less than 0, the determination unit 406 proceeds to step S1106. On the other hand, if the fourth power is not less than 0, the determination unit 406 ends the process of FIG. 11 .

[0095] In step S1106, the determination unit 406 sets a discharge plan for the power storage system 120 so as to make up for the fourth amount of power that is insufficient in the time period.

[0096] By the processing of Figure 11, the determination unit 406 can determine the destination to which surplus renewable energy power is to be supplied when there is surplus renewable energy power, and the amount of renewable energy power to be discharged when there is a shortage of renewable energy power to be supplied to the consumer 20, etc.

[0097] 11 is an example of a determination process made by the determination unit 406. For example, in step S1103 in Fig. 11 , the determination unit 406 may determine that at least a portion of the surplus power in the time period is to be supplied to another system that stores the surplus power.

[0098] Fig. 12 is a sequence diagram (2) illustrating an example of processing by a power management system according to the second embodiment. This processing illustrates an example of processing that the power management system 100 having the system configuration shown in Fig. 1 executes (e.g., the next day) after executing the processing of Fig. 10. Note that the processing of steps S901 to S906 in Fig. 12 is the same as the processing described in Fig. 9, and therefore will not be described here.

[0099] In step S1201, the supply record management unit 408 of the power management apparatus 110 registers the renewable energy power generation record.

[0100] In step S1202, the certificate management unit 409 of the power management apparatus 110 obtains a certificate for the generated renewable energy power from an issuing organization that issues certificates based on the renewable energy power generation record. Note that under the current system, when renewable energy power is stored in the power storage system 120, etc., the power discharged from the power storage system 120 is not considered to be renewable energy power, and therefore a certificate is created indicating that the power discharged from the power storage system 120 is based on renewable energy power.

[0101] In step S1203, the supply record management unit 408 transmits the supply record of renewable energy power and a certificate of the supplied renewable energy power to the consumer system 21.

[0102] In step S1204 , if the amount of generated renewable energy power is greater than the amount of supplied renewable energy power, the transaction management unit 410 sells the certificate in the electricity market 30 .

[0103] In this way, according to the power management system 100 of this embodiment, by combining market transactions and bilateral transactions, flexibility in procuring power is increased even when market conditions deteriorate, and by fixing the supply price, it is possible to stabilize profits and supply.

[0104] (Variation 1) In each of the above embodiments, the power storage system 120 has been described as a storage battery (for example, an industrial power storage system) that stores energy-saving power generated from renewable energy generated by the power generation system 10. However, this is just one example, and the power storage system 120 may include a plurality of residential power storage systems, a plurality of EVs (electric vehicles), or the like.

[0105] (Variation 2) The power storage system 120 may also include, for example, a hydrogen production device that produces hydrogen using renewable energy power, an organic hydride production device that produces organic hydride using renewable energy power, or a pumped-storage power generation system that pumps water using renewable energy power.

[0106] For example, hydrogen produced in a hydrogen production device using renewable energy power can be stored in a tank, and the hydrogen can then be used to generate electricity in a power generation device such as a fuel cell or hydrogen power plant. Alternatively, organic hydride can be produced in an organic hydride production device using renewable energy, and hydrogen extracted from the organic hydride through a dehydrogenation reaction can be introduced into a power generation device to generate electricity. In this way, the power storage system 120 according to this embodiment can include various systems that directly or indirectly store renewable energy power.

[0107] Incidentally, one advantage of including an organic hydride manufacturing apparatus in the power storage system 120 is that organic hydrides can be stored for long periods without loss compared to storage batteries or hydrogen, and therefore can provide long-term adjustment capacity. Another advantage of organic hydrides is that they can be used as a power source for adjusting supply and demand even in areas where city gas pipelines do not reach.

[0108] 11 , the determination unit 406 has been described as charging the power storage system 120 with the surplus power for that time period. However, this is not limiting, and the determination unit 406 may determine that at least a portion of the surplus power for that time period is to be supplied to various systems that store surplus power, such as a hydrogen production apparatus, an organic hydride production apparatus, or a pumped-storage power generation system. In this case, in step S1106 of FIG. 11 , the determination unit 406 may set a power generation plan using hydrogen, organic hydride, or pumped-storage power so as to make up for the fourth power amount that is insufficient for that time period.

[0109] As described above, according to this embodiment, it is possible to supply electricity generated by renewable energy at a more stable price and with reduced influence from weather and time.

[0110] <Supplementary Note> Each function of the present embodiment described above can be realized by one or more processing circuits. Here, the term "processing circuit" in this specification includes a processor programmed to execute each function by software, such as a CPU implemented by an electronic circuit or a GPU, or an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), DSP (Digital Signal Processor), FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), or a conventional circuit module designed to execute each function described above.

[0111] Summary of Embodiments This specification discloses at least the power management device, power management system, power management method, and program described in the appendices below. (Appendix 1) A power management device comprising: a first calculation unit that calculates a supplyable amount of third power based on a generation status of first power from renewable energy and a status of second power stored in a power storage system from the first power; a second calculation unit that calculates a supply amount of power to be supplied to a consumer based on demand information of the consumer; and a determination unit that determines, based on the supply amount of power to be supplied to the consumer, an amount of power to be traded in an electricity market and an amount of power to be traded bilaterally with the consumer without going through the electricity market. (Appendix 2) The power management device according to Appendix 1, further comprising: a first prediction unit that predicts an amount of power to be generated of the first power based on the generation status of the power, wherein the first calculation unit calculates the third amount of power from a prediction result by the first prediction unit and a status of the second power stored in the power storage system. (Supplementary Note 3) The power management device according to Supplementary Note 1 or Supplementary Note 2, wherein the power generation status includes time-series power generation amount data of one or more power generation systems that generate the first power, and the second power status includes time-series charge / discharge information or time-series power storage amount data of one or more power storage systems that store the first power. (Supplementary Note 4) The power management device according to any of Supplementary Note 1 to Supplementary Note 3, further comprising a second prediction unit that predicts an amount of power demand of the consumer based on a demand status of the consumer, and the second calculation unit calculates an amount of power to be supplied to the consumer from a prediction result by the second prediction unit and contract information of the consumer. (Supplementary Note 5) The power management device according to Supplementary Note 4, wherein the demand status includes data indicating time-series power usage of one or more consumers, and the contract information includes one or more pieces of information selected from a contract demand for power, a contract unit price, and a renewable energy ratio. (Supplementary Note 6) The power management device according to any one of Supplementary Notes 1 to 5, wherein the determination unit determines an amount of power to be traded in the power market, further based on price information of power in the power market.(Supplementary Note 7) The power management device according to any one of Supplementary Notes 1 to 6, wherein the determination unit further determines an amount of the first power to be stored in the power storage system, of the first power. (Supplementary Note 8) The power management device according to Supplementary Note 7, wherein the determination unit determines an amount of power to be traded in the electricity market and the amount of the first power to be stored in the power storage system, further based on price information of power in the electricity market. (Supplementary Note 9) The power management device according to Supplementary Note 7 or Supplementary Note 8, wherein the determination unit calculates a fourth amount of surplus or shortage of power from the third amount of power and a required amount of power, and stores the fourth amount of power in the power storage system during a time period when the market price of power is equal to or lower than a predetermined threshold, among time periods when the fourth power is in surplus. (Supplementary Note 10) The power management device according to any one of Supplementary Notes 7 to 9, comprising a charge / discharge control unit that controls charging / discharging of the power storage system based on the amount of power to be traded on the electricity market, the amount of power to be traded with the consumer, or the amount of the first power to be stored in the power storage system, all determined by the determination unit. (Supplementary Note 11) The power management device according to Supplementary Note 7, wherein the determination unit further determines the amount of power, of the first power, to be supplied to a hydrogen production device that produces hydrogen using the power, or an organic hydride production device that produces organic hydride using the power. (Supplementary Note 12) The power management device according to Supplementary Note 11, wherein the third power that can be supplied includes power generated by the hydrogen or the organic hydride. (Supplementary Note 13) The power management device according to Supplementary Note 12, further comprising a certificate management unit that manages certificates for the electricity generated by the renewable energy, wherein when a power generation record of the first power generated by the renewable energy is greater than a power supply record of the first power, the certificate management unit trades the certificate for the electricity corresponding to the difference between the power generation record and the power supply record in the electricity market.(Supplementary Note 14) A power management system including a power storage system and a power management device, wherein the power management device has: a first calculation unit that calculates an amount of third power that can be supplied based on a generation status of first power from renewable energy and a status of second power that has stored the first power in the power storage system; a second calculation unit that calculates a supply amount of power to be supplied to a consumer based on demand information of the consumer; and a determination unit that determines, based on the supply amount of power to be supplied to the consumer, an amount of power to be traded in an electricity market, out of the third power, and an amount of power to be traded bilaterally with the consumer without going through the electricity market. (Supplementary Note 15) A power management method in which a computer executes the following processes: calculating an amount of third power that can be supplied based on a generation status of first power from renewable energy and a status of second power that has stored the first power in a power storage system; calculating an amount of power to be supplied to a consumer based on demand information of the consumer; and determining, based on the amount of power to be supplied to the consumer, an amount of power to be traded in an electricity market and an amount of power to be traded bilaterally with the consumer without going through the electricity market. (Supplementary Note 16) A program that causes a computer to execute the power management method of Supplementary Note 15, or a storage medium that stores the program.

[0112] Although the embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail above, the embodiments disclosed herein are illustrative in all respects and are not limiting. The embodiments can be modified and improved in various ways without departing from the scope and spirit of the appended claims. The matters described in the above embodiments can be configured in other ways as long as they are not inconsistent, and can be combined as long as they are not inconsistent.

[0113] This application claims priority from basic application No. 2024-049863, filed with the Japan Patent Office on March 26, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0114] REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 10 Power generation system 20 Consumer 21 Consumer system 30 Electricity market 31 Electricity market system 100 Power management system 110 Power management device 120 Power storage system 402 Power generation prediction unit (first prediction unit) 403 Available power calculation unit (first calculation unit) 404 Power demand prediction unit (second prediction unit) 405 Power supply calculation unit (second calculation unit) 406 Determination unit 407 Charging / discharging control unit 408 Supply record management unit 409 Certificate management unit 410 Transaction management unit

Claims

1. A power management device having: a first calculation unit that calculates the amount of third power that can be supplied based on the generation status of first power from renewable energy and the status of second power that has stored the first power in a power storage system; a second calculation unit that calculates the supply amount of power to be supplied to a consumer based on demand information of the consumer; and a determination unit that determines, based on the supply amount of power to be supplied to the consumer, the amount of power to be traded in the power market and the amount of power to be traded bilaterally with the consumer without going through the power market, of the third power.

2. The power management device of claim 1, further comprising a first prediction unit that predicts the amount of power generated of the first power based on the power generation status of the power, and wherein the first calculation unit calculates the amount of the third power from the prediction result by the first prediction unit and the status of the second power stored in the power storage system.

3. The power management device of claim 2, wherein the power generation status includes time-series power generation amount data of one or more power generation systems that generate the first power, and the second power status includes time-series charge / discharge information or time-series stored power amount data of one or more storage systems that store the first power.

4. A power management device as described in claim 1 or 2, further comprising a second prediction unit that predicts the amount of electricity demand of the consumer based on the demand situation of the consumer, and the second calculation unit that calculates the amount of electricity to be supplied to the consumer from the prediction result by the second prediction unit and contract information of the consumer.

5. The power management device of claim 4, wherein the demand situation includes data indicating the amount of electricity used over time at one or more consumers, and the contract information includes one or more pieces of information among the contracted power demand, contracted unit price, and renewable energy ratio.

6. The power management device according to claim 1, wherein the determination unit determines the amount of power to be traded in the power market further based on price information of power in the power market.

7. The power management device according to claim 1, wherein the determination unit further determines an amount of the first power to be stored in the power storage system.

8. The power management device of claim 7, wherein the determination unit determines the amount of electricity to be traded in the electricity market and the amount of the first electricity to be stored in the energy storage system based further on price information of electricity in the electricity market.

9. The power management device described in claim 7, wherein the determination unit calculates a fourth amount of surplus or shortage of power from the third amount of power and the required amount of power, and stores the fourth amount of power in the storage system during a time period when the fourth amount of power is in surplus and the market price of power is below a predetermined threshold.

10. A power management device as described in any one of claims 7 to 9, having a charge / discharge control unit that controls charging and discharging of the storage system based on the amount of electricity to be traded in the electricity market determined by the determination unit, the amount of electricity to be traded with the consumer, or the first amount of electricity to be stored in the storage system.

11. The power management device of claim 1, wherein the determination unit further determines the amount of power to be supplied from the first power to a hydrogen production device that produces hydrogen using the power, or to an organic hydride production device that produces organic hydride using the power.

12. The power management device according to claim 11, wherein the third electric power that can be supplied includes electric power generated by the hydrogen or the organic hydride.

13. The power management device of claim 1, further comprising a certificate management unit that manages certificates for the electricity generated by the renewable energy, wherein, when the actual generation of the first electricity by the renewable energy is greater than the actual supply of the first electricity, the certificate for the electricity corresponding to the difference between the actual generation and the actual supply is traded in the electricity market.

14. A power management system including a power storage system and a power management device, wherein the power management device has: a first calculation unit that calculates an amount of third power that can be supplied based on the generation status of first power from renewable energy and the status of second power that has stored the first power in the power storage system; a second calculation unit that calculates the supply amount of power to be supplied to a consumer based on demand information of the consumer; and a determination unit that determines, based on the supply amount of power to be supplied to the consumer, the amount of power to be traded in the power market, and the amount of power to be traded bilaterally with the consumer without going through the power market, of the third power.

15. A power management method in which a computer executes the following processes: a process of calculating the amount of third power that can be supplied based on the generation status of first power from renewable energy and the status of second power stored as the first power in a power storage system; a process of calculating the supply amount of power to be supplied to a consumer based on demand information of the consumer; and a process of determining, of the third power, the amount of power to be traded in the power market and the amount of power to be traded bilaterally with the consumer without going through the power market, based on the supply amount of power to be supplied to the consumer.

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