Duplex mode aware mobility management
Duplex mode aware mobility management in wireless communication systems addresses the challenge of maintaining full-duplex communications during handovers by exchanging duplex mode information, reducing latency and packet losses, and ensuring service continuity.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/085486
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-04-02
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-09
AI Technical Summary
Wireless communication systems face challenges in managing mobility operations for traffic that depends on full-duplex communications, particularly subband full-duplex communications, leading to increased latency and potential handover failures due to transitions between network entities with different duplex modes.
Implement duplex mode aware mobility management by exchanging duplex mode information between network entities and user equipment during handover preparations, ensuring that communication resources are allocated for the same duplex mode to maintain full-duplex communications during mobility operations.
This approach reduces latency, minimizes packet losses, and ensures service continuity for full-duplex communications by avoiding handovers to network entities lacking support for the required duplex mode, thereby improving mobility operations.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024085486_09102025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
[Corrected under Rule 26, 18.04.2024]DUPLEX MODE AWARE MOBILITY MANAGEMENT
[0001] [Corrected under Rule 26, 18.04.2024]INTRODUCTION[0001.1][Corrected under Rule 26, 18.04.2024]Field of the Disclosure
[0002] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to wireless communications, and more particularly, to techniques for mobility management.
[0003] Description of Related Art
[0004] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, broadcasts, or other similar types of services. These wireless communications systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communications with multiple users by sharing available wireless communications system resources with those users.
[0005] Although wireless communications systems have made great technological advancements over many years, challenges still exist. For example, complex and dynamic environments can still attenuate or block signals between wireless transmitters and wireless receivers. Accordingly, there is a continuous desire to improve the technical performance of wireless communications systems, including, for example: improving speed and data carrying capacity of communications, improving efficiency of the use of shared communications mediums, reducing power used by transmitters and receivers while performing communications, improving reliability of wireless communications, avoiding redundant transmissions and / or receptions and related processing, improving the coverage area of wireless communications, increasing the number and types of devices that can access wireless communications systems, increasing the ability for different types of devices to intercommunicate, increasing the number and type of wireless communications mediums available for use, and the like. Consequently, there exists a need for further improvements in wireless communications systems to overcome the aforementioned technical challenges and others.SUMMARY
[0006] One aspect provides a method for wireless communications by an apparatus. The method includes obtaining, via a first communication link, an indication of a respective duplex mode for each of one or more second communication links; and communicating with a network entity via at least one communication link of the one or more second communication links based at least in part on the respective duplex mode for the at least one communication link.
[0007] Another aspect provides a method for wireless communications by an apparatus. The method includes sending, via a first communication link, an indication of a respective duplex mode for each of one or more second communication links; and communicating with a user equipment via at least one communication link of the one or more second communication links based at least in part on the respective duplex mode for the at least one communication link.
[0008] Other aspects provide: one or more apparatuses operable, configured, or otherwise adapted to perform any portion of any method described herein (e.g., such that performance may be by only one apparatus or in a distributed fashion across multiple apparatuses) ; one or more non-transitory, computer-readable media comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of one or more apparatuses, cause the one or more apparatuses to perform any portion of any method described herein (e.g., such that instructions may be included in only one computer-readable medium or in a distributed fashion across multiple computer-readable media, such that instructions may be executed by only one processor or by multiple processors in a distributed fashion, such that each apparatus of the one or more apparatuses may include one processor or multiple processors, and / or such that performance may be by only one apparatus or in a distributed fashion across multiple apparatuses) ; one or more computer program products embodied on one or more computer-readable storage media comprising code for performing any portion of any method described herein (e.g., such that code may be stored in only one computer-readable medium or across computer-readable media in a distributed fashion) ; and / or one or more apparatuses comprising one or more means for performing any portion of any method described herein (e.g., such that performance would be by only one apparatus or by multiple apparatuses in a distributed fashion) . By way of example, an apparatus may comprise a processing system, a device with a processing system, or processing systems cooperating over one or more networks. An apparatus may comprise one or more memories; and one or more processors configured to cause the apparatus to perform any portion of any method described herein. In some examples, one or more of the processors may be preconfigured to perform various functions or operations described herein without requiring configuration by software.
[0009] The following description and the appended figures set forth certain features for purposes of illustration.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0010] The appended figures depict certain features of the various aspects described herein and are not to be considered limiting of the scope of this disclosure.
[0011] FIG. 1 depicts an example wireless communications network.
[0012] FIG. 2 depicts an example disaggregated base station architecture.
[0013] FIG. 3 depicts aspects of an example base station and an example user equipment (UE) .
[0014] FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D depict various example aspects of data structures for a wireless communications network.
[0015] FIG. 5 depicts an example of UE mobility in a wireless communications network.
[0016] FIG. 6 depicts an example scheme for full-duplex communications and / or half-duplex communications.
[0017] FIG. 7 depicts a process flow for duplex mode aware mobility management.
[0018] FIG. 8 depicts another process flow for duplex mode aware mobility management.
[0019] FIG. 9 depicts a method for wireless communications.
[0020] FIG. 10 depicts another method for wireless communications.
[0021] FIG. 11 depicts aspects of an example communications device.
[0022] FIG. 12 depicts aspects of an example communications device.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] Aspects of the present disclosure provide apparatuses, methods, processing systems, and computer-readable mediums for duplex mode aware mobility management.
[0024] Mobility management is a scheme employed to ensure service-continuity of a user equipment (UE) through handovers and / or beam switching during UE mobility, for example, as the UE moves across different coverage areas of a radio access network (RAN) . During a handover, a source network entity (e.g., a base station) transfers a connection with a UE to a target network entity, which may be or include a neighboring network entity, for example, as further described herein with respect to FIG. 5. A neighboring network entity may communicate via candidate cell (s) and / or beam (s) having a coverage area adjacent to or overlapping with the coverage area of the source network entity. As the coverage area of a single network entity decreases, such as for high-frequency communications (e.g., millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications) , the frequency for a UE to handover between network entities becomes high, especially for a high-mobility UE (e.g., a UE traveling in a vehicle) . In addition, for applications (e.g., extended reality and / or cloud gaming) characterized with stringent performance specifications (e.g., quality of service (QoS) parameters such as reliability, latency, etc. ) , the quality of experience may be sensitive to the handover performance, such as unsuccessful handovers. An unsuccessful handover can cause packet losses and / or extra delay during the mobility period, which can cause QoS specifications to not be met for packet-drop-intolerant and low-latency applications.
[0025] In certain cases, a UE may be allocated communication resources for half-duplex (HD) communications and / or full-duplex (FD) communications, for example, as further described herein with respect to FIG. 6. During HD communications, a UE may send signals and obtain signals, but at different times, for example, in transmission occasions that do not overlap in time. During FD communications, a UE may obtain signals and send signals simultaneously, for example, in the same transmission occasion. In some cases, a UE may be allocated subbands within the same carrier frequency of a serving cell for FD communications. For example, a UE may be allocated a first subband for downlink communications and a second subband for uplink communications in the same transmission occasion (e.g., one or more symbols and / or slots) . This type of FD communications may be referred to as subband full-duplex (SBFD) . In certain cases, the UE may be allocated resources for FD communications via carrier aggregation (e.g., multiple carriers in the same cell group) and / or multi-connectivity (e.g., multiple carriers in multiple cell groups) . Accordingly, FD communications may be enabled through carrier aggregation, multi-connectivity, and / or SBFD communications.
[0026] Technical problems for mobility management may include, for example, performing effective mobility management operations for traffic that depends on FD communications (e.g., low-latency traffic) , and more specifically, SBFD communications. Certain wireless communication systems (e.g., 5G NR systems) have not established how to perform certain mobility operations for traffic that depends on FD communications. For example, a UE may be engaged in SBFD communications with a first network entity, and due to UE mobility, a handover operation may be performed to switch the UE to communicate with a second network entity that has communication resources configured for HD communications. Accordingly, the handover may affect the performance of wireless communications for the UE as the UE transitions from FD communications to HD communications, for example, in terms of latency and / or throughput.
[0027] Aspects described herein overcome the aforementioned technical problem (s) by providing various techniques for duplex mode aware mobility management. During certain mobility operations (e.g., a handover and / or beam switch) , duplex mode information (e.g., including UE duplex mode capabilities and / or duplex mode configurations available at a network entity) may be exchanged between network entities (e.g., a source network entity and a target or neighbor network entity) and / or between a UE and a network entity. For example, during handover preparation, a target network entity may send, to a source network entity, an indication of the duplex mode (e.g., a FD mode and / or a HD mode) associated with cell (s) and / or beam (s) used for communications at the target network entity. In certain aspects, a target or neighbor network entity may send, to a source network entity, an indication that rejects a handover request due to the target or neighbor network entity lacking support for FD communications or lacking communication resources configured for FD communications. In certain aspects, a UE may be configured with the duplex mode associated with candidate cell (s) and / or beam (s) , for example, for certain mobility operations. In some cases, the UE may be configured to prioritize selection of candidate cell (s) and / or beam (s) based on the duplex mode. In certain aspects, a UE may be configured with parameter (s) for radio measurements specific to a particular duplex mode (e.g., FD mode or SBFD mode) . The UE may report radio measurements associated with candidate cell (s) and / or beam (s) to a source network entity, and the source network entity may use the radio measurements to determine which cell (s) and / or beam (s) to configure for a handover.
[0028] Certain techniques for duplex mode aware mobility management described herein may provide various beneficial technical effects and / or advantages. The techniques for duplex mode aware mobility management may enable improved mobility operations for traffic that depends on FD communications (in particular SBFD communications) , such as reduced latencies, packet losses, handover failures, and / or ping-ponging between network entities. The techniques for duplex mode aware mobility management may ensure service continuity for traffic that depends on a specific duplex mode during mobility operations. For example, the techniques for duplex mode aware mobility management may ensure that a UE engaged in SBFD communications before a handover or beam switch to a target cell or beam is allocated communications resources for SBFD communications on the target cell or beam. The UE may avoid a handover or beam switch to a target cell or beam configured for HD communications. Accordingly, the techniques for duplex mode aware mobility management may allow a UE to maintain FD communications (such as SBFD communications) during mobility operations.
[0029] The term “beam” may be used in the present disclosure in various contexts. Beam may be used to mean a set of gains and / or phases (e.g., precoding weights or co-phasing weights) applied to antenna elements in (or associated with) a wireless communication device for transmission or reception. The term “beam” may also refer to an antenna or radiation pattern of a signal transmitted while applying the gains and / or phases to the antenna elements. Other references to beam may include one or more properties or parameters associated with the antenna (or radiation) pattern, such as an angle of arrival (AoA) , an angle of departure (AoD) , a gain, a phase, a directivity, a beam width, a beam direction (with respect to a plane of reference) in terms of azimuth and / or elevation, a peak-to-side-lobe ratio, and / or an antenna (or precoding) port associated with the antenna (radiation) pattern. The term “beam” may also refer to an associated number and / or configuration of antenna elements (e.g., a uniform linear array, a uniform rectangular array, or other uniform array) .
[0030] Introduction to Wireless Communications Networks
[0031] The techniques and methods described herein may be used for various wireless communications networks. While aspects may be described herein using terminology commonly associated with 3G, 4G, 5G, 6G, and / or other generations of wireless technologies, aspects of the present disclosure may likewise be applicable to other communications systems and standards not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0032] FIG. 1 depicts an example of a wireless communications network 100, in which aspects described herein may be implemented.
[0033] Generally, wireless communications network 100 includes various network entities (alternatively, network elements or network nodes) . A network entity is generally a communications device and / or a communications function performed by a communications device (e.g., a user equipment (UE) , a base station (BS) , a component of a BS, a server, etc. ) . As such communications devices are part of wireless communications network 100, and facilitate wireless communications, such communications devices may be referred to as wireless communications devices. For example, various functions of a network as well as various devices associated with and interacting with a network may be considered network entities. Further, wireless communications network 100 includes terrestrial aspects, such as ground-based network entities (e.g., BSs 102) , and non-terrestrial aspects (also referred to herein as non-terrestrial network entities) , such as satellite 140 and / or aerial or spaceborne platform (s) , which may include network entities on-board (e.g., one or more BSs) capable of communicating with other network elements (e.g., terrestrial BSs) and UEs.
[0034] In the depicted example, wireless communications network 100 includes BSs 102, UEs 104, and one or more core networks, such as an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 160 and 5G Core (5GC) network 190, which interoperate to provide communications services over various communications links, including wired and wireless links.
[0035] FIG. 1 depicts various example UEs 104, which may more generally include: a cellular phone, smart phone, session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, laptop, personal digital assistant (PDA) , satellite radio, global positioning system, multimedia device, video device, digital audio player, camera, game console, tablet, smart device, wearable device, vehicle, electric meter, gas pump, large or small kitchen appliance, healthcare device, implant, sensor / actuator, display, internet of things (IoT) devices, always on (AON) devices, edge processing devices, data centers, or other similar devices. UEs 104 may also be referred to more generally as a mobile device, a wireless device, a station, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a remote device, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, and others.
[0036] BSs 102 wirelessly communicate with (e.g., transmit signals to or receive signals from) UEs 104 via communications links 120. The communications links 120 between BSs 102 and UEs 104 may include uplink (UL) (also referred to as reverse link) transmissions from a UE 104 to a BS 102 and / or downlink (DL) (also referred to as forward link) transmissions from a BS 102 to a UE 104. The communications links 120 may use multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity in various aspects.
[0037] BSs 102 may generally include: a NodeB, enhanced NodeB (eNB) , next generation enhanced NodeB (ng-eNB) , next generation NodeB (gNB or gNodeB) , access point, base transceiver station, radio base station, radio transceiver, transceiver function, transmission reception point, and / or others. Each of BSs 102 may provide communications coverage for a respective coverage area 110, which may sometimes be referred to as a cell, and which may overlap in some cases (e.g., small cell 102’ may have a coverage area 110’ that overlaps the coverage area 110 of a macro cell) . A BS may, for example, provide communications coverage for a macro cell (covering relatively large geographic area) , a pico cell (covering relatively smaller geographic area, such as a sports stadium) , a femto cell (relatively smaller geographic area (e.g., a home) ) , and / or other types of cells.
[0038] Generally, a cell may refer to a portion, partition, or segment of wireless communication coverage served by a network entity within a wireless communication network. A cell may have geographic characteristics, such as a geographic coverage area, as well as radio frequency characteristics, such as time and / or frequency resources dedicated to the cell. For example, a specific geographic coverage area may be covered by multiple cells employing different frequency resources (e.g., bandwidth parts) and / or different time resources. As another example, a specific geographic coverage area may be covered by a single cell. In some contexts (e.g., a carrier aggregation scenario and / or multi-connectivity scenario) , the terms “cell” or “serving cell” may refer to or correspond to a specific carrier frequency (e.g., a component carrier) used for wireless communications, and a “cell group” may refer to or correspond to multiple carriers used for wireless communications. As examples, in a carrier aggregation scenario, a UE may communicate on multiple component carriers corresponding to multiple (serving) cells in the same cell group, and in a multi-connectivity (e.g., dual connectivity) scenario, a UE may communicate on multiple component carriers corresponding to multiple cell groups.
[0039] While BSs 102 are depicted in various aspects as unitary communications devices, BSs 102 may be implemented in various configurations. For example, one or more components of a base station may be disaggregated, including a central unit (CU) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , one or more radio units (RUs) , a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) , or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC, to name a few examples. In another example, various aspects of a base station may be virtualized. More generally, a base station (e.g., BS 102) may include components that are located at a single physical location or components located at various physical locations. In examples in which a base station includes components that are located at various physical locations, the various components may each perform functions such that, collectively, the various components achieve functionality that is similar to a base station that is located at a single physical location. In some aspects, a base station including components that are located at various physical locations may be referred to as a disaggregated radio access network architecture, such as an Open RAN (O-RAN) or Virtualized RAN (VRAN) architecture. FIG. 2 depicts and describes an example disaggregated base station architecture.
[0040] Different BSs 102 within wireless communications network 100 may also be configured to support different radio access technologies, such as 3G, 4G, and / or 5G. For example, BSs 102 configured for 4G LTE (collectively referred to as Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) ) may interface with the EPC 160 through first backhaul links 132 (e.g., an S1 interface) . BSs 102 configured for 5G (e.g., 5G NR or Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN) ) may interface with 5GC 190 through second backhaul links 184. BSs 102 may communicate directly or indirectly (e.g., through the EPC 160 or 5GC 190) with each other over third backhaul links 134 (e.g., X2 interface) , which may be wired or wireless.
[0041] Wireless communications network 100 may subdivide the electromagnetic spectrum into various classes, bands, channels, or other features. In some aspects, the subdivision is provided based on wavelength and frequency, where frequency may also be referred to as a carrier, a subcarrier, a frequency channel, a tone, or a subband. For example, 3GPP currently defines Frequency Range 1 (FR1) as including 410 MHz –7125 MHz, which is often referred to (interchangeably) as “Sub-6 GHz” . Similarly, 3GPP currently defines Frequency Range 2 (FR2) as including 24,250 MHz –71,000 MHz, which is sometimes referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” ( “mmW” or “mmWave” ) . In some cases, FR2 may be further defined in terms of sub-ranges, such as a first sub-range FR2-1 including 24,250 MHz –52,600 MHz and a second sub-range FR2-2 including 52,600 MHz –71,000 MHz. A base station configured to communicate using mmWave / near mmWave radio frequency bands (e.g., a mmWave base station such as BS 180) may utilize beamforming (e.g., 182) with a UE (e.g., 104) to improve path loss and range.
[0042] The communications links 120 between BSs 102 and, for example, UEs 104, may be through one or more carriers, which may have different bandwidths (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100, 400, and / or other MHz) , and which may be aggregated in various aspects. Carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. Allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL than for UL) .
[0043] Communications using higher frequency bands may have higher path loss and a shorter range compared to lower frequency communications. Accordingly, certain base stations (e.g., 180 in FIG. 1) may utilize beamforming 182 with a UE 104 to improve path loss and range. For example, BS 180 and the UE 104 may each include a plurality of antennas, such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays to facilitate the beamforming. In some cases, BS 180 may transmit a beamformed signal to UE 104 in one or more transmit directions 182’. UE 104 may receive the beamformed signal from the BS 180 in one or more receive directions 182”. UE 104 may also transmit a beamformed signal to the BS 180 in one or more transmit directions 182”. BS 180 may also receive the beamformed signal from UE 104 in one or more receive directions 182’. BS 180 and UE 104 may then perform beam training to determine the best receive and transmit directions for each of BS 180 and UE 104. Notably, the transmit and receive directions for BS 180 may or may not be the same. Similarly, the transmit and receive directions for UE 104 may or may not be the same.
[0044] Wireless communications network 100 further includes a Wi-Fi AP 150 in communication with Wi-Fi stations (STAs) 152 via communications links 154 in, for example, a 2.4 GHz and / or 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum.
[0045] Certain UEs 104 may communicate with each other using device-to-device (D2D) communications link 158. D2D communications link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) , a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH) , a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) , a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) , and / or a physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH) .
[0046] EPC 160 may include various functional components, including: a Mobility Management Entity (MME) 162, other MMEs 164, a Serving Gateway 166, a Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) Gateway 168, a Broadcast Multicast Service Center (BM-SC) 170, and / or a Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway 172, such as in the depicted example. MME 162 may be in communication with a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 174. MME 162 is the control node that processes the signaling between the UEs 104 and the EPC 160. Generally, MME 162 provides bearer and connection management.
[0047] Generally, user Internet protocol (IP) packets are transferred through Serving Gateway 166, which itself is connected to PDN Gateway 172. PDN Gateway 172 provides UE IP address allocation as well as other functions. PDN Gateway 172 and the BM-SC 170 are connected to IP Services 176, which may include, for example, the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , a Packet Switched (PS) streaming service, and / or other IP services.
[0048] BM-SC 170 may provide functions for MBMS user service provisioning and delivery. BM-SC 170 may serve as an entry point for content provider MBMS transmission, may be used to authorize and initiate MBMS Bearer Services within a public land mobile network (PLMN) , and / or may be used to schedule MBMS transmissions. MBMS Gateway 168 may be used to distribute MBMS traffic to the BSs 102 belonging to a Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) area broadcasting a particular service, and / or may be responsible for session management (start / stop) and for collecting eMBMS related charging information.
[0049] 5GC 190 may include various functional components, including: an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 192, other AMFs 193, a Session Management Function (SMF) 194, and a User Plane Function (UPF) 195. AMF 192 may be in communication with Unified Data Management (UDM) 196.
[0050] AMF 192 is a control node that processes signaling between UEs 104 and 5GC 190. AMF 192 provides, for example, quality of service (QoS) flow and session management.
[0051] Internet protocol (IP) packets are transferred through UPF 195, which is connected to the IP Services 197, and which provides UE IP address allocation as well as other functions for 5GC 190. IP Services 197 may include, for example, the Internet, an intranet, an IMS, a PS streaming service, and / or other IP services.
[0052] In various aspects, a network entity or network node can be implemented as an aggregated base station, as a disaggregated base station, a component of a base station, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, a sidelink node, to name a few examples.
[0053] FIG. 2 depicts an example disaggregated base station 200 architecture. The disaggregated base station 200 architecture may include one or more central units (CUs) 210 that can communicate directly with a core network 220 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 220 through one or more disaggregated base station units (such as a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 225 via an E2 link, or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC 215 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 205, or both) . A CU 210 may communicate with one or more distributed units (DUs) 230 via respective midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DUs 230 may communicate with one or more radio units (RUs) 240 via respective fronthaul links. The RUs 240 may communicate with respective UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 240.
[0054] Each of the units, e.g., the CUs 210, the DUs 230, the RUs 240, as well as the Near-RT RICs 225, the Non-RT RICs 215 and the SMO Framework 205, may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the communications interfaces of the units, can be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium. For example, the units can include a wired interface configured to receive or transmit signals over a wired transmission medium to one or more of the other units. Additionally or alternatively, the units can include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter or transceiver (such as a radio frequency (RF) transceiver) , configured to receive or transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other units.
[0055] In some aspects, the CU 210 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions can include radio resource control (RRC) , packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) , service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) , or the like. Each control function can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 210. The CU 210 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (e.g., Central Unit –User Plane (CU-UP) ) , control plane functionality (e.g., Central Unit –Control Plane (CU-CP) ) , or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 210 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. The CU-UP unit can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 210 can be implemented to communicate with the DU 230, as necessary, for network control and signaling.
[0056] The DU 230 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 240. In some aspects, the DU 230 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, or the like) depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as those defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . In some aspects, the DU 230 may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 230, or with the control functions hosted by the CU 210.
[0057] Lower-layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RUs 240. In some deployments, an RU 240, controlled by a DU 230, may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions, or low-PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT) , inverse FFT (iFFT) , digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or the like) , or both, based at least in part on the functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, the RU (s) 240 can be implemented to handle over the air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communications with the RU (s) 240 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 230. In some scenarios, this configuration can enable the DU (s) 230 and the CU 210 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
[0058] The SMO Framework 205 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 205 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface) . For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 205 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 290) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface) . Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, CUs 210, DUs 230, RUs 240 and Near-RT RICs 225. In some implementations, the SMO Framework 205 can communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 211, via an O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO Framework 205 can communicate directly with one or more DUs 230 and / or one or more RUs 240 via an O1 interface. The SMO Framework 205 also may include a Non-RT RIC 215 configured to support functionality of the SMO Framework 205.
[0059] The Non-RT RIC 215 may be configured to include a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the Near-RT RIC 225. The Non-RT RIC 215 may be coupled to or communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 225. The Near-RT RIC 225 may be configured to include a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions over an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 210, one or more DUs 230, or both, as well as an O-eNB, with the Near-RT RIC 225.
[0060] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 225, the Non-RT RIC 215 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 225 and may be received at the SMO Framework 205 or the Non-RT RIC 215 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 215 or the Near-RT RIC 225 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 215 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO Framework 205 (such as reconfiguration via O1) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies) .
[0061] FIG. 3 depicts aspects of an example BS 102 and a UE 104.
[0062] Generally, BS 102 includes various processors (e.g., 318, 320, 330, 338, and 340) , antennas 334a-t (collectively 334) , transceivers 332a-t (collectively 332) , which include modulators and demodulators, and other aspects, which enable wireless transmission of data (e.g., data source 312) and wireless reception of data (e.g., data sink 314) . For example, BS 102 may send and receive data between BS 102 and UE 104. BS 102 includes controller / processor 340, which may be configured to implement various functions described herein related to wireless communications. Note that the BS 102 may have a disaggregated architecture as described herein with respect to FIG. 2.
[0063] Generally, UE 104 includes various processors (e.g., 358, 364, 366, 370, and 380) , antennas 352a-r (collectively 352) , transceivers 354a-r (collectively 354) , which include modulators and demodulators, and other aspects, which enable wireless transmission of data (e.g., retrieved from data source 362) and wireless reception of data (e.g., provided to data sink 360) . UE 104 includes controller / processor 380, which may be configured to implement various functions described herein related to wireless communications.
[0064] In regards to an example downlink transmission, BS 102 includes a transmit processor 320 that may receive data from a data source 312 and control information from a controller / processor 340. The control information may be for the physical broadcast channel (PBCH) , physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH) , physical hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) indicator channel (PHICH) , physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , group common PDCCH (GC PDCCH) , and / or others. The data may be for the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) , in some examples.
[0065] Transmit processor 320 may process (e.g., encode and symbol map) the data and control information to obtain data symbols and control symbols, respectively. Transmit processor 320 may also generate reference symbols, such as for the primary synchronization signal (PSS) , secondary synchronization signal (SSS) , PBCH demodulation reference signal (DMRS) , and channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) .
[0066] Transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 330 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide output symbol streams to the modulators (MODs) in transceivers 332a-332t. Each modulator in transceivers 332a-332t may process a respective output symbol stream to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. Downlink signals from the modulators in transceivers 332a-332t may be transmitted via the antennas 334a-334t, respectively.
[0067] In order to receive the downlink transmission, UE 104 includes antennas 352a-352r that may receive the downlink signals from the BS 102 and may provide received signals to the demodulators (DEMODs) in transceivers 354a-354r, respectively. Each demodulator in transceivers 354a-354r may condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and digitize) a respective received signal to obtain input samples. Each demodulator may further process the input samples to obtain received symbols.
[0068] RX MIMO detector 356 may obtain received symbols from all the demodulators in transceivers 354a-354r, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and provide detected symbols. Receive processor 358 may process (e.g., demodulate, deinterleave, and decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for the UE 104 to a data sink 360, and provide decoded control information to a controller / processor 380.
[0069] In regards to an example uplink transmission, UE 104 further includes a transmit processor 364 that may receive and process data (e.g., for the PUSCH) from a data source 362 and control information (e.g., for the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) ) from the controller / processor 380. Transmit processor 364 may also generate reference symbols for a reference signal (e.g., for the sounding reference signal (SRS) ) . The symbols from the transmit processor 364 may be precoded by a TX MIMO processor 366 if applicable, further processed by the modulators in transceivers 354a-354r (e.g., for SC-FDM) , and transmitted to BS 102.
[0070] At BS 102, the uplink signals from UE 104 may be received by antennas 334a-t, processed by the demodulators in transceivers 332a-332t, detected by a RX MIMO detector 336 if applicable, and further processed by a receive processor 338 to obtain decoded data and control information sent by UE 104. Receive processor 338 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 314 and the decoded control information to the controller / processor 340.
[0071] Memories 342 and 382 may store data and program codes for BS 102 and UE 104, respectively.
[0072] Scheduler 344 may schedule UEs for data transmission on the downlink and / or uplink.
[0073] In various aspects, BS 102 may be described as transmitting and receiving various types of data associated with the methods described herein. In these contexts, “transmitting” may refer to various mechanisms of outputting data, such as outputting data from data source 312, scheduler 344, memory 342, transmit processor 320, controller / processor 340, TX MIMO processor 330, transceivers 332a-t, antenna 334a-t, and / or other aspects described herein. Similarly, “receiving” may refer to various mechanisms of obtaining data, such as obtaining data from antennas 334a-t, transceivers 332a-t, RX MIMO detector 336, controller / processor 340, receive processor 338, scheduler 344, memory 342, and / or other aspects described herein.
[0074] In various aspects, UE 104 may likewise be described as transmitting and receiving various types of data associated with the methods described herein. In these contexts, “transmitting” may refer to various mechanisms of outputting data, such as outputting data from data source 362, memory 382, transmit processor 364, controller / processor 380, TX MIMO processor 366, transceivers 354a-t, antenna 352a-t, and / or other aspects described herein. Similarly, “receiving” may refer to various mechanisms of obtaining data, such as obtaining data from antennas 352a-t, transceivers 354a-t, RX MIMO detector 356, controller / processor 380, receive processor 358, memory 382, and / or other aspects described herein.
[0075] In some aspects, a processor may be configured to perform various operations, such as those associated with the methods described herein, and transmit (output) to or receive (obtain) data from another interface that is configured to transmit or receive, respectively, the data.
[0076] In various aspects, artificial intelligence (AI) processors 318 and 370 may perform AI processing for BS 102 and / or UE 104, respectively. The AI processor 318 may include AI accelerator hardware or circuitry such as one or more neural processing units (NPUs) , one or more neural network processors, one or more tensor processors, one or more deep learning processors, etc. The AI processor 370 may likewise include AI accelerator hardware or circuitry. As an example, the AI processor 370 may perform AI-based beam management, AI-based channel state feedback (CSF) , AI-based antenna tuning, and / or AI-based positioning (e.g., non-line of sight positioning prediction) . In some cases, the AI processor 318 may process feedback from the UE 104 (e.g., CSF) using hardware accelerated AI inferences and / or AI training. The AI processor 318 may decode compressed CSF from the UE 104, for example, using a hardware accelerated AI inference associated with the CSF. In certain cases, the AI processor 318 may perform certain RAN-based functions including, for example, network planning, network performance management, energy-efficient network operations, etc.
[0077] FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D depict aspects of data structures for a wireless communications network, such as wireless communications network 100 of FIG. 1.
[0078] In particular, FIG. 4A is a diagram 400 illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G (e.g., 5G NR) frame structure, FIG. 4B is a diagram 430 illustrating an example of DL channels within a 5G subframe, FIG. 4C is a diagram 450 illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G frame structure, and FIG. 4D is a diagram 480 illustrating an example of UL channels within a 5G subframe.
[0079] Wireless communications systems may utilize orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with a cyclic prefix (CP) on the uplink and downlink. Such systems may also support half-duplex operation using time division duplexing (TDD) . OFDM and single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) partition the system bandwidth (e.g., as depicted in FIGS. 4B and 4D) into multiple orthogonal subcarriers. Each subcarrier may be modulated with data. Modulation symbols may be sent in the frequency domain with OFDM and / or in the time domain with SC-FDM.
[0080] A wireless communications frame structure may be frequency division duplex (FDD) , in which, for a particular set of subcarriers, subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for either DL or UL. Wireless communications frame structures may also be time division duplex (TDD) , in which, for a particular set of subcarriers, subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for both DL and UL.
[0081] In FIG. 4A and 4C, the wireless communications frame structure is TDD where D is DL, U is UL, and X is flexible for use between DL / UL. UEs may be configured with a slot format through a received slot format indicator (SFI) (dynamically through DL control information (DCI) , or semi-statically / statically through radio resource control (RRC) signaling) . In the depicted examples, a 10 ms frame is divided into 10 equally sized 1 ms subframes. Each subframe may include one or more time slots. In some examples, each slot may include 12 or 14 symbols, depending on the cyclic prefix (CP) type (e.g., 12 symbols per slot for an extended CP or 14 symbols per slot for a normal CP) . Subframes may also include mini-slots, which generally have fewer symbols than an entire slot. Other wireless communications technologies may have a different frame structure and / or different channels.
[0082] In certain aspects, the number of slots within a subframe (e.g., a slot duration in a subframe) is based on a numerology, which may define a frequency domain subcarrier spacing and symbol duration as further described herein. In certain aspects, given a numerology μ, there are 2μ slots per subframe. Thus, numerologies (μ) 0 to 6 may allow for 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 slots, respectively, per subframe. In some cases, the extended CP (e.g., 12 symbols per slot) may be used with a specific numerology, e.g., numerology 2 allowing for 4 slots per subframe. The subcarrier spacing and symbol length / duration are a function of the numerology. The subcarrier spacing may be equal to 2μ×15 kHz, where μ is the numerology 0 to 6. As an example, the numerology μ=0 corresponds to a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz, and the numerology μ=6 corresponds to a subcarrier spacing of 960 kHz. The symbol length / duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D provide an example of a slot format having 14 symbols per slot (e.g., a normal CP) and a numerology μ=2 with 4 slots per subframe. In such a case, the slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 μs.
[0083] As depicted in FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D, a resource grid may be used to represent the frame structure. Each time slot includes a resource block (RB) (also referred to as physical RBs (PRBs) ) that extends, for example, 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs) . The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme including, for example, quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) .
[0084] As illustrated in FIG. 4A, some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for a UE (e.g., UE 104 of FIGS. 1 and 3) . The RS may include demodulation RS (DMRS) and / or channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. The RS may also include beam measurement RS (BRS) , beam refinement RS (BRRS) , and / or phase tracking RS (PT-RS) .
[0085] FIG. 4B illustrates an example of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame. The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more control channel elements (CCEs) , each CCE including, for example, nine RE groups (REGs) , each REG including, for example, four consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol.
[0086] A primary synchronization signal (PSS) may be within symbol 2 of particular subframes of a frame. The PSS is used by a UE (e.g., 104 of FIGS. 1 and 3) to determine subframe / symbol timing and a physical layer identity.
[0087] A secondary synchronization signal (SSS) may be within symbol 4 of particular subframes of a frame. The SSS is used by a UE to determine a physical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing.
[0088] Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine a physical cell identifier (PCI) . Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the locations of the aforementioned DMRS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH) , which carries a master information block (MIB) , may be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block (SSB) , and in some cases, referred to as a synchronization signal block (SSB) . The MIB provides a number of RBs in the system bandwidth and a system frame number (SFN) . The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted through the PBCH such as system information blocks (SIBs) , and / or paging messages.
[0089] As illustrated in FIG. 4C, some of the REs carry DMRS (indicated as R for one particular configuration, but other DMRS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE may transmit DMRS for the PUCCH and DMRS for the PUSCH. The PUSCH DMRS may be transmitted, for example, in the first one or two symbols of the PUSCH. The PUCCH DMRS may be transmitted in different configurations depending on whether short or long PUCCHs are transmitted and depending on the particular PUCCH format used. UE 104 may transmit sounding reference signals (SRS) . The SRS may be transmitted, for example, in the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS may have a comb structure, and a UE may transmit SRS on one of the combs. The SRS may be used by a base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent scheduling on the UL.
[0090] FIG. 4D illustrates an example of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame. The PUCCH may be located as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI) , such as scheduling requests, a channel quality indicator (CQI) , a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) , a rank indicator (RI) , and HARQ ACK / NACK feedback. The PUSCH carries data, and may additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR) , a power headroom report (PHR) , and / or UCI.
[0091] Example Mobility Management
[0092] FIG. 5 depicts an example of UE mobility in a wireless communications network 500. In this example, the wireless communications network 500 may include a first network entity 502a having a first coverage area 510a and a second network entity 502b having a second coverage area 510b, which may overlap with the first coverage area 510a. The first network entity 502a may also have a third coverage area 510c. In certain aspects, the first coverage area 510a may form a first cell, the second coverage area 510b may form a second cell, and the third coverage area 510c may form a third cell. The first cell and third cell may form a first cell group, and the second cell may form a second cell group. The first network entity 502a may communicate via a first set of beams 512a, and the second network entity 502b may communicate via a second set of beams 512b.
[0093] Due to mobility (e.g., a UE 504 moving from the first coverage area 510a to the second coverage area 510b) , the UE 504 may transition from communicating with the first network entity 502a via the first set of beams 512a to communicating with the second network entity 502b via the second set of beams 512b. As an example, the UE 504 may be located at a first position P1 in the first coverage area 510a and / or the third coverage area 510c at a first occasion, and then the UE 504 may move to a second position P2 in the second coverage area 510b at a second, later occasion.
[0094] In some cases, the UE 504 may send a measurement report to the first network entity 502a. For example, the first network entity 502a may configure the UE 504 to measure a set of neighboring cell (s) and / or beam (s) of one or more neighboring network entities (e.g., the second network entity 502b) . In some cases, the UE 504 may identify neighboring cell (s) and / or beam (s) of a neighboring network entity, for example, via signaling transmitted by the neighboring network entity. The neighboring cell (s) and / or beam (s) may be or include candidate communication link (s) that the UE can handover or switch to from the cell (s) and / or beam (s) of the first network entity 502a. As an example, the neighboring cell (s) and / or beam (s) may include the second cell of the second coverage area 510b and / or the second set of beams 512b. The measurement report may indicate radio measurements (e.g., signal strengths) associated with the serving cell of the first network entity 502a and / or neighboring cell (s) of the second network entity 502b. In certain cases, the measurement report may indicate the signal strengths associated with certain beam (s) of the serving cell and the neighboring cell (s) , such as the first set of beams 512a and / or the second set of beams 512b. Based on the measurement report (e.g., indicating a stronger signal strength associated with radio measurements for the second network entity 502b relative to the first network entity 502a) , the first network entity 502a may determine to handover (HO) communications with the UE 504 to the second network entity 502b. The first network entity 502a may be in communication with the second network entity 502b via a backhaul link 534 (e.g., an F1, Xn, and / or NG interface) in order to exchange information for the handover. In the context of a handover, the first network entity 502a may be referred to as a source network entity; and the second network entity 502b may be referred to as a target, neighboring, or candidate network entity. During a handover, the source network entity transfers a connection with a UE to a target network entity, and a candidate or neighboring network entity may be or include a network entity that communicates via candidate cell (s) and / or beam (s) having a coverage area adjacent to or overlapping with the coverage area of the source network entity.
[0095] In some cases, the handover may involve a CU / DU handover, such as inter-DU-intra-CU handover and / or inter-CU handover. For example, the handover may involve a handover from a source DU to a target or candidate DU in communication with a common CU (e.g., inter-DU-intra-CU handover) . The handover may involve a handover from a source CU to a target or candidate CU (e.g., inter-CU handover) . Accordingly, the first network entity 502a and / or the second network entity 502b may be an example of an RU, DU, and / or CU.
[0096] Note that the handover illustrated in FIG. 5 is an example of a mobility operation. Aspects of the present disclosure described herein with respect to duplex-mode aware mobility management may be applied to various types of UE mobility operations including, for example, an Xn based handover, an N2 based handover, lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) , conditional handover, beam selection, beam switch, serving cell modification, serving cell addition, serving cell release, cell group modification, cell group addition, cell group release, etc. A handover may be triggered, for example, due to radio conditions (e.g., in response to a measurement report) , load balancing at a network entity, and / or a specific service (e.g., to ensure wireless communications performance that satisfies a QoS specification) .
[0097] LTM may refer to a specific type of handover procedure where a UE is configured, such as via Layer-3 signaling, with multiple candidate configurations for communications via candidate cells, and a network entity changes a serving cell of a UE by a cell switch command, such as signaled via Layer-1 signaling and / or Layer-2 signaling. The cell switch command indicates a candidate configuration for communications via a candidate cell. Then, the UE switches to the candidate configuration for communications via the candidate cell according to the cell switch command. Layer-1, Layer-2, and Layer-3 may refer to certain layers in a control plane protocol stack. The LTM procedure can be used to reduce the mobility latency, channel usage, and interruption time during a handover, for example, due to the UE being configured with multiple configurations for candidate cells. As an example, LTM may be performed for intra-DU and / or intra-CU-inter-DU mobility. During LTM, a user plane session may be maintained with the target or candidate cell for intra-DU mobility, without reset, to avoid or minimize packet losses and / or additional latencies.
[0098] Example Duplex Modes
[0099] FIG. 6 depicts an example scheme 600 for FD communications and / or HD communications. In this example, a UE may be allocated a set of uplink resources (hereinafter “the HD uplink channel 602” ) for HD communications in a first transmission occasion (e.g., a slot) . The HD uplink channel 602 may include one or more time-frequency resources. The HD uplink channel 602 may occupy a subband (e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP) ) of a carrier 612 defined by a frequency bandwidth. The HD uplink channel 602 may form a subband for subband HD (SBHD) communications. In certain aspects, the SBHD configuration (or allocation) for the HD uplink channel 602 may be referred to as a SBHD mode.
[0100] In a second transmission occasion (e.g., a slot) , the UE may be allocated a second set of uplink resources (hereinafter “the FD uplink channel 604” ) , a first set of downlink resources (hereinafter “the first FD downlink channel 606” ) , and in some cases, a second set of downlink resources (hereinafter “the second FD downlink channel 608” ) for FD communications. The FD uplink channel 604 may be arranged between the first FD downlink channel 606 and the second FD downlink channel 608 in the frequency domain. In certain aspects, a guard band may be arranged between the FD uplink channel 604 and the first FD downlink channel 606 in the frequency domain, and between the FD uplink channel 604 and the second FD downlink channel 608 in the frequency domain. In certain aspects, each of the FD uplink channel 604, the first FD downlink channel 606, and the second FD downlink channel 608 may occupy a subband of the carrier 612. The FD uplink channel 604, the first FD downlink channel 606, and the second FD downlink channel 608 may form subbands for subband FD (SBFD) communications. In certain aspects, the SBFD configuration (or allocation) for the FD uplink channel 604, the first FD downlink channel 606, and the second FD downlink channel 608 may be referred to as a SBFD mode.
[0101] In a third transmission occasion (e.g., a slot) , the UE may be allocated a set of downlink resources (hereinafter “the HD downlink channel 610” ) for HD communications. The HD downlink channel 610 may occupy a subband of the carrier 612. The HD downlink channel 610 may form a subband for subband HD (SBHD) communications. In certain aspects, the SBHD configuration (or allocation) for the HD downlink channel 610 may be referred to as a SBHD mode. Any of the channels 602-610 may be or include a BWP (or a sub-carrier or subband) of the carrier 612.
[0102] Note that the SBHD modes and SBFD mode depicted in FIG. 6 are examples to facilitate an understanding of HD and FD communications, and more specifically, SBHD and SBFD communications. Other resource allocations or arrangements for HD and FD communications may be used in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0103] In certain aspects, FD communications may be configured across multiple carriers (e.g., the carrier 612) . For example, a UE may be allocated a FD downlink channel in a first carrier and a FD uplink channel in a second carrier. Such a FD configuration (or allocation) may be referred to as a FD mode.
[0104] Aspects Related to Duplex Mode Aware Mobility Management
[0105] Aspects described herein provide various techniques for duplex mode aware mobility management, which may enable improved mobility operations, for example, for traffic that depends on FD communications (in particular SBFD communications) , such as reduced latencies, packet losses, handover failures, and / or ping-ponging between network entities.
[0106] In certain aspects, duplex mode information may be exchanged between network entities and / or between a UE and a network entity. The duplex mode information may include a duplex mode capability and / or configuration associated with a UE and / or a network entity. During handover preparation, a target network entity (e.g., the second network entity 502b) may provide, to a source network entity (e.g., the first network entity 502a) , a duplex mode configuration associated with the target network entity. The duplex mode configuration may indicate the duplex mode for each of the cell (s) and / or beam (s) (or a subset thereof) used at the target network entity for communications. For example, the duplex mode configuration may indicate a specific cell or beam that is in SBFD mode, SBHD mode, and / or FD mode, for example, as described herein with respect to FIG. 6. The source network entity may inform a UE about the duplex mode (s) associated with the cell (s) and / or beam (s) used at the target network entity for communications, for example, via a handover command. The UE may communicate with the target network entity in accordance with the duplex mode configuration. For example, the UE may communicate with the target network entity via a cell or beam that is in SBFD mode, SBHD mode, and / or FD mode depending on the traffic being communicated by the UE.
[0107] In certain aspects, the source network entity may select the target network entity based on the duplex mode configuration associated with the target network entity. The source network entity may query multiple neighbor network entities for the duplex mode configurations associated with the cell (s) and / or beam (s) served at the neighbor network entities. The source network entity may select at least one of the neighbor network entities that has cell (s) and / or beam (s) available for communications aligned with the duplex mode capability of a UE. For example, the source network entity may obtain a first duplex mode configuration for a first neighbor and a second duplex mode configuration for a second neighbor. The first duplex mode configuration may indicate that the first neighbor lacks cell (s) and / or beam (s) configured in SBFD mode, SBHD mode, and / or FD mode; whereas the second duplex mode configuration may indicate that the second neighbor has cell (s) and / or beam (s) configured in SBFD mode, SBHD mode, and / or FD mode. When the UE supports SBFD mode, SBHD mode, and / or FD mode, source network entity may select the second neighbor as a target for a handover.
[0108] In certain aspects, a neighbor network entity may reject a handover request from a source network entity based on duplex mode information associated with a UE. The source network entity may send, to a neighbor network entity via a handover request, an indication that a UE is capable of communicating in a SBFD mode, SBHD mode, and / or FD mode. The neighbor network entity may send, to the source network entity, an indication that rejects the handover request based on the UE’s duplex mode capability. The neighbor network entity may respond to the handover request with a rejection when the duplex mode capability of the UE is not aligned with the capabilities or configuration associated with the neighbor network entity. For example, the neighbor network entity may respond to the handover request with a rejection when the neighbor network entity lacks communication resources allocated or configured for a SBFD mode, SBHD mode, and / or FD mode. In certain aspects, the rejection may be communicated via a handover preparation failure message with a specific cause value associated with the duplex mode capability of the UE. For example, the cause value may indicate that a SBFD aware UE (e.g., a UE capable of communicating in a SBFD mode) is not allowed to communicate with the neighbor network entity.
[0109] In certain aspects, a duplex mode capability associated with a UE may be conveyed between network entities via a priority indicator. The priority indicator may indicate that the UE is capable of communicating in a SBFD mode, SBHD mode, and / or FD mode. The priority indicator may indicate to prioritize a first duplex mode over a second duplex mode. For example, the priority indicator may indicate to prioritize FD mode and / or SBFD mode over SBHD mode. The priority indicator may indicate to prioritize FD mode over SBFD mode and / or SBHD mode. The priority indicator may indicate any suitable prioritization among SBFD mode, SBHD mode, and / or FD mode. The priority indicator may be UE specific. For example, the priority indicator may be assigned to a particular UE. In certain aspects, the priority indicator may be used by a network entity to derive UE specific cell reselection priorities to control idle mode camping, for example, in a particular duplex mode and / or to decide on redirecting connected mode UEs to different frequency layers or RATs that support a particular duplex mode. The priority indicator may be or include a radio access technology (RAT) / frequency selection priority (RFSP) index for 5G NR systems or the like for any future wireless communications system.
[0110] The priority indicator may be communicated from a source network entity to a target network entity for mobility operations, such as X2, S1, Xn, and / or NG-based handovers. The priority indicator may be communicated from a source AMF or MME to target AMF or MME during inter-core network mobility (e.g., inter AMF / MME mobility) . The priority indicator may be communicated from a source CU to a target DU (or vice-versa) . As an example, a source network entity may send, to a target network entity, a handover request that indicates or includes a priority indicator for a UE, and the priority indicator may indicate a duplex mode supported by the UE and / or indicate to prioritize one or more duplex modes for the UE. Based on the priority indicator for the UE, the target network entity can be made aware that the incoming UE supports a SBFD mode, SBHD mode, and / or FD mode; and the target network entity can respond to the handover request based on the priority indicator. For example, the target network entity may configure communication resources in a SBFD mode, SBHD mode, and / or FD mode for the incoming UE. In certain aspects, the target network entity may provide priority to incoming UEs that support communications in a SBFD mode, SBHD mode, and / or FD mode if the target network entity supports such duplex mode (s) . In certain aspects, the target network entity may reject an incoming UE for a handover if target network entity lacks support for such duplex mode (s) .
[0111] Aspects Related to Duplex Mode Aware Candidate Selection
[0112] In certain aspects, a UE may be notified of candidate cell (s) and / or beam (s) for mobility operations and the respective duplex mode associated with each of the candidate cell (s) and / or beam (s) (or a subset thereof) . For example, for certain conditional mobility operations (e.g., during preparation for conditional handover, conditional serving cell addition, conditional serving cell change, and / or LTM) , a network entity (e.g., a source network entity) may send, to a UE, the duplex mode configuration for candidate cell (s) and / or beam (s) . The duplex mode configuration may indicate or include the duplex mode associated with each of the candidate cell (s) and / or beam (s) (or a subset thereof) of the source network entity, neighbor network entity, and / or target network entity. The duplex mode configuration for candidate cell (s) and / or beam (s) may be communicated as a part of a configuration for a mobility operation, such as conditional handover, conditional serving cell addition, conditional serving cell change, and / or LTM. The configuration for the mobility operation may indicate or include one or more criteria (e.g., when radio measurements for a candidate satisfy a threshold) that trigger a communication link modification (e.g., handover or beam switch) among one or more candidate cell (s) and / or beam (s) . In certain aspects, the duplex mode configuration for candidate cell (s) and / or beam (s) may be communicated separately from the configuration for the mobility operation. The duplex mode configuration for candidate cell (s) and / or beam (s) may be communicated via radio resource control (RRC) signaling, medium access control (MAC) signaling, downlink control information (DCI) , and / or system information.
[0113] In certain aspects, the UE may be configured (e.g., via a pre-configuration and / or signaling) to select a candidate cell or beam for a mobility operation (e.g., conditional handover, conditional serving cell addition, conditional serving cell change, and / or LTM) based on the duplex mode for the candidate cell or beam. The UE may be configured to prioritize communications via a candidate cell or beam according to the duplex mode for the candidate cell or beam. For example, the UE may prioritize a first candidate cell or beam in SBFD mode over a second candidate cell or beam in HD mode regardless of radio conditions for the candidates or when radio conditions are the same or similar for the candidates.
[0114] Aspects Related to Duplex Mode Aware Measurement Reporting
[0115] In certain aspects, a UE may be configured with one or more parameters for radio measurement and / or radio measurement reporting that is specific to the duplex mode for a cell or beam and / or the duplex mode capability of the UE. As discussed above, a UE may send, to a network entity (e.g., the source network entity) , a radio measurement report that indicates or includes radio measurement (s) for candidate cell (s) and / or beam (s) associated with a source network entity and / or a neighbor network entity. The radio measurement (s) may include, for example, a reference signal received power (RSRP) , a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) , and / or a signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) . The network entity may use the radio measurement report to determine a suitable candidate for a handover and / or beam switch. The UE may be configured to measure candidate cell (s) and / or beam (s) in measurement gap (s) with a periodicity. The UE may be configured to send the measurement report in periodic reporting occasions with a periodicity and / or in response to certain triggering criteria.
[0116] In certain cases, a SBFD aware UE may be capable of communicating via more time-frequency resources than another type of UE that lacks support for SBFD mode. In certain cases, a SBFD aware UE may be capable of communicating in the presence of different levels of interference or noise (e.g., more or less) due to FD communications than another type of UE that lacks support for SBFD mode. As an example, a SBFD aware UE may be configured with periodic measurement gaps with a greater duration per measurement gap in order to provide more time to measure the candidate resources for SBFD mode. The SBFD aware UE may be configured to report radio measurements with a greater or longer periodicity. The SBFD aware may be configured to execute a mobility operation (e.g., conditional handover, conditional serving cell addition, conditional serving cell change, and / or LTM) or trigger communication of a measurement report with more relaxed conditions. A UE may be configured with a SBFD specific measurement gap, SBFD specific measurement configuration, which may indicate or include a SBFD specific measurement reporting interval, a SBFD specific set of cells / beams to measure, and / or a SBFD specific set of execution conditions for communication of a measurement report. Accordingly, a configuration for radio measurement and / or radio measurement reporting may be configured based on the duplex mode for a cell or beam and / or the duplex mode capability of the UE.
[0117] Example Signaling for Duplex Mode Aware Mobility Management
[0118] FIG. 7 depicts a process flow 700 for duplex mode aware mobility management in a system including a first network entity 702a, a second network entity 702b, and a user equipment (UE) 704. In some aspects, the network entity 702a, 702b may be an example of the BS 102 depicted and described with respect to FIG. 1 and 3 or a disaggregated base station depicted and described with respect to FIG. 2. Similarly, the UE 704 may be an example of UE 104 depicted and described with respect to FIG. 1 and 3. However, in other aspects, UE 704 may be another type of wireless communications device and network entity 702a, 702b may be another type of network entity or network node, such as those described herein. Note that any operations or signaling illustrated with dashed lines may indicate that that operation or signaling is an optional or alternative example.
[0119] At 706, the UE 704 sends, to the first network entity 702a, an indication of a duplex mode capability associated with the UE 704. The duplex mode capability may indicate that UE 704 is capable of communicating in a SBFD mode, SBHD mode, and / or FD mode, for example, as described herein with respect to FIG. 6. The duplex mode capability may be communicated via RRC signaling, MAC signaling, and / or uplink control information (UCI) .
[0120] At 708, the UE 704 obtains, from the first network entity 702a, one or more duplex mode aware configuration (s) . The configuration (s) may indicate or include a radio measurement configuration, a measurement reporting configuration, and / or a mobility operation configuration (e.g., a configuration for conditional handover, conditional serving cell addition, conditional serving cell change, and / or LTM) , for example, as discussed above. The configuration (s) may be based on the duplex mode capability associated with the UE 704. As an example, the radio measurement configuration may indicate measurement resource (s) and the respective measurement occasions (e.g., periodic measurement occasions) for candidate cell (s) and / or beam (s) in SBFD mode, SBHD mode, and / or FD mode. The measurement reporting configuration may indicate certain criteria that trigger reporting a measurement report, and the criteria may be specific to communication recourse (s) in SBFD mode and / or FD mode. The mobility operation configuration may indicate or include candidate cell (s) and / or beam (s) and the duplex mode associated with each of the candidate cell (s) and / or beam (s) (or a subset thereof) . The configuration (s) may be communicated via RRC signaling, MAC signaling, DCI and / or system information.
[0121] At 710, the UE 704 may obtain, from the first network entity 702a, an indication of a duplex mode for candidate communication link (s) , such as candidate cell (s) , candidate beam (s) , and / or candidate cell group (s) . The indication may be communicated separately from or as a part of the configuration (s) at 708. The indication may be communicated via RRC signaling, MAC signaling, DCI and / or system information.
[0122] At 712, the UE 704 may obtain, from the second network entity 702b, reference signal (s) at certain measurement occasion (s) , for example, based on the duplex mode aware radio measurement configuration obtained at 708. The UE 704 may obtain the reference signal (s) at periodic measurement occasions (e.g., measurement gaps) . The reference signal (s) may be communicated in time-frequency resource (s) associated with the candidate cell (s) and / or beam (s) in SBFD mode, SBHD mode, and / or FD mode. The UE 704 may obtain radio measurements for the reference signal (s) . The reference signal (s) may include an SSB, CSI-RS, DM-RS, and / or any other suitable reference signal.
[0123] At 714, the UE 704 may send, to the first network entity 702a, a measurement report that indicates the radio measurement (s) associated with the candidate cell (s) and / or beam (s) for the second network entity 702b. As an example, the measurement report may indicate that the channel conditions are better for certain candidate (s) cell (s) and / or beam (s) of the second network entity 702b in SBFD mode, SBHD mode, and / or FD mode compared to the channel conditions for the first network entity 702a.
[0124] At 716, the UE 704 may obtain, from the first network entity 702a, a handover command that indicates to switch from communicating with the first network entity 702a to communicating with the second network entity 702b. The handover command may indicate or include the duplex mode configuration for communication link (s) (e.g., cell (s) and / or beams) used for communications at the second network entity 702b. As an example, the handover command may indicate that a specific cell or beam is in SBFD mode, SBHD mode, and / or FD mode.
[0125] At 718, the UE 704 communicates with the second network entity 702b in accordance with the duplex mode associated with the communication link (s) used for communications at the second network entity 702b. As an example, the UE 704 may perform a conditional handover, a conditional serving cell addition, a conditional serving cell change, and / or an LTM via a communication link of the second network entity 702b in SBFD mode, SBHD mode, and / or FD mode. The mobility operations may enable the UE 704 to maintain service continuity in a duplex mode via a cell or beam of the second network entity 702b. For example, the UE 704 may be communicating traffic that depends on a SBFD mode, and the duplex mode aware mobility operation may allow the UE 704 to maintain the SBFD mode with the second network entity 702b.
[0126] FIG. 8 depicts another process flow 800 for duplex mode aware mobility management in a system including a first network entity 802a, a second network entity 802b, a third network entity 802c, and a user equipment (UE) 804. In some aspects, any of the network entities 802a-c may be an example of the BS 102 depicted and described with respect to FIG. 1 and 3 or a disaggregated base station depicted and described with respect to FIG. 2. Similarly, the UE 804 may be an example of UE 104 depicted and described with respect to FIG. 1 and 3. However, in other aspects, UE 804 may be another type of wireless communications device and any of the network entities 802a-c may be another type of network entity or network node, such as those described herein.
[0127] At 806, the first network entity 802a sends, to the second network entity 802b, a handover request for the UE 804. In certain cases, the handover request may indicate or include an indication of the duplex mode capability of the UE 804, for example, as a priority indicator discussed above. As an example, the handover request may indicate or include a priority indicator for a duplex mode (e.g., a priority index for SBFD mode, SBHD mode, and / or FD mode) associated with the UE 804.
[0128] At 808, the first network entity 802a obtains, from the second network entity 802b, a handover request acknowledgement in response to the handover request. The handover request acknowledgement may indicate or include the duplex mode configuration for the communication link (s) (e.g., cell (s) and / or beams) of the second network entity 802b. As an example, the handover request acknowledgement may indicate or include an RRC reconfiguration message associated with the second network entity 802b. The RRC reconfiguration message may indicate or include the duplex mode configuration for the communication link (s) (e.g., cell (s) and / or beams) of the second network entity 802b.
[0129] At 810, the first network entity 802a sends, to the third network entity 802c, a handover request for the UE 804. The handover request may indicate or include an indication of the duplex mode capability of the UE 804.
[0130] At 812, the first network entity 802a obtains, from the third network entity 802c, a response to the handover request. In certain cases, the response may indicate or include a duplex mode configuration for the communication link (s) of the third network entity 802c via a handover request acknowledgement. As an example, the response may indicate that the third network entity 802c lacks communication link (s) in a SBFD mode, SBHD mode, and / or FD mode.
[0131] In certain cases, the response may indicate or include a rejection for the handover request, as discussed herein. The response may indicate or include a handover preparation failure with a cause value that indicates that a SBFD aware UE is not allowed to communicate with the third network entity 802c.
[0132] At 814, the UE 804 obtains, from the first network entity 802a, a handover command that indicates to handover to the second network entity 802b. The handover command may be or include a RRC reconfiguration message. The handover command may indicate or include a duplex mode configuration for communication link (s) served at (e.g., used for communication at) the second network entity 802b. The first network entity 802a may select the second network entity 802b as the target for the handover due to the second network entity 802b supporting a SBFD mode, SBHD mode, and / or FD mode as indicated via the handover request acknowledgement at 808.
[0133] At 816, the UE 804 performs a handover operation to switch from communicating with the first network entity 802a to communicating with the second network entity 802b. For example, the UE 804 may perform a random access procedure to initiate communications with the second network entity 802b, and the UE 804 may send a reconfiguration complete to the second network entity 802b during the random access procedure.
[0134] At 818, the UE 804 communicates with the second network entity 802b in accordance with the duplex mode associated with the communication link (s) used for communications at the second network entity 802b. The mobility operations may enable the UE 804 to maintain service continuity in a duplex mode via a cell or beam of the second network entity 802b and avoid a handover to the third network entity 802c, which may lack communication resources in a SBFD mode, SBHD mode, and / or FD mode. For example, the UE 804 may be communicating traffic that depends on a SBFD mode, and the duplex mode aware mobility operation may allow the UE 804 to maintain the SBFD mode with the second network entity 802b.
[0135] Note that the mobility operations illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8 are examples of handovers for duplex mode aware mobility management, and aspects of the present disclosure may be applied to any of the other types mobility operations discussed herein. Note that the operations and signaling illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8 is described herein to facilitate an understanding of duplex mode aware mobility management, and aspects of the present disclosure may be performed in various manners via alternative or additional signaling and / or operations.
[0136] Example Operations for Duplex Mode Aware Mobility Management
[0137] FIG. 9 shows a method 900 for wireless communications by an apparatus, such as UE 104 of FIGS. 1 and 3.
[0138] Method 900 begins at block 905 with obtaining, via a first communication link, an indication of a respective duplex mode for each of one or more second communication links. In certain aspects, the respective duplex mode for the at least one communication link comprises one or more of: a subband full-duplex mode; a subband half-duplex mode; or a full-duplex mode. In certain aspects, the one or more second communication links comprise one or more of: one or more beams; one or more cells; or one or more cell groups. The duplex mode for a communication link may refer to the duplex mode used for communications via the communication link (e.g., a cell or beam) .
[0139] Method 900 then proceeds to block 910 with communicating with a network entity via at least one communication link of the one or more second communication links based at least in part on the respective duplex mode for the at least one communication link. In certain aspects, block 910 includes switching from communicating via the first communication link to the at least one communication link. Switching from communicating via the first communication link to the at least one communication link may include a mobility operation, such as a cell switch, a handover, a beam switch, etc.
[0140] In certain aspects, block 905 includes obtaining, via the first communication link, a configuration for communications via the one or more second communication links, wherein the configuration indicates the respective duplex mode for each of the one or more second communication links.
[0141] In certain aspects, the one or more second communication links comprise one or more candidate communication links for a communication link modification. In certain aspects, method 900 further includes obtaining a configuration that indicates one or more criteria that trigger the communication link modification. In certain aspects, the configuration indicates the respective duplex mode for each of the one or more second communication links.
[0142] In certain aspects, method 900 further includes obtaining a configuration that indicates one or more criteria that trigger a communication link modification among one or more candidate communication links that include the one or more second communication links. In certain aspects, method 900 further includes selecting the at least one communication link (e.g., a target cell or beam) among the one or more candidate communication links based at least in part on the respective duplex mode for the at least one communication link, when the one or more criteria are satisfied for the communication link modification. In certain aspects, selecting the at least one communication link comprises selecting the at least one communication link among the one or more candidate communication links based at least in part on a priority associated with the respective duplex mode for the at least one communication link. In certain aspects, the communication link modification comprises one or more of: a conditional handover (CHO) ; a conditional serving cell addition; a conditional serving cell change; or LTM.
[0143] In certain aspects, method 900 further includes obtaining a configuration that indicates one or more parameters for radio measurement specific to the respective duplex mode for the at least one communication link. The one or more parameters may be for performing or obtaining radio measurements associated with the at least one communication link. The one or more parameters may be specific to the respective duplex mode for the at least one communication link. The configuration may include a measurement resource configuration and / or a measurement reporting configuration. In certain aspects, the one or more parameters comprises one or more of: a reporting interval for communication of a radio measurement report; a set of communication links for radio measurement; or one or more criteria that trigger reporting of the radio measurement report.
[0144] In certain aspects, method 900, or any aspect related to it, may be performed by an apparatus, such as communications device 1100 of FIG. 11, which includes various components operable, configured, or adapted to perform the method 900. Communications device 1100 is described below in further detail.
[0145] Note that FIG. 9 is just one example of a method, and other methods including fewer, additional, or alternative operations are possible consistent with this disclosure.
[0146] FIG. 10 shows a method 1000 for wireless communications by an apparatus, such as BS 102 of FIGS. 1 and 3, or a disaggregated base station as discussed with respect to FIG. 2.
[0147] Method 1000 begins at block 1005 with sending, via a first communication link, an indication of a respective duplex mode for each of one or more second communication links. In certain aspects, the one or more second communication links comprise one or more of: one or more beams; one or more cells; or one or more cell groups. In certain aspects, the respective duplex mode for the at least one communication link comprises one or more of: a subband full-duplex mode; a subband half-duplex mode; or a full-duplex mode.
[0148] Method 1000 then proceeds to block 1010 with communicating with a user equipment via at least one communication link of the one or more second communication links based at least in part on the respective duplex mode for the at least one communication link.
[0149] In certain aspects, block 1005 includes sending, via the first communication link, a configuration for communications via the one or more second communication links, wherein the configuration indicates the respective duplex mode for each of the one or more second communication links.
[0150] In certain aspects, the one or more second communication links comprise one or more candidate communication links for a communication link modification.
[0151] In certain aspects, method 1000 further includes sending a configuration that indicates one or more criteria that trigger the communication link modification. In certain aspects, the configuration indicates the respective duplex mode for each of the one or more second communication links.
[0152] In certain aspects, method 1000 further includes sending a configuration that indicates one or more criteria that trigger a communication link modification among one or more candidate communication links that include the one or more second communication links. In certain aspects, the communication link modification comprises one or more of: a CHO; a conditional serving cell addition; a conditional serving cell change; or LTM.
[0153] In certain aspects, method 1000 further includes sending a configuration that indicates one or more parameters for radio measurement specific to the respective duplex mode for the at least one communication link. In certain aspects, the one or more parameters comprises one or more of: a reporting interval for communication of a radio measurement report; a set of communication links for radio measurement; or one or more criteria that trigger reporting of the radio measurement report.
[0154] In certain aspects, method 1000 further includes sending, to a network entity, a handover request for communications with the user equipment. In certain aspects, method 1000 further includes obtaining, from the network entity, the indication of the respective duplex mode for each of the one or more second communication links. In certain aspects, the handover request includes a priority indicator associated with a duplex mode for the user equipment, such as an RFSP or a subscription profile identifier.
[0155] In certain aspects, method 1000 further includes sending, to a first network entity, a first handover request for communications with the user equipment. In certain aspects, method 1000 further includes sending, to a second network entity, a second handover request for communications with the user equipment. In certain aspects, method 1000 further includes obtaining, from the first network entity, the indication of the respective duplex mode for each of the one or more second communication links. In certain aspects, method 1000 further includes obtaining, from the second network entity, an indication of a respective duplex mode for each of one or more third communication links. In certain aspects, method 1000 further includes selecting the first network entity as a target for a handover for communications with the user equipment based at least in part on the respective duplex mode for each of the one or more second communication links and the respective duplex mode for each of the one or more third communication links.
[0156] In certain aspects, method 1000 further includes sending a handover request that indicates a capability of the user equipment to communicate via a first duplex mode. In certain aspects, method 1000 further includes obtaining a response that indicates the handover request is rejected based on the capability of the user equipment to communicate via the first duplex mode.
[0157] In certain aspects, method 1000, or any aspect related to it, may be performed by an apparatus, such as communications device 1200 of FIG. 12, which includes various components operable, configured, or adapted to perform the method 1000. Communications device 1200 is described below in further detail.
[0158] Note that FIG. 10 is just one example of a method, and other methods including fewer, additional, or alternative operations are possible consistent with this disclosure.
[0159] Example Communications Devices
[0160] FIG. 11 depicts aspects of an example communications device 1100. In some aspects, communications device 1100 is a user equipment, such as UE 104 described above with respect to FIGS. 1 and 3.
[0161] The communications device 1100 includes a processing system 1105 coupled to a transceiver 1155 (e.g., a transmitter and / or a receiver) . The transceiver 1155 is configured to transmit and receive signals for the communications device 1100 via an antenna 1160, such as the various signals as described herein. The processing system 1105 may be configured to perform processing functions for the communications device 1100, including processing signals received and / or to be transmitted by the communications device 1100.
[0162] The processing system 1105 includes one or more processors 1110. In various aspects, the one or more processors 1110 may be representative of one or more of receive processor 358, transmit processor 364, TX MIMO processor 366, and / or controller / processor 380, as described with respect to FIG. 3. The one or more processors 1110 are coupled to a computer-readable medium / memory 1130 via a bus 1150. In certain aspects, the computer-readable medium / memory 1130 is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code) that when executed by the one or more processors 1110, enable and cause the one or more processors 1110 to perform the method 900 described with respect to FIG. 9, or any aspect related to it, including any operations described in relation to FIG. 9. Note that reference to a processor performing a function of communications device 1100 may include one or more processors performing that function of communications device 1100, such as in a distributed fashion.
[0163] In the depicted example, computer-readable medium / memory 1130 stores code for obtaining 1135, code for communicating 1140, and code for selecting 1145. Processing of the code 1135-1145 may enable and cause the communications device 1100 to perform the method 900 described with respect to FIG. 9, or any aspect related to it.
[0164] The one or more processors 1110 include circuitry configured to implement (e.g., execute) the code stored in the computer-readable medium / memory 1130, including circuitry for obtaining 1115, circuitry for communicating 1120, and circuitry for selecting 1125. Processing with circuitry 1115-1125 may enable and cause the communications device 1100 to perform the method 900 described with respect to FIG. 9, or any aspect related to it.
[0165] More generally, means for communicating, transmitting, sending or outputting for transmission may include the transceivers 354, antenna (s) 352, transmit processor 364, TX MIMO processor 366, AI processor 370, and / or controller / processor 380 of the UE 104 illustrated in FIG. 3, transceiver 1155 and / or antenna 1160 of the communications device 1100 in FIG. 11, and / or one or more processors 1110 of the communications device 1100 in FIG. 11. Means for communicating, receiving or obtaining may include the transceivers 354, antenna (s) 352, receive processor 358, AI processor 370, and / or controller / processor 380 of the UE 104 illustrated in FIG. 3, transceiver 1155 and / or antenna 1160 of the communications device 1100 in FIG. 11, and / or one or more processors 1110 of the communications device 1100 in FIG. 11.
[0166] FIG. 12 depicts aspects of an example communications device 1200. In some aspects, communications device 1200 is a network entity, such as BS 102 of FIGS. 1 and 3, or a disaggregated base station as discussed with respect to FIG. 2.
[0167] The communications device 1200 includes a processing system 1205 coupled to a transceiver 1265 (e.g., a transmitter and / or a receiver) and / or a network interface 1275. The transceiver 1265 is configured to transmit and receive signals for the communications device 1200 via an antenna 1270, such as the various signals as described herein. The network interface 1275 is configured to obtain and send signals for the communications device 1200 via communications link (s) , such as a backhaul link, midhaul link, and / or fronthaul link as described herein, such as with respect to FIG. 2. The processing system 1205 may be configured to perform processing functions for the communications device 1200, including processing signals received and / or to be transmitted by the communications device 1200.
[0168] The processing system 1205 includes one or more processors 1210. In various aspects, one or more processors 1210 may be representative of one or more of receive processor 338, transmit processor 320, TX MIMO processor 330, and / or controller / processor 340, as described with respect to FIG. 3. The one or more processors 1210 are coupled to a computer-readable medium / memory 1235 via a bus 1260. In certain aspects, the computer-readable medium / memory 1235 is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code) that when executed by the one or more processors 1210, enable and cause the one or more processors 1210 to perform the method 1000 described with respect to FIG. 10, or any aspect related to it, including any operations described in relation to FIG. 10. Note that reference to a processor of communications device 1200 performing a function may include one or more processors of communications device 1200 performing that function, such as in a distributed fashion.
[0169] In the depicted example, the computer-readable medium / memory 1235 stores code for sending 1240, code for communicating 1245, code for obtaining 1250, and code for selecting 1255. Processing of the code 1240-1255 may enable and cause the communications device 1200 to perform the method 1000 described with respect to FIG. 10, or any aspect related to it.
[0170] The one or more processors 1210 include circuitry configured to implement (e.g., execute) the code stored in the computer-readable medium / memory 1235, including circuitry for sending 1215, circuitry for communicating 1220, circuitry for obtaining 1225, and circuitry for selecting 1230. Processing with circuitry 1215-1230 may enable and cause the communications device 1200 to perform the method 1000 described with respect to FIG. 10, or any aspect related to it.
[0171] More generally, means for communicating, transmitting, sending or outputting for transmission may include the transceivers 332, antenna (s) 334, transmit processor 320, TX MIMO processor 330, AI processor 318, and / or controller / processor 340 of the BS 102 illustrated in FIG. 3, transceiver 1265, antenna 1270, and / or network interface 1275 of the communications device 1200 in FIG. 12, and / or one or more processors 1210 of the communications device 1200 in FIG. 12. Means for communicating, receiving or obtaining may include the transceivers 332, antenna (s) 334, receive processor 338, AI processor 318, and / or controller / processor 340 of the BS 102 illustrated in FIG. 3, transceiver 1265, antenna 1270, and / or network interface 1275 of the communications device 1200 in FIG. 12, and / or one or more processors 1210 of the communications device 1200 in FIG. 12.
[0172] Example Clauses
[0173] Implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses:
[0174] Clause 1: A method for wireless communications by an apparatus comprising: obtaining, via a first communication link, an indication of a respective duplex mode for each of one or more second communication links; and communicating with a network entity via at least one communication link of the one or more second communication links based at least in part on the respective duplex mode for the at least one communication link.
[0175] Clause 2: The method of Clause 1, wherein communicating with the network entity comprises switching from communicating via the first communication link to the at least one communication link.
[0176] Clause 3: The method of any one of Clauses 1-2, wherein the respective duplex mode for the at least one communication link comprises one or more of: a subband full-duplex mode; a subband half-duplex mode; or a full-duplex mode.
[0177] Clause 4: The method of any one of Clauses 1-3, wherein the one or more second communication links comprise one or more of: one or more beams; one or more cells; or one or more cell groups.
[0178] Clause 5: The method of any one of Clauses 1-4, wherein obtaining the indication comprises obtaining, via the first communication link, a configuration for communications via the one or more second communication links, wherein the configuration indicates the respective duplex mode for each of the one or more second communication links.
[0179] Clause 6: The method of any one of Clauses 1-5, wherein the one or more second communication links comprise one or more candidate communication links for a communication link modification.
[0180] Clause 7: The method of Clause 6, further comprising obtaining a configuration that indicates one or more criteria that trigger the communication link modification.
[0181] Clause 8: The method of Clause 7, wherein the configuration indicates the respective duplex mode for each of the one or more second communication links.
[0182] Clause 9: The method of any one of Clauses 1-8, further comprising: obtaining a configuration that indicates one or more criteria that trigger a communication link modification among one or more candidate communication links that include the one or more second communication links; and selecting the at least one communication link among the one or more candidate communication links based at least in part on the respective duplex mode for the at least one communication link, when the one or more criteria are satisfied for the communication link modification.
[0183] Clause 10: The method of Clause 9, wherein selecting the at least one communication link comprises selecting the at least one communication link among the one or more candidate communication links based at least in part on a priority associated with the respective duplex mode for the at least one communication link.
[0184] Clause 11: The method of Clause 9 or 10, wherein the communication link modification comprises one or more of: a CHO; a conditional serving cell addition; a conditional serving cell change; or LTM.
[0185] Clause 12: The method of any one of Clauses 1-11, further comprising obtaining a configuration that indicates one or more parameters for radio measurement specific to the respective duplex mode for the at least one communication link.
[0186] Clause 13: The method of Clause 12, wherein the one or more parameters comprises one or more of: a reporting interval for communication of a radio measurement report; a set of communication links for radio measurement; or one or more criteria that trigger reporting of the radio measurement report.
[0187] Clause 14: A method for wireless communications by an apparatus comprising: sending, via a first communication link, an indication of a respective duplex mode for each of one or more second communication links; and communicating with a user equipment via at least one communication link of the one or more second communication links based at least in part on the respective duplex mode for the at least one communication link.
[0188] Clause 15: The method of Clause 14, wherein the respective duplex mode for the at least one communication link comprises one or more of: a subband full-duplex mode; a subband half-duplex mode; or a full-duplex mode.
[0189] Clause 16: The method of any one of Clauses 14-15, wherein the one or more second communication links comprise one or more of: one or more beams; one or more cells; or one or more cell groups.
[0190] Clause 17: The method of any one of Clauses 14-16, wherein sending the indication comprises sending, via the first communication link, a configuration for communications via the one or more second communication links, wherein the configuration indicates the respective duplex mode for each of the one or more second communication links.
[0191] Clause 18: The method of any one of Clauses 14-17, wherein the one or more second communication links comprise one or more candidate communication links for a communication link modification.
[0192] Clause 19: The method of Clause 18, further comprising sending a configuration that indicates one or more criteria that trigger the communication link modification.
[0193] Clause 20: The method of Clause 19, wherein the configuration indicates the respective duplex mode for each of the one or more second communication links.
[0194] Clause 21: The method of any one of Clauses 14-20, further comprising sending a configuration that indicates one or more criteria that trigger a communication link modification among one or more candidate communication links that include the one or more second communication links.
[0195] Clause 22: The method of Clause 21, wherein the communication link modification comprises one or more of: a CHO; a conditional serving cell addition; a conditional serving cell change; or LTM.
[0196] Clause 23: The method of any one of Clauses 14-22, further comprising sending a configuration that indicates one or more parameters for radio measurement specific to the respective duplex mode for the at least one communication link.
[0197] Clause 24: The method of Clause 23, wherein the one or more parameters comprises one or more of: a reporting interval for communication of a radio measurement report; a set of communication links for radio measurement; or one or more criteria that trigger reporting of the radio measurement report.
[0198] Clause 25: The method of any one of Clauses 14-24, further comprising: sending, to a network entity, a handover request for communications with the user equipment; and obtaining, from the network entity, the indication of the respective duplex mode for each of the one or more second communication links.
[0199] Clause 26: The method of Clause 25, wherein the handover request includes a priority indicator associated with a duplex mode for the user equipment.
[0200] Clause 27: The method of any one of Clauses 14-26, further comprising: sending, to a first network entity, a first handover request for communications with the user equipment; sending, to a second network entity, a second handover request for communications with the user equipment; obtaining, from the first network entity, the indication of the respective duplex mode for each of the one or more second communication links; obtaining, from the second network entity, an indication of a respective duplex mode for each of one or more third communication links; and selecting the first network entity as a target for a handover for communications with the user equipment based at least in part on the respective duplex mode for each of the one or more second communication links and the respective duplex mode for each of the one or more third communication links.
[0201] Clause 28: The method of any one of Clauses 14-27, further comprising: sending a handover request that indicates a capability of the user equipment to communicate via a first duplex mode; and obtaining a response that indicates the handover request is rejected based on the capability of the user equipment to communicate via the first duplex mode.
[0202] Clause 29: One or more apparatuses, comprising: one or more memories comprising executable instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the executable instructions and cause the one or more apparatuses to perform a method in accordance with any one of Clauses 1-28.
[0203] Clause 30: One or more apparatuses, comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, configured to cause the one or more apparatuses to perform a method in accordance with any one of Clauses 1-28.
[0204] Clause 31: One or more apparatuses, comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, configured to perform a method in accordance with any one of Clauses 1-28.
[0205] Clause 32: One or more apparatuses, comprising means for performing a method in accordance with any one of Clauses 1-28.
[0206] Clause 33: One or more non-transitory computer-readable media comprising executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of one or more apparatuses, cause the one or more apparatuses to perform a method in accordance with any one of Clauses 1-28.
[0207] Clause 34: One or more computer program products embodied on one or more computer-readable storage media comprising code for performing a method in accordance with any one of Clauses 1-28.
[0208] Additional Considerations
[0209] The preceding description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. The examples discussed herein are not limiting of the scope, applicability, or aspects set forth in the claims. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. For example, changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements discussed without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Various examples may omit, substitute, or add various procedures or components as appropriate. For instance, the methods described may be performed in an order different from that described, and various actions may be added, omitted, or combined. Also, features described with respect to some examples may be combined in some other examples. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover such an apparatus or method that is practiced using other structure, functionality, or structure and functionality in addition to, or other than, the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.
[0210] The various illustrative logical blocks, modules and circuits described in connection with the present disclosure may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, an AI processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an ASIC, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device (PLD) , discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any commercially available processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, a system on a chip (SoC) , or any other such configuration.
[0211] As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, and a-b-c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (e.g., a-a, a-a-a, a-a-b, a-a-c, a-b-b, a-c-c, b-b, b-b-b, b-b-c, c-c, and c-c-c or any other ordering of a, b, and c) .
[0212] As used herein, the term “determining” encompasses a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (e.g., looking up in a table, a database or another data structure) , ascertaining and the like. Also, “determining” may include receiving (e.g., receiving information) , accessing (e.g., accessing data in a memory) and the like. Also, “determining” may include resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing and the like.
[0213] As used herein, “coupled to” and “coupled with” generally encompass direct coupling and indirect coupling (e.g., including intermediary coupled aspects) unless stated otherwise. For example, stating that a processor is coupled to a memory allows for a direct coupling or a coupling via an intermediary aspect, such as a bus.
[0214] The methods disclosed herein comprise one or more actions for achieving the methods. The method actions may be interchanged with one another without departing from the scope of the claims. In other words, unless a specific order of actions is specified, the order and / or use of specific actions may be modified without departing from the scope of the claims. Further, the various operations of methods described above may be performed by any suitable means capable of performing the corresponding functions. The means may include various hardware and / or software component (s) and / or module (s) , including, but not limited to a circuit, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , or processor.
[0215] The following claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but are to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language of the claims. Reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean only one unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more. ” The subsequent use of a definite article (e.g., “the” or “said” ) with an element (e.g., “the processor” ) is not intended to invoke a singular meaning (e.g., “only one” ) on the element unless otherwise specifically stated. For example, reference to an element (e.g., “a processor, ” “a controller, ” “a memory, ” “a transceiver, ” “an antenna, ” “the processor, ” “the controller, ” “the memory, ” “the transceiver, ” “the antenna, ” etc. ) , unless otherwise specifically stated, should be understood to refer to one or more elements (e.g., “one or more processors, ” “one or more controllers, ” “one or more memories, ” “one more transceivers, ” etc. ) . The terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more elements, and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Where reference is made to one or more elements performing functions (e.g., steps of a method) , one element may perform all functions, or more than one element may collectively perform the functions. When more than one element collectively performs the functions, each function need not be performed by each of those elements (e.g., different functions may be performed by different elements) and / or each function need not be performed in whole by only one element (e.g., different elements may perform different sub-functions of a function) . Similarly, where reference is made to one or more elements configured to cause another element (e.g., an apparatus) to perform functions, one element may be configured to cause the other element to perform all functions, or more than one element may collectively be configured to cause the other element to perform the functions. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims.
Claims
1.An apparatus configured for wireless communications, comprising:one or more memories; andone or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors being configured to cause the apparatus to:obtain, via a first communication link, an indication of a respective duplex mode for each of one or more second communication links; andcommunicate with a network entity via at least one communication link of the one or more second communication links based at least in part on the respective duplex mode for the at least one communication link.2.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein to communicate with the network entity, the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to switch from communicating via the first communication link to the at least one communication link.3.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein to obtain the indication, the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to obtain, via the first communication link, a configuration for communications via the one or more second communication links, wherein the configuration indicates the respective duplex mode for each of the one or more second communication links.4.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more second communication links comprise one or more candidate communication links for a communication link modification.5.The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to obtain a configuration that indicates one or more criteria that trigger the communication link modification.6.The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the configuration indicates the respective duplex mode for each of the one or more second communication links.7.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to:obtain a configuration that indicates one or more criteria that trigger a communication link modification among one or more candidate communication links that include the one or more second communication links; andselect the at least one communication link among the one or more candidate communication links based at least in part on the respective duplex mode for the at least one communication link, when the one or more criteria are satisfied for the communication link modification.8.The apparatus of claim 7, wherein to select the at least one communication link, the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to select the at least one communication link among the one or more candidate communication links based at least in part on a priority associated with the respective duplex mode for the at least one communication link.9.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to obtain a configuration that indicates one or more parameters for radio measurement specific to the respective duplex mode for the at least one communication link.10.The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the one or more parameters comprises one or more of:a reporting interval for communication of a radio measurement report;a set of communication links for radio measurement; orone or more criteria that trigger reporting of the radio measurement report.11.An apparatus configured for wireless communications, comprising:one or more memories; andone or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors being configured to cause the apparatus to:send, via a first communication link, an indication of a respective duplex mode for each of one or more second communication links; andcommunicate with a user equipment via at least one communication link of the one or more second communication links based at least in part on the respective duplex mode for the at least one communication link.12.The apparatus of claim 11, wherein to send the indication, the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to send, via the first communication link, a configuration for communications via the one or more second communication links, wherein the configuration indicates the respective duplex mode for each of the one or more second communication links.13.The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the one or more second communication links comprise one or more candidate communication links for a communication link modification.14.The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to send a configuration that indicates one or more criteria that trigger the communication link modification.15.The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the configuration indicates the respective duplex mode for each of the one or more second communication links.16.The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to send a configuration that indicates one or more criteria that trigger a communication link modification among one or more candidate communication links that include the one or more second communication links.17.The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to:send, to a network entity, a handover request for communications with the user equipment; andobtain, from the network entity, the indication of the respective duplex mode for each of the one or more second communication links.18.The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to:send, to a first network entity, a first handover request for communications with the user equipment;send, to a second network entity, a second handover request for communications with the user equipment;obtain, from the first network entity, the indication of the respective duplex mode for each of the one or more second communication links;obtain, from the second network entity, an indication of a respective duplex mode for each of one or more third communication links; andselect the first network entity as a target for a handover for communications with the user equipment based at least in part on the respective duplex mode for each of the one or more second communication links and the respective duplex mode for each of the one or more third communication links.19.The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to:send a handover request that indicates a capability of the user equipment to communicate via a first duplex mode; andobtain a response that indicates the handover request is rejected based on the capability of the user equipment to communicate via the first duplex mode.20.A method of wireless communications by an apparatus, comprising:obtaining, via a first communication link, an indication of a respective duplex mode for each of one or more second communication links; andcommunicating with a network entity via at least one communication link of the one or more second communication links based at least in part on the respective duplex mode for the at least one communication link.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Sub-bandwidth portion configuration for half-duplex and full-duplex communications
CN116918291A
Duplex Mode Indication, Switching, and Coordination for Sidelink Communication
US20230318797A1
A method, system and devices for enabling a network node to perform a radio operation task in a telecommunication network
WO2017167358A1