TDD operations
By exchanging TDD resource configurations to determine timing information based on propagation delay, NTN systems can efficiently support TDD operations, reducing power consumption and complexity, and extending satellite lifespan.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/140995
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-20
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-16
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems in non-terrestrial networks (NTN) primarily operate in Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) mode, but there is a need to support Time Division Duplexing (TDD) mode to optimize satellite deployment and reduce power consumption and complexity, while ensuring efficient resource scheduling and synchronization.
User equipment and base stations exchange TDD resource configurations to determine timing information for DL and UL resources based on propagation delay, allowing for efficient TDD operations by adjusting guard periods and determining resource overlap or availability.
Enables efficient TDD operations in NTN, reducing power consumption and complexity, and extending satellite lifespan by optimizing resource utilization and synchronization.
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Figure CN2024140995_16102025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
TDD OPERATIONSTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to a user equipment (UE) , a base station (BS) , methods, apparatuses, processors, and computer readable medium for time division duplexing (TDD) operations in a long-delay communication.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations, which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication devices, such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .
[0003] Non-terrestrial network (NTN) refers to a network, or segment of networks using radio frequency resources on board a satellite. The satellite in NTN can be a Geostationary Earth Orbiting (GEO) satellite with fixed location to the Earth, or a Low Earth Orbiting (LEO) satellite orbiting around the Earth. NTN essential functions are supported in the third generation partnership project (3GPP) release 17 (R17) , and further enhancements are studied in R18 and R19 to improve NTN performance. NTN has been assumed to operate in Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) mode due to satellite deployment and research simplicity. However, details about operations in TDD mode should also be studied.SUMMARY
[0004] The present disclosure relates to a user equipment, a base station, methods, apparatuses, processors, and computer readable medium for TDD operations. According to the proposed solution, the operations in TDD mode can be supported in NTN.
[0005] In some implementations, there is provided a user equipment. The user equipment comprises at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the user equipment to: receive, from a base station, a TDD resource configuration indicating a TDD resource pattern; and determine timing information associated with at least one of a downlink (DL) resource or an uplink (UL) resource at the user equipment based on the TDD resource configuration and a propagation delay between the user equipment and the base station.
[0006] In some implementations, there is provided a base station. The base station comprises at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the base station to: transmit, to a user equipment, a TDD resource configuration indicating a TDD resource pattern; and receive, from the user equipment, an uplink report which is related to timing information associated with at least one of a DL resource or a UL resource at the user equipment.
[0007] In some implementations, there is provided a method performed by the user equipment. The method comprises: receiving, from a base station, a TDD resource configuration indicating a TDD resource pattern; and determining timing information associated with at least one of a DL resource or a UL resource at the user equipment based on the TDD resource configuration and a propagation delay between the user equipment and the base station.
[0008] In some implementations, there is provided a method performed by the base station. The method comprises: transmitting, to a user equipment, a TDD resource configuration indicating a TDD resource pattern; and receiving, from the user equipment, an uplink report which is related to timing information associated with at least one of a DL resource or a UL resource at the user equipment.
[0009] In some implementations, there is provided a processor for wireless communication. The processor comprises at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: receive, from a base station, a TDD resource configuration indicating a TDD resource pattern; and determine timing information associated with at least one of a DL resource or a UL resource at the user equipment based on the TDD resource configuration and a propagation delay between the user equipment and the base station.
[0010] In some implementations, there is provided a processor for wireless communication. The processor comprises at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: transmit, to a user equipment, a TDD resource configuration indicating a TDD resource pattern; and receive, from the user equipment, an uplink report which is related to timing information associated with at least one of a DL resource or a UL resource at the user equipment.
[0011] In some implementations of the methods, the user equipment described herein, further comprising: determining timing information of a DL opportunity at the user equipment being timing information of a DL opportunity at the base station plus a half of a round trip time (RTT) between the user equipment and the base station or a half of timing advance (TA) applied at the user equipment; and determining timing information of a UL opportunity at the user equipment being timing information of a UL opportunity at the base station minus the half of the RTT or the half of the TA applied at the user equipment.
[0012] In some implementations of the methods, the user equipment described herein, further comprising: determining a first length of a first guard period between a DL opportunity and a UL opportunity at the user equipment being a length of a guard period between the DL opportunity and the UL opportunity at the base station minus an RTT between the user equipment and the base station or a TA applied at the user equipment; and determining a second length of a second guard period between the UL opportunity and the DL opportunity at the user equipment being a length of a guard period between the UL opportunity and the DL opportunity at the base station plus the RTT or the TA applied at the user equipment.
[0013] In some implementations of the methods, the user equipment described herein, further comprising: determining that a DL opportunity and a UL opportunity at the user equipment overlap in at least one subframe; and determining that the at least one subframe is one of at least one DL subframe, at least one UL subframe, or at least one inactive subframe based on one of: a predefined rule, an indication from the base station, or a need at the user equipment.
[0014] In some implementations of the methods, the user equipment described herein, further comprising: transmitting, to the base station, assistance information comprising at least one of: first information for deriving RTT between the user equipment and the base station, or second information about timing of a TDD resource pattern at the user equipment.
[0015] In some implementations of the methods, the user equipment described herein, further comprising: determining timing information of a corresponding system information block (SIB) acquisition based on timing information associated with at least one of a DL resource or a UL resource at the user equipment.
[0016] In some implementations of the methods, the user equipment described herein, further comprising: determining that a duration for the corresponding SIB acquisition comprises at least one DL opportunity at the user equipment before ephemeris expiration, where the user equipment is in an idle or inactive state.
[0017] In some implementations of the methods, the user equipment described herein, further comprising: determining a start time for the corresponding SIB acquisition before a validity duration of ephemeris expired, wherein a time length from the start time to a time when the validity duration of ephemeris expired is larger than a length of a DL opportunity at the user equipment, where the user equipment is in a connected state.
[0018] In some implementations of the methods, the user equipment described herein, further comprising: setting an end of a validity duration of ephemeris to a start of a DL opportunity; and starting the corresponding SIB acquisition based on the validity duration of ephemeris, where the user equipment is in a connected state.
[0019] In some implementations of the methods, the user equipment described herein, further comprising one of: setting an end of a timer for ephemeris acquisition to be within a DL opportunity; starting or restarting the timer for ephemeris acquisition at a start of a DL opportunity; triggering a radio link failure after at least one DL opportunity from a failed SIB acquisition; or determining a dedicated timer for the corresponding SIB acquisition, where the user equipment is in a connected state.
[0020] In some implementations of the methods, the user equipment described herein, further comprising: determining a length or a start time of a random access response (RAR) window based on: an end of a last preamble repetition, an RTT between the user equipment and the base station, and an additional offset.
[0021] In some implementations of the methods, the user equipment described herein, further comprising: determining a length or a start time of a contention resolution timer based on: a first symbol after an end of a message 3 (Msg3) repetition, an RTT between the user equipment and the base station, and an additional offset.
[0022] In some implementations of the methods, the user equipment described herein, further comprising: in accordance with a determination that a report is triggered in an inactive subframe, performing one of the following: determining first reported information at a time when the report is triggered; determining second reported information at a start time of a next UL opportunity; determining a change from the first reported information to the second reported information; or determining estimated reported information at the start time of the next UL opportunity.
[0023] In some implementations of the methods, the user equipment described herein, further comprising: transmitting, to the base station, the report of timing advance (TA) , propagation delay difference (PDD) , or global navigation satellite system (GNSS) validity duration, wherein the report comprises at least one of: the first reported information, the second reported information, the change, or the estimated reported information.
[0024] In some implementations of the methods, the user equipment described herein, the DL opportunity at the user equipment comprises one or more flexible subframes which are treated as one or more DL subframes.
[0025] In some implementations of the methods, the user equipment described herein, the UL opportunity at the user equipment comprises one or more flexible subframes which are treated as one or more UL subframes.
[0026] In some implementations of the methods, the user equipment described herein, a transmission of the assistance information is triggered by at least one of: a determination that a communication between the user equipment and the base station is in a TDD mode, receiving, from the base station, a request for the assistance information, a time duration being passed since a transmission of previous assistance information, a detection of an overlap between a DL opportunity and a UL opportunity at the user equipment, the previous assistance information being invalid, or a change from the previous assistance information being larger than a threshold.
[0027] In some implementations of the methods, the user equipment described herein, the additional offset is determined based on one of: an indication of a guard period between a UL opportunity and a DL opportunity at the base station, the TDD resource configuration, or a period between a Msg1 reception at the base station and a start of a next DL opportunity at the base station.
[0028] In some implementations of the methods, the user equipment, and the base station described herein, the uplink report comprises assistance information, or comprises a report of TA, PDD, or GNSS validity duration.
[0029] In some implementations of the methods, the user equipment, and the base station described herein, the second information indicates at least one of: an overlap between a DL opportunity and a UL opportunity at the user equipment, a handling solution for at least one overlapped subframe, a gap between a DL opportunity and a UL opportunity being longer than a first length, a gap between a DL opportunity and a UL opportunity being shorter than the first length, a gap between a UL opportunity and a DL opportunity being longer than a second length, or a gap between a UL opportunity and a DL opportunity being shorter than the second length.
[0030] In some implementations of the methods, the user equipment, and the base station described herein, the report of TA, PDD, or GNSS validity duration comprises at least one of: first reported information at a time when the report is triggered; second reported information at a start time of a next UL opportunity; a change from the first reported information to the second reported information; or estimated reported information at the start time of the next UL opportunity.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0031] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0032] FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication network in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0033] FIG. 3 illustrates a signalling chart illustrating communication process in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0034] FIG. 4A illustrates an example of timing information in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0035] FIGS. 4B-4D illustrate some examples for SIB acquisition;
[0036] FIG. 4E illustrates an example of a RAR window in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0037] FIG. 5 illustrates a signalling chart illustrating communication process in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0038] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a device that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0039] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a processor that is suitable for implementing some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0040] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of an example method implemented at a user equipment in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; and
[0041] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of an example method implemented at a base station in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0042] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0043] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below. In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0044] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0045] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms. In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatuses are referred to as “best, ” “lowest, ” “highest, ” “minimum, ” “maximum, ” or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0046] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a, ” “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises, ” “comprising, ” “has, ” “having, ” “includes” and / or “including, ” when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, components and / or the like, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof. For example, the term “includes” and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean “includes, but is not limited to. ” The term “based on” is to be read as “based at least in part on. ” The term “one embodiment” and “an embodiment” are to be read as “at least one embodiment. ” The term “another embodiment” is to be read as “at least one other embodiment. ” The use of an expression such as “A and / or B” can mean either “only A” or “only B” or “both A and B. ” Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0047] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities 102 (also referred to as network equipment (NE) ) , one or more UEs 104, a core network (CN) 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as a long term evolution (LTE) network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as a new radio (NR) network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0048] The one or more network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a radio access network (RAN) , a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
[0049] A network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, message, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0050] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100.
[0051] The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in FIG. 1. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the CN 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in FIG. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100.
[0052] A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink (SL) . For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0053] A network entity 102 may support communications with the CN 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the CN 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N3, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the CN 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) . In some implementations, the network entity 102 may be a satellite 102a, there may be full or part of eNB / gNB on board. A communication link 110 between the satellite 102a and the UE 104, a communication link 110 between the satellite 102a and a BS 102, and a communication link 116 between the BS 102 and the CN 106 may be used for the NTN transparent mode. A communication link 110 between the satellite 102a and the UE 104, and a communication link 116 between the satellite 102a (with BS on board) and the CN 106 may be used for the NTN regenerative mode.
[0054] In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.
[0055] An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0056] Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU.
[0057] Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .
[0058] A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-C, F1-U) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0059] The CN 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The CN 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the CN 106. As illustrated, some CN functions in the CN 106 may be deployed on a satellite 102b, for example, one or multiple CN functions may be on board. For example, the CN 106 with some CN functions on board may be referred to as a satellite-based core network.
[0060] The CN 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N3, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the CN 106 via a network entity 102. The CN 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the CN 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the CN 106) .
[0061] In the wireless communications system 100, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0062] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0063] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0064] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0065] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0066] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0067] As mentioned above, NTN has been assumed to operate in FDD mode due to satellite deployment and research simplicity, until a RAN work item (WI) was approved to support TDD mode operation in internet of things (IoT) NTN for narrow-band IoT (NB-IoT) UEs. The TDD operations, which allows the operator to use the radio resources in a periodic subset of the UL and DL subframes in N radio frames, can limit the power consumption and decrease the complexity of satellite payloads, and extend satellite lifespans and lower operational costs. It also allows extending 3GPP NTN operation support to many existing in-orbit satellites. This work item includes the following objectives: Study the impact due to the periodic pattern, at least on UE downlink synchronization and other aspects (if identified) [RAN1, RAN4] Specify a new NB-IoT TDD NTN mode based on minimum necessary changes to the NB-IoT NTN FDD frame structure and procedures, based on the outcome of the study, including: Definition, configuration (if needed) and signaling (if needed) of the periodic pattern including confirming the value of N, and associated UE procedures [RAN1, RAN2] Other necessary impacts on higher layers [RAN2] RRM and RF core requirements [RAN4] Specify a new NB-IoT TDD operating NTN band for the MSS allocation spanning 1616- 1626.5 MHz for DL and UL, based on the outcome of the study, to be used as example band for this WI [RAN4] .
[0068] There have been some discussions on simulation / evaluation settings, some potential issues are identified and candidate frame structure designs are proposed. However, details on TDD operations are still needed to be studied.
[0069] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for TDD operations. The user equipment receives a TDD resource configuration from the base station and the TDD resource configuration may indicate a TDD pattern. The user equipment may further determine timing information associated with at least one of DL resource or UL resource based on the TDD resource configuration and a propagation delay between the user equipment and the base station. Principles and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0070] In the present disclosure, terms “DL opportunity” and “UL opportunity” are used, which may include a plurality of continuous subframes for DL and UL respectively. In some examples, a DL opportunity may be referred to as a DL active time opportunity or a DL TDD resource, and may include a set of continuous x DL subframes. In some examples, a UL opportunity may be referred to as a UL active time opportunity or a UL TDD resource, and may include a set of continuous y UL subframes. In some examples, the values of x and y may be the same or may be different, the present disclosure does not limit for this aspect.
[0071] In the present disclosure, a term “TDD resource pattern” is used for indicating timing information of DL and UL opportunities. In some examples, a TDD resource pattern may be used interchangeably with one of the following: a TDD periodic pattern, a TDD pattern, a TDD DL-UL pattern, or the like, the present disclosure does not limit for this aspect.
[0072] For ease of description, embodiments of the present disclosure are provided with referent to NTN, however, some other scenarios are also applied, e.g., a scenario in which a propagation delay between the user equipment and the base station being larger than a threshold (such as 1 ms or another value) .
[0073] FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication network 200 in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. The example communication network 200 includes a user equipment 210 and a base station 220. For examples, the base station 220 may be a gNB or an eNB.
[0074] As illustrated, the user equipment 210 can communicate with the base station 220. In some examples, the base station 220 may be deployed or embarked in a satellite 201. For example, the base station 220 may be a BS on-board. With reference to FIG. 1, the user equipment 210 may be the UE 104, and the base station 220 may be a network entity 102, such as the satellite 102a.
[0075] It is to be understood that the number of functions and entities and devices in FIG. 2 is given for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitations to the present disclosure. For example, the user equipment 210 may be a stationary device or may be a moving device.
[0076] FIG. 3 illustrates a signalling chart illustrating communication process 300 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 300 may involve the user equipment 210 and the base station 220 as shown in FIG. 2. It is to be understood that the process 300 may also be applied to another scenario different from that shown in FIG. 2, the present disclosure does not limit this aspect.
[0077] In the process 300, the base station 220 transmits, and the user equipment 210 receives, a TDD resource configuration at 310. In some implementations, the TDD resource configuration may indicate a TDD resource pattern. In some example embodiments, the base station 220 may determine a TDD pattern at the base station 220, and transmits the TDD resource configuration which indicates the TDD pattern. For example, from network perspective, the TDD pattern shall guarantee workable and efficient DL / UL resource scheduling.
[0078] In some embodiments, the TDD pattern may be a periodic pattern, e.g., a periodicity may be indicated. In some examples, the TDD pattern may define DL and UL resources within a period.
[0079] FIG. 4A illustrates an example 410 of timing information. In some examples, the TDD pattern may indicate or may be associated with some parameters and / or value ranges. For example, the parameters may include a periodicity (e.g., DL-UL-TransmissionPeriodicity in FIG. 4A) , DL and UL resources (e.g., offset, nrOfDownlinkSubframes, nrOfUplinkSubframes in FIG. 4A) and a guard period for DL / UL switch (e.g., DownlinkToUplinkGuardPeriod in FIG. 4A) .
[0080] In some examples, the periodicity (DL-UL-TransmissionPeriodicity) may be represented as N frames, which may indicate a periodicity of the DL-UL pattern. The periodicity may be provided in number of radio frames. For instance, N=9, and the periodicity is 9 frames or 90 ms.
[0081] In some examples, a number of downlink subframes (nrOfDownlinkSubframes) may be a number of consecutive or contiguous DL subframes (i.e., a DL opportunity) , e.g., at the beginning of each DL-UL pattern. As illustrated in FIG. 4A, there are 8 DL subframes in a period.
[0082] In some examples, a number of uplink subframes (nrOfUpinkSubframes) may be a number of consecutive or contiguous UL subframes (i.e., a UL opportunity) . As illustrated in FIG. 4A, there are 8 UL subframes in a period.
[0083] In some examples, an offset may indicate a start of the DL opportunity, or a start of the TDD pattern period.
[0084] It should be noted although some examples of TDD pattern are provided with reference to FIG. 4A, the present disclosure does not limit for this aspect. For example, some other parameters and / or values can be used for indicate the TDD pattern.
[0085] In the process 300, the user equipment 210 determines timing information associated with at least one of a DL resource or a UL resource at the user equipment 210 at 320, e.g., based on the TDD resource configuration and a propagation delay between the user equipment 210 and the base station 220.
[0086] It is understood that the time resources for DL and UL opportunities at the base station 220 and the user equipment 210 are different due to large propagation delay. For example, from UE perspective, the impact of non-D and non-U subframes on UE reception and transmission shall be considered.
[0087] In some implementations, the propagation delay between the user equipment 210 and the base station 220 may include an RTT between the user equipment 210 and the base station 220. For ease of description, the RTT between the user equipment 210 and the base station 220 may be referred to as a UE-eNB / gNB RTT, or RTT for brevity. In some implementations, the propagation delay between the user equipment 210 and the base station 220 may include a single trip time (STT) between the user equipment 210 and the base station 220. In some examples, the STT between the user equipment 210 and the base station 220 may be a half of the RTT, e.g., half RTT. In some examples, the RTT (or STT) may be updated, e.g., upon the satellite switch with re-sync in NTN, upon ephemeris information update, or upon resume from uplink synchronization lost.
[0088] In some implementations, the propagation delay between the user equipment 210 and the base station 220 may include a TA applied at the user equipment 210 or a half of the TA applied at the user equipment. For example, part of propagation delay has been pre-compensated by the base station 220. In some examples, the TA applied at the user equipment 210 may be updated, e.g., upon the satellite switch with re-sync in NTN, upon ephemeris information update, or upon resume from uplink synchronization lost.
[0089] In some implementations, the timing information associated with at least one of a DL resource or a UL resource at the user equipment 210 include one or more of the following: timing information of a DL opportunity, timing information of a UL opportunity, a guard period from a DL opportunity to an adjacent UL opportunity, or a guard period from a UL opportunity to an adjacent DL opportunity.
[0090] In some example embodiments, the user equipment 210 may determine timing information of a DL opportunity at the user equipment 210. In some examples, the timing information of a DL opportunity at the user equipment 210 may be determined based on timing information of a DL opportunity at the base station 220 and a RTT (or TA applied at the user equipment 210) . For example, timing of the DL opportunity at the user equipment 210 may be timing of a DL opportunity at the base station 220 plus a half of RTT (or STT) . For example, timing of the DL opportunity at the user equipment 210 may be timing of a DL opportunity at the base station 220 plus a half of TA applied at the user equipment 210. With reference to FIG. 4A, a time resource of the DL opportunity 412 at the user equipment 210 may be determined. For example, the DL opportunity (DL subframes) is offset late by a half of RTT or a half of TA applied at the user equipment 210.
[0091] In some example embodiments, the user equipment 210 may determine timing information of a UL opportunity at the user equipment 210. In some examples, the timing information of a UL opportunity at the user equipment 210 may be determined based on timing information of a UL opportunity at the base station 220 and a RTT (or TA applied at the user equipment 210) . For example, timing of the UL opportunity at the user equipment 210 may be timing of a UL opportunity at the base station 220 minus a half of RTT (or STT) . For example, timing of the UL opportunity at the user equipment 210 may be timing of a UL opportunity at the base station 220 plus a half of TA applied at the user equipment 210. With reference to FIG. 4A, a time resource of the UL opportunity 414 at the user equipment 210 may be determined. For example, the UL opportunity (UL subframes) is offset early by a half of RTT or a half of TA applied at the user equipment 210.
[0092] In some example embodiments, there may be one or more flexible subframes configured in the TDD resource configuration. In some example embodiments, the user equipment 210 may determine timing information of the one or more flexible subframes, e.g., based on the TDD resource configuration and a RTT (or TA applied at the user equipment 210) .
[0093] In some examples, for a flexible subframe which is treated as a DL subframe, the user equipment 210 may determine timing information of the flexible subframe at the user equipment 210 as timing information of the flexible subframe plus a half of RTT (i.e. STT) or a half of TA applied at the user equipment 210.
[0094] In some examples, for a flexible subframe which is treated as a UL subframe, the user equipment 210 may determine timing information of the flexible subframe at the user equipment 210 as timing information of the flexible subframe minus a half of RTT (i.e. STT) or a half of TA applied at the user equipment 210.
[0095] In some embodiments, there are multiple subframes between a DL opportunity and a UL opportunity, or between a UL opportunity and a DL opportunity. The multiple subframes may be regarded as non-downlink (non-D) subframes, non-uplink (non-U) subframes, or inactive subframes.
[0096] In some examples, the user equipment 210 may determine a first length of a first guard period between a DL opportunity and a UL opportunity at the user equipment 210, which may be a length of a guard period between a DL opportunity and a UL opportunity at the base station 220 (e.g., DownlinkToUplinkGuardPeriod as illustrated in FIG. 4A) minus the RTT (or a TA applied at the user equipment 210) . For example, a length of a guard period between a DL opportunity and a UL opportunity at the base station 220 may be reduced by a UE-eNB / gNB RTT.
[0097] In some examples, the user equipment 210 may determine a second length of a second guard period between a UL opportunity and a DL opportunity at the user equipment 210, which may be a length of a guard period between a UL opportunity and a DL opportunity at the base station 220 plus the RTT (or a TA applied at the user equipment 210) . For example, a length of a guard period between a UL opportunity and a DL opportunity at the base station 220 may be extended by a UE-eNB / gNB RTT.
[0098] In addition or alternatively, the user equipment 210 may determine whether there is a collision between a DL opportunity and a UL opportunity. In some example embodiments, an actual gap between a DL opportunity and a UL opportunity at the user equipment 210 may be determined based on timing information of the DL opportunity and timing information of the UL opportunity. In some example embodiments, the user equipment 210 may determine that there is a collision based on an end subframe of a DL opportunity and a start subframe of a UL opportunity. In some example embodiments, the user equipment 210 may determine that there is a collision based on a determination that the first length of a first guard period between a DL opportunity and a UL opportunity at the user equipment 210 is less than 0.
[0099] In some example embodiments, the user equipment 210 may determine that a DL opportunity and a UL opportunity at the user equipment 210 overlap in at least one subframe. In some example embodiments, the user equipment 210 may determine how to handle the at least one overlapped subframe, e.g., a handling solution may be determined. In some example embodiments, the user equipment 210 may determine that the at least one overlapped subframe is one of at least one DL subframe, at least one UL subframe, or at least one inactive subframe based on one of: a predefined rule, an indication from the base station, or a need at the user equipment 210.
[0100] In some examples, a predefined rule may be default specified, which may indicate that an overlapped subframe should be considered as a DL subframe, a UL subframe, or an inactive subframe. In some examples, an indication or a configuration may be provided by the base station 220, which may indicate that an overlapped subframe should be considered as a DL subframe, a UL subframe, or an inactive subframe.
[0101] In some examples, if there is no predefined rule or indication from the base station 220, the user equipment 210 may determine a role of the overlapped subframe based on its actual need. In some examples, the overlapped subframe may be considered as a flexible subframe. For example, the overlapped subframe may be considered as a DL subframe as priority in case of SIB reception. For example, the overlapped subframe may be considered as a UL subframe as priority in case of a triggered uplink reporting.
[0102] As such, a handling solution can be determined by the user equipment 210 in case the DL opportunity and UL opportunity overlap, therefore, a communication can be made efficiently.
[0103] In addition or alternatively, the user equipment 210 may transmit, and the base station 220 may receive an uplink report at 330. In some implementations, the uplink report may be related to timing information associated with at least one of a DL resource or a UL resource at the user equipment.
[0104] In some example embodiments, the uplink report may include assistance information. In some implementations, the transmission of the assistance information may be performed before or after the reception of the TDD resource configuration. In some implementations, the assistance information may be triggered by a trigger condition.
[0105] In some example embodiments, a trigger condition for triggering a transmission of the assistance information may include one or more of the following: a determination that a communication between the user equipment and the base station is in a TDD mode, receiving, from the base station, a request for the assistance information, a time duration being passed since a transmission of previous assistance information, a detection of an overlap between a DL opportunity and a UL opportunity at the user equipment, the previous assistance information being invalid, or a change from the previous assistance information being larger than a threshold.
[0106] For example, when the user equipment 210 is aware that an NTN cell is operating in a TDD mode, a transmission of the assistance information is triggered. For example, when the user equipment 210 receives a request for the assistance information, or when a time duration (which may be predefined, or may be preconfigured by the base station, or may be determined by UE implementation) has passed since a last transmission of previous assistance information, a transmission of the assistance information is triggered. For example, when the user equipment 210 detects an overlap between a DL opportunity and a UL opportunity, or when the user equipment 210 determines that a period between a DL opportunity and a UL opportunity is too long, a transmission of the assistance information is triggered. For example, when a change of the assistance information from a previously transmitted assistance information is larger than a threshold (which may be predefined, or may be preconfigured by the base station, or may be determined by UE implementation) , a transmission of the assistance information is triggered.
[0107] In some example embodiments, the assistance information may include first information which may be used for deriving RTT between the user equipment 210 and the base station 220. In some examples, the first information, which may be used for UE-eNB / gNB RTT derivation at the base station 220, may include one or more of the following: UE-specific TA, UE compensated TA, UE-eNB / gNB RTT applied at the user equipment 210, or a UE location.
[0108] In some example embodiments, the assistance information may include second information about timing of a TDD resource pattern at the user equipment 210. In some examples, the second information may indicate a TDD resource pattern at the user equipment 210 which is determined based on the TDD resource configuration. For example, the second information may indicate one or more of the following: an overlap between a DL opportunity and a UL opportunity at the user equipment, a handling solution for at least one overlapped subframe, a gap between a DL opportunity and a UL opportunity being longer than a first length, a gap between a DL opportunity and a UL opportunity being shorter than the first length, a gap between a UL opportunity and a DL opportunity being longer than a second length, or a gap between a UL opportunity and a DL opportunity being shorter than the second length.
[0109] For example, the second information may include an indication of DL and UL overlap. For example, the second information may include a length of DL and UL overlap. For example, second information may include an indication of an inactive time period between a DL opportunity and a UL opportunity at the user equipment 210. For example, second information may include a length of the inactive time period. In some instances, an additional flag may be used for indicating whether the length is for DL and UL overlap or for inactive time period. For instance, the flag may be positive for inactive time period. For instance, the flag may be negative for DL and UL overlap.
[0110] For example, the second information may include a handling solution for an overlapped subframe. For instance, the handling solution may indicate that the overlapped subframe is considered as a DL subframe, a UL subframe, or an inactive subframe.
[0111] In some implementations, the base station 220 may receive the assistance information before the step 310, and the base station 220 may determine or generate the TDD resource configuration based on the assistance information before the step 310.
[0112] In some implementations, the base station 220 may receive the assistance information after the step 310, the base station 220 may determine or generate an updated TDD resource configuration based on the assistance information, and then the base station 220 may further transmit the updated TDD resource configuration to the user equipment 210.
[0113] In some examples, the base station 220 may determine a DownlinkToUplinkGuardPeriod based on the first information. As such, the base station 220 will not use a maximum propagation delay in the NTN cell which could decrease efficiency of resource usage, instead an accurate DownlinkToUplinkGuardPeriod may be determined and the resource usage may be increased.
[0114] It is determined that DL and UL resources can be used in a period based on the TDD resource configuration, and the time resources for DL and UL opportunities at the base station 220 and the user equipment 210 are different due to large propagation delay.
[0115] With reference to FIG. 4A, if a guard period between the DL opportunity and the UL opportunity (i.e., the actual gap) is less than UE-eNB / gNB RTT, there will be DL / UL resource collision at the user equipment 210. If the guard period is much larger than the UE-eNB / gNB RTT, there will be too long inactive time at the user equipment 210 that decreases resource efficiency. In the present disclosure, the user equipment may provide assistance information to the base station, and the assistance information may be used by the base station to optimize the TDD resource configuration.
[0116] In addition or alternatively, the user equipment 210 may determine timing information of a corresponding SIB acquisition based on timing information associated with at least one of a DL resource or a UL resource at the user equipment 210. In some implementations, the user equipment 210 may determine when to start the SIB acquisition and / or a time duration for the SIB acquisition. In some examples, the corresponding SIB may be SIB31 or SIB31-NB in IoT NTN. In some examples, the corresponding SIB may be SIB19 in NR NTN.
[0117] It is to be noted that the SIB acquisition is essential to IoT NTN UE for uplink synchronization, and may be impacted by the downlink resources that are determined based on the TDD resource configuration. For example, due to the scheduling of the configured TDD pattern, a DL / UL operation may overlap with non-D / non-U subframes. FIG. 4B illustrates an example 420 of system information (SI) window reception. As illustrated, an SI window may be configured with a length of 160ms, however, it is noted that the length may be with another value and the present disclosure does not limit for this aspect.
[0118] It is possible that the SI window start time 421 may fall out of a DL opportunity, i.e. inactive DL time or non-D subframe. An SI message such as SIB2, SIB31, may exceed 208 bits and requires total 8 subframes to transmit a single transport block. Since there are some subframes (e.g., 3 subframes) reserved for Narrowband Primary Synchronization Signal (NPSS) , Narrowband Secondary Synchronization Signal (NSSS) , Narrowband Physical Broadcast Channel (NPBCH) , or SIB1, there are not enough subframes for the SIB acquisition in one DL opportunity. As illustrated, the SIB transmission may spread across two DL opportunities, and accordingly the SIB acquisition can be done from 422 to 424. Since the reception timing of SI is depending on TDD resource configuration, the reception of SIB may be postponed or even failed when overlapped with non-D subframes.
[0119] For example, the user equipment may be in an idle or inactive (RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE) state, and the SIB acquisition is performed before ephemeris expiration based on UE implementation. FIG. 4C illustrates an example 430 of SIB acquisition for UE in idle state. It is possible that the UE attempts to acquire SIB31 at 431 that is before ephemeris expiration 435, but does not succeed before the ephemeris expiration 435. As illustrated, the actual start time for SIB acquisition may be at 432 and the actual complete time for SIB acquisition may be at 434.
[0120] For example, the user equipment may be in a connected (RRC_CONNECTED) state, and the SIB acquisition is performed based on timers T317 and T318. FIG. 4D illustrates an example 440 of SIB acquisition for UE in connected state. Upon receiving SIB31, the UE starts T317 with the duration ul-SyncValidityDuration from the subframe indicated by epochTime. T317 expires at 441 and T317 expiration triggers UL synchronization lost (suspending all UL operations) . The UE starts T318 at 441 to acquire SIB31. If the SIB31 is not received successfully while T318 is running, the T318 expiration triggers RLF at 443. It is possible that the UE fails to acquire SIB31 during T318 running. As illustrated, the actual start time for SIB acquisition may be at 442 and the actual complete time for SIB acquisition may be at 444.
[0121] For solving these issues, in the present disclosure, the user equipment 210 may determine timing information of a corresponding SIB acquisition based on timing information associated with at least one of a DL resource or a UL resource at the user equipment 210.
[0122] In some example embodiments, the user equipment 210 is in an idle or inactive (RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE) state. The user equipment 210 may determine that a duration for the corresponding SIB acquisition comprises at least one DL opportunity at the user equipment before ephemeris expiration. In some examples, the user equipment 210 may determine a DL opportunity before ephemeris expiration, for example, the determined DL opportunity may be the closest one or the second closest one before ephemeris expiration. In some examples, the user equipment 210 may start SIB acquisition at the determined DL opportunity. In some examples, the user equipment 210 may only monitor for SIB reception at the DL opportunity or DL subframes, that is, the monitoring is not performed at inactive subframes. As such, the SIB acquisition can cover at least some necessary DL subframes before ephemeris expiration, for instance, the at least some necessary DL subframes may include 8 DL subframes for SIB acquisition, one or two DL opportunities. Therefore, the UL synchronization can be ensured without delay for TACH initiation or small data transmission (SDT0.
[0123] In some example embodiments, the user equipment 210 is in a connected (RRC_CONNECTED) state.
[0124] In some embodiments, the user equipment 210 may determine a start time for the corresponding SIB acquisition before a validity duration of ephemeris (e.g., T317) expired, where a time length from the start time to a time when the validity duration of ephemeris expired is larger than a length of a DL opportunity at the user equipment 210. In some examples, the ephemeris may expire within a non-D subframe, and the user equipment 210 may start the SIB acquisition before ephemeris expiration, which may be referred to as an early acquisition solution. In some examples, the user equipment 210 may determine a DL opportunity before ephemeris expiration (e.g., before T317 expires) , for example, the determined DL opportunity may be the closest one or the second closest one before ephemeris expiration. In some examples, the user equipment 210 may start SIB acquisition at the determined DL opportunity. In some examples, the user equipment 210 may start SIB acquisition before T317 expiration, e.g., at a start of 8 DL subframes for SIB acquisition or one two DL opportunities before ephemeris expiration. For example, the timer T317 is running with ul-SyncValidityDuration.
[0125] In some embodiments, the user equipment 210 may set an end of a validity duration of ephemeris to a start of a DL opportunity; and may start the corresponding SIB acquisition based on the validity duration of ephemeris. In some examples, the ephemeris may expire within a non-D subframe, and the user equipment 210 may start the SIB acquisition before ephemeris expiration, which may be referred to as an early acquisition solution. In some examples, a validity duration for T317 may be reset by the user equipment 210, which may be longer than ul-SyncValidityDuration. In some examples, an end of T317 may be set to a start of 8 DL subframes for SIB acquisition or one two DL opportunities before ephemeris expiration.
[0126] In some embodiments, the user equipment 210 may perform the SIB acquisition based on T318. In some examples, the expiration time of configured T318 may be within a non-D subframe, and the user equipment 210 may continue SIB acquisition, which may be referred to as a late acquisition solution. In some examples, the user equipment 210 may set an end of a timer (e.g., T318) for ephemeris acquisition to be within a DL opportunity. For example, the length of T318 may be extended. For example, the extended length may be the time duration from T317 expiration to the first DL opportunity (or the first DL subframe) . For example, an end of T318 may be extended to an end of 8 subframes for SIB transmission, or to an end of one or two DL opportunities. As a specific example, with reference to FIG. 4D, T318 may be extended to be ended at 445. For example, a length of T318 may be set as multiple times of a configured value.
[0127] In some examples, the user equipment 210 may start or restart the timer (e.g., T318) for ephemeris acquisition at a start of a DL opportunity. For example, at a start of the first DL opportunity (or the first DL subframe) , T318 is started or restarted. As a specific example, with reference to FIG. 4D, T318 may be started or restarted at 442.
[0128] In some examples, the user equipment 210 may trigger a radio link failure after at least one DL opportunity from a failed SIB acquisition. For example, the RLF may be triggered after one or two DL opportunities from T318 expiration without successful SIB acquisition. As a specific example, with reference to FIG. 4D, RLF will not be triggered at 443, but be triggered at 445 if SIB acquisition is failed.
[0129] In some examples, the user equipment 210 may determine a dedicated timer for the corresponding SIB acquisition. For example, a new timer, which may be a TDD-specific timer T3xx instead of T318, may be used for controlling the SIB acquisition.
[0130] In addition or alternatively, the user equipment 210 may determine a length or a start time of an RAR window based on: an end of a last preamble repetition, an RTT between the user equipment and the base station, and an additional offset. For example, a preamble may be the Msg1. In addition or alternatively, the user equipment 210 may determine a length or a start time of a contention resolution timer (CRT) based on: a first symbol after an end of Msg3 repetition, an RTT between the user equipment and the base station, and an additional offset.
[0131] It is to be noted that a DL window such as RAR window and / or contention resolution timer may overlap with non-D / non-U subframes due to the scheduling of the configured TDD pattern. FIG. 4E illustrates an example 450 of a RAR window. As illustrated, even after being offset by UE-eNB / gNB RTT 451, it is possible the returning time of RAR (or contention resolution) is longer then UE-eNB / gNB RTT, for instance, a reception of Msg2 may occur at 454.
[0132] In the present disclosure, the user equipment 210 may enlarge the length of the RAR window (or contention resolution timer) , or may postpone / delay the start time of the RAR window (or contention resolution timer) . As such, the corresponding RAR window (or contention resolution timer) is longer or later to ensure successful reception. For example, since the user equipment 210 has knowledge of the next DL opportunity, it can adjust the RAR window (or contention resolution timer) to cover it.
[0133] In some examples, the RAR window may start at a subframe that contains the end of the last preamble repetition plus X (e.g., X=4 for TDD) subframes plus UE-eNB / gNB RTT plus an additional offset. As a specific example, with reference to FIG. 4E, the RAR window may start at 452. As illustrated, the RAR window may start later than the configured window by the additional offset.
[0134] In some examples, the contention resolution timer starts or restarts in the first symbol after the end of all repetitions of the Msg3 transmission plus the UE-eNB / gNB RTT plus an additional offset.
[0135] In some other examples, a length of the RAR window or the contention resolution timer may be extended by the additional offset. As a specific example, with reference to FIG. 4E, the RAR window may end after an additional offset from the end of the configured window.
[0136] In some examples, the additional offset may be determined by the user equipment 210, or may be indicated by the base station 220. In some examples, the additional offset may be determined based on an indication of a guard period between a UL opportunity and a DL opportunity at the base station 220. In some examples, the additional offset may be determined based on the TDD resource configuration. For example, the additional offset may be a period between a Msg1 reception at the base station 220 and a start of a next DL opportunity at the base station 220.
[0137] For example, the additional offset is determined based on the period between Msg1 reception at eNB / gNB (i.e., the timing of UL resource at eNB / gNB) and the start of the next DL opportunity (the starting SFN, subframe, or the exact subframe for RAR transmission) at eNB (i.e., the timing of DL resource at eNB / gNB) . For example, the period can be indicated to the user equipment 210, e.g., UplinkToDownlinkGuardPeriod with TDD resource configuration. For example, the period can be derived by the user equipment 210 based on TDD resource configuration, e.g., based on the timing between the UL and DL resources at eNB / gNB.
[0138] In some examples, the user equipment 210 may only monitor for RAR or contention resolution (CR) at the DL opportunity or DL subframes within the corresponding RAR window or contention resolution timer, that is, the monitoring is not performed at inactive subframes.
[0139] Still refer to FIG. 3, in some example embodiments, the uplink report at 330 may include a report of TA, PDD, or GNSS validity duration.
[0140] It is to be noted that the uplink report may be impacted by the uplink resources that are determined based on the TDD resource configuration. For example, due to the scheduling of the configured TDD pattern, an uplink report may be delayed if it is triggered at a non-U subframe.
[0141] For example, a report of TA may be a TA report (TAR) which includes the timing advance applied at the user equipment 210 and can be used by the base station 220 for UL scheduling. For example, the value of TA applied at the user equipment 210 varies over time.
[0142] For example, a report of PDD may be a PDD report which includes the propagation delay difference (s) between a serving cell and neighbour cell (s) and can be used by the base station 220 for SSB-based Measurement Timing configuration (SMTC) window or measurement gap configuration. For example, the value (s) of propagation delay difference (s) may vary over time.
[0143] For example, a report of GNSS validity duration may be a GNSS validity duration report which includes the remaining validity duration of the latest GNSS position fix result and can be used by the base station 220 for GNSS measurement gap configuration. The value of the remaining validity duration varies over time but can be easily derived.
[0144] In some example embodiments, if the uplink report (e.g., a report of TA, PDD, or GNSS validity duration) is triggered in an inactive subframe, the user equipment 210 may perform one of the following: determining first reported information at a time when the report is triggered; determining second reported information at a start time of a next UL opportunity; determining a change from the first reported information to the second reported information; or determining estimated reported information at the start time of the next UL opportunity. In some example embodiments, the user equipment 210 may transmit the report of TA, PDD, or GNSS validity duration which includes at least one of: the first reported information, the second reported information, the change, or the estimated reported information.
[0145] For example, if the repot is triggered at a non-U subframe, the user equipment 210 may postpone assembling the reporting element to the next UL opportunity or subframe to include the newest value. For instance, the report may include a value at the reported time rather than the triggered time.
[0146] For example, if the repot is triggered at a non-U subframe, the user equipment 210 may assemble the reporting element once triggered and report the triggering timing (time stamp) of the corresponding value. For instance, the report may include a value at the triggered time and a timestamp of the triggered time.
[0147] For example, if the repot is triggered at a non-U subframe, the user equipment 210 may assemble the reporting element once triggered and report the variation of the corresponding value. For instance, the report may include a value at the triggered time and a change of the value from the triggered time to the reported time.
[0148] For example, if the repot is triggered at a non-U subframe, the user equipment 210 may assemble the reporting element once triggered and report an estimated value at the time of next UL opportunity or subframe. For instance, the report may include a value at the triggered time and an estimated value at the reported time.
[0149] For example, the triggered time may be a non-U subframe, and the reported time may be a UL subframe in a UL opportunity.
[0150] FIG. 5 illustrates a signalling chart illustrating communication process 500 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 500 may involve the user equipment 210 and the base station 220 as shown in FIG. 2. It is to be understood that the process 500 may also be applied to another scenario different from that shown in FIG. 2, the present disclosure does not limit this aspect.
[0151] It should be noted that embodiments discussed with reference to FIG. 5 are provided in a simplified manner, details of which may refer to those discussed with reference to FIG. 3, and will not be repeated for brevity.
[0152] At 502, the user equipment 210 may determine that a transmission of assistance information is triggered, and then at 504, the user equipment 210 may transmit the assistance information to the base station 220. For example, the assistance information may include first information that is used by the base station 220 to derive the UE-eNB / gNB RTT (or STT) .
[0153] At 510, the base station 220 transmits a TDD resource configuration to the user equipment 210. For example, the TDD resource configuration may indicate a periodicity, DL and UL resources, and a guard period therebetween) . For example, the TDD resource configuration may be generated or determined based on the first information in the assistance information.
[0154] At 520, the user equipment 210 determine timing information associated with at least one of DL resource or UL resource at the user equipment 210.
[0155] At 522, the user equipment 210 may determine that a transmission of assistance information is triggered, and then at 524, the user equipment 210 may transmit the assistance information to the base station 220. For example, the assistance information may include second information that is used by the base station 220 to update the TDD resource configuration.
[0156] At 532, the user equipment 210 may determine SIB acquisition timing and behavior, and then at 534, the user equipment 210 may perform SIB reception on DL TDD resources. For example, the user equipment 210 may determine when to start the SIB acquisition and / or the time duration for the SIB acquisition. For example, the user equipment 210 may monitor for the SIB at DL subframes within the time duration for the SIB acquisition.
[0157] At 542, the user equipment 210 may determine RAR / CRT timing and behavior, and then at 544, the user equipment 210 may perform RAR / CR reception on DL TDD resources. For example, the user equipment 210 may determine when to start the RAR window or CR timer. For example, the user equipment 210 may determine a length of the RAR window or CR timer. For example, the user equipment 210 may monitor for the RAR or CR at DL subframes within the length of the RAR window or CR timer.
[0158] At 552, the user equipment 210 may handle an uplink report, and then at 554, the user equipment 210 may transmit the uplink report to the base station 220. For example, the uplink report may be a report of TA, PDD, or GNSS validity duration.
[0159] According to embodiments with reference to FIGS. 2-5 in the present disclosure, some potential issues for supporting TDD mode in a communication network with a long propagation delay (such as NTN) are addressed. As such, timing information associated with DL and / or UL resources at the user equipment can be determined and thus the TDD operations can be supported.
[0160] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a device 600 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 600 may be an example of a user equipment or a base station as described herein. The device 600 may support wireless communication with the user equipment 210 or the base station 220, or any combination thereof. The device 600 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 602, a memory 604, a transceiver 606, and, optionally, an I / O controller 608. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0161] The processor 602, the memory 604, the transceiver 606, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 602, the memory 604, the transceiver 606, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0162] In some implementations, the processor 602, the memory 604, the transceiver 606, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 602 and the memory 604 coupled with the processor 602 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 602, instructions stored in the memory 604) .
[0163] For example, the processor 602 may support wireless communication at the device 600 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 602 may be configured to operable to support a means for actions discussed above.
[0164] The processor 602 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 602 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 602. The processor 602 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 604) to cause the device 600 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0165] The memory 604 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 604 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 602 cause the device 600 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 602 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 604 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0166] The I / O controller 608 may manage input and output signals for the device 600. The I / O controller 608 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 600. In some implementations, the I / O controller 608 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 608 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 608 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 606. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 600 via the I / O controller 608 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 608.
[0167] In some implementations, the device 600 may include a single antenna 610. However, in some other implementations, the device 600 may have more than one antenna 610 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 606 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 610, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 606 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 606 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 610 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 610. The transceiver 606 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0168] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 610 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0169] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 610 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0170] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a processor 700 that is suitable for implementing some embodiments of the present disclosure. The processor 700 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 700 may include a controller 702 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 700 may optionally include at least one memory 704, such as L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 700 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 706. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0171] The processor 700 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 700) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0172] The controller 702 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 700 to cause the processor 700 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 702 may operate as a control unit of the processor 700, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 700. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0173] The controller 702 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 704 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 700 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 702 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 704. The controller 702 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 702 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 700 to cause the processor 700 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 702 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 700. The controller 702 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 700.
[0174] The memory 704 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 700 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementations, the memory 704 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 700) . In some other implementations, the memory 704 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 700) .
[0175] The memory 704 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 700, cause the processor 700 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 702 and / or the processor 700 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 704 to cause the processor 700 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 700 and / or the controller 702 may be coupled with or to the memory 704, the processor 700, the controller 702, and the memory 704 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 700 may include multiple processors and the memory 704 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0176] The one or more ALUs 706 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, the one or more ALUs 706 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 700) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 706 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 700) . One or more ALUs 706 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 706 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 706 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 706 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 706 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0177] The processor 700 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 700 may be configured to or operable to support a means for operations described in some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0178] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of a method 800 performed by a user equipment in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 800 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 800 may be performed by the user equipment 210 in FIG. 2, as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0179] At 810, the method may include receiving, from a base station, a TDD resource configuration indicating a TDD resource pattern. The operations of 810 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 810 may be performed by the user equipment 210 as described with reference to FIG. 2.
[0180] At 820, the method may include determining timing information associated with at least one of a DL resource or a UL resource at the user equipment based on the TDD resource configuration and a propagation delay between the user equipment and the base station. The operations of 820 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 820 may be performed by the user equipment 210 as described with reference to FIG. 2.
[0181] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method 900 performed by a base station in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 900 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 900 may be performed by the base station 220 in FIG. 2, as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0182] At 910, the method may include transmitting, to a user equipment, a TDD resource configuration indicating a TDD resource pattern. The operations of 910 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 910 may be performed by the base station 220 as described with reference to FIG. 2.
[0183] At 920, the method may include receiving, from the user equipment, an uplink report which is related to timing information associated with at least one of a DL resource or a UL resource at the user equipment. The operations of 920 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 920 may be performed by the base station 220as described with reference to FIG. 2.
[0184] It should be noted that the methods described herein describes possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0185] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0186] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0187] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
[0188] As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0189] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A user equipment (UE) comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the user equipment to:receive, from a base station, a time division duplexing (TDD) resource configuration indicating a TDD resource pattern; anddetermine timing information associated with at least one of a downlink (DL) resource or an uplink (UL) resource at the user equipment based on the TDD resource configuration and a propagation delay between the user equipment and the base station.2.The user equipment of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the user equipment to determine the timing information by:determining timing information of a DL opportunity at the user equipment being timing information of a DL opportunity at the base station plus a half of a round trip time (RTT) between the user equipment and the base station or a half of timing advance (TA) applied at the user equipment; anddetermining timing information of a UL opportunity at the user equipment being timing information of a UL opportunity at the base station minus the half of the RTT or the half of the TA applied at the user equipment.3.The user equipment of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the user equipment to determine the timing information by:determining a first length of a first guard period between a DL opportunity and a UL opportunity at the user equipment being a length of a guard period between the DL opportunity and the UL opportunity at the base station minus an RTT between the user equipment and the base station or a TA applied at the user equipment; anddetermining a second length of a second guard period between the UL opportunity and the DL opportunity at the user equipment being a length of a guard period between the UL opportunity and the DL opportunity at the base station plus the RTT or the TA applied at the user equipment.4.The user equipment of claim 2, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the user equipment to:determine that a DL opportunity and a UL opportunity at the user equipment overlap in at least one subframe; anddetermine that the at least one subframe is one of at least one DL subframe, at least one UL subframe, or at least one inactive subframe based on one of:a predefined rule,an indication from the base station, ora need at the user equipment.5.The user equipment of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the user equipment to:transmit, to the base station, assistance information comprising at least one of:first information for deriving RTT between the user equipment and the base station, orsecond information about timing of a TDD resource pattern at the user equipment.6.The user equipment of claim 5, wherein the second information indicates at least one of:an overlap between a DL opportunity and a UL opportunity at the user equipment,a handling solution for at least one overlapped subframe,a gap between a DL opportunity and a UL opportunity being longer than a first length,a gap between a DL opportunity and a UL opportunity being shorter than the first length,a gap between a UL opportunity and a DL opportunity being longer than a second length, ora gap between a UL opportunity and a DL opportunity being shorter than the second length.7.The user equipment of claim 5, wherein a transmission of the assistance information is triggered by at least one of:a determination that a communication between the user equipment and the base station is in a TDD mode,receiving, from the base station, a request for the assistance information,a time duration being passed since a transmission of previous assistance information,a detection of an overlap between a DL opportunity and a UL opportunity at the user equipment,the previous assistance information being invalid, ora change from the previous assistance information being larger than a threshold.8.The user equipment of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the user equipment to:determine timing information of a corresponding system information block (SIB) acquisition based on timing information associated with at least one of a DL resource or a UL resource at the user equipment.9.The user equipment of claim 8, wherein the user equipment is in an idle or inactive state, and wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the user equipment to determine the timing information of a corresponding SIB acquisition by:determining that a duration for the corresponding SIB acquisition comprises at least one DL opportunity at the user equipment before ephemeris expiration.10.The user equipment of claim 8, wherein the user equipment is in a connected state, and wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the user equipment to determine the timing information of a corresponding SIB acquisition by:setting an end of a validity duration of ephemeris to a start of a DL opportunity; andstarting the corresponding SIB acquisition based on the validity duration of ephemeris.11.The user equipment of claim 8, wherein the user equipment is in a connected state, and wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the user equipment to determine the timing information of a corresponding SIB acquisition by one of:setting an end of a timer for ephemeris acquisition to be within a DL opportunity;starting or restarting the timer for ephemeris acquisition at a start of a DL opportunity;triggering a radio link failure after at least one DL opportunity from a failed SIB acquisition; ordetermining a dedicated timer for the corresponding SIB acquisition.12.The user equipment of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the user equipment to:determine a length or a start time of a random access response (RAR) window based on: an end of a last preamble repetition, an RTT between the user equipment and the base station, and an additional offset.13.The user equipment of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the user equipment to:determine a length or a start time of a contention resolution timer based on: a first symbol after an end of a message 3 (Msg3) repetition, an RTT between the user equipment and the base station, and an additional offset.14.The user equipment of claim 12 or 13, wherein the additional offset is determined based on one of:an indication of a guard period between a UL opportunity and a DL opportunity at the base station,the TDD resource configuration, ora period between a Msg1 reception at the base station and a start of a next DL opportunity at the base station.15.The user equipment of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the user equipment to:in accordance with a determination that a report is triggered in an inactive subframe, perform one of the following:determining first reported information at a time when the report is triggered;determining second reported information at a start time of a next UL opportunity;determining a change from the first reported information to the second reported information; ordetermining estimated reported information at the start time of the next UL opportunity; andtransmit, to the base station, the report of timing advance (TA) , propagation delay difference (PDD) , or global navigation satellite system (GNSS) validity duration, wherein the report comprises at least one of: the first reported information, the second reported information, the change, or the estimated reported information.16.A base station comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the base station to:transmit, to a user equipment (UE) , a time division duplexing (TDD) resource configuration indicating a TDD resource pattern; andreceive, from the user equipment, an uplink report which is related to timing information associated with at least one of a downlink (DL) resource or an uplink (UL) resource at the user equipment.17.The base station of claim 16, wherein the uplink report comprises assistance information comprising at least one of:first information for deriving a round trip time (RTT) between the user equipment and the base station, orsecond information about timing of a TDD resource pattern at the user equipment.18.The base station of claim 17, wherein the second information indicates at least one of:an overlap between a DL opportunity and a UL opportunity at the user equipment,a handling solution for at least one overlapped subframe,a gap between a DL opportunity and a UL opportunity being longer than a first length,a gap between a DL opportunity and a UL opportunity being shorter than the first length,a gap between a UL opportunity and a DL opportunity being longer than a second length, ora gap between a UL opportunity and a DL opportunity being shorter than the second length.19.The base station of claim 16, wherein the uplink report comprises a report of timing advance (TA) , propagation delay difference (PDD) , or global navigation satellite system (GNSS) validity duration, wherein the report comprises at least one of:first reported information at a time when the report is triggered;second reported information at a start time of a next UL opportunity;a change from the first reported information to the second reported information; orestimated reported information at the start time of the next UL opportunity.20.A processor for wireless communication, comprising:at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to:receive, from a base station, a time division duplexing (TDD) resource configuration indicating a TDD resource pattern; anddetermine timing information associated with at least one of a downlink (DL) resource or an uplink (UL) resource at the user equipment based on the TDD resource configuration and a propagation delay between the user equipment and the base station.
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