Modulated symbol processing method, first communication node, second communication node, and medium

Abstract

The present application provides a modulated symbol processing method, a first communication node, a second communication node, and a medium. The modulated symbol processing method comprises: modulating M pieces of first data into M first complex modulated symbols, wherein M is a positive integer, and each first complex modulated symbol is determined by two pieces of first data; and processing the first complex modulated symbols.

Description

Modulation symbol processing method, first communication node, second communication node and medium TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of communication, for example, to a modulation symbol processing method, a first communication node, a second communication node and a medium. BACKGROUND

[0002] Future communication systems not only need to improve transmission rate, but also need to support more different types of terminals. In order to better support low-cost and low-power terminals, it is necessary to consider designing signals with low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). In addition, in the terahertz scenario, due to the non-ideal nature of devices, it is also necessary to transmit signals with low peak-to-average power ratio.

[0003] However, the peak-to-average ratio of the current modulation method still cannot meet the requirements of higher coverage or more limited device design scenarios. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a modulation symbol processing method, a first communication node, a second communication node and a medium.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a modulation symbol processing method, comprising:

[0006] modulating M first data into M first complex modulation symbols, wherein M is a positive integer, and each of the first complex modulation symbols is determined by two first data;

[0007] processing the first complex modulation symbols.

[0008] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a modulation symbol processing method, comprising:

[0009] obtaining M fourth complex modulation symbols generated by M first data, wherein M is a positive integer, and each of the M fourth complex modulation symbols is determined by two first data;

[0010] processing the fourth complex modulation symbols.

[0011] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a first communication node, comprising:

[0012] one or more processors;

[0013] a storage device configured to store one or more programs;

[0014] When the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement the modulation symbol processing method provided in the first aspect.

[0015] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a second communication node, comprising:

[0016] one or more processors;

[0017] a storage device configured to store one or more programs;

[0018] When the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement the modulation symbol processing method according to the second aspect.

[0019] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a storage medium, characterized by storing a computer program, wherein the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the modulation symbol processing method according to the embodiments of the present application.

[0020] More details of the above-mentioned embodiments and other aspects of the present application and implementation manners thereof are provided in the following description of drawings, specific embodiments and claims. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] Fig. 1 is a flow diagram of a modulation symbol processing method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Fig. 3a is a flow diagram of another modulation symbol processing method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Fig. 3b is an implementation diagram of real part and imaginary part merging and power normalization at a receiving side according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Fig. 3c is another implementation diagram of real part and imaginary part merging and power normalization at a receiving side according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Fig. 4 is a flow diagram of a communication signal generation and transmission method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Fig. 5 is a flow diagram of another communication signal generation and transmission method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Fig. 6 is a flow diagram of another communication signal generation and transmission method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Fig. 7 is an implementation diagram of reordering according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Fig. 8 is another implementation diagram of reordering according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] FIG. 9 is a flow diagram of a method for generating and transmitting a communication signal according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] FIG. 10 is a diagram of an implementation of real and imaginary interpolation according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] FIG. 11 is a diagram of another implementation of real and imaginary interpolation according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] FIG. 12 is a diagram of a structure of a modulation symbol processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] FIG. 13 is a diagram of another structure of a modulation symbol processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] FIG. 14 is a diagram of a structure of a first communication node according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] FIG. 15 is a diagram of a structure of a second communication node according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present application clearer, the embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other as long as there is no conflict.

[0039] The steps shown in the flowchart of the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions. Also, although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described herein can be executed in an order different from that shown.

[0040] The terms "first", "second", and the like in the present application are used to distinguish similar objects, and do not necessarily have to describe a specific order or sequence.

[0041] The communication standard supports binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and π / 2-binary phase shift keying (π / 2-BPSK), which can make the peak-to-average ratio lower when using a discrete Fourier transform spread-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) waveform for transmission. In BPSK modulation, data bits (also referred to as bit data) b(i) generate modulation symbols d(i) according to the following formula:

[0042] Each modulation symbol can select two phases. The generation formula of π / 2-BPSK is as follows:

[0043] At this time, each modulation symbol still selects two phases, but the difference is that the modulation symbol will be rotated according to the bit position. Compared with BPSK, the even modulation symbol of π / 2-BPSK is unchanged, and the odd modulation symbol is rotated by 90 degrees. Multiplying by the imaginary number j corresponds to rotating 90 degrees on the complex plane. This difference makes the phase change of π / 2-BPSK smaller, so that the peak-to-average ratio is lower. However, the peak-to-average ratio of π / 2-BPSK is still difficult to meet the scene with higher coverage requirements or more limited device design, and a modulation mode with lower peak-to-average ratio needs to be designed. The present application proposes a new modulation mode which can effectively reduce the peak-to-average ratio of the transmitted signal, thereby better supporting various related applications in the future.

[0044] In an example embodiment, FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a modulation symbol processing method provided by an embodiment of the present application. The modulation symbol processing method can be applied to the case of processing modulation symbols, such as the case of modulating modulation symbols. The modulation symbol processing method can be executed by a modulation symbol processing apparatus, which can be implemented by software and / or hardware and integrated on a first communication node. The first communication node can be a communication node that generates modulation symbols, such as a first complex modulation symbol, such as a terminal device. The first communication node can be the sending side of the modulation symbol.

[0045] FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application. The first communication node 1 and the second communication node 2 can transmit communication signals. The communication signals can be generated based on the first data required to be transmitted between the first communication node 1 and the second communication node 2.

[0046] In an embodiment, the modulation symbol processing method provided by the present application includes:

[0047] M first data are modulated into M first complex modulation symbols, where M is a positive integer. The first complex modulation symbols are processed. The first complex modulation symbols can be generated by at least two first data.

[0048] As shown in FIG. 1, the modulation symbol processing method provided by the present application includes the following steps:

[0049] S110, M first data are modulated into M first complex modulation symbols, where M is a positive integer. Each of the first complex modulation symbols is determined by two first data.

[0050] The first data can be data to be transmitted by the first communication node, and the first communication node can be a communication node that needs to send the first data. The first data can be uncoded data, or can be coded data such as channel coded data. The first complex modulation symbol can be a modulation symbol modulated by the first data. The first data can be first bit data (also referred to as first data bits), and the bit data can be referred to as data bits. The first bit data can be data composed of bits.

[0051] The operation can modulate the M first data b(i) into M first complex modulation symbols d(i), where i = 0, 1,..., M-1.

[0052] The embodiment can modulate M first data to obtain M first complex modulation symbols, and the specific means is not limited. The M first data can be processed first to generate more data, and then modulated. Alternatively, the M first data can be directly modulated to generate M first complex modulation symbols. For example, b(i) and b((i+1)mod M) can be used to modulate the corresponding complex modulation symbol, i = 0, 1,..., M-1, and a total of M first complex modulation symbols can be modulated.

[0053] In the embodiment, the first complex modulation symbol is generated by two first data. The first data used to generate the first complex modulation symbol is not limited, such as any two first data or adjacent first data.

[0054] In one embodiment, when M is an odd number or an even number, different first data can be used. For example, any two of b(i), b((i+1)mod M), b(i+1), b(i-1) and b((i+2)mod M) can be used to generate the first complex modulation symbol.

[0055] In one embodiment, when M is an even number, at least two of b(i), b((i+1)mod M) and b(i+1) can be used to generate the corresponding first complex modulation symbol. For example, b(i) and b((i+1)mod M) can be used to generate the corresponding first complex modulation symbol, and / or b(i) and b(i+1) can be used to generate the corresponding first complex modulation symbol.

[0056] In the process of generating the first complex modulation symbol, i can take an odd number or an even number, and different generation means can be used.

[0057] In one embodiment, in the process of generating the first complex modulation symbol, the corresponding first data is selected to generate the first complex modulation symbol based on the parity of M and the parity of i.

[0058] In one embodiment, when M is even and i is odd, the corresponding first complex modulation symbol is generated based on b(i) and b((i+1)mod M); when M is even and i is even, the corresponding first complex modulation symbol is generated based on b(i) and b(i+1).

[0059] In one embodiment, when M is even and i is odd, the corresponding first complex modulation symbol is generated based on b(i) and b((i+1)mod M); when M is even and i is even, the corresponding first complex modulation symbol is generated based on b(i) and b(i+1).

[0060] In one embodiment, when M is even and i is odd, the corresponding first complex modulation symbol is generated based on b(i-1) and b((i+2)mod M); when M is even and i is even, the corresponding first complex modulation symbol is generated based on b(i) and b(i+1).

[0061] In one embodiment, when M is even and i is odd, the corresponding first complex modulation symbol is generated based on b(i-1) and b((i+2)mod M); when M is even and i is even, the corresponding first complex modulation symbol is generated based on b(i) and b((i+1)mod M).

[0062] In one embodiment, when i takes different values, the first complex modulation symbol is generated based on b(i) and b((i+1)mod M) or b(i-1) and b((i+2)mod M).

[0063] In one embodiment, when i takes different values, the first complex modulation symbol is generated based on b(i) and b((i+1)mod M) or b(i-1) and b((i+2)mod M).

[0064] In one embodiment, the M first data are repeated, then reordered, and finally modulated into M first complex modulation symbols. When repeating the first data, each first data can be repeated in turn, and the repeated data is placed after the repeated data. For example, if the first data include b(0), b(l), b(2), b(3), and the process of repeating twice is performed, b(0) is repeated first, and the repeated data is placed after b(0), resulting in b(0), b(0). Then the subsequent first data are repeated in turn to obtain the final repeated data, b(0), b(0), b(l), b(l), b(2), b(2), b(3), b(3). The number of times of repetition is not limited here, and can be at least twice, such as twice, three times, four times, five times, six times, etc.

[0065] The means of reordering is not limited and can include one or more operations of cyclic shift and exchange. The reordering can be performed using the method of cyclic shift, such as cyclic shift of one bit to the left of the repeated data. After this operation, a communication signal with very low peak-to-average ratio can be obtained. When performing the exchange operation, the exchanged bits can be determined based on the number of times of repetition, such as exchanging the 4n+2 bit and the 4n+3 bit when repeating twice. Wherein, n = 0, 1,..., M / 2-1. The 4n+2 bit and the (4n-1) mod 2M bit can also be exchanged, and the 4n+3 bit and the (4n+6) mod 2M bit can also be exchanged.

[0066] In one embodiment, the operation can first modulate the M first data to obtain M / 2 second complex modulation symbols, then recombine based on d'(k) and d'((k+1) mod M / 2) to obtain third complex modulation symbols, d'(k) being the kth second complex modulation symbol. The M first complex modulation symbols are obtained by summarizing the third complex modulation symbols and the second complex modulation symbols. During the summarizing of the third complex modulation symbols and the second complex modulation symbols, the position of the third complex modulation symbols is not limited, and can be between the second complex modulation symbols, after all the second complex modulation symbols, or before all the second complex modulation symbols.

[0067] In one embodiment, after determining the third complex modulation symbols, the determined third complex modulation symbols can be inserted between the second complex modulation symbols, and the position of the insertion is not limited. Since the third complex modulation symbols are generated based on the second complex modulation symbols, the third complex modulation symbols can be inserted between the second complex modulation symbols used to generate the third complex modulation symbols.

[0068] For example, the third complex modulation symbol is inserted between d'(k) and d'((k+1)mod M / 2) used to generate the third complex modulation symbol, so as to obtain the first complex modulation symbol.

[0069] The third complex modulation symbol can be located at an odd bit of the first complex modulation symbol or an even bit of the first complex modulation symbol.

[0070] S120, processing the first complex modulation symbol.

[0071] The means for processing the first complex modulation symbol is not limited, for example, the first complex modulation symbol can be processed by complex coefficient multiplication, or cyclic shift, or complex coefficient multiplication and cyclic shift.

[0072] The cyclic shift can be understood as cyclic movement, for example, the low bits removed are placed in the high bits, or the high bits removed are placed in the low bits.

[0073] The direction of the cyclic shift is not limited, for example, the cyclic shift can be cyclic left shift, or cyclic right shift. For example, the low bits removed are placed in the high bits of the corresponding modulation symbol. For another example, the high bits removed are placed in the low bits of the corresponding modulation symbol.

[0074] In an embodiment, the first complex modulation symbol can be processed to obtain a corresponding communication signal, for example, a first communication signal.

[0075] Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is performed on M points to obtain frequency domain data of M subcarriers;

[0076] The frequency domain data is mapped to corresponding subcarrier positions;

[0077] Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IFFT) is performed on N points on the data carried by the subcarriers to obtain the first communication signal.

[0078] The first communication signal can be further processed as follows:

[0079] A cyclic prefix is added to obtain a second communication signal, the second communication signal is mixed and transmitted; or,

[0080] A guard interval is added to the first communication signal to obtain a third communication signal, the third communication signal is mixed and transmitted; or,

[0081] The first communication signal is mixed and transmitted.

[0082] The application provides a modulation symbol processing method, M first data are modulated into M first complex modulation symbols, and then the first complex modulation symbols are processed.

[0083] On the basis of the above-mentioned embodiments, variant embodiments of the above-mentioned embodiments are provided, and it should be noted that, in order to make the description brief, only differences from the above-mentioned embodiments are described in the variant embodiments.

[0084] In one embodiment, the processing the first complex modulation symbols comprises:

[0085] The first complex modulation symbols are multiplied by a complex coefficient, or are cyclically shifted, or are multiplied by a complex coefficient and are cyclically shifted.

[0086] The first complex modulation symbols can be multiplied by a complex coefficient, or are cyclically shifted, or are multiplied by a complex coefficient and are cyclically shifted.

[0087] The processed complex modulation symbols can be further processed to obtain a communication signal for transmission.

[0088] The first complex modulation symbols after being multiplied by a complex coefficient, or are cyclically shifted, or are multiplied by a complex coefficient and are cyclically shifted are processed as follows:

[0089] The M first complex modulation symbols are subjected to M-point discrete Fourier transform (DFT) transformation to obtain frequency domain data of M subcarriers;

[0090] The frequency domain data are mapped to corresponding subcarrier positions.

[0091] Data carried by the subcarriers are subjected to N-point inverse discrete Fourier transform (IFFT) to obtain a first communication signal.

[0092] In one embodiment, the M first data are modulated into M first complex modulation symbols, comprising:

[0093] b(i) and b((i+1)mod M) are taken as real parts and imaginary parts respectively or are taken as imaginary parts and real parts respectively to generate corresponding d(i);

[0094] Wherein, b(i) is the i th first data, d(i) is the i th first complex modulation symbol, and i=0, 1, …, M-1.

[0095] In the process of modulating the first complex modulation symbol, the corresponding first complex modulation symbol is modulated based on b(i) and b((i+1)mod M). In the process of modulation, b(i) and b((i+1)mod M) are taken as the real part and the imaginary part of the corresponding first complex modulation symbol respectively, or taken as the imaginary part and the real part of the corresponding first complex modulation symbol respectively.

[0096] b((i+1)mod M) is the case where i takes the value of (i+1)mod M. The remaining cases are not described here.

[0097] In one embodiment, b(i) is taken as the real part of the corresponding first complex modulation symbol, and b((i+1)mod M) is taken as the imaginary part of the corresponding first complex modulation symbol.

[0098] In one embodiment, b(i) is taken as the imaginary part of the corresponding first complex modulation symbol, and b((i+1)mod M) is taken as the real part of the corresponding first complex modulation symbol.

[0099] In the process of taking b(i) and b((i+1)mod M) as the real part and the imaginary part respectively or as the imaginary part and the real part respectively, b(i) and b((i+1)mod M) can be directly taken as the real part and the imaginary part respectively or as the imaginary part and the real part respectively, or taken as the real part and the imaginary part respectively or as the imaginary part and the real part respectively after operation. The operation mode is not limited here.

[0100] In one embodiment, the generation of the corresponding d(i) by taking b(i) and b((i+1)mod M) as the real part and the imaginary part respectively or as the imaginary part and the real part respectively includes:

[0101] The corresponding d(i) is generated according to the following formula:

[0102] The embodiment is based on M first data are modulated into M first complex modulation symbols.

[0103] mod is a modulus operation, which is used to calculate the remainder after one number is divided by another number. In the embodiment, b(i) and b((i+1)mod M) can be taken as the real part and the imaginary part respectively, or taken as the imaginary part and the real part respectively, to generate the corresponding d(i) in the case where i takes different values.

[0104] In the embodiment, b(i) and b((i+1)mod M) are taken as the components of the first complex modulation symbol, such as the real part and the imaginary part, after mathematical operation.

[0105] In one embodiment, the modulating the M first data into M first complex modulation symbols comprises:

[0106] In the case that M is even, if i is odd, b(i) and b((i+1) mod M) are taken as imaginary part and real part respectively to generate corresponding d(i); otherwise, b(i) and b(i+1) are taken as real part and imaginary part respectively to generate corresponding d(i).

[0107] wherein b(i) is the i-th first data, d(i) is the i-th first complex modulation symbol, i=0, 1, …, M-1.

[0108] In the case that M is even and i is odd, b(i) is taken as imaginary part of the generated first complex modulation symbol, and b((i+1) mod M) is taken as real part of the generated first complex modulation symbol.

[0109] In the case that b(i) and b((i+1) mod M) are taken as imaginary part and real part respectively, b(i) and b((i+1) mod M) can be directly taken as imaginary part and real part, or can be taken as imaginary part and real part of the corresponding first complex modulation symbol after operation.

[0110] In the case that M is even and i is even, b(i) is taken as real part of the generated first complex modulation symbol, and b(i+1) is taken as imaginary part of the generated first complex modulation symbol.

[0111] In the case that b(i) and b(i+1) are taken as imaginary part and real part respectively, b(i) and b(i+1) can be directly taken as imaginary part and real part, or can be taken as imaginary part and real part of the corresponding first complex modulation symbol after operation.

[0112] In one embodiment, in the case that M is even, if i is odd, b(i) and b((i+1) mod M) are taken as imaginary part and real part respectively to generate corresponding d(i); otherwise, b(i) and b(i+1) are taken as real part and imaginary part respectively to generate corresponding d(i), comprises:

[0113] corresponding d(i) is generated according to the following formula:

[0114] In the case that M is even, M first data is modulated into M first complex modulation symbols according to the following formula in the embodiment:

[0115] In the case that M is even, if i is odd, corresponding d(i) is generated according to the following formula in the embodiment:

[0116] In the embodiment, in the case that M is even, if i is even, the corresponding d(i) is generated by the following formula:

[0117] In one embodiment, the modulating the M first data into M first complex modulation symbols comprises:

[0118] In the case that M is odd, if i is odd, b(i) and b(i+1) are taken as the imaginary part and the real part respectively to generate the corresponding d(i); otherwise, b(i) and b((i+1)mod M) are taken as the real part and the imaginary part respectively to generate the corresponding d(i).

[0119] wherein b(i) is the ith first data, d(i) is the ith first complex modulation symbol, and i=0, 1, …, M-1.

[0120] In the case that M is odd and i is odd, b(i) is taken as the imaginary part of the generated first complex modulation symbol, and b(i+1) is taken as the real part of the generated first complex modulation symbol. In the case that b(i) and b(i+1) are taken as the imaginary part and the real part respectively, b(i) and b(i+1) can be directly taken as the imaginary part and the real part, or can be taken as the imaginary part and the real part of the corresponding first complex modulation symbol after being operated.

[0121] In the case that M is odd and i is even, b(i) is taken as the real part of the generated first complex modulation symbol, and b((i+1)mod M) is taken as the imaginary part of the generated first complex modulation symbol.

[0122] In the case that b(i) and b((i+1)mod M) are taken as the imaginary part and the real part respectively, b(i) and b((i+1)mod M) can be directly taken as the imaginary part and the real part, or can be taken as the imaginary part and the real part of the corresponding first complex modulation symbol after being operated.

[0123] In one embodiment, in the case that M is odd, if i is odd, b(i) and b(i+1) are taken as the imaginary part and the real part respectively to generate the corresponding d(i); otherwise, b(i) and b((i+1)mod M) are taken as the real part and the imaginary part respectively to generate the corresponding d(i), comprising:

[0124] The corresponding d(i) is generated according to the following formula:

[0125] In the embodiment, in the case that M is odd, the M first data are modulated into M first complex modulation symbols by the following formula:

[0126] In the embodiment, when M is an odd number, if i is an odd number, the corresponding d(i) is generated by the following formula:

[0127] In the embodiment, when M is an odd number, if i is an even number, the corresponding d(i) is generated by the following formula:

[0128] In one embodiment, the modulation of the M first data into M first complex modulation symbols comprises:

[0129] Based on the value of i, b(i) and b((i+1)mod M) are selected as the real part and the imaginary part of the corresponding first complex modulation symbol, or b(i-1) and b((i+2)mod M) are selected as the real part and the imaginary part of the corresponding first complex modulation symbol.

[0130] Wherein, b(i) is the ith first data, d(i) is the ith first complex modulation symbol, and i=0, 1, …, M-1.

[0131] In the embodiment, based on the value of i, b(i) and b((i+1)mod M) are selected as the real part and the imaginary part of the corresponding first complex modulation symbol, or b(i-1) and b((i+2)mod M) are selected as the real part and the imaginary part of the corresponding first complex modulation symbol.

[0132] Here, it is not limited how to select the first data required for generating the first complex modulation symbol based on the value of i. For example, the value of i is taken modulo, and the first data required for generating the first complex modulation symbol is determined based on the result of the modulo operation.

[0133] In one embodiment, based on the value of i, b(i) and b((i+1)mod M) are selected as the real part and the imaginary part of the corresponding d(i), or b(i-1) and b((i+2)mod M) are selected as the real part and the imaginary part of the corresponding d(i), comprising:

[0134] The corresponding d(i) is generated according to the following formula:

[0135] In the embodiment, the M first data are modulated into M first complex modulation symbols by the following formula:

[0136] In the embodiment, when i mod 2 is 0, b(i) and b((i+1)mod M) are respectively subjected to mathematical operations and then used as the real part and the imaginary part of the first complex modulation symbol. When i mod 2 is 1, b(i-1) and b((i+2)mod M) are respectively subjected to mathematical operations and then used as the real part and the imaginary part of the first complex modulation symbol.

[0137] In one embodiment, the modulating the M first data into M first complex modulation symbols comprises:

[0138] In the case that M is even, if i is odd, b(i-1) and b((i+2)mod M) are taken as real part and imaginary part respectively to generate corresponding d(i); otherwise, b(i) and b(i+1) are taken as real part and imaginary part respectively to generate corresponding d(i).

[0139] wherein b(i) is the ith first data, d(i) is the ith first complex modulation symbol, i=0, 1, …, M-1.

[0140] In the case that M is even and i is odd, b(i-1) is taken as real part of the generated first complex modulation symbol, and b((i+2)mod M) is taken as imaginary part of the generated first complex modulation symbol. In the case that b(i-1) and b((i+2)mod M) are taken as imaginary part and real part respectively, b(i-1) and b((i+2)mod M) can be directly taken as imaginary part and real part, or can be taken as imaginary part and real part of the corresponding first complex modulation symbol after being operated.

[0141] In the case that M is even and i is even, b(i) is taken as real part of the generated first complex modulation symbol, and b(i+1) is taken as imaginary part of the generated first complex modulation symbol.

[0142] In the case that b(i) and b(i+1) are taken as imaginary part and real part respectively, b(i) and b(i+1) can be directly taken as imaginary part and real part, or can be taken as imaginary part and real part of the corresponding first complex modulation symbol after being operated.

[0143] In one embodiment, in the case that M is even, if i is odd, b(i-1) and b((i+2)mod M) are taken as real part and imaginary part respectively to generate corresponding d(i); otherwise, b(i) and b(i+1) are taken as real part and imaginary part respectively to generate corresponding d(i), comprises:

[0144] corresponding d(i) is generated according to the following formula:

[0145] In the case that M is even, M first data are modulated into M first complex modulation symbols according to the following formula in the embodiment:

[0146] In the case that M is even, if i is odd, corresponding d(i) is generated according to the following formula in the embodiment:

[0147] In the embodiment, in the case that M is even, if i is even, the corresponding d(i) is generated by the following formula:

[0148] In one embodiment, the modulating the M first data into M first complex modulation symbols comprises:

[0149] In the case that M is odd, if i is odd, the corresponding d(i) is generated according to b(i-1) and b((i+2)mod M) as the real part and the imaginary part respectively; otherwise, b(i) and b((i+1)mod M) are taken as the real part and the imaginary part respectively to generate the corresponding d(i).

[0150] Wherein, b(i) is the i-th first data, d(i) is the i-th first complex modulation symbol, i=0, 1, …, M-1.

[0151] In the case that M is odd and i is odd, b(i-1) is taken as the real part of the generated first complex modulation symbol, and b((i+2)mod M) is taken as the imaginary part of the generated first complex modulation symbol. In the case that b(i-1) and b((i+2)mod M) are taken as the imaginary part and the real part respectively, b(i-1) and b((i+2)mod M) can be directly taken as the imaginary part and the real part, or can be taken as the imaginary part and the real part of the corresponding first complex modulation symbol after operation.

[0152] In the case that M is odd and i is even, b(i) is taken as the real part of the generated first complex modulation symbol, and b((i+1)mod M) is taken as the imaginary part of the generated first complex modulation symbol.

[0153] In the case that b(i) and b((i+1)mod M) are taken as the imaginary part and the real part respectively, b(i) and b((i+1)mod M) can be directly taken as the imaginary part and the real part, or can be taken as the imaginary part and the real part of the corresponding first complex modulation symbol after operation.

[0154] In one embodiment, in the case that M is odd, if i is odd, the corresponding d(i) is generated according to b(i-1) and b((i+2)mod M) as the real part and the imaginary part respectively; otherwise, b(i) and b((i+1)mod M) are taken as the real part and the imaginary part respectively to generate the corresponding d(i), which comprises:

[0155] The corresponding d(i) is generated according to the following formula:

[0156] In the embodiment, in the case that M is odd, the M first data are modulated into M first complex modulation symbols by the following formula:

[0157] In the embodiment, when M is even, if i is odd, the corresponding d(i) is generated by the following formula:

[0158] In the embodiment, when M is even, if i is even, the corresponding d(i) is generated by the following formula:

[0159] In one embodiment, the modulating the M first data into M first complex modulation symbols comprises:

[0160] repeating and reordering the M first data to obtain 2M second data;

[0161] modulating the 2M second data in a quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) manner to obtain the first complex modulation symbols.

[0162] The embodiment can repeat the first data, and then reorder the repeated data to obtain the second data. In the process of repeating the first data, the repeated data can be placed after the repeated data to ensure that the same data are adjacent. Then the second data is obtained by reordering. In the embodiment, the reordering can be performed by using a cyclic shift method, for example, the repeated data bits are cyclically shifted to the left or right by at least one bit. For another example, the repeated data bits are cyclically shifted to the left or right by at least one bit, and then the data in specific positions are exchanged.

[0163] Then the second data is modulated in a QPSK manner to obtain the first complex modulation symbols.

[0164] In one embodiment, the reordering is performed by using a cyclic shift method (for example, the reordering operation is a left cyclic shift by one bit), and specifically, the repeated data bits are cyclically shifted to the left by one bit. After this operation, a communication signal with very low peak-to-average ratio can be obtained.

[0165] In one embodiment, the 4n+2 bit and the 4n+3 bit of the repeated data bits after the cyclic shift are exchanged, where n=0, 1,..., M / 2-1.

[0166] In one embodiment, the 4n+2 bit and the (4n-1)mod 2M bit of the repeated data bits after the cyclic shift are exchanged, and the 4n+3 bit and the (4n+6)mod 2M bit of the repeated data bits after the cyclic shift are exchanged, where n=0, 1,..., M / 2-1.

[0167] In one embodiment, the 2M second data satisfy the following property: when the ordered second data are concatenated, two repeated data bits are always separated by one data bit.

[0168] In this embodiment, the second data satisfy the property that when concatenated, two repeated data bits are always separated by one data bit. The data in this embodiment can be data composed of bits. This embodiment does not limit the means of reordering, as long as the second data satisfy the above property.

[0169] In one embodiment, the reordering operation includes left circular shift by one bit, and exchange at specific positions.

[0170] In this embodiment, the reordering operation is left circular shift by one bit for the repeated data, and exchange at specific positions. The specific positions can be associated with the repetition multiple. For example, for 2 times repetition, the specific positions can be 4n+2 and (4n-1)mod 2M, and 4n+3 and (4n+6)mod 2M; or, the specific positions are 4n+2 and 4n+3.

[0171] In one embodiment, the modulating the M first data into M first complex modulation symbols includes:

[0172] modulating the M first data in QPSK manner to obtain M / 2 second complex modulation symbols;

[0173] recombining the real and imaginary parts of the second complex modulation symbols to obtain M / 2 third complex modulation symbols;

[0174] inserting the third complex modulation symbols between d'(k) and d'((k+1)mod M / 2) to obtain M first complex modulation symbols;

[0175] wherein d'(k) is the kth second complex modulation symbol, k=0, 1,..., M / 2-1.

[0176] In this embodiment, the first data are first modulated into complex modulation symbols (e.g., M first data are modulated into M / 2 first complex modulation symbols), and then recombination and interpolation operations are performed on the complex modulation symbols to obtain M first complex modulation symbols.

[0177] In the process of recombining the real part and the imaginary part of the second complex modulation symbol, any two second complex modulation symbols can be recombined. This operation does not limit how to generate M / 2 third complex modulation symbols based on the second complex modulation symbol in the process of generating the third complex modulation symbol, as long as the receiving side agrees to demodulate. For example, the corresponding third complex modulation symbol can be generated based on adjacent second complex modulation symbols, the number of adjacent second complex modulation symbols can be at least two, and the number of adjacent second complex modulation symbols can be even; or the corresponding third complex modulation symbol can be generated based on the second complex modulation symbol selected according to a set rule. The set rule can be the second complex modulation symbol at the set position.

[0178] For example, the adjacent second complex modulation symbols can be d'(k) and d'((k+1)mod M / 2). In the process of recombining to obtain the third complex modulation symbol, the real part and the imaginary part of d'(k) and d'((k+1)mod M / 2) can be recombined to obtain the third complex modulation symbol. For example, the imaginary part of the former symbol d'(k) and the real part of the latter symbol d'((k+1)mod M / 2) in the adjacent second complex modulation symbol constitute the corresponding third complex modulation symbol. The third complex modulation symbol constituted by the real part of the former symbol d'(k) and the imaginary part of the latter symbol d'((k+1)mod M / 2) in the adjacent second complex modulation symbol.

[0179] This embodiment inserts a third complex modulation symbol between d'(k) and d'((k+1)mod M / 2), realizes the summary of the second complex modulation symbol and the third complex modulation symbol, and obtains the first complex modulation symbol.

[0180] In one embodiment, the recombination of the real part and the imaginary part of the second complex modulation symbol to obtain M / 2 third complex modulation symbols includes:

[0181] The third complex modulation symbol is combined using the imaginary part of d'(k) and the real part of d'((k+1)mod M / 2).

[0182] This embodiment can use the imaginary part of d'(k) as the third complex modulation symbol obtained by combination, also known as the imaginary part of the corresponding third complex modulation symbol, and use the real part of d'((k+1)mod M / 2) as the real part of the corresponding third complex modulation symbol.

[0183] In one embodiment, the recombination of the real part and the imaginary part of the second complex modulation symbol to obtain M / 2 third complex modulation symbols includes:

[0184] The third complex modulation symbol is obtained by combining the real part of d'(k) and the imaginary part of d'((k+1)mod M / 2).

[0185] The embodiment can also use the real part of d'(k) as the real part of the third complex modulation symbol obtained by combination, and use the imaginary part of d'((k+1)mod M / 2) as the imaginary part of the third complex modulation symbol.

[0186] In one embodiment, the first data is generated by channel coding the third data.

[0187] The first data in the embodiment is data generated by channel coding the third data bits (also referred to as third bit data). The embodiment can modulate the channel-coded data to obtain the first complex modulation symbol.

[0188] In one embodiment, the processing of the first complex modulation symbol includes:

[0189] performing M-point discrete Fourier transform (DFT) on the M first complex modulation symbols to obtain frequency domain data of M subcarriers;

[0190] mapping the frequency domain data to corresponding subcarrier positions;

[0191] performing N-point inverse discrete Fourier transform (IFFT) on the data carried by the subcarriers to obtain a first communication signal.

[0192] The first communication signal is a time-domain communication signal. In the embodiment, the first complex modulation symbol can be a complex modulation symbol directly generated after modulation, or can be a first complex modulation symbol obtained after further processing after modulation.

[0193] The first complex modulation symbol is processed by DFT, subcarrier mapping, and IFFT to generate the first communication signal.

[0194] The first communication signal can be directly transmitted after mixing, or can be processed, mixed, and then transmitted. The processing means is not limited here.

[0195] In one embodiment, the modulation symbol processing method further includes:

[0196] adding a cyclic prefix to the first communication signal to obtain a second communication signal, mixing and transmitting the second communication signal; or

[0197] adding a guard interval to the first communication signal to obtain a third communication signal, mixing and transmitting the third communication signal; or

[0198] mixing and transmitting the first communication signal.

[0199] The first communication signal can be mixed after adding a cyclic prefix and then transmitted, or mixed after adding a guard interval and then transmitted, or mixed and then transmitted.

[0200] In one example embodiment, the application also provides a modulation symbol processing method. FIG. 3a is a flow diagram of another modulation symbol processing method provided by an embodiment of the application. The modulation symbol processing method in this embodiment is applied to the case of processing modulation symbols, such as demodulating complex modulation symbols. The modulation symbol processing method can be executed by a modulation symbol processing apparatus, which can be implemented by software and / or hardware. The modulation symbol processing apparatus can be integrated on a second communication node, which can be a receiving side of complex modulation symbols, such as a terminal device. The details of this embodiment not described above can be referred to the above-described embodiments, which will not be described here.

[0201] As shown in FIG. 3a, the modulation symbol processing method provided by the application includes the following steps:

[0202] S310, obtaining M fourth complex modulation symbols generated by M first data, wherein M is a positive integer, and each of the M fourth complex modulation symbols is determined by two first data.

[0203] The fourth complex modulation symbol can correspond to the first complex modulation symbol of the sending side. The fourth complex modulation symbol can be a modulation symbol obtained by processing the received signal by the second communication node, and the processing means is not limited, such as mixing the received signal, removing CP, N-point FFT, selecting M subcarriers to carry data, performing frequency domain equalization, and obtaining the modulation symbol after M-point IDFT; or mixing the received signal, removing CP, N-point FFT, selecting M subcarriers to carry data, performing frequency domain equalization, and obtaining the modulation symbol after M-point IDFT. The above operations are not limited, such as the operation of removing CP, which can also be the operation of removing GI.

[0204] The M fourth complex modulation symbols of this operation are generated by M first data, and each fourth complex modulation symbol is generated by two first data in the M first data.

[0205] S320, processing the fourth complex modulation symbol.

[0206] After obtaining the fourth complex modulation symbol in this embodiment, the demodulation means for processing the fourth complex modulation symbol can be determined based on the rule for generating the fourth complex modulation symbol, which is not limited here. Taking the fourth complex modulation symbol obtained by interpolation as an example, the fourth complex modulation symbol can be divided, and then the divided complex modulation symbol can be combined and power normalized.

[0207] The modulation symbol processing method provided in the embodiments of the present application, after obtaining the fourth complex modulation symbol, performs processing on the fourth complex symbol, and realizes processing on the complex modulation symbol received side modulated by the modulation mode shown in Fig. 1 of the present application.

[0208] On the basis of the above-mentioned embodiments, a variant embodiment of the above-mentioned embodiments is proposed, and it needs to be explained here that, in order to make the description brief, only the differences from the above-mentioned embodiments are described in the variant embodiment.

[0209] In one embodiment, the fourth complex modulation symbol is obtained by performing one of the following operations on the fifth complex modulation symbol:

[0210] Complex coefficient multiplication;

[0211] Cyclic shift;

[0212] Complex coefficient multiplication and cyclic shift.

[0213] In the present embodiment, the fifth complex modulation symbol is multiplied by a complex coefficient to obtain the fourth complex modulation symbol, or the fifth complex modulation symbol is cyclically shifted to obtain the fourth complex modulation symbol, or the fifth complex modulation symbol is multiplied by a complex coefficient and then cyclically shifted to obtain the fourth complex modulation symbol, or the fifth complex modulation symbol is cyclically shifted and then multiplied by a complex coefficient to obtain the fourth complex modulation symbol.

[0214] In one embodiment, the fourth complex modulation symbol includes a sixth complex modulation symbol and a seventh complex modulation symbol, the seventh complex modulation symbol is a complex modulation symbol obtained by recombining the sixth complex modulation symbol, and the fourth complex modulation symbol is a complex modulation symbol obtained by inserting the seventh complex modulation symbol into the sixth complex modulation symbol;

[0215] The seventh complex modulation symbol is merged into the sixth complex modulation symbol to obtain a merged symbol;

[0216] The merged symbol is power normalized to obtain an eighth complex modulation symbol;

[0217] The eighth complex modulation symbol is demodulated to obtain first data.

[0218] In the present application, processing the fourth complex modulation symbol includes:

[0219] The M fourth complex modulation symbols are divided into two groups of complex modulation symbols according to odd and even positions, and the two groups of complex modulation symbols include a seventh complex modulation symbol and a sixth complex modulation symbol;

[0220] merge the real part or the imaginary part of the seventh complex modulation symbol to the sixth complex modulation symbol to obtain a merged symbol;

[0221] normalize the power of the merged symbol to obtain an eighth complex modulation symbol;

[0222] demodulate the eighth complex modulation symbol according to QPSK to obtain M first data.

[0223] The first complex modulation symbol generated by the modulation symbol processing method provided in the embodiments of the present application is processed and transmitted, and is received and parsed by a second communication node to obtain a fourth complex modulation symbol.

[0224] The means of dividing the fourth complex modulation symbol is not limited here, for example, the seventh complex modulation symbol is selected from the fourth complex modulation symbol based on the position of the inserted seventh complex modulation symbol to divide the fourth complex modulation symbol into the sixth complex modulation symbol and the seventh complex modulation symbol. The number of complex modulation symbols (such as the first complex modulation symbol, the second complex modulation symbol, the third complex modulation symbol, the fourth complex modulation symbol, the fifth complex modulation symbol, the sixth complex modulation symbol, the seventh complex modulation symbol, and the eighth complex modulation symbol) in the present application can be at least two.

[0225] In one embodiment, the fourth complex modulation symbol is divided into two groups of complex modulation symbols according to odd bits and even bits, the complex modulation symbol of the odd bit can be the seventh complex modulation symbol, and the complex modulation symbol of the even bit can be the sixth complex modulation symbol. For example, the complex modulation symbol of the even bit can be the seventh complex modulation symbol, and the complex modulation symbol of the odd bit can be the sixth complex modulation symbol.

[0226] In one embodiment, the even bits of the fourth complex modulation symbol are taken to obtain the sixth complex modulation symbol, and the odd bits of the fourth complex modulation symbol are taken to obtain the seventh complex modulation symbol.

[0227] In one embodiment, the odd bits of the fourth complex modulation symbol are taken to obtain the sixth complex modulation symbol, and the even bits of the fourth complex modulation symbol are taken to obtain the seventh complex modulation symbol.

[0228] In the embodiment, the seventh complex modulation symbol is merged into the sixth complex modulation symbol, the merging of the seventh complex modulation symbol and the sixth complex modulation symbol is realized, and a merged symbol is obtained after merging.

[0229] The operation does not limit the merging means, as long as it corresponds to the means of recombining complex modulation symbols, for example, the real part and the imaginary part of the seventh complex modulation symbol are merged into the corresponding sixth complex modulation symbol.

[0230] In one embodiment, the real part or the imaginary part of the seventh complex modulation symbol is combined to the real part or the imaginary part of the sixth complex modulation symbol.

[0231] In one embodiment, the sixth complex modulation symbol is combined to a previous seventh complex modulation symbol and a next seventh complex modulation symbol to obtain a combined symbol. The sixth complex modulation symbol can be the sixth complex modulation symbol at the 2k-th position, the previous seventh complex modulation symbol can be the seventh complex modulation symbol at the (2k-1) mod M-th position, and the next seventh complex modulation symbol can be the seventh complex modulation symbol at the 2k+1-th position. k=0, 1, …, M / 2-1.

[0232] The eighth complex modulation symbol can be generated by power normalization of the combined symbol.

[0233] The power normalization operation is not limited here, such as power normalization based on the number of combined real and imaginary parts.

[0234] In one embodiment, the seventh complex modulation symbol is combined to the sixth complex modulation symbol, and the real part of the combined symbol includes the real part of the seventh complex modulation symbol and the real part of the sixth complex modulation symbol. Therefore, when power normalization is performed, the real part of the seventh complex modulation symbol can be added to the real part of the sixth complex modulation symbol and then divided by 2. The value of the denominator in the division by 2 is determined by the number of real parts included in the combined symbol. For example, if the number of the denominator is equal to the number of real parts included in the combined symbol, the number can be 2, 4, 6, ….

[0235] In one embodiment, the seventh complex modulation symbol is combined to the sixth complex modulation symbol, and the imaginary part of the combined symbol includes the imaginary part of the seventh complex modulation symbol and the imaginary part of the sixth complex modulation symbol. Therefore, when power normalization is performed, the imaginary part of the seventh complex modulation symbol can be added to the imaginary part of the sixth complex modulation symbol and then divided by 2.

[0236] In one embodiment, the real part of the seventh complex modulation symbol at the (2k-1) mod M-th position is added to the real part of the sixth complex modulation symbol at the 2k-th position and then divided by 2, and the result is taken as the real part of the eighth complex modulation symbol. The imaginary part of the seventh complex modulation symbol at the 2k+1-th position is added to the imaginary part of the sixth complex modulation symbol at the 2k-th position and then divided by 2, and the result is taken as the imaginary part of the eighth complex modulation symbol to obtain the eighth complex modulation symbol.

[0237] In one embodiment, the imaginary part of the seventh complex modulation signal of the (2k-1) mod M bits is added to the imaginary part of the sixth complex modulation signal of the 2k bit, and the result is divided by 2, and the result is taken as the imaginary part of the eighth complex modulation signal, the real part of the seventh complex modulation signal of the 2k+1 bit is added to the real part of the sixth complex modulation signal of the 2k bit, and the result is divided by 2, and the result is taken as the real part of the eighth complex modulation signal, to obtain the eighth complex modulation signal.

[0238] In one embodiment, the real part of the seventh complex modulation signal is merged into the real part of the previous sixth complex modulation signal, and the imaginary part of the seventh complex modulation signal is merged into the imaginary part of the next sixth complex modulation signal, and it is defined that the 0th bit is the next bit of the (M-1)th bit.

[0239] In one embodiment, the imaginary part of the seventh complex modulation signal is merged into the imaginary part of the previous sixth complex modulation signal, and the real part of the seventh complex modulation signal is merged into the real part of the next sixth complex modulation signal, and it is defined that the 0th bit is the next bit of the (M-1)th bit.

[0240] The embodiment demodulates the eighth complex modulation signal to obtain first data, which can be data to be transmitted, or channel decoding is performed on the first data to obtain third data, such as third bit data. The third data can be data to be transmitted. The third data can be data obtained by demodulation. The third bit data can be data composed of one bit by one bit.

[0241] The operation after demodulation can be first data or soft information of the first data. Soft information refers to information related to non-deterministic, probabilistic or reliability of data.

[0242] In one embodiment, the fifth complex modulation signal is divided into two groups of complex modulation signals, including:

[0243] The even bits of the fifth complex modulation signal are taken to obtain the sixth complex modulation signal, and the odd bits of the fifth complex modulation signal are taken to obtain the seventh complex modulation signal.

[0244] The embodiment obtains the sixth complex modulation signal by taking the even bits of the fifth complex modulation signal, and obtains the seventh complex modulation signal by taking the odd bits of the fifth complex modulation signal. For example, the sixth complex modulation signal includes d”(k), k=0, 2, 4,..., and the seventh complex modulation signal includes d”(k), k=1, 3, 5,.... When k is equal to M-1, if M-1 is odd, it is contained in the seventh complex modulation signal, and if M-1 is even, it is contained in the sixth complex modulation signal.

[0245] In one embodiment, the seventh complex modulation signal is merged into the sixth complex modulation signal to obtain a merged symbol, including:

[0246] the seventh complex modulation signal of the (2k-1) mod M bit is combined to the sixth complex modulation symbol of the 2k bit, and the seventh complex modulation symbol of the 2k+1 bit is combined to the sixth complex modulation symbol of the 2k bit;

[0247] wherein k=0, 1,..., M / 2-1.

[0248] The embodiment combines the seventh complex modulation signal of the (2k-1) mod M bit and the seventh complex modulation symbol of the 2k+1 bit to the sixth complex modulation symbol of the 2k bit. For example, the real part of the seventh complex modulation signal of the (2k-1) mod M bit and the imaginary part of the seventh complex modulation symbol of the 2k+1 bit are combined to the sixth complex modulation symbol of the 2k bit; or for example, the imaginary part of the seventh complex modulation signal of the (2k-1) mod M bit and the real part of the seventh complex modulation symbol of the 2k+1 bit are combined to the sixth complex modulation symbol of the 2k bit.

[0249] The combining means can be directly adding the corresponding parts. For example, adding the real parts and adding the imaginary parts.

[0250] In one embodiment, the combining the seventh complex modulation signal of the (2k-1) mod M bit to the sixth complex modulation symbol of the 2k bit, and the seventh complex modulation symbol of the 2k+1 bit to the sixth complex modulation symbol of the 2k bit comprises:

[0251] combining the real part of the seventh complex modulation signal of the (2k-1) mod M bit to the real part of the sixth complex modulation symbol of the 2k bit, and combining the imaginary part of the seventh complex modulation symbol of the 2k+1 bit to the imaginary part of the sixth complex modulation symbol of the 2k bit; or

[0252] combining the imaginary part of the seventh complex modulation signal of the (2k-1) mod M bit to the imaginary part of the sixth complex modulation symbol of the 2k bit, and combining the real part of the seventh complex modulation symbol of the 2k+1 bit to the real part of the sixth complex modulation symbol of the 2k bit.

[0253] The embodiment combines the real part of the seventh complex modulation signal d”((2k-1) mod M) of the (2k-1) mod M bit to the real part of the sixth complex modulation symbol d”(2k) of the 2k bit, and combines the imaginary part of the seventh complex modulation symbol d”(2k+1) of the 2k+1 bit to the imaginary part of d”(2k). Or, combines the imaginary part of the seventh complex modulation signal d”((2k-1) mod M) of the (2k-1) mod M bit to the imaginary part of the sixth complex modulation symbol d”(2k) of the 2k bit, and combines the real part of the seventh complex modulation symbol d”(2k+1) of the 2k+1 bit to the real part of d”(2k).

[0254] In one embodiment, the fourth complex modulation symbol is generated by the following steps:

[0255] performing N-point FFT on the fourth communication signal to obtain frequency domain data, selecting M frequency domain data carried by M subcarriers from the frequency domain data, and performing M-point IDFT on the M frequency domain data to obtain the fourth complex modulation symbol.

[0256] or performing N-point FFT on the fourth communication signal to obtain frequency domain data, and selecting M frequency domain data carried by M subcarriers from the frequency domain data to obtain the fourth complex modulation symbol.

[0257] In one embodiment, the fourth communication signal corresponds to the first communication signal. The second communication node receives the fourth communication signal after the first communication signal is transmitted by the first communication node.

[0258] In one embodiment, the fourth communication signal is a communication signal obtained by removing a cyclic prefix or a guard interval from a baseband received signal; or the fourth communication signal is the baseband received signal.

[0259] The baseband received signal can be a baseband signal received by the second communication node. The fourth communication signal can be a communication signal obtained by removing a GI or a CP from the baseband received signal. The fourth communication signal can also be the baseband received signal.

[0260] In one embodiment, the method for processing modulation symbols further comprises:

[0261] performing signal channel decoding on the first data to obtain third bit data.

[0262] The first data can be channel-encoded data. In this embodiment, the first data is channel-decoded to obtain third bit data, so as to complete data transmission between the first communication node and the second communication node. The third bit data can be data composed of bits, and is a form of the third data.

[0263] In one embodiment, the present application provides a method for receiving and processing a communication signal. First, a received signal is mixed, and then a CP is removed. N-point FFT is performed on the signal after the CP is removed, and data carried by corresponding M subcarriers is selected and subjected to frequency domain equalization. M-point IDFT is performed on the data after the frequency domain equalization to obtain M received complex modulation symbols. The real and imaginary parts of the M received complex modulation symbols are combined, for example, a fourth complex modulation symbol is divided into two groups of complex modulation symbols, the two groups of complex modulation symbols include a sixth complex modulation symbol and a seventh complex modulation symbol, the seventh complex modulation symbol is combined onto the sixth complex modulation symbol to obtain a combined symbol.

[0264] The combining of the real and imaginary parts can be combining the real and imaginary parts of M received complex modulation symbols into the real and imaginary parts of M / 2 combined complex modulation symbols. Corresponding to the interpolation method of the above embodiment, the real or imaginary part of the odd bit of the M received complex modulation symbols can be combined into the corresponding even bit (e.g., the seventh complex modulation symbol is combined into the sixth complex modulation symbol), to obtain the combined M / 2 received complex modulation symbols. In addition, power normalization is also needed for the combined complex modulation symbols (i.e., the combined symbols) according to the combination, to obtain M / 2 power normalized received complex modulation symbols, such as the eighth complex modulation symbol. Demodulation is performed on the M / 2 received complex modulation symbols, to obtain reconstructed data bits or soft information, such as the first data. If the transmitting side does not use channel coding, the reconstructed data bits are the transmitted data bits. If the transmitting side uses channel coding, further channel decoding is needed for the reconstructed data bits or soft information, to obtain the transmitted data bits.

[0265] After receiving the signal, the embodiment performs mixing, CP removal, N-point FFT, subcarrier selection, frequency domain equalization, real and imaginary part combination, power normalization, and demodulation processing to obtain data bits or soft information.

[0266] In the generation and transmission mode of CP-OFDM, CP needs to be added before mixing and transmission. In future communication systems, the case without adding CP can also be considered. At this time, the operation of CP removal is not needed at the receiving end. In addition, if the transmitting end adds GI, the operation of GI removal (i.e., removing GI) is needed at the receiving end.

[0267] If the interpolated modulation symbol at the transmitting end is multiplied by a complex coefficient, or is arbitrarily cyclically shifted, the corresponding operation is needed at the receiving end, such as multiplying by the inverse of the complex coefficient, or performing the opposite cyclic shift.

[0268] In one embodiment, the application provides a specific implementation method of real part and imaginary part combination and power normalization. The complex modulation symbol before combination is d"(i), i=0, 1,..., M-1. The complex modulation symbol before combination is divided into two groups d"(2k) and d"(2k+1), k=0, 1,..., M / 2-1. In the operation of the transmitting end, it can be found that the real part and the imaginary part of d"(2k+1) are generated by the real part and the imaginary part of d"(2k) remapping. In the receiving side, the real part and the imaginary part of d"(2k+1) need to be combined into d"(2k) to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the receiving. Figure 3b is a schematic diagram of the implementation of the real part and the imaginary part combination and the power normalization in the receiving side according to an embodiment of the application. Referring to Figure 3b, the imaginary part of the previous bit d"((2k-1) mod M) of d"(2k) is combined into the imaginary part of d"(2k), the real part of the next bit d"(2k+1) of d"(2k) is combined into the real part of d"(2k) (for example, the imaginary part of the seventh complex modulation signal of the (2k-1) mod M bit is combined into the imaginary part of the sixth complex modulation symbol of the 2k bit, the real part of the seventh complex modulation signal of the 2k+1 bit is combined into the real part of the sixth complex modulation symbol of the 2k bit), and the combined result is multiplied by the power normalization coefficient 1 / 2 (i.e. the eighth complex modulation symbol is obtained by implementing the power normalization of the combined symbol), then d"(2k) is restored to the QPSK complex modulation symbol, the QPSK modulation symbol is demodulated, and the transmitted bit data is obtained.

[0269] In one embodiment, the application provides a specific implementation method of real and imaginary part combination and power normalization. The complex modulation symbol before combination is d" (i), i=0, 1,..., M-1. The complex modulation symbol before combination is divided into two groups d"(2k) and d"(2k+1), k=0, 1,..., M / 2-1. In the operation of the transmitting end, it can be found that the real and imaginary parts of d'(2k+1) are generated by the real and imaginary parts of d'(2k) remapping. At the receiving side, the real and imaginary parts of d'(2k+1) need to be combined into d'(2k) to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the received signal. Figure 3c is a schematic diagram of another implementation of real and imaginary part combination and power normalization at the receiving side provided by an embodiment of the application. Referring to Figure 3c, for the real and imaginary part combination at the receiving side, the real part of the previous bit d"((2k-1) mod M) of d"(2k) is combined into the real part of d"(2k), the imaginary part of the next bit d"(2k+1) of d"(2k) is combined into the imaginary part of d"(2k) (for example, the real part of the seventh complex modulation signal of the (2k-1) mod M bit is combined into the real part of the sixth complex modulation symbol of the 2k bit, and the imaginary part of the seventh complex modulation signal of the 2k+1 bit is combined into the imaginary part of the sixth complex modulation symbol of the 2k bit), and the combined result is multiplied by the power normalization coefficient 1 / 2, then d"(2k) is restored to a complex modulation symbol, the modulation symbol is demodulated, and the transmitted bit data is obtained.

[0270] The application is exemplarily described below. The modulation symbol processing method provided by the application can be considered as a low peak-to-average ratio communication signal generation and transmission method. The application is exemplarily described as follows:

[0271] In one embodiment, the application provides a communication signal generation and transmission method. It is assumed that there are M-bit data bits b(i), such as the first data, which need to be transmitted, where i=0, 1, 2,..., M-1. The data bits can be original data bits without encoding or data bits after channel encoding. First, b(i) is modulated into M complex modulation symbols d(i), such as the first complex modulation symbol, using the following formula:

[0272] The first complex modulation symbol is processed, which can be M-point DFT of M complex modulation symbols to obtain M transformed and precoded complex modulation symbols. The M transformed and precoded complex modulation symbols are mapped to corresponding subcarriers, and then N-point IFFT is performed on data carried by the subcarriers to obtain a time domain communication signal (for example, M-point discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is performed on the M first complex modulation symbols to obtain frequency domain data of M subcarriers; the frequency domain data is mapped to corresponding subcarrier positions; and N-point inverse discrete Fourier transform (IFFT) is performed on data carried by the subcarriers to obtain a first communication signal). A CP is added to the time domain communication signal, and then the time domain communication signal is mixed to a radio frequency for transmission (for example, a cyclic prefix is added to the first communication signal to obtain a second communication signal, and the second communication signal is mixed and transmitted). In this way, a transmission signal with extremely low peak-to-average ratio can be generated and transmitted.

[0273] FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of a method for generating and transmitting a communication signal according to an embodiment of the present application. Referring to FIG. 4, M-bit data bits b(i) are modulated by the following formula:

[0274] Then, M-point DFT, subcarrier mapping, N-point IFFT, CP addition, mixing and transmission are performed to realize communication signal, such as transmission of the second communication signal.

[0275] In one embodiment, when M is even, M-bit data bits b(i) are modulated by the following formula:

[0276] When M is odd, for example, a multi-tone mode of narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) supports three-carrier transmission,

[0277] M-bit data bits b(i) are modulated by the following formula:

[0278] In the generation and transmission mode of DFT-s-OFDM, a CP needs to be added before mixing and transmission. In future communication systems, the case without adding a CP can also be considered. For example, a guard interval is added before mixing and transmission (for example, a protection interval is added to the first communication signal to obtain a third communication signal, and the third communication signal is mixed and transmitted), or the mixing and transmission are directly performed (for example, the first communication signal is mixed and transmitted).

[0279] In one embodiment, the application provides a method for generating and transmitting a communication signal. Assuming that M-bit data bits b(i) such as first data need to be transmitted, where i=0, 1, 2, …, M-1, the data bits can be original data bits without encoding or data bits after channel encoding. First, b(i) is modulated into M complex modulation symbols d(i) such as first complex modulation symbols using the following formula:

[0280] The first complex modulation symbols can be M-point DFT of the M complex modulation symbols to obtain M transformed and precoded complex modulation symbols. The M transformed and precoded complex modulation symbols are mapped to corresponding subcarriers, and N-point IFFT is performed on the data carried by the subcarriers to obtain a time-domain communication signal (for example, M-point discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is performed on the first complex modulation symbols to obtain frequency-domain data of M subcarriers; the frequency-domain data is mapped to corresponding subcarrier positions; and N-point inverse discrete Fourier transform (IFFT) is performed on the data carried by the subcarriers to obtain a first communication signal). CP is added to the time-domain communication signal, and then frequency mixing is performed to transmit at a radio frequency. In this way, a transmission signal with extremely low peak-to-average ratio can be generated and transmitted.

[0281] FIG. 5 is a flowchart of another method for generating and transmitting a communication signal according to an embodiment of the application. As shown in FIG. 5, M-bit data bits b(i) are modulated by the following formula:

[0282] Then, M-point DFT, subcarrier mapping, N-point IFFT, CP addition, frequency mixing, and transmission are performed to implement the transmission of a communication signal such as a second communication signal.

[0283] In one embodiment, when M is even, M-bit data bits b(i) are modulated by the following formula:

[0284] The NB-IoT optional multi-tone mode supports three-carrier transmission. When M is odd, M-bit data bits b(i) are modulated by the following formula:

[0285] In the generation and transmission method of the DFT-s-OFDM, a CP needs to be added before mixing and transmitting. In the future communication system, the case without adding the CP can also be considered. For example, a GI is added before mixing and transmitting (for example, a guard interval is added to the first communication signal to obtain a third communication signal, and the third communication signal is mixed and transmitted), or the mixing and transmitting are directly performed (for example, the first communication signal is mixed and transmitted).

[0286] In one embodiment, the present application provides a generation and transmission method of a communication signal. It is assumed that M data bits b(i) (for example, first data) need to be transmitted, where i = 0, 1, 2, …, M-1. The data bits can be original data bits without encoding or data bits after channel encoding.

[0287] Firstly, the M data bits b(i) are repeated to obtain 2M repeated data bits. In order to make the finally generated communication signal have a low peak-to-average ratio, the 2M repeated data bits need to be reordered (for example, the M first data are repeated and reordered to obtain 2M second data) so that the reordered repeated data bits satisfy the following property: when the reordered repeated data bits are connected at the head and tail, two repeated data bits always appear with one data bit in between. Satisfying this property can greatly reduce the peak-to-average ratio of the finally transmitted signal.

[0288] The reordered repeated data bits are QPSK modulated to obtain M complex modulation symbols (for example, the 2M second data are modulated in a quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) manner to obtain first complex modulation symbols). The M complex modulation symbols are subjected to M-point DFT to obtain M transformed and precoded complex modulation symbols. The M transformed and precoded complex modulation symbols are mapped to corresponding subcarriers, and the data carried by the subcarriers are subjected to N-point IFFT to obtain a time-domain communication signal (for example, the M first complex modulation symbols are subjected to M-point discrete Fourier transform (DFT) to obtain frequency-domain data of M subcarriers; the frequency-domain data are mapped to corresponding subcarrier positions; and the data carried by the subcarriers are subjected to N-point inverse discrete Fourier transform (IFFT) to obtain a first communication signal). A CP is added to the time-domain communication signal, and the time-domain communication signal is mixed to a radio frequency for transmission (for example, a cyclic prefix is added to the first communication signal to obtain a second communication signal, and the second communication signal is mixed and transmitted).

[0289] FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of another generation and transmission method of a communication signal provided by an embodiment of the present application. Referring to FIG. 4, M data bits b(i) are repeated, reordered, QPSK modulated, subjected to M-point DFT, mapped to subcarriers, subjected to N-point IFFT, added with a CP, mixed, and transmitted to implement the transmission of a communication signal, for example, a second communication signal.

[0290] In the generation and transmission mode of DFT-s-OFDM, a CP needs to be added before mixing and transmission. In future communication systems, the case without adding a CP can also be considered. For example, a GI is added before mixing and transmission (e.g., a guard interval is added to the first communication signal to obtain a third communication signal, and the third communication signal is mixed and transmitted), or mixing and transmission are directly performed (e.g., the first communication signal is mixed and transmitted).

[0291] In one embodiment, the application provides a specific implementation of reordering. FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an implementation of reordering provided by an embodiment of the application. The embodiment can divide the reordering process into two steps, such as reordering operation as one-bit left circular shift and exchange at a specific position. For example, the first step is to perform one-bit circular shift to the left on the repeated data bits, and the second step is to exchange the 4n+2th bit and the 4n+3th bit of the repeated data bits after circular shift, where n = 0, 1,..., M / 2-1. The sequence after the two-step operation can satisfy the properties required by the repeated data bits after reordering in the above embodiment, and a communication signal with very low peak-to-average ratio can be obtained. Referring to FIG. 7, taking 7-bit first data b(0), b(1), b(2), b(3), b(4), b(5), b(6), b(7) as an example, b(0), b(1), b(2), b(3), b(4), b(5), b(6), b(7) are repeated, such as twice repetition, to obtain b(0), b(0), b(1), b(1), b(2), b(2), b(3), b(3), b(4), b(4), b(5), b(5), b(6), b(6), b(7), b(7), and then circularly shifted to the left by one bit to obtain b(0), b(1), b(1), b(2), b(2), b(3), b(3), b(4), b(4), b(5), b(5), b(6), b(6), b(7), b(7), b(0). Finally, the 4n+2th bit and the 4n+3th bit are exchanged to obtain b(0), b(1), b(2), b(1), b(2), b(3), b(4), b(3), b(4), b(5), b(6), b(5), b(6), b(7), b(0), b(7).

[0292] In one embodiment, the application provides a specific implementation of reordering. Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of another implementation of reordering provided by the application. The process of reordering can be divided into two steps, for example, the reordering operation is a left circular shift of one bit, and the exchange of specific positions. In the first step, the repeated data bits are circularly shifted to the left by one bit. In the second step, the 4n+2 bit and the (4n-1) mod 2M bit of the repeated data bits after circular shift are exchanged, and the 4n+3 bit and the (4n+6) mod 2M bit of the repeated data bits after circular shift are exchanged, where n = 0, 1,..., M / 2-1. The sequence after the two steps can satisfy the properties required by the repeated data bits after reordering in the above embodiments, and a communication signal with very low peak-to-average ratio can be obtained. Referring to Figure 8, taking the first data b(0), b(1), b(2), b(3), b(4), b(5), b(6), b(7) as an example, b(0), b(1), b(2), b(3), b(4), b(5), b(6), b(7) are repeated, for example, doubled, to obtain b(0), b(0), b(1), b(1), b(2), b(2), b(3), b(3), b(4), b(4), b(5), b(5), b(6), b(6), b(7), b(7). Then, circular shift is performed, for example, left circular shift by one bit, to obtain b(0), b(1), b(1), b(2), b(2), b(3), b(3), b(4), b(4), b(5), b(5), b(6), b(6), b(7), b(7), b(0). Then, the 4n+2 bit and the (4n-1) mod 2M bit are exchanged, and the 4n+3 bit and the (4n+6) bit are exchanged to obtain b(0), b(1), b(0), b(3), b(2), b(3), b(2), b(5), b(4), b(5), b(4), b(7), b(6), b(7), b(6), b(1).

[0293] In one embodiment, the application provides a method for generating and transmitting a communication signal. Assume that there are M data bits b(i) to be transmitted, where i = 0, 1, 2,..., M-1. The data bits can be original data bits without encoding or data bits after channel encoding.

[0294] Firstly, M data bits b(i) are QPSK modulated to obtain M / 2 initial complex modulation symbols, also referred to as second complex modulation symbols, the M / 2 initial complex modulation symbols are real part and imaginary part interpolated to obtain M first complex modulation symbols, and the M first data are modulated in the QPSK manner to obtain M / 2 second complex modulation symbols; the real part and the imaginary part of the second complex modulation symbols are recombined to obtain M / 2 third complex modulation symbols; the third complex modulation symbols are inserted between d'(k) and d'((k+1)mod M / 2) to obtain the M first complex modulation symbols.

[0295] The real part and imaginary part interpolation process is that the real part and the imaginary part of the M / 2 initial complex modulation symbols are recombined to obtain M / 2 recombined complex modulation symbols, such as the third complex modulation symbols, the M / 2 recombined complex modulation symbols are inserted between two adjacent complex modulation symbols in the M / 2 initial complex modulation symbols (such as the third complex modulation symbols are inserted between d'(k) and d'((k+1)mod M / 2) to obtain the M first complex modulation symbols), and the M / 2-1th initial complex modulation symbol and the 0th initial complex modulation symbol are also regarded as two adjacent complex modulation symbols. The adjacent complex modulation symbols defined here can be generally denoted as d'(k) and d'((k+1)mod M / 2), k=0, 1,..., M / 2-1.

[0296] The M first complex modulation symbols are subjected to M-point DFT to obtain M transformed and precoded complex modulation symbols. The M transformed and precoded complex modulation symbols are mapped to corresponding subcarriers, and then the data carried by the subcarriers are subjected to N-point IFFT to obtain a time domain communication signal (such as the M first complex modulation symbols are subjected to M-point discrete Fourier transform (DFT) to obtain frequency domain data of M subcarriers; the frequency domain data are mapped to corresponding subcarrier positions; and the data carried by the subcarriers are subjected to N-point inverse discrete Fourier transform (IFFT) to obtain a first communication signal). A CP is added to the time domain communication signal, and then the time domain communication signal is mixed to a radio frequency for transmission, such as a cyclic prefix is added to the first communication signal to obtain a second communication signal, and the second communication signal is mixed and transmitted.

[0297] FIG. 9 is a flow diagram of a communication signal generation and transmission method provided by an embodiment of the application; referring to FIG. 9, M data bits b(i) are subjected to QPSK modulation, real part and imaginary part interpolation (also referred to as real part and imaginary part interpolation), M-point DFT, subcarrier mapping, N-point IFFT, CP addition, mixing and transmission, to realize transmission of a communication signal, such as transmission of a second communication signal.

[0298] In the generation and transmission mode of DFT-s-OFDM, a CP needs to be added before mixing and transmission. In future communication systems, the case without adding a CP can also be considered. For example, a GI is added before mixing and transmission (e.g., a guard interval is added to the first communication signal to obtain a third communication signal, and the third communication signal is mixed and transmitted), or the first communication signal is directly mixed and transmitted.

[0299] In one embodiment, the present embodiment provides a specific implementation of real and imaginary interpolation. FIG. 10 is an implementation diagram of real and imaginary interpolation provided by the present embodiment. Adjacent complex modulation symbols can be generally denoted as d'(k) and d'((k+1)mod M / 2), k=0, 1,..., M / 2-1. j*Im{d'(k)}+Re{d'((k+1)mod M / 2)} is inserted between adjacent complex modulation symbols (e.g., a third complex modulation symbol is inserted between d'(k) and d'((k+1)mod M / 2), and the third complex modulation symbol is obtained by combining the imaginary part of d'(k) and the real part of d'((k+1)mod M / 2)). Here, Im{·} is an imaginary part operation, and Re{·} is a real part operation. The advantage of this is that at least one of the real part and the imaginary part of adjacent symbols in the complex modulation symbol after interpolation (e.g., the first complex modulation symbol) is the same, thereby greatly reducing the peak-to-average ratio. Referring to FIG. 10, d'(k) and d'((k+1)mod M / 2) are real and imaginary interpolated, the imaginary part of d'(k) is taken, and the real part of d'((k+1)mod M / 2) is taken to form a corresponding third complex modulation symbol. The third complex modulation symbol is located between d'(k) and d'((k+1)mod M / 2).

[0300] In one embodiment, the present application provides a specific implementation of real and imaginary interpolation. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating another implementation of real and imaginary interpolation according to an embodiment of the present application. The adjacent complex modulation symbols can be generally denoted as d'(k) and d'((k+1) mod M / 2), k = 0, 1,..., M / 2-1. The Re{d'(k)} + j*Im{d'((k+1) mod M / 2)} is inserted between d'(k) and d'((k+1) mod M / 2) (e.g., the third complex modulation symbol is inserted between d'(k) and d'((k+1) mod M / 2), and the third complex modulation symbol is generated by combining the real part of d'(k) and the imaginary part of d'((k+1) mod M / 2)). The benefit of this is that at least one of the real part and the imaginary part of the adjacent symbols in the complex modulation symbol after interpolation (e.g., the first complex modulation symbol) is the same, which can greatly reduce the peak-to-average ratio. Referring to FIG. 11, d'(k) and d'((k+1) mod M / 2) are interpolated in real and imaginary parts, the imaginary part of d'(k) is taken, and the imaginary part of d'((k+1) mod M / 2) is taken to form a corresponding third complex modulation symbol. The third complex modulation symbol is located between d'(k) and d'((k+1) mod M / 2).

[0301] In one embodiment, the present application provides a processing method of the first complex modulation symbol. A uniform complex coefficient α can be added to the first complex modulation symbol to uniformly scale and rotate the modulation symbol. In one embodiment, M first data are modulated into M first complex modulation symbols multiplied by the complex coefficient by using the following formula:

[0302] From the perspective of power normalization, the modulus of α should be 1. At this time, α can be written as The above formula becomes

[0303] In addition, arbitrary cyclic shift can also be performed. Assuming that the shift value is s, when s > 0, the cyclic shift is to the right, and when s < 0, the cyclic shift is to the left. In one embodiment, M first data are modulated into M first complex modulation symbols subjected to cyclic shift by using the following formula:

[0304] The multiplication of the complex coefficient and the cyclic shift can be applied to the foregoing embodiments at the same time. The generation formula can be changed to

[0305] The embodiment takes a modulation mode of M first complex modulation symbols as an example for description. In the present application, all the modes of determining the first complex modulation symbols can adopt the mode of multiplication by the complex coefficient and cyclic shift for processing.

[0306] In one embodiment, the M first data are modulated into M first complex modulation symbols multiplied by the complex coefficient by the following formula:

[0307] In one embodiment, the M first data are modulated into M first complex modulation symbols multiplied by the complex coefficient by the following formula:

[0308] In one embodiment, the M first data are modulated into M first complex modulation symbols multiplied by the complex coefficient by the following formula:

[0309] In one embodiment, the M first data are modulated into M first complex modulation symbols multiplied by the complex coefficient by the following formula:

[0310] In one embodiment, the M first data are modulated into M first complex modulation symbols multiplied by the complex coefficient by the following formula:

[0311] In one embodiment, the M first data are modulated into M first complex modulation symbols multiplied by the complex coefficient by the following formula:

[0312] In one exemplary embodiment, the present application provides a modulation symbol processing apparatus, and FIG. 12 is a structural schematic diagram of a modulation symbol processing apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present application. The modulation symbol processing apparatus can be integrated on a first communication node, and the modulation symbol processing apparatus comprises:

[0313] A modulation module 1200 is configured to modulate M first data into M first complex modulation symbols, wherein M is a positive integer, and each of the first complex modulation symbols is determined by two first data.

[0314] A processing module 1210 is configured to process the first complex modulation symbols.

[0315] The modulation symbol processing apparatus provided by the embodiment is used for implementing the modulation symbol processing method of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and the implementation principle and technical effects of the modulation symbol processing apparatus provided by the embodiment are similar to those of the modulation symbol processing method of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, which will not be described herein.

[0316] On the basis of the above-mentioned embodiments, variant embodiments of the above-mentioned embodiments are proposed, and it needs to be explained that, in order to make the description brief, only the differences from the above-mentioned embodiments are described in the variant embodiments.

[0317] In one embodiment, the processing module 1210 is specifically configured to:

[0318] The first complex modulation symbol is multiplied by a complex coefficient, or is circularly shifted, or is multiplied by a complex coefficient and circularly shifted.

[0319] In one embodiment, the modulation module 1200 comprises a first generating unit configured to:

[0320] b(i) and b((i+1)mod M) are taken as the real part and the imaginary part respectively or are taken as the imaginary part and the real part respectively to generate the corresponding d(i);

[0321] Wherein, b(i) is the ith first data, d(i) is the ith first complex modulation symbol, i=0, 1, …, M-1.

[0322] In one embodiment, the first generating unit is specifically configured to:

[0323] The corresponding d(i) is generated according to the following formula:

[0324] In one embodiment, the modulation module 1200 comprises a second generating unit configured to:

[0325] In the case where M is an even number, if i is an odd number, b(i) and b((i+1)mod M) are taken as the imaginary part and the real part respectively to generate the corresponding d(i); otherwise, b(i) and b(i+1) are taken as the real part and the imaginary part respectively to generate the corresponding d(i);

[0326] Wherein, b(i) is the ith first data, d(i) is the ith first complex modulation symbol, i=0, 1, …, M-1.

[0327] In one embodiment, the second generating unit is specifically configured to:

[0328] The corresponding d(i) is generated according to the following formula:

[0329] In one embodiment, the modulation module 1200 comprises a third generating unit configured to:

[0330] In the case that M is an odd number, if i is an odd number, b(i) and b(i+1) are taken as the imaginary part and the real part respectively to generate the corresponding d(i); otherwise, b(i) and b((i+1)mod M) are taken as the real part and the imaginary part respectively to generate the corresponding d(i).

[0331] wherein b(i) is the ith first data, and d(i) is the ith first complex modulation symbol, i=0, 1, …, M-1.

[0332] In one embodiment, the third generating unit is specifically configured to:

[0333] The corresponding d(i) is generated according to the following formula:

[0334] In one embodiment, the modulation module 1200 comprises a fourth generating unit configured to:

[0335] The corresponding d(i) is generated according to the following formula:

[0336] wherein b(i) is the ith first data, and d(i) is the ith first complex modulation symbol, i=0, 1, …, M-1.

[0337] In one embodiment, the fourth generating unit is specifically configured to:

[0338] The corresponding d(i) is generated according to the following formula:

[0339] In one embodiment, the modulation module 1200 comprises a fifth generating unit configured to:

[0340] In the case that M is an even number, if i is an odd number, b(i-1) and b((i+2)mod M) are taken as the real part and the imaginary part respectively to generate the corresponding d(i); otherwise, b(i) and b(i+1) are taken as the real part and the imaginary part respectively to generate the corresponding d(i).

[0341] wherein b(i) is the ith first data, and d(i) is the ith first complex modulation symbol, i=0, 1, …, M-1.

[0342] In one embodiment, the fifth generating unit is specifically configured to:

[0343] The corresponding d(i) is generated according to the following formula:

[0344] In one embodiment, the modulation module 1200 comprises a sixth generating unit configured to:

[0345] In the case where M is an odd number, if i is an odd number, d(i) is generated according to b(i-1) and b((i+2)mod M) as the real part and the imaginary part respectively; otherwise, d(i) is generated according to b(i) and b((i+1)mod M) as the real part and the imaginary part respectively.

[0346] wherein b(i) is the ith first data, d(i) is the ith first complex modulation symbol, i=0, 1, …, M-1.

[0347] In one embodiment, the sixth generating unit is specifically configured to:

[0348] d(i) is generated according to the following formula:

[0349] In one embodiment, the modulation module 1200 is specifically configured to:

[0350] The M first data are repeated and reordered to obtain 2M second data.

[0351] The 2M second data are modulated in a quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) manner to obtain the first complex modulation symbol.

[0352] In one embodiment, the 2M second data satisfy the following property: when the reordered second data are connected at the head and the tail, two repeated data bits always appear with one data bit in between.

[0353] In one embodiment, the reordering operation comprises left circular shift by one bit and exchange at a specific position.

[0354] In one embodiment, the modulation module 1200 comprises:

[0355] The modulation unit is configured to modulate the M first data in a QPSK manner to obtain M / 2 second complex modulation symbols.

[0356] The combination unit is configured to recombine the real part and the imaginary part of the second complex modulation symbols to obtain M / 2 third complex modulation symbols.

[0357] The insertion unit is configured to insert the third complex modulation symbols between d'(k) and d'((k+1)mod M / 2) to obtain the M first complex modulation symbols.

[0358] wherein d'(k) is the kth second complex modulation symbol, k=0, 1, …, M / 2-1.

[0359] In one embodiment, the combining unit is specifically configured to:

[0360] The third complex modulation symbol is combined using the imaginary part of d'(k) and the real part of d'((k+1)mod M / 2).

[0361] In one embodiment, the combining unit is specifically configured to:

[0362] The third complex modulation symbol is combined using the real part of d'(k) and the imaginary part of d'((k+1)mod M / 2).

[0363] In one embodiment, the first data is generated by channel encoding the third data.

[0364] In one embodiment, the processing module 1210 is specifically configured to:

[0365] performing M-point discrete Fourier transform (DFT) on the M first complex modulation symbols to obtain frequency domain data of M subcarriers;

[0366] mapping the frequency domain data to corresponding subcarrier positions;

[0367] performing N-point inverse discrete Fourier transform (IFFT) on data carried by the subcarriers to obtain a first communication signal.

[0368] In one embodiment, the modulation symbol processing apparatus further includes a transmitting module configured to:

[0369] adding a cyclic prefix to the first communication signal to obtain a second communication signal, and performing frequency mixing and transmitting the second communication signal; or

[0370] adding a guard interval to the first communication signal to obtain a third communication signal, and performing frequency mixing and transmitting the third communication signal; or

[0371] performing frequency mixing and transmitting the first communication signal.

[0372] In one example embodiment, the embodiments of the present application also provide a modulation symbol processing apparatus, and FIG. 13 is a structural schematic diagram of another modulation symbol processing apparatus provided by the embodiments of the present application. The modulation symbol processing apparatus can be integrated on a second communication node, as shown in FIG. 13, the modulation symbol processing apparatus includes:

[0373] an obtaining module 1300 configured to obtain M fourth complex modulation symbols generated by M first data, wherein M is a positive integer, and each of the M fourth complex modulation symbols is determined by two first data;

[0374] a processing module 1310 configured to process the fourth complex modulation symbols.

[0375] The modulation symbol processing apparatus provided in the embodiment is used to implement the modulation symbol processing method of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3a. The implementation principle and technical effects of the modulation symbol processing apparatus provided in the embodiment are similar to those of the modulation symbol processing method of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3a, and thus are not described here.

[0376] In an example embodiment, the embodiment of the application further provides a first communication node, and FIG. 14 is a structural schematic diagram of the first communication node provided by the embodiment of the application. As shown in FIG. 14, the first communication node provided by the embodiment of the application includes one or more processors 141 and a storage device 142. The processor 141 in the first communication node can be one or more, and FIG. 14 takes one processor 141 as an example. The storage device 142 is configured to store one or more programs. The one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors 141, so that the one or more processors 141 implement the modulation symbol processing method as described in the embodiments of the application.

[0377] The first communication node further includes a communication device 143, an input device 144, and an output device 145.

[0378] The processor 141, the storage device 142, the communication device 143, the input device 144, and the output device 145 in the first communication node can be connected through a bus or other means, and FIG. 14 takes the connection through the bus as an example.

[0379] The input device 144 can be used to receive input digital or character information, and generate key signal input related to user settings and function control of the first communication node. The output device 145 can include a display device such as a display screen.

[0380] The communication device 143 can include a receiver and a transmitter. The communication device 143 is configured to perform information receiving and transmitting communication according to the control of the processor 141.

[0381] The storage device 142, as a computer readable storage medium, can be configured to store software programs, computer executable programs and modules, such as program instructions / modules corresponding to the modulation symbol processing method (for example, the modulation module 1200 and the processing module 1210 in the modulation symbol processing apparatus) described in the embodiments of the present application. The storage device 142 can include a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area can store an operating system and application programs required by at least one function; the data storage area can store data created according to the use of the first communication node, etc. In addition, the storage device 142 can include a high-speed random access memory, and can also include a non-volatile memory, such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other non-volatile solid-state memory device. In some examples, the storage device 142 can further include a memory disposed remotely with respect to the processor 141, and these remote memories can be connected to the first communication node through a network. Examples of the above network include, but are not limited to, the Internet, an intranet, a local area network, a mobile communication network, and a combination thereof.

[0382] In one example embodiment, the embodiments of the present application also provide a second communication node, and FIG. 15 is a structural schematic diagram of a second communication node provided by the embodiments of the present application. As shown in FIG. 15, the second communication node provided by the present application includes one or more processors 151 and a storage device 152; the processor 151 in the second communication node can be one or more, and FIG. 15 takes one processor 151 as an example; the storage device 152 is configured to store one or more programs; the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors 151, so that the one or more processors 151 implement the modulation symbol processing method as described in the embodiments of the present application.

[0383] The second communication node further includes a communication device 153, an input device 154 and an output device 155.

[0384] The processor 151, the storage device 152, the communication device 153, the input device 154 and the output device 155 in the second communication node can be connected through a bus or other means, and FIG. 15 takes the connection through the bus as an example.

[0385] The input device 154 can be used to receive input digital or character information, and to generate key signal input related to user settings and function control of the second communication node. The output device 155 can include a display device such as a display screen.

[0386] The communication device 153 can include a receiver and a transmitter. The communication device 153 is configured to perform information receiving and transmitting communication according to the control of the processor 151.

[0387] The storage device 152, as a computer readable storage medium, can be configured to store software programs, computer executable programs and modules, such as program instructions / modules corresponding to the modulation symbol processing method (for example, the acquisition module 1300 and the processing module 1310 in the modulation symbol processing apparatus) according to the embodiments of the present application. The storage device 152 can include a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area can store an operating system and at least one application required by a function; the data storage area can store data created according to the use of the second communication node, and the like. In addition, the storage device 152 can include a high-speed random access memory, and can also include a non-volatile memory, such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other non-volatile solid-state memory device. In some examples, the storage device 152 can further include a memory disposed remotely with respect to the processor 151, and these remote memories can be connected to the second communication node through a network. Examples of the above network include, but are not limited to, the Internet, an intranet, a local area network, a mobile communication network, and a combination thereof.

[0388] In one example embodiment, the embodiments of the present application also provide a storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements any of the methods of the present application, and the storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the modulation symbol processing method according to any of the embodiments of the present application. For example, the modulation symbol processing method applied to the first communication node includes: modulating M first data into M first complex modulation symbols, wherein M is a positive integer, and each of the first complex modulation symbols is determined by two first data;

[0389] Processing the first complex modulation symbols.

[0390] The modulation symbol processing method applied to the second communication node includes: acquiring M fourth complex modulation symbols generated by M first data, wherein M is a positive integer, and each of the M fourth complex modulation symbols is determined by two first data

[0391] Processing the fourth complex modulation symbols.

[0392] The computer storage medium of the embodiments of the present application can adopt any combination of one or more computer readable media. The computer readable medium can be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. The computer readable storage medium may, for example, but is not limited to, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, device or apparatus, or any combination thereof. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer readable storage medium include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), a flash memory, an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the above. The computer readable storage medium can be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that can be used by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus or device.

[0393] The computer readable signal medium can include a data signal propagated in baseband or propagated as a carrier wave in a propagated data signal, in which the computer readable program code is contained. Such propagated data signal can take a variety of forms, including but not limited to electro-magnetic, optical or any suitable combination thereof. The computer readable signal medium can also be any computer readable medium that is not a storage medium and that can communicate, propagate or transport program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus or device.

[0394] The program code contained on the computer readable medium can be transmitted using any suitable medium, including but not limited to wireless, wire line, optical fiber cable, radio frequency (RF), or any suitable combination thereof.

[0395] Computer program code for carrying out operations of the present application can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, Smalltalk, C++ or the like, and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The program code can execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer can be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection can be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider).

[0396] The specific embodiments described hereinabove are illustrative of specific embodiments of the present application and are not meant to be limiting of the scope of the application.

[0397] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the term terminal device encompasses any suitable type of wireless user device, such as a mobile phone, a portable data processing apparatus, a portable web browser, or a vehicle-mounted mobile station.

[0398] In general, the various embodiments of the application can be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. For example, some aspects can be implemented in hardware, while other aspects can be implemented in

[0399] Embodiments of the application can be implemented by computer program instructions executed by a data processing apparatus of a mobile device, for example in a processor entity, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. The computer program instructions can be in the form of assembly instructions, instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, state-setting data, or in any combination of one or more programming languages, written in any combination of one or more of a plurality of programming languages.

[0400] The block diagrams of any logical flow of the present application in the accompanying drawings can represent program steps or can represent interconnected logic circuits, modules, and functions, or can represent a combination of program steps and logic circuits, modules, and functions. The computer program can be stored on a memory. The memory can have any type suitable for the local technical environment and can be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as, but not limited to, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an optical storage device, and a system (a digital video disc (DVD) or a compact disc (CD)), and the like. The computer readable media can include a non-transitory storage media. The data processor can be of any type suitable for the local technical environment, and can include, but is not limited to, a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), and a processor based on multi-core processor architecture.

[0401] A detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the present application has been provided above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, various modifications and changes can be made to the above embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present application, which is defined by the appended claims. Accordingly, the proper scope of the present application is determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for processing modulation symbols, comprising modulating M first data into M first complex modulation symbols, wherein, M is a positive integer, each of the first complex modulation symbols is determined by two first data; processing the first complex modulation symbols.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The processing the first complex modulation symbols comprises: multiplying the first complex modulation symbols by a complex coefficient, or cyclically shifting, or both multiplying by a complex coefficient and cyclically shifting.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, The modulating the M first data into M first complex modulation symbols comprises: generating a corresponding d(i) by taking b(i) and b((i+1)mod M) as real part and imaginary part, or imaginary part and real part, respectively; wherein b(i) is the ith first data, d(i) is the ith first complex modulation symbol, i = 0, 1,..., M-1.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein, The generating a corresponding d(i) by taking b(i) and b((i+1)mod M) as real part and imaginary part, or imaginary part and real part, respectively, comprises: The corresponding d(i) is generated according to the following equation:

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, The modulating the M first data into M first complex modulation symbols comprises: in the case that M is even, generating a corresponding d(i) by taking b(i) and b((i+1)mod M) as imaginary part and real part, respectively, in response to i being odd; otherwise, generating a corresponding d(i) by taking b(i) and b(i+1) as real part and imaginary part, respectively; wherein b(i) is the ith first data, d(i) is the ith first complex modulation symbol, i = 0, 1,..., M-1.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein, The generating a corresponding d(i) by taking b(i) and b((i+1)mod M) as imaginary part and real part, respectively, in the case that M is even, in response to i being odd; otherwise, generating a corresponding d(i) by taking b(i) and b(i+1) as real part and imaginary part, respectively, comprises: The corresponding d(i) is generated according to the following equation:

7. The method of claim 1, wherein, The modulating the M first data into M first complex modulation symbols comprises: in the case that M is odd, generating a corresponding d(i) by taking b(i) and b(i+1) as imaginary part and real part, respectively, in response to i being odd; otherwise, generating a corresponding d(i) by taking b(i) and b((i+1)mod M) as real part and imaginary part, respectively; wherein b(i) is the ith first data, d(i) is the ith first complex modulation symbol, i = 0, 1,..., M-1.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein, The generating a corresponding d(i) by taking b(i) and b(i+1) as imaginary part and real part, respectively, in the case that M is odd, in response to i being odd; The corresponding d(i) is generated according to the following equation:

9. The method of claim 1, wherein, otherwise, generating a corresponding d(i) by taking b(i) and b((i+1)mod M) as real part and imaginary part, respectively, comprises: The modulating the M first data into M first complex modulation symbols comprises: generating a corresponding d(i) by taking b(i) and b((i+1)mod M) as real part and imaginary part, or b(i-1) and b((i+2)mod M) as real part and imaginary part, respectively, based on the value of i; wherein b(i) is the ith first data, d(i) is the ith first complex modulation symbol, i = 0, 1,..., M-1.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein, The generating the corresponding d(i) based on the value of i, taking b(i) and b((i+1)mod M) as real and imaginary parts respectively, or taking b(i-1) and b((i+2)mod M) as real and imaginary parts respectively, comprises: The corresponding d(i) is generated according to the following equation:

11. The method of claim 1, wherein, The modulating the M first data into M first complex modulation symbols comprises: In the case that M is even, in response to i being odd, generating the corresponding d(i) by taking b(i-1) and b((i+2)mod M) as real and imaginary parts respectively; otherwise, generating the corresponding d(i) by taking b(i) and b(i+1) as real and imaginary parts respectively. The modulating the M first data into M first complex modulation symbols comprises:

12. The method of claim 11, wherein, In the case that M is even, in response to i being odd, generating the corresponding d(i) by taking b(i-1) and b((i+2)mod M) as real and imaginary parts respectively; otherwise, generating the corresponding d(i) by taking b(i) and b(i+1) as real and imaginary parts respectively. The corresponding d(i) is generated according to the following equation:

13. The method of claim 1, wherein, The modulating the M first data into M first complex modulation symbols comprises: In the case that M is odd, in response to i being odd, generating the corresponding d(i) by taking b(i-1) and b((i+2)mod M) as real and imaginary parts respectively; otherwise, generating the corresponding d(i) by taking b(i) and b((i+1)mod M) as real and imaginary parts respectively. The modulating the M first data into M first complex modulation symbols comprises:

14. The method of claim 13, wherein, In the case that M is odd, in response to i being odd, generating the corresponding d(i) by taking b(i-1) and b((i+2)mod M) as real and imaginary parts respectively; otherwise, generating the corresponding d(i) by taking b(i) and b((i+1)mod M) as real and imaginary parts respectively. The corresponding d(i) is generated according to the following equation:

15. The method of claim 1, wherein, The modulating the M first data into M first complex modulation symbols comprises: Repeating and reordering the M first data to obtain 2M second data; Modulating the 2M second data in a manner of quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) to obtain the first complex modulation symbols.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein, The 2M second data satisfy the following property: connecting the reordered second data at the head and tail, two repeated data bits always appear with an interval of one data.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein, The reordering operation comprises left circular shift by one bit and exchange at a specific position.

18. The method of claim 1, wherein, The modulating the M first data into M first complex modulation symbols comprises: Modulating the M first data in a manner of QPSK to obtain M / 2 second complex modulation symbols; Recombinating real and imaginary parts of the second complex modulation symbols to obtain M / 2 third complex modulation symbols; Inserting the third complex modulation symbols between d'(k) and d'((k+1)mod M / 2) to obtain the M first complex modulation symbols; The modulating the M first data into M first complex modulation symbols comprises: In the case that M is even, in response to i being odd, generating the corresponding d(i) by taking b(i-1) and b((i+2)mod M) as real and imaginary parts respectively; otherwise, generating the corresponding d(i) by taking b(i) and b(i+1) as real and imaginary parts respectively. The modulating the M first data into M first complex modulation symbols comprises: In the case that M is odd, in response to i being odd, generating the corresponding d(i) by taking b(i-1) and b((i+2)mod M) as real and imaginary parts respectively; otherwise, generating the corresponding d(i) by taking b(i) and b((i+1)mod M) as real and imaginary parts respectively. The modulating the M first data into M first complex modulation symbols comprises: In the case that M is odd, in response to i being odd, generating the corresponding d(i) by taking b(i-1) and b((i+2)mod M) as real and imaginary parts respectively; otherwise, generating the corresponding d(i) by taking b(i) and b((i+1)mod M) as real and imaginary parts respectively. The modulating the M first data into M first complex modulation symbols comprises: Repeating and reordering the M first data to obtain 2M second data; Modulating the 2M second data in a manner of quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) to obtain the first complex modulation symbols. The 2M second data satisfy the following property: connecting the reordered second data at the head and tail, two repeated data bits always appear with an interval of one data. The reordering operation comprises left circular shift by one bit and exchange at a specific position. The modulating the M first data into M first complex modulation symbols comprises: Modulating the M first data in a manner of QPSK to obtain M / 2 second complex modulation symbols; Recombinating real and imaginary parts of the second complex modulation symbols to obtain M / 2 third complex modulation symbols; Inserting the third complex modulation symbols between d'(k) and d'((k+1)mod M / 2) to obtain the M first complex modulation symbols; The modulating the M first data into M first complex modulation symbols comprises: In the case that M is even, in response to i being odd, generating the corresponding d(i) by taking b(i-1) and b((i+2)mod M) as real and imaginary parts respectively; otherwise, generating the corresponding d(i) by taking b(i) and b(i+1) as real and imaginary parts respectively. The modulating the M first data into M first complex modulation symbols comprises: In the case that M is odd, in response to i being odd, generating the corresponding d(i) by taking b(i-1) and b((i+2)mod M) as real and imaginary parts respectively; otherwise, generating the corresponding d(i) by taking b(i) and b((i+1)mod M) as real and imaginary parts respectively.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein, The recombining the real part and the imaginary part of the second complex modulation symbol to obtain M / 2 third complex modulation symbols comprises: a third complex modulation symbol is obtained by combining the imaginary part of d'(k) and the real part of d'((k+1)mod M / 2).

20. The method of claim 18, wherein, The recombining the real part and the imaginary part of the second complex modulation symbol to obtain M / 2 third complex modulation symbols comprises: a third complex modulation symbol is obtained by combining the real part of d'(k) and the imaginary part of d'((k+1)mod M / 2).

21. The method of claim 1, wherein, The first data is generated by channel encoding the third data.

22. The method of claim 1, wherein, The processing the first complex modulation symbol comprises: performing M-point discrete Fourier transform (DFT) on the M first complex modulation symbols to obtain frequency domain data of M subcarriers; mapping the frequency domain data to corresponding subcarrier positions; performing N-point inverse discrete Fourier transform (IFFT) on the data carried by the subcarriers to obtain the first communication signal.

23. The method of claim 22, further comprising: adding a cyclic prefix to the first communication signal to obtain a second communication signal, and performing frequency mixing and transmitting the second communication signal; or adding a guard interval to the first communication signal to obtain a third communication signal, and performing frequency mixing and transmitting the third communication signal; or performing frequency mixing and transmitting the first communication signal.

24. A modulation symbol processing method, comprising: obtaining M fourth complex modulation symbols generated by M first data, wherein M is a positive integer, and each of the M fourth complex modulation symbols is determined by two first data; processing the fourth complex modulation symbol.

25. A first communication node, comprising: one or more processors; a storage device storing one or more programs; when the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement the method of any one of claims 1-23.

26. A second communication node, comprising: one or more processors; a storage device storing one or more programs; when the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement the method of claim 24.

27. A storage medium storing a computer program, the computer program being executed by a processor to implement the method of any one of claims 1-24. ​

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