Handling of sensing UE mobility
The CN entities manage UE mobility by handling network entity switches through message exchanges and relocation requests, ensuring continuous connectivity and sensing in advanced wireless communication systems.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/143438
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-27
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-23
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in managing network entity changes due to user equipment (UE) mobility, particularly in high-quality wireless connectivity and sensing scenarios, such as smart industry and next-generation vehicular networks, where seamless handovers and accurate sensing functions are required.
The proposed solution involves CN entities that manage UE mobility by receiving and transmitting messages with UE identifiers and IP addresses to support seamless switching of network entities, including AMF and UPF relocation, and triggering UE relocation requests to maintain continuous connectivity and sensing capabilities.
This approach ensures seamless network entity switching during UE mobility, maintaining high-quality wireless connectivity and sensing functions, thereby supporting advanced applications like smart industry and vehicular networks.
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Figure CN2024143438_23102025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
HANDLING OF SENSING UE MOBILITYTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to core network (CN) entities, methods, apparatuses, processors, and computer readable medium for handling of sensing user equipment (UE) mobility.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations, which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication devices, such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (B5G) (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .
[0003] For many emerging applications (such as smart industry, next-generation vehicular networks, remote health-caring) , high-quality wireless connectivity and high-accuracy sensing capability are required. It is foreseeable that future wireless networks (e.g. B5G and 6G) will surpass traditional communication and provide sensing functions, especially location and environment-aware functions. Therefore, the research on the theme of integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) is increasing rapidly.
[0004] The connected network entities may change or switch due to UE’s mobility. For example, the UE may hand over from a source base station to a target base station. Accordingly, one or multiple of access management function (AMF) , sensing function (SF) , or user plane function (UPF) may change or switch, details of which should be studied.SUMMARY
[0005] The present disclosure relates to CN entities, methods, apparatuses, processors, and computer readable medium for handling of UE mobility. According to the proposed solution, the switch of network entities due to UE mobility are supported.
[0006] In some implementations, there is provided a first CN entity. The first CN entity comprises at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the first CN entity to: receive, from a first network entity, a first message comprising a UE identifier (ID) and a UE context, wherein the first network entity comprises one of a second SF or an AMF; and transmit, to a second network entity, a second message comprising UE information and an internet protocol (IP) address of a first SF, wherein the first CN entity comprises the first SF.
[0007] In some implementations, there is provided a second CN entity. The second CN entity comprises at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the second CN entity to: receive, from a third network entity, a third message comprising a UE ID and an IP address of a first SF; and perform, based on the third message, one of the following: informing a UPF to perform IP address replacement, informing the UPF and the UE of SF switch, or triggering a UPF relocation.
[0008] In some implementations, there is provided a third CN entity. The third CN entity comprises at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the third CN entity to: transmit, to an SF, a UE relocation request for triggering a relocation from a second AMF to a first AMF, wherein the UE relocation request comprises a UE ID, and wherein the third CN entity comprises one of the first AMF or the second AMF; and receive, from the SF, a UE relocation response.
[0009] In some implementations, there is provided a method performed by the first CN entity. The method comprises: receiving, from a first network entity, a first message comprising a UE ID and a UE context, wherein the first network entity comprises one of a second SF or an AMF; and transmitting, to a second network entity, a second message comprising UE information and an IP address of a first SF, wherein the first CN entity comprises the first SF.
[0010] In some implementations, there is provided a method performed by the second CN entity. The method comprises: receiving, from a third network entity, a third message comprising a UE ID and an IP address of a first SF; and performing, based on the third message, one of the following: informing a UPF to perform IP address replacement, informing the UPF and the UE of SF switch, or triggering a UPF relocation.
[0011] In some implementations, there is provided a method performed by the third CN entity. The method comprises: transmitting, to an SF, a UE relocation request for triggering a relocation from a second AMF to a first AMF, wherein the UE relocation request comprises a UE ID, and wherein the third CN entity comprises one of the first AMF or the second AMF; and receiving, from the SF, a UE relocation response.
[0012] In some implementations, there is provided a processor for wireless communication. The processor comprises at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: receive, from a first network entity, a first message comprising a UE ID and a UE context, wherein the first network entity comprises one of a second SF or an AMF; and transmit, to a second network entity, a second message comprising UE information and an IP address of a first SF, wherein the first CN entity comprises the first SF.
[0013] In some implementations, there is provided a processor for wireless communication. The processor comprises at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: receive, from a third network entity, a third message comprising a UE ID and an IP address of a first SF; and perform, based on the third message, one of the following: informing a UPF to perform IP address replacement, informing the UPF and the UE of SF switch, or triggering a UPF relocation.
[0014] In some implementations, there is provided a processor for wireless communication. The processor comprises at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: transmit, to an SF, a UE relocation request for triggering a relocation from a second AMF to a first AMF, wherein the UE relocation request comprises a UE ID, and wherein the third CN entity comprises one of the first AMF or the second AMF; and receive, from the SF, a UE relocation response.
[0015] In some implementations of the methods, the first CN entity described herein, further comprising: determining to apply a user plane solution based on the UE context.
[0016] In some implementations of the methods, the first CN entity described herein, further comprising: setting a UE IP address as a destination IP address of a downlink IP packet, where the second network entity is the UE, and the UE information comprises the UE IP address.
[0017] In some implementations of the methods, the first CN entity described herein, further comprising: in accordance with a determination that an SF switch happens based on the UE context, transmitting the second message to the second network entity.
[0018] In some implementations of the methods, the second CN entity described herein, further comprising: transmitting, to the UPF, a fourth message comprising at least one of the following for replacement: a session ID, a flow ID, an indication for replacing a destination IP address of an uplink packet with the IP address of the first SF, an indication for replacing a destination port number of the uplink packet with a port number of the first SF, an indication for replacing a source IP address of a downlink packet with an IP address of a second SF, or an indication for replacing a source port number of the downlink packet with a port number of the second SF.
[0019] In some implementations of the methods, the second CN entity described herein, further comprising: determining the IP address of the second SF and / or the port number of the second SF based on the third message.
[0020] In some implementations of the methods, the second CN entity described herein, further comprising: transmitting, to the UPF, a fifth message comprising at least one of the following: a session ID, a flow ID, the IP address of the first SF as a destination IP address for uplink packet and as a source IP address for downlink packet, or a port number of the first SF as a destination port number for uplink packet and as a source port number for downlink packet; and transmitting, to the UE, a sixth message comprising at least one of the following: a session ID, a flow ID, the IP address of the first SF, or the port number of the first SF.
[0021] In some implementations of the methods, the second CN entity described herein, further comprising: transmitting, to the UE, a PDU session release message comprising an IP address of the first SF.
[0022] In some implementations of the methods, the third CN entity described herein, further comprising: receiving, from the UE, a tracking area update message; transmitting, to the second AMF, a UE context request; and receiving, from the second AMF, a UE context response comprising the UE ID and SF information of the SF, wherein the third CN entity comprises the first AMF.
[0023] In some implementations of the methods, the third CN entity described herein, further comprising: receiving, from the second AMF, a create UE context request comprising the UE ID and SF information of the SF; and transmitting, to the second AMF, a create UE context response comprising N2 information for the second AMF to send a handover command to a corresponding base station, wherein the third CN entity comprises the first AMF.
[0024] In some implementations of the methods, the third CN entity described herein, further comprising: receiving, from the first AMF, a UE context request; and transmitting, to the first AMF, a UE context response comprising the UE ID and SF information of the SF, wherein the third CN entity comprises the second AMF.
[0025] In some implementations of the methods, the third CN entity described herein, further comprising: receiving, from a corresponding base station, a handover request; transmitting, to the first AMF, a create UE context request comprising the UE ID and SF information of the SF; receiving, from the first AMF, a create UE context response comprising N2 information for the second AMF to send a handover command to the corresponding base station; and transmitting, to the corresponding base station, the handover command based on the N2 information, wherein the third CN entity comprises the second AMF.
[0026] In some implementations of the methods, the first CN entity, the second CN entity, the third CN entity, and the methods described herein, the UE context comprises at least one of the following: a UE IP address, session management function (SMF) information of an SMF, a user plane solution indication, an SF switch indication which indicates a switch from the second SF to the first SF, or SF information of the second SF.
[0027] In some implementations of the methods, the first CN entity, the second CN entity, the third CN entity, and the methods described herein, the second message further comprises at least one of the following: a port number of the first SF, or an SF switch indication which indicates a switch from the second SF to the first SF.
[0028] In some implementations of the methods, the first CN entity, the second CN entity, the third CN entity, and the methods described herein, the second network entity is the SMF which is determined based on the SMF information in the UE context.
[0029] In some implementations of the methods, the first CN entity, the second CN entity, the third CN entity, and the methods described herein, the first network entity is the AMF, and wherein the second message further comprises: an indication of SF IP address change.
[0030] In some implementations of the methods, the first CN entity, the second CN entity, the third CN entity, and the methods described herein, the third message further comprises at least one of the following: a port number of the first SF, an SF switch indication which indicates a switch from a second SF to the first SF, or an indication of SF IP address change.
[0031] In some implementations of the methods, the first CN entity, the second CN entity, the third CN entity, and the methods described herein, the third network entity is an AMF, and wherein the third message further comprises at least one of the following: a PDU session ID for sensing, or a sensing indication.
[0032] In some implementations of the methods, the first CN entity, the second CN entity, the third CN entity, and the methods described herein, the PDU session release message further comprises at least one of the following: a port number of the first SF, or a cause indication indicating that a PDU session re-establishment to the first SF is required.
[0033] In some implementations of the methods, the first CN entity, the second CN entity, the third CN entity, and the methods described herein, the UE relocation response comprises one of the following: the UE ID, sensing capability information, information of at least one ongoing sensing task, or a sensing UE mobility pattern.
[0034] In some implementations of the methods, the first CN entity, the second CN entity, the third CN entity, and the methods described herein, the UE relocation request further comprises one of the following: an AMF switch indication which indicates a switch from the second AMF to the first AMF, or AMF information of the other one of the first AMF or the second AMF.
[0035] In some implementations of the methods, the first CN entity, the second CN entity, the third CN entity, and the methods described herein, the third CN entity comprises the first AMF, and wherein the UE relocation request is used to request the SF to create a UE context or to create a sensing management policy for the UE.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0036] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0037] FIG. 2A illustrates an example architecture of an enhanced 5G network with sensing function;
[0038] FIG. 2B illustrates an example schematic diagram of user plane protocol for sensing PDU session between a UE and an SF or SF-user plane (SF-U) ;
[0039] FIG. 3A illustrates an example schematic diagram of an example communication network in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0040] FIG. 3B illustrates a signalling chart illustrating communication process associated with FIG. 3A in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0041] FIG. 4A illustrates an example schematic diagram of an example communication network in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0042] FIG. 4B illustrates a signalling chart illustrating communication process associated with FIG. 4A in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0043] FIG. 4C illustrates another signalling chart illustrating communication process associated with FIG. 4A in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0044] FIG. 5A illustrates an example schematic diagram of an example communication network in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0045] FIG. 5B illustrates a signalling chart illustrating communication process associated with FIG. 5A in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0046] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a device that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0047] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a processor that is suitable for implementing some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0048] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of an example method implemented at a first CN entity in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0049] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of an example method implemented at a second CN entity in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; and
[0050] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of an example method implemented at a third CN entity in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0051] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0052] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below. In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0053] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0054] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms. In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatuses are referred to as “best, ” “lowest, ” “highest, ” “minimum, ” “maximum, ” or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0055] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a, ” “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises, ” “comprising, ” “has, ” “having, ” “includes” and / or “including, ” when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, components and / or the like, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof. For example, the term “includes” and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean “includes, but is not limited to. ” The term “based on” is to be read as “based at least in part on. ” The term “one embodiment” and “an embodiment” are to be read as “at least one embodiment. ” The term “another embodiment” is to be read as “at least one other embodiment. ” The use of an expression such as “A and / or B” can mean either “only A” or “only B” or “both A and B. ” Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0056] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities 102 (also referred to as network equipment (NE) ) , one or more UEs 104, a core network (CN) 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as a long term evolution (LTE) network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as a new radio (NR) network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0057] The one or more network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a radio access network (RAN) , a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
[0058] A network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, message, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0059] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100.
[0060] The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in FIG. 1. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the CN 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in FIG. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100.
[0061] A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink (SL) . For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0062] A network entity 102 may support communications with the CN 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the CN 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N3, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the CN 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) . In some implementations, the network entity 102 may be a satellite 102a, there may be full or part of eNB / gNB on board. A communication link 110 between the satellite 102a and the UE 104, a communication link 110 between the satellite 102a and a BS 102, and a communication link 116 between the BS 102 and the CN 106 may be used for the NTN transparent mode. A communication link 110 between the satellite 102a and the UE 104, and a communication link 116 between the satellite 102a (with BS on board) and the CN 106 may be used for the NTN regenerative mode.
[0063] In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.
[0064] An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0065] Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU.
[0066] Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .
[0067] A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-C, F1-U) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0068] The CN 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The CN 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as registration management, mobility management, connection management, access authentication / authorization etc. for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the CN 106. As illustrated, some CN functions in the CN 106 may be deployed on a satellite 102b, for example, one or multiple CN functions may be on board. For example, the CN 106 with some CN functions on board may be referred to as a satellite-based core network.
[0069] The CN 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N3, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the CN 106 via a network entity 102. The CN 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the CN 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the CN 106) .
[0070] In the wireless communications system 100, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0071] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0072] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0073] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0074] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0075] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0076] The "5G-Advanced communication and sensing network architecture research report" published by IMT-2020 (5G) promotion group in 2022 is research about ISAC. A Sensing Function (SF) is introduced to enable sensing in the 5G system (5GS) network. FIG. 2A illustrates an example architecture 210 of an enhanced 5G network with sensing function. The example architecture 210 involves a UE 104 and an access node (AN) 102 which may be a radio access node (RAN) . For instance, the RAN 102 may be a next generation RAN (NG-RAN) node. The example architecture 210 also involves a unified data management (UDM) 201, a network data analytics function (NWDAF) 202, a location management function (LMF) 203, a policy control function (PCF) 204, an AMF 205, an SF 206, a network exposure function (NEF) 207, a UPF 208, and an application function (AF) 209. As shown in FIG. 2A, the SF 206 may communicate with each of the AMF 205, the NEF 207, the UDM 201, the NWDAF 202, the PCF 204, the LMF 203, and the UPF 208 via NS1 to NS7 respectively. It should be noted that although example interfaces are illustrated in FIG. 2A, names of interfaces are not limited in the present disclosure.
[0077] Either the AF 209 or the UE 104 or other network functions may trigger a sensing procedure. The UE 104 may perform a sensing registration towards the SF 206 with its sensing capability, and the UE 104 may be referred to as a sensing UE 104. For example, a sensing UE 104 represents a UE with sensing capability. In this way, the SF 206 is able to select the appropriate sensing UE 104 in its serving area based on the sensing registration request.
[0078] FIG. 2B illustrates an example schematic diagram of user plane protocol 220 for sensing PDU session between a UE and an SF or SF-U. The user plane protocol for sensing between UE and SF has been defined, where an NR Sensing Protocol annex for the User Plane (NRSP-U) is defined for exchanging user plane data between UE and SF. For example, the UE utilizes NRSP-U layer to provide sensing measurement data to SF. It is noted that the UPF may not exist in the user plane connection between RAN and SF / SF-U, although the UPF is illustrated in FIG. 2B.
[0079] In some implementations, a serving area of SF may be larger than that of an AMF, that is, a serving area of AMF is smaller than the serving area of SF, in this case, one AMF may connect to only one SF, while one SF may connect to multiple AMFs. In some implementations, a serving area of SF may be smaller than that of an AMF, that is, a serving area of AMF is larger than the serving area of SF, in this case, one AMF may connect to multiple SFs.
[0080] When the sensing UE moves, a serving AMF or a serving SF may change. For example, the sensing UE may move from one AMF’s serving area into another AMF’s serving area, that is AMF switch happens and the serving SF may change or may not change. For example, the sensing UE may move from one SF’s serving area into another SF’s serving area, that is SF switch happens and the serving AMF may change or may not change.
[0081] In the present disclosure, a DL / UL traffic may also be called as a DL / UL packet or the like, a destination IP address (or port number) of the DL / UL packet may also be called as a target IP address (or port number) of the DL / UL packet.
[0082] FIG. 3A illustrates an example schematic diagram of an example communication network 300 in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. It is assumed that after the UE 104 performed registration towards the source AMF (S-AMF) 205-1, the UE 104 may perform sensing registration towards the SF 206 via the S-AMF 205-1. For example, the UE 104 may send a UL non-access stratum (NAS) message towards the S-AMF 205-1, which contains a UE ID and a sensing registration request message. It is assumed that sensing capability information may be included in the sensing registration request, and the sensing capability information may include some or all of the following: a supported sensing mode, supported accuracy of sensing, confidence level, sensing resolution, false alarm probability, missed detection probability, refreshing rate, max sensing service latency, user plane connection supported indicator etc. Upon receiving the sensing registration request, the S-AMF 205-1 registers with the UDM for the access. It is assumed that S-AMF 205-1 checks whether the UE 104 is allowed to be registered to the SF 206, or whether the UE 104 is authorized as a sensing UE based on the subscription data provided by the UDM. If the answer is yes, the S-AMF 205-1 performs SF selection based on e.g., the UE location, SF serving area, SF load etc. And the S-AMF 205-1 sends the UE ID and the sensing registration request message towards the selected SF 206. The selected SF 206 response with sensing registration response message to the sensing UE 104 via the S-AMF 205-1.
[0083] As illustrated, due to the mobility of the UE 104, its serving RAN may be switched from the source RAN (S-RAN) 102-1 to the target RAN (T-RAN) 102-2. In addition, the UE 104 moves from a serving area of a source AMF (S-AMF) 205-1 to a serving area of a target AMF (T-AMF) 205-2, while the serving SF 206 is not changed. The S-RAN 102-1 refers to an old RAN node and the T-RAN 102-2 refers to a new RAN node. The S-AMF 205-1 refers to an old AMF and the T-AMF 205-2 refers to a new AMF.
[0084] It is to be understood that the number of functions / entities / devices, and the connections among the illustrated functions / entities / devices in FIG. 3A are given for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitations to the present disclosure. For example, the UE 104 may connect to the S-AMF 205-1 (when connecting to S-RAN 102-1) or to the T-AMF 205-2 (when connecting to T-RAN 102-2) . For example, additional functions / entities such as a UPF and an unstructured data storage function (UDSF) may also be included.
[0085] FIG. 3B illustrates a signalling chart illustrating communication process 390 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 390 may involve the UE 104, the S-RAN 102-1, the T-RAN 102-2, the S-AMF 205-1, the T-AMF 205-2, and the SF 206 as shown in FIG. 3A. It is to be understood that the process 390 may also be applied to another scenario different from that shown in FIG. 3A, the present disclosure does not limit this aspect.
[0086] The process 390 includes an operation 310 and an operation 320, as illustrated, the operation 310 may be implemented by one of options 1-3 of 310, and the operation 320 may be implemented by one of options 1-2 of 320.
[0087] As illustrated, the option 1 of 310 includes steps 311, 313, and 315, the option 2 of 310 includes steps 311 and 317, and the option 3 of 310 includes steps 312, 314, 316, and 318.
[0088] In option 1 or 2 of 310, the UE 104 transmits a tracking area update (TAU) request to the T-AMF 205-2 at 311. In some examples, when the UE 104 performs TAU, the T-AMF 205-2 may receive the TAU request from the UE 104 at 311.
[0089] In option 1 of 310, the T-AMF 205-2 transmits a UE context request to the S-AMF 205-1 at 313, and accordingly the S-AMF 205-1 responds with a UE context response at 315. In some embodiments, in case the T-AMF 205-2 could not find UE context after receiving the TAU request, the T-AMF 205-2 may use a 5G global unique temporary identifier (5G-GUTI) from the UE 104 to derive an address of the S-AMF 205-1, and then send the UE context request to the S-AMF 205-1 at 313. For example, the 5G-GUTI may be included in a registration request (5G) or Tracking area update request (4G) from the UE 104 to the T-AMF 205-2. For example, the UE context request at 313 may be implemented as Namf_Communication_UEContextTransfer.
[0090] In some embodiments, the UE context response at 315 may include a UE ID and SF information of the SF 206. In addition, the T-AMF 205-2 may store (or preserve) the UE ID and SF information for the UE 104. In some examples, the UE ID may be a subscription permanent identifier (SUPI) , a 5G-GUTI, a 5G serving-temporary mobile subscription identifier (5G-S-TMSI) , or other type of UE ID. In some examples, the SF information may include an IP address of the SF 206. In some examples, the SF information may further include one or multiple of the following: an SF ID of the SF 206, a port number of the SF 206, or a fully qualified domain name (FQDN) of the SF 206.
[0091] It should be noted that the steps 313 and 315 may be implemented in a manner different from those illustrated. In some examples, the S-AMF 205-1 and the T-AMF 205-2 are in a same AMF set but a UDSF is not deployed, in this case, the S-AMF 205-1 may share the UE ID and the UE context to the T-AMF 205-2 via implementation specific means.
[0092] In option 2 of 310, the T-AMF 205-2 may retrieve the UE ID (e.g., SUPI) of the UE 104 and UE context from a UDSF at 317. For example, the UE context stored at UDSF may include the SF information of the SF 206, details of which have been mentioned above with reference to step 315. In some embodiments, the UE's 5G-GUTI was included in the registration request (5G) / Tracking area update request (4G) and the serving AMF has changed since last registration procedure. In some examples, if the S-AMF 205-1 and the T-AMF 205-2 are in a same AMF set and a UDSF is deployed, then the T-AMF 205-2 can retrieve the UE ID (e.g., SUPI) and the UE context from the UDSF. For example, the T-AMF 205-2 may transmit a request (e.g., implemented as Nudsf_UnstructuredDataManagement_Query service operation) to the UDSF, and the UDSF may provide the UE ID (e.g., SUPI) and the UE context accordingly.
[0093] In option 3 of 310, the S-RAN 102-1 transmits a handover required request to the S-AMF 205-1 at 312. In some examples, the handover required request may include an ID of the T-RAN 102-2. For example, the ID of the T-RAN 102-2 may include a global RAN Node ID of the T-RAN 102-2 and / or a selected tracking area identity (TAI) for NG-RAN type.
[0094] In option 3 of 310, the S-AMF 205-1 transmits a create UE context request to the T-AMF 205-2 at 314, and accordingly, the T-AMF 205-2 may transmit a create UE context response to the S-AMF 205-1 at 316. In some examples, the create UE context request may include a UE ID, SF information of the SF 206, and an ID of the T-RAN 102-2.
[0095] In some examples, the create UE context request may be implemented as Namf_Communication_CreateUEContext Request, which includes N2 information and UE context information. For example, the N2 information includes the ID of T-RAN 102-2 (i.e. target ID) , a source to target transparent container, an SM N2 information list, and PDU session IDs. For example, the UE context information includes the UE ID (e.g., SUPI) of the UE 104 and the SF information of the SF 206. Upon receiving the UE context including the UE ID (e.g., SUPI) and the SF information from the S-AMF 205-1, the T-AMF 205-2 stores (or preserves) the UE ID (e.g., SUPI) and SF information for the UE 104.
[0096] In some examples, the create UE context response may be implemented as Namf_Communication_CreateUEContext Response, which includes N2 information necessary for the S-AMF 205-1 to send Handover Command to the S-RAN node. For example, the create UE context response may include a target to source transparent container, a PDU session failed to be setup list, and N2 SM information etc.
[0097] In some implementations, the T-AMF 205-2 may check whether the SF shall be changed or not. For example, it is assumed that AMF is preconfigured with the serving area of different SFs. Alternatively, AMF may request NRF to provide the SF information for the target area, where the target area may be associated with one or multiple of the following: a UE position, a Cell ID, a node ID of T-RAN 102-2, or a TA ID, or a Tracking Area Code (TAC) .
[0098] In the process 390, there are two options 1-2 of 320 for informing the SF 206 of the AMF switch, from the S-AMF 205-1 to the T-AMF 205-2.
[0099] In option 1 of 320, the T-AMF 205-2 transmits a UE relocation request to the SF 206 at 321 and the SF 206 may transmit a UE relocation response to the T-AMF 205-2 at 323. In some embodiments, the UE relocation is triggered by the UE relocation request.
[0100] In some embodiments, the T-AMF 205-2 may determine the SF 206 based on the SF information in the UE context, e.g., from the S-AMF 205-1 (at step 315 or 314) or from UDSF (at step 317) . In some examples, the T-AMF 205-2 sends a first request to the SF 206. For example, the first request may be the UE relocation request or a create UE context request. For example, the first request includes the UE ID, which may be the SUPI or another type of UE ID. For example, the first request includes a relocation indication.
[0101] In some examples, the SF 206 may determine an AMF ID of the S-AMF 205-1 based on the UE ID (e.g., 5G-GUTI) in the first request, so that the SF 206 finds out that the AMF has been changed. For example, the SF 206 can know that the UE 104 has moved from the S-AMF 205-1 to the T-AMF 205-2. For example, the SF 206 may store a mapping relationship of the UE 104 and the AMF 205.
[0102] In some examples, the first request may further include AMF information of the S-AMF 205-1 and / or an AMF switch indication. For example, the AMF information of the S-AMF 205-1 may include one or multiple of the following: an ID of the S-AMF 205-1, an IP address of the S-AMF 205-1, or a FQDN of the S-AMF 205-1. In some examples, the SF 206 may know that the AMF has been changed based on the AMF information of the S-AMF 205-1 and / or an AMF switch indication. In addition or alternatively, the SF 206 may transmit (not illustrated in FIG. 3B) a message to the UE 104 via the T-AMF 205-2 instead of the S-AMF 205-1. In some examples, the SF 206 may trigger a UE context release towards the S-AMF 205-1. Alternatively, the S-AMF 205-1 may trigger the UE context release towards the SF 206.
[0103] In the present disclosure, either AMF service operation or SF service operation may be defined to enable step 321. For example, Nsf_SenMPolicyControl_Create and Nsf_SenMPolicyControl_Delete may be defined for the AMF to trigger the sensing management policy control creation and deletion. For example, the T-AMF 205-2 may trigger Nsf_SenMPolicyControl_Create to request to the SF 206 to create a sensing management policy for the UE 104 by including UE ID. And the S-AMF 205-1 may trigger Nsf_SenMPolicyControl_Delete to delete the sensing management policy for the UE 104 by including either UE ID or sensing management policy association ID. In some examples, a new AMF service operation, e.g., Namf_Sensing_RelocateUEContext, may be defined to enable step 321. For example, the T-AMF 205-2 triggers Namf_Sensing_RelocateUEContext to inform the SF 206 of the relocation of UE from the S-AMF 205-1 to the T-AMF 205-2.
[0104] In some examples, the SF 206 may transmit a first response to the first request. For example, the first response may be the UE relocation response or a create UE context response. In some examples, the first response may include one or multiple of the following: the UE ID, sensing capability information, information of at least one ongoing sensing task, or a sensing UE mobility pattern.
[0105] In some examples, if the AMF is aware the sensing tasks of the UE 104 and may assign the sensing task, then it is assumed that the SF 206 may provide any combination of the following: (1) the UE ID, e.g., SUPI, 5G-GUTI, 5G-S-TMSI etc. (2) sensing capability information, e.g., a supported sensing mode, supported accuracy of sensing, confidence level, sensing resolution, false alarm probability, missed detection probability, refreshing rate, max sensing service latency, user plane connection supported indicator etc. (3) information of at least one ongoing sensing task, which includes a sensing task ID, sensing requirement, sensing measurement data from UE, sensing result for exposure etc., where the sensing requirement includes e.g., a sensing service type, resolution and accuracy of sensing object’s location / velocity / angle, refresh rate, target detection ratio, target false alarm ratio, sensing area, sensing velocity range, sensing last time, reporting period, delay etc. (4) a sensing UE mobility pattern, e.g., a direction of travel, average speed, acceleration etc.
[0106] In option 2 of 320, the S-AMF 205-1 transmits a UE relocation request to the SF 206 at 322 and the SF 206 may transmit a UE relocation response to the S-AMF 205-1 at 324. In some embodiments, the UE relocation is triggered by the UE relocation request.
[0107] In some embodiments, the S-AMF 205-1 may send a second request to the SF 206, where the second request may be a UE relocation request. In some examples, the second request may include one or multiple of the following: the UE ID, or AMF information of the T-AMF 205-2. For example, the AMF information of the T-AMF 205-2 may include one or multiple of the following: an ID of the T-AMF 205-2, an IP address of the T-AMF 205-2, or a FQDN of the T-AMF 205-2. In some examples, the second request may further include an AMF switch indication which indicates that the UE 104 has moved from the S-AMF 205-1 to the T-AMF 205-2.
[0108] In the present disclosure, either AMF service operation or SF service operation may be defined to enable step 322. In some examples, Namf_Sensing_RelocateUEContext may be defined to enable step 322. For example, the S-AMF 205-1 triggers Namf_Sensing_RelocateUEContext to inform the SF 206 of the relocation of UE 104 from the S-AMF 205-1 to the T-AMF 205-2.
[0109] In some examples, the SF 206 may transmit a second response to the second request. For example, the second response may be the UE relocation response. In some examples, the second response may include one or multiple of the following: the UE ID, sensing capability information, information of at least one ongoing sensing task, or a sensing UE mobility pattern.
[0110] In some examples, if the AMF is aware the sensing tasks of the UE 104 and may assign the sensing task, then it is assumed that the SF 206 may provide any combination of the following: (1) the UE ID, e.g., SUPI, 5G-GUTI, 5G-S-TMSI etc. (2) sensing capability information, e.g., a supported sensing mode, supported accuracy of sensing, confidence level, sensing resolution, false alarm probability, missed detection probability, refreshing rate, max sensing service latency, user plane connection supported indicator etc. (3) information of at least one ongoing sensing task, which includes a sensing task ID, sensing requirement, sensing measurement data from UE, sensing result for exposure etc., where the sensing requirement includes e.g., a sensing service type, resolution and accuracy of sensing object’s location / velocity / angle, refresh rate, target detection ratio, target false alarm ratio, sensing area, sensing velocity range, sensing last time, reporting period, delay etc. (4) a sensing UE mobility pattern, e.g., a direction of travel, average speed, acceleration etc.
[0111] According to embodiments with reference to FIGS. 3A-3B, a solution for AMF switch without SF change is provided. The SF may be aware of the AMF switch, and may accordingly perform the UE relocation.
[0112] FIG. 4A illustrates an example schematic diagram of an example communication network 400 in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. The communication network 400 relates to a scenario with SF switch, with or without AMF change and without UPF change.
[0113] As illustrated, due to the mobility of the UE 104, its serving RAN may be switched from the source RAN (S-RAN) 102-1 to the target RAN (T-RAN) 102-2. In addition, the UE 104 moves from a serving area of a source SF (S-SF) 206-1 to a serving area of a target SF (T-SF) 206-2. The AMF may change or may not change, for example, the illustrated AMF 205 may be the unchanged AMF or may be a target AMF. The S-RAN 102-1 refers to an old RAN node and the T-RAN 102-2 refers to a new RAN node. The S-SF 206-1 refers to an old SF and the T-SF 206-2 refers to a new SF.
[0114] The communication network 400 also includes the UPF 208 that connects to an SMF 401, where the UPF 208 may be a PDU session anchor (PSA) UPF. The UPF 208 is unchanged, that is, the UPF 208 connects to both the S-SF 206-1 and the T-SF 206-2.
[0115] It is to be understood that the number of functions / entities / devices, and the connections among the illustrated functions / entities / devices in FIG. 4A are given for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitations to the present disclosure. For example, the UE 104 may connect to the AMF 205. For example, the S-RAN 102-1 may connect to the UPF 208. For example, additional functions / entities may also be included.
[0116] In case a user plane solution is used between the UE and the SF, there may be two different scenarios if the UE 104 switches from the S-SF 206-1 to the T-SF 206-2. In one scenario, the UE 104 may not be aware of the T-SF 206-2, and an IP address replacement may be performed by the UPF 208, details of which may refer to FIG. 4B below. In the other scenario, the UE 104 may be aware of the T-SF 206-2, and an IP address replacement at the UPF 208 is not needed, details of which may refer to FIG. 4C below.
[0117] FIG. 4B illustrates a signalling chart illustrating communication process 480 associated with FIG. 4A in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 480 may involve the UE 104, the T-RAN 102-2, the AMF 205, the SMF 401, the UPF 208, the S-SF 206-1, and the T-SF 206-2 as shown in FIG. 4A. It is to be understood that the process 480 may also be applied to another scenario different from that shown in FIG. 4A, the present disclosure does not limit this aspect. It should be noted that the AMF 205 in FIG. 4B refers to a T-AMF (new AMF) if the AMF switch happens.
[0118] The process 480 includes an operation 410, an operation 420, an operation 430, and an operation 440 as illustrated, the operation 410 may be implemented by one of options 1-2 of 410, and the operation 420 may be implemented by one of options 1-2 of 420.
[0119] As illustrated, the option 1 of 410 includes step 411, and the option 2 of 410 includes steps 412 and 414. As illustrated, the option 1 of 420 includes steps 421, 423, and 425, and the option 2 of 420 includes steps 422 and 424.
[0120] In option 1 of 410, the AMF 205 transmits a first message to the T-SF 206-2 at 411. In some examples, if the T-SF 206-2 includes a control plane (e.g., SF-C) and a user plane (e.g., SF-U) , then the SF-C may receive the first message from the AMF 205. As such, the T-SF 206-2 may know that the user plane solution is applied for the UE 104 between the UE 104 and the S-SF 206-1 (or T-SF 206-2) .
[0121] In some examples, the first message may include a UE ID and UE context, wherein the UE context may include one or multiple of: an IP address of the UE 104 (i.e., a UE IP address) , SMF information of the SMF 401, a user plane solution indication, SF information of the S-SF 206-1, or an SF switch indication. To be more specific, IP address of the UE is actually the UE IP address allocated by the core network for the PDU session of the UE 104. In this disclosure, it is assumed that there’s a UE PDU session established for sensing, i.e., used for communication between UE and SF.
[0122] In some examples, the first message may include UE information, which may include a UE ID and / or an IP address of the UE 104. In some examples, the first message may include SMF information of the SMF 401. In some examples, the SMF information and the UE information is associated with a PDU session that is established for sensing between the UE 104 and the S-SF 206-1.
[0123] In some examples, the first message may further include a user plane solution indication, so that the T-SF 206-2 may know that the user plane solution is applied for the UE 104 between the UE 104 and the S-SF 206-1 (or T-SF 206-2) .
[0124] In some examples, the first message may include SF information of the S-SF 206-1 or an SF switch indication. As such, the T-SF 206-2 may know that the SF switch happens.
[0125] It should be noted that the AMF 205 may be a T-AMF if there is an AMF switch from an S-AMF to T-AMF. In some examples, the S-AMF may send the UE ID and UE context to the T-AMF, and the T-AMF may determine the UE 104 has moved from a coverage area of the S-SF 206-1 to a coverage area of the T-SF 206-2.
[0126] Alternatively, the T-SF 206-2 may subscribe UE mobility to the AMF 205 or to the LMF. The S-SF 206-1 may determine that the UE 104 has moved out of its coverage based on the UE mobility result provided by the AMF 205 or the LMF. The S-SF 206-1 may inform the AMF 205 about it and may provide the candidate target SF information. Alternatively, upon receiving the indication that the UE 104 has moved out of the coverage area of the S-SF 206-1, the AMF 205 (e.g., T-AMF) may determine the T-SF 206-2 by itself. In addition, the AMF 205 (e.g., T-AMF) may send the UE ID and UE context to the T-SF 206-2 at 411.
[0127] In option 2 of 410, the AMF 205 transmits the UE ID and SF information of the T-SF 206-2 to the S-SF 206-1 at 412. In some examples, if the S-SF 206-1 includes a control plane (e.g., SF-C) and a user plane (e.g., SF-U) , then the SF-C of the S-SF 206-1 may receive the UE ID and SF information of the T-SF 206-2 from the AMF 205. It is to be noted that the AMF 205 may be the T-AMF in case an AMF switch happens, details of which may be similar with that discussed with reference to the step 411, and thus will not be repeated for brevity.
[0128] In option 2 of 410, the S-SF 206-1 transmits the first message (including the UE ID and the UE context) to the T-SF 206-2 at 414. For example, the S-SF 206-1 may determine the T-SF 206-2 based on the SF information of the T-SF 206-2 received from the AMF 205. As such, the T-SF 206-2 may know that the user plane solution is applied for the UE 104 between the UE 104 and the S-SF 206-1 (or T-SF 206-2) . In some examples, the SF-C of the S-SF 206-1 may transmit, and the SF-C of the T-SF 206-2 may receive, the first message at 414.
[0129] In some examples, the UE context may include one or multiple of: an IP address of the UE 104 (i.e., a UE IP address) , SMF information of the SMF 401, a user plane solution indication, or an SF switch indication.
[0130] In some other embodiments, the AMF 205 may provide the UE ID and SF information of the S-SF 206-1 to the T-SF 206-2. Then the T-SF 206-2 may request the S-SF 206-1 to provide the UE context. In addition, the S-SF 206-1 may provide and the T-SF 206-2 may receive the first message which includes the UE ID and the UE context.
[0131] In some examples, upon receiving the first message from the AMF 205 or the S-SF 206-1 (e.g., after the operation 410) , the T-SF 206-2 may know that the SF switch happens, and may determine that it needs to provide an IP address of the T-SF 206-2 (optional and port number of the T-SF 206-2) for the user plane solution. In some examples, the T-SF 206-2 may determine to apply the user plane solution even if the control plane solution is used between the UE 104 and the S-SF 206-1.
[0132] In option 1 of 420, the T-SF 206-2 transmits a second message to the AMF 205 at 421. The second message includes UE information and an IP address of the T-SF 206-2. Alternatively, the second information may further include a port number of the T-SF 206-2. For example, the UE information may include an IP address of the UE 104. For example, the UE information includes a UE ID, which may be the SUPI or other type of UE ID.
[0133] In some examples, the T-SF 206-2 may include SF-U and SF-C, the SF-U may provide SF-C with the UE information and the IP address of the T-SF 206-2 (and optional port number of the T-SF 206-2) , accordingly the SF-C may obtain the same from the SF-U, in addition, the SF-C transmits the second message to the AMF 205.
[0134] In some examples, a first IE may be newly defined as the SF IP address, which may be provided from the T-SF 206-2 to the AMF 205. As such, the AMF 205 may know that the IP address of SF changes based on the first IE. Similarly, a second IE may be newly defined as the SF port number, which may be provided from the T-SF 206-2 to the AMF 205.
[0135] In some examples, the second message may further include an indication of SF IP address change (e.g., an SF IP address change indication) for sensing.
[0136] In the option 1 of 420, the AMF 205 transmits at 423, to the SMF 401, UE information, the IP address of the T-SF 206-2, and a PDU session ID (or a sensing indication) . In some examples, the port number of the T-SF 206-2 may also be transmitted from the AMF 205 to the SMF 401.
[0137] In some embodiments, the AMF 205 may know which PDU session is for sensing and also know the associated SMF 401. In some examples, when the UE 104 triggers the PDU session establishment for sensing, the UE 104 may provide a data network name (DNN) and / or single network slice selection assistance information (S-NSSAI) to the AMF 205. For example, the DNN may be a UE requested DNN. In some other examples, dedicated information may be used for a sensing operation. For example, the dedicated information may include a dedicated DNN, a dedicated S-NSSAI, or a dedicated DNN and S-NSSAI. In some examples, the AMF 205 may know, based on the dedicated DNN (and / or S-NSSAI) , which PDU session is established for sensing. Alternatively, the UE 104 or the SMF 401 may provide the AMF 205 with the PDU session ID for sensing.
[0138] In some embodiments, the SMF 401 may transmit, to the AMF 205, a request for SF information, and the SMF 401 may inform the AMF 205 that one of PDU sessions is for sensing. As such, the AMF 205 may know that the one of PDU sessions is for sensing, and the AMF 205 may know that the one of PDU session is associated with sensing for the SMF 401, but it does not know the exact PDU session ID. In some examples, the AMF 205 may provide a sensing indication instead of the PDU session ID.
[0139] In some examples, a third IE may be newly defined as the SF IP address, which may be provided from the AMF 205 to the SMF 401. As such, the SMF 401 may know that the IP address of SF changes based on the first IE. Similarly, a fourth IE may be newly defined as the SF port number, which may be provided from the AMF 205 to the SMF 401. In some examples, the SF IP address change indication for sensing may be provided from the AMF 205 to the SMF 401.
[0140] In the option 1 of 420, the SMF 401 transmits a fourth message to the UPF 208 at 425. In some examples, the fourth message includes an IP address of the T-SF 206-2, an N4 session ID, and a flow ID. In some examples, the fourth message may further include a port number of the T-SF 206-2. In some examples, the fourth message may further include an IP address replacement indication and / or a port number replacement indication. For example, the SMF 401 may instruct the UPF 208 to perform the IP address replacement (and optional port number replacement) . For example, the flow ID may be in the form of a DL packet filter ID or a QoS flow identifier (QFI) .
[0141] In some examples, the SMF 401 may determine the N4 session ID based on the PDU session ID or the sensing indication from the AMF 205. In some examples, the SMF 401 may be configured with dedicated information, such as a dedicated DNN and / or a dedicated S-NSSAI, for a sensing operation. For example, the SMF 401 may determine the N4 session ID based on the dedicated information for sensing operation, if the sensing indication is provided from the AMF 205. For example, the SMF 401 may determine the flow ID associated with the sensing operation.
[0142] In some examples, the SMF 401 may determine an IP address of the S-SF 206-1 (and optional a port number of the S-SF 206-1) . In some examples, a new IE may be defined, or an IE defined in forwarding action rule (FAR) for edge application server (EAS) IP replacement may be reused. In some examples, the UPF 208 may keep both the IP address of the S-SF 206-1 and the IP address of the T-SF 206-2 for the flow of the PDU session. In some examples, the UPF 208 may also keep both the port number of the S-SF 206-1 and the port number of the T-SF 206-2 for the flow of the PDU session.
[0143] In option 2 of 420, the T-SF 206-2 transmits a second message to the SMF 401 at 422. The second message includes UE information and an IP address of the T-SF 206-2. Alternatively, the second information may further include a port number of the T-SF 206-2. For example, the UE information may include an IP address of the UE 104. For example, the UE information includes a UE ID, which may be the SUPI or other type of UE ID. In some examples, the second message may further include an indication of SF IP address change (e.g., an SF IP address change indication) for sensing. In some examples, the second message may further include an SF switch indication.
[0144] For example, the T-SF 206-2 may determine the SMF 401 based on SMF information received at 411 or 414.
[0145] In option 2 of 420, the SMF 401 transmits a fourth message to the UPF 208 at 424. Details of the step 424 may refer to those described with reference to step 425, and thus will not be repeated herein.
[0146] At 430, a UL traffic (or a UL packet) may be transmitted from the UE 104 to the T-SF 206-2. Specifically, the UL packet from the UE 104 may have a source IP address of the UE IP address and a destination IP address of the IP address of the S-SF 206-1. Upon receiving the UL packet from the UE 104, the UPF 208 performs an IP address replacement based on the fourth message, that is, the destination IP address will be replaced by the IP address of the T-SF 206-2. In some examples, the UL packet from the UE 104 may have a source port number of the UE port number and a destination port number of the port number of the S-SF 206-1. Upon receiving the UL packet from the UE 104, the UPF 208 performs a port number replacement based on the fourth message, that is, the destination port number will be replaced by the port number of the T-SF 206-2. In addition, the UPF 208 may transmit the UL packet with the IP address (and optional port number) of the T-SF 206-2 to the T-SF 206-2.
[0147] In some examples, the SMF 401 may configure the UPF 208 with one UL packet detection rule (PDR) and the associated UL FAR, by provisioning a UL FAR with an IP address (and optional port number) Replacement IE containing the IP address (and optional port number) of the T-SF 206-2. For example, the UL PDR includes IP packet filter, which contains UE IP address (and optional port number) as the source IP address (and optional port number) , an IP address (and optional port number) of the S-SF 206-1 as the destination IP address (and optional port number) . The associated UL FAR includes an IP address (and optional port number) replacement IE, which contains the IP address (and optional port number) of the T-SF 206-2.
[0148] At 440, a DL traffic (or a DL packet) may be transmitted from the T-SF 206-2 to the UE 104. Specifically, the DL packet from the T-SF 206-2 may have a source IP address of the IP address of the T-SF 206-2 and a destination IP address of the UE IP address. Upon receiving the DL packet from the T-SF 206-2, the UPF 208 performs an IP address replacement based on the fourth message, that is, the source IP address will be replaced by the IP address of the S-SF 206-1. In some examples, the DL packet from the T-SF 206-2may have a source port number of the port number of the T-SF 206-2 and a destination port number of the UE port number. Upon receiving the DL packet from the T-SF 206-2, the UPF 208 performs a port number replacement based on the fourth message, that is, the source port number will be replaced by the port number of the S-SF 206-1. In addition, the UPF 208 may transmit the DL packet with the IP address (and optional port number) of the S-SF 206-1 to the UE 104.
[0149] In some examples, the SMF 401 may configure the UPF 208 with one DL packet detection rule (PDR) and the associated DL FAR, by provisioning a DL FAR with an IP address (and optional port number) Replacement IE containing the IP address (and optional port number) of the S-SF 206-1. For example, the DL PDR includes IP packet filter, which contains IP address (and optional port number) of the T-SF 206-2 as the source IP address (and optional port number) , UE IP address (and optional port number) as the destination IP address (and optional port number) . The associated DL FAR includes an IP address (and optional port number) replacement IE, which contains the IP address (and optional port number) of the S-SF 206-1.
[0150] According to embodiments with reference to FIG. 4B, the UPF 208 may perform an IP address replacement (and optional port number replacement) for the flow of the PDU session, which makes the UE transparent of the SF switch. For instance, the UE 104 may be not aware of the SF switch.
[0151] FIG. 4C illustrates another signalling chart illustrating communication process 490 associated with FIG. 4A in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 490 may involve the UE 104, the T-RAN 102-2, the AMF 205, the SMF 401, the UPF 208, the S-SF 206-1, and the T-SF 206-2 as shown in FIG. 4A. It is to be understood that the process 490 may also be applied to another scenario different from that shown in FIG. 4A, the present disclosure does not limit this aspect. It should be noted that the AMF 205 in FIG. 4C refers to a T-AMF if the AMF switch happens.
[0152] The process 490 includes an operation 410, an operation 450, an operation 460, and an operation 470 as illustrated, the operation 410 may be implemented by one of options 1-2 of 410 that has discussed in FIG. 4A, and the operation 450 may be implemented by one of options 1-3 of 450.
[0153] In the option 1 of 450, the T-SF 206-2 transmits a second message to the UE 104 at 451. In some examples, the second message to UE 104 may include an IP address of the T-SF 206-2. In some examples, the second message to UE 104 may further include an SF switch indication, and / or, a port number of the T-SF 206-2. For example, as the SF switch happens, the T-SF 206-2 needs to provide the IP address (and optional the port number) of the T-SF 206-2 to the UE 104.
[0154] In addition or alternatively, the T-SF 206-2 may transmit a DL packet to the UE 104 at 460, where a destination IP address of the DL packet is the UE IP address. In some examples, the T-SF 206-2 may set the UE IP address as a target IP address, e.g., upon receiving the UE IP address at 411 or 414; and may set an IP address of the T-SF 206-2 as a source IP address of the DL packet. In some examples, the T-SF 206-2 may set the port number of the T-SF 206-2 as a source port number, and set the UE port number as a target port number.
[0155] In some examples, the DL packet may include the IP address of the T-SF 206-2 (and optional the port number of the T-SF 206-2) , e.g., in the payload of the DL packet. For example, the step 451 may be omitted or may be combined into the step 460. For example, the SF switch indication may be included in the payload of the DL packet.
[0156] In some examples, upon receiving the DL packet, the UE 104 may determine the IP address (and optional the port number) of the T-SF 206-2, based on the source IP address (and optional source port number) or based on the payload.
[0157] It should be noted that the DL packet is routed to the UPF 208, which may forward the DL packet to the UE 104 via the T-RAN 102-2 based on the target IP address. In some examples, the DL packet is a DL IP packet, or other types of DL packet.
[0158] In some examples, the T-SF 206-2 may include SF-U and SF-C, in this case, the SF-U may perform the step 451 and 460.
[0159] In the option 2 of 450, the T-SF 206-2 transmits a second message to the AMF 205 at 452. In addition, the AMF 205 transmits at 454, to the SMF 401, UE information, the IP address of the T-SF 206-2, and a PDU session ID (or a sensing indication) . In some examples, the port number of the T-SF 206-2 may also be transmitted from the AMF 205 to the SMF 401. Details of the steps 452 and 453 may refer to those described with reference to steps 421 and 423, and thus will not be repeated herein.
[0160] In the option 2 of 450, the SMF 401 transmits a fifth message to the UPF 208 at 456, and transmits a sixth message to the UE 104 at 458.
[0161] In some examples, the fifth message includes an IP address of the T-SF 206-2 and an N4 session ID (or a flow ID) . In some examples, the fifth message may further include a port number of the T-SF 206-2. In some examples, the fifth message may further include a DL / UL packet filter ID. For example, the SMF 401 may indicate to the UPF 208 to use the IP address (and optional the port number) of the T-SF 206-2 as the destination IP address (and optional destination port number) for the UL packet and as the source IP address (and optional source port number) for the DL packet to the UPF 208.
[0162] In some examples, it is assumed that the UPF 208 was configured with a DL PDR with DL packet filter ID=1 before, which includes IP packet filter by setting an IP address (and optional port number) of the S-SF 206-1 as the source IP address (and optional source port number) , and the UE IP address (and optional UE port number) as the destination IP address (and optional destination port number) . At step 456, the SMF 401 may configure the UPF 208 with a new DL PDR with DL packet filter ID=1, which includes IP packet filter by setting the IP address (and optional the port number) of the T-SF 206-2 as the source IP address (and optional source port number) , and the UE IP address (and optional UE port number) as the destination IP address (and optional destination port number) . In some examples, the UPF 208 may find the DL packet filter based on the DL packet filter ID=1, and it replaces the source IP address (and optional source port number) in the DL packet filter with the IP address (and optional the port number) of the T-SF 206-2.
[0163] In some examples, it is assumed that the UPF 208 was configured with a UL PDR with UL packet filter ID=2 before, which includes IP packet filter by setting UE IP address (and optional UE port number) as the source IP address (and optional source port number) , and an IP address (and optional port number) of the S-SF 206-1 as the destination IP address (and optional destination port number) . At step 456, the SMF 401 may configure the UPF 208 with a new UL PDR with UL packet filter ID=2, which includes IP packet filter by setting UE IP address (and optional UE port number) as the source IP address (and optional source port number) , and the IP address (and optional the port number) of the T-SF 206-2 as the destination IP address (and optional destination port number) . In some examples, the UPF 208 finds the UL packet filter based on the UL packet filter ID=2, then replaces the destination IP address (and optional destination port number) in the UL packet filter with the IP address (and optional the port number) of the T-SF 206-2.
[0164] In some examples, the sixth message may include a PDU session ID, a QFI, the IP address (and optional the port number) of the T-SF 206-2. In some examples, the SMF 401 may determine the PDU session ID by itself.
[0165] Alternatively, the AMF 205 may request the SMF 401 to provide the PDU session ID and QFI associated with sensing, accordingly, the SMF 401 may provide the PDU session ID, the QFI, and the IP address (and optional the port number) of the T-SF 206-2 to the AMF 205. And the AMF 2005 forwards the PDU session ID, the QFI, and the IP address (and optional the port number) of the T-SF 206-2 from the SMF 401 to the UE 104. For example, the SMF 401 may trigger a PDU session modification procedure to provide the parameters to the UE 104.
[0166] In the option 3 of 450, the T-SF 206-2 transmits a second message to the SMF 401 at 453. Details of the step 453 may refer to those described with reference to step 422, and thus will not be repeated herein.
[0167] In the option 3 of 450, the SMF 401 transmits a fifth message to the UPF 208 at 455, and transmits a sixth message to the UE 104 at 457. Details of the steps 455 and 457 may refer to those described with reference to steps 456 and 458, and thus will not be repeated herein.
[0168] At 460, a DL packet may be transmitted from the T-SF 206-2 to the UE 104, e.g., via the UPF 208 and the T-RAN 102-2. At 470, a UL packet may be transmitted from the UE 104 to the T-SF 206-2, e.g., via the T-RAN 102-2 and the UPF 208.
[0169] In some examples, the source IP address (and / or source port number) of the DL packet at 460 is the IP address (and / or the port number) of the T-SF 206-2, and the target IP address (and / or target port number) of the DL packet at 460 is the UE IP address (and / or UE port number) .
[0170] In some examples, the source IP address (and / or source port number) of the UL packet at 470 is the UE IP address (and / or UE port number) , and the target IP address (and / or target port number) of the UL packet at 470 is the IP address (and / or the port number) of the T-SF 206-2.
[0171] According to embodiments with reference to FIG. 4C, the IP address (and optional the port number) of the T-SF 206-2 is informed to the UE 104, and thus the UE 104 is aware of the SF switch. Then UE shall insert the IP address of the T-SF 206-2 as the destination IP address of the UL packet. The SMF 401 may also inform the UPF 208 of the IP address of the T-SF 206-2 associated with the PDU session, so that the UPF 208 may forward the UL packet to a right SF (i.e. the T-SF 206-2) .
[0172] In some embodiments, the SF switch may refer to SF-U switch while the SF-C is unchanged. In this case, the operation 410 is omitted, the steps 421 and 452 are performed by the SF-C, and the steps 422, 451, and 453 are performed by the target SF-U. For example, the SF-C may provide the SMF information and the UE context to the target SF-U before the steps 422, 451, and 453, where the UE context may include the UE IP address (and optional the UE port number) . For example, the target SF-U may provide the SF-C with the IP address (and optional port number) of the target SF-U.
[0173] FIG. 5A illustrates an example schematic diagram of an example communication network 500 in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. The communication network 500 relates to a scenario with SF switch with UPF change.
[0174] As illustrated, due to the mobility of the UE 104, its serving RAN may be switched from the S-RAN 102-1 to the T-RAN 102-2. In addition, the UE 104 moves from serving area of an S-SF (which is not illustrated) to a serving area of a T-SF 206-2. In addition, the UE 104 moves from a source UPF (S-UPF) 208-1 being connected to a source SMF (S-SMF) 401-1 to a target UPF (T-UPF) 208-2 being connected to a target SMF (T-SMF) 401-2. Each of S-UPF 208-1 or T-UPF 208-2 may be a PSA UPF.
[0175] The AMF may change or may not change, for example, the illustrated AMF 205 may be the unchanged AMF or may be a target AMF. The S-RAN 102-1 refers to an old RAN node and the T-RAN 102-2 refers to a new RAN node. The S-SF refers to an old SF and the T-SF 206-2 refers to a new SF. The S-UPF 208-1 refers to an old UPF and the T-UPF 208-2 refers to a new UPF. The S-SMF 401-1 refers to an old SMF and the T-SMF 401-2 refers to a new SMF.
[0176] It is to be understood that the number of functions / entities / devices, and the connections among the illustrated functions / entities / devices in FIG. 5A are given for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitations to the present disclosure. For example, the S-RAN 102-1 may connect to the AMF 205. For example, additional functions / entities may also be included.
[0177] In some cases, for SF switch case, the old PSA UPF (i.e., S-UPF 208-1) may not be able to route packets to the new SF (i.e., T-SF 206-2) , e.g., the old PSA UPF and new SF are in different IP domains. In this case, the S-SMF 401-1 needs to find a new PSA UPF (i.e., T-UPF 208-2) to connect to the new SF (i.e., T-SF 206-2) for the user plane solution.
[0178] FIG. 5B illustrates a signalling chart illustrating communication process 590 associated with FIG. 5A in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 590 may involve the UE 104, the T-RAN 102-2, the AMF 205, the S-SMF 401-1, the S-UPF 208-1, the T-UPF 208-2, the T-SF 206-2, and the T-SMF 401-2 as shown in FIG. 5A. It is to be understood that the process 590 may also be applied to another scenario different from that shown in FIG. 5A, the present disclosure does not limit this aspect. It should be noted that the AMF 205 in FIG. 5B refers to a T-AMF (new AMF) if the AMF switch happens.
[0179] At 510, the S-SMF 401-1 determines that the UPF relocation needs to be performed based on SF switch. In some examples, the S-SMF 401-1 knows SF switch and determines that UPF relocation needs to be performed. For example, the S-SMF 401-1 may know the SF switch based on the IP address (and optional port number) of the T-SF 206-2 or an SF IP address change indication, e.g., which is indicated by the AMF 205 or the T-SF 206-2. For instance, the step 423 / 454 or the step 422 / 453 in FIG. 4B / 4C may be performed before the operation 510 in FIG. 5B. In some examples, the S-SMF 401-1 may check whether the S-UPF 208-1 is still able to connect with the T-SF 206-2 based on the IP address (and optional port number) of the T-SF 206-2. In addition, the S-SMF 401-1 determines that the UPF relocation needs to be performed, if the S-UPF 208-1 is unable to connect with the T-SF 206-2. Specifically, the S-SMF 401-1 may trigger the UPF relocation procedure.
[0180] At 520, a context status notify service operation between the S-SMF 401-1 and the AMF 205 may be performed. In some examples, the S-SMF 401-1 may invoke the service operation by sending a Nsmf_PDUSession_SMContextStatusNotify Request to the AMF 205, which may include target data network access identifier (DNAI) information. For example, the request from the S-SMF 401-1 may also indicate that the SMF reselection is expected. In some examples, the AMF 205 may respond with a Nsmf_PDUSession_SMContextStatusNotify Response.
[0181] At 530, a PDU session release procedure is initiated. For example, a PDU session release message (or a PDU session release command) may be transmitted from the S-SMF 401-1 to the UE 104, so as to release the PDU session between the UE 104 and the S-UPF 208-1. In some examples, the S-SMF 401-1 transmits N1 SM Information to the UE 104 via the AMF 205 by invoking Namf_Communication_N1N2MessageTransfer. The PDU Session Release Command message in N1 SM Information includes the PDU Session ID, the IP address (and optional port number) of the T-SF 206-2, and also includes a cause indication indicating that a PDU session re-establishment to the T-SF 206-2 (or to a same DN) is required. For example, an IE “cause” with a dedicated value may indicate that the PDU session re-establishment is needed. For example, the cause indicating that a PDU Session re-establishment to the same DN is required may be reused.
[0182] At 540, the UE 104 performs the PDU session establishment procedure with the T-UPF 208-2. In some examples, upon reception of the PDU Session release command with the cause indicating that a PDU Session re-establishment to the same DN (or T-SF 206-2) is required, the UE 104 generates a new PDU Session ID and initiates PDU session establishment procedure. For example, the PDU session establishment procedure may be similar with that in clause 4.3.2.2 of 3GPP TS 23.502.
[0183] In addition, the DL or UL packet can be transmitted between the UE 104 and the T-SF 206-2 via the T-UPF 208-2 at 550.
[0184] According to embodiments with reference to FIG. 5B, in case the UPF switch happens, the UPF relocation may be triggered by the SMF, and thus the DL and UL packet can be transmitted efficiently.
[0185] It should be noted that the provided process is only for illustration without any limitation, some other processes are also applied, for example, the S-SMF 401-2 may decide to trigger the procedure as defined in clause 4.3.5.2 of 3GPP TS 23.502, the present disclosure does not limit for this aspect.
[0186] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a device 600 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 600 may be an example of a user equipment or a base station as described herein. The device 600 may support wireless communication with the SF 206, the SMF 401, the AMF 205, or any combination thereof. The device 600 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 602, a memory 604, a transceiver 606, and, optionally, an I / O controller 608. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0187] The processor 602, the memory 604, the transceiver 606, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 602, the memory 604, the transceiver 606, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0188] In some implementations, the processor 602, the memory 604, the transceiver 606, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 602 and the memory 604 coupled with the processor 602 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 602, instructions stored in the memory 604) .
[0189] For example, the processor 602 may support wireless communication at the device 600 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 602 may be configured to operable to support a means for actions discussed above.
[0190] The processor 602 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 602 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 602. The processor 602 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 604) to cause the device 600 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0191] The memory 604 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 604 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 602 cause the device 600 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 602 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 604 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0192] The I / O controller 608 may manage input and output signals for the device 600. The I / O controller 608 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 600. In some implementations, the I / O controller 608 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 608 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 608 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 606. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 600 via the I / O controller 608 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 608.
[0193] In some implementations, the device 600 may include a single antenna 610. However, in some other implementations, the device 600 may have more than one antenna 610 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 606 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 610, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 606 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 606 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 610 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 610. The transceiver 606 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0194] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 610 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0195] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 610 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0196] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a processor 700 that is suitable for implementing some embodiments of the present disclosure. The processor 700 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 700 may include a controller 702 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 700 may optionally include at least one memory 704, such as L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 700 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 706. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0197] The processor 700 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 700) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0198] The controller 702 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 700 to cause the processor 700 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 702 may operate as a control unit of the processor 700, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 700. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0199] The controller 702 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 704 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 700 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 702 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 704. The controller 702 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 702 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 700 to cause the processor 700 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 702 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 700. The controller 702 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 700.
[0200] The memory 704 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 700 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementations, the memory 704 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 700) . In some other implementations, the memory 704 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 700) .
[0201] The memory 704 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 700, cause the processor 700 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 702 and / or the processor 700 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 704 to cause the processor 700 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 700 and / or the controller 702 may be coupled with or to the memory 704, the processor 700, the controller 702, and the memory 704 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 700 may include multiple processors and the memory 704 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0202] The one or more ALUs 706 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, the one or more ALUs 706 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 700) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 706 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 700) . One or more ALUs 706 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 706 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 706 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 706 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 706 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0203] The processor 700 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 700 may be configured to or operable to support a means for operations described in some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0204] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of a method 800 performed by a first CN entity in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 800 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 800 may be performed by a first CN entity which includes a first SF, such as the T-SF 206-2, as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0205] At 810, the method may include receiving, from a first network entity, a first message comprising a UE ID and a UE context, wherein the first network entity comprises one of a second SF or an AMF. The operations of 810 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 810 may be performed by a first CN entity comprising a first SF (e.g., the T-SF 206-2 as described with reference to FIG. 4B or 4C) .
[0206] At 820, the method may include transmitting, to a second network entity, a second message comprising the UE ID information and an IP address of a first SF. The operations of 820 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 820 may be performed by the first CN entity comprising a first SF (e.g., the T-SF 206-2 as described with reference to FIG. 4B or 4C) .
[0207] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method 900 performed by a second CN entity in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 900 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 900 may be performed by a second CN entity which includes an SMF 401, as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0208] At 910, the method may include receiving, from a third network entity, a third message comprising a UE ID and an IP address of a first SF. The operations of 910 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 910 may be performed by the second CN entity which includes an SMF such as the SMF 401 as described with reference to FIG. 4B or 4C or the S-SMF 401-1 as described with reference to FIG. 5B.
[0209] At 920, the method may include performing, based on the third message, one of the following: informing a UPF to perform IP address replacement, informing the UPF and the UE of SF switch, or triggering a UPF relocation. The operations of 920 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 920 may be performed by the second CN entity which includes an SMF such as the SMF 401 as described with reference to FIG. 4B or 4C or the S-SMF 401-1 as described with reference to FIG. 5B.
[0210] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1000 performed by a third CN entity in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1000 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1000 may be performed by a third CN entity which includes an AMF 205, as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0211] At 1010, the method may include transmitting, to an SF, a UE relocation request for triggering a relocation from a second AMF to a first AMF, wherein the UE relocation request comprises a UE ID, and wherein the third CN entity comprises one of the first AMF or the second AMF. The operations of 1010 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1010 may be performed by the third CN entity which includes the S-AMF 205-1 or the T-AMF 205-2 as described with reference to FIG. 3B.
[0212] At 1020, the method may include receiving, from the SF, a UE relocation response. The operations of 1020 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1020 may be performed by the third CN entity which includes the S-AMF 205-1 or the T-AMF 205-2 as described with reference to FIG. 3B.
[0213] It should be noted that the methods described herein describes possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0214] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0215] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0216] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
[0217] As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0218] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A first core network (CN) entity comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the first CN entity to:receive, from a first network entity, a first message comprising a user equipment (UE) identifier (ID) and a UE context, wherein the first network entity comprises one of a second sensing function (SF) or an access management function (AMF) ; andtransmit, to a second network entity, a second message comprising UE information and an internet protocol (IP) address of a first SF, wherein the first CN entity comprises the first SF.2.The first CN entity of claim 1, wherein the UE context comprises at least one of the following:A UE IP address,session management function (SMF) information of an SMF,a user plane solution indication,an SF switch indication which indicates a switch from the second SF to the first SF, orSF information of the second SF.3.The first CN entity of claim 1, wherein the second message further comprises at least one of the following:a port number of the first SF, oran SF switch indication which indicates a switch from the second SF to the first SF.4.The first CN entity of claim 1, wherein the second network entity is the UE, the UE information comprises a UE IP address, and wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the first CN entity to:set the UE IP address as a destination IP address of a downlink IP packet.5.The first CN entity of claim 2, wherein the second network entity is the SMF which is determined based on the SMF information in the UE context.6.The first CN entity of claim 1, wherein the first network entity is the AMF, and wherein the second message further comprises: an indication of SF IP address change.7.A second core network (CN) entity comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the second CN entity to:receive, from a third network entity, a third message comprising a user equipment (UE) identifier (ID) and an internet protocol (IP) address of a first sensing function (SF) ; andperform, based on the third message, one of the following:informing a user plane function (UPF) to perform IP address replacement,informing the UPF and the UE of SF switch, ortriggering a UPF relocation.8.The second CN entity of claim 7, wherein the third message further comprises at least one of the following:a port number of the first SF,an SF switch indication which indicates a switch from a second SF to the first SF, oran indication of SF IP address change.9.The second CN entity of claim 7, wherein the third network entity is an access management function (AMF) , and wherein the third message further comprises at least one of the following:a packet data unit (PDU) session ID for sensing, ora sensing indication.10.The second CN entity of claim 7, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the second CN entity to:transmit, to the UPF, a fourth message comprising at least one of the following for replacement:a session ID,a flow ID,an indication for replacing a destination IP address of an uplink packet with the IP address of the first SF,an indication for replacing a destination port number of the uplink packet with a port number of the first SF,an indication for replacing a source IP address of a downlink packet with an IP address of a second SF, oran indication for replacing a source port number of the downlink packet with a port number of the second SF.11.The second CN entity of claim 7, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the second CN entity to:transmit, to the UPF, a fifth message comprising at least one of the following:a session ID,a flow ID,the IP address of the first SF as a destination IP address for uplink packet and as a source IP address for downlink packet, ora port number of the first SF as a destination port number for uplink packet and as a source port number for downlink packet; andtransmit, to the UE, a sixth message comprising at least one of the following:a session ID,a flow ID,the IP address of the first SF, orthe port number of the first SF.12.The second CN entity of claim 7, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the second CN entity to:transmit, to the UE, a PDU session release message comprising an IP address of the first SF.13.The second CN entity of claim 12, wherein the PDU session release message further comprises at least one of the following:a port number of the first SF, ora cause indication indicating that a PDU session re-establishment to the first SF is required.14.A third core network (CN) entity n access management function (AMF) comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the third CN entity to:transmit, to a sensing function (SF) , a user equipment (UE) relocation request for triggering a relocation from a second AMF to a first AMF, wherein the UE relocation request comprises a UE identifier (ID) , and wherein the third CN entity comprises one of the first AMF or the second AMF; andreceive, from the SF, a UE relocation response.15.The third CN entity of claim 14, wherein the UE relocation response comprises one of the following:the UE ID,sensing capability information,information of at least one ongoing sensing task, ora sensing UE mobility pattern.16.The third CN entity of claim 14, wherein the UE relocation request further comprises one of the following:an AMF switch indication which indicates a switch from the second AMF to the first AMF, orAMF information of the other one of the first AMF or the second AMF.17.The third CN entity of claim 14, wherein the third CN entity comprises the first AMF, and wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the third CN entity to:receive, from the UE, a tracking area update message;transmit, to the second AMF, a UE context request; andreceive, from the second AMF, a UE context response comprising the UE ID and SF information of the SF.18.The third CN entity of claim 14, wherein the third CN entity comprises the first AMF, and wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the third CN entity to:receive, from the second AMF, a create UE context request comprising the UE ID and SF information of the SF; andtransmit, to the second AMF, a create UE context response comprising N2 information for the second AMF to send a handover command to a corresponding base station.19.The third CN entity of claim 14, wherein the third CN entity comprises the second AMF, and wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the third CN entity to:receive, from the first AMF, a UE context request; andtransmit, to the first AMF, a UE context response comprising the UE ID and SF information of the SF.20.The third CN entity of claim 14, wherein the third CN entity comprises the second AMF, and wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the third CN entity to:receive, from a corresponding base station, a handover request;transmit, to the first AMF, a create UE context request comprising the UE ID and SF information of the SF;receive, from the first AMF, a create UE context response comprising N2 information for the second AMF to send a handover command to the corresponding base station; andtransmit, to the corresponding base station, the handover command based on the N2 information.
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