Werner syndrome RECQ helicase (WRN) inhibitors and methods of uses thereof
WRN inhibitors are developed to target and inhibit Werner syndrome RecQ helicase activity in MSI-H or dMMR cancers, stabilizing DNA structures and preventing chromosome disruption, providing a therapeutic approach for difficult-to-treat cancers.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/089790
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-04-19
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-18
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-23
AI Technical Summary
There is an urgent need for novel compounds that can inhibit Werner syndrome RecQ helicase (WRN) activity to treat mismatch repair defective cancers, particularly those characterized by microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) such as colorectal, gastric, and endometrial cancers, as these cancers are difficult to treat due to the instability of dinucleotide TA repeats and secondary DNA structures formed during DNA replication.
Development of compounds that act as WRN inhibitors, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts and stereoisomers, to inhibit WRN activity in cancer cells, thereby preventing the formation of harmful secondary DNA structures and chromosome disruption.
The compounds effectively inhibit WRN activity, potentially treating MSI-H or dMMR cancers by stabilizing DNA structures and preventing chromosome instability, offering a therapeutic strategy for these challenging cancer types.
Smart Images

Figure PCTCN2025089790-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2025089790-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2025089790-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
WERNER SYNDROME RECQ HELICASE (WRN) INHIBITORS AND METHODS OF USES THEREOFCROSS-REFERENCE
[0001] This patent application claims the benefit of International Application No. PCT / CN2024 / 088943, filed April 19, 2024; which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.BACKGROUND
[0002] Loss of DNA mismatch repair is a common initiating event in cancer development. genomic lesions caused by defects in the mismatch repair machinery (dMMR) are called microsatellite instability (MSI) . The state of MSI is common in colorectal, endometrial, ovarian and gastric cancers and other cancer types. Mutations or silencing of MMR genes, including MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2, disrupts the cell's ability to repair DNA mismatches. MSI can be assessed by molecular testing of five microsatellites -including two single nucleotides (BAT25 and BAT26) and three dinucleotides (D2S123, D5S346, D17S250) . If two or more microsatellite markers show instability, the tumor is denoted as MSI-high (MSI-H) ; if only one microsatellite marker shows instability, the tumor is denoted as MSI-low (MSI-L) ; if none of the five microsatellite markers show instability, the tumor is denoted as MS-stable (MSS) .
[0003] WRN (Werner syndrome RecQ helicase) contains an exonuclease structural domain and an ATP-dependent helicase structural domain. It is localized in the nucleus and unravels double-stranded DNA, particularly secondary structures, during DNA replication, damage and repair. The helicase activity of WRN has been shown to be essential for the survival of cells defective in mismatch repair, i.e. MSI cells. It has been shown that dinucleotide TA repeats are selectively unstable in MSI cells and undergo large scale expansions. These expanded TA repeats form secondary DNA structures that require WRN for unwinding. In the absence of WRN proteins or inhibition of their helicase activity, the expanded TA repeats in MSI cells are subject to nuclease cleavage and chromosome disruption. Therefore, inhibition of WRN is a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of mismatch repair defective cancers, and there is an urgent need to develop novel compounds with WRN inhibitory effects that can act as WRN inhibitors.SUMMARY
[0004] Disclosed herein are compounds, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, that are WRN inhibitors.
[0005] Disclosed herein is a compound of Formula (I) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof:
[0006] Also disclosed herein is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound disclosed herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
[0007] Also disclosed herein is a method of inhibiting WRN activity in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject in need thereof a compound disclosed herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, to the subject in need thereof.
[0008] Also disclosed herein is a method of treating a disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject in need thereof a compound disclosed herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, to the subject in need thereof.
[0009] In some embodiments, the disease or disorder is cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is a solid tumor cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is the cancer is characterized as microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) . In some embodiments, the cancer is characterized as microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) is selected from colorectal, gastric, prostate and endometrial cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer characterized as microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) is selected from uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma, stomach adenocarcinoma, rectal adenocarcinoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, uterine carcinosarcoma, cervical squamous cell carcinoma, endocervical adenocarcinoma, esophageal carcinoma, breast carcinoma, kidney renal clear cell carcinoma, prostate cancer and ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma. INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
[0010] All publications, patents, and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent, or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.DETAILED DESCRIPTIONDefinitions
[0011] In the following description, certain specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of various embodiments. However, one skilled in the art will understand that the invention may be practiced without these details. In other instances, well-known structures have not been shown or described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring descriptions of the embodiments. Unless the context requires otherwise, throughout the specification and claims which follow, the word “comprise” and variations thereof, such as, “comprises” and “comprising” are to be construed in an open, inclusive sense, that is, as “including, but not limited to. ” Further, headings provided herein are for convenience only and do not interpret the scope or meaning of the claimed invention.
[0012] Reference throughout this specification to “some embodiments” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. Also, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a, ” “an, ” and “the” include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. It should also be noted that the term “or” is generally employed in its sense including “and / or” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.
[0013] The terms below, as used herein, have the following meanings, unless indicated otherwise:
[0014] “oxo” refers to =O.
[0015] “Carboxyl” refers to -COOH.
[0016] “Cyano” refers to -CN.
[0017] “Alkyl” refers to a straight-chain, or branched-chain saturated hydrocarbon monoradical having from one to about ten carbon atoms, more preferably one to six carbon atoms. Examples include, but are not limited to methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, 2-methyl-1-propyl, 2-methyl-2-propyl, 2-methyl-1-butyl, 3-methyl-1-butyl, 2-methyl-3-butyl, 2, 2-dimethyl-1-propyl, 2-methyl-1-pentyl, 3-methyl-1-pentyl, 4-methyl-1-pentyl, 2-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-2-pentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 2, 2-dimethyl-1-butyl, 3, 3-dimethyl-1-butyl, 2-ethyl-1-butyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-amyl and hexyl, and longer alkyl groups, such as heptyl, octyl and the like. Whenever it appears herein, a numerical range such as “C1-C6 alkyl” or “C1-6alkyl” , means that the alkyl group may consist of 1 carbon atom, 2 carbon atoms, 3 carbon atoms, 4 carbon atoms, 5 carbon atoms or 6 carbon atoms, although the present definition also covers the occurrence of the term “alkyl” where no numerical range is designated. In some embodiments, the alkyl is a C1-10alkyl. In some embodiments, the alkyl is a C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, the alkyl is a C1-5alkyl. In some embodiments, the alkyl is a C1-4alkyl. In some embodiments, the alkyl is a C1-3alkyl. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkyl group may be optionally substituted, for example, with oxo, halogen, amino, nitrile, nitro, hydroxyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, the alkyl is optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, -CN, -COOH, -COOMe, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, the alkyl is optionally substituted with halogen, -CN, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the alkyl is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0018] “Alkylidenyl” is alkenyl as defined above that is attached via the terminal divalent carbon. For example, in the compound below: the alkylidenyl group is enclosed by the box which is indicated by the arrow.
[0019] “Alkenyl” refers to a straight-chain, or branched-chain hydrocarbon monoradical having one or more carbon-carbon double-bonds and having from two to about ten carbon atoms, more preferably two to about six carbon atoms. The group may be in either the cis or trans conformation about the double bond (s) , and should be understood to include both isomers. Examples include, but are not limited to ethenyl (-CH=CH2) , 1-propenyl (-CH2CH=CH2) , isopropenyl [-C (CH3) =CH2] , butenyl, 1, 3-butadienyl and the like. Whenever it appears herein, a numerical range such as “C2-C6 alkenyl” or “C2-6alkenyl” , means that the alkenyl group may consist of 2 carbon atoms, 3 carbon atoms, 4 carbon atoms, 5 carbon atoms or 6 carbon atoms, although the present definition also covers the occurrence of the term “alkenyl” where no numerical range is designated. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkenyl group may be optionally substituted, for example, with oxo, halogen, amino, nitrile, nitro, hydroxyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, the alkenyl is optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, -CN, -COOH, -COOMe, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, the alkenyl is optionally substituted with halogen, -CN, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the alkenyl is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0020] “Alkynyl” refers to a straight-chain or branched-chain hydrocarbon monoradical having one or more carbon-carbon triple-bonds and having from two to about ten carbon atoms, more preferably from two to about six carbon atoms. Examples include, but are not limited to ethynyl, 2-propynyl, 2-butynyl, 1, 3-butadiynyl and the like. Whenever it appears herein, a numerical range such as “C2-C6 alkynyl” or “C2-6alkynyl” , means that the alkynyl group may consist of 2 carbon atoms, 3 carbon atoms, 4 carbon atoms, 5 carbon atoms or 6 carbon atoms, although the present definition also covers the occurrence of the term “alkynyl” where no numerical range is designated. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkynyl group may be optionally substituted, for example, with oxo, halogen, amino, nitrile, nitro, hydroxyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, the alkynyl is optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, -CN, -COOH, COOMe, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, the alkynyl is optionally substituted with halogen, -CN, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the alkynyl is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0021] “Alkylene” refers to a straight or branched divalent hydrocarbon chain. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkylene group may be optionally substituted, for example, with oxo, halogen, amino, nitrile, nitro, hydroxyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, the alkylene is optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, -CN, -COOH, COOMe, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, the alkylene is optionally substituted with halogen, -CN, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the alkylene is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0022] “Alkoxy” refers to a radical of the formula -Oalkyl where alkyl is as defined above. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkoxy group may be optionally substituted, for example, with oxo, halogen, amino, nitrile, nitro, hydroxyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, the alkoxy is optionally substituted with halogen, -CN, -COOH, COOMe, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, the alkoxy is optionally substituted with halogen, -CN, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the alkoxy is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0023] “Aryl” refers to a radical derived from a hydrocarbon ring system comprising 6 to 30 carbon atoms and at least one aromatic ring. The aryl radical may be a monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, or tetracyclic ring system, which may include fused (when fused with a cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl ring, the aryl is bonded through an aromatic ring atom) or bridged ring systems. In some embodiments, the aryl is a 6-to 10-membered aryl. In some embodiments, the aryl is a 6-membered aryl (phenyl) . Aryl radicals include, but are not limited to, aryl radicals derived from the hydrocarbon ring systems of anthrylene, naphthylene, phenanthrylene, anthracene, azulene, benzene, chrysene, fluoranthene, fluorene, as-indacene, s-indacene, indane, indene, naphthalene, phenalene, phenanthrene, pleiadene, pyrene, and triphenylene. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an aryl may be optionally substituted, for example, with halogen, amino, nitrile, nitro, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, the aryl is optionally substituted with halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -COOH, COOMe, -CF3, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, the aryl is optionally substituted with halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -CF3, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the aryl is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0024] “Cycloalkyl” refers to a partially or fully saturated, monocyclic, or polycyclic carbocyclic ring, which may include fused (when fused with an aryl or a heteroaryl ring, the cycloalkyl is bonded through a non-aromatic ring atom) , spiro, or bridged ring systems. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is fully saturated. Representative cycloalkyls include, but are not limited to, cycloalkyls having from three to fifteen carbon atoms (e.g., C3-C15 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C3-C15 cycloalkenyl) , from three to ten carbon atoms (e.g., C3-C10 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C3-C10 cycloalkenyl) , from three to eight carbon atoms (e.g., C3-C8 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C3-C8 cycloalkenyl) , from three to six carbon atoms (e.g., C3-C6 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkenyl) , from three to five carbon atoms (e.g., C3-C5 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C3-C5 cycloalkenyl) , or three to four carbon atoms (e.g., C3-C4 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C3-C4 cycloalkenyl) . In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is a 3-to 10-membered fully saturated cycloalkyl or a 3-to 10-membered cycloalkenyl. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is a 3-to 6-membered fully saturated cycloalkyl or a 3-to 6-membered cycloalkenyl. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is a 5-to 6-membered fully saturated cycloalkyl or a 5-to 6-membered cycloalkenyl. Monocyclic cycloalkyls include, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl. Polycyclic cycloalkyls include, for example, adamantyl, norbornyl, decalinyl, bicyclo [3.3.0] octane, bicyclo [4.3.0] nonane, cis-decalin, trans-decalin, bicyclo [2.1.1] hexane, bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, bicyclo [2.2.2] octane, bicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, and bicyclo [3.3.2] decane, and 7, 7-dimethyl-bicyclo [2.2.1] heptanyl. Partially saturated cycloalkyls include, for example cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, and cyclooctenyl. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a cycloalkyl is optionally substituted, for example, with oxo, halogen, amino, nitrile, nitro, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -COOH, COOMe, -CF3, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -CF3, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0025] “Halo” or “halogen” refers to bromo, chloro, fluoro or iodo. In some embodiments, halogen is fluoro or chloro. In some embodiments, halogen is fluoro.
[0026] “Haloalkyl” refers to an alkyl radical, as defined above, that is substituted by one or more halo radicals, as defined above, e.g., trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, fluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl, 1, 2-difluoroethyl, 3-bromo-2-fluoropropyl, 1, 2-dibromoethyl, and the like.
[0027] “Hydroxyalkyl” refers to an alkyl radical, as defined above, that is substituted by one or more hydroxyls. In some embodiments, the alkyl is substituted with one hydroxyl. In some embodiments, the alkyl is substituted with one, two, or three hydroxyls. Hydroxyalkyl include, for example, hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, hydroxybutyl, or hydroxypentyl. In some embodiments, the hydroxyalkyl is hydroxymethyl.
[0028] “Aminoalkyl” refers to an alkyl radical, as defined above, that is substituted by one or more amines. In some embodiments, the alkyl is substituted with one amine. In some embodiments, the alkyl is substituted with one, two, or three amines. Aminoalkyl include, for example, aminomethyl, aminoethyl, aminopropyl, aminobutyl, or aminopentyl. In some embodiments, the aminoalkyl is aminomethyl.
[0029] “Heteroalkyl” refers to an alkyl group in which one or more skeletal atoms of the alkyl are selected from an atom other than carbon, e.g., oxygen, nitrogen (e.g., -NH-, -N (alkyl) -) , sulfur, phosphorus, or combinations thereof. A heteroalkyl is attached to the rest of the molecule at a carbon atom of the heteroalkyl. In one aspect, a heteroalkyl is a C1-C6 heteroalkyl wherein the heteroalkyl is comprised of 1 to 6 carbon atoms and one or more atoms other than carbon, e.g., oxygen, nitrogen (e.g., -NH-, -N (alkyl) -) , sulfur, phosphorus, or combinations thereof wherein the heteroalkyl is attached to the rest of the molecule at a carbon atom of the heteroalkyl. Examples of such heteroalkyl are, for example, -CH2OCH3, -CH2CH2OCH3, -CH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH3, -CH (CH3) OCH3, -CH2NHCH3, -CH2N (CH3) 2, -CH2CH2NHCH3, or -CH2CH2N (CH3) 2. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a heteroalkyl is optionally substituted for example, with oxo, halogen, amino, nitrile, nitro, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl is optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -CF3, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl is optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -CF3, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the heteroalkyl is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0030] “Heterocycloalkyl” refers to a 3-to 24-membered partially or fully saturated ring radical comprising 2 to 23 carbon atoms and from one to 8 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, silicon, and sulfur. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is fully saturated. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl comprises one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl comprises one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen and oxygen. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl comprises one to three nitrogens. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl comprises one or two nitrogens. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl comprises one nitrogen. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl comprises one nitrogen and one oxygen. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, the heterocycloalkyl radical may be a monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, or tetracyclic ring system, which may include fused (when fused with an aryl or a heteroaryl ring, the heterocycloalkyl is bonded through a non-aromatic ring atom) , spiro, or bridged ring systems; and the nitrogen, carbon, or sulfur atoms in the heterocycloalkyl radical may be optionally oxidized; the nitrogen atom may be optionally quaternized. Representative heterocycloalkyls include, but are not limited to, heterocycloalkyls having from two to fifteen carbon atoms (e.g., C2-C15 fully saturated heterocycloalkyl or C2-C15 heterocycloalkenyl) , from two to ten carbon atoms (e.g., C2-C10 fully saturated heterocycloalkyl or C2-C10 heterocycloalkenyl) , from two to eight carbon atoms (e.g., C2-C8 fully saturated heterocycloalkyl or C2-C8 heterocycloalkenyl) , from two to seven carbon atoms (e.g., C2-C7 fully saturated heterocycloalkyl or C2-C7 heterocycloalkenyl) , from two to six carbon atoms (e.g., C2-C6 fully saturated heterocycloalkyl or C2-C6 heterocycloalkenyl) , from two to five carbon atoms (e.g., C2-C5 fully saturated heterocycloalkyl or C2-C5 heterocycloalkenyl) , or two to four carbon atoms (e.g., C2-C4 fully saturated heterocycloalkyl or C2-C4 heterocycloalkenyl) . Examples of such heterocycloalkyl radicals include, but are not limited to, aziridinyl, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, dioxolanyl, thienyl [1, 3] dithianyl, decahydroisoquinolyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, morpholinyl, octahydroindolyl, octahydroisoindolyl, 2-oxopiperazinyl, 2-oxopiperidinyl, 2-oxopyrrolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, 4-piperidonyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, quinuclidinyl, thiazolidinyl, tetrahydrofuryl, trithianyl, tetrahydropyranyl, thiomorpholinyl, thiamorpholinyl, 1-oxo-thiomorpholinyl, 1, 1-dioxo-thiomorpholinyl, 1, 3-dihydroisobenzofuran-1-yl, 3-oxo-1, 3-dihydroisobenzofuran-1-yl, methyl-2-oxo-1, 3-dioxol-4-yl, and 2-oxo-1, 3-dioxol-4-yl. The term heterocycloalkyl also includes all ring forms of the carbohydrates, including but not limited to the monosaccharides, the disaccharides, and the oligosaccharides. In some embodiments, heterocycloalkyls have from 2 to 10 carbons in the ring. It is understood that when referring to the number of carbon atoms in a heterocycloalkyl, the number of carbon atoms in the heterocycloalkyl is not the same as the total number of atoms (including the heteroatoms) that make up the heterocycloalkyl (i.e. skeletal atoms of the heterocycloalkyl ring) . In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is a 3-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is a 3-to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is a 3-to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is a 4-to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is a 5-to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is a 3-to 8-membered heterocycloalkenyl. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is a 3-to 7-membered heterocycloalkenyl. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is a 3-to 6-membered heterocycloalkenyl. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is a 4-to 6-membered heterocycloalkenyl. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is a 5-to 6-membered heterocycloalkenyl. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a heterocycloalkyl may be optionally substituted as described below, for example, with oxo, halogen, amino, nitrile, nitro, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -COOH, COOMe, -CF3, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -CF3, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0031] “Heteroaryl” refers to a 5-to 14-membered ring system radical comprising one to thirteen carbon atoms, one to six heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, and sulfur, and at least one aromatic ring. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl comprises one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl comprises one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen and oxygen. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl comprises one to three nitrogens. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl comprises one or two nitrogens. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl comprises one nitrogen. The heteroaryl radical may be a monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, or tetracyclic ring system, which may include fused (when fused with a cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl ring, the heteroaryl is bonded through an aromatic ring atom) or bridged ring systems; and the nitrogen, carbon, or sulfur atoms in the heteroaryl radical may be optionally oxidized; the nitrogen atom may be optionally quaternized. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is a 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is a 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is a 6-membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is a 5-membered heteroaryl. Examples include, but are not limited to, azepinyl, acridinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzindolyl, benzodioxolyl, benzofuranyl, benzooxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, benzo [b] [1, 4] dioxepinyl, 1, 4-benzodioxanyl, benzonaphthofuranyl, benzoxazolyl, benzodioxinyl, benzopyranyl, benzopyranonyl, benzofuranyl, benzofuranonyl, benzothienyl (benzothiophenyl) , benzotriazolyl, benzo [4, 6] imidazo [1, 2-a] pyridinyl, carbazolyl, cinnolinyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophenyl, furanyl, furanonyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, isoquinolyl, indolizinyl, isoxazolyl, naphthyridinyl, oxadiazolyl, 2-oxoazepinyl, oxazolyl, oxiranyl, 1-oxidopyridinyl, 1-oxidopyrimidinyl, 1-oxidopyrazinyl, 1-oxidopyridazinyl, 1-phenyl-1H-pyrrolyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, phthalazinyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinolinyl, quinuclidinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, triazinyl, and thiophenyl (i.e., thienyl) . Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a heteroaryl may be optionally substituted, for example, with halogen, amino, nitrile, nitro, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is optionally substituted with halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -COOH, COOMe, -CF3, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is optionally substituted with halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -CF3, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0032] The term “optional” or “optionally” means that the subsequently described event or circumstance may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where said event or circumstance occurs and instances in which it does not. For example, “optionally substituted alkyl” means either “alkyl” or “substituted alkyl” as defined above. Further, an optionally substituted group may be un-substituted (e.g., -CH2CH3) , fully substituted (e.g., -CF2CF3) , mono-substituted (e.g., -CH2CH2F) or substituted at a level anywhere in-between fully substituted and mono-substituted (e.g., -CH2CHF2, -CH2CF3, -CF2CH3, -CFHCHF2, etc. ) . It will be understood by those skilled in the art with respect to any group containing one or more substituents that such groups are not intended to introduce any substitution or substitution patterns that are sterically impractical and / or synthetically non-feasible. Thus, any substituents described should generally be understood as having a maximum molecular weight of about 1,000 daltons, and more typically, up to about 500 daltons.
[0033] The term “one or more” when referring to an optional substituent means that the subject group is optionally substituted with one, two, three, four, or more substituents. In some embodiments, the subject group is optionally substituted with one, two, three or four substituents. In some embodiments, the subject group is optionally substituted with one, two, or three substituents. In some embodiments, the subject group is optionally substituted with one or two substituents. In some embodiments, the subject group is optionally substituted with one substituent. In some embodiments, the subject group is optionally substituted with two substituents.
[0034] An “effective amount” or “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount of a compound administered to a mammalian subject, either as a single dose or as part of a series of doses, which is effective to produce a desired therapeutic effect.
[0035] The terms “treat, ” “treating” or “treatment, ” as used herein, include alleviating, abating, or ameliorating at least one symptom of a disease or condition, preventing additional symptoms, inhibiting the disease or condition, e.g., arresting the development of the disease or condition, relieving the disease or condition, causing regression of the disease or condition, relieving a condition caused by the disease or condition, or stopping the symptoms of the disease or condition.
[0036] As used herein, a “disease or disorder associated with WRN” or, alternatively, “aWRN-mediated disease or disorder” means any disease or other deleterious condition in which WRN, or a mutant thereof, is known or suspected to play a role. Compounds
[0037] Described herein is a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof useful in the treatment of a disease or disorder associated with WRN.
[0038] Disclosed herein is a compound of Formula (I) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof: wherein: each of X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, and X6 is independently C, CR, N, O, and S; Z is C (RZ) or N; RZ is H, CN, oxo (=O) , -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -OC (=O) ORb, -OC (=O) NRcRd, -SF5, -SH, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRcRd, -S (=O) (=NRb) Rb, -NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) Ra, -NRbC (=O) ORb, -NRbS (=O) 2Ra, -N=S (=O) (Rb) 2, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORb, -C (=O) NRcRd, or -P (=O) (Rb) 2; R1 is cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R1a; R2 is cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R2a; Ring A is cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl, wherein cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R1A; Ring B is cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl, wherein cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R1B; Ring C is cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl, wherein cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R1C; L is -C (O) -, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, or R5 is C1-6 alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R5a; each of R1a, R2a, R1A, R1B, R1C and R5a is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, - OC (=O) ORb, -OC (=O) NRcRd, -SF5, -SH, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRcRd, -S (=O) (=NRb) Rb, -NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) Ra, -NRbC (=O) ORb, -NRbS (=O) 2Ra, -N=S (=O) (Rb) 2, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORb, -C (=O) NRcRd, -P (=O) (Rb) 2, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R; or two R1a on the same carbon are taken together to form a C2-C6 alkylidenyl optionally substituted with or more R; each Ra is independently C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C1-C6alkylene (cycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkylene (heterocycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkylene (aryl) , or C1-C6alkylene (heteroaryl) , wherein each alkyl, alkylene, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R; each Rb is independently hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1- C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C1-C6alkylene (cycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkylene (heterocycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkylene (aryl) , or C1-C6alkylene (heteroaryl) , wherein each alkyl, alkylene, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R; Rc and Rd are each independently hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C1-C6alkylene (cycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkylene (heterocycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkylene (aryl) , or C1-C6alkylene (heteroaryl) , wherein each alkyl, alkylene, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R; or Rc and Rd are taken together with the atom to which they are attached to form a heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or more R; and each R is independently halogen, -CN, -OH, -SF5, -SH, -S (=O) C1-C3alkyl, -S (=O) 2C1-C3alkyl, -S (=O) 2NH2, - S (=O) 2NHC1-C3alkyl, -S (=O) 2N (C1-C3alkyl) 2, -S (=O) (=NC1-C3alkyl) (C1-C3alkyl) , -NH2, -NHC1-C3alkyl, -N (C1-C3alkyl) 2, -N=S (=O) (C1-C3alkyl) 2, -C (=O) C1-C3alkyl, -C (=O) OH, -C (=O) OC1-C3alkyl, -C (=O) NH2, -C (=O) NHC1-C3alkyl, -C (=O) N (C1-C3alkyl) 2, -P (=O) (C1-C3alkyl) 2, C1-C3alkyl, C1-C3alkoxy, C1-C3haloalkyl, C1-C3haloalkoxy, C1-C3hydroxyalkyl, C1-C3aminoalkyl, C1-C3heteroalkyl, or C3-C6cycloalkyl; or two R on the same atom form an oxo.
[0039] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , is an aromatic ring. In some embodiments, is a heteroaryl ring. In some embodiments, is an aromatic ring. In some embodiments, is a heteroaryl ring. In some embodiments, is an aromatic ring. In some embodiments, is a heteroaryl ring. In some embodiments, at least one of X2 and X5 is N. In some embodiments, X2 is N and X5 is C. In some embodiments, X1 is N and X6 is N. In some embodiments, X4 is N.
[0040] In some embodiments of the compound of Formula (I) , is In some embodiments, is an aromatic ring. In some embodiments, is a heteroaryl ring. In some embodiments, is an aromatic ring. In some embodiments, at least one of X2 and X5 is N. In some embodiments, X1 is N and X6 is N.
[0041] In some embodiments of the compound of Formula ( (I) , is
[0042] In some embodiments of the compound of Formula (I) , is
[0043] In some embodiments of the compound of Formula (I) , is
[0044] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , is selected from
[0045] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , Z is N.
[0046] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , Z is C (RZ) . In some embodiments, RZ is H, CN, oxo (=O) , -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -OC (=O) ORb, -OC (=O) NRcRd, -SF5, -SH, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRcRd, -S (=O) (=NRb) Rb, -NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) Ra, -NRbC (=O) ORb, -NRbS (=O) 2Ra, -N=S (=O) (Rb) 2, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORb, -C (=O) NRcRd, or -P (=O) (Rb) 2. In some embodiments, RZ is H, CN, oxo (=O) , -ORa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRcRd, -S (=O) (=NRb) Rb, -NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) Ra, -NRbC (=O) ORb, or -C (=O) Ra. In some embodiments, RZ is H, CN, oxo (=O) , -ORa, -SRa, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRcRd, -NRcRd, or -C (=O) NRcRd. In some embodiments, RZ is CN, oxo (=O) , or -C (=O) NRcRd. In some embodiments, RZ is CN, oxo (=O) , or -C (=O) NH2. In some embodiments, Z is C-CN, C (=O) , or C-C (=O) NH2. In some embodiments, Z is C (=O) .
[0047] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , the compound is of Formula (Ia) :
[0048] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) or (Ia) , Ring A is C5-C10 cycloalkyl or 5-to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl, wherein cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., two, or three, etc) R1A. In some embodiments, Ring A is C5-C10 cycloalkyl, C5-C9 cycloalkyl, C5-C8 cycloalkyl, C5-C7 cycloalkyl, C5-C6 cycloalkyl, C5 cycloalkyl, C6 cycloalkyl, or C7 cycloalkyl, wherein cycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., two, or three, etc) R1A. In some embodiments, Ring A is 5-to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl, 5-to 0-membered heterocycloalkyl, 5-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl, 5-to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, 5-to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, 5-membered heterocycloalkyl, 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, wherein heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., two, or three, etc) R1A. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl comprises one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl comprises one or two heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl comprises one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, and oxygen.
[0049] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) or (Ia) , each R1A is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -SF5, -SH, -SRa, -NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, 5-to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, phenyl, or 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl; wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R. In some embodiments, each R1A is independently halogen, -OH, -ORa, -CN, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, or C1-C6heteroalkyl; wherein each alkyl, is independently optionally substituted with one or more R. In some embodiments, each R1A is independently F, Cl, Br, OH, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, methyl, ethyl, propyl, or butyl. In some embodiments, each R1A is independently F, OH, or methyl.
[0050] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) or (Ia) , Ring B is C4-C10 cycloalkyl or 4-to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl, wherein cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., two, or three, etc) R1B. In some embodiments, Ring B is C4-C10 cycloalkyl, C5-C10 cycloalkyl, C5-C9 cycloalkyl, C5-C8 cycloalkyl, C5-C7 cycloalkyl, C5-C6 cycloalkyl, C4 cycloalkyl, C5 cycloalkyl, C6 cycloalkyl, or C7 cycloalkyl, wherein cycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., two, or three, etc) R1B. In some embodiments, Ring B is 4-to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl, 5-to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl, 5-to 9-membered heterocycloalkyl, 5-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl, 5-to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, 5-to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl, 4-to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, 4-to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, 4-membered heterocycloalkyl, 5-membered heterocycloalkyl, 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, 8-membered heterocycloalkyl, wherein heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., two, or three, etc) R1B. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl comprises one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl comprises one or two heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl comprises one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, and oxygen. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl comprises one nitrogen. In some embodiments, Ring B is wherein each is independently optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., two, or three, etc) R1B.
[0051] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) or (Ia) , each R1B is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -SF5, -SH, -SRa, -NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, 5-to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, phenyl, or 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl; wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R. In some embodiments, each R1B is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -SF5, -SH, -SRa, -NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, 5-to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl; wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R. In some embodiments, each R1B is independently halogen, C1-C6alkyl, or C1-C6haloalkyl; wherein each alkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R. In some embodiments, each R1B is F, Cl, Br, I, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, -CF3, -CF2H, or -CH2CF3.
[0052] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) or (Ia) , Ring B is
[0053] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) or (Ia) , Ring C is C5-C10 cycloalkyl or 5-to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl, wherein cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., two, or three, etc) R1C. In some embodiments, Ring C is C5-C10 cycloalkyl, C5-C9 cycloalkyl, C5-C8 cycloalkyl, C5-C7 cycloalkyl, C5-C6 cycloalkyl, C5 cycloalkyl, C6 cycloalkyl, or C7 cycloalkyl, wherein cycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., two, or three, etc) R1C. In some embodiments, Ring C is 5-to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl, 5-to 0-membered heterocycloalkyl, 5-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl, 5-to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, 5-to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, 5-membered heterocycloalkyl, 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, wherein heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., two, or three, etc) R1C. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl comprises one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl comprises one or two heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl comprises one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, and oxygen.
[0054] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) or (Ia) , each R1C is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -SF5, -SH, -SRa, -NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, 5-to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, phenyl, or 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl; wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R. In some embodiments, each R1C is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -SF5, -SH, -SRa, -NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, 5-to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl; wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R. In some embodiments, each R1C is independently halogen, C1-C6alkyl, or C1-C6haloalkyl; wherein each alkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R. In some embodiments, each R1C is F, Cl, Br, I, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, -CF3, -CF2H, or -CH2CF3.
[0055] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , the compound is of Formula (Iaa) : wherein n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; m1 is 0, 1, or 2; m2 is 0, 1, or 2; Y1 is O, S, NRY1a, or CRY1bRY1c; Y2 is CRY2 or N; each of RY1a, RY1b, RY1c, and RY2 is independently hydrogen or R1A; Y3 is a bond, O, S, NRY3a, or CRY3bRY3c; Y4 is CRY4aRY4b; each of RY3a, RY3b, RY3c, RY4a and RY4b is independently hydrogen or R1C.
[0056] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (Iaa) , n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. In some embodiments, n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. In some embodiments, n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. In some embodiments, n is 0, 1, or 2.
[0057] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (Iaa) , m1 is 0, 1, or 2, and m2 is 0, 1, or 2. In some embodiments, m1 is 0, m2 is 0, 1 or 2. In some embodiments, m1 is 1, m2 is 0, 1, or 2. In some embodiments, m1 is 1, m2 is 1. In some embodiments, m1 is 0, m2 is 1. In some embodiments, m1 is 1, m2 is 0. In some embodiments, m1 is 2, m2 is 0. In some embodiments, m1 is 0, m2 is 2.
[0058] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (Iaa) , Y1 is O, S, NRY1a, or CRY1bRY1c. In some embodiments, Y1 is O, NRY1a, or CRY1bRY1c. In some embodiments, Y2 is CRY2 or N.
[0059] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (Iaa) , each of RY1a, RY1b, RY1c, and RY2 is independently hydrogen or R1B. In some embodiments, each of RY1a, RY1b, RY1c, and RY2 is independently hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -SF5, -SH, -SRa, -NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, 5-to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl; wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R. In some embodiments, each of RY1a, RY1b, RY1c, and RY2 is independently hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6alkyl, or C1-C6haloalkyl; wherein each alkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R. In some embodiments, each of RY1a, RY1b, RY1c, and RY2 is hydrogen, F, Cl, Br, I, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, -CF3, -CF2H, or -CH2CF3. In some embodiments, each of RY1a, RY1b, RY1c, and RY2 is hydrogen or methyl.
[0060] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (Iaa) , Y3 is a bond, O, S, NRY3a, or CRY3bRY3c. In some embodiments, Y3 is a bond, O, or CRY3bRY3c. In some embodiments, Y3 is a bond. In some embodiments, Y3 is O. In some embodiments, Y3 is CRY3bRY3c. In some embodiments, Y4 is CRY4aRY4b.
[0061] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (Iaa) , each of RY3a, RY3b, RY3c, RY4a and RY4b is independently hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -SF5, -SH, -SRa, -NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, 5-to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl; wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R. In some embodiments, each of RY3a, RY3b, RY3c, RY4a and RY4b is independently hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6alkyl, or C1-C6haloalkyl; wherein each alkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R. In some embodiments, each of RY3a, RY3b, RY3c, RY4a and RY4b is hydrogen, F, Cl, Br, I, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, -CF3, -CF2H, or -CH2CF3.
[0062] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Iaa) , X1 is -N-or -CH-. In some embodiments, X1 is -N-. In some embodiments, X1 is -CH-.
[0063] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Iaa) , R1 is C3-C12 cycloalkyl, 3-to 12-membered heterocycloalkyl, C6-12 aryl, 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, or C2-C6 alkynyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., two, or three, etc) R1a. In some embodiments, R1 is C3-C12 cycloalkyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C5-C6 cycloalkyl, C4 cycloalkyl, C5 cycloalkyl, C6 cycloalkyl, C7 cycloalkyl, or C8 cycloalkyl, wherein each cycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., two, or three, etc) R1a. In some embodiments, R1 is 3-to 12-membered heterocycloalkyl, 3-to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl, 3-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl, 3-to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, 3-to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, 4-to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, 5-to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, 3-membered heterocycloalkyl, 4-membered heterocycloalkyl, 5-membered heterocycloalkyl, 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, wherein each heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., two, or three, etc) R1a. In some embodiments, R1 is C6-12 aryl, C6-10 aryl, or phenyl, wherein each aryl or phenyl independently optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., two, or three, etc) R1a. In some embodiments, R1 is 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 9-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 8-membered heteroaryl, 5-membered heteroaryl, 6-membered heteroaryl, 8-membered heteroaryl, 9-membered heteroaryl, or 10-membered heteroaryl, wherein each heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., two, or three, etc) R1a.
[0064] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Iaa) , each R1a is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -OC (=O) ORb, -OC (=O) NRcRd, -SF5, -SH, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRcRd, -S (=O) (=NRb) Rb, -NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) Ra, -NRbC (=O) ORb, -NRbS (=O) 2Ra, -N=S (=O) (Rb) 2, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORb, -C (=O) NRcRd, -P (=O) (Rb) 2, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, 3-to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, C6-10 aryl, or 5-to 6-heteroaryl; wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R. In some embodiments, each R1a is independently halogen, -ORa, -SF5, -SRa, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or 3-to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R. In some embodiments, each R1a is independently F, Cl, Br, I, CH3, CH2CH3, CF3, CF2H, CF2CF3, CH2CF3, SCF3, OCH3, OCH2CH3, OC2F5, OCF2Cl, SF5, In some embodiments, two R1a on the same carbon are taken together to form a C2-C6 alkylidenyl optionally substituted with or more R. In some embodiments, two R1a on the same carbon are taken together to form a C2-C3 alkylidenyl optionally substituted with or more R. In some embodiments, two R1a on the same carbon are taken together to form a =CF2.
[0065] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Iaa) , R1 is
[0066] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Iaa) , R2 is C3-C12 cycloalkyl, 3-to 12-membered heterocycloalkyl, C6-12 aryl, 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, or C2-C6 alkynyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., two, or three, etc) R2a. In some embodiments, R2 is C3-C12 cycloalkyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C5-C6 cycloalkyl, C4 cycloalkyl, C5 cycloalkyl, C6 cycloalkyl, C7 cycloalkyl, or C8 cycloalkyl, wherein each cycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., two, or three, etc) R2a. In some embodiments, R2 is 3-to 12-membered heterocycloalkyl, 3-to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl, 3-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl, 3-to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, 3-to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, 4-to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, 5-to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, 3-membered heterocycloalkyl, 4-membered heterocycloalkyl, 5-membered heterocycloalkyl, 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, wherein each heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., two, or three, etc) R2a. In some embodiments, R2 is C6-12 aryl, C6-10 aryl, or phenyl, wherein each aryl or phenyl independently optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., two, or three, etc) R2a. In some embodiments, R2 is 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 9-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 8-membered heteroaryl, 5-membered heteroaryl, 6-membered heteroaryl, 8-membered heteroaryl, 9-membered heteroaryl, or 10-membered heteroaryl, wherein each heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., two, or three, etc) R2a.
[0067] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Iaa) , R2 is wherein each is independently optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., two, or three, etc) R2a.
[0068] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Iaa) , each R2a is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -OC (=O) ORb, -OC (=O) NRcRd, -SF5, -SH, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRcRd, -S (=O) (=NRb) Rb, -NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) Ra, -NRbC (=O) ORb, -NRbS (=O) 2Ra, -N=S (=O) (Rb) 2, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORb, -C (=O) NRcRd, -P (=O) (Rb) 2, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, 3-to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, C6-10 aryl, or 5-to 6-heteroaryl; wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R. In some embodiments, each R2a is independently halogen, -ORa, -SF5, -SRa, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or 3-to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R. In some embodiments, each R2a is independently F, Cl, Br, I, CH3, CH2CH3, CF3, CF2H, CF2CF3, CH2CF3, SCF3, OCH3, OCH2CH3, OC2F5, OCF2Cl, SF5,
[0069] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Iaa) , R2 is
[0070] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Iaa) , L is -C (O) -, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, and In some embodiments, L is -C (O) -. In some embodiments, L is -S (O) -. In some embodiments, L is -S (O) 2-. In some embodiments, L is
[0071] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Iaa) , R5 is C1-6 alkyl, C3-12 cycloalkyl, 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl, C6-12 aryl, or 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl, wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R5a. In some embodiments, R5 is C1-3 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, C1-6 alkyl, C1 alkyl, C2 alkyl, C3 alkyl, C4 alkyl, C5 alkyl, or C-6 alkyl, wherein each alkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R5a. In some embodiments, R5 is C3-12 cycloalkyl, C3-10 cycloalkyl, C3-9 cycloalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C4-8 cycloalkyl, C5-6 cycloalkyl, C3 cycloalkyl, C4 cycloalkyl, C5 cycloalkyl, C6 cycloalkyl, C7 cycloalkyl, C8 cycloalkyl, or C9 cycloalkyl, wherein each cycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R5a. In some embodiments, R5 is 3-to 12-membered heterocycloalkyl, 3-to10-membered heterocycloalkyl, 3-to 9-membered heterocycloalkyl, 3-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl, 4-to 9-membered heterocycloalkyl, 5-to 9-membered heterocycloalkyl, 5-to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, 6-to 9-membered heterocycloalkyl, 3 9-membered heterocycloalkyl, 4-membered heterocycloalkyl, 5-membered heterocycloalkyl, 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, 8-membered heterocycloalkyl, or 9-membered heterocycloalkyl, wherein each heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R5a. In some embodiments, R5 is C6-12 aryl, C6-10 aryl, or C6 aryl, wherein each aryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R5a. In some embodiments, R5 is 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 11-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 9-membered heteroaryl, 6-to 10-membered heteroaryl, 6-to 9-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, 5-membered heteroaryl, 6-membered heteroaryl, 7-membered heteroaryl, 8-membered heteroaryl, 9-membered heteroaryl, 10-membered heteroaryl, 11-membered heteroaryl, or 12-membered heteroaryl, wherein each heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R5a.
[0072] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Iaa) , R5 is wherein each is independently optionally substituted with one or more R5a.
[0073] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Iaa) , each R5a is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -OC (=O) ORb, -OC (=O) NRcRd, -SF5, -SH, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRcRd, -S (=O) (=NRb) Rb, -NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) Ra, -NRbC (=O) ORb, -NRbS (=O) 2Ra, -N=S (=O) (Rb) 2, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORb, -C (=O) NRcRd, -P (=O) (Rb) 2, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R. In some embodiments, halogen, -CN, -OH, -ORa, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, C3-C6cycloalkyl, 3-to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, C6-10 aryl, or 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl; wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R.
[0074] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Iaa) , R5 is
[0075] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Iaa) , L-R5 is wherein each is independently optionally substituted with one or more R5a.
[0076] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (V) , (II) , (IIa) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Iaa) , L-R5 is
[0077] In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each Ra is independently C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, C1-C6alkylene (cycloalkyl) , or C1-C6alkylene (heterocycloalkyl) , wherein each alkyl, alkylene, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each Ra is independently C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl, wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each Ra is independently C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl, wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each Ra is independently C1-C6alkyl or C1-C6haloalkyl, wherein each alkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each Ra is independently cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl, wherein each cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each Ra is independently C1-C6alkyl or C1-C6haloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each Ra is independently C1-C6alkyl.
[0078] In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each Rb is independently hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, C1-C6alkylene (cycloalkyl) , or C1-C6alkylene (heterocycloalkyl) , wherein each alkyl, alkylene, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each Rb is independently hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl, wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each Rb is independently hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl, wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each Rb is independently hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, or C1-C6haloalkyl, wherein each alkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each Rb is independently hydrogen, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl, wherein each cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each Rb is independently hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, or C1-C6haloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each Rb is independently hydrogen or C1-C6alkyl. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each Rb is hydrogen. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each Rb is independently C1-C6alkyl.
[0079] In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, Rc and Rd are each independently hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, C1-C6alkylene (cycloalkyl) , or C1-C6alkylene (heterocycloalkyl) , wherein each alkyl, alkylene, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, Rc and Rd are each independently hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl, wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, Rc and Rd are each independently hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl, wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, Rc and Rd are each independently hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, or C1-C6haloalkyl, wherein each alkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, Rc and Rd are each independently hydrogen, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl, wherein each cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, Rc and Rd are each independently hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, or C1-C6haloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, Rc and Rd are each independently hydrogen or C1-C6alkyl. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, Rc and Rd are each hydrogen. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, Rc and Rd are each independently C1-C6alkyl.
[0080] In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, Rc and Rd are taken together with the atom to which they are attached to form a heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or more R.
[0081] In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each R is independently halogen, -CN, -OH, -NH2, -NHC1-C3alkyl, -N (C1-C3alkyl) 2, -C (=O) C1-C3alkyl, -C (=O) OH, -C (=O) OC1-C3alkyl, -C (=O) NH2, -C (=O) NHC1-C3alkyl, -C (=O) N (C1-C3alkyl) 2, C1-C3alkyl, C1-C3alkoxy, C1-C3haloalkyl, C1-C3haloalkoxy, C1-C3hydroxyalkyl, C1-C3aminoalkyl, C1-C3heteroalkyl, or C3-C6cycloalkyl; or two R on the same atom form an oxo. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each R is independently halogen, -CN, -OH, -NH2, -NHC1-C3alkyl, -N (C1-C3alkyl) 2, -C (=O) C1-C3alkyl, C1-C3alkyl, C1-C3alkoxy, C1-C3haloalkyl, C1-C3haloalkoxy, C1-C3hydroxyalkyl, C1-C3aminoalkyl, C1-C3heteroalkyl, or C3-C6cycloalkyl; or two R on the same atom form an oxo. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each R is independently halogen, -CN, -OH, -NH2, C1-C3alkyl, C1-C3alkoxy, C1-C3haloalkyl, C1-C3haloalkoxy, C1-C3hydroxyalkyl, C1-C3aminoalkyl, C1-C3heteroalkyl, or C3-C6cycloalkyl; or two R on the same atom form an oxo. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each R is independently halogen, -CN, -OH, -NH2, C1-C3alkyl, C1-C3alkoxy, or C1-C3haloalkyl; or two R on the same atom form an oxo. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each R is independently halogen, -CN, -OH, -NH2, C1-C3alkyl, or C1-C3haloalkyl; or two R on the same atom form an oxo.
[0082] In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, one or more of R, R1, R1a, R2, R2a, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R2a, R1A, R1B, R1C, R5a Ra, Rb, Rc, RY1a, RY1b, RY1c, RY2, RY3a, RY3b, RY3c, RY4a, RY4b and Rd groups comprise deuterium at a percentage higher than the natural abundance of deuterium.
[0083] In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, one or more 1H are replaced with one or more deuteriums in one or more of the following groups R, R1, R1a, R2, R2a, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R2a, R1A, R1B, R1C, R5a Ra, Rb, Rc, RY1a, RY1b, RY1c, RY2, RY3a, RY3b, RY3c, RY4a, RY4b and Rd.
[0084] In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, the abundance of deuterium in each of R, R1, R1a, R2, R2a, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R2a, R1A, R1B, R1C, R5a Ra, Rb, Rc, RY1a, RY1b, RY1c, RY2, RY3a, RY3b, RY3c, RY4a, RY4b and Rd is independently at least 1%, at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, or 100%by molar.
[0085] In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, one or more 1H of Ring A, Ring B or Ring C are replaced with one or more deuteriums.
[0086] Any combination of the groups described above for the various variables is contemplated herein. Throughout the specification, groups and substituents thereof are chosen by one skilled in the field to provide stable moieties and compounds.
[0087] In some embodiments the compound disclosed herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, is one of the compounds in Table 1. TABLE 1
[0088] *In some embodiments the compound disclosed herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, is one of the compounds in Table 2. TABLE 2 Further Forms of Compounds Disclosed Herein Isomers / Stereoisomers
[0089] In some embodiments, the compounds described herein exist as geometric isomers. In some embodiments, the compounds described herein possess one or more double bonds. The compounds presented herein include all cis, trans, syn, anti, entgegen (E) , and zusammen (Z) isomers as well as the corresponding mixtures thereof. In some situations, the compounds described herein possess one or more chiral centers and each center exists in the R configuration, or S configuration. The compounds described herein include all diastereomeric, enantiomeric, and epimeric forms as well as the corresponding mixtures thereof. In additional embodiments of the compounds and methods provided herein, mixtures of enantiomers and / or diastereoisomers, resulting from a single preparative step, combination, or interconversion are useful for the applications described herein. In some embodiments, the compounds described herein are prepared as their individual stereoisomers by reacting a racemic mixture of the compound with an optically active resolving agent to form a pair of diastereoisomeric compounds, separating the diastereomers and recovering the optically pure enantiomers. In some embodiments, dissociable complexes are preferred. In some embodiments, the diastereomers have distinct physical properties (e.g., melting points, boiling points, solubilities, reactivity, etc. ) and are separated by taking advantage of these dissimilarities. In some embodiments, the diastereomers are separated by chiral chromatography, or preferably, by separation / resolution techniques based upon differences in solubility. In some embodiments, the optically pure enantiomer is then recovered, along with the resolving agent, by any practical means that would not result in racemization.
[0090] Unless explained otherwise, in the present disclosure, bonds represented by solid wedge lines and dashed wedge lines are used to indicate absolute configuration of a chiral center, bonds represented by solid lines and dashed lines are used to indicate relative configuration of a chiral center, and a bond represented by a wavy line is used to indicate (1) a solid wedge line or a dashed wedge line or (2) a solid line or a dashed line Isotopically enriched compounds
[0091] Unless otherwise stated, compounds described herein may exhibit their natural isotopic abundance, or one or more of the atoms may be artificially enriched in a particular isotope having the same atomic number, but an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number predominantly found in nature. All isotopic variations of the compounds of the present disclosure, whether radioactive or not, are encompassed within the scope of the present disclosure. For example, hydrogen has three naturally occurring isotopes, denoted 1H (protium) , 2H (deuterium) , and 3H (tritium) . Protium is the most abundant isotope of hydrogen in nature. Enriching for deuterium may afford some therapeutic advantages, such as increased in vivo half-life and / or exposure, or may provide a compound useful for investigating in vivo routes of drug elimination and metabolism.
[0092] For example, the compounds described herein may be artificially enriched in one or more particular isotopes. In some embodiments, the compounds described herein may be artificially enriched in one or more isotopes that are not predominantly found in nature. In some embodiments, the compounds described herein may be artificially enriched in one or more isotopes selected from deuterium (2H) , tritium (3H) , iodine-125 (125I) or carbon-14 (14C) . In some embodiments, the compounds described herein are artificially enriched in one or more isotopes selected from 2H, 11C, 13C, 14C, 15C, 12N, 13N, 15N, 16N, 16O, 17O, 14F, 15F, 16F, 17F, 18F, 33S, 34S, 35S, 36S, 35Cl, 37Cl, 79Br, 81Br, 131I, and 125I. In some embodiments, the abundance of the enriched isotopes is independently at least 1%, at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, or 100%by molar.
[0093] In some embodiments, the compound is deuterated in at least one position. In some embodiments, the compounds disclosed herein have some or all of the 1H atoms replaced with 2H atoms.
[0094] The methods of synthesis for deuterium-containing compounds are known in the art and include, by way of non-limiting example only, the procedure described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,846,514 and 6,334,997, and the following synthetic methods. For example, deuterium substituted compounds may be synthesized using various methods such as described in: Dean, Dennis C.; Editor. Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Applications of Radiolabeled Compounds for Drug Discovery and Development. [In: Curr., Pharm. Des., 2000; 6 (10) ] 2000, 110 pp; George W.; Varma, Rajender S. The Synthesis of Radiolabeled Compounds via Organometallic Intermediates, Tetrahedron, 1989, 45 (21) , 6601-21; and Evans, E. Anthony. Synthesis of radiolabeled compounds, J. Radioanal. Chem., 1981, 64 (1-2) , 9-32.
[0095] Deuterated starting materials are readily available and are subjected to the synthetic methods described herein to provide for the synthesis of deuterium-containing compounds. Large numbers of deuterium-containing reagents and building blocks are available commercially from chemical vendors, such as Aldrich Chemical Co. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts
[0096] In some embodiments, the compounds described herein exist as their pharmaceutically acceptable salts. In some embodiments, the methods disclosed herein include methods of treating diseases by administering such pharmaceutically acceptable salts. In some embodiments, the methods disclosed herein include methods of treating diseases by administering such pharmaceutically acceptable salts as pharmaceutical compositions.
[0097] In some embodiments, the compounds described herein possess acidic or basic groups and therefore react with any of a number of inorganic or organic bases, and inorganic and organic acids, to form a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. In some embodiments, these salts are prepared in situ during the final isolation and purification of the compounds disclosed herein, or stereoisomer thereof, or by separately reacting a purified compound in its free form with a suitable acid or base, and isolating the salt thus formed.
[0098] Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include those salts prepared by reaction of the compounds described herein with a mineral, organic acid or inorganic base, such salts including, acetate, acrylate, adipate, alginate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate, bisulfate, bisulfite, bromide, butyrate, butyn-1, 4-dioate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, caproate, caprylate, chlorobenzoate, chloride, citrate, cyclopentanepropionate, decanoate, digluconate, dihydrogenphosphate, dinitrobenzoate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, glucoheptanoate, glycerophosphate, glycolate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hexyne-1, 6-dioate, hydroxybenzoate, γ-hydroxybutyrate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, iodide, isobutyrate, lactate, maleate, malonate, methanesulfonate, mandelate metaphosphate, methanesulfonate, methoxybenzoate, methylbenzoate, monohydrogenphosphate, 1-napthalenesulfonate, 2-napthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, palmoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, phosphate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, pyrosulfate, pyrophosphate, propiolate, phthalate, phenylacetate, phenylbutyrate, propanesulfonate, salicylate, succinate, sulfate, sulfite, succinate, suberate, sebacate, sulfonate, tartrate, thiocyanate, tosylate, undecanoate, and xylenesulfonate.
[0099] Further, the compounds described herein can be prepared as pharmaceutically acceptable salts formed by reacting the free base form of the compound with a pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic or organic acid, including, but not limited to, inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid metaphosphoric acid, and the like; and organic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, hexanoic acid, cyclopentanepropionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, lactic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, tartaric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, 3- (4-hydroxybenzoyl) benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, arylsulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, 1, 2-ethanedisulfonic acid, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, 4-methylbicyclo- [2.2.2] oct-2-ene-1-carboxylic acid, glucoheptonic acid, 4, 4’-methylenebis- (3-hydroxy-2-ene-1 -carboxylic acid) , 3-phenylpropionic acid, trimethylacetic acid, tertiary butylacetic acid, lauryl sulfuric acid, gluconic acid, glutamic acid, hydroxynaphthoic acid, salicylic acid, stearic acid and muconic acid. In some embodiments, other acids, such as oxalic, while not in themselves pharmaceutically acceptable, are employed in the preparation of salts useful as intermediates in obtaining the compounds disclosed herein, or stereoisomer thereof and their pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts.
[0100] In some embodiments, those compounds described herein which comprise a free acid group react with a suitable base, such as the hydroxide, carbonate, bicarbonate, sulfate, of a pharmaceutically acceptable metal cation, with ammonia, or with a pharmaceutically acceptable organic primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary amine. Representative salts include the alkali or alkaline earth salts, like lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium, and aluminum salts and the like. Illustrative examples of bases include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, choline hydroxide, sodium carbonate, N+ (C1-4 alkyl) 4, and the like.
[0101] Representative organic amines useful for the formation of base addition salts include ethylamine, diethylamine, ethylenediamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, piperazine and the like. It should be understood that the compounds described herein also include the quaternization of any basic nitrogen-containing groups they contain. In some embodiments, water or oil-soluble or dispersible products are obtained by such quaternization. Tautomers
[0102] In some situations, compounds exist as tautomers. The compounds described herein include all possible tautomers within the formulas described herein. Tautomers are compounds that are interconvertible by migration of a hydrogen atom, accompanied by a switch of a single bond and adjacent double bond. In bonding arrangements where tautomerization is possible, a chemical equilibrium of the tautomers will exist. All tautomeric forms of the compounds disclosed herein are contemplated. The exact ratio of the tautomers depends on several factors, including temperature, solvent, and pH. Method of Treatment
[0103] Disclosed herein are methods of modulating WRN activity in a subject, comprising administering to the subject a compound described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof.
[0104] In another aspect, provided herein are methods of inhibiting WRN activity in a subject, comprising administering to the subject a compound described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof.
[0105] In some embodiments, the disease or disorder is cancer.
[0106] In some embodiments, the cancer is a solid tumor cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is the cancer is characterized as microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) . In some embodiments, the cancer is characterized as microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) is selected from colorectal, gastric, prostate and endometrial cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer characterized as microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) is selected from uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma, stomach adenocarcinoma, rectal adenocarcinoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, uterine carcinosarcoma, cervical squamous cell carcinoma, endocervical adenocarcinoma, esophageal carcinoma, breast carcinoma, kidney renal clear cell carcinoma, prostate cancer and ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma. Dosing
[0107] In certain embodiments, the compositions containing the compound (s) described herein are administered for therapeutic treatments. In certain therapeutic applications, the compositions are administered to a patient already suffering from a disease or condition, in an amount sufficient to cure or at least partially arrest at least one of the symptoms of the disease or condition. Amounts effective for this use depend on the severity and course of the disease or condition, previous therapy, the patient’s health status, weight, and response to the drugs, and the judgment of the treating physician. Therapeutically effective amounts are optionally determined by methods including, but not limited to, a dose escalation and / or dose ranging clinical trial. Routes of Administration
[0108] Suitable routes of administration include, but are not limited to, oral, intravenous, rectal, aerosol, parenteral, ophthalmic, pulmonary, transmucosal, transdermal, vaginal, otic, nasal, and topical administration. In addition, by way of example only, parenteral delivery includes intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, intramedullary injections, as well as intrathecal, direct intraventricular, intraperitoneal, intralymphatic, and intranasal injections. Pharmaceutical Compositions / Formulations
[0109] The compounds described herein are administered to a subject in need thereof, either alone or in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients, or diluents, in a pharmaceutical composition, according to standard pharmaceutical practice. In some embodiments, the compounds described herein are administered to animals.
[0110] In another aspect, provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. Pharmaceutical compositions are formulated in a conventional manner using one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients that facilitate processing of the active compounds into preparations that can be used pharmaceutically. Proper formulation is dependent upon the route of administration chosen. A summary of pharmaceutical compositions described herein can be found, for example, in Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, Nineteenth Ed (Easton, Pa.: Mack Publishing Company, 1995) ; Hoover, John E., Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pennsylvania 1975; Liberman, H. A. and Lachman, L., Eds., Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Marcel Decker, New York, N. Y., 1980; and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems, Seventh Ed. (Lippincott Williams &Wilkins1999) , herein incorporated by reference for such disclosure. EXAMPLES
[0111] The following examples are offered to illustrate, but not to limit the claimed invention. The following examples further illustrate the invention but, of course, should not be construed as in any way limiting its scope.
[0112] The following synthetic schemes are provided for purposes of illustration, not limitation. The following examples illustrate the various methods of making compounds described herein. It is understood that one skilled in the art may be able to make these compounds by similar methods or by combining other methods known to one skilled in the art. It is also understood that one skilled in the art would be able to make, in a similar manner as described below by using the appropriate starting materials and modifying the synthetic route as needed. In general, starting materials and reagents can be obtained from commercial vendors or synthesized according to sources known to those skilled in the art or prepared as described herein. Example A01
[0113] Sodium hydride (10.4 g, 260 mmol, 60%dispersion in mineral oil) was added to DMF (200 mL) and the resulting mixture was stirred at -5 ℃ for 10 min, followed by the slow addition of ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate (40.1 g, 278 mmol) in DMF (50 ml) at the same temperature. The resulting solution was stirred for 2 hrs at the same temperature. A suspension of tert-butyl 4- (2-ethoxy-2-oxoethylidene) piperidine-1-carboxylate (50.0 g, 186 mmol) in DMF (50 ml) was slowly added to the above solution at the same temperature. The resulting solution was warmed and stirred at 25 ℃ for 24 hrs. The mixture was poured into saturated aq. NH4Cl (500 mL) solution and extracted with EtOAc (500 mL×3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (1 L×3) , brine (500 mL×2) , dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to afford crude A01-1 (35.1 g) , which was used to the next step without further purification. LCMS [M-Boc+H] +: 268.2.
[0114] To a solution of 5-bromo-2H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-amine (11.88 g, 72.9 mmol) and crude A01-1 (33.4 g, 91 mmol) in ethanol (200 mL) was added PPA (30 g) . The mixture was stirred at 100℃ for 48 hrs. The mixture was cooled to rt, followed by the addition of TEA (63.5 mL, 455 mmol) and (Boc) 2O (63.5 mL, 273 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 2 hrs. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and then diluted with water (300 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (300 mL×2) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (200 mL) , dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by silica gel chromatography to afford A01-2 (9.8 g) . LCMS [M-Boc+H] +: 367.3.
[0115] To a stirred solution of A01-2 (5.0 g, 10.72 mmol) in DMF (50 mL) was added NaH (60%, 643 mg, 16.08 mmol) portion wise at -20 ℃ under N2 atmosphere. The reaction was warmed up to 0 ℃ and stirred for 2 hrs, followed by the slow addition of SEMCl (2.68 g, 16.08 mmol) at 0 ℃. The reaction was stirred for 2 hrs at 0 ℃, followed by the quench of iced water (50 mL) . The reaction was extracted with EtOAc (300 mL) and the organic phase was separated. The organic phase was washed with brine (50 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by silica gel chromatography to afford A01-3 (4.3 g) . LCMS [M-Boc+H] +: 496.2.
[0116] To a stirred solution of A01-3 (4.0 g, 6.7 mmol) in DCM (200 mL) was added peracetic acid (18%wt, 14.2 g, 33.52 mmol) . The reaction was stirred at rt for 2 days, followed by the quench of saturated aq. NaHCO3 (20 mL) and aq. Na2S2O3 (20 mL) . The organic phase was separated and washed with brine (20 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by silica gel chromatography to afford A01-4 (1.1 g) . LCMS [M-Boc+H] +: 512.2.
[0117] To a stirred solution of A01-4 (3.0 g, 4.9 mmol) in DMF (60 mL) was added a solution of KF (1.42, 24.49 mmol) in water (6 mL) . The reaction was stirred at 70℃ overnight. The reaction was cooled to rt and diluted with water (100 mL) and EtOAc (300 mL) . The organic phase was separated and washed with brine (20 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by silica gel chromatography to afford A01-5 (2.3 g) . LCMS [M-Boc+H] +: 382.1.
[0118] To a stirred solution of A01-5 (2.0 g, 4.2 mmol) in DCM (60 mL) were added aq. NaHCO3 (5%, 60 mL) , KBr (49 mg, 0.42 mmol) , N-methyl-N, N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride (84 mg, 0.21 mmol) and TEMPO (36 mg, , 0.21 mmol) . The reaction was stirred at 0℃ for 30 min, followed by the slow addition of aq. NaClO (5%, 15.4 mL, 10.37 mmol) . The reaction was stirred for 2 hrs. The reaction pH was adjusted to pH 3 by addition of 1 N HCl. The organic phase was separated, and the aqueous phase was extracted with DCM (100 mL) . The combined organic phase was washed with brine (20 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by silica gel chromatography to afford A01-6 (820 mg) . LCMS [M-Boc+H] +: 396.1.
[0119] To a stirred solution of A01-6 (800 mg, 1.61 mmol) and 2-chloro-4- (trifluoromethyl) aniline (473 mg, 2.42 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added Et3N (1.63g, 16.12 mmol) and T4P (2.74 g, 8.06 mmol) . The reaction was stirred at 50℃ for 2 hrs, followed by the dilution of EtOAc (100 mL) and aq. NaHCO3 (20 mL) . The organic phase was separated and washed with brine (20 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by silica gel chromatography to afford A01-7 (421 mg) . LCMS [M-Boc+H] +: 573.1.
[0120] To a stirred solution of A01-7 (400 mg, 0.59 mmol) in dioxane (50 mL) and water (5 mL) were added K2CO3 (164 mg, 1.19 mmol) , Pd (dppf) Cl2 (43 mg, 0.06 mmol) and 2- (3, 6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl) -4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethyl-1, 3, 2-dioxaborolane (150 mg, 0.712 mmol) under N2 atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at 90℃ for 15 hrs under N2 atmosphere. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc (200 mL) and water (50 mL) . The organic phase was separated and washed with brine (20 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by silica gel chromatography to afford A01-8 (321 mg) . LCMS [M-Boc+H] +: 577.2.
[0121] To a solution of A01-8 (300 mg, 0.603 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) was added TFA (2 mL) . The mixture was stirred at rt for 1 hr. The reaction was concentrated to give A01-9 (151 mg) . LCMS [M+H] +: 577.2.
[0122] To a solution of A01-9 (100 mg, 0.173 mmol) and 3-hydroxypicolinic acid (36 mg, 0.26 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) were added DIPEA (0.10 mL, 0.622 mmol) and HATU (132 mg, 0.132 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at rt for 0.5 hr. The reaction was concentrated and purified by prep-HPLC to give A01 (12 mg) . LCMS [M+H] +: 698.2. ASSAY EXAMPLE Unwinding FI assay
[0123] Added compound to 384-well dilution plate and dilute the compound 1: 3 in succession in DMSO for each column for 10 doses. Transferred 0.15 μL diluted compound solution in each row to 384 assay plate using Echo for DMSO final concentration of 1%, each column containing 2 replicates. Added 5 μL enzyme working solution to 384-well assay plate, and centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 1 min. Meanwhile, set high control as DMSO with enzyme and low control as DMSO without enzyme. Incubated at 25 ℃ for 10 min and add 5 μL ATP working solution, and centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 1 min. And then added 5 μL dsDNA working solution, and centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 1 min. The final reaction included 0.5 nM enzyme, 10 nM dsDNA and 50 μM ATP in assay buffer (containing, 1 mM MgCl2) . After incubating at 25 ℃ for 20 min, read fluorescence intensity signals of Ex: 620 nm and Em: 685 nm with BMG (CLARIO Star Plusacu) . Calculated percent inhibition (%inh) for compound well = 100* (ave High control -cpd well) / (ave High control -ave Low control) . Fit the compound IC50 from non-linear regression equation by XLfit 5.5.0. Table 5 A is denoted to an IC50 < 100 nM, B is denoted to an IC50 of 100-500 nM; and C is denoted to an IC50 >500 nM. ADP-Glo assays
[0124] Added compound to 384-well dilution plate and dilute the compound 1: 3 in succession in DMSO for each column for 10 doses. Transferred 0.1 μL diluted compound solution in each row to 384 assay plate using Echo for DMSO final concentration of 1%, each column containing 2 replicates. Added 5 μL enzyme working solution to 384-well assay plate, and centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 1 min. Meanwhile, set high control as DMSO with enzyme and low control as DMSO without enzyme. Incubated at 25 ℃ for 10 min. Added 5 μL ATP and ssDNA working solution, and centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 1 min. The final reaction included 0.1 nM enzyme, 2.5 nM ssDNA and 15 μM ATP in assay buffer (containing 2 mM MgCl2) . After incubating at 25 ℃ for 60 min, added 5 μL ADP-GloTM Reagent solution, and incubated at 25 ℃ for 40 min. Dispensed 10 μL Kinase Detection Reagent to each well, and incubated at 25 ℃ for 40 min. Read luminescence signals with BMG (PHERA star FSX) . Calculated percent inhibition (%inh) for compound well = 100* (ave High control -cpd well) / (ave High control -ave Low control) . Fit the compound IC50 from non-linear regression equation by XLfit 5.5.0. Table 6 A is denoted to an IC50 < 100 nM, B is denoted to an IC50 of 100-500 nM; and C is denoted to an IC50 >500 nM.
[0125] It is understood that the examples and embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and that various modifications or changes in light thereof will be suggested to persons skilled in the art and are to be included within the spirit and purview of this application and scope of the appended claims. All publications, patents, and patent applications cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes.
Claims
1.A compound of Formula (I) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof: wherein:each of X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, and X6 is independently C, CR, N, O, and S;Z is C (RZ) or N;RZ is H, CN, oxo (=O) , -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -OC (=O) ORb, -OC (=O) NRcRd, -SF5, -SH, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRcRd, -S (=O) (=NRb) Rb, -NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) Ra, -NRbC (=O) ORb, -NRbS (=O) 2Ra, -N=S (=O) (Rb) 2, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORb, -C (=O) NRcRd, or -P (=O) (Rb) 2;R1 is cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R1a;R2 is cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R2a;Ring A is cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl, wherein cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R1A;Ring B is cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl, wherein cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R1B;Ring C is cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl, wherein cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R1C;L is -C (O) -, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, orR5 is C1-6 alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R5a;each of R1a, R2a, R1A, R1B, R1C and R5a is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -OC (=O) ORb, -OC (=O) NRcRd, -SF5, -SH, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRcRd, -S (=O) (=NRb) Rb, -NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) Ra, -NRbC (=O) ORb, -NRbS (=O) 2Ra, -N=S (=O) (Rb) 2, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORb, -C (=O) NRcRd, -P (=O) (Rb) 2, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R;or two R1a on the same carbon are taken together to form a C2-C6 alkylidenyl optionally substituted with or more R;each Ra is independently C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C1-C6alkylene (cycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkylene (heterocycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkylene (aryl) , or C1-C6alkylene (heteroaryl) , wherein each alkyl, alkylene, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R;each Rb is independently hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C1-C6alkylene (cycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkylene (heterocycloalkyl) , C1-C6 alkylene (aryl) , or C1-C6alkylene (heteroaryl) , wherein each alkyl, alkylene, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R;Rc and Rd are each independently hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C1-C6alkylene (cycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkylene (heterocycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkylene (aryl) , or C1-C6alkylene (heteroaryl) , wherein each alkyl, alkylene, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R;or Rc and Rd are taken together with the atom to which they are attached to form a heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or more R; andeach R is independently halogen, -CN, -OH, -SF5, -SH, -S (=O) C1-C3alkyl, -S (=O) 2C1-C3alkyl, -S (=O) 2NH2, -S (=O) 2NHC1-C3alkyl, -S (=O) 2N (C1-C3alkyl) 2, -S (=O) (=NC1-C3alkyl) (C1-C3alkyl) , -NH2, -NHC1-C3alkyl, -N (C1-C3alkyl) 2, -N=S (=O) (C1-C3alkyl) 2, -C (=O) C1-C3alkyl, -C (=O) OH, -C (=O) OC1-C3alkyl, -C (=O) NH2, -C (=O) NHC1-C3alkyl, -C (=O) N (C1-C3alkyl) 2, -P (=O) (C1-C3alkyl) 2, C1-C3alkyl, C1-C3alkoxy, C1-C3haloalkyl, C1-C3haloalkoxy, C1-C3hydroxyalkyl, C1-C3aminoalkyl, C1-C3heteroalkyl, or C3-C6cycloalkyl;or two R on the same atom form an oxo.2.The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein the compound is of Formula (Ia) : 3.The compound of claims 1 or 2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein Ring A is C5-C10 cycloalkyl or 5-to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl, wherein cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R1A.4.The compound of any one of claims 1-3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein each R1A is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -SF5, -SH, -SRa, -NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, 5-to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, phenyl, or 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl; wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R.5.The compound of any one of claims 1-4, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein Ring B is C4-C10 cycloalkyl or 4-to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl, wherein cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R1B.6.The compound of any one of claims 1-5, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein each R1B is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -SF5, -SH, -SRa, -NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, 5-to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, phenyl, or 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl; wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R.7.The compound of any one of claims 1-6, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein Ring C is C5-C10 cycloalkyl or 5-to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl, wherein cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., two, or three, etc) R1C.8.The compound of any one of claims 1-7, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein each R1C is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -SF5, -SH, -SRa, -NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, 5-to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, phenyl, or 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl; wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R.9.The compound of any one of claims 1-8, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein R1 is C3-C12 cycloalkyl, 3-to 12-membered heterocycloalkyl, C6-12 aryl, 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, or C2-C6 alkynyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., two, or three, etc) R1a.10.The compound of any one of claims 1-9, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein each R1a is independently F, Cl, Br, I, CH3, CH2CH3, CF3, CF2H, CF2CF3, CH2CF3, SCF3, OCH3, OCH2CH3, OC2F5, OCF2Cl, SF5, 11.The compound of any one of claims 1-10, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein R2 is C3-C12 cycloalkyl, 3-to 12-membered heterocycloalkyl, C6-12 aryl, 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, or C2-C6 alkynyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R2a.12.The compound of any one of claims 1-11, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein R5 is C1-6 alkyl, C3-12 cycloalkyl, 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl, C6-12 aryl, or 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl, wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R5a.13.The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, selected from a compound in table 1, or table 2.14.A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of any one of claims 1-13, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.15.A method of inhibiting WRN activity in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject in need thereof a compound of any one of claims 1-13, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, to the subject in need thereof.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Nitrogen-containing ring derivative inhibitor as well as preparation method and application thereof
CN112778311A
Therapeutic methods using WRN binding molecules
WO2008027990A1
Tricyclic compounds and their uses
WO2024079623A1
Spiro derivatives as WRN inhibitors
WO2024235292A1
Oxo-tricyclic derivative and pharmaceutical use thereof
WO2025026382A1