Terminal and wireless communication method

Abstract

A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure is supplied with electric power by environmental power generation. The terminal comprises: a control unit that determines a unit time for transmission on the basis of a received indication; a reception unit that receives a synchronization signal transmitted in a specific instance of the unit time by the end of the transmission; and a transmission unit that executes the transmission. When the transmission is performed at a first timing, the reception unit receives part or whole of the synchronization signal between a specific timing before the first timing to the first timing. According to one aspect of the present disclosure, suitable setting / control for the A-IoT can be performed.

Description

Terminal and wireless communication method

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal and a wireless communication method in a next-generation mobile communication system.

[0002] Long Term Evolution (LTE) has been specified for the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network with the aim of achieving higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Document 1). Also, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) has been specified with the aim of achieving higher capacity and more advanced features than LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (e.g., 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 or later, etc.) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010

[0005] In recent years, ambient IoT (A-IoT) has been studied as a form of the Internet of Things (IoT), in which all things are connected to the Internet. Ambient IoT can be expressed as an ecosystem concept realized by a large number of ambient IoT (A-IoT) devices connected to a wireless network. 3GPP is also studying the introduction of A-IoT.

[0006] A-IoT devices are IoT devices that are powered by energy harvesting and have no battery or limited energy storage capacity (for example, using a capacitor). Energy harvesting is a technology that harvests and converts ambient energy sources (for example, electromagnetic wave energy, light energy, kinetic energy, thermal energy, etc.) into electricity. A-IoT devices are expected to have a long life and be maintenance-free.

[0007] However, there has been little progress in studying how to perform related settings / control for communication of A-IoT devices. If such setting / control methods cannot be provided, A-IoT devices may not be able to communicate at appropriate times / with appropriate resources, which may hinder improvements in communication throughput / communication quality.

[0008] Therefore, one of the objects of the present disclosure is to provide a terminal and a wireless communication method that can perform suitable settings / control for A-IoT.

[0009] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure is a terminal that is powered by energy harvesting, and has: a control unit that determines a unit time for transmission based on a received instruction; a receiving unit that receives a synchronization signal to be transmitted at a specific unit time until the end of the transmission; and a transmitting unit that performs the transmission, wherein when the transmission is performed at a first timing, the receiving unit receives some or all of the synchronization signal between a specific timing before the first timing and the first timing.

[0010] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, suitable settings / control for A-IoT can be implemented.

[0011] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating an example of a connection topology for an assumed A-IoT network and devices. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of control of slot ALOHA in A-IoT. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a trigger and T according to embodiment 1.2. ｗｉｎｄｏｗFIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of an R2D synchronization signal in the second embodiment. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of an R2D-X in the second embodiment. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a D2R and a D2R synchronization signal in the second embodiment. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of a D2R over multiple slots in the second embodiment. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a T for CF access in the third embodiment. ｗｉｎｄｏｗ FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment.

[0012] (Ambient IoT) In recent years, ambient IoT has been studied as a form of IoT in which all things are connected to the Internet. Ambient IoT can be expressed as an ecosystem concept realized by a large number of ambient IoT (A-IoT) devices connected to a wireless network. 3GPP is also studying the introduction of A-IoT.

[0013] A-IoT devices are IoT devices that are powered by energy harvesting and have no battery or limited energy storage capacity (for example, using a capacitor). Energy harvesting is a technology that harvests and converts ambient energy sources (for example, electromagnetic wave energy, light energy, kinetic energy, thermal energy, etc.) into electricity. A-IoT devices are expected to have a long life and be maintenance-free.

[0014] In the present disclosure, A-IoT may be interchangeably read as ambient power-enabled IoT, etc. Furthermore, device, terminal (user terminal, user equipment (UE)), etc. may be interchangeably read as device, terminal (user terminal), user equipment (UE), etc.

[0015] Traffic assumed in A-IoT may be device-terminated (DT), device-originated (DO), etc. DO traffic may include DO Autonomous (DO-A), DO device-terminated triggered (DO-DTT), etc. For example, DT may be information (e.g., a command) for an A-IoT UE without transmission from the A-IoT UE. DO-DTT may be information (e.g., a sensor information report) transmitted from an A-IoT UE triggered by a network (NW).

[0016] The A-IoT device may not have an independent signal generation / amplification unit and may perform communication using the reflection / absorption of radio waves, in other words, backscatter communication. Backscatter communication may be interchangeably referred to as Ambient Backscatter Communication (AmBC), backscattering transmission, etc. The A-IoT device may perform backscatter communication using a backscatterer that modulates the backscatter of an external carrier wave. The modulation of backscatter may be, for example, on-off keying, or may be performed by switching the impedance of the antenna.

[0017] An A-IoT device may not have an independent signal generation unit, but may have an amplifier unit for signal reflection, for example, to amplify a modulated signal and perform backscatter communication.

[0018] A-IoT devices may also have separate signal generation / amplification sections (e.g., active Radio Frequency (RF) components for transmission).

[0019] The A-IoT device may have, for example, a receiver that receives signals based on envelope detection (which may also be called envelope detection).

[0020] An A-IoT device that does not have energy storage and does not have a separate signal generation / amplification unit may be referred to as device A. An A-IoT device that has energy storage and does not have a separate signal generation unit may be referred to as device B. Device B may use the stored energy to amplify the signal. An A-IoT device that has energy storage and a separate signal generation unit may be referred to as device C.

[0021] The following devices may also be defined: Device 1: Peak power consumption ∼1 μW, with energy storage, initial Sampling Frequency Offset (SFO) up to 10X parts per million (ppm), no DL or UL amplification within the device. The device's UL transmission is backscattered with an externally supplied carrier. Device 2a: Peak power consumption ≤ several hundred μW, with energy storage, initial SFO up to 10X ppm, DL / UL amplification within the device [and both]. The device's UL transmission is backscattered with an externally supplied carrier. Device 2b: Peak power consumption ≤ several hundred μW, with energy storage, initial SFO up to 10X ppm, DL / UL amplification within the device [and both]. The device's UL transmission is generated within the device.

[0022] Classifications of devices such as devices A, B, C, 1, 2a, 2b, etc. may be referred to as device types.

[0023] A-IoT devices are expected to operate in Frequency Range 1 (FR1) defined by 3GPP. It is also being considered that A-IoT devices will utilize at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD). A-IoT devices utilizing FDD may be able to switch carrier frequencies between downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) carriers.

[0024] Several network topologies are being considered for A-IoT. Figures 1A and 1B show examples of possible connection topologies for A-IoT networks and devices.

[0025] In the topology of Figure 1A (also referred to as Topology 1), A-IoT devices communicate directly and bidirectionally with a Base Station (BS). This communication may include A-IoT data / signaling. This BS is, for example, a microcell, and is assumed to perform DL / UL communication with A-IoT devices in close proximity.

[0026] In the topology of FIG. 1B (also referred to as Topology 2), A-IoT devices communicate bidirectionally with intermediate nodes between the devices and the BS. This communication may include A-IoT data / signaling between the BS and the devices. The intermediate nodes may be, for example, relays, Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) nodes, UEs, repeaters, etc. The BS may be, for example, a macrocell, and is assumed to communicate DL / UL (via the Uu interface) with indoor A-IoT devices via the indoor intermediate nodes.

[0027] It is being considered to share the signal design for A-IoT devices between Topologies 1 and 2. Other topologies are also being considered.

[0028] A Contention-Based (CB) access procedure (also referred to as CB access or CB transmission) is being considered for use in transmissions from A-IoT devices. The slotted-ALOHA (also referred to as slotted ALOHA) algorithm is also being considered as a candidate for transmissions from A-IoT devices.

[0029] Slotted ALOHA is an improved version of pure ALOHA. Pure ALOHA has the following characteristics: ・The sender can send packets at any time. ・When the receiver receives a packet successfully, it returns a delivery confirmation signal (ACKnowledgement (ACK)). ・If the sender does not successfully receive an ACK within a certain time after sending the packet, it will resend the packet after a random time.

[0030] Slotted ALOHA is a method in which the timing of transmissions from terminals in pure ALOHA is limited to time slot intervals, and compared to pure ALOHA, the probability of collisions between transmissions from multiple terminals is reduced, improving throughput.

[0031] 2 is a diagram showing an example of the control of slotted ALOHA in A-IoT. The slotted ALOHA in A-IoT is assumed to have the following: Length T ｓｌｏｔ The network triggers transmission from the IoT device without device identification. The sender (IoT device) determines a set of time slots for transmission resource candidates (in other words, a set of time slots of length T ｗｉｎｄｏｗ determining one or more T ｓｌｏｔ Is T ｗｉｎｄｏｗ Selected from [among].

[0032] T ｓｌｏｔ A time slot may be referred to as a unit of time for transmission, a time unit, etc.

[0033] The device that receives the signal from the A-IoT device may be called a reader. In FIG. 2, first, the NW sends a trigger (trigger signal) for transmission to the A-IoT device. After that, the A-IoT device ｗｉｎｄｏｗ A period (14 time slots in this example) is determined, and a time slot (the 10th time slot in this example) is selected within this period, and a signal is transmitted to the reader in that time slot.

[0034] In this disclosure, T ｗｉｎｄｏｗ is the window size T ｗｉｎｄｏｗ These terms may be interchangeably read as a period of time, a time window, etc.

[0035] In the present disclosure, the terms NW, leader, receiving device [of a signal from a UE], BS, intermediate node, carrier wave transmitter, etc. may be interchangeable. The carrier wave transmitter may be a device physically separate from the leader. The trigger signal may be transmitted from a device in the NW other than the leader, as described above.

[0036] In addition, the A-IoT device may monitor (attempt to receive) the trigger after the time when charging by environmental power generation is completed (charging time).

[0037] (Issue 1) One issue is T ｓｌｏｔ , T ｗｉｎｄｏｗ The key issue is how to determine the resources to be used for transmission. These issues have not yet been addressed. If such a determination method cannot be provided, A-IoT devices may not be able to communicate at the appropriate timing / resources, which may hinder improvements in communication throughput / communication quality.

[0038] (Issue Study 2) The reasons why systems with time synchronization are primarily being considered for A-IoT compared to asynchronous configurations are as follows: From the network perspective, it is preferable to be able to reuse legacy frame configurations that make it easier for A-IoT and normal NR to coexist, and it is also preferable for A-IoT communications to have at least aligned slot boundaries; The sampling frequency offset (SFO) in A-IoT device communications is expected to be relatively large. From the device perspective, if the maximum SFO is 10 ５ If the SFO is in ppm, a timing error of 100 μs can be observed within 1 ms. ３ ppm or 10 4Assuming that the timing error is in ppm, it is assumed that it is not too large compared to the length of the slot / symbol / chip. By aligning the timing between A-IoT devices, more accurate and efficient slotted ALOHA can be achieved.

[0039] In slot-aligned systems, as envisioned for A-IoT, each transmission is expected to not cross a slot boundary.

[0040] One challenge is how to configure a signal in the above system to take into account the timing error caused by the large SFO of the A-IoT device. Research into this signal configuration has not yet progressed. If this signal configuration cannot be provided, the A-IoT device may not be able to communicate at the appropriate timing / resources, which could hinder improvements in communication throughput / communication quality.

[0041] (Issue Considered 3) In use cases such as inventory management, the network may broadcast a signal requesting a response (report), and the A-IoT devices that receive the signal may send a response. On the other hand, the network may send a message (command) to pre-identified specific A-IoT devices only, and only these A-IoT devices may process the message (e.g., send a response).

[0042] Note that pre-identification may be performed by contention-based access, and then the message may be sent to the pre-identified A-IoT device. Pre-identification may simply be interpreted as identification. Identifying an A-IoT device by a network may mean obtaining information for identifying the A-IoT device (such as a device identifier (ID)).

[0043] One issue is how to determine (allocate) resources for transmission by pre-identified A-IoT devices. Research into the method for determining these resources has not yet progressed. Without providing such a method, A-IoT devices may not be able to communicate at the appropriate timing / resources, which could hinder improvements in communication throughput / communication quality.

[0044] Based on the above considerations, the present inventors have come up with a suitable setting / control method for communication of A-IoT devices.

[0045] Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Wireless communication methods according to the embodiments may be applied independently or in combination.

[0046] (Various Reinterpretations) In the present disclosure, a word enclosed in "( )" in a sentence may indicate an explanation of the word immediately preceding it (for example, an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, a supplementary explanation, etc. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, a word enclosed in "[ ]" in a sentence may be interpreted including the word in the meaning of the entire sentence, or may be interpreted excluding (ignoring) the word in the meaning of the entire sentence. Note that "( )" and "[ ]" may also be used for purposes / meanings other than those mentioned above.

[0047] In the present disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted interchangeably. Also, in the present disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C."

[0048] In the present disclosure, terms such as notify, activate, deactivate, indicate (or indicate), select, configure, update, and determine may be read interchangeably. In the present disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and operate may be read interchangeably.

[0049] In the present disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher layer parameters, fields, information elements (IEs), settings, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, Medium Access Control (MAC) control elements (CEs), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0050] In the present disclosure, the higher layer signaling may be, for example, any one of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, other messages (e.g., messages from the core network such as positioning protocol (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages), or a combination thereof.

[0051] In the present disclosure, MAC signaling may use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MAC CE), a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU), etc. Broadcast information may be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), Other System Information (OSI), etc.

[0052] In the present disclosure, physical layer signaling may be, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI), and the like.

[0053] In the present disclosure, a device may be interchangeably read as an A-IoT device, a device powered by energy harvesting, a device that performs backscatter communication, and the like.

[0054] In the present disclosure, a physical channel that transmits data / information / control signals / traffic from a leader to a device may be referred to as a Physical Reader to Device Channel (PRDCH). Note that the PRDCH may also be referred to by other names, such as a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) or a PDSCH for A-IoT (A-PDSCH). These may be defined as DL when the leader is a BS, or as DL or sidelink when the leader is an intermediate node.

[0055] In the present disclosure, a physical channel that transmits data / information / control signals / traffic from a device to a reader may be referred to as a Physical Device to Reader Channel (PDRCH). Note that the PDRCH may also be referred to by other names, such as a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) or a PUSCH for A-IoT (A-PUSCH). These may be defined as UL when the reader is a BS, or as UL or sidelink when the reader is an intermediate node.

[0056] The R2D transmission may include a preamble / midamble / postamble of the R2D transmission, may include data / control signals carried by the PRDCH, and may include a carrier wave for backscattering.

[0057] In the following, "transmission" may refer to D2R transmission unless otherwise specified. D2R transmission may be interchangeably read as PDRCH [transmission]. R2D transmission may be interchangeably read as PRDCH [transmission]. Also, R2D transmission [from leader] may be interchangeably read as R2D reception [at device]. D2R transmission [from device] may be interchangeably read as D2R reception [at leader].

[0058] In the present disclosure, the terms drop, abort, cancel, puncture, rate match, postpone, do not transmit, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0059] (Wireless Communication Method) <First Embodiment> The first embodiment relates to parameters for slotted ALOHA in A-IoT. ｓｌｏｔ , T ｗｉｎｄｏｗ The resources used for transmission relate to, but are not limited to, the time for D2R transmission, and may be used as the time for [R2D] reception of any signal or carrier wave reception. In this case, D2R transmission and R2D reception may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0060] <<Embodiment 1.1: T ｓｌｏｔ Decision >> T ｓｌｏｔ (or T ｓｌｏｔ The time slot (having a length of T) may be any of the following or a combination thereof: (a) one NR slot; (b) a specific number (e.g., N) of NR slots; (b') a specific number (e.g., N) of symbols; (c) a length specified in a standard or predefined in the system; (d) a length specified by the reader [T ｓｌｏｔ (e) a length determined based on specific parameters (factors).

[0061] The number N may be specified in a standard, may be predefined in the system, or may be notified to the device by the reader. Note that N may be an integer (e.g., 1, 2, etc.) or a decimal number (e.g., 0.5).

[0062] The symbol may be an NR symbol or another time unit (e.g., a chip [length] for a particular modulation scheme / modulation waveform (e.g., an on-off keying waveform)).

[0063] In this disclosure, an NR symbol refers to a symbol defined in NR (e.g., an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol period, which includes 14 symbols per millisecond if the subcarrier spacing is 15 kHz). Also, in this disclosure, an NR slot refers to a slot defined in NR (e.g., a period of 14 NR symbols when a normal cyclic prefix is ​​applied).

[0064] The lengths of (d) and (e) may be specified / determined in units (integer multiples) of the lengths of (a), (b), (b'), or (c). For example, if a length of "2" is specified / determined in (d) and (e), this may mean 2 NR slots, 2*N NR slots, 2 symbols, etc.

[0065] The specific parameters may include traffic type, which may include, for example, command traffic, inventory traffic, etc.

[0066] Command-type traffic may mean at least one of traffic including information based on some processing (e.g., measurement) performed by a device based on an instruction from the NW, traffic transmitted based on an instruction transmitted from the NW to an individual device (or multicast to multiple devices), etc. Inventory-type traffic may mean at least one of traffic including information previously held by a device [transmitted based on an instruction from the NW], traffic transmitted based on an instruction broadcast from the NW (or multicast to multiple devices), etc. The information previously held by a device may be, for example, information for identifying the device (e.g., a device ID).

[0067] The specific parameters may include a message size. ｓｌｏｔ The size of the information (payload) transmitted by the D2R transmission using the R2D transmission may be the size of the information (payload) transmitted by the D2R transmission using the R2D transmission corresponding to the D2R transmission.

[0068] In this disclosure, an R2D transmission corresponding to a certain D2R transmission is determined by the T for that D2R transmission, as described below. ｓｌｏｔ It may refer to an R2D transmission that includes information for determining the D2R transmission, or may correspond to a trigger for the D2R transmission.

[0069] The specific parameters are ｓｌｏｔ It may also include the transmission duration of the D2R transmission itself (e.g., the total time length of the transmission resource).

[0070] The specific parameters are ｓｌｏｔ The R2D transmission duration may include a transmission period corresponding to the D2R transmission transmitted using the R2D transmission duration.

[0071] The specific parameters may include information about the results of past D2R transmissions (e.g., the number of times a certain D2R transmission was transmitted (retransmission count)). A D2R transmission may be retransmitted due to, for example, a transmission failure, a resource collision, etc. If a device does not receive an ACK corresponding to a D2R transmission for a certain period after transmitting the D2R transmission, the device may retransmit the D2R transmission. Note that if multiple retransmissions are performed, the T ｓｌｏｔ may be the same, or T ｓｌｏｔ may be different.

[0072] The specific parameters are ｓｌｏｔ T, which includes D2R transmission using ｗｉｎｄｏｗ It may also include the length of

[0073] The specific parameters are ｓｌｏｔThe device type may include the device type of the device that performs D2R transmission using the above-mentioned device A / B / C / 1 / 2a / 2b, etc., or may include the use of the device (e.g., whether it is a temperature sensor or a gas sensor, etc.).

[0074] The specific parameters are ｓｌｏｔ The frequency may include the frequency (e.g., cell, band, frequency range) over which the D2R transmission is to occur.

[0075] Regarding (e) above, T ｓｌｏｔ may be determined, for example, as follows: X1 for command-type traffic, X2 for inventory-type traffic, X1 for message size N1 (or N1 or less), X2 for message size N2 (or greater than N1 and less than or equal to N2), X3 for message size N3 (or greater than N2 and less than or equal to N3), X1 for transmission period L1 (or L1 or less) of D2R transmission, X2 for transmission period L2 (or greater than L1 and less than or equal to L2) of D2R transmission, X1 for corresponding R2D transmission period L1 (or L1 or less), X2 for corresponding R2D transmission period L2 (or greater than L1 and less than or equal to L2), X1 for initial transmission (number of transmissions=1), X2 for retransmission (number of transmissions=2), X3 for retransmission (number of transmissions=3), T ｗｉｎｄｏｗ / Q.

[0076] Note that X1, X2, X3, N1, N2, L1, L2, Q, etc. may be integers or decimals. For example, X1<X2 (<X3) may be satisfied. X1, X2 (, X3) may be an integer multiple of a certain reference value or an integer multiple of either value (for example, X1=3, X2=3*2), or may not be so.

[0077] X1, X2, X3, N1, N2, L1, L2, Q, etc. may be specified in a standard, may be predefined in the system, or may be notified to the device by the reader.

[0078] T, which is explicitly / implicitly notified (instructed) in (b), (b'), (d), (e), etc. ｓｌｏｔInformation for determining N (e.g., N, length, X1, etc.) may be signaled by the corresponding R2D transmission.

[0079] The R2D transmission corresponding to a D2R transmission contains T ｓｌｏｔ The information for determining the T may be used for the D2R transmission only, or may be used for future (other) D2R transmissions. For example, ｓｌｏｔ The information for the determination of may be used for any D2R transmission until one or more of the following conditions are met: The device sends another (new) T ｓｌｏｔ receiving information for determining the T ｓｌｏｔ a period of time has elapsed since the receipt or storage of [an R2D transmission containing] information for the determination of T ｓｌｏｔ The energy to store the information for the decision is no longer available (e.g., energy harvesting failed for some reason, or stored energy was consumed because power generation was not possible while communication was in progress, etc.).

[0080] The certain period may be specified in a standard, may be predefined in the system, or may be notified to the device by the reader.

[0081] Also, if the above-mentioned certain period has passed, another (new) T ｓｌｏｔ Until the information for the determination is received, ｓｌｏｔ A default value may be used for D2R, or the device may not perform D2R transmission.

[0082] In addition, T ｓｌｏｔ The information for determining the value may be expressed as an absolute value, a relative value, or an index. The correspondence between the index and the absolute value / relative value may be specified in a standard, may be predefined in the system, or may be notified to the device by the reader.

[0083] According to the above-described embodiment 1.1, T for D2R transmission ｓｌｏｔ The device can determine this appropriately.

[0084] <<Embodiment 1.2: T ｗｉｎｄｏｗ Decision >> T ｗｉｎｄｏｗ is T in embodiment 1.1 ｓｌｏｔ In other words, T ｗｉｎｄｏｗ In embodiment 1.1, "T ｓｌｏｔ " to "T ｗｉｎｄｏｗ " may be determined based on the embodiment in which " is read as ".

[0085] Also, T ｗｉｎｄｏｗ is T determined based on embodiment 1.1 ｓｌｏｔ For example, T ｗｉｎｄｏｗ Is T ｗｉｎｄｏｗ = Q * T ｓｌｏｔ This Q may be specified in a standard, may be predefined in the system, or may be notified to the device by the reader.

[0086] FIG. 3 shows a trigger and a T according to embodiment 1.2. ｗｉｎｄｏｗ FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of timing related to the above.

[0087] T ｗｉｎｄｏｗ may start after a certain time from a specific timing. ｗｉｎｄｏｗ The timing may be when the device starts or completes receiving a trigger for D2R transmission belonging to the above-mentioned certain time or T ｗｉｎｄｏｗ The starting timing may be determined based on at least one of the above-mentioned specific timing, the processing time of the device (e.g., the D2R transmission preparation [procedure] time), and the like.

[0088] In addition, T ｗｉｎｄｏｗ Instead of the length of ｗｉｎｄｏｗ Not only the length of the ｗｉｎｄｏｗ The start timing / ending timing of T ｓｌｏｔ In other words, T ｗｉｎｄｏｗ The start timing / end timing of Tｗｉｎｄｏｗ The offset to the start timing / end timing of "T ｓｌｏｔ " may be determined based on an embodiment in which " is read as the offset. ｗｉｎｄｏｗ The end timing of ｗｉｎｄｏｗ may be determined based on the start timing of ｗｉｎｄｏｗ The end timing of T ｗｉｎｄｏｗ may mean that one slot is

[0089] According to the above-described embodiment 1.2, T for D2R transmission ｗｉｎｄｏｗ The device can determine this appropriately.

[0090] <<Embodiment 1.3: Determination of Transmission Resources>> The resources for D2R transmission may be any of the following: (1.3a) One length T ｓｌｏｔ (1.3b) M consecutive time units of length T ｓｌｏｔ (1.3c) M consecutive / discontinuous lengths T ｓｌｏｔ Time unit.

[0091] The resources in 1.3b and 1.3c above are both M*T ｓｌｏｔ However, 1.3c differs in that it is acceptable for some resources to be discontinuous.

[0092] The above M may be specified in a standard, may be predefined in a system, or may be notified to a device by a reader, and N may be an integer (e.g., 1, 2, etc.).

[0093] The M may be determined based on the specific parameters (elements) described in embodiment 1.1, for example, the M may be determined based on the traffic type / message size / transmission period of the D2R transmission.

[0094] M may be determined, for example, as follows: Y1 for command-type traffic, Y2 for inventory-type traffic, Y1 for message size N1 (or less than or equal to N1), Y2 for message size N2 (or greater than N1 and less than or equal to N2), Y3 for message size N3 (or greater than N2 and less than or equal to N3), Y1 for transmission period L1 (or less than or equal to L1) of D2R transmission, Y2 for transmission period L2 (or greater than L1 and less than or equal to L2) of D2R transmission.

[0095] Note that Y1, Y2, Y3, N1, N2, L1, L2, etc. may be integers or decimals. For example, Y1<Y2 (<Y3) may be true. Y1, Y2 (and Y3) may be integer multiples of a certain reference value or integer multiples of either value (for example, Y1=3, Y2=3*2), but they do not have to be so.

[0096] Y1, Y2, Y3, N1, N2, L1, L2, etc. may be specified in the standard, may be predefined in the system, or may be signaled by the reader to the device (using the corresponding R2D transmission).

[0097] At least one of the factors such as which of the above 1.3a-1.3c the resource for D2R transmission is based on, how M is determined, the location of the resource, etc. is determined by [T ｗｉｎｄｏｗ The time period [within the range of 100ms to 150ms] may be randomly selected or may be determined (selected) based on at least one of the following: - Information for identifying the device (e.g., device ID); - Corresponding R2D transmission; - Results of previous D2R transmissions (see embodiment 1.1); - The time period in which the D2R transmission is included. ｗｉｎｄｏｗ [Length].

[0098] Note that instead of / in addition to time domain resources, other domain resources (e.g., frequency / code domain resources) for D2R transmission may be determined as well, and may be specified in the standard, predefined in the system, or notified to the device by the reader (e.g., by triggering the D2R transmission).

[0099] In addition, when multiple time units are selected as in 1.3b / c above, the same transport block (TB) / same information bits may be transmitted (repeatedly transmitted) across the multiple time units, or different TBs / different information bits may be transmitted in different time units among the multiple time units.

[0100] According to the above-described embodiment 1.3, the device can appropriately determine the resources for D2R transmission.

[0101] According to the first embodiment described above, the device can appropriately perform D2R transmission.

[0102] Second Embodiment The second embodiment relates to a signal structure.

[0103] The second embodiment is assumed to be applied to a slot synchronous system (a system in which the slots used by each device are aligned), but is not limited to this and may also be applied to a slot asynchronous system (a system in which the slots used by each device are not aligned).

[0104] In the following (second and third) embodiments, the "slot" may be an NR slot or the T ｓｌｏｔ The "slot" may be a time slot having a length of M (e.g., M=2) NR slots. The "slot" may be referred to as a time unit. The "slot" may be a plurality of NR slots, that is, the second embodiment may be applied with M (e.g., M=2) NR slots as the "slot."

[0105] <<Embodiment 2.1: R2D Synchronization Signal>> A synchronization signal (R2D synchronization signal) for synchronization between a reader and a device may be transmitted by the reader. The device may correct timing errors [for slots / for R2D reception / for D2R transmission] based on the R2D synchronization signal.

[0106] In addition, in the present disclosure, the terms [R2D] synchronization signal, timing acquisition signal, pre / mid / postamble, sequence-based signal, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0107] <<<Embodiment 2.1a>>> The R2D synchronization signal may be transmitted at a specific timing within a slot.

[0108] The specific timing may include at least one of the beginning (start) of a slot, the middle of a slot, or the end (tail) of a slot. The specific timing may occur multiple times within a slot. For example, the R2D synchronization signal may be transmitted at the beginning and the end of a slot. In the present disclosure, the term "middle" may be interchangeable with "middle."

[0109] The particular timing may vary between multiple slots, for example, between two of a slot with a PRDCH, a slot without a PRDCH, a slot with a PDRCH, a slot without a PDRCH, a slot without both a PRDCH and a PDRCH, etc.

[0110] <<<Embodiment 2.1b>>> The R2D synchronization signal may be transmitted in a specific slot, for example, periodically, from a certain timing until the end of the corresponding D2R transmission opportunity. The certain timing may be the start / end timing of the R2D transmission (or carrier wave transmission) that signals the trigger.

[0111] The specific slot may correspond to one or more of the following: - every slot (period = 1 slot); - every P slots (period = P); - the slot immediately before the slot containing PDRCH; - the slot immediately after the slot containing PDRCH; - a slot containing PDRCH; - a slot not containing PDRCH; - the slot immediately before the slot containing PRDCH; - the slot immediately after the slot containing PRDCH; - a slot containing PRDCH; - a slot not containing PRDCH; - a slot not containing both PRDCH and PDRCH; - a candidate slot for D2R transmission (which may also be called a D2R candidate slot).

[0112] It should be noted that the R2D synchronization signal does not have to be transmitted in all of the above-mentioned specific slots (transmission of the R2D synchronization signal may be skipped in some of the above-mentioned specific slots). The slots in which the transmission of the R2D synchronization signal is skipped may include, for example, a slot between the end of the R2D transmission and the start of a D2R candidate slot, or may include one or more slots among the D2R candidate slots. The former is because a synchronization signal in a slot in which no D2R transmission is performed may not be used, and the latter is because, for example, a synchronization signal in a candidate slot after a D2R transmission is performed may not be used. By not transmitting a synchronization signal in slots that may not be used in this way, it is possible to improve the utilization efficiency of radio resources (resources can be used for other signals).

[0113] The "end of the corresponding D2R transmission [opportunity]" mentioned above may mean at least one of the following: - the start / end timing of the corresponding D2R transmission; - the start / end timing of the pre / mid / postamble of the corresponding D2R transmission; - the start / end timing of the data portion of the corresponding D2R transmission; - the start / end timing of the PDRCH of the corresponding D2R transmission; - the last candidate slot of the corresponding D2R transmission.

[0114] 4 is a diagram showing an example of an R2D synchronization signal in the second embodiment. In this example, of the 10 slots shown, the R2D synchronization signal is transmitted at the beginning of each slot from the second slot to the eighth slot. The fifth slot to the eighth slot are D2R candidate slots. The period from the start to the end of transmission of the R2D synchronization signal for a certain D2R transmission (in this example, the seven slots from the second slot to the eighth slot) may be referred to as an R2D synchronization signal transmission period.

[0115] <<<Embodiment 2.1c>>> The R2D synchronization signal may be the same or different among at least two of a slot including a PRDCH, a slot including neither a PRDCH nor a PDRCH, and a slot including a PDRCH. Here, the same / different R2D synchronization signals may mean that at least one (e.g., all) of the signal configuration, sequence, duration, etc. of the R2D synchronization signals are the same / different.

[0116] <<<Embodiment 2.1d>>> Information for the R2D synchronization signal of embodiment 2.1a / 1b may be specified in a standard, may be predefined in a system, or may be notified to a device by a reader.

[0117] For example, information for the R2D synchronization signal may be included in the R2D synchronization signal itself, in an R2D transmission other than the R2D synchronization signal (e.g., PRDCH), or in a trigger for a D2R transmission.

[0118] The information for the R2D synchronization signal may include, for example, information indicating a specific timing of 2.1a, information indicating a specific slot of 2.1b (e.g., information on the period P), information indicating whether an R2D synchronization signal is present at a specific timing / slot, information indicating whether a certain R2D synchronization signal is intended for a specific device, etc.

[0119] The information indicating whether the R2D synchronization signal is intended for a specific device may be information for identifying the device (e.g., a device ID). For example, when a device receives information for an R2D synchronization signal including information indicating the presence of an R2D synchronization signal at a specific timing / slot, if the information for the R2D synchronization signal indicates its own device ID, the device may receive the R2D synchronization signal at the specific timing / slot; otherwise, the device may not receive the R2D synchronization signal at the specific timing / slot. Note that the R2D synchronization signal intended for a specific device may be generated based on information for identifying the specific device (e.g., a device ID) (e.g., a sequence / resource may be associated with the device ID).

[0120] <<<Embodiment 2.1e>>> A device may not receive all transmitted synchronization signals. For example, a device may not receive synchronization signals at the following times: - slots where D2R transmissions are scheduled (performed), - D2R candidate slots other than the slots where D2R transmissions are performed, - for a certain time window when an R2D transmission indicates that a subsequent synchronization signal is not intended for the device, - slots where D2R transmissions are scheduled (performed) and there is not enough time difference between the synchronization signal and the D2R transmission in this slot.

[0121] The certain time window (length of time), the sufficient time difference, etc. may be specified in a standard, may be predefined in the system, or may be notified to the device by the reader.

[0122] If a device transmits D2R at time t (transmits D2R), the device may receive some or all of the R2D synchronization signals from time tk to time t. The device may not receive (some or all) of the R2D synchronization signals after the corresponding R2D reception (transmission) and before time tk. Note that in this disclosure, not receiving may be interpreted as skipping reception.

[0123] The k may be specified in a standard, may be predefined in a system, or may be notified to a device by a reader. The k may depend on an initial SFO of at least one of a device, a device type, a capability, a device state (e.g., active / inactive / sleep), and a traffic type. The initial SFO may correspond to at least one of a maximum SFO, an average SFO, an expected SFO, etc. The unit of the k may be ms / μs, a slot, a chip, etc. The k may be a negative value, a positive value, or 0.

[0124] Instead of / in addition to the time duration for R2D synchronization signal reception, the number (or number of times) of R2D synchronization signal reception may be defined.

[0125] If a device receives R2D at time t' (receives R2D), it may receive some or all of the R2D synchronization signals from time t'-k' to time t'. The device may not receive [some or all] R2D synchronization signals after the corresponding R2D reception and before time t'-k'.

[0126] k' may be specified in a standard, may be predefined in a system, or may be notified to a device by a reader. The k' may depend on an initial SFO of at least one of a device, a device type, a capability, a device state (e.g., active / inactive / sleep), and a traffic type. The initial SFO may correspond to at least one of a maximum SFO, an average SFO, an expected SFO, etc. The unit of k' may be ms / μs, a slot, a chip, etc. The k' may be a negative value, a positive value, or 0. k' and k may be different values ​​or the same value.

[0127] Instead of / in addition to the time duration for R2D synchronization signal reception, the number (or number of times) of R2D synchronization signal reception may be defined.

[0128] In addition, in embodiment 2.1e, "receive / receive R2D synchronization signal" may be read interchangeably as "transmit / transmit D2R synchronization signal" (the D2R synchronization signal will be described later).

[0129] According to the above-described embodiment 2.1, the device can properly receive the R2D synchronization signal.

[0130] <<Embodiment 2.2: R2D Transmission Other Than R2D Synchronization Signal (e.g., PRDCH)>> Hereinafter, an R2D transmission other than an R2D synchronization signal is also referred to as an R2D signal-X or R2D-X. R2D-X may include at least one of a PRDCH, an R2D control channel, etc. R2D-X may be divided into multiple R2D transmissions.

[0131] R2D-X may be started at a specific timing (start timing). The start timing of R2D-X may be, for example, immediately after the R2D synchronization signal or at a slot boundary.

[0132] Different rules may be applied to determine the specific timing (start timing) between slots, for example, the rules for determining the specific timing (e.g., the specific timing) may be different depending on whether an R2D synchronization signal is present / received in the slot.

[0133] Also, different rules may apply to determining the specific timing (start timing) depending on whether the D2R transmission is performed on the same frequency resource as the corresponding R2D transmission (reception) or on a frequency resource that has a specific relationship (e.g., a specific offset).

[0134] R2D-X may be terminated at a specific timing (end timing). The end timing of R2D-X may be, for example, immediately before an R2D synchronization signal (different from the R2D synchronization signal immediately before the start timing) or at a slot boundary.

[0135] Different rules may be applied to determine the specific timing (end timing) between slots, for example, the rules for determining the specific timing (e.g., the specific timing) may be different depending on whether an R2D synchronization signal is present / received in the slot.

[0136] Also, different rules may apply to determining the specific timing (end timing) based on whether the D2R transmission is performed on the same frequency resource as the corresponding R2D transmission (reception) or on a frequency resource that has a specific relationship (e.g., a specific offset).

[0137] Information regarding the start / end timing of R2D-X may be specified in a standard, may be predefined in the system, or may be notified to the device by the reader.

[0138] For example, information regarding the start / end timing of an R2D-X may be included in the R2D synchronization signal, or may be included in a previous (past) R2D-X. Also, information regarding the start / end timing of an R2D-X may be included in a specific portion of the R2D-X (e.g., a portion near the beginning in terms of time).

[0139] R2D-X may be mapped (transmitted) onto time domain resources excluding time domain resources for the R2D synchronization signal. R2D-X may be defined as a signal spanning multiple slots, e.g., may be mapped (transmitted) onto time domain resources excluding time domain resources for the R2D synchronization signal in multiple slots.

[0140] In addition, in R2D-X spanning multiple slots, the same TB / same information bit may be transmitted (repeatedly transmitted) across the multiple slots, or different TB / different information bits may be transmitted in different slots among the multiple slots.

[0141] 5 is a diagram showing an example of R2D-X in the second embodiment. The R2D synchronization signal is the same as in FIG. 4. In this example, R2D-X is transmitted over the second to third slots in time domain resources excluding the time domain resource for the R2D synchronization signal.

[0142] According to the above-described embodiment 2.2, the device can properly receive R2D transmissions other than the R2D synchronization signal.

[0143] <<Embodiment 2.3: D2R Transmission>> <<<Embodiment 2.3a>>> D2R transmission may start at a specific timing (start timing). The start timing of D2R transmission may be, for example, immediately after a time gap of an R2D synchronization signal or immediately after a slot boundary. The time gap may be a gap for switching time from receive to transmit and may be determined based on device capabilities. The time gap may be zero.

[0144] Different rules may be applied to determine the specific timing (start timing) between slots, for example, the rules for determining the specific timing (e.g., the specific timing) may be different depending on whether an R2D synchronization signal is present / received in the slot.

[0145] Also, different rules may apply to determining the specific timing (start timing) depending on whether the D2R transmission is performed on the same frequency resource as the corresponding R2D transmission (reception) or on a frequency resource that has a specific relationship (e.g., a specific offset).

[0146] <<<Embodiment 2.3b>>> D2R transmission may be terminated at a specific timing (end timing). The end timing of D2R transmission may be, for example, immediately before the time gap of the R2D synchronization signal or immediately before the slot boundary. The time gap may be a gap for switching time from transmit to receive and may be determined based on device capabilities. The time gap may be zero.

[0147] Different rules may be applied to determine the specific timing (end timing) between slots, for example, the rules for determining the specific timing (e.g., the specific timing) may be different depending on whether an R2D synchronization signal is present / received in the slot.

[0148] Also, different rules may apply to determining the specific timing (end timing) based on whether the D2R transmission is performed on the same frequency resource as the corresponding R2D transmission (reception) or on a frequency resource that has a specific relationship (e.g., a specific offset).

[0149] <<<Embodiment 2.3c>>> Information regarding the start / end timing of D2R transmission may be specified in a standard, may be predefined in the system, or may be notified to the device by the reader.

[0150] For example, information regarding the start / end timing of D2R transmission may be included in the R2D synchronization signal or in the R2D-X (e.g., the trigger for the D2R transmission).

[0151] <<<Embodiment 2.3d>>> A D2R synchronization signal may be included at a specific timing within a D2R transmission, and the reader may use the D2R synchronization signal to correct the timing error (of a slot), to correct the timing for any D2R transmission, and to control the receive processing of any D2R transmission.

[0152] The specific timing may include at least one of the beginning (start) of the D2R transmission, the middle of the D2R transmission, the end (tail) of the D2R transmission, etc. The specific timing may occur multiple times within the D2R transmission. For example, a D2R synchronization signal may be transmitted at the beginning and end of the D2R transmission.

[0153] A D2R synchronization signal transmitted at the beginning (start) of a D2R transmission may be called the preamble of that D2R transmission. A D2R synchronization signal transmitted in the middle of a D2R transmission may be called the midamble of that D2R transmission. A D2R synchronization signal transmitted at the end (end) of a D2R transmission may be called the postamble of that D2R transmission.

[0154] In addition, the D2R synchronization signal transmitted by a specific device may be generated based on information for identifying the specific device (e.g., a device ID) (e.g., a sequence / resource may be associated with the device ID).

[0155] 6 is a diagram showing an example of the D2R and D2R synchronization signals in the second embodiment. The R2D synchronization signal and R2D-X are the same as those in FIG. 5. In this example, in the sixth slot, the device performs a D2R transmission after the R2D synchronization signal. The D2R synchronization signal is transmitted at the beginning and end of this D2R transmission.

[0156] <<<Embodiment 2.3e>>> A D2R transmission may be defined as a signal spanning multiple slots, e.g., may be mapped (transmitted) onto time domain resources excluding time domain resources for R2D synchronization signals in multiple slots.

[0157] When a device performs D2R transmissions in N (>1) consecutive slots (which may be defined as one signal or N signals, but are not limited to such), it may not perform the n+1 th transmission if a specific condition is met after the n th transmission (slot). The specific condition may include, for example, at least one of the following: the device does not correctly detect the R2D synchronization signal between the n th transmission and the n+1 th transmission, or the device does not receive a T after the n th transmission. ｅｒｒｏｒ A larger timing error is detected; the device does not have enough time to prepare for its n+1th transmission after detecting the R2D synchronization signal [and is unable to start its n+1th transmission at the correct time].

[0158] In addition, the above T ｅｒｒｏｒ may be specified in a standard, may be predefined in the system, may be determined based on device capabilities, or relevant information may be notified to the device by the reader.

[0159] When a device performs D2R transmissions in N (>2) consecutive slots, if the device does not perform the n+1 transmission, it may perform the n+2 transmission (restart transmission) or may not perform the n+2 transmission [or later]. In the former case, if the timing error is T ｅｒｒｏｒ The n+2th transmission may be performed provided that:

[0160] FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of D2R across multiple slots in the second embodiment. The R2D synchronization signal and R2D-X are the same as those in FIG. 5. In this example, the device decides to perform D2R transmission from the sixth to seventh slots. However, due to a timing error, the D2R in the sixth slot is longer than the original transmission time and overlaps with the R2D synchronization signal in the seventh slot. In this case, the device cannot correct the timing error using the R2D synchronization signal in the seventh slot, so it does not perform the D2R transmission that was originally intended to be transmitted in the seventh slot.

[0161] <<<Embodiment 2.3f>>> A device may not perform a D2R transmission if certain conditions are met. The certain conditions may include, for example, at least one of the following: - The device did not correctly detect an R2D synchronization signal immediately before the D2R transmission; - The device did not receive a T before the D2R transmission. ｅｒｒｏｒ A larger timing error is detected; the device does not have enough time to prepare the D2R transmission after detecting the R2D synchronization signal [and is unable to start the D2R transmission at the correct time].

[0162] T ｅｒｒｏｒ Since this may be the same as in embodiment 2.3e, the description thereof will be omitted.

[0163] Note that the D2R transmission in the embodiments 2.3e / f may be interchangeably read as R2D reception. For example, if the above specific conditions are met, the device may not perform R2D reception.

[0164] According to the above-described embodiment 2.3, the device can appropriately perform D2R transmission.

[0165] According to the second embodiment described above, the device can properly transmit / receive the R2D synchronization signal, R2D-X, D2R, and D2R synchronization signals.

[0166] Third Embodiment The third embodiment relates to an access procedure for a pre-identified device. The access procedure may be called a contention-free (CF)-based access procedure, CF access, CF transmission, etc. The device may perform CF access when it receives a trigger indicating information for identifying the device (such as a device identifier ID) or including information related to CF access.

[0167] <<Embodiment 3.1>> The CF access in embodiment 3.1 employs a mechanism that is similar to the CB access mechanism but utilizes different parameters. A device may perform D2R transmission for CF access in the same way as the D2R transmission in the first embodiment.

[0168] <<<Embodiment 3.1a>>> In CF access, the device ｓｌｏｔ , T ｗｉｎｄｏｗ D2R transmission may be performed using specific (fixed) values ​​(different from those used in CB access) for at least one of the parameters and the resources used for transmission, which may be applied to any of the parameters used in the CB access mechanism.

[0169] For example, the device ｗｉｎｄｏｗ = one time unit (or T ｗｉｎｄｏｗ The end timing is set to 0 or T ｗｉｎｄｏｗ The device may determine the transmission resource for CF access and perform D2R transmission (considering that the timing is the same as the start timing of T ｗｉｎｄｏｗ = transmission period, and determination of transmission resources for CF access and D2R transmission may be performed.

[0170] In the case where at least one of the following conditions is satisfied: N devices should transmit a response (D2R transmission) to the trigger using CF access; and M (<N) resources are available in each time unit, T ｓｌｏｔ / T ｗｉｎｄｏｗ Different values / resources may be specified for CF access of each device. Which value / resource is used for a device may be predefined in the system, determined based on information for identifying the device (e.g., device ID), or notified to the device by the reader.

[0171] Also, a transmission probability for a certain time window / slot may be specified for each device. A higher transmission probability may mean that the time window / slot is more dedicated / prioritized for that device. If the transmission probability of a device for a certain time window / slot is indicated as 1 (or 0), it may mean that the time window / slot is dedicated to that device, or it may mean that the time window / slot is unavailable to that device.

[0172] FIG. 8 shows the T for CF access in the third embodiment. ｗｉｎｄｏｗ This example is similar to FIG. 2 of the first embodiment, but ｗｉｎｄｏｗ = one time unit (T ｓｌｏｔ ) The device uses the resources in this time unit to perform D2R transmission.

[0173] <<<Embodiment 3.1b>>> When the condition for CF access is met, the T ｓｌｏｔ , T ｗｉｎｄｏｗ The D2R transmission may be performed using a specific (fixed) value for at least one of the resources used for the transmission.

[0174] The conditions may relate to at least one of the following: traffic type of said D2R transmission / message size / transmission duration / corresponding R2D transmission duration / result of previous D2R transmission / T ｗｉｎｄｏｗ [length] / device type / frequency (see first embodiment); - destinations included in the R2D reception corresponding to said D2R transmission (i.e. the source of said D2R transmission); - number of said destinations; - CB / CF access indication (indication to perform a transmission based on CB / CF access); - whether a particular channel / signal (e.g. control channel / signal) has been received.

[0175] The specific value may be specified in a standard, may be predefined in the system, or may be notified to the device by the reader.

[0176] In addition, in embodiment 3.1, the frequency / code domain resources for CF access may be the same as those used / indicated in the CB access procedure, may be specified in the standard, may be pre-defined in the system, or may be notified to the device by the reader (e.g., using a CF access trigger).

[0177] According to the above-described embodiment 3.1, the device can appropriately transmit the CF access based on the mechanism of the CB access.

[0178] <<Embodiment 3.2>> The CF access in embodiment 3.2 may be different from the mechanism of the CB access (may follow different rules from those of the CF access in embodiment 3.1). Whether the D2R transmission based on the CF access is performed according to embodiment 3.1 or embodiment 3.2 may be determined based on a condition. The condition may be related to at least one of the following: Traffic type of the D2R transmission / Message size / Transmission period / Corresponding R2D transmission period / Result of past D2R transmission / T ｗｉｎｄｏｗ [length] / device type / frequency (see first embodiment); - destinations included in the R2D reception corresponding to said D2R transmission (i.e. the source of said D2R transmission); - number of said destinations; - CB / CF access indication (indication to perform a transmission based on CB / CF access); - whether a particular channel / signal (e.g. control channel / signal) has been received.

[0179] Note that this condition may be different from the condition shown in embodiment 3.1b.

[0180] Embodiment 3.2a A device may be indicated one or more time resources for CF access. This indication may be signaled, for example, by a corresponding R2D transmission. All indicated resources are to be used by the device.

[0181] Embodiment 3.2b: A plurality of time resources for CF access may be indicated to a plurality of devices (or a group of devices). The indication may be signaled, for example, by corresponding R2D transmissions. Which resources are used for a given device may be predefined in the system, determined based on device identification information (e.g., device ID), or signaled to the device by the reader.

[0182] <<<Embodiment 3.2c>>> The time resource for CF access may be determined relatively from a certain time without explicit instruction. For example, if an R2D transmission (trigger) is received at time t, the corresponding D2R transmission for CF access may be performed at time t+k, where k may be specified in the standard, predefined in the system, or determined based on information for identifying the device (e.g., device ID).

[0183] It should be noted that in embodiment 3.2, the device may use designated / determined time resources rather than using random selection of resources as described in the first embodiment.

[0184] In addition, in embodiment 3.2, frequency / code domain resources for CF access may be specified / determined in the same way as the time domain resources described above.

[0185] According to the above-described embodiment 3.2, a device can appropriately transmit CF access based on a mechanism different from the mechanism for CB access.

[0186] According to the third embodiment described above, a device can appropriately determine resources for D2R transmission for CF access and appropriately transmit the D2R transmission.

[0187] <Supplementary Information> <<Notification of Information to UE>> In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information to the UE [from a Network (NW) (e.g., a Base Station (BS))] (in other words, reception of any information from the BS by the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0188] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) in the MAC subheader, which is not defined in existing standards.

[0189] When the notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, the format of the DCI, etc.

[0190] Furthermore, notification of any information to the UE in the above embodiments may be performed periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.

[0191] <<Notification of Information from UE>> In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information from the UE [to the NW] (in other words, transmission / report of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0192] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new LCID, which is not defined in existing standards, in the MAC subheader.

[0193] If the notification is made by UCI, the notification may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0194] Furthermore, any information in the above-described embodiments may be notified from the UE periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.

[0195] <<Regarding Application of Each Embodiment>> In a UE / BS, specific (one or more) processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information for at least one of the above-mentioned embodiments may be applied (used) when one or more of the following conditions are met: - a higher layer parameter indicating the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is configured; - the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is determined based on related higher layer parameters; - the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is specified / activated / triggered by a MAC CE / DCI / UCI / resource / channel / RS; - a specific UE capability indicating (or related to) the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is reported or supported; - the application of the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is determined based on specific conditions.

[0196] The specific UE capability may indicate at least one of the following: - supporting the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information; - being an A-IoT device; - being a terminal powered by energy harvesting.

[0197] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), or may be a capability for each frequency (e.g., one or a combination of a cell, a band, a band combination, a BWP, a component carrier, etc.), or may be a capability for each frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), or may be a capability for each subcarrier spacing (SubCarrier Spacing (SCS)), or may be a capability for each Feature Set (FS) or Feature Set Per Component-carrier (FSPC), or may be a capability for each functionality / model.

[0198] Furthermore, the specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied to all duplexing methods (commonly regardless of the duplexing method), or may be a capability for each duplexing method (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD) or Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0199] If the above conditions are not met, the UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0200] (Supplementary Note) The following invention is supplementary note regarding one embodiment of the present disclosure: [Supplementary Note 1] A terminal that is supplied with power by energy harvesting, comprising: a control unit that determines a unit time for transmission based on a received instruction; a receiving unit that receives a synchronization signal transmitted in a specific unit time until the end of the transmission; and a transmitting unit that performs the transmission, wherein when the transmission is performed at a first timing, the receiving unit receives a part or all of the synchronization signal between a specific timing before the first timing and the first timing.

[0201] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any one of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of the present disclosure or a combination thereof.

[0202] 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may be simply referred to as system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE) or 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR) specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0203] The wireless communication system 1 may also support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.

[0204] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the master node (Master Node (MN)), and the NR base station (gNB) is the secondary node (Secondary Node (SN)). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0205] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity in which both the MN and SN are NR base stations (gNBs) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0206] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with a relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) that are located within the macrocell C1 and form small cells C2 that are smaller than the macrocell C1. A user terminal 20 may be located within at least one of the cells. The location, number, shape, size, etc. of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the embodiment shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when there is no need to distinguish between the base stations 11 and 12, they will be collectively referred to as the base station 10.

[0207] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize multi-input multi-output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or may be formed by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called, for example, a supercell) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called, for example, subcells). A supercell may correspond to a cell with a fixed physical range, and a subcell may correspond to a cell with a quasi-static / dynamically variable physical range. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0208] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using multiple component carriers (CCs) and dual connectivity (DC).

[0209] Each CC may be included in at least one of a first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and a second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). The macro cell C1 may be included in FR1, and the small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band higher than 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may correspond to a higher frequency band than FR2.

[0210] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may perform communication using at least one of time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD) in each CC.

[0211] The multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), an X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wirelessly (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between the base stations 11 and 12, the base station 11 corresponding to the upper station may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and the base station 12 corresponding to the relay station (relay) may be called an IAB node.

[0212] The base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 directly or via another base station 10. The core network 30 may include, for example, at least one of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN), a Next Generation Core (NGC), and the like.

[0213] The core network 30 may include network functions (Network Functions (NF)) such as a User Plane Function (UPF), an Access and Mobility management Function (AMF), a Session Management Function (SMF), a Unified Data Management (UDM), an Application Function (AF), a Data Network (DN), a Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). A single network node may provide multiple functions. Communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may also be performed via the DN.

[0214] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of communication methods such as LTE, LTE-A, and 5G.

[0215] An Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based radio access scheme may be used in the wireless communication system 1. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), or the like may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0216] The radio access scheme may also be called a waveform. Note that in the wireless communication system 1, other radio access schemes (e.g., other single-carrier transmission schemes, other multi-carrier transmission schemes) may be used as the UL and DL radio access schemes.

[0217] In the wireless communication system 1, a downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)), etc. may be used as the downlink channel.

[0218] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, an uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, an uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), a random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)), or the like may be used as an uplink channel.

[0219] The PDSCH transmits user data, higher layer control information, a System Information Block (SIB), etc. The PUSCH may transmit user data, higher layer control information, etc. Furthermore, the PBCH may transmit a Master Information Block (MIB).

[0220] Lower layer control information may be transmitted by the PDCCH. The lower layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) including scheduling information for at least one of the PDSCH and the PUSCH.

[0221] Note that the DCI for scheduling the PDSCH may be referred to as a DL assignment, a DL DCI, etc., and the DCI for scheduling the PUSCH may be referred to as a UL grant, a UL DCI, etc. Note that the PDSCH may be replaced with DL data, and the PUSCH may be replaced with UL data.

[0222] A control resource set (CORESET) and a search space may be used to detect the PDCCH. The CORESET corresponds to resources for searching for DCI. The search space corresponds to a search region and a search method for PDCCH candidates. One CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE may monitor the CORESET associated with a certain search space based on the search space configuration.

[0223] One search space may correspond to PDCCH candidates corresponding to one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. Note that the terms "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," "CORESET configuration," and the like in the present disclosure may be read interchangeably.

[0224] The PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery confirmation information (which may be called, for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). The PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with a cell.

[0225] In the present disclosure, downlink, uplink, etc. may be expressed without adding "link." Also, various channels may be expressed without adding "Physical" to the beginning.

[0226] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc. may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, as the DL-RS, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc. may be transmitted.

[0227] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including an SS (PSS, SSS) and a PBCH (and a DMRS for the PBCH) may be referred to as an SS / PBCH block, an SS Block (SSB), or the like. Note that the SS, SSB, and the like may also be referred to as a reference signal.

[0228] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), or the like may be transmitted as an uplink reference signal (UL-RS). Note that the DMRS may also be called a user equipment-specific reference signal (UE-specific reference signal).

[0229] (Base Station) Fig. 10 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transceiver unit 120, a transceiver antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that the base station may include one or more of each of the control unit 110, the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140.

[0230] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0231] The control unit 110 performs overall control of the base station 10. The control unit 110 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, and the like that are explained based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0232] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may control transmission and reception using the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140, measurement, etc. The control unit 110 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals, and transfer them to the transceiver unit 120. The control unit 110 may perform call processing (setting up, releasing, etc.) of communication channels, status management of the base station 10, management of radio resources, etc.

[0233] The transceiver unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transceiver unit 120 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0234] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be configured from a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be configured from a transmission processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may be configured from a reception processing unit 1212, the RF unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.

[0235] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0236] The transceiver 120 may transmit the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 120 may receive the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0237] The transceiver 120 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0238] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer processing, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), Medium Access Control (MAC) layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 110, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0239] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0240] The transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 130.

[0241] On the other hand, the transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 130.

[0242] The transceiver 120 (reception processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, thereby acquiring user data, etc.

[0243] The transceiver 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0244] The transmission path interface 140 may transmit and receive signals (backhaul signaling) between devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0245] The transmitting section and receiving section of the base station 10 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving section 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140.

[0246] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a radio unit (RU), a distributed unit (DU), and a central unit (CU). For example, the RU may implement RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level functions of the physical layer (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may implement higher-level functions of the physical layer (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may implement the functions of the PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer.

[0247] In the present disclosure, the base station 10 may include a single device that realizes all of the functions of the RU, DU, and CU, or may include multiple devices that each realize some of the functions of the RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In the present disclosure, the base station 10 may be interchangeably read as RU / DU / CU.

[0248] Note that the base station 10 may be the BS in Fig. 1A or the BS / intermediate node in Fig. 1B. The base station 10 as an intermediate node may forward A-IoT communication between the user terminal 20 and another base station 10.

[0249] The transceiver 120 may transmit instructions to a terminal that receives power from energy harvesting, and may receive transmissions performed by the terminal based on a unit time determined based on the instructions.

[0250] The transceiver 120 may transmit an instruction to the terminal powered by energy harvesting, and the controller 110 may control the transmission of a first synchronization signal at a specific unit time until the end of transmission performed by the terminal based on the unit time determined based on the instruction.

[0251] The transceiver unit 120 may transmit an instruction to a terminal powered by energy harvesting. Furthermore, when at least one of a unit time, a set of unit times, and a transmission resource from the set for contention-based transmission is determined in the terminal based on the instruction, the transceiver unit 120 may receive a contention-free transmission transmitted from the terminal using at least one of the unit time, the set, and the transmission resource different from those used for the contention-based transmission.

[0252] (User Terminal) Fig. 11 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transceiver unit 220, and a transceiver antenna 230. Note that the user terminal 20 may include one or more of each of the control unit 210, the transceiver unit 220, and the transceiver antenna 230.

[0253] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0254] The control unit 210 performs overall control of the user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0255] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may control transmission and reception, measurement, etc. using the transceiver unit 220 and the transceiver antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals and transfer them to the transceiver unit 220.

[0256] The transceiver unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transceiver unit 220 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0257] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.

[0258] The transmitting / receiving antenna 230 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0259] The transceiver 220 may receive the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 220 may transmit the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0260] The transceiver unit 220 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0261] The transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 210, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0262] The transmitter / receiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0263] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the setting of transform precoding. When transform precoding is enabled for a certain channel (e.g., PUSCH), the transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as the transmission processing to transmit the channel using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, and if not, it may not be necessary to perform DFT processing as the transmission processing.

[0264] The transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 230.

[0265] On the other hand, the transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 230.

[0266] The transceiver unit 220 (reception processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, and acquire user data, etc.

[0267] The transceiver 220 (measurement unit 223) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 may perform RRM measurements, CSI measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 223 may measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0268] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on the channel measurement resources. The channel measurement resources may be, for example, non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on the interference measurement resources. The interference measurement resources may be at least one of an NZP CSI-RS resource for interference measurement, a CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resource, etc. Note that CSI-IM may be referred to as CSI-Interference Management (IM) or may be interchangeably read as Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. Note that in the present disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc. may be interchangeably read as interchangeable.

[0269] The transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0270] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal (A-IoT device) that receives power from energy harvesting. In this case, the user terminal 20 may have an energy harvesting unit for energy harvesting. For example, the energy harvesting unit may be composed of the transmitting / receiving antenna 230, circuits included in the transmitting / receiving unit 220, etc., and may generate power from electromagnetic waves. The energy harvesting unit may also be composed of elements that convert energy such as vibration, heat, and light, and may generate power from these energies. The user terminal 20 may also have a power storage unit (power storage element) that stores the generated power.

[0271] The transceiver unit 220 may also perform backscatter communication without having an independent signal generating / amplifying unit, and may have, for example, a backscatterer. The transceiver unit 220 may also have an amplifier unit for signal reflection, and may perform backscatter communication by amplifying, for example, a modulated signal. The transceiver unit 220 may also have an independent signal generating / amplifying unit. The transceiver unit 220 may also have an envelope detector for signal reception.

[0272] The energy harvesting unit, power storage unit, backscatter detector, envelope detector, etc. can be composed of circuits, elements, etc. described based on common understanding in the technical field to which this disclosure relates.

[0273] The control unit 210 determines a unit time (e.g., T ｓｌｏｔ The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may perform the transmission based on the unit time.

[0274] The control unit 210 may determine the unit time based on the traffic type of the transmission.

[0275] The control unit 210 determines the set of unit times (e.g., T ｗｉｎｄｏｗ ) may be determined.

[0276] The controller 210 may determine resources for the transmission from the set.

[0277] The transceiver unit 220 may also receive a first synchronization signal (eg, an R2D synchronization signal) transmitted at a particular unit of time until the end of the transmission (eg, a D2R).

[0278] The transceiver 220 may receive a signal (eg, R2D-X) that is mapped to time domain resources other than the time domain resources for the primary synchronization signal.

[0279] The transceiver unit 220 may transmit a second synchronization signal (D2R synchronization signal) at a specific timing within the transmission.

[0280] Furthermore, the control unit 210 determines the unit time (for example, T ｓｌｏｔ ), a set of unit times (e.g., T ｗｉｎｄｏｗ The transceiver unit 220 may determine at least one of the unit time, the set, and the transmission resources selected from the set. The transceiver unit 220 may perform contention-free transmission using at least one of the unit time, the set, and the transmission resources different from those used in the contention-based transmission.

[0281] The set in the contention-free transmission is determined based on the unit time (e.g., T ｓｌｏｔ ) may be equal to

[0282] The transceiver unit 220 may perform the contention-free transmission when the first condition (the condition shown in embodiment 3.1b) is satisfied.

[0283] When the second condition (the condition shown in embodiment 3.2) is satisfied, the transceiver unit 220 may perform contention-free transmission according to rules different from those of the contention-free transmission (CF access in embodiment 3.2 according to rules different from those of the CF access in embodiment 3.1).

[0284] Furthermore, the transceiver unit 220 may receive a synchronization signal (e.g., an R2D synchronization signal) transmitted in a specific unit time until the end of the transmission (e.g., D2R), and may perform the transmission. When the transmission is performed at a first timing (e.g., timing t), the transceiver unit 220 may receive some or all of the synchronization signals between a specific timing (e.g., timing t-k) before the first timing and the first timing (or may not receive some or all of the synchronization signals).

[0285] (Hardware Configuration) Note that the block diagrams used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may be realized by combining software with the single device or the multiple devices.

[0286] Here, the functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, election, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, deeming, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission may be called a transmitting unit, transmitter, etc. As described above, the implementation method of each is not particularly limited.

[0287] For example, a base station, a user terminal, or the like according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. The above-described base station 10 and user terminal 20 may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, and the like.

[0288] In the present disclosure, the terms apparatus, circuit, device, section, unit, etc. may be used interchangeably. The hardware configurations of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the devices.

[0289] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, processing may be performed by one processor, or processing may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, serially, or in other ways. Furthermore, processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips.

[0290] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading specified software (programs) onto hardware such as a processor 1001 and a memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication via the communication device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and the storage 1003.

[0291] The processor 1001, for example, runs an operating system to control the entire computer. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, at least a part of the above-mentioned control unit 110 (210), transceiver unit 120 (220), etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0292] The processor 1001 also reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and the other functional blocks may be implemented in a similar manner.

[0293] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured by at least one of, for example, Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EEPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be referred to as a register, cache, main memory, etc. The memory 1002 may store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0294] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be composed of at least one of, for example, a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disc (e.g., a Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a digital versatile disc, a Blu-ray disc), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device.

[0295] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmission / reception unit 120 (220), transmission / reception antenna 130 (230), etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmission / reception unit 120 (220) may be implemented as a transmission unit 120a (220a) and a reception unit 120b (220b) that are physically or logically separated.

[0296] The input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that accepts input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, a light emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (e.g., a touch panel).

[0297] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0298] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized using this hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0299] In addition, the devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NF) may also be realized by the above-mentioned functional block / hardware configuration.

[0300] (Modifications) Note that terms described in the present disclosure and terms necessary for understanding the present disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, a channel, a symbol, and a signal (signal or signaling) may be interchangeable. A signal may also be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS, and may also be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc. depending on the applicable standard. A component carrier (CC) may also be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0301] A radio frame may be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of the one or more periods (frames) constituting a radio frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0302] Here, the numerology may be a communication parameter applied to at least one of transmission and reception of a signal or channel, and may indicate at least one of, for example, Subcarrier Spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, Transmission Time Interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering performed by a transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing performed by a transceiver in the time domain.

[0303] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol) in the time domain. A slot may also be a time unit based on numerology.

[0304] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0305] A radio frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals. The radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol. Note that the time units such as a frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol in the present disclosure may be interchangeable.

[0306] For example, one subframe may be referred to as a TTI, or multiple consecutive subframes may be referred to as a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be referred to as a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc. instead of a subframe.

[0307] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) to each user terminal in TTI units. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0308] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0309] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0310] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0311] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and greater than or equal to 1 ms.

[0312] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and the frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on numerology.

[0313] In addition, an RB may include one or more symbols in the time domain and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI, each of which may be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0314] In addition, one or more RBs may be referred to as a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.

[0315] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0316] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), which may also be referred to as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a Common Reference Point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within the BWP.

[0317] The BWP may include a UL BWP (BWP for UL) and a DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0318] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0319] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc. may be changed in various ways.

[0320] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0321] The names used for parameters and the like in this disclosure are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions and the like using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0322] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0323] Furthermore, information, signals, etc. may be output from a higher layer to a lower layer and / or from a lower layer to a higher layer. Information, signals, etc. may be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0324] Input and output information, signals, etc. may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information, signals, etc. may be overwritten, updated, or added. Output information, signals, etc. may be deleted. Input information, signals, etc. may be transmitted to another device.

[0325] With respect to any information (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) described in the present disclosure, even if not specifically stated in the above embodiments, any first device (e.g., UE / base station) may notify any second device (e.g., base station / UE) of information indicating / specifying (or relating to) the value of the any information.

[0326] The notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information in the present disclosure may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB) and System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0327] Note that the physical layer signaling may be referred to as Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signal), L1 control information (L1 control signal), etc. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, such as an RRC Connection Setup message or an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message. Furthermore, the MAC signaling may be notified using, for example, a MAC Control Element (CE).

[0328] Furthermore, notification of specified information (e.g., notification that "it is X") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be made implicitly (e.g., by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0329] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value represented by true or false, or by a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0330] Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0331] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0332] As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably. A "network" may refer to devices included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0333] In this disclosure, terms such as "precoding," "precoder," "weight (precoding weight)," "Quasi-Co-Location (QCL)," "Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state)," "spatial relation," "spatial domain filter," "transmit power," "phase rotation," "antenna port," "layer," "number of layers," "rank," "resource," "resource set," "beam," "beam width," "beam angle," "antenna," "antenna element," "panel," "UE panel," "transmitting entity," "receiving entity," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0334] In the present disclosure, the term "antenna port" may be interchangeably read as an antenna port for any signal / channel (e.g., a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) port). In the present disclosure, the term "resource" may be interchangeably read as a resource for any signal / channel (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). The resource may include time / frequency / code / space / power resources. Furthermore, the spatial domain transmission filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmission filter and a spatial domain reception filter.

[0335] The group may include, for example, at least one of a spatial relationship group, a Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group, a Reference Signal (RS) group, a Control Resource Set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, a panel group, and the like.

[0336] In addition, in the present disclosure, beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, codeword (CW), transport block (TB), RS, etc. may be read as interchangeable terms.

[0337] In addition, in the present disclosure, the terms TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0338] Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) property," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interchangeable.

[0339] In the present disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, and subset may be interchangeable.

[0340] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and the spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interchangeable. The "spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interchangeable with "set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)", "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information", etc. The TCI state and the TCI may be interchangeable. The spatial relationship information and the spatial relationship may be interchangeable.

[0341] In the present disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNB (eNodeB)," "gNB (gNodeB)," "access point," "transmission point (TP)," "reception point (RP)," "transmission / reception point (TRP)," "panel," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," "component carrier," etc. may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, picocell, etc.

[0342] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be partitioned into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can be provided with communication service by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication service within that coverage.

[0343] In the present disclosure, a base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control / operate based on the information.

[0344] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0345] A mobile station may also be referred to as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0346] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0347] The mobile body is a movable object that can move at any speed and naturally includes cases where the mobile body is stationary. Examples of the mobile body include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile body may also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on an operation command.

[0348] The mobile object may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may also include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0349] 13 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, an RPM sensor 51, an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0350] The drive unit 41 is configured with at least one of an engine, a motor, and a hybrid of an engine and a motor, for example. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by a user.

[0351] The electronic control unit 49 is composed of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and a communication port (for example, an input / output (IO) port) 63. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 49 from various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0352] The signals from the various sensors 50-58 include a current signal from a current sensor 50 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by a rotation speed sensor 51, an air pressure signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 54, a depression amount signal of the accelerator pedal 43 obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a depression amount signal of the brake pedal 44 obtained by a brake pedal sensor 56, an operation signal of the shift lever 45 obtained by a shift lever sensor 57, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 58.

[0353] The information service unit 59 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a display, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 60 or the like to provide various information / services (e.g., multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0354] The information service unit 59 may include input devices (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.) that output to the outside.

[0355] The driving assistance system unit 64 includes various devices for providing functions to prevent accidents and reduce the driver's driving burden, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), Inertial Navigation Systems (INSs)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driving assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0356] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 transmits and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to and from the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and the various sensors 50-58, which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0357] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Furthermore, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 described above (or may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0358] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 59 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0359] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on an information service unit 59 provided in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 60 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH)).

[0360] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, various sensors 50-58, and the like provided in the vehicle 40.

[0361] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal. For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a sidelink channel.

[0362] Similarly, the user terminal in the present disclosure may be read as a base station, in which case the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.

[0363] In the present disclosure, an operation described as being performed by a base station may be performed by its upper node in some cases. It is apparent that in a network including one or more network nodes having a base station, various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (such as, but not limited to, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving-Gateway (S-GW), etc.), or a combination thereof.

[0364] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Furthermore, the order of the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be changed unless inconsistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0365] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be a technology other than Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (x is, for example, an integer or decimal number)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.17 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.19 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.21 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.22 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.23 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.24 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.25 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.26 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.27 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.28 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.29 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.30 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.31 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.32 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.33 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802. The present invention may be applied to systems that use IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other suitable wireless communication methods, or to next-generation systems that are expanded, modified, created, or defined based on these. Furthermore, the present invention may be applied to a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0366] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0367] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0368] The term "determining" as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" may be considered to be judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, search, inquiry (e.g., looking up in a table, database, or another data structure), ascertaining, etc.

[0369] Additionally, "determining" may be considered to be "determining" receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), etc.

[0370] Furthermore, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" some kind of action. In the present disclosure, "determination" may be read interchangeably with the above-mentioned actions.

[0371] Furthermore, in this disclosure, "determine / determining" may be interchangeably read as "assume / assuming," "expect / expecting," "consider / considering," etc. Furthermore, in this disclosure, "does not expect to do..." may be interchangeably read as "assumes not to do...."

[0372] In the present disclosure, "expect" may be interchangeably read as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." ("..." may be expressed, for example, as a that clause, a to-infinitive, etc.) may be interchangeably read as "be expected ..." or "do ... (if the above "..." is a to-infinitive, a verb with "to")," etc. "does not expect ..." may be interchangeably read as "be not expected ..." or "does not ... (if the above "..." is a to-infinitive, a verb with "to")," etc. Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be interchangeably read as "an apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0373] The "maximum transmit power" in this disclosure may mean the maximum value of transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0374] As used in this disclosure, the terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access."

[0375] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to one another using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., as well as using electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, light (both visible and invisible) range, etc., as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0376] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0377] When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when the term "or" is used in this disclosure, it is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0378] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0379] In the present disclosure, terms such as "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than," "more than," "equal to," etc. may be interchangeable. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative, as expressions with "i-th" (i is any integer) attached (for example, "highest" may be interchangeable with "i-th highest").

[0380] In this disclosure, the terms "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," "associated with," etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0381] In the present disclosure, terms such as "when A, B," "if A, (then) B," "B upon A," "B in response to A," "B based on A," "B during / while A," "B before A," "B at (the same time as) / on A," "B after A," "B since A," and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Note that A, B, and the like herein may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, and regular sentences, depending on the context. Note that the time difference between A and B may be approximately zero (immediately after or immediately before). A time offset may also be applied to the time at which A occurs. For example, "A" may be interchangeable with "before / after a time offset at which A occurs." The time offset (eg, one or more symbols / slots) may be predefined or may be specified by the UE based on signaled information.

[0382] In the present disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any time unit (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0383] Although the invention according to the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the invention according to the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure. The description of the present disclosure is for illustrative purposes only and does not impose any limiting meaning on the invention according to the present disclosure.

[0384] This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-66327, filed April 16, 2024, the contents of which are incorporated herein in their entirety.

Claims

1. A terminal that is powered by energy harvesting, comprising: a control unit that determines a unit time for transmission based on a received instruction; a receiving unit that receives a synchronization signal to be transmitted at a specific unit time until the end of the transmission; and a transmitting unit that performs the transmission, wherein when the transmission is performed at a first timing, the receiving unit receives some or all of the synchronization signal between a specific timing before the first timing and the first timing.

2. A wireless communication method for a terminal powered by energy harvesting, comprising the steps of: determining a unit time for transmission based on a received instruction; receiving a synchronization signal to be transmitted at a specific unit time until the end of the transmission; and performing the transmission, wherein, when the transmission is performed at a first timing, the terminal receives some or all of the synchronization signal between a specific timing before the first timing and the first timing.

Images