Method, user equipment, processing device and storage medium for transmitting uplink signal for sensing, and method and base station for receiving uplink signal for sensing

Abstract

This UE may comprise: receiving a sensing-related configuration; and transmitting, on the basis of the sensing-related configuration, an uplink signal for sensing. The uplink signal for sensing can include at least an uplink DMRS, SRS or PUSCH signal.

Description

Method for transmitting an uplink signal for sensing, user device, processing device and storage medium, and method for receiving an uplink signal for sensing and base station

[0001] This specification relates to wireless communication systems.

[0002] Wireless communication systems utilize various technologies, including LTE, LTE-Advanced, and WiFi, and 5G is included. The three main usage scenarios for 5G include (1) Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), (2) Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC), and (3) Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC). Some use cases may require optimization across multiple areas, while others may focus on just a single Key Performance Indicator (KPI). 5G supports these diverse use cases in a flexible and reliable manner.

[0003] Recently, integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) technology has been discussed, which integrates sensing into communication networks, allowing the network to use its wireless signals to act like a radar sensor to sense and understand the physical world in which it operates.

[0004] This specification provides sensing technology using uplink wireless signals.

[0005] The technical tasks that this specification aims to achieve are not limited to the technical tasks mentioned above, and other technical tasks that are not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art related to this specification from the detailed description below.

[0006] In one aspect of the present specification, a method for transmitting an uplink signal for sensing by a user device in a wireless communication system is provided. The method includes: receiving a sensing-related setting; generating the uplink signal for sensing based on the sensing-related setting; and transmitting the uplink signal for sensing, wherein the uplink signal for sensing includes at least an uplink demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a sounding reference signal (SRS), or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) signal.

[0007] In another aspect of the present disclosure, a user equipment for transmitting an uplink signal for sensing in a wireless communication system is provided. The user equipment includes: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations. The operations include: receiving sensing-related settings; generating the uplink signal for sensing based on the sensing-related settings; and transmitting the uplink signal for sensing, wherein the uplink signal for sensing includes at least an uplink demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a sounding reference signal (SRS), or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) signal.

[0008] In another aspect of the present disclosure, a processing device is provided. The processing device includes: at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations. The operations include: receiving sensing-related settings; generating the uplink signal for sensing based on the sensing-related settings; and transmitting the uplink signal for sensing, wherein the uplink signal for sensing includes at least an uplink demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a sounding reference signal (SRS), or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) signal.

[0009] In another aspect of the present disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium is provided. The storage medium stores at least one program code comprising instructions that, when executed, cause at least one processor to perform operations. The operations include: receiving a sensing-related setting; generating the uplink signal for sensing based on the sensing-related setting; and transmitting the uplink signal for sensing, wherein the uplink signal for sensing includes at least an uplink demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a sounding reference signal (SRS), or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) signal.

[0010] In another aspect of the present specification, a method for a base station to receive an uplink signal for sensing from a user equipment in a wireless communication system is provided. The method includes: transmitting a sensing-related setting; and receiving the uplink signal for sensing based on the sensing-related setting, wherein the uplink signal for sensing includes at least an uplink demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a sounding reference signal (SRS), or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) signal.

[0011] In another aspect of the present disclosure, a base station for receiving an uplink signal for sensing from a user equipment in a wireless communication system is provided. The base station includes: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations. The operations include: transmitting a sensing-related setting; and receiving the uplink signal for sensing based on the sensing-related setting, wherein the uplink signal for sensing includes at least an uplink demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a sounding reference signal (SRS), or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) signal.

[0012] In each aspect of the present specification, based on the uplink signal for sensing including the uplink DMRS, the sensing-related settings may include information regarding a second scrambling identifier for the uplink DMRS.

[0013] In each aspect of the present specification, information regarding a first scrambling identifier for a first DMRS for demodulation of a PUSCH may be further provided to the user equipment.

[0014] In each aspect of the present specification, the information about the second scrambling identifier may indicate a difference value between the first scrambling identifier and the second scrambling identifier.

[0015] In each aspect of the present specification, the first scrambling identifier may be one of scrambling identifiers 0 to d-1, and the second scrambling identifier may be one of scrambling identifiers d to D-1, where D and d may be predetermined positive integers.

[0016] In each aspect of the present specification, based on the uplink signal for sensing including the uplink DMRS, a first precoding matrix may be applied to data carried by a PUSCH related to the uplink DMRS, and a second precoding matrix may be applied to the uplink DMRS.

[0017] In each aspect of the present specification, information about the second procoding matrix may be provided through the sensing-related settings or downlink control information for scheduling the PUSCH related to the uplink DMRS.

[0018] In each aspect of the present specification, based on the uplink signal for sensing including the SRS, the sensing-related settings may include information regarding a second SRS cyclic shift value.

[0019] In each aspect of the present specification, further information regarding the first SRS cyclic shift value may be provided. The information regarding the second SRS cyclic shift value may indicate a difference value between the first SRS cyclic shift value and the second SRS cyclic shift value.

[0020] In each aspect of the present specification, based on the uplink signal for sensing including the PUSCH signal, the sensing-related setting may include information regarding whether the PUSCH signal includes only data, only a sensing signal, a data-based sensing signal, or both a data signal and a sensing signal.

[0021] In each aspect of the present specification, based on the fact that the uplink signal for sensing includes the PUSCH signal and the PUSCH signal includes data and a sensing signal, a first precoding matrix may be applied to the data and a second precoding matrix may be applied to the sensing signal. Information regarding the second precoding matrix may be provided through the sensing-related settings or downlink control information for scheduling the PUSCH signal.

[0022] In each aspect of the present specification, a first set of power control parameters for uplink transmissions not for sensing and a second set of power control parameters for uplink transmissions for sensing may be provided to the user equipment. The transmission power of the uplink signal for sensing may be determined based on the second set of power control parameters. The uplink signal for sensing may be transmitted at the determined transmission power.

[0023] The above problem solving means are only some of the examples of this specification, and various examples reflecting the technical features of this specification can be derived and understood by a person having ordinary knowledge in the relevant technical field based on the detailed description below.

[0024] According to some implementations of this specification, sensing using uplink signals can be performed.

[0025] According to some implementations of this specification, data about range, velocity, position, orientation, size, shape, image, material of objects, and devices can be collected through sensing using wireless signals.

[0026] The effects according to this specification are not limited to the effects mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art related to this specification from the detailed description below.

[0027] To aid in understanding implementations of this specification, the accompanying drawings, which are included as part of the detailed description, provide examples of implementations of this specification and, together with the detailed description, illustrate implementations of this specification:

[0028] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating examples of communication devices capable of performing a method according to the present specification;

[0029] Figure 2 illustrates an example of a frame structure available in a 3GPP-based wireless communication system;

[0030] Figure 3 illustrates a resource grid of slots;

[0031] Figure 4 illustrates multi-beam operation in a 3GPP-based system;

[0032] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of transmitting SS / PBCH blocks (SSB) on a cell;

[0033] Figure 6 illustrates types of sensing;

[0034] FIG. 7 illustrates some of the use cases of integrated sensing and communication (ISAC);

[0035] FIG. 8 illustrates enabled networked sensing in a centralized radio access network (C-RAN);

[0036] Figure 9 illustrates a transmission / reception flow of a sensing signal according to some implementations of the present specification.

[0037] Hereinafter, implementations according to this specification will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. The detailed description provided below, together with the attached drawings, is intended to describe exemplary implementations of this specification and is not intended to represent the only possible implementations of this specification. The detailed description below includes specific details to provide a thorough understanding of this specification. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that this specification may be practiced without these specific details.

[0038] In some cases, to avoid ambiguity in the concepts of this specification, known structures and devices may be omitted or illustrated in block diagram form focusing on the core functions of each structure and device. Furthermore, identical components are described using the same drawing reference numerals throughout this specification.

[0039] The techniques, devices, and systems described below can be applied to various wireless multiple access systems.

[0040] For convenience of explanation, the following description is based on a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)-based communication system. However, the technical features of this specification are not limited thereto. For example, although the detailed description below is based on 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) LTE or 5G technology, some implementations of this specification are applicable to any other mobile communication system and systems to be introduced in the future (e.g., 6G), except for those specific to 3GPP LTE / 5G.

[0041] For terms and technologies used in this specification that are not specifically explained, refer to 3GPP-based standard documents, for example, 3GPP TS 23.304, 3GPP TS 23.285, 3GPP TS 23.287, 3GPP TS 24.587, 3GPP TS 36.211, 3GPP TS 36.212, 3GPP TS 36.213, 3GPP TS 36.300, 3GPP TS 36.321, 3GPP 36.322, 3GPP TS 36.323, 3GPP TS and 3GPP TS 36.331, 3GPP TS 37.213, 3GPP TS 38.211, 3GPP TS 38.212, 3GPP TS 38.213, 3GPP TS 38.214, 3GPP TS 38.300, 3GPP TS 38.321, 3GPP TS 38.322, 3GPP TS 38.323, and 3GPP TS 38.331.

[0042] In the examples of this specification described below, the expression "assumes" that a device "assumes" that the entity transmitting the channel transmits the channel in a manner consistent with the "assume." The entity receiving the channel may mean that, under the assumption that the channel was transmitted in a manner consistent with the "assume," the entity receiving the channel receives or decodes the channel in a manner consistent with the "assume."

[0043] In this specification, UE may be fixed or mobile, and includes various devices that communicate with a BS (base station, BS) to transmit and / or receive user data and / or various control information. UE may be referred to as (Terminal Equipment), MS (Mobile Station), MT (Mobile Terminal), UT (User Terminal), etc. In addition, in this specification, BS generally refers to a fixed station that communicates with UE and / or other BSs, and exchanges various data and control information by communicating with UE and other BSs. BS may be referred to by other terms such as ABS (Advanced Base Station), NB (Node-B), eNB (evolved-NodeB), gNB, BTS (Base Transceiver System), Access Point, PS (Processing Server), etc. For convenience of explanation, base stations are collectively referred to as BSs regardless of the type or version of communication technology.

[0044] In this specification, a node refers to a fixed point capable of transmitting and receiving wireless signals by communicating with a UE. Various types of BSs can be used as nodes, regardless of their designation. Each node is equipped with at least one antenna. The antenna may refer to a physical antenna, an antenna port, a virtual antenna, or an antenna group. A node is also called a point or a transmission and reception point (TRP).

[0045] Meanwhile, 3GPP-based communication systems use the concept of cells to manage wireless resources. Cells associated with wireless resources are distinct from cells within a geographic area. A "cell" within a geographic area can be understood as the coverage within which a node can provide services using a carrier, while a "cell" within a wireless resource is associated with a bandwidth (BW), which is the frequency range configured by the carrier. Downlink coverage, the range within which a node can transmit valid signals, and uplink coverage, the range within which a node can receive valid signals from a UE, depend on the carrier carrying the signals. Therefore, the coverage of a node is often associated with the coverage of the "cell" within which the wireless resources are used. Therefore, the term "cell" can sometimes refer to the coverage of a service provided by a node, sometimes to a wireless resource, and sometimes to the range within which a signal using the wireless resource can reach with effective intensity.

[0046] A "cell" associated with wireless resources can be defined as a combination of downlink resources (DL resources) and uplink resources (UL resources), i.e., a combination of a DL component carrier (CC) and an UL CC. A cell can be configured with only DL resources or a combination of DL resources and UL resources. When carrier aggregation is supported, the linkage between the carrier frequency of the DL resources (or DL ​​CC) and the carrier frequency of the UL resources (or UL CC) can be indicated by system information. Here, the carrier frequency can be the same as or different from the center frequency of each cell or CC.

[0047] In a wireless communication system, a UE receives information from a base station (BS) via the downlink (DL), and the UE transmits information to the base station via the uplink (UL). The information transmitted and / or received by the BS and UE includes data and various control information, and various physical channels exist depending on the type and purpose of the information they transmit and / or receive.

[0048] 3GPP-based communication standards define downlink physical channels corresponding to resource elements that carry information originating from higher layers, and downlink physical signals corresponding to resource elements that are used by the physical layer but do not carry information originating from higher layers. For example, the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), physical broadcast channel (PBCH), and physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) are defined as downlink physical channels, and reference signals and synchronization signals are defined as downlink physical signals. A reference signal (RS), also referred to as a pilot, refers to a signal with a predefined special waveform that is known to the BS and UE. For example, the demodulation reference signal (DMRS) and the channel state information RS (CSI-RS) are defined as downlink reference signals. 3GPP-based communication standards define uplink physical channels corresponding to resource elements that carry information originating from higher layers, and uplink physical signals corresponding to resource elements that are used by the physical layer but do not carry information originating from higher layers.For example, a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), and a physical random access channel (PRACH) are defined as uplink physical channels, and a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for uplink control / data signals and a sounding reference signal (SRS) used for uplink channel measurement are defined.

[0049] In this specification, PDCCH refers to a set of time-frequency resources (e.g., resource elements (REs)) that carry downlink control information (DCI), and PDSCH refers to a set of time-frequency resources that carry downlink data. In addition, PUCCH, PUSCH, and PRACH refer to sets of time-frequency resources that carry uplink control information (UCI), uplink data, and random access preamble, respectively (respectively). Hereinafter, the expression that a UE / BS transmits / receives a PUCCH / PUSCH / PRACH is used with the same meaning as that UCI / uplink data / random access preamble are transmitted / received on or through the PUCCH / PUSCH / PRACH, respectively. Additionally, the expression that BS / UE transmits / receives PBCH / PDCCH / PDSCH is used with the same meaning as transmitting / receiving broadcast information / DCI / downlink data on or through PBCH / PDCCH / PDSCH, respectively.

[0050] In this specification, radio resources (e.g., time-frequency resources) scheduled or configured by the BS to the UE for transmission or reception of PUCCH / PUSCH / PDSCH are also referred to as PUCCH / PUSCH / PDSCH resources.

[0051] Since a communication device receives physical channels and / or physical signals in the form of radio signals on a cell, it cannot selectively receive only radio signals containing only a specific physical channel or a specific physical signal through a radio frequency (RF) receiver, nor can it selectively receive only radio signals excluding only a specific physical channel or a specific physical signal through an RF receiver. In actual operation, the communication device first receives radio signals on a cell through an RF receiver, converts the radio signals, which are RF band signals, into baseband signals, and decodes the physical signals and / or physical channels within the baseband signals using one or more processors. Therefore, in some implementations of the present specification, not receiving a physical signal and / or a physical channel may not actually mean that the communication device does not receive radio signals containing the physical signal and / or physical channel, but rather does not attempt to recover the physical signal and / or physical channel from the radio signals, for example, does not attempt to decode the physical signal and / or the physical channel.

[0052] The communication system applicable to this specification includes a wireless device, a base station (BS), and a network. Here, a wireless device may refer to a device that performs communication using wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (e.g., E-UTRA), WiFi, and 6G to be introduced in the future).

[0053] Although not limited thereto, wireless devices may include robots, vehicles, XR (eXtended Reality) devices, handheld devices, home appliances, IoT (Internet of Things) devices, and AI devices / servers. For example, BSs and networks may also be implemented as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device may act as a BS / network node to other wireless devices.

[0054] Wireless devices can connect to a network via a base station (BS). Wireless devices can incorporate artificial intelligence (AI) technology, and can connect to AI servers via the network. Wireless devices can communicate with each other via the base station / network, but they can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network.

[0055] Wireless communication / connection can be established between a wireless device and a BS, between BSs, and / or between wireless devices. Here, the wireless communication / connection can be uplink / downlink communication (UL / DL) and sidelink communication (SL) (or D2D communication) through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR). Through the wireless communication / connection (UL / DL, SL), the wireless device and the BS / wireless device can transmit / receive wireless signals to / from each other. To this end, at least some of various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and resource allocation processes can be performed based on various proposals of this specification.

[0056] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating examples of communication devices capable of performing a method according to the present specification. Referring to FIG. 1, a first wireless device (100) and a second wireless device (200) can transmit and / or receive wireless signals via various wireless access technologies. Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} may be wireless devices included in a communication system.

[0057] Each of the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (102, 202) and one or more memories (104, 204), and may further include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processors (102, 202) control the memories (104, 204) and / or the transceivers (106, 206), and may be configured to implement the functions, procedures, and / or methods described / suggested below. For example, the processors (102, 202) may process information in the memories (104, 204) to generate first information / signals, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information / signals via the transceivers (106, 206). In addition, the processor (102, 202) may receive a wireless signal including second information / signal through the transceiver (106, 206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104, 204). The memory (104, 204) may be connected to the processor (102, 202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102, 202). For example, the memory (104, 204) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102, 202), or store software code including commands for performing the procedures and / or methods described / proposed below. Here, the processor (102, 202) and the memory (104, 204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology. A transceiver (106, 206) may be connected to a processor (102, 202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108, 208). The transceiver (106, 206) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver.

[0058] Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as a physical (PHY) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more protocol data units (PDUs) and / or one or more service data units (SDUs) in accordance with the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this specification. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed in this specification. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed in this specification, and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) may receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed in this specification.

[0059] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. Firmware or software configured to perform the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this specification may be included in one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and executed by one or more processors (102, 202). The functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this specification may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions, and / or sets of instructions.

[0060] One or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and / or externally to one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, one or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0061] One or more transceivers (106, 206) may transmit / receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., referred to in the methods and / or flowcharts of this specification, to / from one or more other devices. Furthermore, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit / receive user data, control information, or wireless signals to / from one or more other devices. Furthermore, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and / or receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., referred to in the functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of this specification, via one or more antennas (108, 208). In this specification, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202). One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert processed user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from baseband signals to RF band signals using one or more processors (102, 202). For this purpose, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or a filter.

[0062] In this specification, at least one memory (104, 204) can store instructions or programs, which, when executed, cause at least one processor (102, 202) operably connected to the at least one memory to perform operations according to some embodiments or implementations of the present specification.

[0063] In this specification, a computer-readable (non-transitory) storage medium can store at least one instruction or computer program, which when executed by at least one processor causes the at least one processor to perform operations according to some embodiments or implementations of the present specification.

[0064] Figure 2 illustrates an example of a frame structure available in a 3GPP-based wireless communication system.

[0065] The structure of the frame in Fig. 2 is only an example, and the number of subframes, the number of slots, and the number of symbols in the frame can be varied. In some wireless communication systems, OFDM numerologies (e.g., subcarrier spacing (SCS)) may be set differently between multiple cells aggregated to a single UE. Accordingly, the (absolute time) duration of a time resource (e.g., subframe, slot, or transmission time interval (TTI)) composed of the same number of symbols may be set differently between the aggregated cells. Here, the symbol may include an OFDM symbol (or a cyclic prefix - orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) symbol), an SC-FDMA symbol (or a discrete Fourier transform-spread-OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbol). In this specification, the terms symbol, OFDM-based symbol, OFDM symbol, CP-OFDM symbol and DFT-s-OFDM symbol may be interchangeable.

[0066] Referring to Figure 2, uplink and downlink transmissions are organized into frames. Each frame is T f = (△f max *N f / 100)*T c = 10 ms duration, where T is the basic time unit. c = 1 / (△f max *N f ) and △f max = 480*10 3 Hz, and N f =4096. For reference, the sampling time T s = 1 / (△f ref *Nf,ref ) and △f ref = 15*10 3 Hz, and N f,ref =2048. T c Wow T f is a constant κ = T s / T c = 64 relationship. A frame consists of 10 subframes, and the duration of a single subframe is T. sf is 1ms. Subframes are further divided into slots, and the number of slots in a subframe depends on the subcarrier spacing. Each slot is divided into N slots based on a cyclic prefix (CP). slot symb It can be composed of symbols. For example, in some scenarios, in the case of normal CP, each slot consists of 14 OFDM symbols, and in the case of extended CP, each slot consists of 12 OFDM symbols. The numerology is exponentially scalable with subcarrier spacing △f = 2. u *Depends on 15 kHz. The following table shows the subcarrier spacing for regular CP △f = 2. u *Number of OFDM symbols per slot at 15 kHz (N) slot symb ), number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot ) is shown.

[0067]

[0068] The following table shows the subcarrier spacing for extended CP △f = 2. u *Indicates the number of OFDM symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe at 15 kHz.

[0069]

[0070] For a subcarrier spacing setting u, slots are n in increasing order within a subframe. u s ∈ {0, ..., nsubframe,u slot - 1} and n in increasing order within the frame u s,f ∈ {0, ..., n frame,u slot - Numbered as 1}.

[0071] Hereinafter, implementations of this specification are described by referring to the minimum unit of time for scheduling uplink, downlink, and sidelink transmissions as a slot. However, depending on the wireless communication system, the minimum unit of time for scheduling may be referred to by a different term. For example, in an LTE-based system, the minimum unit of time for scheduling transmissions is referred to as a subframe or a transmission time interval (TTI), whereas in an NR-based system, the minimum unit of time for scheduling is referred to as a slot.

[0072] Figure 3 illustrates a resource grid of slots. A slot is a multiple (e.g., N) in the time domain. slot symb ) contains symbols of each numeral (e.g., subcarrier spacing) and carrier, a common resource block (CRB)N indicated by higher layer signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) signaling). start,u grid Starting from,N size,u grid,x *N RB sc Dog subcarriers and N subframe,u symb A resource grid of OFDM symbols is defined, where N size,u grid,xis the number of resource blocks (RBs) in the resource grid, and the subscript x is DL for downlink and UL for uplink. N RB sc is the number of subcarriers per RB, and in 3GPP-based wireless communication systems, N RB sc is typically 12. For a given antenna port p, subcarrier spacing configuration u, and transmission direction (DL or UL), there is one resource grid. The carrier bandwidth N for subcarrier spacing configuration u size,u grid is given to the UE by higher layer parameters (e.g., RRC parameters) from the network. Each element in the resource grid for antenna port p and subcarrier spacing configuration u is called a resource element (RE), and one complex-valued symbol can be mapped to each RE. Each RE in the resource grid is uniquely identified by an index k in the frequency domain and an index l indicating the symbol position relative to a reference point in the time domain. RBs can be classified into common resource blocks (CRBs) and physical resource blocks (PRBs). CRBs are numbered upwards from 0 in the frequency domain for subcarrier spacing configuration u. The center of subcarrier 0 of CRB 0 for subcarrier spacing configuration u coincides with 'point A', which is a common reference point for resource block grids. PRBs for subcarrier spacing configuration u are defined in a bandwidth part (BWP), numbered from 0 to N. size,u BWP,i -1, where i is the number of the bandwidth part. Common resource block n u CRB and bandwidth part i within physical resource block n PRB The relationship between the two is as follows: nu PRB = n u CRB +N start,u BWP,i , here N start,u BWP,i is a common resource block (BRB) whose bandwidth part starts relative to CRB 0. A BWP comprises multiple contiguous RBs in the frequency domain. For example, a BWP may be a given numeral u within a BWP i on a given carrier. i A subset of contiguous CRBs defined for a carrier. A carrier may contain up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. A UE may be configured to have one or more BWPs on a given component carrier. Data communication is performed through the activated BWPs, and only a predetermined number (e.g., 1) of BWPs configured for the UE may be activated on the carrier.

[0073] Figure 4 illustrates multi-beam operation in a 3GPP-based system.

[0074] 5G and subsequent 3GPP-based systems can utilize high ultra-high frequency bands, such as the millimeter wave frequency band (mmWave) above 6 GHz, to transmit data to multiple users while maintaining high data rates by utilizing a wide frequency band. However, the millimeter wave frequency band has frequency characteristics that show very rapid signal attenuation over distance due to the use of such a high frequency band. Therefore, when using a band of at least 6 GHz or higher, 3GPP-based systems use a narrow beam transmission technique to compensate for the rapid propagation attenuation characteristics by concentrating energy in a specific direction rather than omnidirectionally transmitting the signal, thereby solving the problem of reduced coverage due to rapid propagation attenuation. However, when providing service using only a single narrow beam, the service range of a single BS is limited, so the BS gathers multiple narrow beams to provide service as a wide beam.

[0075] Figure 5 illustrates an example of SS / PBCH blocks (SSB) being transmitted on a cell.

[0076] In 3GPP-based systems, each synchronization signal (SS) / physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block (SS / PBCH block, i.e., SSB) is associated with a beam. For example, during a half-frame, different SSBs can be transmitted in different spatial directions (using different beams that span the cell's coverage area). The possible time positions of the SSBs within a half-frame are determined by the subcarrier spacing, and the periodicity of the half-frames in which the SSBs are transmitted is set by the network. Multiple SSBs can be transmitted within the carrier's frequency span. Different indices of the SSBs transmitted / detected on a cell can correspond to different BS (wide) Tx beams.

[0077] In 3GPP-based systems, multi-beam operation is based on beam switching / beam scanning, which transmits / receives signals while changing beam directions over time. For example, assuming that a BS supports up to N transmission beams, beam sweeping can be performed, which transmits a synchronous signal block (SSB) consisting of PSS, SSS, and PBCH in each of up to N beam directions (see SSB beam sweeping in Figure 4).

[0078] Referring back to Figure 4, the UE can measure the power of SSB(s) received from BS transmission (Tx) beams using a wide reception (Rx) beam and select its preferred beam. For example, the UE can select one SSB from among the detected / received SSBs. 3GPP-based systems specify a specific mapping between SSBs and random access channel (RACH) occasions to allow the network to know which beam the UE has selected. A RACH occasion is a time and frequency resource available for transmission of a RACH preamble. The network can provide the UE with information about how many SSBs can be mapped to a single RACH occasion and how many preamble indices can be mapped to a single SSB. For example, if the network configures the number of SSBs per RACH epoch as 1 / N, then one SSB is associated with N RACH epochs (where N is a positive integer), and if the network configures the number of SSBs per RACH epoch as N, then N preamble indices are mapped to a single SSB. The UE selects an SSB from among the SSBs detected / received by the UE on the cell, and selects a RACH epoch based on the selected SSB to transmit. The BS can detect the RACH epoch including the PRACH from the UE through BS Rx beam sweeping, thereby knowing which SSB among the SSBs transmitted on the cell the UE has selected. The BS can determine a BS Tx beam for communication with the UE based on the SSB selected by the UE.

[0079] For finer beam tuning, CSI-RS may be transmitted. The BS may perform beam refinement using CSI-RS transmissions in narrower beams around the BS Tx beam determined based on the RACH timing at which the PRACH from the UE is detected (see CSI-RS beam sweeping in FIG. 4). The UE may measure the power of CSI-RSs received from these BS Tx narrow beams and report to the BS which of the BS Tx narrow beams it prefers. For example, the UE may measure CSI-RSs on CSI-RS resources to select at least one CSI-RS resource, and report to the BS a CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI) and a corresponding reference signal received power (RSRP) of the selected CSI-RS resource. The BS may determine a BS Tx narrow beam based on the CRI and / or corresponding RSRP reported by the UE, and repeatedly transmit CSI-RS through the BS Tx narrow beam (see P3 CSI-RS beam sweeping in FIG. 4) so ​​that the UE performs Rx beam sweeping to find an appropriate UE Rx beam. The UE may measure the power of the CSI-RS received at each UE Rx beam to find an appropriate UE Rx beam.

[0080] A UE can detect a beam failure using CSI-RS / SSB. For example, if the L1-RSRP for a beam to be connected falls below a certain limit, the UE determines that the beam has failed and searches for other candidate beams with good quality. If a predetermined number of beam failures are detected, a beam failure recovery (BFR) procedure can be triggered using the candidate beam. The network can provide the UE with an identifier (ID) of an SSB transmitted by a cell, which is used to determine a candidate beam for BFR, and a preamble index used when performing BRF when selecting the candidate beam identified by the SSB. If the UE detects a predetermined number of beam failures, the network sends a BRF request to the network by transmitting a PRACH associated with the SSB ID, and the network provides a random access response (RAR) to the UE in response to the BRF request.

[0081] When receiving a PDSCH, the UE can assume that the demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) port of the PDSCH is quasi co-located (QCL) with the associated SSB, with respect to the Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay extension, and spatial Rx parameters.

[0082] Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC)

[0083] ISAC is a technology for integrating sensing capabilities into cellular networks by reusing and modifying existing mobile network infrastructure. In an ISAC system, sensing is integrated into the communications network, allowing the network to act like a radar sensor, using its wireless signals to sense and understand the physical world in which it operates. According to ISAC, the network can collect data about range, velocity, position, orientation, size, shape, images, material of objects, and devices through wireless sensing. By collecting and processing sensed data, networks can enhance their own operations, augment existing services such as extended reality (XR) and digital twinning, and enable new services such as gesture and activity recognition, object detection, and tracking, along with imaging and environmental reconstruction.

[0084] The following defines terms used in this specification with respect to ISAC.

[0085] - 3GPP sensing data: Data derived from 3GPP radio signals that are affected (e.g., reflected, refracted, diffracted) by objects or environments of interest for sensing purposes and optionally processed within a 3GPP system.

[0086] - 3GPP-based wireless sensing (e.g., 5G wireless sensing): A 5GS feature that provides the capabilities to obtain information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment (e.g., shape, size, orientation, speed, location, distances or relative motion between objects) using 3GPP technology-based radio frequency signals, which may in some cases be extended by information generated through previously specified functionality in the EPC and / or E-UTRAN.

[0087] - Background environment: Background (clutter and / or environmental objects) other than the sensing target(s).

[0088] - Non-3GPP sensing data: Data provided by non-3GPP sensors (e.g., video, LiDAR, sonar) about objects or environments of interest for sensing purposes.

[0089] Sensing contextual information: Information exposed by the 5G system along with sensing results to a trusted third party, providing context about the conditions under which the sensing results were derived. This information does not include 3GPP sensing data.

[0090] - Sensing group: A set of sensing transmitters and sensing receivers whose locations are known and from which sensing data can be collected synchronously.

[0091] - Sensing Receiver: A sensing receiver is an entity that receives sensing signals to be used during the operation of a sensing service. The sensing receiver is part of a radio access network node (RAN) node (e.g., BS) or UE, and may be located in the same or a different entity than the sensing transmitter.

[0092] - Sensing result: Processed 3GPP sensing data requested by the service consumer.

[0093] - Sensing signals: Transmissions over the 3GPP radio interface that can be used for sensing purposes.

[0094] -Sensing target: A target that needs to be detected by deriving the characteristics of objects in the environment from the sensing signal.

[0095] - Sensing Transmitter: A sensing transmitter is an entity that sends sensing signals to be used during sensing service operation. The sensing transmitter is part of a RAN node or UE and may be located in the same or a different entity than the sensing receiver.

[0096] - Target sensing service area: A Cartesian location area that needs to be detected by deriving characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment from the affected (e.g., reflected, refracted, diffracted) 3GPP wireless signals with a specific sensing service quality, and which may include both indoor and outdoor environments.

[0097] 3GPP-based wireless sensing services can be consumed by 3GPP systems or third parties.

[0098] Figure 6 illustrates the types of sensing. In ISAC, sensing can be broadly divided into two types.

[0099] -Monostatic sensing: Sensing in which the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver are co-located at the same transmission and reception point (TRP) or UE.

[0100] -Bi-static sensing: Sensing in which the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver are located in different TRPs or UEs.

[0101] An advanced scenario called multistatic sensing, involving multiple transmitters and receivers, is also possible. Reflections of the sensing signal transmitted from the sensing receiver are received and processed to obtain characteristics of the detected object and its environment (e.g., its location).

[0102] Figure 7 illustrates some of the use cases of ISAC.

[0103] 3GPP-based wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to obtain information about the environment and / or the characteristics of objects within the environment, such as the distance (range), angle, and instantaneous linear velocity of objects. Because radio frequency sensing does not require devices to connect objects to the network, it can provide device-free object localization services. Estimates of parameters such as signal strength, delay, Doppler, and angular spectrum information can be obtained from 3GPP-based radio frequency signals, and in some cases, scattered and / or reflected radio frequency signals transmitted and received by RAN nodes or UEs, using previously defined information available in the EPC and / or E-UTRAN without affecting the EPC and E-UTRAN. By processing these radio frequency signals, features such as object position, velocity, and geometric information can be extracted and exposed to various applications along with contextual information.3GPP-based wireless sensing services offer new possibilities for improving the utilization of communication infrastructure and provide input to a variety of verticals (e.g., UAVs, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.) enabling applications such as: i) object and intruder detection in predefined secure areas around smart homes, highways, railways, factories, and critical infrastructure (see Figures 7(a) and 7(b)); assisted automotive maneuvering and navigation; collision avoidance and trajectory tracking of UAVs, vehicles, and AGVs; traffic management; and health and activity monitoring. In some cases, 3GPP-based wireless sensing can also utilize non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing.

[0104] A common framework for the ISAC channel model consists of a target channel component and a background channel component:

[0105] H ISAC =H target +H background .

[0106] Target Channel H target contains all (multipath) components affected by the sensing target(s). Background channel H background contains other (multipath) components that do not belong to the target channel.

[0107] Figure 8 illustrates networked sensing enabled by a centralized radio access network (C-RAN). A C-RAN is a centralized, cloud-based architecture for radio access networks supporting 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, and future wireless communication standards. Designed for 5G and future communication technologies, the C-RAN architecture provides a flexible and reconfigurable framework that enables various sensing modes. A typical C-RAN consists of a pool of baseband units (BBUs), a large number of remote radio heads (RRHs), and a fronthaul network that connects the RRHs to BBHs. The BBH pool is deployed at a centralized site with software-defined BBUs that process baseband signals and coordinate radio resource allocation. Ultimately, the BBU pool can function as a centralized signal processing unit for network sensing. The RRHs can be responsible for radio frequency (RF) amplification, up / down conversion, filtering, analog-to-digital / digital-to-analog conversion, and interface adaptation, enabling them to be utilized as radar sensors supported by wireless technologies (e.g., 5G, etc.) waveforms and associated ISAC signaling technologies.

[0108] The types of sensing described above can be further divided into the following six modes depending on the type of sensing transmitter and sensing receiver: TRP-TRP bistatic, TRP monostatic, TRP-UE bistatic, UE-TRP bistatic, UE-UE bistatic, UE monostatic.

[0109] - UE monostatic: The UE receives the echo signal reflected from the target of the uplink communication / sensing signal it transmitted. UE monostatic can use all data symbols in the received signals, privacy may be less of an issue because the sensed results are not directly linked to the UE, and the UE can sense its surrounding environment. Since UE monostatic requires the UE to transmit and receive signals simultaneously, it requires full-duplex operation in frequency and time, and devices may be specially deployed to address this issue.

[0110] - UE-TRP bistatic: The UE transmits uplink communication / sensing signals. UE-TRP bistatic can sense the environment between UEs and between UEs and RRHs. It requires minimal modification to the communication infrastructure. However, UE-TRP bistatic raises privacy concerns because sensing signals are directly linked to UEs, and not all data symbols within the received signals may be known.

[0111] When utilizing downlink communication / sensing signals for ISAC, the question arises as to how to indicate the sensing signal to the sensing receiver. Furthermore, considering that sensing performance varies depending on the power of the sensing signal, as with the communication signal, the question arises as to how to allocate the power of the sensing signal. Furthermore, when DMRS / PUSCH is used as the sensing signal, the precoding of the communication signal and the precoding of the sensing signal may need to be set differently depending on the location of the sensing target. Below, several implementations of this specification regarding a method for notifying a UE acting as a sensing transmitter of a sensing signal in the case of UE-TRP bistatic are described. Furthermore, several implementations of this specification regarding a method for allocating the power of the sensing signal in the case of UE-TRP bistatic are described. Furthermore, several implementations of this specification regarding a method for determining a precoding matrix for the sensing signal are described.

[0112] The following can be used as uplink signals for sensing: reference signals (e.g., DMRS, sounding reference signal (SRS)) and data payloads (e.g., PUSCH). Reference signals (RS), such as DMRS and SRS, are irregular and variable-length signals and have a limited signal structure compared to the data payload. The data payload (e.g., PUSCH) is UE-specific, irregular, and long, and has unknown signal values, but has a flexible signal structure.

[0113] Figure 9 illustrates a transmission / reception flow of a sensing signal according to some implementations of the present specification.

[0114] The BS can transmit sensing configuration(s) to the UE (S901). The UE can transmit sensing signal(s) based on the sensing configuration(s) (S902). The BS can receive sensing signal(s) based on the sensing configuration(s) (S902) and obtain sensing data based on the received sensing signal (S903). The BS can process the sensing data to obtain sensing results. The BS can provide the sensing results to a 3GPP-based sensing service.

[0115] <Method of indicating a sensing signal>

[0116] 1. Sensing from DM-RS

[0117] The following describes the sequence generation of DM-RS (i.e., PUSCH DM-RS) when transform precoding for PUSCH is disabled, as defined in section 6.4.1.1.1.1 of 3GPP TS 38.211.

[0118]

[0119] The following tables describe the sequence generation of DM-RS (i.e., PUSCH DM-RS) when transform precoding for PUSCH is enabled, as defined in section 6.4.1.1.1.2 of 3GPP TS 38.211.

[0120]

[0121]

[0122] The following tables describe the mapping of PDSCH DM-RS to precoding and physical resources as defined in section 6.4.1.1.3 of 3GPP TS 38.211.

[0123]

[0124]

[0125] The following tables are Table 6.4.1.1.3-1, which shows parameters for PUSCH DM-RS configuration type 1, Table 6.4.1.1.3-2, which shows parameters for PUSCH DM-RS configuration type 2, and Table 6.4.1.1.3-3, which shows PUSCH DM-RS positions within a slot for disabled intra-slot frequency hopping and single-symbol DM-RS, respectively, as described in 3GPP TS 38.211. Table 6.4.1.1.3-3, PUSCH DM-RS positions for disabled intra-slot frequency hopping and double-symbol DM-RS. Table 6.4.1.1.3-4, which represents the PUSCH DM-RS time index, and Table 6.4.1.1.3-5, which represents the PUSCH DM-RS time index.

[0126]

[0127]

[0128]

[0129]

[0130]

[0131] DMRS is an RS used by a transmitter to estimate the channel estimation value required for a receiver to demodulate data transmitted by the transmitter. DMRS can be transmitted along with the corresponding physical channel regardless of DL or UL, and also plays a major role in power allocation. For example, if a transmitter transmits DMRS and data at the transmission power, and the receiver is notified or knows the transmission power, the receiver can compare the received power of the DMRS with the received power of the physical channel to determine the degree of power attenuation experienced by the DMRS and the physical channel as they pass through the channel. DMRS is an RS generated / transmitted for the purpose of data demodulation / decoding at the receiver, and is transmitted only within a specific time-frequency resource of the physical channel that contains data to be decoded at the receiver.

[0132] For DMRS, different beamformings cannot be configured for communication and sensing. When DMRS is used as a sensing signal, sensing is possible via communication signals without resource loss. To enable a UE to transmit a DM-RS for sensing, the BS may need to inform the UE of an uplink (UL) DM-RS scrambling identifier (ID). The following methods can be used:

[0133] * Alt1-1. A higher layer parameter (e.g., RRC parameter) scramblingID0 regarding the value to be applied for initializing UL DMRS scrambling for CP-OFDM used in sequence generation may be provided to the UE by being set to a specific value. In some implementations, if ScramblingID0∈{0,1,…,65535}, 0~X-1 may be defined or set for PDSCH demodulation, and X~65535 may be defined or set for sensing. For example, if X is defined or set to 60000, for example, if scramblingID0 >= 60000, the UE may determine that the corresponding DMRS is for sensing (and demodulation), and the UE may be stipulated to transmit the DMRS obtained by applying the scramblingID0 as a sensing and (demodulation) signal. If DL-DMRS-ScramblingID0 < 60000, the corresponding DMRS may be considered for PUSCH demodulation. In some implementations, the existing ScramblingID0∈{0,1,…,65535} may be extended so that 0~65535 are limited to demodulation, and new scrambling IDs greater than 65535 may be defined for sensing DMRS.

[0134] * Alt1-2. The difference value between scramblingID0 set for existing communication and scramblingID0-Sensing set for sensing can be transmitted to the UE as part of the sensing-related settings. Since the existing value must be used in communication, the BS can only transmit the scrambling difference value for existing communication. If the value exists (e.g., scramblingID0-Sensing or the difference value above is set / indicated), the UE can be determined to be triggered to start transmitting the DMRS obtained by applying scramblingID0-Sensing as a sensing signal. For example, if scramblingID0-Sensing is not set / indicated, or if scramblingID0-Sensing is set by RRC signaling or the like but sensing is not triggered via DCI or the like, the UE transmits UL DMRS generated based on scramblingID0 together with PUSCH, and if scramblingID0-Sensing is set / indicated, or if scramblingID0-Sensing is set by RRC signaling or the like and sensing is triggered via DCI or the like, the UE may transmit UL DMRS generated based on scramblingID0-Sensing together with PUSCH.

[0135] BS can use DMRS generated based on scrambling ID for sensing for related PUSCH decoding and sensing, and DMRS generated based on scrambling ID for demodulation can be used (only) for related PUSCH decoding.

[0136] 2. Sensing from sounding reference signal (SRS)

[0137] The following is a description of SRS resources as defined in section 6.4.1.4.1 of 3GPP TS 38.211.

[0138]

[0139] The following tables describe the sequence generation of SRS as defined in section 6.4.1.4.2 of 3GPP TS 38.211.

[0140]

[0141]

[0142] The following table shows the cyclic shifts disclosed in 3GPP S 38.211. cs,max SRS The maximum number of K TC Table 6.4.1.4.2-1 is shown as a function of .

[0143]

[0144] The mapping of SRS to physical resources can be found in section 6.4.1.4.3 of 3GPP TS 38.211.

[0145] SRS is an RS used by the UE to determine the status of the uplink channel sent to the BS. UL transmission can be divided into codebook-based and non-codebook-based transmission.

[0146] Codebook-based UL transmission involves a method in which a UE determines its transmission strategy using a predefined set of precoding vectors, known as a codebook. Codebook-based UL transmission relies on indicated SRS resources for determining the codebook and precoding information (TPMI) values ​​for indicating which precoder from the codebook to use. An SRS resource indicator (SRI) and the TPMI, which indicate the SRS resources, may be provided via the DCI that schedules the transmission. For example, in the case of codebook-based UL transmission, a UE may transmit multiple SRSs in different beam directions, and a BS may inform the UE of the beam direction (e.g., SRS index), rank, and transmission precoding for UL, and the UE may perform an uplink transmission (e.g., a PUSCH transmission) as instructed by the BS. Referring to section 6.1.1.1 of 3GPP TS 38.214, in codebook-based UL transmission mode, the UE can determine the precoding matrix as follows:

[0147] i) Determine the SRI and precoding information and number of layers in the DCI format for scheduling PUSCH.

[0148] ii) Identify the following settings:

[0149] - Codebook subset (see parameter codebookSubset in RRC settings PUSCH-Config)

[0150] - Number of antenna ports

[0151] - PUSCH transform precoding (refer to the parameter transformPrecoder in the RRC configuration PUSCH-Config)

[0152] - PUSCH maximum rank (see parameter maxRank in RRC settings PUSCH-Config)

[0153] - DMRS configuration type (refer to parameter dmrs-Type in RRC configuration DMRS-UplinkConfig)

[0154] - UL PTRS settings (see PTRS-UplinkConfig in DMRS-UplinkConfig in PUSCH-Config in RRC settings)

[0155] iii) Select a specific TPMI table using the information from steps i) and ii) (see 3GPP TS 38.212).

[0156] iv) Determine TPMI from the above selected table

[0157] - Codebook subsets: The UE determines its codebook subsets based on reception of TPMIs and the upper layer parameter codebookSubset in PUSCH-Config.

[0158] - Transmission Rank and Power Transmission: The maximum transmission rank can be set by the upper-layer parameter maxRank in PUSCH-Config. Different configurations and UE capabilities can affect whether the transmission is fullyAndPartialAndNonCoherent, partialAndNonCoherent, or non-Coherent.

[0159] - Antenna port usage: The UE transmits PUSCH using the same antenna ports as the SRS ports indicated in the DCI format or in the RRC configuration configuredGrantConfig.

[0160] - DM-RS antenna ports: The DM-RS antenna ports can be determined according to the order of DM-RS ports defined in 3GPP TS 38.212.

[0161] For a more detailed description of the RRC settings mentioned above, please refer to 3GPP TS 38.331.

[0162] Non-codebook-based UL transmission involves a method in which a UE determines its own transmission strategy without relying on a predefined codebook. The precoder is determined directly from CSI-RS resource-based measurements by the UE, rather than from an indicated codebook / TPMI index. For non-codebook-based UL transmission, the UE may transmit multiple SRSs in different beam directions, the BS may inform the UE of the beam / precoding direction and rank via the SRS resource index(es), and the UE may perform an uplink transmission (e.g., a PUSCH transmission) so as to match the direction of the indicated SRS(es). Referring to section 6.1.1.2 of 3GPP TS 38.214, in non-codebook-based UL transmission mode, the UE may determine the precoding matrix as follows.

[0163] i) Determine the SRI in the DCI format that schedules the PUSCH and, if set, the parameter srs-ResourceIndicator in the RRC configuration.

[0164] - The UE may determine the precoder(s) and rank based on one or more SRI fields within the DCI format. The one or more SRI fields may each point to one or more SRS resource sets configured by higher layer (e.g., RRC) signaling. Only one SRS port may be configured per SRS resource.

[0165] ii) Determine the wideband SRI based on step i).

[0166] iii) Determine the transmission rank and PUSCH precoder.

[0167] - The UE may compute an SRS precoder based on measurements of associated non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. For aperiodic SRS, the NZP CSI-RS is indicated in the SRS request field of the DCI format, and the association between SRS resource sets and NZP CSI-RS may be provided to the UE by the BS via higher layer (e.g., RRC) signaling. For periodic / quasi-persistent SRS, the associated NZP CSI-RS resource may be configured to the UE via higher layers (e.g., MAC signaling and / or RRC signaling). Different configurations 'periodic', 'aperiodic', and 'quasi-persistent' may indicate how NZP CSI-RS resources and SRS resource sets are associated and triggered.

[0168] - The UE may map SRI(s) to DM-RS ports in increasing order and transmit a PUSCH using the same antenna ports as the indicated SRS resources. The UE may map SRIs to corresponding PUSCH layers that transmit a PUSCH using the same antenna ports as the DM-RS ports and the SRS ports indicated by the SRIs.

[0169] For a more detailed description of the RRC settings mentioned above, please refer to 3GPP TS 38.331.

[0170] The following table compares codebook-based UL transmission with non-codebook-based UL transmission.

[0171]

[0172] When a UE wants to transmit SRS as a sensing signal, the BS may need to inform the UE of the SRS for sensing. The following methods may be used.

[0173] * Alt2-1. BS is the upper layer parameter n used for sequence generation. cs SRS It can be set to a specific value through. The SRS cyclic shift value for sensing can be specified in a standard document, or the BS can provide the SRS cyclic shift value for sensing to the UE through sensing-related settings. For example, n cs If SRS,sensing=7 is specified in the standard document or set by BS, the UE is n cs The SRS obtained by applying SRS,sensing=7 can be transmitted as a sensing signal.

[0174] * Alt2-2. BS tells UE to set n for existing communication cs SRS and n to set for sensing cs The difference value of SRS, sensing can be transmitted. Since the existing value must be used in communication, the BS may transmit only the difference value to inform the SRS for sensing. If the value exists (e.g., n cs When SRS,sensing is set / instructed), the sensing UE changes the SRS, i.e., n cs SRS Instead of the SRS obtained by applying n cs It can be determined that the SRS obtained by applying SRS sensing has been triggered to be transmitted.

[0175] When the UE is requested (e.g., via DCI) to transmit existing SRS for uplink channel state estimation, n cs SRS Transmits the SRS generated based on n and when requested to transmit the SRS for sensing (e.g., via DCI) cs SRS, can transmit SRS generated based on sensing.

[0176] 3. Sensing from data payload (e.g., PUSCH)

[0177] Compared to DM-RS and SRS, PUSCH allows for a greater amount of resource allocation. Since its signal structure is neither fixed nor restricted, PUSCH can be used as a sensing signal, enabling the generation and transmission of signals suitable for sensing. However, because PUSCH resources are used for sensing signals, a trade-off exists between sensing performance and communication performance. The following options are possible.

[0178] i) Transmit only sensing signals (known signals)

[0179] ii) Sensing based on data signals (unknown signals)

[0180] iii) Sensing (known signal) based on the sensing signal by transmitting the data signal + sensing signal

[0181] The UE needs to be instructed whether the UE transmits only data signals, only sensing signals, or a combined signal of both. In some implementations, a 2-bit indicator may be transmitted to indicate the transmission of a sensing signal. For example, the BS may provide parameters related to sensing signal generation (e.g., cell ID, scrambling ID, sensing signal index (if defined in the standard), sensing ID) through higher layer signaling, and may provide a 2-bit indicator such as the following through DCI or RRC signaling to indicate the presence and / or type of a sensing signal within a PUSCH resource.

[0182] - 00: Existing data transmission without sensing signal

[0183] - 01: Transmit only sensing signals

[0184] - 10: Data signal-based sensing

[0185] - 11: Signal combining data signal and sensing signal

[0186] The configuration / instruction regarding the DM-RS, SRS, or PUSCH for sensing described above can be provided through the sensing-related configuration described in S901 of FIG. 9. The sensing-related configuration can be provided through DCI and / or higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, and / or MAC control element). Based on the sensing-related configuration, the UE transmits the DM-RS, SRS, and / or PUSCH for sensing (S902), and the BS can derive sensing data based on the DM-RS, SRS, and / or PUSCH for sensing (S903).

[0187] <Transmission power allocation method>

[0188] As in communications, sensing performance can vary significantly depending on the power of the sensing signal. In particular, because the UE has limited available power, sensing performance in UE-TRP bistatic is expected to be sensitive to transmit power. When DM-RS, SRS, or PUSCH are configured as sensing signals, the transmit power of these sensing signals is expected to differ from that of typical communication signals. The following considerations may be made:

[0189] * Alt1. When a UL signal (e.g., DM-RS, SRS or PUSCH) is set as a sensing signal, the UE may transmit the DM-RS, SRS or PUSCH used as the sensing signal at the maximum transmission power that can be allocated at the time (occasion) of transmitting the corresponding UL signal.

[0190] * Alt2. The UE can transmit the sensing signal using the transmission power obtained by adding a specific value additionally transmitted by the BS to the transmission power allocated to the communication signal. Since the sensing signal can significantly interfere with other UEs, the damage from interference can be reduced by increasing the transmission power each time the BS fails to sense, rather than increasing the power significantly all at once.

[0191] ** Alt2-1. For example, if a BS sets a specific value to a UE, the transmission power of a sensing signal can be increased based on the specific value without additionally transmitting another specific value. For example, if a UE receives sensing-related settings that are identical to the sensing-related settings previously received from a BS (e.g., sensing-related parameters (e.g., scramblingID, n cs If the SRS, sensing, etc.) is set again without change, the transmission power of the sensing signal can be changed stepwise based on the specific value. For example, if this transmission of the sensing signal is the third transmission, the transmission power obtained by multiplying the transmission power applied at the initial transmission of the sensing signal + the specific value * (3-1) can be applied to this transmission. Conversely, if the UE receives a setting different from the setting previously received from the BS, the application of the specific value can be initialized when determining the transmission power of the sensing signal (e.g., applying the transmission power applied at the initial transmission of the sensing signal).

[0192] * Alt3. The BS may set sensing-use transmission power parameter(s) for the sensing signal, which is separate from the communication-use transmission power parameter(s) used to determine the transmission power of the communication signal. When the UE transmits a general DM-RS, SRS, or PUSCH, the UE may determine the transmission power of the corresponding UL signal based on the communication-use transmission power parameter(s), and when the UE transmits a sensing-use DM-RS, SRS, or PUSCH, the UE may determine the transmission power of the corresponding UL signal based on the sensing-use transmission power parameter(s).

[0193] In some implementations, the transmit power of a DM-RS, SRS, or PUSCH for communication or sensing may be determined based on the uplink power control rules / formulas specified in 3GPP TS 38.213. In some implementations, in the uplink power control rules / formulas specified in 3GPP TS 38.213, some of the parameters used to determine the transmit power of a DM-RS, SRS, or PUSCH for communication may be changed or adjusted for sensing.

[0194] <Precoding matrix of sensing signals>

[0195] When DM-RS / PUSCH is used as a sensing signal, precoding for the communication signal and precoding for the sensing signal may need to be set differently depending on the location of the sensing target. Since the BS signals the precoding matrix to be applied to the UL transmission or signals the parameters used when determining the precoding matrix to be applied to the UL transmission to the UE, the BS knows which precoding matrix the UE applied to perform the UL transmission, and thus even if the DMRS and / or PUSCH with the precoding applied is received, it is possible to derive sensing data based on the received DMRS / PUSCH. The following can be used to set the precoding for the communication signal and the precoding for the sensing signal differently.

[0196] * Alt1. When DM-RS is used for sensing

[0197] Previously, it was assumed that DM-RS and PUSCH were always precoded and transmitted with the same precoding matrix. In some implementations of this specification, when DM-RS is used for channel estimation (i.e., channel estimation for demodulation / decoding of PUSCH) and sensing, the UE may transmit PUSCH data using a precoding matrix, but may transmit the DM-RS using a precoding matrix different from the precoding matrix applied to the PUSCH data.

[0198] * Alt2. When PUSCH is used for sensing, data and sensing signals are transmitted through the PUSCH.

[0199] The UE can transmit data within the PUSCH and the sensing signal within the PUSCH by applying different precoding matrices.

[0200] In Alt1 or Alt2, since the precoding matrix can continuously change depending on the position of the target, the BS can inform the UE of the precoding matrix to be applied to PUSCH / data and the precoding matrix to be applied to the sensing signal through DCI.

[0201] The implementations of this specification described in the above-mentioned <Precoding matrix of sensing signal>, <Transmission power allocation method>, and <Precoding matrix of sensing signal> may be applied separately or two or more may be applied together.

[0202] A UE may perform operations according to some implementations of the present disclosure in connection with transmitting a sensing signal. The UE may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations according to some implementations of the present disclosure. A processing device for the UE may include at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations according to some implementations of the present disclosure. A computer-readable (non-transitory) storage medium may store at least one computer program comprising instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations according to some implementations of the present disclosure. A computer program or computer program product may be recorded on at least one computer-readable (non-transitory) storage medium and may include instructions that, when executed, cause (at least one processor) to perform operations according to some implementations of the present disclosure. In the method by the UE, or in the UE, the processing device, the computer-readable (non-transitory) storage medium, and / or the computer program product, the operations may include: receiving sensing-related settings; generating the uplink signal for sensing based on the sensing-related settings; and transmitting the uplink signal for sensing. The uplink signal for sensing may include at least an uplink DMRS, SRS, or PUSCH signal.

[0203] In some implementations, based on the uplink signal for sensing including the uplink DMRS, the sensing-related configuration may include information regarding a second scrambling identifier for the uplink DMRS.

[0204] In some implementations, the method or the operations may further include: receiving information regarding a first scrambling identifier for a first DMRS for demodulating a PUSCH. In some implementations, the information regarding the second scrambling identifier may indicate a difference value between the first scrambling identifier and the second scrambling identifier.

[0205] In some implementations, the first scrambling identifier may be one of scrambling identifiers 0 to d-1, and the second scrambling identifier may be one of scrambling identifiers d to D-1, where D and d may be predetermined positive integers.

[0206] In some implementations, the method or the operations may further include: applying a first precoding matrix to data carried by a PUSCH associated with the uplink DMRS and applying a second precoding matrix to the uplink DMRS prior to reception of the uplink DMRS, based on the uplink signal for sensing including the uplink DMRS. In some implementations, the method or the operations may further include: receiving information about the second precoding matrix via the sensing-related configuration or downlink control information scheduling the PUSCH associated with the uplink DMRS.

[0207] In some implementations, based on the uplink signal for sensing including the SRS, the sensing-related configuration may include information regarding a second SRS cyclic shift value.

[0208] In some implementations, the method or the operations may further include: receiving information regarding a first SRS cyclic shift value. In some implementations, the information regarding a second SRS cyclic shift value may indicate a difference value between the first SRS cyclic shift value and the second SRS cyclic shift value.

[0209] In some implementations, based on the uplink signal for sensing including the PUSCH signal, the sensing-related configuration may include information regarding whether the PUSCH signal includes only data, only sensing signals, a data-based sensing signal, or both a data signal and a sensing signal.

[0210] In some implementations, the method or the operations may further include: applying a first precoding matrix to the data and a second precoding matrix to the sensing signal prior to transmission of the PUSCH signal, based on the uplink signal for sensing including the PUSCH signal and the PUSCH signal including data and a sensing signal. In some implementations, the method or the operations may further include: receiving information about the second precoding matrix via the sensing-related configuration or downlink control information for scheduling the PUSCH signal.

[0211] In some implementations, the method or the operations may include: receiving a first set of power control parameters for an uplink transmission not for sensing and a second set of power control parameters for an uplink transmission for sensing; and determining a transmit power of the uplink signal for sensing based on the second set of power control parameters. The uplink signal for sensing may be transmitted at the determined transmit power.

[0212] A BS may perform operations according to some implementations of the present disclosure in connection with receiving a sensing signal. The BS may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations according to some implementations of the present disclosure. A processing device for the BS may include at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations according to some implementations of the present disclosure. A computer-readable (non-transitory) storage medium may store at least one computer program comprising instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations according to some implementations of the present disclosure. A computer program or computer program product may be recorded on at least one computer-readable (non-transitory) storage medium and may include instructions that, when executed, cause (at least one processor) to perform operations according to some implementations of the present disclosure. In the BS, the processing device, the computer-readable (non-transitory) storage medium, and / or the computer program product, the operations may include: transmitting sensing-related settings; generating the uplink signal for sensing based on the sensing-related settings; and receiving the uplink signal for sensing. The uplink signal for sensing may include at least an uplink DMRS, SRS, or PUSCH signal.

[0213] In some implementations, based on the uplink signal for sensing including the uplink DMRS, the sensing-related configuration may include information regarding a second scrambling identifier for the uplink DMRS.

[0214] In some implementations, the method or the operations may further include transmitting information regarding a first scrambling identifier for a first DMRS for demodulating a PUSCH. In some implementations, the information regarding the second scrambling identifier may indicate a difference value between the first scrambling identifier and the second scrambling identifier.

[0215] In some implementations, the first scrambling identifier may be one of scrambling identifiers 0 to d-1, and the second scrambling identifier may be one of scrambling identifiers d to D-1, where D and d may be predetermined positive integers.

[0216] In some implementations, the method or the operations may further include: based on the uplink signal for sensing including the uplink DMRS, decoding data carried by a PUSCH associated with the uplink DMRS based on a first precoding matrix, and decoding the uplink DMRS based on a second precoding matrix. In some implementations, the method or the operations may further include: transmitting information about the second precoding matrix via the sensing-related configuration or downlink control information scheduling the PUSCH associated with the uplink DMRS.

[0217] In some implementations, based on the uplink signal for sensing including the SRS, the sensing-related configuration may include information regarding a second SRS cyclic shift value.

[0218] In some implementations, the method or the operations may further include transmitting information regarding the first SRS cyclic shift value. In some implementations, the information regarding the second SRS cyclic shift value may indicate a difference value between the first SRS cyclic shift value and the second SRS cyclic shift value.

[0219] In some implementations, based on the uplink signal for sensing including the PUSCH signal, the sensing-related configuration may include information regarding whether the PUSCH signal includes only data, only sensing signals, a data-based sensing signal, or both a data signal and a sensing signal.

[0220] In some implementations, the method or the operations may further include: based on the uplink signal for sensing including the PUSCH signal and the PUSCH signal including data and a sensing signal, decoding the data based on a first precoding matrix and decoding the sensing signal based on a second precoding matrix. In some implementations, the method or the operations may further include: transmitting information about the second precoding matrix via the sensing-related configuration or downlink control information for scheduling the PUSCH signal.

[0221] In some implementations, the method or the operations may further comprise transmitting a first set of power control parameters for uplink transmissions that are not for sensing and a second set of power control parameters for uplink transmissions that are for sensing.

[0222] As described above, the examples disclosed herein are provided to enable those skilled in the art to implement and practice the present disclosure. While the examples have been described above with reference to the examples of the present disclosure, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and variations may be made to the examples of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the examples described herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

[0223] Implementations of this specification can be used in wireless communication systems, BSs, user equipment, and other equipment.

Claims

1. When a user device transmits an uplink signal for sensing in a wireless communication system, Receive sensing related settings; Generating the uplink signal for sensing based on the above sensing-related settings; and Including transmitting the above uplink signal for sensing, The uplink signal for sensing includes at least an uplink demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a sounding reference signal (SRS), or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) signal. Method of transmitting uplink signals.

2. In paragraph 1, Based on the fact that the uplink signal for sensing includes the uplink DMRS, the sensing-related setting includes information about a second scrambling identifier for the uplink DMRS. Method of transmitting uplink signals.

3. In paragraph 2, Receive further information about a first scrambling identifier for a first DMRS for demodulation of PUSCH, The information about the second scrambling identifier indicates a difference value between the first scrambling identifier and the second scrambling identifier. Method of transmitting uplink signals.

4. In paragraph 2, The first scrambling identifier is one of scrambling identifiers 0 to d-1, and the second scrambling identifier is one of scrambling identifiers d to D-1, where D and d are predetermined positive integers. Method of transmitting uplink signals.

5. In paragraph 1, Based on the above uplink signal for sensing including the above uplink DMRS, Further comprising, prior to receiving the uplink DMRS, applying a first precoding matrix to data carried by a PUSCH related to the uplink DMRS and applying a second precoding matrix to the uplink DMRS. Method of transmitting uplink signals.

6. In paragraph 5, Further comprising receiving information about the second procoding matrix through the sensing-related settings or downlink control information scheduling the PUSCH related to the uplink DMRS. Method of transmitting uplink signals.

7. In paragraph 1, Based on the fact that the uplink signal for sensing includes the SRS, the sensing-related setting includes information about a second SRS cyclic shift value. Method of transmitting uplink signals.

8. In paragraph 7, Receive more information about the first SRS cyclic transition value, The information about the second SRS cyclic shift value indicates a difference value between the first SRS cyclic shift value and the second SRS cyclic shift value. Method of transmitting uplink signals.

9. In paragraph 1, Based on the fact that the uplink signal for sensing includes the PUSCH signal, the sensing-related setting includes information on whether the PUSCH signal includes only data, only a sensing signal, a data-based sensing signal, or both a data signal and a sensing signal. Method of transmitting uplink signals.

10. In paragraph 1, Based on the fact that the uplink signal for sensing includes the PUSCH signal, and the PUSCH signal includes data and a sensing signal, Further comprising, prior to transmitting the PUSCH signal, applying a first precoding matrix to the data and applying a second precoding matrix to the sensing signal. Method of transmitting uplink signals.

11. In paragraph 10, Further comprising receiving information about the second procoding matrix through the sensing-related settings or downlink control information for scheduling the PUSCH signal. Method of transmitting uplink signals.

12. In paragraph 1, Receiving a first set of power control parameters for uplink transmissions not for sensing and a second set of power control parameters for uplink transmissions for sensing; and Including determining the transmission power of the uplink signal for sensing based on the second power control parameter set, The above uplink signal for sensing is transmitted with the determined transmission power. Method of transmitting uplink signals.

13. In a wireless communication system, when a user device transmits an uplink signal for sensing, At least one transmitter / receiver; at least one processor; and At least one computer memory operably connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause said at least one processor to perform operations, said operations comprising: Receive sensing related settings; Generating the uplink signal for sensing based on the above sensing-related settings; and Including transmitting the above uplink signal for sensing, The uplink signal for sensing includes at least an uplink demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a sounding reference signal (SRS), or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) signal. User device.

14. In a processing device in a wireless communication system, at least one processor; and At least one computer memory operably connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause said at least one processor to perform operations, said operations comprising: Receive sensing related settings; Generating an uplink signal for sensing based on the above sensing-related settings; and Including transmitting the above uplink signal for sensing, The uplink signal for sensing includes at least an uplink demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a sounding reference signal (SRS), or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) signal. Processing device.

15. In a computer-readable storage medium, The storage medium stores at least one program code comprising instructions that, when executed, cause at least one processor to perform operations, the operations comprising: Receive sensing related settings; Generating an uplink signal for sensing based on the above sensing-related settings; and Including transmitting the above uplink signal for sensing, The uplink signal for sensing includes at least an uplink demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a sounding reference signal (SRS), or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) signal. Storage media.

16. In a wireless communication system, when a base station receives an uplink signal for sensing from a user device, Transmit sensing-related settings; and Based on the above sensing-related settings, including receiving the uplink signal for sensing, The uplink signal for sensing includes at least an uplink demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a sounding reference signal (SRS), or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) signal. Method for receiving uplink signals.

17. In a wireless communication system, when a base station receives an uplink signal for sensing from a user device, At least one transmitter / receiver; at least one processor; and At least one computer memory operably connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause said at least one processor to perform operations, said operations comprising: Transmit sensing-related settings; and Based on the above sensing-related settings, including receiving the uplink signal for sensing, The uplink signal for sensing includes at least an uplink demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a sounding reference signal (SRS), or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) signal. Base station.

Images