Determination device for determining at least one exhaust gas parameter of an exhaust gas flow of a fuel cell system

Abstract

The invention relates to a determination device (10) for determining at least one exhaust gas parameter (AP) of an exhaust gas flow (ABS) of a fuel cell system (200), wherein a separating portion (20) with a separating interface (22) for fluidically connecting to a counter-separating interface (222) of an exhaust gas portion (220) of the fuel cell system (200) is provided for separating an analysis flow (ANS) from the exhaust gas flow (ABS); a condenser portion (30) is provided downstream of the separating portion (20), having a condenser device (100) for separating a liquid analysis condensate (ANK) from the analysis flow (ANS); and an analysis portion (40) is provided further downstream of the condenser portion (30), having an analysis device (42) for analyzing the analysis condensate (ANK) and determining at least one exhaust gas parameter (AP) in the analysis condensate (ANK).

Description

[0001] Determining device for determining at least one exhaust gas parameter of an exhaust gas stream from a fuel cell system

[0002] The present invention relates to a determining device for determining at least one exhaust gas parameter of an exhaust gas stream of a fuel cell system, a determining method for determining such an exhaust gas parameter, and a fuel cell system with such a determining device.

[0003] It is known that the most accurate information possible about the conditions within a fuel cell system allows for a more precise design and operation of the system. Particularly during the construction and testing of prototypes on test benches, the most accurate possible monitoring of fuel cell systems is advantageous. Part of this crucial information relies on the most accurate possible knowledge of the composition of one or more exhaust gas streams from the fuel cell system. This allows exhaust gas streams to be analyzed with regard to their chemical components, their physical parameters, and also with regard to other parameters, such as biological parameters, in order to provide insights into the operational efficiency and safety of the fuel cell system.A key informational advantage lies in the fact that, for example, based on knowledge of conductivity or chemical components in the exhaust gas stream, a statement can be made about the current degradation state of the fuel cells in the fuel cell stack. In particular, such an analysis can provide feedback on whether, and if so, which processes are actually currently taking place in the fuel cell system.

[0004] A disadvantage of the known solutions is that exhaust gas flow monitoring can only be performed decentrally. For example, if a fuel cell system is operated on a test bench, exhaust gas can be extracted, the water it contains condensed, and then analyzed. It is also possible to collect and subsequently analyze product water generated during the operation of the fuel cell system over an extended period.

[0005] The disadvantages of known solutions lie particularly in the lack of a temporal correlation between sampling and sample analysis. Specifically, it is currently impossible to provide continuous or substantially continuous monitoring and analysis of the exhaust gas stream from a fuel cell system. Therefore, it is only possible to make a general assessment of whether, and if so, which constituents or exhaust gas parameters were generated during the preceding operation of the fuel cell system. Drawing conclusions about specific operating conditions is not yet possible.

[0006] The object of the present invention is to at least partially overcome the disadvantages described above. In particular, the object of the present invention is to improve, in a cost-effective and simple manner, methods for determining the exhaust gas flow for a fuel cell system.

[0007] The foregoing problem is solved by a determination device with the features of claim 1, a determination method with the features of claim 13, and a fuel cell system with the features of claim 15. Further features and details of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, the description, and the drawings. Features and details explained in connection with the determination device according to the invention naturally also apply in connection with the capacitor device, the determination method, and the fuel cell system according to the invention, and vice versa, so that the disclosure regarding the individual aspects of the invention always refers, or can refer, to each other.

[0008] According to the invention, a determination device serves to determine at least one exhaust gas parameter of an exhaust gas stream in a fuel cell system. Such a determination device is characterized in that a separation section with a separation interface for a fluid-communicating connection with a corresponding separation interface of an exhaust gas section of the fuel cell system is provided. This separation section serves to separate an analysis stream from the exhaust gas stream of the exhaust gas section. Downstream of the separation section, a condenser section with a condenser device is arranged. This condenser device serves to separate liquid analysis condensate from the analysis stream. Further downstream of the condenser section is an analysis section with an analysis device for analyzing the analysis condensate. Based on this analysis, the determination of the at least one exhaust gas parameter in the analysis condensate is carried out.

[0009] Although the present invention is described in the context of using the determination device for a fuel cell system, such a determination can, in principle, also be used for exhaust gas streams from other devices. In such an application, the fluid-communicating connection is made with a counter-separation interface of an exhaust gas section of this other device, whereby the determination process remains essentially unchanged.

[0010] The core concept of the invention is based on the fact that a substantially continuous fluid-communicating connection to the exhaust gas section offers a continuous fluid-communicating analysis capability for the exhaust gas stream. This is ensured by the fluid-communicating connection of the measuring device via the separation interface. Thus, it becomes possible to separate a portion of the exhaust gas stream, particularly in a controlled manner with regard to quantity. For this purpose, the separation section is fluidly connected to a corresponding counter-separation interface of the exhaust gas section of the fuel cell system. This makes it possible to qualitatively, but especially also quantitatively, separate a defined quantity of the exhaust gas stream as an analysis stream in the gaseous phase state.

[0011] After this separation, the gaseous analysis stream is fed into the condenser section and then into the condenser unit. The condenser unit serves to cool the analysis stream below a defined condensation temperature to form the analysis condensate. In the operation of fuel cell systems, the relative humidity of the exhaust gas stream is typically provided by a corresponding proportion of product water. By cooling the analysis stream to a temperature below 100 degrees Celsius, the contained product water condenses, and the analysis condensate is formed. A significant portion of other components of the analysis stream, and thus also parts of the exhaust gas stream due to the previous separation, are now dissolved in the condensed water and therefore in the analysis condensate.This allows not only the product water to be separated as pure water, but also the other components of the analysis stream and thus of the exhaust gas stream contained therein. According to the invention, the product water is extracted continuously.

[0012] Due to the phase separation now possible, which will be explained in more detail later, the analytical condensate can now be fed into the analysis section. The analysis section can include one or more analytical devices capable of performing an analysis of the analytical condensate in a known, particularly continuous, manner. This analysis can involve chemical analysis, physical analysis, biological analysis, or other methods. In particular, this analytical capability is designed to be continuous, so that continuous separation, continuous condensation, and continuous analysis provide a continuous determination capability.

[0013] The determining device is specifically designed for determining at least one exhaust gas parameter of an exhaust gas stream from a fuel cell system on a test bench.

[0014] The advantage of the invention lies in the fact that continuous or essentially continuous determination becomes possible. Even for discontinuous analysis methods, however, the direct link to the current operating situation of the fuel cell system is maintained. In particular, this means that the determination of the exhaust gas parameters can even include a quantitative determination option. Thus, separation can take place specifically for the respective application or operating situation of the fuel cell system, and the assignment of these determination results to the current operating situation can be ensured by directly and / or dynamically time-resolved determination of one or more exhaust gas parameters in the analysis condensate.

[0015] In other words, compared to existing solutions, it is now possible to dynamically and with time resolution determine the parameters of individual operating situations of the fuel cell system and thus establish a correlation between the measured exhaust gas parameters and the current operating situation. If such a device is used, for example, on a test bench for fuel cell systems, a significantly more precise relationship between the operating situation and specific exhaust gas parameters can be provided, enabling a more accurate analysis of the current situation and operating mode, particularly with regard to operating efficiency, in the subsequent iteration step.With regard to degradation processes within the fuel cell system, such a continuous analysis provides a direct indication of which operating conditions, with respect to the chemical generation of chemical degradation components in the exhaust gas stream, exert an reinforcing degradation effect on the fuel cell system.

[0016] In summary, the possibility of continuous or essentially continuous analysis, particularly with regard to time-resolved determination specific to the operating situation, enables more accurate feedback and thus an improved and optimized design of fuel cell systems.

[0017] It can be advantageous if, in a determining device according to the invention, the determined at least one exhaust gas parameter has at least one of the following configurations:

[0018] - chemical exhaust gas parameter,

[0019] - physical exhaust gas parameters,

[0020] - biological exhaust gas parameter.

[0021] The preceding list is not exhaustive. With regard to the degradation processes described several times and the verification of whether such processes are currently occurring within a fuel cell system, the chemical exhaust gas parameter is of particular importance. This allows for the identification of individual ions not only based on the conductivity of the condensate being analyzed, but also on the actual ion type, for example, fluoride ions. Additionally or alternatively, physical exhaust gas parameters such as relative humidity, temperature, pressure, and especially values ​​like the current conductivity of the condensate being analyzed can also be determined. Particularly during extended operating periods, biological exhaust gas parameters can also be significant.Furthermore, it can offer advantages if, in a determining device according to the invention, at least one of the following additional sections is arranged between the capacitor section and the analysis section:.

[0022] - Phase separation section with a separation device for separating the liquid analysis condensate from gaseous components of the analysis stream,

[0023] - Mass flow control section with a control valve for controlling the mass flow of analysis condensate to the analysis section.

[0024] The preceding list is also non-exhaustive. A phase separation section serves to perform phase separation with the aid of the separation device. Depending on the current situation, the condenser device can cause the relative humidity, and thus the contained gaseous water, to condense from the separated analysis stream. This results in a mixture of liquid analysis condensate and remaining residual gas components of the analysis stream downstream of the condenser device. In principle, it is also possible to feed this mixture of gaseous analysis stream and liquid analysis condensate into the analysis section and the analysis device. However, depending on the analysis steps being performed, it may be advantageous to completely or substantially completely separate the analysis condensate from the remaining gas components of the exhaust gas stream.In such a case, a quantitative measurement of the analysis condensate relative to the exhaust gas flow can also be provided. A mass flow control section allows, additionally or alternatively, a defined and controlled quantity of analysis condensate or analysis flow to be supplied to the analysis section. This enables the analysis to be carried out in a defined and, above all, quantifiable manner. In other words, it becomes possible to determine the exhaust gas parameter specifically and quantifiably, thus obtaining quantitative feedback regarding the exhaust gas parameter in addition to purely qualitative determination options.

[0025] It is also advantageous if, in a determination device according to the invention, a feedback section is arranged downstream of the condenser section for the return of at least a portion of the gaseous analysis stream to a feedback interface for a fluid-communicating connection with a corresponding feedback interface of the exhaust gas section. This can offer several advantages. In the simplest case, pressure equalization can take place in this way to ensure that parts of the determination device are in pressure equalization with the fluid-communicating exhaust gas section. In particular, if the phase-separation section already described is provided, the return of the remaining gaseous components of the analysis stream to the exhaust gas stream can also be provided.For fuel cell systems, and especially for exhaust gas sections that include aftertreatment of the extracted exhaust gas, this is a crucial advantage, as the remaining residual gas components of the analysis stream are then also fed into this aftertreatment process. Particularly when residual fuel gas is expected in the exhaust gas section, this can offer significant benefits regarding the operational reliability of the analysis device. Finally, this also limits the flow rate of the analysis condensate through the analysis device, allowing it to be designed to be correspondingly smaller and more cost-effective.

[0026] It is further advantageous if, in a determination device according to the invention, the separation interface is designed for continuous or substantially continuous separation of the analysis stream. In particular, this is done in a controlled manner so that a precise quantity of analysis stream can be separated from the exhaust gas stream, specifically, preferably continuously. A possible design solution here is, for example, a needle valve. The use of such a separation interface with the counter-separation interface allows for minimal influence on the flow parameters in the exhaust gas stream while simultaneously separating the most representative quantity of analysis stream from the exhaust gas section.

[0027] Furthermore, it can be advantageous if, in a determining device according to the invention, a sensor device is arranged downstream of the separation interface, particularly upstream of the condenser section, for the sensory determination of at least one physical flow parameter of the analysis flow. Such a physical flow parameter could be, for example, temperature, pressure, relative humidity, or similar. In particular, physical flow parameters that influence the condensation functionality of the condenser device can be detected here. For example, the information from the physically detected flow parameters can now enable improved, targeted, and thus controlled operation of the condenser device.Depending on the temperature and pressure conditions, but especially depending on the relative humidity measured, the cooling capacity of the condenser device can be efficiently adjusted to ensure complete or substantially complete condensation of the product water from the analysis stream and thus complete or substantially complete separation of the potential analysis condensate.

[0028] It is also advantageous if, in a determination device according to the invention, the analysis device has at least one mixing module for mixing the analysis condensate with at least one analysis reagent. It is possible that mixing with analysis reagents is necessary for certain analytical procedures. Accordingly, an analysis device can provide a container, either pre-filled or refillable, with an analysis reagent. With the aid of the mixing module, the liquid analysis condensate can then be mixed with a preferably also liquid analysis reagent in order to subsequently carry out more complex, elaborate, and therefore also significantly more informative analytical procedures.It is already clearly evident here that it is also conceivable to divide the analysis condensate, so that different analysis devices for different exhaust gas parameters can perform and carry out corresponding analyses in parallel, either temporally and / or spatially.

[0029] The condenser assembly of the analytical device is characterized by having a guide channel with a channel inlet and a channel outlet for guiding the analytical flow. The guide channel is in heat-transferring contact with at least one cooling chamber, which is designed to cool the analytical flow passing through the guide channel below the condensation temperature of the analytical condensate. The guide channel has a spiral shape, at least in sections.

[0030] This allows the condenser device to provide a very cost-effective and, above all, efficient and targeted condensation method, in order to achieve the advantages of the invention, as explained with reference to a determination device according to the invention, particularly advantageously. Condensation occurs through the spiral arrangement of the guide channel and the corresponding heat-transferring contact, so that essentially completely condensed water with the corresponding constituents dissolved in the analytical condensate is discharged at the channel outlet of the guide channel in a mixture with the remaining residual gas components of the analytical stream. The previously described separation device of a phase separation section can be provided downstream of such a condenser device.Such a condenser device is made, in particular, of a hydrogen-impermeable material to ensure appropriate operational safety. Furthermore, an additive manufacturing process, preferably using a metal material, can be employed to guarantee the relatively complex design of the spiral arrangement of the guide channel.

[0031] It is advantageous if the condenser device has an active cooling system to achieve condensation. This effectively condenses the entire exhaust gas stream, allowing newly formed water to be separated from the fuel cell.

[0032] Advantages can arise if the cooling chamber of the condenser unit features a grid structure with grid-like cooling fins. Such a grid structure can have simple or crossed cooling fins. It primarily serves to guide a coolant. For example, air can flow passively through these cooling channels of the cooling grid. Active circulation of the coolant, particularly ambient air, is also conceivable, for example, using a fan. Peltier elements or similar components can also be used for active cooling. It is even possible to connect to a cooling system of the fuel cell, so that a corresponding coolant flow can be used to operate the condenser unit as well.The use of a separate coolant circuit specifically for operating the condenser device is also conceivable within the scope of the present invention. Finally, it is also conceivable to use manual cooling, for example by immersing the condenser device in ice water.

[0033] Advantages can arise if the cooling chamber of the condenser device is integrated into a cooling circuit of a coolant via fluid communication. As already indicated, such a cooling circuit can, in particular, be the cooling circuit of the fuel cell system, so that the existing peripherals and components of such a cooling circuit can also be used for the operation of the condenser device.

[0034] Furthermore, it is advantageous if the guide channel of the condenser device has a cross-sectional area that changes from the channel inlet to the channel outlet, in particular if the channel cross-section decreases from the inlet to the outlet. This reduction in cross-sectional area results in improved condensation. The improved condensation, in turn, reduces the remaining residual moisture, ensuring complete or substantially complete condensation of the analysis condensate.

[0035] In summary, the invention aims to prevent the accumulation of condensate in the exhaust gas path. Sampling is preferably optimized so that only the amount of water actually required for the sensor unit is extracted and forwarded. The condenser unit, which is particularly 3D-printed and flow-optimized, prevents water residue and optimizes heat transfer and surface finish. The condenser unit is preferably designed such that the amount of gas condensed provides precisely the required amount of condensate in the pl / min range across the entire spectrum of different operating conditions of the fuel cell. This avoids storing water in a reservoir, which could distort the concentration of the analytes.This enables time-resolved concentration measurement, in which the water in the condensation line is correlated with the intake and conveyance to the sensor unit, as well as with the dynamic microfluidic mixing with dye. Excess water, which is taken directly from the exhaust gas, is preferably returned to the exhaust gas stream without affecting the newly formed condensation sample flows.

[0036] A further aspect of the present invention is a method for determining at least one exhaust gas parameter of an exhaust gas stream from a fuel cell system. Such a method comprises the following steps: separating an analysis stream from an exhaust gas stream of an exhaust gas section of the fuel cell system,

[0037] - Condensation of analysis condensate from the separated analysis stream,

[0038] - Determining at least one exhaust gas parameter by analyzing the analysis condensate.

[0039] A determination method is used in particular in a determination device according to the invention and thus offers the same advantages as have been explained in detail with reference to the determination device according to the invention, as well as the capacitor device according to the invention.

[0040] Advantages can arise if, in a determination method according to the invention, the flow rate of the exhaust gas stream in the exhaust gas section is recorded and, in particular, taken into account when determining at least one exhaust gas parameter. In the simplest case, the flow rate can establish a quantitative reference point, so that the exhaust gas parameter can be quantifiably determined and output. It is also possible in this way to control the operation of the separation section and, for example, to adjust the separated quantity of analysis stream to the currently delivered quantity of exhaust gas stream in the exhaust gas section. Last but not least, this also makes it possible to perform calibration steps, in particular to ensure the calibration of the analysis device.

[0041] A further object of the present invention is a fuel cell system comprising at least one fuel cell stack for performing a fuel cell function. The fuel cell stack is divided into an anode section and a cathode section. An anode supply section supplies anode supply gas to the anode section, and an anode discharge section carries anode exhaust gas away from this anode section. A cathode supply section supplies cathode supply gas to the cathode section, and the cathode discharge section carries cathode exhaust gas away from it. Such a fuel cell system is characterized in that the anode discharge section and / or the cathode discharge section has at least one counter-separation interface. This interface is fluidly connected to at least one determining device of the present invention via the separation interface and the at least one counter-separation interface.A fuel cell system equipped in this way thus offers the same advantages as have been explained in detail with reference to a determining device according to the invention, a capacitor device according to the invention and a determining method according to the invention.

[0042] Further advantages, features, and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description, in which exemplary embodiments of the invention are described in detail with reference to the drawings. The drawings schematically show:

[0043] Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a fuel cell system according to the invention,

[0044] Fig. 2 shows another embodiment of a fuel cell system according to the invention,

[0045] Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of a fuel cell system according to the invention,

[0046] Fig. 4 shows a possible embodiment of an analysis device,

[0047] Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a capacitor device,

[0048] Fig. 6 shows a top view of the capacitor device of Figure 5,

[0049] Fig. 7 shows a lateral cross-section through the capacitor device of Figures 5 and 6 and

[0050] Fig. 8 shows a lateral cross-section through the installation situation of a capacitor device of Figures 5 to 7.

[0051] Figure 1 schematically depicts a fuel cell system 200. For the sake of clarity, further operating components are omitted here. The fuel cell system 200 is essentially formed by one or more fuel cell stacks 210. The single fuel cell stack 210 shown here is divided into an anode section 230 and a cathode section 240. The anode section 230 is supplied with anode supply gas AZG via an anode supply section 232. Similarly, the cathode section 240 is supplied with cathode supply gas KZG via the cathode supply section 242. With the fuel cell functionality provided, for example, by the corresponding membrane functions within the fuel cell stack 210, the anode supply gas AZG and the cathode supply gas KZG are converted into anode exhaust gas AAG and cathode exhaust gas KAG.The anode exhaust gas (AAG) is discharged via the anode discharge section 234. The cathode exhaust gas (KAG) is discharged via the cathode discharge section 244.

[0052] In Figure 1, a determination device 10 is integrated into the cathode discharge section 244 as an exhaust section 220. The cathode exhaust gas (CEG) forms the exhaust stream ABS in the exhaust section 220. The determination device 10 is now able to separate a portion of the exhaust stream ABS in the form of the analysis stream ANS in gaseous form via the counter-separation interface 222. The separation section 20 already includes a valve device 26, which can qualitatively or quantitatively control the flow rate and thus the separated quantity of analysis stream ANS. Downstream, the condenser section 30 is further formed. This condenser section 30 includes a condenser device 100, which allows at least partial condensation of an analysis condensate ANK.The analysis condensate ANK is fed downstream to the analysis section 40 and there to the analysis device 42, where it can be analyzed with respect to at least one exhaust gas parameter AP. Figure 1 also shows a first feedback option, which allows pressure equalization to be carried out with the exhaust gas section 220 via a pressure equalization section 80.

[0053] Figure 2 shows a further development of the embodiment shown in Figure 1. Here, a sensor device 24 is additionally provided upstream of the condenser device 100. This sensor device is capable of detecting physical flow parameters SP, for example, in the form of the relative humidity, pressure, and / or temperature of the separated analysis stream ANS. Figure 2 also shows a solution in which a phase separation section 50 is provided upstream of the analysis section 40. This section has a separation device 52 to essentially completely separate the remaining gas components of the analysis stream ANS and even return them to the exhaust gas section 220. In this embodiment, essentially only the liquid analysis condensate ANK, without residual gas components, is passed to the analysis device 42 of the analysis section 40.Figure 3 further illustrates the embodiment of Figure 2 by providing an additional control mechanism for the analysis condensate ANK. This is made possible by the mass flow control section 60, which in particular includes a control valve 62. This makes it possible to supply the analysis device with the analysis condensate ANK in a quantifiable and controllable manner and to determine at least one exhaust gas parameter AP in a correspondingly quantifiable way.

[0054] Figure 4 shows a possible embodiment of an analysis device 42. Here, an analysis reagent ANR is provided in an associated container, enabling mixing with the analysis condensate ANK in a mixing module 44. Using sensors (not shown in detail here), it is possible to output the components of the mixture that can be analyzed by mixing with the analysis reagent ANR, allowing for the determination of exhaust gas parameters AP, which can be measured in a more complex manner.

[0055] Figures 5 to 8 show a possible embodiment of a condenser device 100. Here, for example, it is manufactured from a metal material using a build-up process. In a spiral configuration, a guide channel 110 extends from an outer end of the spiral, where the channel inlet 112 is located, to an inner channel outlet 114. The cross-section of the guide channel 110 decreases essentially continuously to improve the condensing effect. To enable a reduction of the temperature below the condensation temperature, the guide channel 110 is located in a cooling chamber 120. For improved cooling, the cooling chamber 120 is designed here with a grid structure 122, which has a plurality of cooling fins 124.The cooling fins 124 are arranged in a crisscross pattern, forming cooling channels which, in conjunction with the guide channel 110, provide a highly efficient and effective cooling function. Figure 8 clearly shows that by integrating the cooling fins into a surrounding housing, it is also possible to integrate them into an external coolant circuit to further improve this cooling function.

[0056] The preceding explanation of embodiments describes the present invention solely by way of examples. List of reference numerals

[0057] 10 Determination device

[0058] 20 Separation section

[0059] 22 Disconnect interface

[0060] 24 Sensor device

[0061] 26 Valve device

[0062] 30 Capacitor section

[0063] 40 Analysis Section

[0064] 42 Analysis device

[0065] 44 Mixing module

[0066] 50-phase T-section

[0067] 52 Separating device

[0068] 60 Mass flow control section

[0069] 62 Control valve

[0070] 70 Return section

[0071] 72 Feedback interface

[0072] 80 Pressure equalization section

[0073] 100 capacitor device

[0074] 110 guide channel

[0075] 112 Channel inlet

[0076] 114 channel output

[0077] 120 cold storage room

[0078] 122 Lattice structure

[0079] 124 cooling fins

[0080] 200 fuel cell systems

[0081] 210 fuel cell stacks

[0082] 220 Exhaust section

[0083] 222 Counter-separation interface

[0084] 224 Feedback interface

[0085] 230 anode section

[0086] 232 Anode feed section

[0087] 234 Anode discharge section 240 Cathode section

[0088] 242 Cathode feed section

[0089] 244 Cathode discharge section

[0090] ABS exhaust flow

[0091] ANS analysis stream

[0092] ANK Analysis Condensate

[0093] ANR analysis reagent

[0094] AP exhaust gas parameters

[0095] SP physical flow parameter

[0096] AZG anode supply gas

[0097] AAG anode exhaust

[0098] KZG cathode supply gas

[0099] KAG cathode exhaust

Claims

Patent claims 1. Determination device (10) for determining at least one exhaust gas parameter (AP) of an exhaust gas stream (ABS) of a fuel cell system (200), in particular on a test bench, characterized by a separation section (20) with a separation interface (22) for a fluid-communicating connection with a counter-separation interface (222) of an exhaust gas section (220) of the fuel cell system (200) for separating an analysis stream (ANS) from the exhaust gas stream (ABS), wherein downstream of the separation section (20) a condenser section (30) is arranged with a condenser device (100) for separating liquid analysis condensate (ANK) from the analysis stream (ANS), wherein further downstream of the condenser section (30) an analysis section (40) is arranged with an analysis device (42) for analyzing the analysis condensate (ANK) and determining the at least one exhaust gas parameter (AP) in the analysis condensate (ANK).

2. Determining device (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the determined at least one exhaust gas parameter (AP) has at least one of the following configurations: - Chemical exhaust gas parameter (AP) - Physical exhaust gas parameter (AP) - Biological exhaust gas parameter (AP) 3. Determination device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the following additional sections is arranged between the capacitor section (30) and the analysis section (40): - Phase separation section (50) with a separation device (52) for separating the liquid analysis condensate (ANK) from gaseous components of the analysis stream (ANS), Mass flow control section (60) with a control valve (62) for controlling the mass flow of analysis condensate (ANK) to the analysis section (40).

4. Determination device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a feedback section (70) is arranged downstream of the condenser section (30) for a feedback of at least a part of the gaseous analysis flow (ANS) to a feedback interface (72) for a fluid-communicating connection with a counter-feedback interface (224) of the exhaust gas section (220).

5. Determination device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the separation interface (22) is designed for a continuous or substantially continuous separation of the analysis stream (ANS).

6. Determination device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a sensor device (24) is arranged downstream of the separation interface (22), in particular upstream of the capacitor section (30), for a sensory determination of at least one physical flow parameter (SP) of the analysis current (ANS).

7. Determination device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the analysis device (42) has at least one mixing module (44) for mixing the analysis condensate (ANK) with at least one analysis reagent (ANR).

8. Determination device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the condenser device (100) has a guide channel (1 10) with a channel inlet (112) and a channel outlet (114) for guiding the analysis current (ANS), wherein the guide channel (1 10) is arranged in heat-transferring contact with at least one cooling chamber (120) for cooling the analysis current (ANS) guided through the guide channel (110) below a condensation temperature of the analysis condensate (ANK), wherein the guide channel (110) further has a spiral shape at least in sections.

9. Determining device (10) according to claim 8, characterized in that the condenser device (100) has an active cooling device.

10. Determination device (10) according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the cooling chamber (120) of the condenser device (100) has a grid structure (122) with grid-shaped cooling fins (124).

11. Determination device (10) according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the cooling chamber (120) of the condenser device (100) is fluidly integrated into a cooling circuit of a coolant.

12. Determination device (10) according to one of claims 8 to 11 , characterized in that the guide channel (110) of the capacitor device (100) has a channel cross-section that changes from the channel inlet (112) to the channel outlet (114), in particular the channel cross-section decreases from the channel inlet (112) to the channel outlet (114).

13. Determination method for determining at least one exhaust gas parameter (AP) of an exhaust gas stream (ABS) of a fuel cell system (200), characterized by the following steps: - Separation of an analysis stream (ANS) from an exhaust gas stream (ABS) of an exhaust gas section (220) of the fuel cell system (200), - Condensation of analysis condensate (ANK) from the separated analysis stream (ANS), - Determination of at least one exhaust gas parameter (AP) by analysis of the analysis condensate (ANK).

14. Determination method according to claim 13, characterized in that the flow rate of the exhaust gas stream (ABS) in the exhaust gas section (220) is recorded and is taken into account, in particular, when determining the at least one exhaust gas parameter (AP).

15. Fuel cell system (200) comprising at least one fuel cell stack (210) for performing a fuel cell function, wherein the fuel cell stack (210) includes an anode section (230) with an anode- a supply section (232) for supplying anode supply gas (AZG) and an anode discharge section (234) for removing anode exhaust gas (AAG), and further a cathode section (240) with a cathode supply section (242) for supplying cathode supply gas (KZG) and a cathode discharge section (244) for removing cathode exhaust gas (KAG), characterized in that the anode discharge section (234) and / or the cathode discharge section (244) has at least one counter-separation interface (222), wherein at least one determining device (10) with the features of one of claims 1 to 12 is fluidly connected via the separation interface (22) to the at least one counter-separation interface (222).

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