Frequency mapping of data field for long range communication

Abstract

The present disclosure may propose a method for transmitting / receiving a physical protocol data unit (PPDU) with an improved structure and a device related thereto. Among various embodiments disclosed in the present disclosure, a PPDU capable of increasing a transmission range may be related to long range (LR), extended range (ER), and enhanced long range or extended long range (ELR) communications. A station (STA) related to the present disclosure may generate a physical protocol data unit (PPDU) including a data field. For example, the data field may be transmitted through four 52-tone resource units (RUs) duplicated in a frequency domain in units of 52-tone RUs. For example, in the four 52-tone RUs, a first 52-tone RU to a fourth 52-tone RU may be sequentially located in the frequency domain. For example, a phase rotation of minus one (-1) may be applied to the data tones in the lower half of the third 52-tone RU. For example, a phase rotation of minus one (-1) may be applied to the data tones in the upper half of the fourth 52-tone RU.

Description

Frequency mapping of data fields for long-distance communication

[0001] This specification relates to a wireless LAN system, and more specifically, to a method and device for improving the structure of a data field on a frame related to long range communication in a wireless LAN system.

[0002] Wireless local area networks (WLANs) have been improved in various ways. For example, the Extreme High Throughput (EHT) standard can utilize newly proposed increased bandwidth, an improved PHY layer protocol data unit (PPDU) structure, improved sequences, and the Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) technique.

[0003] For example, a new standard that further improves the EHT standard is called the Ultra High Reliability (UHR) standard. The UHR standard may also be designated as IEEE 802.11bn or Wi-Fi 8. For example, the UHR standard may propose technical features that improve data rates even at low signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) levels. Furthermore, the UHR standard may propose technical features that minimize latency and jitter even in scenarios with mobility and overlapping BSSs. Furthermore, the UHR standard may propose technical features for wireless medium reuse.

[0004] A wireless LAN system can operate with various STAs, including access points (APs) and non-AP STAs (stations). Typically, the TX power of an AP is greater than that of a non-AP STA. This difference in TX power can result in a difference between the downlink and uplink signal transmission ranges in a wireless LAN system.

[0005] To overcome these signal transmission range differences, a new physical protocol data unit (PPDU) structure could be proposed. These PPDUs could incorporate a frame structure designed to increase signal transmission range. For example, improved frequency mapping techniques could be required for PPDU data fields to increase signal transmission range. Furthermore, various signal fields within the PPDU could be proposed, with each signal field's bits needing to contain useful information for long-range communication.

[0006] The present disclosure may propose a method for transmitting / receiving a physical protocol data unit (PPDU) with an improved structure and a device related thereto.

[0007] Among the various examples of this specification, a PPDU that can increase the transmission range may be related to LR (long range), ER (extended range), and ELR (enhanced long range or extended long range) communication. An STA (station) related to this specification may generate a PPDU (physical protocol data unit) including a data field. For example, the bandwidth of the PPDU may be 20 MHz. For example, the data field may be transmitted through four 52-tone RUs (resource units) that are duplicated in the frequency domain in units of 52-tone RUs. For example, the four 52-tone RUs may be sequentially located from the first 52-tone RU to the fourth 52-tone RU in the frequency domain. For example, a phase rotation of minus one (-1) may be applied to the data tones in the lower half of the third 52-tone RU. For example, a phase rotation of minus one (-1) may be applied to the data tones in the upper half of the fourth 52-tone RU. For example, the number of spatial streams for the PPDU may be set to 1.

[0008] An example of this specification proposes an improved LR / ER / ELR PPDU structure. For example, according to an example of this specification, an improved frequency mapping technique is proposed in which RUs of a specific size are repeated. Based on this, the transmission range of the PPDU can be increased. For example, the frequency mapping technique for a specific field included in the PPDU can be improved. For example, data bits for a data field can be replicated in units of RUs of a specific size, and improved phase rotation can be applied to multiple replicated RUs. As described above, the proposed frequency-domain replication of the data field enables long-range communication, and by applying improved phase rotation while replicating the data field, performance can be improved in terms of Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR). The sequence for phase rotation in this specification can achieve superior performance in terms of PAPR because elements are defined in smaller units compared to the number of tones used in the data field. In addition, since the sequence for phase rotation of this specification has a structure that does not excessively increase complexity, it is possible to achieve the effect of reducing complexity in implementing a wireless LAN transceiver.

[0009] Additionally, various technical features are proposed to increase the transmission range of PPDUs according to an example of this specification. The relevant technical features can be applied to various signal fields of the PPDU.

[0010] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a transmitting device and / or a receiving device of the present specification.

[0011] Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram showing the structure of a wireless local area network (WLAN).

[0012] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating a general link setup process.

[0013] Figure 4 illustrates one embodiment of a multi-link (ML).

[0014] Figure 5 illustrates a PPDU transmitted / received by an STA of this specification.

[0015] Figure 6 is a diagram showing the layout of resource units (RUs) used for 20MHz PPDU.

[0016] Figure 7 is a diagram showing the layout of resource units (RUs) used for 40MHz PPDU.

[0017] Figure 8 is a diagram showing the layout of resource units (RUs) used for 80MHz PPDU.

[0018] Figure 9 shows the operation according to UL-MU.

[0019] Figure 10 shows an example of channels used / supported / defined within the 2.4 GHz band.

[0020] Figure 11 illustrates an example of channels used / supported / defined within the 5 GHz band.

[0021] Figure 12 illustrates an example of channels used / supported / defined within the 6 GHz band.

[0022] Figure 13 shows an example of a header of a MAC frame.

[0023] FIG. 14 illustrates a modified example of a transmitting device and / or a receiving device of the present specification.

[0024] Figure 15 is a diagram showing an example of a 52-tone RU that is replicated / repeated four times in the frequency domain.

[0025] Figure 16 is a diagram showing PAPR performance related to a phase rotation sequence expressed in 4 bits.

[0026] Figure 17 is a diagram showing PAPR performance related to the phase rotation sequence of Table 2.

[0027] Figure 18 is a diagram showing PAPR measured based on a repeated or duplicated 52-tone RU.

[0028] Figure 19 shows the PAPR for the phase rotation sequence shown in Table 3.

[0029] Figure 20 shows the average PAPR according to various sequences proposed in this specification.

[0030] Figure 21 is a diagram showing PAPR results of some of the sequences proposed in this specification.

[0031] Figure 22 is another diagram showing PAPR results of some of the sequences proposed in this specification.

[0032] Figure 23 is a diagram showing the results of PAPR for a sequence constructed based on 13-tone / subcarrier.

[0033] Figure 24 shows the PAPR results of the sequences related to Table 4.

[0034] Figure 25 shows another result of the sequence related to Table 4.

[0035] Figure 26 shows an example of an ELR PPDU of this specification.

[0036] Figure 27 is a diagram showing four 52-tone RUs included in an ELR PPDU.

[0037] Figure 28 is an example of a procedure flowchart related to this specification.

[0038] Figure 29 is an example of a procedure flowchart related to this specification.

[0039] In this specification, “A or B” can mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” In other words, “A or B” in this specification can be interpreted as “A and / or B.” For example, “A, B or C” in this specification can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B, and C.”

[0040] As used herein, a slash ( / ) or a comma can mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" can mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" can mean "A, B, or C."

[0041] In this specification, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” Additionally, in this specification, the expressions “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and / or B” may be interpreted identically to “at least one of A and B.”

[0042] In addition, parentheses used in this specification may mean “for example”. Specifically, when it is indicated as “control information (UHR-Signal field)”, the “UHR-Signal field” may be proposed as an example of “control information”. In other words, the “control information” in this specification is not limited to the “UHR-Signal field”, and the “UHR-Signal field” may be proposed as an example of “control information”. In addition, even when it is indicated as “control information (UHR-Signal field)”, the “UHR-Signal field” may be proposed as an example of “control information”.

[0043] Additionally, as used herein, “a / an” can mean “at least one” or “one or more.” Additionally, terms ending in “(s)” can mean “at least one” or “one or more.”

[0044] Additionally, the expressions “based on” or “on the basis of” or “according to” used herein mean “based at least in part on” and not “based solely on.”

[0045] Technical features individually described in a single drawing in this specification may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0046] The following examples of this specification can be applied to various wireless communication systems. For example, the following examples of this specification can be applied to wireless local area network (WLAN) systems. For example, the following examples of this specification can be applied to the IEEE 802.11a / g / n / ac / ax / be / bn standards. In addition, the examples of this specification can be applied to the Ultra High Reliability (UHR) standard or the next-generation wireless LAN standard that enhances IEEE 802.11bn. In addition, the examples of this specification can be applied to mobile communication systems. For example, the following examples of this specification can be applied to mobile communication systems based on the Long Term Evolution (LTE) and its evolution based on the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard.

[0047] In order to explain the technical features of this specification, the technical features to which this specification can be applied are described below.

[0048] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a transmitting device and / or a receiving device of the present specification.

[0049] An example of FIG. 1 can perform various technical features described below. FIG. 1 relates to at least one STA (station). For example, the STA (110, 120) of the present specification may also be referred to by various names such as a mobile terminal, a wireless device, a Wireless Transmit / Receive Unit (WTRU), a User Equipment (UE), a Mobile Station (MS), a Mobile Subscriber Unit, or simply a user. The STA (110, 120) of the present specification may also be referred to by various names such as a network, a base station, a Node-B, an access point (AP), a repeater, a router, a relay, etc. The STA (110, 120) of the present specification may also be referred to by various names such as a receiving apparatus, a transmitting apparatus, a receiving STA, a transmitting STA, a receiving device, a transmitting device, etc.

[0050] For example, STA (110, 120) may perform the role of an AP (access point) or a non-AP role. That is, STA (110, 120) of the present specification may perform the functions of an AP and / or a non-AP. In the present specification, AP may also be indicated as an AP STA.

[0051] The STA (110, 120) of this specification can support various communication standards other than the IEEE 802.11 standard. For example, it can support communication standards according to the 3GPP standard (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, 5G NR standard). In addition, the STA of this specification can be implemented in various devices such as mobile phones, vehicles, and personal computers. In addition, the STA of this specification can support communication for various communication services such as voice calls, video calls, data communications, and autonomous driving (Self-Driving, Autonomous-Driving).

[0052] In this specification, STA (110, 120) may include a medium access control (MAC) and a physical layer interface for a wireless medium that follow the provisions of the IEEE 802.11 standard.

[0053] Based on the sub-drawing (a) of Fig. 1, STA (110, 120) is described as follows.

[0054] The first STA (110) may include a processor (111), a memory (112), and a transceiver (113). The illustrated processor, memory, and transceiver may each be implemented as separate chips, or at least two blocks / functions may be implemented through a single chip.

[0055] The transceiver (113) of the first STA performs signal transmission and reception operations. Specifically, it can transmit and receive IEEE 802.11 packets (e.g., IEEE 802.11a / b / g / n / ac / ax / be, etc.).

[0056] For example, the first STA (110) can perform the intended operation of the AP. For example, the processor (111) of the AP can receive a signal through the transceiver (113), process the received signal, generate a transmission signal, and perform control for signal transmission. The memory (112) of the AP can store a signal (e.g., a received signal) received through the transceiver (113) and store a signal (e.g., a transmitted signal) to be transmitted through the transceiver.

[0057] For example, the second STA (120) can perform the intended operation of a non-AP STA. For example, the transceiver (123) of the non-AP performs signal transmission and reception operations. Specifically, it can transmit and receive IEEE 802.11 packets (e.g., IEEE 802.11a / b / g / n / ac / ax / be, etc.).

[0058] For example, the processor (121) of the Non-AP STA can receive a signal through the transceiver (123), process the received signal, generate a transmission signal, and perform control for signal transmission. The memory (122) of the Non-AP STA can store a signal (e.g., a reception signal) received through the transceiver (123) and store a signal (e.g., a transmission signal) to be transmitted through the transceiver.

[0059] For example, in the specification below, the operation of a device indicated as AP may be performed in the first STA (110) or the second STA (120). For example, if the first STA (110) is an AP, the operation of the device indicated as AP may be controlled by the processor (111) of the first STA (110), and a related signal may be transmitted or received through a transceiver (113) controlled by the processor (111) of the first STA (110). In addition, control information related to the operation of the AP or a transmission / reception signal of the AP may be stored in the memory (112) of the first STA (110). In addition, when the second STA (110) is an AP, the operation of the device indicated as an AP is controlled by the processor (121) of the second STA (120), and a related signal can be transmitted or received through a transceiver (123) controlled by the processor (121) of the second STA (120). In addition, control information related to the operation of the AP or the transmission / reception signal of the AP can be stored in the memory (122) of the second STA (110).

[0060] For example, in the specification below, the operation of a device indicated as a non-AP (or User-STA) may be performed in the STA (110) or the second STA (120). For example, if the second STA (120) is a non-AP, the operation of the device indicated as a non-AP may be controlled by the processor (121) of the second STA (120), and a related signal may be transmitted or received through a transceiver (123) controlled by the processor (121) of the second STA (120). In addition, control information related to the operation of the non-AP or the transmission / reception signal of the AP may be stored in the memory (122) of the second STA (120). For example, if the first STA (110) is a non-AP, the operation of a device indicated as a non-AP is controlled by the processor (111) of the first STA (110), and a related signal may be transmitted or received through a transceiver (113) controlled by the processor (111) of the first STA (120). In addition, control information related to the operation of the non-AP or the transmission / reception signal of the AP may be stored in the memory (112) of the first STA (110).

[0061] In the following specification, devices called (transmitting / receiving) STA, first STA, second STA, STA1, STA2, AP, first AP, second AP, AP1, AP2, (transmitting / receiving) Terminal, (transmitting / receiving) device, (transmitting / receiving) apparatus, network, etc. may refer to the STA (110, 120) of FIG. 1. For example, devices indicated as (transmitting / receiving) STA, first STA, second STA, STA1, STA2, AP, first AP, second AP, AP1, AP2, (transmitting / receiving) Terminal, (transmitting / receiving) device, (transmitting / receiving) apparatus, network, etc. without specific drawing symbols may also refer to the STA (110, 120) of FIG. 1. For example, in the example below, the operation of various STAs transmitting and receiving signals (e.g., PPPDU) may be performed by the transceiver (113, 123) of FIG. 1. In addition, in the example below, the operation of various STAs generating transmission and reception signals or performing data processing or calculations in advance for transmission and reception signals may be performed by the processor (111, 121) of FIG. 1.For example, an example of an operation for generating a transmission / reception signal or performing data processing or operation in advance for a transmission / reception signal may include 1) an operation for determining / obtaining / configuring / computing / decoding / encoding bit information of a subfield (SIG, STF, LTF, Data) field included in a PPDU, 2) an operation for determining / configuring / obtaining time resources or frequency resources (e.g., subcarrier resources) used for a subfield (SIG, STF, LTF, Data) field included in a PPDU, 3) an operation for determining / configuring / obtaining a specific sequence (e.g., a pilot sequence, an STF / LTF sequence, an extra sequence applied to SIG) used for a subfield (SIG, STF, LTF, Data) field included in a PPDU, 4) a power control operation and / or a power saving operation applied to an STA, 5) an operation related to determining / obtaining / configuring / computing / decoding / encoding an ACK signal, etc. Additionally, in the examples below, various information (e.g., information related to fields / subfields / control fields / parameters / power, etc.) used by various STAs for determining / acquiring / configuring / computing / decoding / encoding transmission / reception signals can be stored in the memory (112, 122) of FIG. 1.

[0062] The device / STA of the sub-drawing (a) of the above-described FIG. 1 can be modified as in the sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1. Hereinafter, the STA (110, 120) of the present specification will be described based on the sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1.

[0063] For example, the transceiver (113, 123) illustrated in sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1 may perform the same function as the transceiver illustrated in sub-drawing (a) of FIG. 1 described above. For example, the processing chip (114, 124) illustrated in sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1 may include a processor (111, 121) and a memory (112, 122). The processor (111, 121) and the memory (112, 122) illustrated in sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1 may perform the same function as the processor (111, 121) and the memory (112, 122) illustrated in sub-drawing (a) of FIG. 1 described above.

[0064] The mobile terminal, wireless device, Wireless Transmit / Receive Unit (WTRU), User Equipment (UE), Mobile Station (MS), Mobile Subscriber Unit, user, user STA, network, Base Station, Node-B, Access Point (AP), repeater, router, relay, receiving device, transmitting device, receiving STA, transmitting STA, receiving Device, transmitting Device, receiving Apparatus, and / or transmitting Apparatus described below may refer to the STA (110, 120) illustrated in the sub-drawings (a) / (b) of FIG. 1, or may refer to the processing chip (114, 124) illustrated in the sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1. That is, the technical feature of the present specification may be performed in the STA (110, 120) illustrated in the sub-drawings (a) / (b) of FIG. 1, or may be performed only in the processing chip (114, 124) illustrated in the sub-drawings (b) of FIG. 1. For example, the technical feature that the transmitting STA transmits a control signal may be understood as a technical feature that the control signal generated in the processor (111, 121) illustrated in the sub-drawings (a) / (b) of FIG. 1 is transmitted through the transceiver (113, 123) illustrated in the sub-drawings (a) / (b) of FIG. 1. Alternatively, the technical feature that the transmitting STA transmits a control signal may be understood as a technical feature that the control signal to be transmitted to the transceiver (113, 123) is generated in the processing chip (114, 124) illustrated in the sub-drawings (b) of FIG. 1.

[0065] For example, the technical feature of a receiving STA receiving a control signal can be understood as a technical feature of a control signal being received by a transceiver (113, 123) illustrated in sub-drawing (a) of FIG. 1. Alternatively, the technical feature of a receiving STA receiving a control signal can be understood as a technical feature of a control signal received by a transceiver (113, 123) illustrated in sub-drawing (a) of FIG. 1 being acquired by a processor (111, 121) illustrated in sub-drawing (a) of FIG. 1. Alternatively, the technical feature of a receiving STA receiving a control signal can be understood as a technical feature of a control signal received by a transceiver (113, 123) illustrated in sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1 being acquired by a processing chip (114, 124) illustrated in sub-drawing (b) of FIG.

[0066] Referring to the sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1, software code (115, 125) may be included in the memory (112, 122). The software code (115, 125) may include instructions that control the operation of the processor (111, 121). The software code (115, 125) may be included in various programming languages.

[0067] The processor (111, 121) or processing chip (114, 124) illustrated in FIG. 1 may include an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), another chipset, a logic circuit, and / or a data processing device. The processor may be an application processor (AP). For example, the processor (111, 121) or processing chip (114, 124) illustrated in FIG. 1 may include at least one of a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), and a modem (modulator and demodulator). For example, the processor (111, 121) or processing chip (114, 124) illustrated in FIG. 1 may be a SNAPDRAGON® series processor manufactured by Qualcomm®, an EXYNOS® series processor manufactured by Samsung®, an A series processor manufactured by Apple®, a HELIO® series processor manufactured by MediaTek®, an ATOM® series processor manufactured by INTEL®, or an enhanced processor thereof.

[0068] In this specification, uplink may mean a link for communication from a non-AP STA to an AP STA, and uplink PPDU / packet / signal, etc. may be transmitted through the uplink. In addition, in this specification, downlink may mean a link for communication from an AP STA to a non-AP STA, and downlink PPDU / packet / signal, etc. may be transmitted through the downlink.

[0069] Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram showing the structure of a wireless local area network (WLAN).

[0070] The upper part of Figure 2 shows the structure of the infrastructure BSS (basic service set) of IEEE (institute of electrical and electronic engineers) 802.11.

[0071] Referring to the top of FIG. 2, the wireless LAN system may include one or more infrastructure BSSs (200, 205) (hereinafter, BSS). The BSSs (200, 205) are a collection of APs and STAs, such as an access point (AP) 225 and a station (STA1, 200-1), that have successfully synchronized and can communicate with each other, and are not a concept that designates a specific area. The BSS (205) may also include one or more STAs (205-1, 205-2) that can be associated with one AP (230).

[0072] A BSS may include at least one STA, an AP (225, 230) providing a distribution service, and a distribution system (DS, 210) connecting multiple APs.

[0073] A distributed system (210) can connect multiple BSSs (200, 205) to implement an extended service set (ESS) 240. An ESS (240) can be used as a term to indicate a network formed by connecting one or more APs through the distributed system (210). APs included in a single ESS (240) can have the same SSID (service set identification).

[0074] The portal (portal, 220) can act as a bridge to connect a wireless LAN network (IEEE 802.11) to another network (e.g., 802.X).

[0075] In a BSS such as the upper part of Fig. 2, a network between APs (225, 230) and a network between APs (225, 230) and STAs (200-1, 205-1, 205-2) can be implemented. However, it may also be possible to establish a network and perform communication between STAs without an AP (225, 230). A network that establishes a network and performs communication between STAs without an AP (225, 230) is defined as an ad-hoc network or an independent basic service set (IBSS).

[0076] The bottom of Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram showing IBSS.

[0077] Referring to the bottom of Fig. 2, the IBSS is a BSS that operates in ad-hoc mode. Since the IBSS does not include an AP, there is no centralized management entity. That is, in the IBSS, the STAs (250-1, 250-2, 250-3, 255-4, 255-5) are managed in a distributed manner. In the IBSS, all STAs (250-1, 250-2, 250-3, 255-4, 255-5) can be mobile STAs, and access to the distributed system is not permitted, forming a self-contained network.

[0078] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating a general link setup process.

[0079] In step S310, the STA may perform a network discovery operation. This network discovery operation may include scanning by the STA. That is, for the STA to access the network, it must find a network it can join. Before joining a wireless network, the STA must identify compatible networks. The process of identifying networks in a specific area is called scanning. Scanning methods include active scanning and passive scanning.

[0080] Figure 3 illustrates a network discovery operation that includes an active scanning process as an example. In active scanning, an STA performing scanning transmits a probe request frame to discover which APs exist in the vicinity while moving between channels and waits for a response. A responder transmits a probe response frame to the STA that transmitted the probe request frame in response to the probe request frame. Here, the responder may be the STA that last transmitted a beacon frame in the BSS of the channel being scanned. In a BSS, the AP transmits the beacon frame, so the AP becomes the responder. In an IBSS, the STAs within the IBSS take turns transmitting beacon frames, so the responder is not constant. For example, an STA that transmits a probe request frame on channel 1 and receives a probe response frame on channel 1 can store BSS-related information included in the received probe response frame and move to the next channel (e.g., channel 2) to perform scanning (e.g., transmitting and receiving probe requests / responses on channel 2) in the same manner.

[0081] Although not shown in the example of FIG. 3, the scanning operation can also be performed in a passive scanning manner. An STA performing scanning based on passive scanning can wait for a beacon frame while moving between channels. A beacon frame is one of the management frames in IEEE 802.11. It announces the presence of a wireless network and is periodically transmitted so that the scanning STA can find the wireless network and participate in the wireless network. In the BSS, the AP periodically transmits the beacon frame, and in the IBSS, the STAs within the IBSS take turns transmitting the beacon frame. When the scanning STA receives a beacon frame, it stores the information about the BSS included in the beacon frame and moves to another channel, recording the beacon frame information on each channel. An STA that receives a beacon frame can store the BSS-related information included in the received beacon frame, move to the next channel, and perform scanning on the next channel in the same manner.

[0082] An STA that discovers a network can perform an authentication process through step S320. This authentication process may be referred to as the first authentication process to clearly distinguish it from the security setup operation of step S340 described below. The authentication process of S320 may include a process in which the STA transmits an authentication request frame to the AP, and the AP responds by transmitting an authentication response frame to the STA. The authentication frame used for the authentication request / response corresponds to a management frame.

[0083] The authentication frame may include information such as an authentication algorithm number, an authentication transaction sequence number, a status code, a challenge text, a Robust Security Network (RSN), and a Finite Cyclic Group.

[0084] An STA can transmit an authentication request frame to an AP. The AP can determine whether to grant authentication to the STA based on the information contained in the received authentication request frame. The AP can provide the result of the authentication process to the STA via an authentication response frame.

[0085] A successfully authenticated STA may perform an association process based on step S330. The association process includes a process in which the STA transmits an association request frame to the AP, and the AP transmits an association response frame to the STA in response. For example, the association request frame may include information related to various capabilities, such as a beacon listen interval, a service set identifier (SSID), supported rates, supported channels, RSN, mobility domain, supported operating classes, a Traffic Indication Map Broadcast request, and interworking service capabilities. For example, the association response frame may contain information related to various capabilities, status codes, Association ID (AID), supported rates, Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) parameter sets, Received Channel Power Indicator (RCPI), Received Signal to Noise Indicator (RSNI), mobility domains, timeout interval (association comeback time), overlapping BSS scan parameters, TIM broadcast response, QoS maps, etc.

[0086] In step S340, the STA may perform a security setup process. The security setup process of step S340 may include, for example, a process of setting up a private key through a four-way handshaking using an Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN (EAPOL) frame.

[0087] Figure 4 illustrates one embodiment of a multi-link (ML).

[0088] As illustrated in FIG. 4, multiple multi-link devices (MLDs) can communicate over a remote link. The MLDs can be categorized into AP MLDs including multiple AP STAs and non-AP MLDs including multiple non-AP STAs. That is, the AP MLD can include affiliated APs (e.g., AP STAs), and the non-AP MLD can include affiliated STAs (e.g., non-AP STAs, or user-STAs).

[0089] A multilink may include a first link and a second link, and different channels / subchannels / frequency resources may be allocated to the first and second links. The first and second multilinks may be identified through a link ID of 4 bits (or other n bits). The first and second links may be configured in the same 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, or 6 GHz band. Alternatively, the first link and the second link may be configured in different bands.

[0090] The AP MLD of FIG. 4 includes three affiliated APs. In the example of FIG. 4, AP1 may operate in the 2.4 GHz band, AP2 may operate in the 5 GHz band, and AP3 may operate in the 6 GHz band. In the example of FIG. 4, the first link in which AP1 and non-AP1 operate may be defined as a channel / subchannel / frequency resource within the 2.4 GHz band. Furthermore, in the example of FIG. 4, the second link in which AP2 and non-AP2 operate may be defined as a channel / subchannel / frequency resource within the 5 GHz band. Furthermore, in the example of FIG. 4, the third link in which AP3 and non-AP3 operate may be defined as a channel / subchannel / frequency resource within the 6 GHz band.

[0091] In the example of FIG. 4, AP1 can initiate a multi-link setup procedure (ML setup procedure) by transmitting an Association Request frame to non-AP STA1. In the example of FIG. 4, non-AP STA1 can transmit an Association Response frame in response to the Association Request frame. Each AP (e.g., AP1 / 2 / 3) illustrated in FIG. 4 may be identical to the AP illustrated in FIG. 1 and / or FIG. 2, and each non-AP (e.g., non-AP1 / 2 / 3) illustrated in FIG. 4 may be identical to the STA (e.g., user-STA or non-AP STA) illustrated in FIG. 1 and / or FIG. 2.

[0092] The specific features of this specification are not limited to the specific features of FIG. 4. That is, the number of links can be defined in various ways, and multiple links can be defined in various ways within at least one band.

[0093] FIG. 5 illustrates a PPDU (physical protocol data unit or physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit) transmitted / received by an STA of this specification.

[0094] The STA (e.g., AP STA, non-AP STA, AP MLD, non-AP MLD) of the present specification can transmit and / or receive the PPDU of FIG. 5. The PPDU described in the present specification may have, for example, the structure of FIG. 5. In addition, the PPDU described in the present specification may be called by various names such as a transmission PPDU, a reception PPDU, a first type PPDU, or an Nth type PPDU, etc. The PPDU described in the present specification can be used in a WLAN system defined according to IEEE 802.11bn and / or a next-generation WLAN system that improves IEEE 802.11bn.

[0095] The PPDU of FIG. 5 may be related to various PPDU types used in a UHR system. For example, the example of FIG. 5 may be used for at least one of a single-user (SU) mode / type / transmission, a multi-user (MU) mode / type / transmission, and a null data packet (NDP) mode / type / transmission related to channel sounding. For example, if the example of FIG. 5 is related to NDP, the Data field illustrated may be omitted. If the PPDU of FIG. 5 is used for a trigger-based (TB) mode, the UHR-SIG of FIG. 5 may be omitted. In other words, an STA that has received a trigger frame for UL-MU (Uplink-MU) communication may transmit a PPDU with the UHR-SIG omitted in the example of FIG. 5.

[0096] In FIG. 5, L-STF or UHR-LTF may be called a preamble or physical preamble, and may be generated / transmitted / received / acquired / decoded in the physical layer (included in the transmitting / receiving STA).

[0097] Each block illustrated in Fig. 5 may be called a field / subfield / signal, etc. The names of these fields / subfields / signals may be, as illustrated in Fig. 5, L-STF (legacy short training field), L-LTF (legacy long training field), L-SIG (legacy signal), RL-SIG (repeated L-SIG), U-SIG (Universal Signal), UHR-SIG (UHR-signal), etc.

[0098] The subcarrier spacing of the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG, and UHR-SIG fields in FIG. 5 may be set to 312.5 kHz, and the subcarrier spacing of the UHR-STF, UHR-LTF, and Data fields may be set to 78.125 kHz. That is, the tone index (or subcarrier index) of the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG, and UHR-SIG fields may be expressed in units of 312.5 kHz, and the tone index (or subcarrier index) of the UHR-STF, UHR-LTF, and Data fields may be expressed in units of 78.125 kHz.

[0099] In the PPDU of Fig. 5, L-LTF and L-STF may be identical to conventional fields (e.g., non-HT LTF and non-HT STF defined in conventional WLAN standards).

[0100] The L-SIG field of FIG. 5 may include, for example, 24 bits of bit information. For example, the 24 bits of information may include a 4 bit Rate field, a 1 bit Reserved bit, a 12 bit Length field, a 1 bit Parity bit, and a 6 bit Tail bit. For example, the 12 bit Length field may include information about the length or time duration of the PPDU. For example, the value of the 12 bit Length field may be determined based on the type of the PPDU. For example, if the PPDU is a non-HT (non-High Throughput), HT (High Throughput), VHT (Very High Throughput) PPDU, or an EHT (extremely high throughput) PPDU or UHR PPDU, the value of the Length field may be determined as a multiple of 3. For example, if the PPDU is a HE PPDU, the value of the Length field may be determined as "a multiple of 3 + 1" or "a multiple of 3 + 2". In other words, for non-HT, HT, VHT PPDU, EHT PPDU, UHR PPDU, the value of the Length field can be determined as a multiple of 3, and for HE (High Efficiency) PPDU, the value of the Length field can be determined as "a multiple of 3 + 1" or "a multiple of 3 + 2". In other words, the Length field in an UHR PPDU is set to a value satisfying the condition that the remainder is zero when LENGTH is divided by 3.

[0101] For example, (non-AP and AP) STAs can apply BCC encoding based on a code rate of 1 / 2 to the 24 bits of information in the L-SIG field. Then, the transmitting STA can obtain 48 BCC coded bits. BPSK modulation can be applied to the 48 coded bits to generate 48 BPSK symbols. The transmitting STA can map the 48 BPSK symbols to positions excluding the pilot subcarriers {subcarrier index -21, -7, +7, +21} and the DC subcarrier {subcarrier index 0}. As a result, the 48 BPSK symbols can be mapped to subcarrier indices -26 to -22, -20 to -8, -6 to -1, +1 to +6, +8 to +20, and +22 to +26. The transmitting STA can additionally map the signal {-1, -1, -1, 1} to the subcarrier indices {-28, -27, +27, +28}. The above signal can be used for channel estimation for the frequency domain corresponding to {-28, -27, +27, +28}.

[0102] For example, (non-AP and AP) STA can generate RL-SIG, which is generated in the same manner as L-SIG. BPSK modulation can be applied to RL-SIG. Receiving (non-AP and AP) STA can determine whether the received PPDU is a HE PPDU, EHT PPDU, or UHR PPDU based on the presence of RL-SIG. In other words, if RL-SIG is present, receiving (non-AP and AP) STA can determine whether the received PPDU is one of HE PPDU, EHT PPDU, or UHR PPDU. In other words, if RL-SIG is not present, receiving (non-AP and AP) STA can determine whether the received PPDU is one of non-HT PPDU, HT PPDU, or VHT PPDU. In other words, the RL-SIG field is a repeat of the L-SIG field and is used to differentiate an UHR PPDU from a non-HT PPDU, HT PPDU, and VHT PPDU.

[0103] After the RL-SIG in Fig. 5, a U-SIG (Universal SIG) may be inserted. The U-SIG may be called by various names such as the first SIG field, the first SIG, the first type SIG, the control signal, the control signal field, the first (type) control signal, the common control field, and the common control signal.

[0104] A U-SIG can contain N bits of information and can include information for identifying the type of EHT PPDU. For example, a U-SIG can be formed based on two symbols (e.g., two consecutive OFDM symbols). Each symbol (e.g., an OFDM symbol) for a U-SIG can have a duration of 4 microseconds. Each symbol of a U-SIG can be used to transmit 26 bits of information. For example, each symbol of a U-SIG can be transmitted and received based on 52 data tones and 4 pilot tones.

[0105] For example, A bit information (e.g., 52 uncoded bits) can be transmitted through U-SIG, and the first symbol of U-SIG can transmit the first X bits of information (e.g., 26 uncoded bits) out of the total A bit information, and the second symbol of U-SIG can transmit the remaining Y bits of information (e.g., 26 uncoded bits) out of the total A bit information. For example, the transmitting STA can obtain 26 uncoded bits included in each U-SIG symbol. The transmitting STA can perform convolutional encoding (e.g., BCC encoding) based on a rate of R=1 / 2 to generate 52 coded bits, and perform interleaving on the 52 coded bits. The transmitting STA can perform BPSK modulation on the interleaved 52 coded bits to generate 52 BPSK symbols allocated to each U-SIG symbol. A single U-SIG symbol can be transmitted based on 56 tones (subcarriers) from subcarrier index -28 to subcarrier index +28, excluding DC index 0. The 52 BPSK symbols generated by the transmitting STA can be transmitted based on the remaining tones (subcarriers) excluding the pilot tones -21, -7, +7, and +21.

[0106] For example, A bit information (e.g., 52 uncoded bits) transmitted by U-SIG may include a CRC field (e.g., a 4-bit long field) and a tail field (e.g., a 6-bit long field). The CRC field and the tail field may be transmitted through the second symbol of the U-SIG. The CRC field may be generated based on 26 bits allocated to the first symbol of the U-SIG and the remaining 16 bits excluding the CRC / tail field within the second symbol, and may be generated based on a conventional CRC calculation algorithm. In addition, the tail field may be used to terminate the trellis of the convolutional decoder and may be set to, for example, "000000".

[0107] The A bit information (e.g., 52 uncoded bits) transmitted by the U-SIG (or U-SIG field) can be divided into version-independent bits and version-dependent bits. For example, the size of the version-independent bits can be fixed or variable. For example, the version-independent bits can be assigned only to the first symbol of the U-SIG, or the version-independent bits can be assigned to both the first symbol and the second symbol of the U-SIG. For example, the version-independent bits and the version-dependent bits can be called by various names, such as the first control bit and the second control bit.

[0108] For example, the version-independent bits of the U-SIG may include a 3-bit PHY version identifier. For example, the 3-bit PHY version identifier may include information related to the PHY version of the transmitted and received PPDU. For example, a first value (e.g., a value of 000) of the 3-bit PHY version identifier may indicate that the transmitted and received PPDU is an EHT PPDU. In addition, a second value (e.g., a value of 001) of the 3-bit PHY version identifier may indicate that the transmitted and received PPDU is an UHR PPDU.

[0109] In other words, when the (AP / non-AP) STA transmits an EHT PPDU, it can set the 3-bit PHY version identifier to the first value. In other words, the receiving (AP / non-AP) STA can determine that the received PPDU is an EHT PPDU based on the PHY version identifier having the first value, and can determine that the received PPDU is an UHR PPDU based on the PHY version identifier having the second value.

[0110] For example, the version-independent bits of U-SIG may include a 1-bit UL / DL flag field. The first value of the 1-bit UL / DL flag field relates to UL communication, and the second value of the UL / DL flag field relates to DL communication.

[0111] For example, the version-independent bits of U-SIG may contain information about the length of the TXOP and information about the BSS color ID.

[0112] For example, if a UHR PPDU is classified into various types (e.g., a type related to SU transmission (performed based on UL or DL), a type related to DL transmission, a type related to NDP transmission, a type related to DL non-MU-MIMO, a type related to DL MU-MIMO, a type related to Multi-AP operation, a type related to CBF (Coordinated beamforming), SR (Spatial Reuse), a type related to C-OFDMA (Coordinated OFDMA), a type related to C-TDMA (Coordinated TDMA)), information about the type of the EHT PPDU (e.g., 2-bit or 3-bit information) can be included in the version-dependent bits of the U-SIG.

[0113] For example, U-SIG may include 1) a bandwidth field including information about bandwidth, 2) a field including information about a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) technique applied to UHR-SIG, 3) an indication field including information about whether a dual subcarrier modulation (DCM) technique is applied to UHR-SIG, 4) a field including information about the number of symbols used for UHR-SIG, 5) a field including information about whether UHR-SIG is generated over the entire band, 6) a field including information about the type of UHR-LTF / STF, and 7) a field indicating the length of UHR-LTF and the CP length.

[0114] Preamble puncturing may be applied to the PPDU of FIG. 5. Preamble puncturing refers to applying puncturing to a portion of the entire bandwidth of the PPDU (e.g., the secondary 20 MHz band). For example, when an 80 MHz PPDU is transmitted, the STA applies puncturing to the secondary 20 MHz band within the 80 MHz band, and can transmit the PPDU only through the primary 20 MHz band and the secondary 40 MHz band.

[0115] For example, the pattern of preamble puncturing can be preset. For example, when the first puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing can be applied only to the secondary 20 MHz band within the 80 MHz band. For example, when the second puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing can be applied only to one of the two secondary 20 MHz bands included in the secondary 40 MHz band within the 80 MHz band. For example, when the third puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing can be applied only to the secondary 20 MHz band included in the primary 80 MHz band within the 160 MHz band (or 80+80 MHz band). For example, when the fourth puncturing pattern is applied, a primary 40 MHz band included in the primary 80 MHz band within the 160 MHz band (or 80+80 MHz band) may be present, and puncturing may be applied to at least one 20 MHz channel that does not belong to the primary 40 MHz band.

[0116] Information regarding preamble puncturing applied to the PPDU may be included in the U-SIG and / or UHR-SIG. For example, the first field of the U-SIG may include information regarding the contiguous bandwidth of the PPDU, and the second field of the U-SIG may include information regarding preamble puncturing applied to the PPDU.

[0117] For example, U-SIG and UHR-SIG may include information regarding preamble puncturing based on the following method. If the bandwidth of the PPDU exceeds 80 MHz, the U-SIGs may be individually configured in units of 80 MHz. For example, if the bandwidth of the PPDU is 160 MHz, the PPDU may include a first U-SIG for the first 80 MHz band and a second U-SIG for the second 80 MHz band. In this case, the first field of the first U-SIG may include information regarding the 160 MHz bandwidth, and the second field of the first U-SIG may include information regarding preamble puncturing applied to the first 80 MHz band (e.g., information regarding a preamble puncturing pattern). Additionally, the first field of the second U-SIG may include information regarding a 160 MHz bandwidth, and the second field of the second U-SIG may include information regarding preamble puncturing applied to the second 80 MHz band (e.g., information regarding a preamble puncturing pattern). Meanwhile, the UHR-SIG consecutive to the first U-SIG may include information regarding preamble puncturing applied to the second 80 MHz band (e.g., information regarding a preamble puncturing pattern), and the UHR-SIG consecutive to the second U-SIG may include information regarding preamble puncturing applied to the first 80 MHz band (e.g., information regarding a preamble puncturing pattern).

[0118] Additionally or alternatively, U-SIG and UHR-SIG may include information regarding preamble puncturing based on the following methods. U-SIG may include information regarding preamble puncturing for all bands (e.g., information regarding preamble puncturing patterns). That is, UHR-SIG may not include information regarding preamble puncturing, and only U-SIG may include information regarding preamble puncturing (e.g., information regarding preamble puncturing patterns).

[0119] U-SIGs can be configured in 20 MHz units. For example, if an 80 MHz PPDU is configured, U-SIGs can be duplicated. That is, four identical U-SIGs can be included within an 80 MHz PPDU. PPDUs exceeding the 80 MHz bandwidth can contain different U-SIGs.

[0120] The UHR-SIG of FIG. 5 may include control information for a receiving STA. The UHR-SIG may be transmitted via at least one symbol, and each symbol may have a length of 4 us. Information regarding the number of symbols used for the UHR-SIG may be included in the U-SIG.

[0121] UHR-SIG provides additional signals to the U-SIG field to enable STAs to interpret / decode UHR PPDUs. The UHR-SIG field may contain U-SIG overflow bits that are common to all users. The UHR-SIG field also contains resource allocation information, allowing STAs to look up resources used in fields containing data fields / UHR-STF / UHR-LTF (e.g., UHR modulated fields of an UHR PPDU).

[0122] The frequency resources of the UHR-LTF, UHR-STF, and data fields illustrated in FIG. 5 can be determined based on RUs (resource units) defined by multiple subcarriers / tones. That is, the UHR-LTF, UHR-STF, and data fields of this specification can be transmitted / received through RUs (resource units) defined by multiple subcarriers / tones.

[0123] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the layout of resource units (RUs) used for a 20 MHz PPDU. That is, the UHR-LTF, UHR-STF, and / or data fields included in the 20 MHz PPDU can be transmitted / received through at least one of the various RUs defined in FIG. 6.

[0124] As shown at the top of Fig. 6, 26 units (e.g., units corresponding to 26 tones) may be arranged. Six tones may be used as a guard band in the leftmost band of the 20 MHz band, and five tones may be used as a guard band in the rightmost band of the 20 MHz band. In addition, seven DC tones may be inserted in the center band, i.e., the DC band, and 26 units corresponding to 13 tones may exist on each side of the DC band. In addition, 26 units, 52 units, and 106 units may be allocated to other bands. Each unit may be allocated for a receiving station, i.e., a user.

[0125] Meanwhile, the RU arrangement of FIG. 6 is utilized not only in a situation for multiple users (MUs) but also in a situation for a single user (SU), in which case it is possible to use one 242-unit as shown at the bottom of FIG. 4, in which case three DC tones can be inserted.

[0126] In the example of Fig. 6, RUs of various sizes, such as 26-RU, 52-RU, 106-RU, and 242-RU, are proposed. Since the specific sizes of these RUs can be expanded or increased, the present embodiment is not limited to the specific sizes of each RU (e.g., the number of corresponding tones). In this specification, N-RU may be represented as N-tone RU, etc. For example, 26-RU may be represented as 26-tone RU.

[0127] Figure 7 is a diagram showing the layout of resource units (RUs) used for 40MHz PPDU.

[0128] As in the example of Fig. 6 where RUs of various sizes were used, the example of Fig. 7 can also use 26-RU, 52-RU, 106-RU, 242-RU, 484-RU, etc. In addition, 5 DC tones can be inserted at the center frequency, 12 tones can be used as a guard band in the leftmost band of the 40 MHz band, and 11 tones can be used as a guard band in the rightmost band of the 40 MHz band.

[0129] Additionally, as illustrated, 484 RUs may be used when used for a single user. Meanwhile, the specific number of RUs may be changed, as in the example of FIG. 6.

[0130] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating the layout of resource units (RUs) used for an 80MHz PPDU. The layout of resource units (RUs) used in this specification may vary. For example, the layout of resource units (RUs) used in the 80MHz band may vary.

[0131] Figure 9 illustrates an operation according to UL-MU. As illustrated, a transmitting STA (e.g., AP) can acquire a TXOP (925) by performing channel access through contending (e.g., backoff operation) and transmit a trigger frame (930). That is, the transmitting STA (e.g., AP) can transmit a PPDU including a trigger frame (930). When a PPDU including a trigger frame is received, a TB (trigger-based) PPDU is transmitted after a delay of SIFS.

[0132] TB PPDUs (941, 942) are transmitted at the same time and can be transmitted from multiple STAs (e.g., User STAs) whose AIDs are indicated in the Trigger frame (930). The ACK frame (950) for the TB PPDU can be implemented in various forms. For example, the ACK frame (950) for the TB PPDU can be implemented in the form of a BA (block ACK).

[0133] In FIG. 9, transmission(s) of a Trigger Frame (930), TB PPDU (941, 942) and / or ACK frame (950) can be performed within a TXOP (925).

[0134] Figure 10 shows an example of channels used / supported / defined within the 2.4 GHz band.

[0135] The 2.4 GHz band may be referred to by other names, such as the first band (band). Furthermore, the 2.4 GHz band may refer to a frequency range in which channels with a center frequency adjacent to 2.4 GHz (e.g., channels with a center frequency between 2.4 and 2.5 GHz) are used / supported / defined.

[0136] The 2.4 GHz band may include multiple 20 MHz channels. The 20 MHz within the 2.4 GHz band may have multiple channel indices (e.g., indices 1 through 14). For example, the center frequency of a 20 MHz channel assigned channel index 1 may be 2.412 GHz, the center frequency of a 20 MHz channel assigned channel index 2 may be 2.417 GHz, and the center frequency of a 20 MHz channel assigned channel index N may be (2.407 + 0.005*N) GHz. The channel indices may be referred to by various names, such as channel numbers. The specific numerical values ​​of the channel indices and center frequencies may change.

[0137] Figure 10 exemplarily illustrates four channels within the 2.4 GHz band. The illustrated first frequency region (1010) to fourth frequency region (1040) may each include one channel. For example, the first frequency region (1010) may include channel 1 (a 20 MHz channel having an index of 1). In this case, the center frequency of channel 1 may be set to 2412 MHz. The second frequency region (1020) may include channel 6. In this case, the center frequency of channel 6 may be set to 2437 MHz. The third frequency region (1030) may include channel 11. In this case, the center frequency of channel 11 may be set to 2462 MHz. The fourth frequency region (1040) may include channel 14. In this case, the center frequency of channel 14 may be set to 2484 MHz.

[0138] Figure 11 illustrates an example of channels used / supported / defined within the 5 GHz band.

[0139] The 5 GHz band may be referred to by other names, such as a second band / band, etc. The 5 GHz band may refer to a frequency range in which channels with center frequencies greater than or equal to 5 GHz and less than 6 GHz (or less than 5.9 GHz) are used / supported / defined. Alternatively, the 5 GHz band may include multiple channels between 4.5 GHz and 5.5 GHz. The specific figures shown in FIG. 11 are subject to change.

[0140] Multiple channels within the 5 GHz band include Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (UNII)-1, UNII-2, UNII-3, and ISM. UNII-1 may be referred to as UNII Low. UNII-2 may include frequency ranges called UNII Mid and UNII-2Extended. UNII-3 may be referred to as UNII-Upper.

[0141] Within the 5 GHz band, multiple channels can be configured, and the bandwidth of each channel can be variously configured, such as 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, or 160 MHz. For example, the 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency domain / range within UNII-1 and UNII-2 can be divided into eight 20 MHz channels. The 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency domain / range can be divided into four channels through a 40 MHz frequency domain. The 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency domain / range can be divided into two channels through an 80 MHz frequency domain. Alternatively, the 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency domain / range can be divided into one channel through a 160 MHz frequency domain.

[0142] Figure 12 illustrates an example of channels used / supported / defined within the 6 GHz band.

[0143] The 6 GHz band may also be referred to by other names, such as the third band / band. The 6 GHz band may refer to the frequency range in which channels with center frequencies above 5.9 GHz are used, supported, or defined. The specific figures shown in Figure 12 are subject to change.

[0144] For example, the 20 MHz channel of FIG. 12 can be defined from 5.940 GHz. Specifically, the leftmost channel among the 20 MHz channels of FIG. 12 can have an index of 1 (or channel index, channel number, etc.), and a center frequency of 5.945 GHz can be assigned. That is, the center frequency of the indexed channel N can be determined as (5.940 + 0.005*N) GHz.

[0145] Accordingly, the indexes (or channel numbers) of the 20 MHz channels of FIG. 12 are 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, 29, 33, 37, 41, 45, 49, 53, 57, 61, 65, 69, 73, 77, 81, 85, 89, 93, 97, 101, 105, 109, 113, 117, 121, 125, 129, 133, 137, 141, 145, 149, 153, 157, 161, 165, 169, 173, 177, 181, 185, 189, 193, It can be 197, 201, 205, 209, 213, 217, 221, 225, 229, 233. Also, according to the (5.940 + 0.005*N) GHz rule mentioned above, the indices of the 40 MHz channels in Fig. 12 can be 3, 11, 19, 27, 35, 43, 51, 59, 67, 75, 83, 91, 99, 107, 115, 123, 131, 139, 147, 155, 163, 171, 179, 187, 195, 203, 211, 219, 227.

[0146] Below, the structure and types / subtypes of MAC frames are described.

[0147] Fig. 13 illustrates an example of a header of a MAC frame. As illustrated, the MAC frame may include a frame control field / information of 2 octets in length, a duration field / information of 2 octets in length, a RA (Receiver Address) field / information of 6 octets in length, and a TA (Transmitter Address) field / information of 6 octets in length. As illustrated in Fig. 13, the four fields may be consecutive to each other. The MAC header of Fig. 13 may be modified in various ways, and a new field may be inserted between the four illustrated fields, or at least one of the illustrated fields may be omitted.

[0148] The MAC header illustrated in Fig. 13 may be positioned at the very front of a MAC frame. That is, the MAC frame may include a MAC header as illustrated in Fig. 13 and MAC body fields / information subsequent to the MAC header. The MAC frame including the MAC header of Fig. 13 is inserted / included in the data field of the PPDU (e.g., UHR PPDU) illustrated in Fig. 5.

[0149] The MAC frames included in the data field of the PPDU of this specification can be classified into various types. For example, the MAC frames of this specification can be classified into control frames, management frames, and data frames.

[0150] For example, the management frame includes Association Request, Association Response, Reassociation Request, Reassociation Response, Probe Request, Probe Response, Beacon, Disassociation, Authentication, and Deauthentication frames / signals defined in conventional WLAN. For the management frame, the values ​​of the type fields (B3 and B2) in FIG. 13 are set to 00. In addition, the values ​​of the subtype fields (B7, B6, B5, B4) in FIG. 13 are as follows: Association Request (0000), Association Response (0001), Reassociation Request (0010), Reassociation Response (0011), Probe Request (0100), Probe Response (0101), Beacon (1000), Disassociation (1010), Authentication (1011), Deauthentication (1100).

[0151] For example, the control frame includes Trigger Beamforming Report Poll, NDP Announcement (NDPA), Control Frame Extension, Control Wrapper, Block Ack Request (BlockAckReq), Block Ack (BlockAck), PS-Poll, RTS, CTS, Ack, and CF-End frames / signals defined in conventional WLAN. For the control frame, the value of the type field (B3 and B2) in FIG. 13 is set to 01. Also, the values ​​of the subtype fields (B7, B6, B5, B4) of FIG. 13 are as follows: Trigger (0010), Beamforming Report Poll (0100), NDP Announcement (0101), Control Frame Extension (0110), Control Wrapper (0111), BlockAckReq (1000), BlockAck (1001), PS-Poll (1010), RTS (1011), CTS (1100), Ack (1101), CF-End (1110).

[0152] For example, the data frame includes (QoS) Data, (QoS) Null, etc. defined in conventional WLAN. For the management frame, the value of the type field (B3 and B2) of Fig. 13 is set to 10.

[0153] The MAC frame / signal used in this specification can be identified through the type field / information and subtype field / information described above. For example, the “trigger frame” in this specification can mean a MAC frame in which the type bits B3 and B2 bits in the frame control field of the MAC header are set to 01, and the subtype bits B7, B6, B5, B4 bits in the frame control field are also set to 0010. Various MAC frames described in this specification are inserted / included in the data fields of various PPDUs (e.g., HE / VHT / HE / EHT / UHR PPDUs).

[0154] FIG. 14 illustrates a modified example of a transmitting device and / or a receiving device of the present specification.

[0155] The devices (e.g., AP STA, non-AP STA) illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 4 may be modified as illustrated in FIG. 14. The transceiver (630) of FIG. 14 may be identical to the transceivers (113, 123) of FIG. 1. The transceiver (630) of FIG. 14 may include a receiver and a transmitter.

[0156] The processor (610) of FIG. 14 may be identical to the processor (111, 121) of FIG. 1. Alternatively, the processor (610) of FIG. 14 may be identical to the processing chip (114, 124) of FIG. 1.

[0157] The memory (150) of FIG. 14 may be the same as the memory (112, 122) of FIG. 1. Alternatively, the memory (150) of FIG. 14 may be a separate external memory different from the memory (112, 122) of FIG. 1.

[0158] Referring to FIG. 14, a power management module (611) manages power to a processor (610) and / or a transceiver (630). A battery (612) supplies power to the power management module (611). A display (613) outputs results processed by the processor (610). A keypad (614) receives input to be used by the processor (610). The keypad (614) may be displayed on the display (613). A SIM card (615) may be an integrated circuit used to securely store an international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) and an associated key used to identify and authenticate a subscriber in a mobile phone device, such as a mobile phone or computer.

[0159] Referring to FIG. 14, the speaker (640) can output sound-related results processed by the processor (610). The microphone (641) can receive sound-related input to be used by the processor (610).

[0160] The wireless LAN system (e.g., IEEE 802.11bn or UHR system) related to this specification aims to support ultra-high reliability in signal transmission to STAs. To this end, various technologies are being considered for high throughput, low latency, and extended range support. Based on these various technologies, a method for extending the range of signal transmission may be possible to expand not only reliability within the BSS but also signal transmission coverage of the BSS. The following technical features are related to proposing a new structure (or type) of frame (or PPDU / preamble) for extended range (ER) communication in a wireless LAN system.

[0161] A device (e.g., non-AP STA, AP, non-AP MLD, AP, MLD) based on the present specification may support a new ELR (extended long range or enhanced long range) PPDU designed to overcome link budget imbalances between uplink and downlink and improve spectral efficiency of STAs operating far from the AP. The term ELR may be replaced with terms such as LR (long range) or ER (extended range). Accordingly, terms such as ER transmission or LR transmission may be expressed as ELR transmission. For example, in the examples below, an LR PPDU may also be referred to as an ER PPDU or an ELR PPDU. For example, an ELR PPDU has a fixed bandwidth of 20 MHz and can be used for both downlink and uplink in 2.4 GHz band operation, but can be used only for uplink in 5 GHz and 6 GHz band operation. In other words, an ELR PPDU may consist of only 20 MHz and may not have bandwidths such as 40 / 80 / 160 / 320 MHz.

[0162] As described above, in a wireless LAN system (e.g., IEEE 802.11bn or UHR system), LR / ER / ELR communication can be considered to ensure smooth signal transmission and reception for STAs located within the coverage boundary of the AP and to overcome the transmission range difference caused by the transmission power difference between the AP and the STA. For example, the difference in transmission power between the AP and non-AP STAs can be about 10 dB. For example, the link budget for the received signal between the AP and non-AP STAs due to this TX power difference can be about 6 dB. For example, long-range transmission to provide a gain of 6 dB, which is the link budget difference, can be performed using the following method.

[0163] Technical Features 1.

[0164] Below, technical features applicable to LR / ER / ELR communications are described. In other words, below, technical features applicable to communications in PPDUs related to LR / ER / ELR (e.g., LR / ER / ELR PPDUs) are described.

[0165] Technical Features 1.1.

[0166] For example, for LR / ER / ELR communication, the transmission bandwidth (BW) may be limited or fixed to 20 MHz.

[0167] Technical Features 1.2.

[0168] For example, for LR / ER / ELR communication, the number of spatial streams applied to the relevant signal (e.g., LR / ER / ELR PPDU) may be fixed to 1. The number of spatial streams may be expressed as an Nss value. Accordingly, transmission schemes that utilize multiple spatial streams, such as beamforming, may not be used when transmitting LR / ER / ELR.

[0169] Technical Features 1.3.

[0170] For example, for LR / ER / ELR communication, only BPSK technique can be applied to the relevant data fields (e.g., data fields included in LR / ER / ELR PPDU). This is to ensure reliable and robust data transmission. Additionally, alternatively, for LR / ER / ELR communication, MCS0 index can be applied to the relevant data fields (e.g., data fields included in LR / ER / ELR PPDU). For example, MCS0 index can indicate an example where coding rate of 1 / 2 is applied together with BPSK modulation.

[0171] Technical Features 1.4.

[0172] For example, to provide a link margin of 6 dB, a signal is transmitted using a data rate of about 1 / 4 of the 20 MHz transmission using MCS0, for example, a data rate of at least 1.5 Mbps. In other words, as described below, RUs (resource units) related to data fields related to LR / ER / ELR communication (e.g., data fields included in LR / ER / ELR PPDU) can be duplicated four times in the frequency domain.

[0173] Technical Features 1.5.

[0174] For example, to provide a link margin of 6 dB, data (e.g., various fields including the data field of the LR / ER / ELR PPDU) may be repeated in the frequency domain in units of at least one of a 106-tone RU or a 52-tone RU during LR / ER / ELR transmission. In this way, the following technical features may be applied to lower the PAPR during LR / ER / ELR transmission using a 106-tone RU or a 52-tone RU.

[0175] Technical Features 2.

[0176] Below, the technical features of transmitting and receiving the LR / ER / ELR data fields (and the ELR-SIG field described below) based on the 52-tone RU are described. For example, the technical features applied to the data fields below can also be applied to the ELR-SIG field described below.

[0177] For example, in LR / ER / ELR transmission, the data field (e.g., the data field of the LR / ER / ELR PPDU) can be duplicated / repeated four times within a single 52-tone RU within 20 MHz. In other words, the data field of the LR / ER / ELR PPDU can be transmitted (or received) in units of 52-tone RUs, duplicated or repeated four times in the frequency domain. In other words, the data field of the LR / ER / ELR PPDU can be transmitted (or received) on a 52-tone RU within 20 MHz, and the 52-tone RU can be duplicated / repeated across four 52-tone RUs within 20 MHz (and / or in the frequency domain).

[0178] Fig. 15 is a diagram showing an example of a 52-tone RU that is replicated / repeated four times in the frequency domain. As illustrated, four 52-tone RUs (1510, 1520, 1530, 1540) can be configured. For example, in order to configure a data field for LR / ER / ELR transmission and reception, data bits (e.g., 24 bits) can be loaded onto 52-tone RU1 (1510) based on an MCS0 index (e.g., coding based on BPSK modulation and a code rate of 1 / 2). For example, a modulated symbol mapped to 52-tone RU1 (1510) can be identically mapped to 52-tone RU2 (1520), 52-tone RU3 (1530), and 52-tone RU4 (1540).

[0179] In other words, the data field of the LR / ER / ELR PPDU can be transmitted (or received) in the frequency domain by being duplicated or repeated four times in units of 52-tone RUs, based on the example of FIG. 15. In other words, the data field of the LR / ER / ELR PPDU can be transmitted (or received) in units of 52-tone RUs within 20 MHz, based on the example of FIG. 15. In this case, the 52-tone RU can be duplicated / repeated across four 52-tone RUs in 20 MHz (and / or in the frequency domain), based on the example of FIG. 15.

[0180] Technical Features 3.

[0181] When applying the example of FIG. 15 or technical feature 2, it is preferable that tone mapping or phase rotation be additionally applied. Hereinafter, tone mapping (or phase rotation) for LR / ER / ELR transmission (e.g., transmission of the data field of LR / ER / ELR PPDU) based on four 52-tone RUs (1510, 1520, 1530, 1540) is described. For example, the technical feature applied to the data field below can also be applied to the ELR-SIG field described later.

[0182] As in the example of Fig. 15, when the same signal is repeatedly transmitted across four 52-tone RUs, a technical issue of increased PAPR may arise in connection with LR / ER / ELR transmission. To address this, different phase rotations (or tone mappings) may be applied to each 52-tone RU used for ELR transmission.

[0183] For example, a phase rotation sequence for lowering PAPR used in ELR transmission using a 52-tone RU can be expressed with 4 bits. Each bit constituting the phase rotation sequence can be applied to each 52-tone RU. For example, each element constituting the phase rotation sequence can be composed of two values ​​(e.g., +1 and -1), in which case the phase rotation sequence can be expressed as being composed of 4 bits. For example, an example of the phase rotation sequence can be expressed as Table 1 below.

[0184] indexsequence1-1-1-1-12-1-1-113-1-11-14-1-1115-11-1-16-11-117-111- 18-111191-1-1-1101-1-11111-11-1121-1111311-1-11411-1115111-1161111

[0185] For example, one of the multiple phase rotation sequences shown in Table 1 can be applied to the example of FIG. 15 or the present specification. That is, among the multiple sequences represented by indices 1 to 16, a sequence having a minimum PAPR for four replicated 52-tone RUs can be selected.

[0186] Figure 16 is a diagram showing PAPR performance related to a phase rotation sequence expressed in 4 bits.

[0187] For example, based on PAPR performance, a phase rotation sequence of index 8 or index 15 can be applied to the example of FIG. 15 or the present specification. For example, when a 52-tone RU is replicated / repeated 4 times, the phase rotation sequence having the minimum PAPR can be the sequence of index 8 or index 15. In other words, a sequence of {-1, 1, 1, 1} or a sequence of {1, 1, 1, -1} can be applied.

[0188] For example, when applying the above 4-bit sequence and transmitting, the PAPR at 50% tile can have a value of 8.861 dB. According to another example, one of the sequences with sequence indices 2, 3, 5, 9, 12, and 14 having similar PAPR performance can be used as the phase rotation sequence.

[0189] For example, by applying the coefficient of a 4-bit phase sequence as in Table 1 to 52-tone RU units, the PAPR of the TX device can be lowered when transmitting a signal repeatedly using four 52-tone RUs, thereby producing a technical effect of reducing TX power consumption when transmitting a signal.

[0190] Technical Features 4.

[0191] The above technical characteristics can be modified in various ways. For example, the elements of the phase rotation sequence can be composed of (1, i) or (1, -i), and an example of a phase rotation sequence having four elements (or having a length of 4) can be as shown in Table 2 below. In the following, element “i” means an imaginary number and can also be expressed as “j.”

[0192] Below, tone mapping (or phase rotation) for LR / ER / ELR transmission (e.g., transmission of the data field of a LR / ER / ELR PPDU) based on four 52-tone RUs (1510, 1520, 1530, 1540) is described. For example, the technical features applied to the data field below can also be applied to the ELR-SIG field described below.

[0193] For example, the sequence composition according to each sequence order may be as shown in Table 2.

[0194] indexsequence11.0000i1.0000i1.0000i1.0000i21.0000i1.0000i1.0000i131.0000i 1.0000i11.0000i41.0000i1.0000i1151.0000i11.0000i1.0000i61.0000i11.0000i17 1.0000i111.0000i81.0000i111911.0000i1.0000i1.0000i1011.0000i1.0000i11111. 0000i11.0000i1211.0000i1113111.0000i1.0000i14111.0000i1151111.0000i161111

[0195] For example, if Table 2 consists of 1 and -i, it can be configured by changing 1i shown in the table above to -1i.

[0196] Fig. 17 is a diagram showing PAPR performance related to the phase rotation sequence of Table 2. For example, Fig. 17 shows PAPR performance according to each sequence index when performing ELR transmission using a 52-tone RU by applying the phase rotation sequence shown in Table 2.

[0197] For example, based on the PAPR simulation results, if the phase rotation sequence is composed of 1 and i, a sequence with index 10 (e.g., a sequence of {1, 1i, 1i, 1}) having the minimum PAPR can be selected. When the phase rotation sequence is applied, the PAPR can be 8.971 dB. According to another example, a phase rotation sequence can be composed based on an index 7, or in other words, a sequence of {1i, 1, 1, 1i}, in which case the value of PAPR at a 50% tile can be 9.4 dB.

[0198] For example, the coefficient of a phase sequence having four elements as above can be applied in units of 52-tone RUs. This can lower the PAPR of the TX device when transmitting a signal repeatedly using four 52-tone RUs, thereby achieving the technical effect of reducing TX power consumption during signal transmission.

[0199] Based on another example, the PAPR can be measured for 52-tone-RU repeated transmissions when the phase rotation sequence consists of {1, -i}.

[0200] Fig. 18 is a diagram showing the measured PAPR based on a repeated or duplicated 52-tone RU. Based on the PAPR results as in Fig. 18, if the phase rotation sequence is composed of 1 and -i, the sequence index with the minimum PAPR may be index 10. In other words, {1, -1i, -1i, 1} may be applied and used for ELR transmission. When the phase rotation sequence is applied, the PAPR at 50% tile may be 8.975 dB.

[0201] As another example, sequence index 7 can be utilized. For example, the sequence {-1i, 1, 1, -1i} can be used. When this sequence is used in ELR transmission using 52-tone RU, the PAPR value at 50% tile can be 9.053 dB.

[0202] As described above, the coefficient of the phase sequence composed of four elements can be applied in units of 52-tone RUs. This can lower the PAPR of the TX device when transmitting a signal repeatedly using four 52-tone RUs, thereby achieving the technical effect of reducing TX power consumption during signal transmission.

[0203] Based on another example, when transmitting ELR using 52-tone RU, the phase rotation sequence can be composed of a combination of {1, -1, i, -i}, and the sequence can be composed as shown in Table 3.

[0204] indexsequence11-11i-1i21-1-1i1i311i-1-1i411i-1i-151-1i-11i61-1i1i-17-111i-1i8-11-1i1i9-11i1-1i10-11i-1i111-1-1i11i12-1-1i1 i1131i1-1-1i141i-11-1i151i1-1i-1161i-1-1i1171i-1i1-1181i-1i-1 119-1i1-11i20-1i-111i21-1i11i-122-1i-11i123-1i1i1-124-1i1i-11

[0205] The index in Table 3 can represent the order of phase rotation sequences consisting of {1, -1, i, -i}. The sequence composition according to each sequence order can be as shown in Table 3.

[0206] Fig. 19 shows PAPR for the phase rotation sequences shown in Table 3. For example, Fig. 19 shows PAPR values ​​obtained by applying the phase rotation sequences of Table 3 to each 52-tone RU. In the PAPR simulation results as shown in Fig. 19, the phase rotation sequence with the smallest PAPR can be used for ELR transmission using the 52-tone RU. For example, based on Table 3, the phase rotation sequence corresponding to any one of sequence indices 10, 6, 12, 4, 14, 19, 20, and 13 can be applied.

[0207] For example, when transmitting ELR using 52-tone RU, if each element of the phase rotation sequence is configured based on {1, -1, i, -i}, the sequence corresponding to index 10 or index 6 can be applied. For example, {-1, 1i, -1i, 1}, which is the sequence of sequence index 10, or {1, -1i, 1i, -1}, which is the sequence of sequence index 6, can be applied to the example of Fig. 16.

[0208] In the above example, when sequence index 10 is used, the PAPR is 8.999 dB, and when index 6 is used, the PAPR can have a value of 9.016 at the 50% tile. According to another example, the sequence {-1, -1i, 1i, 1} with sequence index 12 can be used, and in this case, the PAPR can have a value of 9.033 dB at the 50% tile.

[0209] As described above, the coefficient of the phase sequence consisting of four elements can be applied in 52-tone RU units. This can lower the PAPR of the TX device when transmitting a signal repeatedly using four 52-tone RUs, thereby achieving the technical effect of reducing TX power consumption during signal transmission.

[0210] Technical Features 5.

[0211] The phase rotation sequence or phase sequence described above can be modified in various ways. Below, tone mapping (or phase rotation) for LR / ER / ELR transmission (e.g., transmission of the data field of LR / ER / ELR PPDU) based on four 52-tone RUs (1510, 1520, 1530, 1540) is described. For example, the technical features applied to the data field below can also be applied to the ELR-SIG field described below.

[0212] Hereinafter, the coefficients applied to lower the PAPR when transmitting a signal by repeating 52-tone RUs can be configured / defined in units of 26 carriers or 26-tone RUs. When defining the coefficients (in other words, each element of the phase rotation sequence) for the example of FIG. 15 replicated in units of 52-tone RUs, the most intuitive method is to define the coefficients in units of 52-tone RUs. However, defining the coefficients in units more detailed than 52-tone RUs may have a technical effect of achieving a higher PAPR.

[0213] In the following example, the coefficient applied to the data field (e.g., the data field of LR / ER / ELR PPDU) can be applied in units of 26-tone RU or 26 carriers within 20 MHz. Accordingly, the phase rotation sequence or phase sequence described below can be expressed as a sequence having a length of 8. In other words, the phase rotation sequence or phase sequence described below can be expressed as a sequence having 8 elements.

[0214] In the examples below, each of the eight elements (or each of the eight coefficients) can be selected from {1, -1}, or from {1, 1i} or {1, -1i}.

[0215] In this specification, PAPR was investigated for all sequence combinations of {1, -1}, {1, 1i}, and {1, -1i} through Monte Carlo simulation. Based on these PAPR simulations, it is desirable to select a coefficient combination with a low PAPR.

[0216] Technical Features 6.

[0217] Below, a phase rotation sequence or phase sequence of length 8 is proposed, and the coefficient for the sequence can be defined based on the combination of {1, -1}. In other words, the phase rotation sequence proposed below can have 8 elements (or 8 coefficients). For example, each of the 8 elements can have the value 1 or -1.

[0218] For example, a sequence with low PAPR for a coefficient sequence (or phase rotation sequence) of length 8 can be proposed according to the following technique. For example, a sequence following technical feature 6 can be expressed with an index (or sequence index, order, sequence order) of 1 to 256. In this case, the coefficient sequence (or phase rotation sequence) can be generated by changing the value of sequence order-1 to a length 8 binary sequence and replacing 0 with -1. For example, the sequence generation Matlab formula is expressed as follows:

[0219] [Formula 1]

[0220] dec2bin(sequence_order-1, 8) - '0').*2-1

[0221] Figure 20 shows the average PAPR according to various sequences proposed in this specification.

[0222] In the results of the above figure 20, the order (or index) of the coefficient sequence with the lowest average PAPR value is 93, and the average PAPR and sequence can be as follows.

[0223] Sequence 93 = {-1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, -1}, mean PAPR = 7.8083 dB

[0224] As another example, the coefficient sequence applied to 26-tone RU or 26 carriers in ELR transmission can be defined as one of the sequences found in the above experimental results, and the sequence and mean PAPR according to each sequence order are as follows.

[0225] Sequence 7 = {-1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, mean PAPR =7.8778dB

[0226] Sequence 10 = {1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, mean PAPR =7.9853dB

[0227] Sequence 19 = {-1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1}, mean PAPR =7.9711dB

[0228] Sequence 30 = {1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1}, mean PAPR =7.9706dB

[0229] Sequence 34 = {1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1}, mean PAPR =7.9571dB

[0230] Sequence 47 = {, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1}, mean PAPR = 7.9461 dB

[0231] Sequence 54 = {1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1}, mean PAPR =7.9345dB

[0232] Sequence 59 = {-1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1}, mean PAPR =7.8324dB

[0233] Sequence 72 = {1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1}, mean PAPR =7.9639dB

[0234] Sequence 73 = {-1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1}, mean PAPR =7.9814dB

[0235] Sequence 84 = {1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1}, mean PAPR =7.9687dB

[0236] Sequence 97 = {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1}, mean PAPR =7.9431dB

[0237] Sequence 133 = {-1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1}, mean PAPR =7.9476dB

[0238] Sequence 140 = {1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1}, mean PAPR =7.9696dB

[0239] Sequence 145 = {-1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1}, mean PAPR =7.8849dB

[0240] Sequence 160 = {1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1}, mean PAPR =7.9054dB

[0241] Sequence 164 = {1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1}, mean PAPR =7.8972dB

[0242] Sequence 173 = {-1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1}, mean PAPR =7.9431dB

[0243] Sequence 184 = {1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1}, mean PAPR =7.9714dB

[0244] Sequence 185 = {-1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1}, mean PAPR =7.9731dB

[0245] Sequence 198 = {1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1}, mean PAPR =7.9251dB

[0246] Sequence 203 = {-1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1}, mean PAPR =7.8998dB

[0247] Sequence 210 = {1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1}, mean PAPR =7.9679dB

[0248] Sequence 223 = {-1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1}, mean PAPR =7.9309dB

[0249] Sequence 227 = {-1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1}, mean PAPR =7.9915dB

[0250] Sequence 238 = {1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1}, mean PAPR =7.9201dB

[0251] Sequence 247 = {-1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1}, mean PAPR =7.8418dB

[0252] Sequence 250 = {1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1}, mean PAPR =7.9547dB

[0253] In the above coefficient sequence example, the order of MSB (Most Significant Bit) and LSB (Least Significant Bit) is reversed and described, and for the convenience of explanation, the order of the proposed sequence is reversed as follows. That is, each sequence shown below is simply the sequence described above shown in the opposite order, and the upper sequence and the lower sequence mean the same sequence in the frequency domain. Considering that the mean PAPR value corresponding to the sequence introduced above is the same as the mean PAPR value of the sequence introduced below, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the upper sequence and the lower sequence mean the same sequence in the frequency domain. In other words, the coefficient for lowering the PAPR for ELR transmission that repeatedly transmits 52 tone RUs can be expressed by reversing the bit order as follows.

[0254] Sequence 93 = {-1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1}, mean PAPR =7.8083 dB

[0255] Sequence 7 = {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1}, mean PAPR =7.8778dB

[0256] Sequence 10 = {-1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1}, mean PAPR =7.9853dB

[0257] Sequence 19 = {-1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1}, mean PAPR =7.9711dB

[0258] Sequence 30 = {-1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1}, mean PAPR =7.9706dB

[0259] Sequence 34 = {-1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1}, mean PAPR =7.9571dB

[0260] Sequence 47 = {-1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1}, mean PAPR = 7.9461 dB

[0261] Sequence 54 = {-1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1}, mean PAPR =7.9345dB

[0262] Sequence 59 = {-1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, -1}, mean PAPR =7.8324dB

[0263] Sequence 72 = {-1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1}, mean PAPR =7.9639dB

[0264] Sequence 73 = {-1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1}, mean PAPR =7.9814dB

[0265] Sequence 84 = {-1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1}, mean PAPR =7.9687dB

[0266] Sequence 97 = {-1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, mean PAPR =7.9431dB

[0267] Sequence 133 = {1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1}, mean PAPR =7.9476dB

[0268] Sequence 140 = {1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1}, mean PAPR =7.9696dB

[0269] Sequence 145 = {1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, mean PAPR =7.8849dB

[0270] Sequence 160 = {1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1}, mean PAPR =7.9054dB

[0271] Sequence 164 = {1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1}, mean PAPR =7.8972dB

[0272] Sequence 173 = {1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1}, mean PAPR =7.9431dB

[0273] Sequence 184 = {1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1}, mean PAPR =7.9714dB

[0274] Sequence 185 = {1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1}, mean PAPR =7.9731dB

[0275] Sequence 198 = {1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1}, mean PAPR =7.9251dB

[0276] Sequence 203 = {1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1}, mean PAPR =7.8998dB

[0277] Sequence 210 = {1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1}, mean PAPR =7.9679dB

[0278] Sequence 223 = {1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1}, mean PAPR =7.9309dB

[0279] Sequence 227 = {1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1}, mean PAPR =7.9915dB

[0280] Sequence 238 = {1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1}, mean PAPR =7.9201dB

[0281] Sequence 247 = {1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1}, mean PAPR =7.8418dB

[0282] Sequence 250 = {1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1}, mean PAPR =7.9547dB

[0283] The above example is a simulation result for a data field modulated based on BPSK. For example, LR / ER / ELR PPDU can use only BPSK modulation, or only two modulation techniques, BPSK and QPSK. For example, if both BPSK and QPSK are considered, the PAPR simulation can be expressed as follows. Specifically, among the sequences obtained through Equation 1 above, the sequence order constituting the coefficient with low PAPR and the sequence according to the sequence can be expressed as follows.

[0284] Sequence 10={-1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1}, Mean / median PAPR: BPSK = 7.8557 / 7.6740, QPSK = 8.2072 / 8.1342

[0285] Sequence 59={-1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, -1}, Mean / median PAPR: BPSK = 7.8479 / 7.6529, QPSK = 8.2091 / 8.1342

[0286] Sequence 93={-1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1}, Mean / median PAPR: BPSK = 7.8530 / 7.6733, QPSK = 8.2061 / 8.1342

[0287] Sequence 112={-1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1}, Mean / median PAPR: BPSK = 7.8575 / 7.6741, QPSK = 8.2102 / 8.1342

[0288] Sequence 145={1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, Mean / median PAPR: BPSK = 7.8446 / 7.6691, QPSK =8.2017 / 8.1341

[0289] Sequence 164={1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1}, Mean / median PAPR: BPSK = 7.8627 / 7.6760, QPSK = 8.2021 / 8.1263

[0290] Sequence 198={1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1}, Mean / median PAPR: BPSK = 7.8623 / 7.6791, QPSK = 8.1994 / 8.1307

[0291] Sequence 247={1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1}, Mean / median PAPR: BPSK = 7.8504 / 7.6686, QPSK = 8.2039 / 8.1342

[0292] Figure 21 is a diagram showing PAPR results of some of the sequences proposed in this specification. An example in Figure 21 is an example based on BPSK modulation.

[0293] Figure 22 is another diagram showing PAPR results of some of the sequences proposed in this specification. An example in Figure 22 is an example based on BPSK modulation.

[0294] As can be seen from the PAPR simulation results, the proposed coefficients significantly reduce PAPR when transmitting signals through 52-carrier repetitions at ELR compared to when the coefficients are not applied. Furthermore, the proposed coefficients also significantly reduce PAPR compared to conventional 20 MHz transmission or 242-tone RU transmission.

[0295] Technical Features 7.

[0296] In the previously described technical feature 6, a length-8 sequence consisting of 26-tone or 26-carrier units was proposed. Below, a sequence of sequence 16 is additionally proposed. Each element / coefficient of the sequence below can be set to one of {1, -1}. For example, a coefficient applied to 13-carrier units can be formed using the following formula based on the sequence order.

[0297] [Formula 2]

[0298] coefficient = dec2bin(sequence_order-1, 8) - '0').*2-1

[0299] In the above equation 2, the sequence order can be defined from 1 to 2^16. The sequence order and PAPR of the length-16 coefficient based on 13 carriers, as explained in the example below, are as follows. Among the various sequences, 32 sequences that are technically meaningful to discuss are explained based on order or index as follows.

[0300] Sequence order =

[0301] [196, 4045, 4563, 7902, 8930, 11759, 13297, 15616, 17544, 19337, 21911, 23194, 26278, 27051, 30645, 30908, 34629, 34892, 38486, 39259, 42343, 43626, 46200, 47993, 49921, 52240, 53778, 56607, 57635, 60974, 61492, 65341]

[0302] The coefficient sequence according to the above sequence order (or sequence index) can be expressed as follows.

[0303] Sequence(196) = {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1},

[0304] Sequence(4045)={-1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1},

[0305] Sequence(4563)={-1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1},

[0306] Sequence(7902)={-1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1},

[0307] Sequence(8930)={-1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1},

[0308] Sequence(11759)={-1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1},

[0309] Sequence(13297)={-1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1},

[0310] Sequence(15616)={-1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1},

[0311] Sequence(17544)={-1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1},

[0312] Sequence(19337)={-1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1},

[0313] Sequence(21911)={-1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1},

[0314] Sequence(23194)={-1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1},

[0315] Sequence(26278)={-1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1},

[0316] Sequence(27051)={-1, 1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1},

[0317] Sequence(30645)={-1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1},

[0318] Sequence(30908)={-1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1},

[0319] Sequence(34629)={1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1},

[0320] Sequence(34892)={1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1},

[0321] Sequence(38486)={1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1},

[0322] Sequence(39259)={1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, -1},

[0323] Sequence(42343)={1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1},

[0324] Sequence(43626)={1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1},

[0325] Sequence(46200)={1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1},

[0326] Sequence(47993)={1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1},

[0327] Sequence(49921)={1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},

[0328] Sequence(52240)={1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1},

[0329] Sequence(53778)={1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1},

[0330] Sequence(56607)={1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1},

[0331] Sequence(57635)={1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1},

[0332] Sequence(60974)={1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1},

[0333] Sequence(61492)={1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1},

[0334] Sequence(65341)={1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1},

[0335] The mean PAPR by sequence order can be expressed as follows.

[0336] [7.8569, 7.8555, 7.8641, 7.8453, 7.8314, 7.8320, 7.8574, 7.8623, 7.8429, 7.8484, 7.8684, 7.8578, 7.8293, 7.8397, 7.8668, 7.8546, 7.8517, 7.8505, 7.8620, 7.8562, 7.8673, 7.8558, 7.8324, 7.8759, 7.8573, 7.8342, 7.8868, 7.8519, 7.8589, 7.8685, 7.8382, 7.8597]

[0337] Fig. 23 is a diagram showing the results of PAPR for a sequence constructed based on 13-tone / subcarrier. The results of Fig. 23 show that the PAPR performance is improved compared to the prior art to which phase rotation is not applied. However, the PAPR performance of the sequence constructed based on 13-tone / subcarrier is improved only to a limited extent compared to the sequence constructed based on 26-tone / subcarrier (e.g., the 8-length sequence (or 8-element sequence) described in Technical Feature 6). Considering that the PAPR improvement effect is limited compared to the very high implementation complexity due to the 16-length sequence constructed based on 13-tone / subcarrier units, an 8-length sequence (or 8-element sequence) constructed based on 26-tone / subcarrier units may be a more preferable example.

[0338] Technical Features 8.

[0339] In the above example, the case where the data field (or ELR-SIG field) of an LR / ER / ELR PPDU is transmitted via four RUs replicated in the frequency domain in units of 52-tone RUs is discussed. Below, an example involving two RUs replicated in the frequency domain in units of 106-tone RUs is proposed.

[0340] For example, data for LR / ER / ELR transmission can be transmitted using 106 tone RU. For example, 106 tone RU can be transmitted repeatedly within 20MHz. That is, the modulated symbol carried on 106-tone RU1 can be carried identically on 106-tone RU2. At this time, data is repeatedly mapped within 106 tone RU1, and the data carrier to which the data is mapped can be defined as follows.

[0341] For example, if the index of the data carrier carrying the signal in a 106-tone RU is k, the index of the data carrier carrying the repeated signal is defined as q(k), and can be defined as q(k) = k + 106 / 2. At this time, the length of k is 106 / 2 (=51) and can start from the starting tone index of the 106-tone RU index.

[0342] For example, to reduce PAPR due to repeated transmission of the same data, the data carrier carrying the repeated data can be configured by applying phase rotation to each data carrier index as follows.

[0343] For example, a data carrier with phase rotation applied can be defined as follows.

[0344] [Formula 3]

[0345] d_q(k) = (-1)^(q(k))*d_k

[0346] For example, by applying phase rotation to each carrier carrying repeated data within a 106 tone RU as described above, the PAPR can be prevented from increasing.

[0347] Additionally or alternatively, when phase rotation is applied to a tone within a 106-tone RU, a different phase rotation may not be applied to a 106-tone RU2 in which the data is repeated.

[0348] Additionally or alternatively, phase rotation may be applied in units of 106 tone RUs to prevent PAPR from increasing because information about 106 tone RU1 is repeatedly transmitted through 106 tone RU2, and different values ​​may be applied depending on whether phase rotation is applied to the data carrier unit of the 106 tone RU.

[0349] For example, the phase rotation value when per carrier rotation is not applied can be as follows.

[0350] When the per-carrier rotation defined above is not applied, the phase rotation values ​​for two 106-tone RUs can be composed of a paired sequence combination of (1, -1) or (1, 1i) or (1, -1i). For example, the sequences for phase rotation for each case can be as shown in Table 4.

[0351] index(1,-1)index(1,1i)index(1,-1i)1-1-151i1i91i1i2-1161i1101i131-1711i1111i4118111211

[0352] Figure 24 shows the PAPR results of the sequences related to Table 4.

[0353] For example, if per-carrier rotation is not considered, the sequence with the best PAPR is case 3 (1, -1) in the above results, and in this case, the PAPR can have a value of 9.587 dB at the 50% tile. As another example, cases 4, 8, and 12 (1, 1) have the same PAPR value and have 9.595 dB at the 50% tile, which is very little different from the best value. Therefore, phase rotation for 106 tone RU can be omitted during ELR transmission.

[0354] For example, if per carrier rotation is applied, the phase rotation value can be:

[0355] For example, in order to further lower the PAPR, per carrier rotation can be considered when repeating data within a 106 tone RU, and in this case, the PAPR result for the phase rotation sequence for the 106 tone RU can be as shown in Fig. 25.

[0356] Figure 25 shows another result of the sequence related to Table 4.

[0357] From the above results, it can be confirmed that cases 14, 13, and 15 show low PAPR when per-carrier rotation is applied during data repetition in 106 tone RU and when phase rotation is applied to 106 tone RU. At this time, the best PAPR is when case 14 (-1, 1) is applied, and in this case, the PAPR at 50% tile can have 7.743 dB. As a different example from the above, either case 13 (-1, -1) or case 15 (1, -1), which have a PAPR similar to case 14, can be used, and when (-1, -1) and (1, -1) are used, the PAPR at 50% tile can have 7.75 dB and 7.755 dB, respectively. As shown in the above results, when performing ELR using 106 tone RU, the best PAPR can be obtained by applying different phase rotations to each 106 tone RU along with applying per carrier rotation within the 106 tone RU.

[0358] Fig. 26 shows an example of an ELR PPDU of the present specification. As illustrated, the LR / ER / ELR PPDU (or PPDU used for LR / ER / ELR communication) may include L-STF (2605), L-LTF (2610), L-SIG (2615), RL-SIG (2620), U-SIG (2625), ELR-MARK (2630), UHR-STF (2635), UHR-LTF (2640), ELR-SIG (2645), and Data (2650). For example, some fields of Fig. 26 may be omitted. For example, the order of some fields of Fig. 26 may be changed differently. Each field disclosed in Fig. 26 may be called by various names such as signal / bit.

[0359] As described in the technical feature 1.2 above, the value of the number of spatial streams (e.g., Nss) for an ELR PPDU may be limited to 1. Additionally or alternatively, for example, an ER / ELR PPDU may have a fixed bandwidth of 20 MHz and may be used for both downlink and uplink in 2.4 GHz band operation, but only for uplink in 5 GHz and 6 GHz band operation. In other words, an ELR PPDU may consist of only 20 MHz and may not have bandwidths such as 40 / 80 / 160 / 320 MHz.

[0360] For example, the L-SIG (2615) and / or RL-SIG (2620) may be identical to the L-SIG and RL-SIG described in FIG. 5. For example, the technical features of the L-SIG and RL-SIG described with respect to FIG. 5 may be equally applied to the L-SIG (2615) and / or RL-SIG (2620).

[0361] For example, the ELR-MARK (2630) of FIG. 26 may be composed of two OFDM symbols. The ELR-MARK (2630) may include information about an identifier (e.g., BSS_COLOR) indicating the BSS color to which the STA transmitting the corresponding PPDU belongs.

[0362] For example, an example of the present specification may relate to an improvement for at least one field among U-SIG (2625), ELR-SIG (2645), and / or Data (2650) of FIG. 26. Accordingly, the same operation / PPDU as the 52-tone RU index defined in IEEE 802.11ax / 11be of the present specification may be expressed based on at least one of the above three fields / signals (2625, 2645, 2650). Accordingly, further description of the remaining fields / signals other than the above three fields / signals (2625, 2645, 2650) may be omitted below.

[0363] For example, the U-SIG (2625) may have the following characteristics. For example, the U-SIG (2625) of the present specification may be configured with signals / fields for ER / ELR PPDUs. For example, a PPDU other than an ER / ELR PPDU (e.g., a UHR MU PPDU or a UHR TB PPDU) may also contain a U-SIG, but the contents of the U-SIG (2625) of the present specification may contain different contents.

[0364] For example, the U-SIG (2625) of the present specification has a length of 2 symbols, and each symbol can be represented as U-SIG-1 and U-SIG-2. For example, the B0 bit to the B2 bit of the U-SIG-1 can have various names such as the first information described above or the PHY Version Identifier, and can include a value (e.g., a value of 1) that identifies that the PHY version of the PPDU is UHR. For example, the positions of the B0 bit to the B2 bit can be changed.

[0365] Additionally or alternatively, bits B3 to B5 of U-SIG-1 may have various names such as the second information or BW information, and may include information regarding the bandwidth of the ER / ELR PPDU. For example, bits B3 to B5 of U-SIG-1 may only have a value of 0. This is because the bandwidth of the ER / ELR PPDU is preferably fixed to 20 MHz. For example, the positions of bits B3 to B5 may be changed.

[0366] Additionally or alternatively, the B6 bit of the U-SIG-1 may contain information regarding whether the PPDU is transmitted in the UL or DL. For example, the position of the B6 bit may be changed.

[0367] Additionally or alternatively, bits B7 to B12 of U-SIG-1 may indicate the ID of a Basic Service Set (BSS). For example, bits B7 to B12 may include ID information (or BSS color information) of a BSS to which an STA transmitting / receiving the corresponding PPDU belongs. For example, the positions of bits B7 to B12 may be changed.

[0368] Additionally or alternatively, bits B13 to B19 of U-SIG-1 may contain information related to the duration of a transmission opportunity (TXOP). For example, the positions of bits B13 to B19 may be changed.

[0369] Additionally or alternatively, bits B20 through B24 of U-SIG-1 may all be set to 1, and the bits may be referred to as disregard. For example, the positions of bits B20 through B24 may be changed.

[0370] Additionally or alternatively, the B25 bit of U-SIG-1 may be set to 1, and the bit may be called Validate. For example, the position of the B25 bit may be changed.

[0371] Additionally or alternatively, the B0 bit or B1 bit of U-SIG-2 may have various names such as the third information or PPDU Type And Compression Mode. The B0 bit or B1 bit may always have a value of 3 regardless of whether the related PPDU is a DL PPDU or an UL PPDU, thereby indicating / identifying that the corresponding PPDU is an ER / ELR PPDU. For example, the positions of the B0 bit or B1 bit may be changed.

[0372] Additionally or alternatively, bits B2 to B12 of U-SIG-2 may be configured as an STA ID. For example, bits B2 to B12 may be configured as a portion of 11 bits (e.g., 11 bits of the LSB or 11 bits of the MSB) of the Association ID (AID) of the STA transmitting the corresponding PPDU. For example, the positions of bits B2 to B12 may be changed.

[0373] Additionally or alternatively, bits B13 to B15 of U-SIG-2 may be configured as ER / ELR validate. These three bits may be used to identify ER / ELR PPDUs, and these three bits may all be set to 1 (i.e., these three bits have a value of 7). For example, the positions of bits B13 to B15 may be changed.

[0374] Additionally or alternatively, bits B16 to B19 of the U-SIG-2 may be configured as a CRC.

[0375] Additionally or alternatively, bits B20 through B25 of U-SIG-2 may be configured as a tail, such that all bits are zero.

[0376] For example, the ELR-SIG (2645) may have the following characteristics. For example, the ELR-SIG (2645) of the present specification may have two parts. Each part may be represented as ELR-SIG-1 and ELR-SIG-2. For example, the B0 bit of the ELR-SIG-1 may include the first ER / ELR-SIG information described above or the ELR Version Identifier. For example, the B0 bit of the ELR-SIG-1 may have information for identifying the ELR version, and the ELR Version Identifier included in the ER / ELR PPDU having the technical characteristics described in the present specification may have a value of 0. For example, the position of the B0 bit may be changed.

[0377] Additionally or alternatively, the B1 bit of the ELR-SIG-1 may include a UL / DL field. For example, the bit may include information regarding whether the ER / ELR PPDU is transmitted in UL / DL. For example, the position of the B1 bit may be changed.

[0378] Additionally or alternatively, the B2 bit of the ELR-SIG-1 may include an MCS field. For example, the bit may include information related to MCS information applied to the data field of the ER / ELR PPDU. For example, when the bit is set to a first value (e.g., 0), the bit may indicate that BPSK with a coding rate of 1 / 2 is applied to the data field of the ER / ELR PPDU. For example, when the bit is set to a second value (e.g., 1), the bit may indicate that QPSK with a coding rate of 1 / 2 is applied to the data field of the ER / ELR PPDU. For example, the position of the B2 may be changed.

[0379] Additionally or alternatively, the B3 bit of the ELR-SIG-1 may include a coding (type) field. For example, the bit may include information related to coding (type) information applied to a data field of an ER / ELR PPDU. For example, when the bit is set to a first value (e.g., 0), the bit may indicate that a BCC technique is applied to the data field of the ER / ELR PPDU. For example, when the bit is set to a second value (e.g., 1), the bit may indicate that an LDPC technique (e.g., an LDPC with a word length of 648, 1296, or 1944) is applied to the data field of the ER / ELR PPDU.

[0380] Additionally or alternatively, bits B4 to B12 of the ELR-SIG-1 may include a length field. For example, the length field may have a length of 9 bits, and the specific bit positions may be changed. For example, the field may include information regarding the number of symbols in the data field included in the ER / ELR PPDU.

[0381] Additionally or alternatively, the B13 bit of the ELR-SIG-1 may contain information regarding the presence of an LDPC extra (OFDM) symbol. For example, the information may include information regarding whether additional OFDM symbols are required for LDPC encoding of the PPDU.

[0382] Additionally or alternatively, bits B14 to B17 of ELR-SIG-1 may contain CRC bits, and bits B18 to B23 of ELR-SIG-1 may contain tail bits and have a value of 0.

[0383] Additionally or alternatively, bits B0 to B10 of the ELR-SIG-2 may contain information regarding the STA-ID. For example, these bits may be composed of 11 bits (e.g., 11 bits of the LSB or 11 bits of the MSB) of the AID of the STA transmitting the ER / ELR PPDU. For example, the positions of these bits may be changed.

[0384] Additionally or alternatively, bits B1 through B13 of the ELR-SIG-2 may contain a disregard field / information. Each bit of the 3-bit field / information may be set to 1.

[0385] Additionally or alternatively, bits B14 to B17 of ELR-SIG-2 may contain CRC bits, and bits B18 to B23 of ELR-SIG-1 may contain tail bits and have a value of 0.

[0386] For example, the Data (2650) field may be referred to by various names such as ER / ELR-Data, Payload, etc. The Data (2650) field and ELR-SIG (2645) of this specification may be transmitted via four replicated 52-tone RUs as described below.

[0387] For example, each of ELR-SIG-1 and ELR-SIG-2 included in ELR-SIG (2645) may include information with a length of 24 bits (e.g., uncoded bits with a length of 24 bits). BCC encoding by a code rate of 1 / 2 may be applied to the 24-bit information (e.g., uncoded bits with a length of 24 bits) to generate coded bits with a length of 48 bits. BPSK modulation may be applied to the coded bits to generate 48 BPSK symbols corresponding to each of ELR-SIG-1 and ELR-SIG-2. Four pilots are added to the 48 BPSK symbols to generate data corresponding to a total of 52 subcarriers / tones, and the data is included in a 52-tone RU. These 52-tone RUs can be transmitted via a 52-tone RU replicated / repeated four times in the frequency domain (or via four replicated 52-tone RUs) according to the method described herein.

[0388] For example, information included in Data (2650) may be mapped to a 52-tone RU based on BPSK or QPSK modulation. The 52-tone RU may be transmitted via a 52-tone RU that is replicated / repeated four times in the frequency domain (or via four replicated 52-tone RUs) based on at least one of the features of Technical Feature 2, Technical Feature 6, FIG. 15, and / or FIG. 27 described below.

[0389] An example of configuring four replicated 52-tone RUs is described below. The example of Fig. 27 described below is a more specific example of the example of Fig. 15 described above.

[0390] Figure 27 is a diagram showing four 52-tone RUs included in an ELR PPDU.

[0391] As illustrated, at least one of the ELR-SIG (2645) and / or Data (2650) fields of an ER / ELR-PPDU can be transmitted and received via four 52-tone RUs (2710, 2720, 2730, 2740). The illustrated 52-tone RUs (2710, 2720, 2730, 2740) can be included in a 20 MHz ER / ELR PPDU.

[0392] For example, based on the technique described above, encoding of at least one of the ELR-SIG (2645) and / or Data (2650) may be performed for a 52-tone RU (2710). The 52-tone RU (2710) may be duplicated into three 52-tone RUs (2720, 2730, 2740) within a 20 MHz PPDU. In other words, the ELR-SIG and data fields may be transmitted over a 52-tone RU with four times duplication in the frequency domain across four 52-tone RUs in 20 MHz.

[0393] Additionally or alternatively, phase rotation may be performed on the four 52-tone RUs (2710, 2720, 2730, 2740).

[0394] Additionally or alternatively, a phase rotation of “-1” may be applied to the lower half of the third 52-tone RU (2730). Additionally or alternatively, a phase rotation of “-1” may be applied to the lower half of the data subcarriers of the third 52-tone RU (2730). For example, the lower half of the 52-tone RU (2730) may mean 26 subcarriers having lower indices among the 52 subcarriers of the 52-tone RU (2730) (e.g., data tones having a subcarrier index range of [43: 68]).

[0395] Additionally or alternatively, a phase rotation of “-1” may be applied to the upper half of the fourth 52-tone RU (2740). Additionally or alternatively, a phase rotation of “-1” may be applied to the data subcarriers of the upper half of the fourth 52-tone RU (2730). For example, the upper half of the 52-tone RU (2740) may mean 26 subcarriers having high indices among the 52 subcarriers of the 52-tone RU (2740) (e.g., data tones having a subcarrier index range of [96: 121]).

[0396] As above, the phase rotation of “-1” applied to the lower half of the third 52-tone RU (2730) and the upper half of the fourth 52-tone RU (2740) may have the same meaning as that Sequence 247 (={1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1}) is selected as the phase rotation sequence in the above-described technical feature 6. In other words, a rotation sequence constructed based on Sequence 247 described in the above-described technical feature 6 may be applied to four replicated 52-tone RUs (2710, 2720, 2730, 2740), and as a result, the phase rotation of “-1” may be applied to the lower half of the third 52-tone RU (2730) and the upper half of the fourth 52-tone RU (2740).

[0397] For example, in the example of FIG. 27, the first 52-tone RU (2710) may be located on the index range of [-121: -70]. For example, among the index range of [-121: -70], a 4-tone pilot sequence may be inserted into the indices {-116, -102, -90, -76}, and a data subcarrier may be placed on the remaining 48 tones. The 48-tone data subcarrier may include information for the ELR-SIG (2645) and / or Data (2650) fields.

[0398] For example, in the example of FIG. 27, the second 52-tone RU (2720) may be located on the index range of [-68: -17]. For example, among the index range of [-68: -17], a 4-tone pilot sequence may be inserted into the indices {-62, -48, -36, -22}, and a data subcarrier may be placed on the remaining 48 tones. The 48-tone data subcarrier may include information for the ELR-SIG (2645) and / or Data (2650) fields.

[0399] For example, in the example of FIG. 27, the third 52-tone RU (2730) may be located on the index range of [17: 68]. For example, among the index range of [17: 68], a pilot sequence of 4 tones may be inserted into the indices {22, 36, 48, 62}, and a data subcarrier may be placed on the remaining 48 tones. The data subcarrier of the 48 tones may include information for the ELR-SIG (2645) and / or Data (2650) fields. For example, on the third 52-tone RU (2730), the index range of [17: 42] corresponds to the lower half, and thus a phase rotation of “-1” may be applied. More specifically, a phase rotation of “-1” can be applied to the remaining 24 tones in the [17:42] index range, excluding the pilot index {22, 36}.

[0400] For example, in the example of FIG. 27, the fourth 52-tone RU (2740) may be located on the index range of [70: 121]. For example, among the index range of [70: 121], a 4-tone pilot sequence may be inserted into the {76, 90, 102, 116} indices, and a data subcarrier may be placed on the remaining 48 tones. The 48-tone data subcarrier may include information for the ELR-SIG (2645) and / or Data (2650) fields. For example, on the fourth 52-tone RU (2740), the index range of [96: 121] corresponds to the upper half, and thus a phase rotation of “-1” may be applied. More specifically, a phase rotation of “-1” can be applied to the remaining 24 tones in the index range of [96: 121], excluding the pilot index {102, 116}.

[0401] As illustrated in FIG. 27, the first 52-tone RU (2710) to the fourth 52-tone RU (2740) are sequentially positioned on the frequency domain, and a length-8 sequence composed of units of 26 tones / subcarriers can be applied to these four 52-tone RUs (2710, 2720, 2730, 2740). For example, this length-8 sequence can be expressed as a sequence having 8 elements. For example, the elements of the length-8 sequence can be expressed as {1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1}, as illustrated in FIG. 27. As a result, the {1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1} sequence of FIG. 27 may be identical to Sequence 247 (={1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1}) described in Technical Feature 6.

[0402] As above, the {1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1} sequence or Sequence 247 applied to four replicated 52-tone RUs can be related to various technical features. For example, this specification proposes a long range transmission technique that provides a gain of 6 dB through 52-tone RUs replicated four times on a frequency band for 20 MHz communication. However, in order to address the PAPR that may increase through four replications, a length-8 sequence (or a sequence having 8 elements) composed of 26-tone RU units instead of 52-tone RU units is proposed. When performing phase rotation based on a sequence composed of 52-tone RU units, a technical problem occurs in that the PAPR cannot be sufficiently reduced. In contrast, when a length-8 sequence composed of 26-tone RU units instead of 52-tone RU units is used, as can be confirmed in Technical Feature 6 described above, a performance improvement effect of more than 1 dB is confirmed based on PAPR performance. Of course, it is also possible to compose a sequence with 13-tone RU units instead of 26-tone RU units (e.g., compose a length-16 sequence), but as confirmed in Technical Feature 7 or FIG. 23, the increase in PAPR performance even when a sequence is composed of 13-tone RU units is not large. Considering both the performance difference in PAPR and the complexity required to implement a wireless LAN transmitter, a sequence based on 26-tone RU is preferable. In addition, in one example of the present specification, each element / coefficient of a length-8 sequence composed of 26-tone RU units may be limited to {-1, +1}. Since the difference in PAPR performance that can be obtained through various combinations of each element / coefficient is limited, it is desirable to limit the value of each element / coefficient to {-1, +1} considering the complexity of actual implementation.When the same components are arranged in a sufficiently long sequence (e.g., four consecutive +1 components), such as Sequence 247 (={1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1}) described in Technical Feature 6, a technical effect of reducing the complexity required to implement a wireless LAN transmitter can be achieved.

[0403] For example, the above-mentioned index, or index range, may have a subcarrier subspacing of 78.125 kHz applied. That is, a difference of one index (or frequency index, subcarrier index, or tone index) may mean a difference of 78.125 kHz in the frequency domain.

[0404] Figure 28 is an example of a procedure flowchart related to this specification. The procedure illustrated in Figure 28 may be performed by a non-AP STA, a non-AP MLD, an AP (Access Point), or an AP MLD (AP Multi-link Device).

[0405] As illustrated in step S2810, an STA (e.g., non-AP or AP) may generate (or configure, construct) a LR / ER / ELR PPDU. For example, the LR / ER / ELR PPDU of step S2810 may be the LR / ER / ELR PPDU illustrated in FIG. 26.

[0406] For example, the PPDU related to step S2810 may include a U-SIG (Universal Signal) field. For example, the U-SIG field may have a length of two symbols. For example, the second symbol of the two symbols may include a first field related to PPDU Type and Compression Mode for identifying that the PPDU is an ELR PPDU, and the first field may have a value of three (3). For example, the second symbol of the two symbols may include a validate field for identifying that the PPDU is an ELR PPDU, the length of the validate field may be 3 bits, and the validate field may have a value of seven (7).

[0407] For example, the U-SIG field may further include various bits (e.g., various information / fields defined in U-SIG-1 or U-SIG-2).

[0408] For example, the ELR PPDU related to step S2810 may further include an ER-SIG (or ELR-SIG) field. For example, the ER-SIG field may include information on an MCS (modulation and coding scheme) index applied to the data field. For example, the MCS applied to the data field may be related to either BPSK (Binary Phase-Shift Keying) or QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying). For example, the ER-SIG field may further include second information on a coding type applied to the data field, and the second information may have a length of 1 bit. For example, the ER-SIG field may further include third information on whether an additional OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing) symbol is required for LDPC (Low-Density Parity-Check) coding of the PPDU, and the third information may have a length of 1 bit. For example, the ER-SIG may include at least one bit / field related to ELR-SIG-1. Additionally or alternatively, the ER-SIG may include at least one bit / field related to ELR-SIG-2.

[0409] For example, the ELR PPDU may further include a data field. For example, the data field (and / or the ER / ELR-SIG field) may be transmitted via a plurality of 52-tone resource units (RUs) that are duplicated in the frequency domain. In other words, the data field (and / or the ER / ELR-SIG field) may be transmitted via a plurality of 52-tone RUs (e.g., four 52-tone RUs) that are duplicated in the frequency domain in units of 52-tone resource units.

[0410] . For example, the data field and / or the ER / ELR-SIG field may be transmitted and received based on an RU (e.g., a duplicated / repeated 52-tone RU) having a structure such as that of FIG. 15 and / or FIG. 27. For example, the data field and / or the ER / ELR-SIG field may be transmitted based on four 52-tone RUs that are duplicated in the frequency domain (e.g., in units of 52-tone RUs). In this case, the four 52-tone RUs may be sequentially positioned on the frequency domain, from the first 52-tone RU to the fourth 52-tone RU, and a phase rotation of minus one (-1) may be applied to a tone in the lower half of the third 52-tone RU, and a phase rotation of minus one (-1) may be applied to a tone in the upper half of the fourth 52-tone RU. In this case, a phase rotation of one (1) may be applied to the first 52-tone RU and the second 52-tone RU, a phase rotation of one (1) may be applied to a tone in the upper half of the third 52-tone RU, and a phase rotation of one (1) may be applied to a tone in the lower half of the fourth 52-tone RU.

[0411] As illustrated in S2820 of FIG. 28, an STA (e.g., non-AP or AP) may transmit a PPDU. For example, the PPDU may be transmitted via a single spatial stream. For example, the RU through which the PPDU is transmitted may be based on a 52-tone RU that is duplicated / repeated as described above.

[0412] Figure 29 is an example of a procedure flowchart related to this specification. The procedure illustrated in Figure 29 may be performed by a non-AP STA, a non-AP MLD, an AP (Access Point), or an AP MLD (AP Multi-link Device).

[0413] As illustrated in step S2910, an STA (e.g., non-AP or AP) can receive (LR / ER / ELR) PPDUs. For example, the LR / ER / ELR PPDU of step S2910 may be identical to the (LR / ER / ELR) PPDU of step S2810. Accordingly, technical features applicable to step S2810 may also be applied to step S2910. Accordingly, any redundant description of step S2910 is omitted.

[0414] As illustrated in S2920, an STA (e.g., non-AP or AP) can decode a (LR / ER / ELR) PPDU. For example, the STA can decode the data field of the PPDU based on information in the U-SIG field and / or information in the ELR-SIG field included in the PPDU.

[0415] The technical features of the present disclosure may be implemented by various devices. The devices of the present disclosure may be the devices described in FIG. 1 / FIG. 14. The devices of the present disclosure may include at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connectable to the at least one processor, the computer memory storing instructions for performing operations based on execution by the at least one processor.

[0416] For example, the processor may be a processor described in FIG. 1 and / or FIG. 14. That is, as described above, the processor of the present specification may include at least one of a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), and a modem (modulator and demodulator). The processor may include not only computers having various architectures such as single / multiprocessor architecture, sequential (Von Neumann) / parallel architecture, but also specialized circuits such as FPGAs, ASICs, signal processing devices, and other devices. For example, the processor of the present specification may be a SNAPDRAGON® series processor manufactured by Qualcomm®, an EXYNOS® series processor manufactured by Samsung®, an A series processor manufactured by Apple®, a HELIO® series processor manufactured by MediaTek®, an ATOM® series processor manufactured by INTEL®, or a processor that enhances the same.

[0417] For example, the instructions may refer to computer program instructions executed by the at least one processor. The (computer program) instructions provide logic and / or routines that enable the technical features of the present specification to be performed by the processor. The at least one processor can load and execute a computer program by reading the at least one memory.

[0418] The computer program(s) defined by the above instructions may be delivered to the device (e.g., STA) of the present specification via an appropriate delivery mechanism. The delivery mechanism may be, for example, a computer-readable storage medium, a computer program product, a memory device, a recording medium such as a CD-ROM or DVD, or a product tangibly embodying the computer program. The delivery mechanism may be a signal configured to reliably transmit the computer program via a wireless or electrical connection.

[0419] The above (computer program) instructions may include software or firmware for a programmable processor (e.g., programmable content of a hardware device whether instructions for a processor, or configuration settings for a fixed-function device, gate array or programmable logic device, etc.).

[0420] For example, the memory may be the memory described in FIG. 1 and / or FIG. 14. That is, as described above, the memory of the present specification may store control information related to the operation of the STA of the present specification or information about signals transmitted and received by the STA (e.g., PPDU including management / control / data frames).

[0421] The technical features of this specification may be implemented in at least one computer-readable recording medium (CRM). The CRM includes instructions that are executed by at least one processor as described above. The instructions stored in the CRM may be computer program instructions as described above.

[0422] The device of the present disclosure may further include a transceiver. The transceiver may be operably connectable to the memory / processor, etc. The transceiver may be the transceiver illustrated in FIG. 1 and / or FIG. 14.

[0423] The technical features of this specification described above are applicable to various applications and business models. For example, the technical features described above can be applied to wireless communication in devices that support artificial intelligence (AI).

[0424] Artificial intelligence (AI) is the study of artificial intelligence or the methodologies for creating it, while machine learning (ML) defines various problems in the field of AI and studies the methodologies for solving them. Machine learning is also defined as an algorithm that improves performance on a task through consistent experience.

[0425] An artificial neural network (ANN) is a model used in machine learning. It can refer to a model with problem-solving capabilities, consisting of artificial neurons (nodes) formed by the connection of synapses to form a network. An ANN can be defined by the connection patterns between neurons in different layers, the learning process that updates model parameters, and the activation function that generates output values.

[0426] An artificial neural network may include an input layer, an output layer, and optionally one or more hidden layers. Each layer contains one or more neurons, and the artificial neural network may include synapses connecting neurons. In an artificial neural network, each neuron can output a function value of an activation function based on input signals, weights, and biases received through the synapses.

[0427] Model parameters are parameters determined through learning, including synaptic connection weights and neuron biases. Hyperparameters are parameters that must be set before learning in machine learning algorithms, including the learning rate, number of iterations, mini-batch size, and initialization function.

[0428] The goal of artificial neural network training can be seen as determining model parameters that minimize a loss function. The loss function can be used as an indicator for determining optimal model parameters during the artificial neural network training process.

[0429] Machine learning can be classified into supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning depending on the learning method.

[0430] Supervised learning refers to a method for training an artificial neural network when given labels for the training data. The labels can refer to the correct answer (or output value) that the artificial neural network must infer when the training data is input to the artificial neural network. Unsupervised learning can refer to a method for training an artificial neural network when the training data is not given labels. Reinforcement learning can refer to a learning method in which an agent defined within a given environment is trained to select actions or action sequences that maximize the cumulative reward in each state.

[0431] Machine learning implemented with a deep neural network (DNN) containing multiple hidden layers among artificial neural networks is also called deep learning, and deep learning is a subset of machine learning. Hereinafter, the term "machine learning" is used to encompass deep learning.

[0432] Additionally, the above-described technical features can be applied to wireless communication of robots.

[0433] A robot can be defined as a machine that automatically performs or operates a given task based on its own capabilities. Specifically, a robot capable of perceiving its environment, making independent judgments, and performing actions can be called an intelligent robot.

[0434] Robots can be categorized into industrial, medical, household, and military applications based on their intended use or field. Robots are equipped with actuators or motors, enabling them to perform various physical actions, such as moving robot joints. Furthermore, mobile robots incorporate wheels, brakes, and propellers into their actuators, enabling them to move on the ground or fly in the air.

[0435] Additionally, the above-described technical features can be applied to devices that support extended reality.

[0436] Extended reality is a general term for virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR). VR technology presents real-world objects and backgrounds as CG images only, AR technology presents virtual CG images over images of real objects, and MR technology is a computer graphics technology that blends and combines virtual objects with the real world.

[0437] MR technology is similar to AR in that it presents both real and virtual objects simultaneously. However, while AR uses virtual objects to complement real objects, MR uses virtual and real objects on an equal footing.

[0438] XR technology can be applied to HMD (Head-Mount Display), HUD (Head-Up Display), mobile phones, tablet PCs, laptops, desktops, TVs, digital signage, etc., and devices to which XR technology is applied can be called XR devices.

Claims

1. Create a PPDU (physical protocol data unit) containing data fields, The bandwidth of the above PPDU is 20 MHz, The above data field is transmitted through four 52-tone RUs (resource units) duplicated in the frequency domain, and the four 52-tone RUs are sequentially positioned from the first 52-tone RU to the fourth 52-tone RU in the frequency domain. For the data tones of the lower half of the third 52-tone RU, a phase rotation of minus one (-1) is applied, For the data tones of the upper half of the fourth 52-tone RU, a phase rotation of minus one (-1) is applied, A step in which the number of spatial streams for the above PPDU is set to 1; and Step of transmitting the above PPDU Including method.

2. In paragraph 1, The first 52-tone RU is located in a subcarrier index range of [-121: 70], the second 52-tone RU is located in a subcarrier index range of [-68: -17], the third 52-tone RU is located in a subcarrier index range of [17: 68], and the fourth 52-tone RU is located in a subcarrier index range of [70: 121]. method.

3. In paragraph 2, Among the third 52-tone RUs, the data tones of the lower half are located in the subcarrier index range of [43: 68], Among the fourth 52-tone RUs, the data tones of the upper half are located in the subcarrier index range of [96: 121]. method.

4. In the first paragraph, the data field is generated based on BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying) with a coding rate of 1 / 2. method.

5. In paragraph 1, The above PPDU further includes a U-SIG (Universal Signal) field, The above U-SIG field has a length of two symbols, The second symbol of the two symbols includes a first field related to the PPDU Type and Compression Mode that identifies that the PPDU is an enhanced long range (ELR) PPDU, and the first field has a value of three (3). The second symbol of the two symbols above includes a validate field for identifying that the PPDU is an ELR PPDU, the length of the validate field is 3 bits, and the validate field has a value of seven (7). method.

6. In paragraph 1, The above PPDU further includes an ELR-SIG (enhanced long range signal) field, The above ELR-SIG field includes information about an MCS (modulation and coding scheme) index applied to the data field, and the MCS applied to the data field is related to either BPSK (Binary Phase-Shift Keying) or QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying). method.

7. In paragraph 1, The above PPDU further includes an ELR-SIG (enhanced long range signal) field, The ELR-SIG field includes first information about an MCS (modulation and coding scheme) index applied to the data field, and the first information has a length of 1 bit. The ELR-SIG field further includes second information about the coding type applied to the data field, the second information having a length of 1 bit, The ELR-SIG field further includes third information regarding whether additional OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing) symbols are required for LDPC (Low-Density Parity-Check) coding of the PPDU, and the third information has a length of 1 bit. method.

8. In paragraph 1, For the first 52-tone RU and the second 52-tone RU, a phase rotation of one (1) is applied, A phase rotation of one (1) is applied to the data tones of the upper half of the third 52-tone RU, A phase rotation of one (1) is applied to the data tone of the lower half of the fourth 52-tone RU. method.

9. At least one processor; and At least one computer memory operable to said at least one processor, said memory storing instructions for performing operations based on being executed by said at least one processor, The instructions of at least one computer memory are: Generate a physical protocol data unit (PPDU) containing a data field, The bandwidth of the above PPDU is 20 MHz, The above data field is transmitted in the frequency domain in units of 52-tone RU (resource unit) through four duplicated 52-tone RUs. The above four 52-tone RUs are sequentially located in the frequency domain from the first 52-tone RU to the fourth 52-tone RU, For the data tones of the lower half of the third 52-tone RU, a phase rotation of minus one (-1) is applied, For the data tones of the upper half of the fourth 52-tone RU, a phase rotation of minus one (-1) is applied, A step in which the number of spatial streams for the above PPDU is set to 1; and Step of transmitting the above PPDU Including STA (station) performing the action.

10. In the 9th paragraph, the command of at least one computer memory performs an operation related to any one of the 1st to 8th paragraphs. STA.

11. Receive a PPDU (physical protocol data unit) containing a data field by STA (station), The bandwidth of the above PPDU is 20 MHz, The above data field is transmitted in the frequency domain in units of 52-tone RU (resource unit) through four duplicated 52-tone RUs. The above four 52-tone RUs are sequentially located in the frequency domain from the first 52-tone RU to the fourth 52-tone RU, For the data tones of the lower half of the third 52-tone RU, a phase rotation of minus one (-1) is applied, For the data tones of the upper half of the fourth 52-tone RU, a phase rotation of minus one (-1) is applied, A step in which the number of spatial streams for the above PPDU is set to 1; and A step of decoding the PPDU by the STA Including method.

12. In the 11th paragraph, the STA performs an operation related to any one of the 1st to 8th paragraphs. method.

13. At least one processor; and At least one computer memory operable to said at least one processor, said memory storing instructions for performing operations based on being executed by said at least one processor, The instructions of at least one computer memory are: Receive a PPDU (physical protocol data unit) containing a data field, The bandwidth of the above PPDU is 20 MHz, The above data field is received through four 52-tone RUs (resource units) duplicated in the frequency domain, in units of 52-tone RUs. The above four 52-tone RUs are sequentially located in the frequency domain from the first 52-tone RU to the fourth 52-tone RU, For the data tones of the lower half of the third 52-tone RU, a phase rotation of minus one (-1) is applied, For the data tones of the upper half of the fourth 52-tone RU, a phase rotation of minus one (-1) is applied, A step in which the number of spatial streams for the above PPDU is set to 1; and Step of decoding the above PPDU Including STA (station) performing the action.

14. In the 13th paragraph, the STA performs an operation related to any one of the 1st to 8th paragraphs. STA.

15. In a wireless local area network (WLAN) system, at least one computer-readable recording medium including instructions based on being executed by at least one processor, Generate a physical protocol data unit (PPDU) containing a data field, The bandwidth of the above PPDU is 20 MHz, The above data field is transmitted in the frequency domain in units of 52-tone RU (resource unit) through four duplicated 52-tone RUs. The above four 52-tone RUs are sequentially located in the frequency domain from the first 52-tone RU to the fourth 52-tone RU, For the data tones of the lower half of the third 52-tone RU, a phase rotation of minus one (-1) is applied, For the data tones of the upper half of the fourth 52-tone RU, a phase rotation of minus one (-1) is applied, A step in which the number of spatial streams for the above PPDU is set to 1; and Step of transmitting the above PPDU Performing an operation that includes Recording medium.

Images