Service requirement associated with NTN ran node
The method addresses QoS management and handover decisions in NTN RAN nodes by determining and transmitting NTN-specific information for improved communication services in NTN environments.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/075557
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-27
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-11
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communications systems face challenges in addressing service requirements for non-terrestrial network (NTN) radio access network (RAN) nodes, particularly in determining and managing quality of service (QoS) parameters and handover decisions in NTN environments.
The method involves determining and transmitting first information related to NTN RAN node characteristics, such as RAT type, orbit information, service time, and QoS parameters, to base stations, and using this information for handover decisions and QoS management, including UL and DL QoS rules and mapping of QoS flows to data radio bearers.
Enhances QoS management and handover decision-making in NTN environments, ensuring reliable and efficient communication services by considering NTN-specific parameters and characteristics.
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Figure CN2025075557_11122025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
SERVICE REQUIREMENT ASSOCIATED WITH NTN RAN NODE
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to a service requirement associated with a non-terrestrial network (NTN) radio access network (RAN) node.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations, which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication devices, such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .
[0003] Non-terrestrial network (NTN) refers to a network, or segment of networks using radio frequency (RF) resources on board a satellite or a high altitude platform station (HAPS) , providing 4G / 5G access using long term evolution (LTE) / new radio (NR) protocols. The satellite in the NTN can be a geostationary earth orbiting (GEO ) satellite with fixed location to the earth, or a low earth orbiting (LEO) satellite orbiting around the earth, or a HAPS including unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) or balloon. 3GPP Rel-17 specifications have provided basic support of NTN features and in Rel-18 and Rel-19 some essential enhancements were specified or to be specified. It is expected that the NTN will be further enhanced in Rel-20 and also will be supported in future 6G networks with further integration to the terrestrial network (TN) . There are some issues for the NTN RAN node to be addressed.SUMMARY
[0004] The present disclosure relates to methods, apparatuses, and systems that support a service requirement associated with a for an NTN RAN node.
[0005] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein include, determining first information of at least one service requirement associated with at least one non-terrestrial network (NTN) radio access network (RAN) node, and transmitting the first information to a base station serving the UE.
[0006] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include determining the first information based on one of the following: at least one characteristic of the at least one NTN RAN node or at least one cell received from the base station comprising at least one RAT type, orbit information, at least one altitude, at least one service time, at least one service duration, and at least one service stop time, wherein the at least one cell is provided by the at least one NTN RAN node, at least one QoS parameter in a QoS profile received from a core network, second information of at least one service fulfilment associated with the at least one NTN RAN node, or third information of a mapping between at least one QoS requirement and at least one characteristic of at least one NTN RAN node.
[0007] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include transmitting the first information based on at least one of the following: receiving a request from the base station, receiving a service guaranteeing request from UE NAS, obtaining an orbit or an altitude of an NTN RAN node, determining a change of a service preference or a QoS requirement at the UE, determining that the UE is at a cell edge, determining that a measurement report or an assistance information report of the UE is triggered, or determining that a start of a transmission periodicity is reached.
[0008] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include transmitting the first information via one of the following: a dedicated report, a measurement report of the UE, or an assistance information report of the UE.
[0009] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first information may comprise at least one of the following: at least one radio access technology (RAT) type of the at least one NTN RAN node or at least one cell, wherein the at least one cell is provided by the at least one NTN RAN node, orbit information of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one altitude of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service duration of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service stop time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, an uplink (UL) quality of service (QoS) rule applied at the UE, a UL QoS rule with at least one precedence value applied at the UE, a UL packet detection rule (PDR) applied at the UE, a UL PDR with at least one precedence value applied at the UE, at least one QoS flow to be guaranteed for a handover decision, at least one discardable QoS flow not to be guaranteed for the handover decision, at least one priority of at least one QoS flow to be guaranteed for the handover decision, at least one QoS parameter to be guaranteed for the handover decision, or at least one UL allocation and retention priority (ARP) of at least one QoS flow applied at the UE.
[0010] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second information may comprise at least one of the following: at least one RAT type of the at least one NTN RAN node or at least one cell, wherein the at least one cell is provided by the at least one NTN RAN node, orbit information of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one altitude of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one architecture of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service duration of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service stop time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one QoS flow supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one QoS flow not supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one priority of at least one QoS flow guaranteeing for the handover decision, at least one QoS parameter supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one ARP of at least one QoS flow applied at the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, a mapping of a UL QoS flow to a data radio bearer (DRB) applied at the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, a mapping of a DL QoS flow to a DRB applied at the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, a configuration of QoS-based condition handover (CHO) , or at least one CHO condition regarding at least one QoS fulfilment.
[0011] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the third information may comprise at least one of the following: QoS information supported by at least one RAT type, QoS information supported by at least one orbit, QoS information supported by at least one altitude, QoS information supported by at least one remaining service time, an indication of at least one RAT type, an indication of at least one orbit altitude, or an indication of at least one remaining service time.
[0012] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the third information may be received from the base station, and the third information comprises at least one of the QoS information supported by at least one RAT type, the QoS information supported by at least one orbit, the QoS information supported by at least one altitude, or the QoS information supported by at least one remaining service time, the third information may be received from UE non-access stratum (NAS) to UE access stratum (AS) for determining the first information at the UE AS, and the third information comprises at least one of the QoS information supported by at least one RAT type, the QoS information supported by at least one orbit, the QoS information supported by at least one altitude, or the QoS information supported by at least one remaining service time, or the third information may be received from the UE AS to the UE NAS or from the UE NAS to the UE AS for determining the first information at the UE NAS, and the third information comprises at least one of the indication of at least one RAT type; the indication of at least one orbit altitude; or the indication of at least one remaining service time.
[0013] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein include, receiving first information of at least one service requirement associated with at least one non-terrestrial network (NTN) radio access network (RAN) node, and determining a handover decision based on the first information.
[0014] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include transmitting, to the UE, a request for the first information via one of a dedicated signalling message, system information, a measurement configuration for the UE, or an assistance reporting configuration for the UE.
[0015] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include transmitting, to the network device, a request for the first information for the UE by a dedicated signalling message.
[0016] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first information may be received from a user equipment (UE) , and the first information comprises at least one of the following: at least one radio access technology (RAT) type of the at least one NTN RAN node or at least one cell, wherein the at least one cell is provided by the at least one NTN RAN node, orbit information of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one altitude of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service duration of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service stop time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, an uplink (UL) quality of service (QoS) rule applied at the UE, a UL QoS rule with at least one precedence value applied at the UE, a UL packet detection rule (PDR) applied at the UE, a UL PDR with at least one precedence value applied at the UE, at least one QoS flow to be guaranteed for a handover decision, at least one discardable QoS flow not to be guaranteed for the handover decision, at least one priority of at least one QoS flow to be guaranteed for the handover decision, at least one QoS parameter to be guaranteed for the handover decision, or at least one UL allocation and retention priority (ARP) of at least one QoS flow applied at the UE.
[0017] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first information may be received from a network device performing a network function, and the first information may comprise at least one of the following: at least one RAT type of the at least one NTN RAN node or at least one cell required by a UE, wherein the at least one cell is provided by the at least one NTN RAN node, orbit information of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell required by a UE, at least one altitude of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell required by a UE, at least one service time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell required by a UE, at least one service duration of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell required by a UE, at least one service stop time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell required by a UE, an UL QoS rule applied at a UE, an DL QoS rule applied at the network device, a UL QoS rule with at least one precedence value applied at the UE, a DL QoS rule with at least one precedence value applied at the network device, a UL PDR applied at the UE, a DL PDR applied at the network device, a UL PDR with at least one precedence value applied at the UE, a DL PDR with at least one precedence value applied at the network device, at least one QoS flow to be guaranteed for the handover decision, at least one discardable QoS flow not to be guaranteed for the handover decision, at least one priority of at least one QoS flow to be guaranteed for the handover decision, at least one QoS parameter to be guaranteed for the handover decision, at least one UL ARP of at least one QoS flow applied at the UE, or at least one DL ARP of at least one QoS flow applied at the network device.
[0018] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the network function may comprise one of an access and mobility management function (AMF) , a session management function (SMF) , or a user plane function (UPF) .
[0019] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first information may be received from the UE via a dedicated report, a measurement report of the UE, or an assistance information report of the UE, or the first information may be received from the network device via a dedicated report.
[0020] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the base station is a first base station, the method and apparatuses described herein may further include transmitting the first information to a second base station, and receiving, from the second base station, a response to the first information, wherein the response indicates whether the second base station fulfills the at least one service requirement in the first information.
[0021] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the handover decision based on the first information may be determined by: determining the handover decision based on the first information and at least one of the following: at least one characteristic of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell comprising at least one RAT type, orbit information, at least one altitude, at least one service time, at least one service duration, and at least one service stop time, at least one QoS parameter received from a core network, at least one measurement report from the UE, or second information of at least one service fulfilment associated with the at least one NTN RAN node.
[0022] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second information may comprise at least one of the following: at least one RAT type of the at least one NTN RAN node or at least one cell, wherein the at least one cell is provided by the at least one NTN RAN node, orbit information of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one altitude of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one architecture of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service duration of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service stop time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one QoS flow supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one QoS flow not supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one priority of at least one QoS flow guaranteeing for the handover decision, at least one QoS parameter supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one ARP of at least one QoS flow supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, a mapping of a UL QoS flow to a data radio bearer (DRB) supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, a mapping of a DL QoS flow to a DRB supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, a configuration of QoS-based condition handover (CHO) , or at least one CHO condition regarding at least one QoS fulfilment.
[0023] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein include, determining first information of at least one service requirement associated with at least one non-terrestrial network (NTN) radio access network (RAN) node, and transmitting the first information to a base station serving a user equipment (UE) .
[0024] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first information may comprise at least one of the following: at least one radio access technology (RAT) type of the at least one NTN RAN node or at least one cell required by a UE, wherein the at least one cell is provided by the at least one NTN RAN node, orbit information of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell required by a UE, at least one altitude of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell required by a UE, at least one service time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell required by a UE, at least one service duration of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell required by a UE, at least one service stop time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell required by a UE, an uplink (UL) quality of service (QoS) rule applied at a UE, a downlink (DL) QoS rule applied at the network device, a UL QoS rule with at least one precedence value applied at the UE, a DL QoS rule with at least one precedence value applied at the network device, a UL packet detection rule (PDR) applied at the UE, a DL PDR applied at the network device, a UL PDR with at least one precedence value applied at the UE, a DL PDR with at least one precedence value applied at the network device, at least one QoS flow to be guaranteed for the handover decision, at least one discardable QoS flow not to be guaranteed for the handover decision, at least one priority of at least one QoS flow to be guaranteed for the handover decision, at least one QoS parameter to be guaranteed for the handover decision, at least one UL allocation and retention priority (ARP) of at least one QoS flow applied at the UE, or at least one DL ARP of at least one QoS flow applied at the network device.
[0025] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the network function may comprise one of an access and mobility management function (AMF) , a session management function (SMF) , or a user plane function (UPF) .
[0026] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein include, receiving, from a first base station, first information of at least one service requirement associated with at least one non-terrestrial network (NTN) radio access network (RAN) node, and transmitting, to the first base station, a response to the first information, wherein the response indicates whether the second base station fulfills the at least one service requirement in the first information.
[0027] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein include, receiving, to a base station serving the UE, second information of at least one service fulfilment associated with at least one non-terrestrial network (NTN) radio access network (RAN) node, and determining a conditional handover decision based on the second information.
[0028] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include determining the conditional handover decision based on the second information by at least one of the following: performing the conditional handover decision based on determining that the configuration of the QoS-based CHO is fulfilled using the second information, or performing the conditional handover decision based on determining that the at least one CHO condition is fulfilled using the second information.
[0029] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second information may comprise at least one of the following: at least one radio access technology (RAT) type of the at least one NTN RAN node or at least one cell, wherein the at least one cell is provided by the at least one NTN RAN node, orbit information of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one altitude of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one architecture of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service duration of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service stop time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one quality of service (QoS) flow supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one QoS flow not supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one priority of at least one QoS flow guaranteeing for the handover decision, at least one QoS parameter supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one allocation and retention priority (ARP) of at least one QoS flow applied at the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, a mapping of an uplink (UL) QoS flow to a data radio bearer (DRB) applied at the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, a mapping of a downlink (DL) QoS flow to a DRB applied at the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, a configuration of QoS-based condition handover (CHO) , or at least one CHO condition regarding at least one QoS fulfilment.
[0030] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include transmitting, via the transceiver to the base station, a request for the second information.
[0031] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the request for the second information may be transmitted via one of a dedicated signalling message, a measurement report of the UE, or an assistance information report of the UE.
[0032] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second information may be received via one of a dedicated signalling message, system information, or a CHO configuration.
[0033] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein include, determining second information of at least one service fulfilment associated with at least one non-terrestrial network (NTN) radio access network (RAN) node, and transmitting, via the transceiver, the second information to a user equipment (UE) .
[0034] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include transmitting, via the transceiver to the second base station, a request for the second information.
[0035] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second information may comprise at least one of the following: at least one radio access technology (RAT) type of the at least one NTN RAN node or at least one cell, wherein the at least one cell is provided by the at least one NTN RAN node, orbit information of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one altitude of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one architecture of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service duration of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service stop time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one quality of service (QoS) flow supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one QoS flow not supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one priority of at least one QoS flow guaranteeing for the handover decision, at least one QoS parameter supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one allocation and retention priority (ARP) of at least one QoS flow applied at the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, a mapping of an uplink (UL) QoS flow to a data radio bearer (DRB) applied at the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, a mapping of a downlink (DL) QoS flow to a DRB applied at the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, a configuration of QoS-based condition handover (CHO) , or at least one CHO condition regarding at least one QoS fulfilment.
[0036] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include transmitting the second information based on one of the following: receiving a request from the UE, receiving a service guaranteeing request from UE or a network device performing a network function, determining a change of a service fulfilment, determining that the UE is at a cell edge, determining that a CHO configuration is triggered, or determining that a start of a transmission periodicity is reached.
[0037] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the request may be received via one of a dedicated signalling message, a measurement report of the UE, or an assistance information report of the UE.
[0038] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second information may be transmitted via one of a dedicated signalling message, system information, or a CHO configuration.
[0039] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the base station may be a first base station, the method and apparatuses described herein may further include receiving the second information from a second base station.
[0040] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second information may be received via a Xn interface, the second information may be received via a NG interface, the request for the second information may be transmitted via a Xn interface, or the request for the second information may be transmitted via a NG interface.
[0041] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include determining the CHO configuration based on the second information and at least one of the following: at least one characteristic of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell comprising at least one RAT type, orbit information, at least one altitude, at least one service time, at least one service duration, and at least one service stop time, at least one QoS parameter received from a core network, or at least one measurement report from the UE.
[0042] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein include, receiving, from a first base station, a request for second information of at least one service fulfilment associated with at least one non-terrestrial network (NTN) radio access network (RAN) node, and transmitting the second information to the first base station.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0043] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports a TAR for a half-duplex UE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0044] FIG. 1B illustrates an example of an impact of propagation delays associated with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0045] FIG. 1C illustrates an example of an impact of a satellite movement associated with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0046] FIG. 1D illustrates an example of an impact of an eNB / gNB deployment associated with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0047] FIG. 2 illustrates an example signaling chart illustrating an example process in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0048] FIG. 3 illustrates an example procedure in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0049] FIG. 4 illustrates an example signaling chart illustrating an example process in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0050] FIG. 5 illustrates an example procedure in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0051] FIG. 6 illustrate illustrates an example of a device that support a service requirement associated with a for an NTN RAN node in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0052] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a processor that support a service requirement associated with a for an NTN RAN node in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0053] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of a method that supports a service requirement associated with a for an NTN RAN node in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0054] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method that supports a service requirement associated with a for an NTN RAN node in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0055] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of a method that supports a service requirement associated with a for an NTN RAN node in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0056] FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of a method that supports a service requirement associated with a for an NTN RAN node in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0057] FIG. 12 illustrates a flowchart of a method that supports a service requirement associated with a for an NTN RAN node in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0058] FIG. 13 illustrates a flowchart of a method that supports a service requirement associated with a for an NTN RAN node in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0059] FIG. 14 illustrates a flowchart of a method that supports a service requirement associated with a for an NTN RAN node in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0060] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0061] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein may be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0062] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0063] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0064] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0065] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0066] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as, 5G new radio (NR) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) , and so on. Further, the communications between a user equipment and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will also be future type communication technologies and systems in which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned systems.
[0067] As used herein, the term “network device” generally refers to a node in a communication network via which a user equipment can access the communication network and receive services therefrom. The network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , a radio access network (RAN) node, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , an infrastructure device for a V2X (vehicle-to-everything) communication, a transmission and reception point (TRP) , a reception point (RP) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a low power node such as a femto BS, a pico BS, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology. The network device may further refer to a network function (NF) in the core network, for example, a SMF, an AMF, a PCF, a UPF or devices with same function in future network architectures, and so forth.
[0068] As used herein, the term “user equipment (UE) ” generally refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communications. By way of example rather than a limitation, a user equipment may also be referred to as a communication device, a terminal device, an end user device, a subscriber station (SS) , an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , a portable subscriber station, a mobile station (MS) , or an access terminal (AT) . The user equipment may include, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a voice over IP (VoIP) phone, a wireless local loop phone, a tablet, a wearable user equipment, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a portable computer, a desktop computer, an image capture user equipment such as a digital camera, a gaming user equipment, a music storage and playback appliance, a vehicle-mounted wireless user equipment, a wireless endpoint, a mobile station, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , a USB dongle, a smart device, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device (for example, a remote surgery device) , an industrial device (for example, a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. In the following description, the terms: “user equipment, ” “communication device, ” “terminal, ” “user equipment” and “UE, ” may be used interchangeably.
[0069] As used herein, the term “NTN” refers to a network, or segment of networks using RF resources on board a satellite or a HAPS, providing 4G / 5G access using LTE / NR protocols. The satellite in the NTN can be a GEO satellite with fixed location to the earth, or a LEO satellite orbiting around the earth, or a HAPS including UAV or balloon.
[0070] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100A that supports store and forward operations in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100A may include one or more network entities 102 (also referred to as network equipment (NE) ) , one or more UEs 104, a core network 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100A may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100A may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100A may be a 5G network, such as an NR network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100A may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100A may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100A may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0071] The one or more network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100A. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a radio access network (RAN) , a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
[0072] A network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0073] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100A. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100A. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100A.
[0074] The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in FIG. 1A. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in FIG. 1A. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100A.
[0075] A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0076] A network entity 102 may support communications with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) . In an example, the network entity 102 may be the satellite, there may be full or part of a eNB / gNB on board. A communication link 110 between the satellite 102 and the UE 104, a communication link 110 between the satellite 102 and a BS 102, and a communication link 116 between the BS 102 and core network 106 may be used for the NTN transparent mode. A communication link 110 between the satellite 102 and the UE 104, and a communication link 116 between the satellite 102 (with BS on board) and core network 106 may be used for the NTN regenerative mode.
[0077] In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.
[0078] An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0079] Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160.
[0080] Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .
[0081] A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0082] The core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106.
[0083] The core network 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the core network 106 via a network entity 102. The core network 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the core network 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the core network 106) .
[0084] In the wireless communications system 100A, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100A (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0085] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100A, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0086] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0087] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100A. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0088] In the wireless communications system 100A, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100A may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0089] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0090] In SA1 Rel-20 study on satellite access (Phase 4) , several use cases regarding multi-orbit satellite deployment are proposed and discussed in 3GPP TR22.887, including: service continuity through multi-orbit satellite access; supporting different services with multi-orbit satellites; support for mobile base station relays (MBSRs) through multi-orbit satellite networks; switching between multi-orbits satellite networks in remote area applications; assisting vehicular communications via multi-orbits satellite access; traffic over different orbit satellites; wide-area disaster control support using multi-orbit satellite networks; broadband services through multi-orbit satellite access; multi-orbit access for cross-hybrid service; resource and energy efficiency in a multi-orbit Satellite Access System; multi-orbit satellite backhauling.
[0091] Meanwhile, some requirements to support multi-orbit use cases are mentioned as well: support service continuity and provide suitable QoS control when the UE communication path moves between satellites in different orbits (due to the movement of the UE and / or the satellites) ; support mechanisms to allow a UE connecting one of satellite access networks in different orbits considering e.g., QoS, satellite availability; minimize the service interruption when UE communication connection moves between different orbit types of satellite access networks belonging to the same PLMN; support a mechanism to satisfy the QoS when user data traffic moves across satellites at different orbits; support switching between satellite access depending on the latency requirements; support a UE to connect with NGSO satellite access for data transmission, but be served via a GSO satellite of the same network before and after the data transmission; improve the network’s energy efficiency, by e.g., switching different power saving modes considering user density and data demand; select satellite access type for each UE to optimize the resource usage of the system, by e.g., considering connectivity state of the UE and data demand.
[0092] The connected mobility enhancements is focused to guarantee service QoS and continuity in a multi-orbit network deployment scenario, including NTN with satellites on different orbits, NTN with satellites and HAPS, and NTN and TN deployment. There are some issues connected mobility in muti-orbit network deployment to be addressed.
[0093] From the RAN perspective, there are some potential impacts on service QoS and continuity of satellites on different orbits (e.g., LEO and GEO) . As shown in Fig. 1B, the propagation delay may impact on the latency requirement fulfillment, e.g., packet delay budget (PDB) in 5G QoS scheme. The UE served by the LEO satellite can easily fulfill the requirement of QoS with 50ms latency, but cannot fulfill anymore if served by the GEO satellite.
[0094] FIG. 1C illustrates an example of an impact of a satellite movement associated with aspects of the present disclosure. The satellite movement (validity duration of coverage) may impact on the service duration fulfillment, e.g., the parameter of averaging window in 5G QoS scheme. The UE may perform handover to a cell generated by LEO satellite 2 which may reach the end of service duration, while another cell generated by the GEO satellite can provide continuous, service without mobility.
[0095] FIG. 1D illustrates an example of an impact of an eNB / gNB deployment associated with aspects of the present disclosure. The eNB / gNB deployment (on satellite or on earth) may impact inter-eNB / gNB information exchange. For example, the Xn between gNBs onboard at similar orbits may be implemented by ISL with lower latency, while the Xn between eNBs onboard at different orbits may suffer higher latency, or loss due to feeder link switch. It is to be understood that the similar impacts are also possible in NTN with satellites and HAPS, and in NTN and TN deployment.
[0096] Due to the impacts described above, it is to be considered how to optimize the normal handover decision making at gNB and conditional handover decision making at UE for multi-orbit satellites to guarantee service continuity.
[0097] For a normal handover, it allows the gNB to make the handover decision based on a UE measurement report. The decision making does not specifically take the orbit characteristics (e.g., the propagation delay and the satellite movement) of source and neighbour gNBs into consideration, and the UE measurement reporting does not provide any reference in its orbit / service / QoS requirement or preference.
[0098] In case of the handover decision, without considering the orbit characteristics of source and neighbour gNBs or the UE orbit / service / QoS requirement or preference, the gNB may decide handover UE to a cell based on measurement report that cannot fulfill its orbit / service / QoS requirement or preference. For example, a UE with low latency services (e.g., small PDB in 5G QoS indicator, 5QI) fulfilled in the LEO satellite cell could be moved to a GEO satellite cell with too large latency. In another example, a UE with long duration services (e.g., large averaging window in 5QI) fulfilled in the GEO satellite cell could be moved to a LEO satellite cell with limited service duration.
[0099] There is a need to ensure that the gNB has enough knowledge of UE’s orbit / service / QoS requirement or preference at least for handover cases to guarantee the service continuity as much as possible when multi-orbit satellites are involved. However, the current QoS scheme cannot always guarantee the gNB awareness of UE’s orbit / service / QoS requirement or preference that may be associated to satellite orbit characteristics.
[0100] For example, the UE’s orbit-level requirement or preference, e.g., RAT / orbit type, orbit altitude or remaining service time of satellite, is not supported in legacy Uu or NG signalling. The UE’s UL service-level requirement or preference, e.g., QoS rule (packet flow to QoS flow mapping) and packet detection rule (PDR) , are provided to the UE via a NAS signalling or pre-configured / derived at the UE and thus transparent to the gNB, while the DL PDR is maintained in the UPF. The QoS rule and PDR with respective precedence values reflects priority of service handling.
[0101] The QoS profile can be provided to the gNB from the SMF via the AMF so that the gNB can be aware of UE’s current UL and DL QoS-level requirement or preference. But if an UL QoS flow does not match any configured UL QoS-flow to DRB mapping, it will be mapped to the default DRB. In this case the gNB has no knowledge of the QoS requirement of that UL QoS flow. For UL QoS flow with PDU session not yet established, the gNB is unable to predict its requirement in advance.
[0102] For the conditional handover, the legacy scheme allows the UE to make the handover decision based on conditions from gNB configuration. The decision making does not specifically take the orbit characteristics (the propagation delay and the satellite movement) into consideration, and the gNB configuration does not provide any information of QoS fulfillment in candidate cells.
[0103] In case of conditional handover decision, the UE may decide handover to a cell that cannot fulfill UE QoS requirement or service preference. E. g., to a GEO satellite cell with too large latency or to a LEO satellite cell with too short service time.
[0104] However, the QoS scheme or air interface signalling cannot guarantee the UE awareness of the QoS fulfillment in candidate cells that may be associated to satellite orbit characteristics. Similar to the normal handover, the QoS scheme cannot always guarantee gNB awareness of neighbour cell’s orbit / service / QoS fulfillment capability that may be associated to satellite orbit characteristics. In NTN, the conditional handover supports time-based CondEvent T1 and distance-based CondEvent D1 and CondEvent D2. The time T1 and duration in CondEvent T1 is determined by the gNB which are not always aligned with the start serving time and the service duration of a candidate cell. The distanceThreshFromReference2 in CondEvent D1 and CondEvent D2 is used to evaluate the distance between UE and the reference location of a candidate cell.
[0105] In addition, in NTN, the ephemeris information of a neighbour cell can be provided to the UE in a serving cell for measurement, mobility or synchronization purposes. With the ephemeris information, it is possible that the UE can derive the propagation delay to a neighbour satellite that somehow limits minimum propagation delay in that cell. Without additional information (e.g., gNB on satellite or earth) , the UE may not figure out the minimum latency requirement that can be supported. For example, the UE-gNB round trip time (RTT) in transparent architecture is double of that in the regenerative architecture.
[0106] Meanwhile, for the issues described above, inter-gNB (and gNB-CN) exchange for mobility between multi-orbit satellites to guarantee service continuity.
[0107] In view of the above discussions, some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for a service requirement associated with a for an NTN RAN node. In one aspect of the solution of the present disclosure, a user equipment determines first information of at least one service requirement associated with at least one non-terrestrial network (NTN) radio access network (RAN) node. The user equipment transmits the first information to a base station serving the UE. In this way, the issues of UE service QoS and continuity guaranteeing during handover are solved. Therefore, the performance of communication is improved. Principles and implementations of embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 2-14.
[0108] FIG. 2 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example process 200 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 200 may involve the UE 201, the base station 202, the network device 203 performing a network function and the base station 204. The UE 201 in FIG. 2 may be an example of UE 104 in FIG. 1A . The base station 202 in FIG. 2 may be an example of a network entity 102 in FIG. 1A. The base station 204 in FIG. 2 may be an example of a network entity 102 in FIG. 1A. The network device 203 in FIG. 2 may be an example of a core network 106 in FIG. 1A. It would be appreciated that although the process 200 is applied to in the communication environment 100A of FIG. 1A, this process may be likewise applied to other communication scenarios with similar issues.
[0109] In the process 200, the UE 201 may determine 210 the first information of at least one service requirement associated with at least one NTN RAN node, and transmit 215 the first information 220 to the base station 202 serving the UE 201. Correspondingly, the base station 202 may receive 225 the first information 220 from the UE 201.
[0110] Alternatively or additionally, the network device 203 performing a network function may determine 230 determine first information of at least one service requirement associated with at least one NTN RAN node, and transmit 235 the first information 240 to the base station 202 serving the UE 201. Correspondingly, the base station 202 may receive 250 the first information 240 from the network device 203. In addition, the network function may comprise an access and mobility management function (AMF) , a session management function (SMF) , or a user plane function (UPF) .
[0111] In other words, the UE 201 or the core network may indicate the UE’s requirement / preference associated to a RAN node orbit / altitude for handover decision-making. The first information from the UE 201 and the network device 203 is different.
[0112] For the case of receiving the first information 220 from the UE 201, the first information 220 may comprise at least one radio access technology (RAT) type of the at least one NTN RAN node or at least one cell, which is provided by the at least one NTN RAN node, orbit information of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one altitude of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service duration of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service stop time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, an uplink (UL) quality of service (QoS) rule applied at the UE, a UL QoS rule with at least one precedence value applied at the UE, a UL packet detection rule (PDR) applied at the UE, a UL PDR with at least one precedence value applied at the UE, at least one QoS flow to be guaranteed for a handover decision, at least one discardable QoS flow not to be guaranteed for the handover decision, at least one priority of at least one QoS flow to be guaranteed for the handover decision, at least one QoS parameter to be guaranteed for the handover decision, at least one UL allocation and retention priority (ARP) of at least one QoS flow applied at the UE, or any combination of two or more of the above-mentioned items.
[0113] For the case of receiving the first information 220 from the network device 204, the first information 220 may comprise at least one RAT type of the at least one NTN RAN node or at least one cell required by a UE, and the at least one cell is provided by the at least one NTN RAN node, orbit information of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell required by a UE, at least one altitude of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell required by a UE, at least one service time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell required by a UE, at least one service duration of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell required by a UE, at least one service stop time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell required by a UE, an UL QoS rule applied at a UE, an DL QoS rule applied at the network device, a UL QoS rule with at least one precedence value applied at the UE, a DL QoS rule with at least one precedence value applied at the network device, a UL PDR applied at the UE, a DL PDR applied at the network device, a UL PDR with at least one precedence value applied at the UE, a DL PDR with at least one precedence value applied at the network device, at least one QoS flow to be guaranteed for the handover decision, at least one discardable QoS flow not to be guaranteed for the handover decision, at least one priority of at least one QoS flow to be guaranteed for the handover decision, at least one QoS parameter to be guaranteed for the handover decision, at least one UL ARP of at least one QoS flow applied at the UE, at least one DL ARP of at least one QoS flow applied at the network device, or any combination of two or more of the above-mentioned items.
[0114] As described above, the first information may include the orbit / altitude-level information required or preferred by the UE 201, service-level information, the QoS-level information, or any combination of two or more of the above-mentioned items. In an example, the orbit / altitude-level information may comprise UE’s required / preferred RAT type of the a neighbour RAN node (i.e., the NTN RAN node) or neighbour cell (i.e., the cell provided by the NTN RAN node) for the handover decision, e.g., TN, HAPS, LEO, MEO or GEO, UE’s required / preferred orbit altitude of the neighbour cell or a neighbour RAN node for the handover decision, e.g., 8km (for HAPS) , 600km (for LEO) , 1200km (for LEO) , 36000km (for GEO) , and UE’s required / preferred remaining service time of the neighbour cell or a neighbour RAN node for handover decision, e.g., 2000ms to fulfill services with averaging window parameter.
[0115] In an example, the service-level information may comprise the UL / DL QoS rule with at least one precedence value applied at the UE / UPF. Based on the service-level information. the base station 202 may know which packet flow is more important and thus prioritize the corresponding mapped QoS flow for the handover. In another example, service-level information may further comprise the PDR with at least one precedence value applied at UE / UPF, which usage is similar as the UL QoS rule.
[0116] In an example, the QoS-level information may comprise at least one QoS flow required / preferred by the UE 201 to be guaranteed for handover decision (e.g., a 5QI, QFI or DRB ID) , at least one discardable / vulnerable QoS flow not to be guaranteed for handover decision (e.g., a 5QI, QFI or DRB ID) , dedicated priority of QoS flows to be guaranteed for handover decision (e.g., 5QIs, QFIs or DRB IDs with priority values) , at least one QoS parameter required / preferred by the UE 201 to be guaranteed for handover decision (e.g., PDB or averaging window) , the ARP applied at the UE 201.
[0117] Additionally, the UE 201 may determine the first information 220 based on at least one characteristic of the at least one NTN RAN node or at least one cell received from the base station comprising at least one RAT type, orbit information, at least one altitude, at least one service time, at least one service duration, and at least one service stop time, at least one QoS parameter in a QoS profile received from a core network, second information of at least one service fulfilment associated with the at least one NTN RAN node, third information of a mapping between at least one QoS requirement and at least one characteristic of at least one NTN RAN node, or any combination of two or more of the above-mentioned items. In addition, the at least one cell is provided by the at least one NTN RAN node. Similarly, the network device 204 may perform the same operation to determine the first information 240.
[0118] For instance, the UE 201 may determine the first information in UE AS or UE NAS based on the characteristic information of at least one neighbour cell or neighbour RAN node, e.g., altitude, orbit, ephemeris or remaining service time information from serving gNB, at least one QoS parameter in a QoS profile from core network, a second information of service fulfilment associated with at least one neighbour cell or neighbour RAN node from the serving gNB, a third information of mapping between QoS requirement and RAN node characteristics from the serving gNB or the core network.
[0119] In some embodiments, the second information may comprise: at least one RAT type of the at least one NTN RAN node or at least one cell, which is provided by the at least one NTN RAN node, orbit information of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one altitude of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell (e.g., in km) , at least one architecture of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service duration of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service stop time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one QoS flow supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell (e.g., identified by a QFI or DRB ID) , at least one QoS flow not supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell (e.g., identified by a QFI or DRB ID) , at least one priority of at least one QoS flow guaranteeing for the handover decision, at least one QoS parameter supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one ARP of at least one QoS flow applied at the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, a mapping of a UL QoS flow to a data radio bearer (DRB) applied at the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, a mapping of a DL QoS flow to a DRB applied at the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, a configuration of QoS-based condition handover (CHO) , at least one CHO condition regarding at least one QoS fulfilment, or any combination of two or more of the above-mentioned items.
[0120] As mentioned above, at least one architecture of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell refers to the gNB deployment or architecture option of a neighbour cell or a neighbour RAN node. The architecture options including transparent and regenerative. The transparent architecture refers to the NTN RAN node embarks RF units without BS processing units. The regenerative architecture refers to the NTN RAN node embarks RF units and at least part of BS processing units.
[0121] In addition, the service time may refer to a remaining service time for the UE 201 at a neighbour cell or a neighbour RAN node. The at least one priority may be the dedicated priority of QoS flows guaranteeing for handover decision that is applied in a neighbour cell or a neighbour RAN node, e.g., identified by QFIs or DRB IDs with priority values. The configuration of QoS-based CHO may be a separate QoS-based CHO configuration, which is independent to the normal CHO configuration.
[0122] In some embodiments, the third information may comprise: QoS information supported by at least one RAT type (e.g., the PDB) , QoS information supported by at least one orbit (e.g., the PDB) , QoS information supported by at least one altitude (e.g., the PDB) , QoS information supported by at least one remaining service time (e.g., the averaging window) , an indication of at least one RAT type, an indication of at least one orbit altitude, an indication of at least one remaining service time, or any combination of two or more of the above-mentioned items. It is to be understood that the QoS information in the third information indicates the requirements for an NTN RAN node or a cell, and the indication in the third information indicates RAT type, altitude, service time, etc. for the NTN RAN node or the cell directly.
[0123] In a first example, the third information may be received from the base station, and the third information may comprise the QoS information supported by at least one RAT type, the QoS information supported by at least one orbit, the QoS information supported by at least one altitude, or the QoS information supported by at least one remaining service time, or any combination of two or more of the above-mentioned items. In the case of the first example, the third information may be provided to the UE AS or the NAS from the network via the AS or NAS signalling for the first information generation.
[0124] In a second example, the third information may be received from UE non-access stratum (NAS) to UE access stratum (AS) for determining the first information at the UE AS, and the third information may comprise the QoS information supported by at least one RAT type, the QoS information supported by at least one orbit, the QoS information supported by at least one altitude, the QoS information supported by at least one remaining service time, or any combination of two or more of the above-mentioned items. In the case of the second example, the third information may be provided to the UE AS from the UE NAS via the UE AS-NAS interaction for the first information generation at the UE AS.
[0125] In a third example, the third information is received from the UE AS to the UE NAS or from the UE NAS to the UE AS for determining the first information at the UE NAS, and the third information may comprise the indication of at least one RAT type, the indication of at least one orbit altitude, the indication of at least one remaining service time, or any combination of two or more of the above-mentioned items. In the case of the third example, the third information may be provided to the UE AS from the UE NAS or to the UE NAS from the UE AS via the UE AS-NAS interaction for the first information generation at the UE NAS.
[0126] Alternatively or additionally, the UE 201 may transmit 215 the first information 220 based on receiving a request from the base station 202, receiving a service guaranteeing request from UE NAS, obtaining an orbit or an altitude of an NTN RAN node, determining a change of a service preference or a QoS requirement at the UE 201 (or the SMF / UPF) , determining that the UE is at a cell edge, determining that a measurement report or an assistance information report of the UE is triggered, determining that a start of a transmission periodicity is reached, or any combination of two or more of the above-mentioned items. Similarly, the network device 204 may transmit 235 the first information 240 based on the same trigger.
[0127] In other words, the UE or the SMF / UPF entity may trigger the transmission of the first information to the serving gNB when the one or more conditions is fulfilled. As described above, the request may be received from the serving gNB via a dedicated signalling message, as part of system information, as part of measurement configuration, or as part of UE assistance reporting configuration. In addition, the orbit or the altitude may be derived from the neighbour satellite ephemeris. Whether the UE 201 is at a cell edge may be judged by signal strength or signal variation.
[0128] Correspondingly, the base station 202 may transmit a request for the first information 220 to the UE 201 via a dedicated signalling message, system information, a measurement configuration for the UE 201, or an assistance reporting configuration for the UE201. Alternatively or additionally, the base station 202 may transmit a request for the first information 220 to the network device 203 via a dedicated signalling message.
[0129] In addition, the UE 201 may transmit 215 the first information 220 via a dedicated report, a measurement report of the UE, or an assistance information report of the UE.
[0130] From the perspective of the base station 202, the first information may be received from the UE 201 via a dedicated report, a measurement report of the UE, or an assistance information report of the UE Additionally, the first information may be received from the network device 203 via a dedicated report.
[0131] Continuing with reference to FIG. 2, the base station 202 may transmit 260 the first information 265 to the base station 204. It is to be understood that the base station 202 may be referred to as the first base station, and the base station 204 may be referred to as the second base station. After receiving 270 the first information 265 from the base station 202, the base station 204 may transmit 275 a response to the first information 280 to the base station 202. The response 280 indicates whether the second base station fulfills the at least one service requirement in the first information. On the other side of the communication, the base station 202 may receive 285 the response to the first information 280.
[0132] For instance, the serving gNB may transmit the first information 265 to another gNB using a dedicated signalling message over Xn interface (including a HANDOVER REQUEST) or NG interfaces. The serving gNB may further receive a response for the first information 265 from another gNB over the Xn interface (including the HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE) or NG interfaces.
[0133] In this way, the serving gNB may indicate part of or the whole first information to a neighbour gNB via Xn or NG interfaces e.g. for handover preparation and UE service handling after handover. The neighbour gNB may use the first information 265 (e.g. indicated in HANDOVER REQUEST) from the serving gNB to determine whether it can fulfil the corresponding UE requirement. The neighbour gNB may response to the serving gNB whether it can fulfil the corresponding UE requirement / preference (e.g. in HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE) .
[0134] In addition, the serving gNB may also reconfigure the UE 201 (e.g., SDAP reconfiguration to adjust QoS flow to DRB mapping) considering the first information and the response of the neighbour gNB.
[0135] Based on the first information, the base station 202 determines 290 a handover decision. In some embodiments, the base station 202 may determine the handover decision based on the first information and at least one of at least one characteristic of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell comprising at least one RAT type, orbit information, at least one altitude, ephemeris, at least one remaining service time, at least one service duration, and at least one service stop time from the base station 202, at least one QoS parameter received from a core network, at least one measurement report from the UE 201, or second information of at least one service fulfilment associated with the at least one NTN RAN node.
[0136] For example, the serving gNB may make the handover decision based on the first information and the existing UE measurement report.
[0137] FIG. 3 illustrates an example procedure in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The procedure 300 may involve a UE 301, a source gNB 302, a target gNB 303, and AMF / SMF / UPF 304. It is understood that the process 300 can be considered as a more specific example of process 200. Thus, the UE 301 in FIG. 3 may be an example of the UE 201 in FIG. 2. The source gNB 302 in FIG. 3 may be an example of the base station 202 in FIG. 2. The target gNB 303 in FIG. 3 may be an example of the base station 204 in FIG. 2. The AMF / SMF / UPF 304 in FIG. 3 may be an example of the network device 203 in FIG. 2.
[0138] As shown in FIG. 3, at 311, the UE 301 may receive the third information from the AMF / SMF / UPF 304. Alternatively or additionally, at 313, the UE 301 may receive the third information from the source gNB 302. At 315, the UE 301 may perform a AS-NAS interaction for the third information.
[0139] At 317, the UE 301 may transmit a request for the second information to the target gNB 303. At 323, the UE 301 may receive an acknowledge message with the second information from the target gNB 303. Alternatively or additionally, the UE 301 may transmit a request for the second information to the AMF / SMF / UPF 304 via the target gNB 303 at 317 and 319. Then the UE 301 may receive an acknowledge message with the second information from the AMF / SMF / UPF 304 via the target gNB 303 at 321 and 323.
[0140] At 325, the source gNB 302 may triggers the transmission of the second information to the UE 301 when a request is received from the UE 301, a service guaranteeing request is received from the UE 301 or the AMF / SMF / UPF 304, the QoS fulfilment in a neighbour cell changes, the UE 301 is at cell edge, e.g., judged by signal strength or signal variation, a conditional handover configuration is triggered, or the start of a transmission periodicity is reached.
[0141] At 327, the serving gNB 302 may transmit the second information to the UE 301 using a dedicated signalling, as part of system information or as part of CHO configuration. Alternatively or additionally, at 329, the serving gNB 302 may transmit a measurement report configuration with the second information to the UE 301.
[0142] At 331, the serving gNB 302 may transmit a first information request to the UE 301. At 335, the serving gNB 302 transmits a measurement report configuration with a first information request to the UE 301. At 337, the UE 301 triggers the transmission of the first information to the serving gNB 302. At 339, the UE 301 transmits the measurement report with the first information to the serving gNB 302. At 343, the UE 301 transmits the first information to the serving gNB 302.
[0143] Alternatively or additionally, at 333, the serving gNB 302 may transmit a first information request to the AMF / SMF / UPF 304. At 341, the AMF / SMF / UPF 304 triggers the transmission of the first information to the serving gNB 302. At 345, the AMF / SMF / UPF 304 transmits the first information to the serving gNB 302.
[0144] At 347, the serving gNB 302 may transmit the first information to the target gNB 303. At 353, the target gNB 303 may receive the acknowledge message based on the first information from the target gNB 303. Alternatively or additionally, the UE 301 may transmit the first information to the AMF / SMF / UPF 304 via the target gNB 303 at 347 and 349. Then the UE 301 may receive an acknowledge message based on the first information from the AMF / SMF / UPF 304 via the target gNB 303 at 351 and 353.
[0145] At 355, the serving gNB 302 makes HO decision with the first information. At 357, the serving gNB 302 transmits the HO request with the first information to the target gNB 303. At 359, the serving gNB 302 receives the HO request acknowledge based on the first information from the target gNB 303.
[0146] FIG. 4 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example process 400 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 400 may involve the user equipment 401, the base station 402, and the base station 403. The UE 401 in FIG. 4 may be an example of UE 104 in FIG. 1A . The base station 402 in FIG. 4 may be an example of a network entity 102 in FIG. 1A. The base station 403 in FIG. 4 may be an example of a network entity 102 in FIG. 1A. It would be appreciated that although the process 400 is applied to in the communication environment 100A of FIG. 1A, this process may be likewise applied to other communication scenarios with similar issues.
[0147] In the process 400, the base station 402 determines 410 second information of at least one service fulfilment associated with at least one NTN RAN node.
[0148] In some embodiments, the second information may comprise: at least one RAT type of the at least one NTN RAN node or at least one cell, which is provided by the at least one NTN RAN node, orbit information of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one altitude of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one architecture of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service duration of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service stop time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one QoS flow supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one QoS flow not supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one priority of at least one QoS flow guaranteeing for the handover decision, at least one QoS parameter supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one ARP of at least one QoS flow applied at the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, a mapping of a UL QoS flow to a DRB applied at the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, a mapping of a DL QoS flow to a DRB applied at the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, a configuration of QoS-based CHO, at least one CHO condition regarding at least one QoS fulfilment, or any combination of two or more of the above-mentioned items.
[0149] As described above, the second information may include the orbit / altitude-level information required or preferred by the UE 201, the QoS-level information, CHO configuration or any combination of two or more of the above-mentioned items.
[0150] In an example, the orbit / altitude-level information may comprise a RAT type of the a neighbour RAN node or neighbour cell for the handover decision, e.g., TN, HAPS, LEO, MEO or GEO, an orbit altitude and gNB deployment option (transparent or regenerative) of the neighbour cell or a neighbour RAN node for the handover decision, and a remaining service time of the neighbour cell or a neighbour RAN node for handover decision.
[0151] In an example, the QoS-level information may comprise at least one QoS flow that can be supported or accepted in a neighbour cell or a neighbour RAN node (e.g., a 5QI, QFI or DRB ID) , At least one QoS flow that cannot be supported or rejected in a neighbour cell or a neighbour RAN node, e.g., a 5QI, QFI or DRB ID; dedicated priority of QoS flows guaranteeing for handover decision that is applied in a neighbour cell or a neighbour RAN node, e.g., 5QIs, QFIs or DRB IDs with priority value, at least one QoS parameter that can be supported in a neighbour cell or a neighbour RAN node, e.g., PDB (Packet Delay Budget) or Averaging Window, ARP (Allocation and Retention Priority) applied in a neighbour cell or a neighbour RAN node, DL / UL QoS flow to DRB mapping applied in a neighbour cell or a neighbour RAN node.
[0152] In an example, the CHO configuration may comprise a separate QoS-based CHO configuration, independent to the normal CHO configuration. In addition, the CHO configuration may further comprise CHO condition regarding QoS fulfilment e.g., CondEvent Q1, neighbour cell fulfils the QoS requirement or preference of UE.
[0153] Continuing with reference to FIG. 4, the base station 402 may transmit 415 a request for the second information 420 to the base station 403. It is to be understood that the base station 402 may be referred to as the first base station, and the base station 403 may be referred to as the second base station.
[0154] After receiving 425 the request for the second information 420 from the base station 402, the base station 403 may transmit 430 the second information 435 to the base station 402. Correspondingly, the base station 402 may receive 440 the second information 435 from the base station 403.
[0155] In an example, a neighbour gNB may indicate part of or the whole second information to the serving gNB via Xn or NG interfaces. The serving gNB may send a request for the second information to neighbour gNB (e.g. in HANDOVER REQUEST) . In this way, the serving gNB may use the orbit / service / QoS-level information (e.g. in HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE) from the neighbour gNB to determine the CHO configuration for the UE 401, or may send the corresponding configuration or the second information to the UE 401 as part of the CHO configuration.
[0156] Continuing with reference to FIG. 4, the base station 402 transmits 445 the second information 450 to the UE 401. Correspondingly, the UE 401 receives 455 the second information 450 from the base station 402. Alternatively or additionally, the second information may be received via a dedicated signalling message, system information, or a CHO configuration.
[0157] In an example, the second information may be received as part of system information block (SIB) . In another example, the second information may be received as part of the conditional handover configuration.
[0158] Alternatively or additionally, the base station 402 may transmit the second information based on receiving a request from the UE, receiving a service guaranteeing request from UE or a network device performing a network function, determining a change of a service fulfilment, determining that the UE is at a cell edge, determining that a CHO configuration is triggered, determining that a start of a transmission periodicity is reached, or any combination of two or more of the above-mentioned items. In some embodiments, the second information may be received via a Xn interface or a NG interface.
[0159] For instance, the second information may be triggered based on event, e.g., a service guaranteeing request from the NAS, the neighbour cell corresponding information change. In addition, the second information may be triggered based on periodicity.
[0160] In some embodiments, the UE 401 may transmit a request for the second information to the base station 402. Additionally, the request for the second information may be transmitted via a dedicated signalling message, a measurement report of the UE, or an assistance information report of the UE 401. In addition, the request for the second information may be transmitted via a Xn interface or a NG interface.
[0161] In some embodiments, the base station 402 may determine the CHO configuration based on the second information and at least one of at least one characteristic of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell comprising at least one RAT type, orbit information, at least one altitude, at least one service time, at least one service duration, and at least one service stop time, at least one QoS parameter received from a core network; or at least one measurement report from the UE.
[0162] Additionally, the base station 402 may reconfigure the UE 401 (e.g., the SDAP reconfiguration to adjust the QoS flow to the DRB mapping) considering the second information 450.
[0163] Continuing with reference to FIG. 4, the UE 401 determines 460 a conditional handover decision based on the second information 450. In some embodiments, the UE 401 may determine the conditional handover decision based on the second information by performing the conditional handover decision based on determining that the configuration of the QoS-based CHO is fulfilled using the second information.
[0164] Alternatively or additionally, the UE 401 may determine the conditional handover decision based on the second information by performing the conditional handover decision based on determining that the at least one CHO condition is fulfilled using the second information.
[0165] In other words, the UE 401 may make decision of conditional handover execution based on the second information provided. The UE 401 may use the orbit / service / QoS-level information, evaluate the separated QoS-based CHO configuration and execute when the configuration is fulfilled. The UE 401 may further evaluate the CHO condition regarding QoS fulfilment and execute when the condition is fulfilled.
[0166] FIG. 5 illustrates an example procedure in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The procedure 500 may involve a UE 501, a source gNB 502, a target gNB 503, and AMF / SMF / UPF 504. It is understood that the process 500 can be considered as a more specific example of process 200. Thus, the UE 501 in FIG. 5 may be an example of the UE 201 in FIG. 2. The source gNB 502 in FIG. 5 may be an example of the base station 202 in FIG. 2. The target gNB 503 in FIG. 5 may be an example of the base station 204 in FIG. 2. The AMF / SMF / UPF 504 in FIG. 5 may be an example of the network device 203 in FIG. 2.
[0167] As shown in FIG. 5, at 510, the source gNB 502 may transmit a request for the second information to the target gNB 503. At 525, the source gNB 502 may receive an acknowledge message with the second information from the target gNB 503. Alternatively or additionally, the source gNB 502 may transmit a request for the second information to the AMF / SMF / UPF 504 via the target gNB 503 at 510 and 515. Then the source gNB 502 may receive an acknowledge message with the second information from the AMF / SMF / UPF 504 via the target gNB 503 at 520 and 525.
[0168] At 530, the source gNB 502 may transmit a HO request with a request for the second information to the target gNB 503. At 535, the target gNB 503 transmits a HO request acknowledge with the second information to the UE 501.
[0169] At 540, the source gNB 502 may trigger the transmission of the second information to the UE 501. At 545, the source gNB 502 transmits the second information to the UE 501. At 550, the source gNB 502 transmits the CHO configuration with the second information to the UE 501. At 555, the UE 501 makes the CHO decision with the second information.
[0170] In general, example embodiments of the disclosure focuses on the scenario of NTN muti-orbit network deployment and aims to solve the issues of UE service QoS and continuity guaranteeing during handover, by considering the UE’s requirement or EAN node’s capability of fulfilment.
[0171] Solutions are proposed to optimize the normal handover decision making at the serving gNB for multi-orbit satellites to guarantee the service QoS and continuity, allowing the serving gNB to obtain the necessary information of the service requirement associated with at least one cell or RAN node from the UE or the AMF / SMF / UPF, and determine a handover configuration based on such information. The serving gNB may further indicate the information to another gNB via Xn or NG interfaces.
[0172] In addition, solutions are proposed to optimize the conditional handover decision making at the UE for multi-orbit satellites to guarantee the service QoS and continuity, allowing the UE to obtain the necessary information of the service fulfilment associated with at least one neighbour cell or neighbour RAN node from the serving gNB, and evaluates or executes the conditional handover based on such information. The serving gNB may obtain the information from another gNB via Xn or NG interfaces.
[0173] It is to be understood that the process 200 and the procedure 300 may be used for the normal handover, and the process 400 and the procedure 500 may be used for the conditional handover. The example embodiments of the process 200, the procedure 300, the process 400 and the procedure 500 may be used separately or together.
[0174] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a device 600 that supports a service requirement associated with a for an NTN RAN node in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 600 may be an example of a network entity 102, a UE 104, or a core network 106 as described herein. The device 600 may support wireless communication with one or more network entities 102, UEs 104, or any combination thereof. The device 600 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 602, a memory 604, a transceiver 606, and, optionally, an I / O controller 608. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0175] The processor 602, the memory 604, the transceiver 606, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 602, the memory 604, the transceiver 606, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0176] In some implementations, the processor 602, the memory 604, the transceiver 606, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 602 and the memory 604 coupled with the processor 602 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 602, instructions stored in the memory 604) .
[0177] In a first example, the processor 602 may support wireless communication at the device 600 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 602 may be configured to operable to support a means for determining first information of at least one service requirement associated with at least one non-terrestrial network (NTN) radio access network (RAN) node, and means for transmitting, via the transceiver, the first information to a base station serving the UE. The processor 602 may be configured to operable to support other means for other implementations of method 800.
[0178] In a second example, the processor 602 may support wireless communication at the device 600 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 602 may be configured to operable to support a means for receiving, via the transceiver, first information of at least one service requirement associated with at least one non-terrestrial network (NTN) radio access network (RAN) node, and means for determining a handover decision based on the first information. The processor 602 may be configured to operable to support other means for other implementations of method 900.
[0179] In a third example, the processor 602 may support wireless communication at the device 600 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 602 may be configured to operable to support a means for determining first information of at least one service requirement associated with at least one non-terrestrial network (NTN) radio access network (RAN) node, and means for transmitting the first information to a base station serving a user equipment (UE) . The processor 602 may be configured to operable to support other means for other implementations of method 1000.
[0180] In a fourth example, the processor 602 may support wireless communication at the device 600 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 602 may be configured to operable to support a means for receiving, via the transceiver from a first base station, first information of at least one service requirement associated with at least one non-terrestrial network (NTN) radio access network (RAN) node, and means for transmitting, to the first base station, a response to the first information, wherein the response indicates whether the second base station fulfills the at least one service requirement in the first information. The processor 602 may be configured to operable to support other means for other implementations of method 1100.
[0181] In a fifth example, the processor 602 may support wireless communication at the device 600 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 602 may be configured to operable to support a means for receiving, via the transceiver to a base station serving the UE, second information of at least one service fulfilment associated with at least one non-terrestrial network (NTN) radio access network (RAN) node, and means for determining a conditional handover decision based on the second information. The processor 602 may be configured to operable to support other means for other implementations of method 1200.
[0182] In a sixth example, the processor 602 may support wireless communication at the device 600 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 602 may be configured to operable to support a means for determining second information of at least one service fulfilment associated with at least one non-terrestrial network (NTN) radio access network (RAN) node, and means for transmitting, via the transceiver, the second information to a user equipment (UE) . The processor 602 may be configured to operable to support other means for other implementations of method 1300.
[0183] In a seventh example, the processor 602 may support wireless communication at the device 600 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 602 may be configured to operable to support a means for receiving, via the transceiver from a first base station, a request for second information of at least one service fulfilment associated with at least one non-terrestrial network (NTN) radio access network (RAN) node, and means for transmitting the second information to the first base station. The processor 602 may be configured to operable to support other means for other implementations of method 1400.
[0184] The processor 602 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 602 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 602. The processor 602 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 604) to cause the device 600 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0185] The memory 604 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 604 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 602 cause the device 600 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 602 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 604 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0186] The I / O controller 608 may manage input and output signals for the device 600. The I / O controller 608 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device M02. In some implementations, the I / O controller 608 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 608 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 608 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 606. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 600 via the I / O controller 608 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 608.
[0187] In some implementations, the device 600 may include a single antenna 610. However, in some other implementations, the device 600 may have more than one antenna 610 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 606 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 610, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 606 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 606 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 610 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 610. The transceiver 606 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0188] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 610 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0189] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 610 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0190] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a processor 700 that supports a service requirement associated with a for an NTN RAN node in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 700 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 700 may include a controller 702 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 700 may optionally include at least one memory 704. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 700 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 700. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0191] The processor 700 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 700) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0192] The controller 702 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 700 to cause the processor 700 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 702 may operate as a control unit of the processor 700, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 700. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0193] The controller 702 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 704 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 700 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 702 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 704. The controller 702 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 702 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 700 to cause the processor 700 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 702 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 700. The controller 702 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 700.
[0194] The memory 704 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 700 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementation, the memory 704 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 700) . In some other implementations, the memory 704 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 700) .
[0195] The memory 704 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 700, cause the processor 700 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 702 and / or the processor 700 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 704 to cause the processor 700 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting transmit power prioritization ) . For example, the processor 700 and / or the controller 702 may be coupled with or to the memory 704, the processor 700, the controller 702, and the memory 704 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 700 may include multiple processors and the memory 704 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0196] The one or more ALUs 700 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementation, the one or more ALUs 700 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 700) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 700 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 700) . One or more ALUs 700 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 700 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 700 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 700 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 700 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0197] The processor 700 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In a first example, the processor 702 may be configured to or operable to support a means for determining first information of at least one service requirement associated with at least one non-terrestrial network (NTN) radio access network (RAN) node, and means for transmitting the first information to a base station serving the UE. The processor 700 may be configured to or operable to support other means for other implementations of method 800.
[0198] In a second example, the processor 702 may be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving first information of at least one service requirement associated with at least one non-terrestrial network (NTN) radio access network (RAN) node, and means for determining a handover decision based on the first information. The processor 700 may be configured to or operable to support other means for other implementations of method 900.
[0199] In a third example, the processor 700 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 702 may be configured to or operable to support a means for determining first information of at least one service requirement associated with at least one non-terrestrial network (NTN) radio access network (RAN) node, and means for transmitting the first information to a base station serving a user equipment (UE) . The processor 700 may be configured to or operable to support other means for other implementations of method 1000.
[0200] In a fourth example, the processor 700 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 702 may be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving, from a first base station, first information of at least one service requirement associated with at least one non-terrestrial network (NTN) radio access network (RAN) node, and means for transmitting, to the first base station, a response to the first information, wherein the response indicates whether the second base station fulfills the at least one service requirement in the first information. The processor 700 may be configured to or operable to support other means for other implementations of method 1100.
[0201] In a fifth example, the processor 700 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 702 may be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving, to a base station serving the UE, second information of at least one service fulfilment associated with at least one non-terrestrial network (NTN) radio access network (RAN) node, and means for determining a conditional handover decision based on the second information. The processor 700 may be configured to or operable to support other means for other implementations of method 1200.
[0202] In a sixth example, the processor 700 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 702 may be configured to or operable to support a means for determining second information of at least one service fulfilment associated with at least one non-terrestrial network (NTN) radio access network (RAN) node, and means for transmitting the second information to a user equipment (UE) . The processor 700 may be configured to or operable to support other means for other implementations of method 1300.
[0203] In a seventh example, the processor 700 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 702 may be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving, from a first base station, a request for second information of at least one service fulfilment associated with at least one non-terrestrial network (NTN) radio access network (RAN) node, and means for transmitting the second information to the first base station. The processor 700 may be configured to or operable to support other means for other implementations of method 1400.
[0204] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of a method 800 that supports a service requirement associated with a for an NTN RAN node in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 800 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 800 may be performed by a UE 104 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0205] At 805, the method may include determining first information of at least one service requirement associated with at least one NTN RAN node. The operations of 805 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 805 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0206] At 810, the method may include transmitting the first information to a base station serving the UE. The operations of 810 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 810 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0207] In some embodiments, the first information may comprise at least one of the following: at least one radio access technology (RAT) type of the at least one NTN RAN node or at least one cell, wherein the at least one cell is provided by the at least one NTN RAN node, orbit information of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one altitude of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service duration of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service stop time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, an uplink (UL) quality of service (QoS) rule applied at the UE, a UL QoS rule with at least one precedence value applied at the UE, a UL packet detection rule (PDR) applied at the UE, a UL PDR with at least one precedence value applied at the UE, at least one QoS flow to be guaranteed for a handover decision, at least one discardable QoS flow not to be guaranteed for the handover decision, at least one priority of at least one QoS flow to be guaranteed for the handover decision, at least one QoS parameter to be guaranteed for the handover decision, or at least one UL allocation and retention priority (ARP) of at least one QoS flow applied at the UE.
[0208] In some embodiments, the method may further include determining the first information based on at least one of the following: at least one characteristic of the at least one NTN RAN node or at least one cell received from the base station comprising at least one RAT type, orbit information, at least one altitude, at least one service time, at least one service duration, and at least one service stop time, wherein the at least one cell is provided by the at least one NTN RAN node, at least one QoS parameter in a QoS profile received from a core network, second information of at least one service fulfilment associated with the at least one NTN RAN node, or third information of a mapping between at least one QoS requirement and at least one characteristic of at least one NTN RAN node.
[0209] In some embodiments, the second information may comprise at least one of the following: at least one RAT type of the at least one NTN RAN node or at least one cell, wherein the at least one cell is provided by the at least one NTN RAN node, orbit information of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one altitude of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one architecture of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service duration of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service stop time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one QoS flow supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one QoS flow not supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one priority of at least one QoS flow guaranteeing for the handover decision, at least one QoS parameter supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one ARP of at least one QoS flow applied at the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, a mapping of a UL QoS flow to a data radio bearer (DRB) applied at the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, a mapping of a DL QoS flow to a DRB applied at the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, a configuration of QoS-based condition handover (CHO) , or at least one CHO condition regarding at least one QoS fulfilment.
[0210] In some embodiments, the third information may comprise at least one of the following: QoS information supported by at least one RAT type, QoS information supported by at least one orbit, QoS information supported by at least one altitude, QoS information supported by at least one remaining service time, an indication of at least one RAT type, an indication of at least one orbit altitude, or an indication of at least one remaining service time.
[0211] In some embodiments, the third information may be received from the base station, and the third information comprises at least one of the QoS information supported by at least one RAT type, the QoS information supported by at least one orbit, the QoS information supported by at least one altitude, or the QoS information supported by at least one remaining service time, the third information may be received from UE non-access stratum (NAS) to UE access stratum (AS) for determining the first information at the UE AS, and the third information comprises at least one of the QoS information supported by at least one RAT type, the QoS information supported by at least one orbit, the QoS information supported by at least one altitude, or the QoS information supported by at least one remaining service time, or the third information may be received from the UE AS to the UE NAS or from the UE NAS to the UE AS for determining the first information at the UE NAS, and the third information comprises at least one of the indication of at least one RAT type; the indication of at least one orbit altitude; or the indication of at least one remaining service time.
[0212] In some embodiments, the method may further include transmitting the first information based on one of the following: receiving a request from the base station, receiving a service guaranteeing request from UE NAS, obtaining an orbit or an altitude of an NTN RAN node, determining a change of a service preference or a QoS requirement at the UE, determining that the UE is at a cell edge, determining that a measurement report or an assistance information report of the UE is triggered, or determining that a start of a transmission periodicity is reached.
[0213] In some embodiments, the method may further include transmitting the first information via one of the following: a dedicated report, a measurement report of the UE, or an assistance information report of the UE.
[0214] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method 900 that supports a service requirement associated with a for an NTN RAN node in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 900 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 900 may be performed by a network entity 102 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0215] At 905, the method may include receiving first information of at least one service requirement associated with at least one NTN RAN node. The operations of 905 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 905 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0216] At 910, the method may include determining a handover decision based on the first information. The operations of 910 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 910 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0217] In some embodiments, the first information may be received from a user equipment (UE) , and the first information comprises at least one of the following: at least one radio access technology (RAT) type of the at least one NTN RAN node or at least one cell, wherein the at least one cell is provided by the at least one NTN RAN node, orbit information of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one altitude of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service duration of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service stop time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, an uplink (UL) quality of service (QoS) rule applied at the UE, a UL QoS rule with at least one precedence value applied at the UE, a UL packet detection rule (PDR) applied at the UE, a UL PDR with at least one precedence value applied at the UE, at least one QoS flow to be guaranteed for a handover decision, at least one discardable QoS flow not to be guaranteed for the handover decision, at least one priority of at least one QoS flow to be guaranteed for the handover decision, at least one QoS parameter to be guaranteed for the handover decision, or at least one UL allocation and retention priority (ARP) of at least one QoS flow applied at the UE.
[0218] In some embodiments, the first information may be received from a network device performing a network function, and the first information may comprise at least one of the following: at least one RAT type of the at least one NTN RAN node or at least one cell required by a UE, wherein the at least one cell is provided by the at least one NTN RAN node, orbit information of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell required by a UE, at least one altitude of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell required by a UE, at least one service time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell required by a UE, at least one service duration of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell required by a UE, at least one service stop time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell required by a UE, an UL QoS rule applied at a UE, an DL QoS rule applied at the network device, a UL QoS rule with at least one precedence value applied at the UE, a DL QoS rule with at least one precedence value applied at the network device, a UL PDR applied at the UE, a DL PDR applied at the network device, a UL PDR with at least one precedence value applied at the UE, a DL PDR with at least one precedence value applied at the network device, at least one QoS flow to be guaranteed for the handover decision, at least one discardable QoS flow not to be guaranteed for the handover decision, at least one priority of at least one QoS flow to be guaranteed for the handover decision, at least one QoS parameter to be guaranteed for the handover decision, at least one UL ARP of at least one QoS flow applied at the UE, or at least one DL ARP of at least one QoS flow applied at the network device.
[0219] In some embodiments, the network function may comprise one of an access and mobility management function (AMF) , a session management function (SMF) , or a user plane function (UPF) .
[0220] In some embodiments, the method may further include transmitting, to the UE, a request for the first information via one of a dedicated signalling message, system information, a measurement configuration for the UE, or an assistance reporting configuration for the UE.
[0221] In some embodiments, the method may further include transmitting, to the network device, a request for the first information for the UE by a dedicated signalling message.
[0222] In some embodiments, the first information may be received from the UE via a dedicated report, a measurement report of the UE, or an assistance information report of the UE, or the first information may be received from the network device via a dedicated report.
[0223] In some embodiments, the base station is a first base station, the method and apparatuses described herein may further include transmitting the first information to a second base station, and receiving, from the second base station, a response to the first information, wherein the response indicates whether the second base station fulfills the at least one service requirement in the first information.
[0224] In some embodiments, the handover decision based on the first information may be determined by: determining the handover decision based on the first information and at least one of the following: at least one characteristic of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell comprising at least one RAT type, orbit information, at least one altitude, at least one service time, at least one service duration, and at least one service stop time, at least one QoS parameter received from a core network, at least one measurement report from the UE, or second information of at least one service fulfilment associated with the at least one NTN RAN node.
[0225] In some embodiments, the second information may comprise at least one of the following: at least one RAT type of the at least one NTN RAN node or at least one cell, wherein the at least one cell is provided by the at least one NTN RAN node, orbit information of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one altitude of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one architecture of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service duration of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service stop time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one QoS flow supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one QoS flow not supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one priority of at least one QoS flow guaranteeing for the handover decision, at least one QoS parameter supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one ARP of at least one QoS flow supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, a mapping of a UL QoS flow to a data radio bearer (DRB) supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, a mapping of a DL QoS flow to a DRB supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, a configuration of QoS-based condition handover (CHO) , or at least one CHO condition regarding at least one QoS fulfilment.
[0226] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1000 that supports a service requirement associated with a for an NTN RAN node in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1000 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1000 may be performed by a core network 106 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0227] At 1005, the method may include determining first information of at least one service requirement associated with at least one NTN RAN node. The operations of 1005 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1005 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0228] At 1010, the method may include transmitting the first information to a base station serving a UE. The operations of 1010 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1010 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0229] In some embodiments, the first information may comprise at least one of the following: at least one radio access technology (RAT) type of the at least one NTN RAN node or at least one cell required by a UE, wherein the at least one cell is provided by the at least one NTN RAN node, orbit information of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell required by a UE, at least one altitude of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell required by a UE, at least one service time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell required by a UE, at least one service duration of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell required by a UE, at least one service stop time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell required by a UE, an uplink (UL) quality of service (QoS) rule applied at a UE, a downlink (DL) QoS rule applied at the network device, a UL QoS rule with at least one precedence value applied at the UE, a DL QoS rule with at least one precedence value applied at the network device, a UL packet detection rule (PDR) applied at the UE, a DL PDR applied at the network device, a UL PDR with at least one precedence value applied at the UE, a DL PDR with at least one precedence value applied at the network device, at least one QoS flow to be guaranteed for the handover decision, at least one discardable QoS flow not to be guaranteed for the handover decision, at least one priority of at least one QoS flow to be guaranteed for the handover decision, at least one QoS parameter to be guaranteed for the handover decision, at least one UL allocation and retention priority (ARP) of at least one QoS flow applied at the UE, or at least one DL ARP of at least one QoS flow applied at the network device.
[0230] In some embodiments, the network function may comprise one of an access and mobility management function (AMF) , a session management function (SMF) , or a user plane function (UPF) .
[0231] FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1100 that supports a service requirement associated with a for an NTN RAN node in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1100 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1100 may be performed by a network entity 102 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0232] At 1105, the method may include receiving, from a first base station, first information of at least one service requirement associated with at least one NTN RAN node. The operations of 1105 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1105 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0233] At 1110, the method may include transmitting, to the first base station, a response to the first information, wherein the response indicates whether the second base station fulfills the at least one service requirement in the first information. The operations of 1110 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1110 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0234] FIG. 12 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1200 that supports a service requirement associated with a for an NTN RAN node in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1200 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1200 may be performed by a UE 104 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0235] At 1205, the method may include receiving, to a base station serving the UE, second information of at least one service fulfilment associated with at least one NTN RAN node. The operations of 1205 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1205 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0236] At 1210, the method may include determining a conditional handover decision based on the second information. The operations of 1210 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1210 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0237] In some embodiments, the second information may comprise at least one of the following: at least one radio access technology (RAT) type of the at least one NTN RAN node or at least one cell, wherein the at least one cell is provided by the at least one NTN RAN node, orbit information of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one altitude of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one architecture of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service duration of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service stop time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one quality of service (QoS) flow supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one QoS flow not supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one priority of at least one QoS flow guaranteeing for the handover decision, at least one QoS parameter supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one allocation and retention priority (ARP) of at least one QoS flow applied at the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, a mapping of an uplink (UL) QoS flow to a data radio bearer (DRB) applied at the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, a mapping of a downlink (DL) QoS flow to a DRB applied at the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, a configuration of QoS-based condition handover (CHO) , or at least one CHO condition regarding at least one QoS fulfilment.
[0238] In some embodiments, the method may further include transmitting, via the transceiver to the base station, a request for the second information.
[0239] In some embodiments, the request for the second information may be transmitted via one of a dedicated signalling message, a measurement report of the UE, or an assistance information report of the UE.
[0240] In some embodiments, the second information may be received via one of a dedicated signalling message, system information, or a CHO configuration.
[0241] In some embodiments, the method may further include determining the conditional handover decision based on the second information by at least one of the following: performing the conditional handover decision based on determining that the configuration of the QoS-based CHO is fulfilled using the second information, or performing the conditional handover decision based on determining that the at least one CHO condition is fulfilled using the second information.
[0242] FIG. 13 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1300 that supports a service requirement associated with a for an NTN RAN node in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1300 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1300 may be performed by a network entity 102 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0243] At 1305, the method may include determining second information of at least one service fulfilment associated with at least one NTN RAN node. The operations of 1305 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1305 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0244] At 1310, the method may include transmitting the second information to a UE. The operations of 1310 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1310 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0245] In some embodiments, the second information may comprise at least one of the following: at least one radio access technology (RAT) type of the at least one NTN RAN node or at least one cell, wherein the at least one cell is provided by the at least one NTN RAN node, orbit information of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one altitude of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one architecture of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service duration of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one service stop time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one quality of service (QoS) flow supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one QoS flow not supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one priority of at least one QoS flow guaranteeing for the handover decision, at least one QoS parameter supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, at least one allocation and retention priority (ARP) of at least one QoS flow applied at the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, a mapping of an uplink (UL) QoS flow to a data radio bearer (DRB) applied at the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, a mapping of a downlink (DL) QoS flow to a DRB applied at the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell, a configuration of QoS-based condition handover (CHO) , or at least one CHO condition regarding at least one QoS fulfilment.
[0246] In some embodiments, the method may further include transmitting the second information based on one of the following: receiving a request from the UE, receiving a service guaranteeing request from UE or a network device performing a network function, determining a change of a service fulfilment, determining that the UE is at a cell edge, determining that a CHO configuration is triggered, or determining that a start of a transmission periodicity is reached.
[0247] In some embodiments, the request may be received via one of a dedicated signalling message, a measurement report of the UE, or an assistance information report of the UE.
[0248] In some embodiments, the second information may be transmitted via one of a dedicated signalling message, system information, or a CHO configuration.
[0249] In some embodiments, the base station may be a first base station, the method and apparatuses described herein may further include receiving the second information from a second base station.
[0250] In some embodiments, the method may further include transmitting, via the transceiver to the second base station, a request for the second information.
[0251] In some embodiments, the second information may be received via a Xn interface, the second information may be received via a NG interface, the request for the second information may be transmitted via a Xn interface, or the request for the second information may be transmitted via a NG interface.
[0252] In some embodiments, the method may further include determining the CHO configuration based on the second information and at least one of the following: at least one characteristic of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell comprising at least one RAT type, orbit information, at least one altitude, at least one service time, at least one service duration, and at least one service stop time, at least one QoS parameter received from a core network, or at least one measurement report from the UE.
[0253] FIG. 14 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1400 that supports a service requirement associated with a for an NTN RAN node in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1400 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1400 may be performed by a network entity 102 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0254] At 1405, the method may include receiving, from a first base station, a request for second information of at least one service fulfilment associated with at least one NTN RAN node. The operations of 1405 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1405 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0255] At 1410, the method may include transmitting the second information to the first base station. The operations of 1410 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1410 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0256] It should be noted that the methods described herein describes possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0257] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0258] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0259] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
[0260] As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on”shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0261] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A user equipment (UE) comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:determine first information of at least one service requirement associated with at least one non-terrestrial network (NTN) radio access network (RAN) node, andtransmit, via the transceiver, the first information to a base station serving the UE.2.The UE of claim 1, wherein the first information comprises at least one of the following:at least one radio access technology (RAT) type of the at least one NTN RAN node or at least one cell, wherein the at least one cell is provided by the at least one NTN RAN node;orbit information of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one altitude of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one service time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one service duration of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one service stop time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;an uplink (UL) quality of service (QoS) rule applied at the UE;a UL QoS rule with at least one precedence value applied at the UE;a UL packet detection rule (PDR) applied at the UE;a UL PDR with at least one precedence value applied at the UE;at least one QoS flow to be guaranteed for a handover decision;at least one discardable QoS flow not to be guaranteed for the handover decision;at least one priority of at least one QoS flow to be guaranteed for the handover decision;at least one QoS parameter to be guaranteed for the handover decision; orat least one UL allocation and retention priority (ARP) of at least one QoS flow applied at the UE.3.The UE of claim 1 or 2, wherein the processor is configured to determine the first information based on at least one of the following:at least one characteristic of the at least one NTN RAN node or at least one cell received from the base station comprising at least one RAT type, orbit information, at least one altitude, at least one service time, at least one service duration, and at least one service stop time, wherein the at least one cell is provided by the at least one NTN RAN node;at least one QoS parameter in a QoS profile received from a core network;second information of at least one service fulfilment associated with the at least one NTN RAN node; orthird information of a mapping between at least one QoS requirement and at least one characteristic of at least one NTN RAN node.4.The UE of claim 3, wherein the second information comprises at least one of the following:at least one RAT type of the at least one NTN RAN node or at least one cell, wherein the at least one cell is provided by the at least one NTN RAN node;orbit information of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one altitude of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one architecture of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one service time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one service duration of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one service stop time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one QoS flow supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one QoS flow not supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one priority of at least one QoS flow guaranteeing for the handover decision;at least one QoS parameter supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one ARP of at least one QoS flow applied at the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;a mapping of a UL QoS flow to a data radio bearer (DRB) applied at the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;a mapping of a DL QoS flow to a DRB applied at the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;a configuration of QoS-based condition handover (CHO) ; orat least one CHO condition regarding at least one QoS fulfilment.5.The UE of claim 3, wherein the third information comprises at least one of the following:QoS information supported by at least one RAT type;QoS information supported by at least one orbit;QoS information supported by at least one altitude;QoS information supported by at least one remaining service time;an indication of at least one RAT type;an indication of at least one orbit altitude; oran indication of at least one remaining service time.6.The UE of claim 1 or 2, wherein the processor is configured to transmit the first information based on one of the following:receiving a request from the base station;receiving a service guaranteeing request from UE NAS;obtaining an orbit or an altitude of an NTN RAN node;determining a change of a service preference or a QoS requirement at the UE;determining that the UE is at a cell edge;determining that a measurement report or an assistance information report of the UE is triggered; ordetermining that a start of a transmission periodicity is reached.7.A base station comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:receive, via the transceiver, first information of at least one service requirement associated with at least one non-terrestrial network (NTN) radio access network (RAN) node; anddetermine a handover decision based on the first information.8.The base station of claim 7, wherein the first information is received from a user equipment (UE) , and the first information comprises at least one of the following:at least one radio access technology (RAT) type of the at least one NTN RAN node or at least one cell, wherein the at least one cell is provided by the at least one NTN RAN node;orbit information of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one altitude of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one service time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one service duration of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one service stop time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;an uplink (UL) quality of service (QoS) rule applied at the UE;a UL QoS rule with at least one precedence value applied at the UE;a UL packet detection rule (PDR) applied at the UE;a UL PDR with at least one precedence value applied at the UE;at least one QoS flow to be guaranteed for a handover decision;at least one discardable QoS flow not to be guaranteed for the handover decision;at least one priority of at least one QoS flow to be guaranteed for the handover decision;at least one QoS parameter to be guaranteed for the handover decision; orat least one UL allocation and retention priority (ARP) of at least one QoS flow applied at the UE.9.The base station of claim 7, wherein the first information is received from a network device performing a network function, and the first information comprises at least one of the following:at least one RAT type of the at least one NTN RAN node or at least one cell required by a UE, wherein the at least one cell is provided by the at least one NTN RAN node;orbit information of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell required by a UE;at least one altitude of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell required by a UE;at least one service time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell required by a UE;at least one service duration of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell required by a UE;at least one service stop time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell required by a UE;an UL QoS rule applied at a UE;an DL QoS rule applied at the network device;a UL QoS rule with at least one precedence value applied at the UE;a DL QoS rule with at least one precedence value applied at the network device;a UL PDR applied at the UE;a DL PDR applied at the network device;a UL PDR with at least one precedence value applied at the UE;a DL PDR with at least one precedence value applied at the network device;at least one QoS flow to be guaranteed for the handover decision;at least one discardable QoS flow not to be guaranteed for the handover decision;at least one priority of at least one QoS flow to be guaranteed for the handover decision;at least one QoS parameter to be guaranteed for the handover decision;at least one UL ARP of at least one QoS flow applied at the UE; orat least one DL ARP of at least one QoS flow applied at the network device.10.The base station of claim 7 or 9, wherein the base station is a first base station, and the processor is further configured to:transmit, via the transceiver, the first information to a second base station; andreceive, from the second base station, a response to the first information, wherein the response indicates whether the second base station fulfills the at least one service requirement in the first information.11.The base station of claim 8 or 9, wherein the processor is configured to determine the handover decision based on the first information by:determining the handover decision based on the first information and at least one of the following:at least one characteristic of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell comprising at least one RAT type, orbit information, at least one altitude, at least one service time, at least one service duration, and at least one service stop time;at least one QoS parameter received from a core network;at least one measurement report from the UE; orsecond information of at least one service fulfilment associated with the at least one NTN RAN node.12.The base station of claim 11, wherein the second information comprises at least one of the following:at least one RAT type of the at least one NTN RAN node or at least one cell, wherein the at least one cell is provided by the at least one NTN RAN node;orbit information of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one altitude of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one architecture of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one service time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one service duration of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one service stop time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one QoS flow supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one QoS flow not supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one priority of at least one QoS flow guaranteeing for the handover decision;at least one QoS parameter supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one ARP of at least one QoS flow supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;a mapping of a UL QoS flow to a data radio bearer (DRB) supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;a mapping of a DL QoS flow to a DRB supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;a configuration of QoS-based condition handover (CHO) ; orat least one CHO condition regarding at least one QoS fulfilment.13.A user equipment (UE) comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:receive, via the transceiver to a base station serving the UE, second information of at least one service fulfilment associated with at least one non-terrestrial network (NTN) radio access network (RAN) node; anddetermine a conditional handover decision based on the second information.14.The UE of claim 13, wherein the second information comprises at least one of the following:at least one radio access technology (RAT) type of the at least one NTN RAN node or at least one cell, wherein the at least one cell is provided by the at least one NTN RAN node;orbit information of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one altitude of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one architecture of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one service time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one service duration of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one service stop time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one quality of service (QoS) flow supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one QoS flow not supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one priority of at least one QoS flow guaranteeing for the handover decision;at least one QoS parameter supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one allocation and retention priority (ARP) of at least one QoS flow applied at the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;a mapping of an uplink (UL) QoS flow to a data radio bearer (DRB) applied at the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;a mapping of a downlink (DL) QoS flow to a DRB applied at the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;a configuration of QoS-based condition handover (CHO) ; orat least one CHO condition regarding at least one QoS fulfilment.15.The UE of claim 13 or 14, wherein the second information is received via one of a dedicated signalling message, system information, or a CHO configuration.16.The UE of claim 13 or 14, wherein the processor is configured to determine the conditional handover decision based on the second information by at least one of the following:performing the conditional handover decision based on determining that the configuration of the QoS-based CHO is fulfilled using the second information; orperforming the conditional handover decision based on determining that the at least one CHO condition is fulfilled using the second information.17.A base station comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:determine second information of at least one service fulfilment associated with at least one non-terrestrial network (NTN) radio access network (RAN) node; andtransmit, via the transceiver, the second information to a user equipment (UE) .18.The base station of claim 17, wherein the second information comprises at least one of the following:at least one radio access technology (RAT) type of the at least one NTN RAN node or at least one cell, wherein the at least one cell is provided by the at least one NTN RAN node;orbit information of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one altitude of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one architecture of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one service time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one service duration of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one service stop time of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one quality of service (QoS) flow supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one QoS flow not supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one priority of at least one QoS flow guaranteeing for the handover decision;at least one QoS parameter supported by the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;at least one allocation and retention priority (ARP) of at least one QoS flow applied at the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;a mapping of an uplink (UL) QoS flow to a data radio bearer (DRB) applied at the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;a mapping of a downlink (DL) QoS flow to a DRB applied at the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell;a configuration of QoS-based condition handover (CHO) ; orat least one CHO condition regarding at least one QoS fulfilment.19.The base station of claim 17 or 18, wherein the processor is configured to transmit the second information based on one of the following:receiving a request from the UE;receiving a service guaranteeing request from UE or a network device performing a network function;determining a change of a service fulfilment;determining that the UE is at a cell edge;determining that a CHO configuration is triggered; ordetermining that a start of a transmission periodicity is reached.20.The base station of claim 17 or 18, wherein the processor is further configured to:determine the CHO configuration based on the second information and at least one of the following:at least one characteristic of the at least one NTN RAN node or the at least one cell comprising at least one RAT type, orbit information, at least one altitude, at least one service time, at least one service duration, and at least one service stop time;at least one QoS parameter received from a core network; orat least one measurement report from the UE.
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