Radio link failure prediction-based method and apparatus

Abstract

The present application discloses a radio link failure prediction-based method and apparatus: a terminal receiving first signaling, the first signaling indicating a first threshold and a second threshold; receiving second signaling, the second signaling enabling radio link failure prediction; if a radio link failure is predicted, maintaining that a first timer comprises a first set of operations; if a radio link failure is not predicted, maintaining that a first timer does not comprise at least one of the first set of operations. The first set of operations comprises: if a first counter reaches a first threshold, starting the first timer; if the first timer is running and a second counter reaches a second threshold, stopping the first timer; if the first timer expires, determining a radio link failure. The method provided by the present application reduces the impact of determining a radio link failure on a terminal.

Description

A method and apparatus based on wireless link failure prediction

[0001] The present application claims priority from the Chinese patent application No. 202410783490.0 filed on June 17, 2024, and entitled "A method and apparatus based on wireless link failure prediction", the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present application relates to a transmission method and apparatus in a wireless communication system, and in particular to a method of predicting a radio link failure (RLF). BACKGROUND

[0003] The application scenarios of future wireless communication systems are more and more diversified, and different application scenarios put forward different performance requirements for the system. When the UE (User Equipment) is in some poor communication environment, such as high-speed movement, or moving between high-density cells, or the target cell is full of load, it will cause many unexpected handover failures (HOF), radio link failures and other problems. Research has shown that AI (Artificial Intelligence) / ML (Machine Learning) algorithms have important application potential in many aspects such as modeling, learning, channel prediction, network state tracking and intelligent scheduling, network optimization deployment in complex unknown environments, and are expected to promote the research of future wireless communication technology. In view of this, the 3GPP (the 3rd Generation Partnership Project) has passed the SI (Study Item) of "Study on AI / ML for mobility in NR (New Radio)". In-depth research and analysis have been carried out on the application of AI / ML technology in wireless air interface and wireless networking, and RLF prediction or HOF prediction technology is an important technology among them. SUMMARY

[0004] Timer T310 is used for RLF detection. The inventors have found through research that since RLF detection is performed at the UE (User Equipment) side, RLF detection improves mobility performance while also bringing additional power consumption, signaling and other overhead to the UE, and / or affecting the service continuity of the UE. Therefore, it is necessary to further enhance the reduction of the impact of RLF detection on the UE.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present application provides a solution. In the description of the above problems, the NR system is taken as an example, and the present application is also applicable to scenarios such as LTE (Long-Term Evolution) or LTE-A (Long-Term Evolution Advanced) or 5G+ or 6G system, and similar technical effects of the NR system are obtained; further, although the present application gives a specific implementation for RLF prediction, it can also be used in scenarios such as HOF prediction, and similar technical effects of RLF prediction are obtained. Further, the unified design scheme for different scenarios also helps to reduce hardware complexity and cost. Further, although the original intention of the present application is to target the Uu air interface, the present application can also be used for the PC5 interface, and similar technical effects of the Uu air interface are obtained. Further, although the original intention of the present application is to target the terminal and base station scenario, the present application is also applicable to the V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) scenario, the communication scenario between the terminal and the relay, and the communication scenario between the relay and the base station, and similar technical effects in the terminal and base station scenario are obtained. Further, although the original intention of the present application is to target the terminal and base station scenario, the present application is also applicable to the IAB (Integrated Access and Backhaul) communication scenario, and similar technical effects in the terminal and base station scenario are obtained. Further, although the original intention of the present application is to target the TN (Terrestrial Network) scenario, the present application is also applicable to the NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network) communication scenario, and similar technical effects in the TN scenario are obtained. In addition, the unified solution for different scenarios also helps to reduce hardware complexity and cost.

[0006] As an embodiment, the explanation of the terminology in the present application refers to the definition of the specification agreement TS36 series of 3GPP.

[0007] As an embodiment, the explanation of the terminology in the present application refers to the definition of the specification agreement TS38 series of 3GPP.

[0008] As an embodiment, the explanation of the terminology in the present application refers to the definition of the specification agreement TS37 series of 3GPP.

[0009] As an embodiment, the explanation of the terminology in the present application refers to the definition of the specification agreement 6G series of 3GPP.

[0010] It should be noted that the embodiments in any node and the features in the embodiments of the present application can be applied to any other node without conflict. The embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0011] The present application discloses a method used in a terminal, characterized in that,

[0012] comprising:

[0013] receiving first signaling; wherein the first signaling indicates a first threshold and a second threshold;

[0014] maintaining a first timer;

[0015] wherein whether the maintaining the first timer comprises a first set of operations depends at least on whether RLF (Radio Link Failure) is predicted; the first set of operations comprises: starting the first timer if a first counter reaches the first threshold; stopping the first timer if the first timer is running and a second counter reaches the second threshold; determining RLF if the first timer expires; the first counter comprises a number of consecutive out-of-sync indications received; the second counter comprises a number of consecutive in-sync indications received;

[0016] wherein whether the maintaining the first timer comprises the first set of operations depends at least on whether RLF is predicted comprises:

[0017] if at least RLF is predicted, the maintaining the first timer comprises the first set of operations;

[0018] if at least RLF is not predicted, the maintaining the first timer does not comprise at least one of the first set of operations.

[0019] As an embodiment, the problem to be solved by the present application includes: how to reduce the impact of RLF detection on the terminal; in the above method, the terminal determines whether to perform the first set of operations according to whether RLF is predicted, thereby solving the above problem.

[0020] As an embodiment, in the above method, the terminal does not perform at least one of the first set of operations in the case where RLF is not predicted, which is beneficial to reduce the impact of RLF detection on the terminal.

[0021] As an embodiment, the above method is simple to implement.

[0022] As one embodiment, the above method is advantageous to avoid triggering unnecessary RLF detection, thereby ensuring service continuity of the terminal. As one embodiment, whether the maintaining the first timer comprises the first set of operations depends at least on whether the RLF is predicted, which means that whether the maintaining the first timer comprises the first set of operations depends on whether the RLF is predicted; whether the maintaining the first timer comprises the first set of operations depends at least on whether the RLF is predicted, which means that whether the maintaining the first timer comprises the first set of operations depends on whether the RLF is predicted and whether a confidence satisfies a fifth threshold; whether the maintaining the first timer comprises the first set of operations depends at least on whether the RLF is predicted, which means that whether the maintaining the first timer comprises the first set of operations depends on whether the RLF is predicted and whether a confidence satisfies a fifth threshold.

[0023] If the RLF is predicted, the maintaining the first timer comprises the first set of operations;

[0024] If the RLF is not predicted, the maintaining the first timer does not comprise at least one of the first set of operations.

[0025] As one embodiment, whether the maintaining the first timer comprises the first set of operations depends at least on whether the RLF is predicted, which means that whether the maintaining the first timer comprises the first set of operations depends on whether the RLF is predicted and whether a confidence satisfies a fifth threshold; whether the maintaining the first timer comprises the first set of operations depends at least on whether the RLF is predicted, which means that whether the maintaining the first timer comprises the first set of operations depends on whether the RLF is predicted and whether a confidence satisfies a fifth threshold.

[0026] If the RLF is predicted and the confidence satisfies the fifth threshold, the maintaining the first timer comprises the first set of operations;

[0027] If the RLF is not predicted and the confidence satisfies the fifth threshold, the maintaining the first timer comprises the first set of operations;

[0028] If the RLF is not predicted and the confidence does not satisfy the fifth threshold, the maintaining the first timer does not comprise at least one of the first set of operations.

[0029] As one sub-embodiment of the above embodiment, the confidence satisfies the fifth threshold means that the confidence is less than the fifth threshold.

[0030] As one sub-embodiment of the above embodiment, the confidence satisfies the fifth threshold means that the confidence is less than or equal to the fifth threshold.

[0031] As one embodiment, whether the maintaining the first timer comprises the first set of operations depends at least on whether the RLF is predicted, which means that whether the maintaining the first timer comprises the first set of operations depends on whether the RLF is predicted and whether a confidence satisfies a fifth threshold; whether the maintaining the first timer comprises the first set of operations depends at least on whether the RLF is predicted, which means that whether the maintaining the first timer comprises the first set of operations depends on whether the RLF is predicted and whether a confidence satisfies a fifth threshold.

[0032] If the RLF is predicted and the confidence satisfies the fifth threshold, the maintaining the first timer comprises the first set of operations;

[0033] if the RLF is predicted and the confidence does not satisfy the fifth threshold, the maintaining the first timer does not include at least one of the first set of operations;

[0034] if the RLF is not predicted, the maintaining the first timer does not include at least one of the first set of operations.

[0035] As one subembodiment of the above embodiment, the confidence satisfying the fifth threshold means that the confidence is greater than the fifth threshold.

[0036] As one subembodiment of the above embodiment, the confidence satisfying the fifth threshold means that the confidence is greater than or equal to the fifth threshold.

[0037] As one embodiment, the first signaling belongs to an RRCReconfiguration message.

[0038] As one embodiment, the first signaling belongs to an SIB1 message.

[0039] As one embodiment, the first signaling belongs to an RLF-TimersAndConstants IE.

[0040] As one embodiment, the first signaling is an RLF-TimersAndConstants IE.

[0041] As one embodiment, the first signaling includes an n310 field, the n310 field indicating the first threshold.

[0042] As one embodiment, the first signaling includes an n311 field, the n311 field indicating the second threshold.

[0043] As one embodiment, the first signaling includes a t310 field, the t310 field indicating the first timer.

[0044] As one embodiment, the first timer is T310.

[0045] As one embodiment, the first counter is counter N310.

[0046] As one embodiment, the first threshold is N310.

[0047] As one embodiment, the second counter is counter N311.

[0048] As one embodiment, the second threshold is N311.

[0049] As one embodiment, the "if the RLF is not predicted, the maintaining the first timer does not include at least one of the first operation set" includes: if the RLF is not predicted, at least one of the following behaviors is not performed:

[0050] -. if the first counter reaches the first threshold, starting the first timer;

[0051] -. if the first timer is running and the second counter reaches the second threshold, stopping the first timer;

[0052] -. if the first timer expires, determining the RLF.

[0053] As one embodiment, the "if the RLF is not predicted, the maintaining the first timer does not include at least one of the first operation set" includes: if the RLF is not predicted and if the first counter reaches the first threshold, the first timer is not started.

[0054] As one embodiment, the "if the RLF is not predicted, the maintaining the first timer does not include at least one of the first operation set" includes: if the RLF is not predicted and if the first timer is running and the second counter reaches the second threshold, the first timer is not stopped.

[0055] As one embodiment, the "if the RLF is not predicted, the maintaining the first timer does not include at least one of the first operation set" includes: if the RLF is not predicted and if the first timer expires, the RLF is not determined.

[0056] According to one aspect of the present application, it is characterized in that,

[0057] The method comprises:

[0058] if the RLF is not predicted, not performing radio link monitoring (RLM);

[0059] The not performing radio link monitoring is used to determine that the maintaining the first timer does not include at least one of the first operation set.

[0060] As one embodiment, the problem to be solved by the present application includes: how to determine that the maintaining the first timer does not include at least one of the first operation set when the RLF is not predicted; in the above method, the not performing radio link monitoring used to determine that the maintaining the first timer does not include at least one of the first operation set when the RLF is not predicted, thereby solving the above problem.

[0061] As one embodiment, the method facilitates reducing power consumption of the terminal.

[0062] As one embodiment, the first set of operations includes the performing radio link monitoring; if RLF is predicted, the maintaining the first timer includes the performing radio link monitoring; if RLF is not predicted, the maintaining the first timer does not include the performing radio link monitoring.

[0063] As one embodiment, if the radio link monitoring is not performed, the first timer is not maintained.

[0064] As one embodiment, if the radio link monitoring is not performed, at least one of the first set of operations is not performed.

[0065] As one embodiment, the not performing radio link monitoring is used to determine not sending a synchronization indication and an out-of-sync indication to a higher layer.

[0066] As one embodiment, the not performing radio link monitoring means suspending radio link monitoring.

[0067] As one embodiment, the not performing radio link monitoring means stopping radio link monitoring.

[0068] As one embodiment, the radio link monitoring includes measurements for each reference signal used for RLM.

[0069] As one embodiment, the radio link monitoring includes link quality for each reference signal used for RLM.

[0070] As one embodiment, the radio link monitoring includes evaluating link quality for each reference signal used for RLM over an out-of-sync evaluation period.

[0071] As one embodiment, the radio link monitoring includes evaluating link quality for each reference signal used for RLM over an in-sync evaluation period.

[0072] As one embodiment, the radio link monitoring includes the physical layer of the terminal sending an out-of-sync indication to a higher layer of the terminal when link quality for each reference signal used for RLM evaluated over an out-of-sync evaluation period is worse than Qout configured by rlmInSyncOutOfSyncThreshold.

[0073] As one embodiment, the wireless link monitoring comprises: when the link quality evaluated in a synchronization evaluation period for at least one reference signal used for RLM is better than Qin configured by rlmInSyncOutOfSyncThreshold, the physical layer of the terminal sends a synchronization indication to the higher layer of the terminal.

[0074] According to one aspect of the present application, it is characterized in that,

[0075] The first set of operations comprises: when receiving an out-of-sync indication and the first timer is not running, increasing the first counter; and when receiving an in-sync indication and the first timer is running, increasing the second counter.

[0076] As one embodiment, if RLF is predicted and an out-of-sync indication is received and the first timer is not running, the first counter is increased; and if RLF is predicted and an in-sync indication is received and the first timer is running, the second counter is increased.

[0077] As one embodiment, if RLF is not predicted and an out-of-sync indication is received and the first timer is not running, the first counter is increased; and if RLF is not predicted and an in-sync indication is received and the first timer is running, the second counter is increased.

[0078] As one embodiment, if RLF is not predicted and an out-of-sync indication is received and the first timer is not running, the first counter is not increased; and if RLF is not predicted and an in-sync indication is received and the first timer is running, the second counter is increased.

[0079] As one embodiment, the above method avoids expiration of the first timer by not increasing the first counter.

[0080] According to one aspect of the present application, it is characterized in that,

[0081] The predicting RLF comprises: predicting that RLF will occur within a first time window.

[0082] As one embodiment, the problem to be solved by the present application comprises: how to determine that RLF is predicted; in the above method, the predicting RLF comprises: predicting that RLF will occur within a first time window, thereby solving the above problem.

[0083] As one embodiment, the above method introduces the first time window, which is beneficial to improve the effectiveness of predicting RLF.

[0084] As one embodiment, the predicting the RLF comprises predicting that the RLF will occur within a first time window.

[0085] As one embodiment, the not predicting the RLF comprises predicting that the RLF will not occur within a first time window.

[0086] As one embodiment, the not predicting the RLF comprises predicting that the RLF will not occur within a first time window.

[0087] As one embodiment, the predicting that the RLF will occur within a first time window comprises predicting that a probability of the RLF occurring within the first time window exceeds a threshold.

[0088] As one embodiment, the predicting that the RLF will occur within a first time window comprises predicting that the first timer expires; wherein the first time window is a remaining running time of the first timer.

[0089] As one embodiment, the predicting that the RLF will occur within a first time window comprises predicting that the first timer expires within the first time window.

[0090] As one embodiment, a length of the first time window is fixed.

[0091] As one embodiment, a length of the first time window is configurable.

[0092] As one embodiment, the first time window is a positive integer number of milliseconds.

[0093] As one embodiment, the first time window is a positive integer number of slots.

[0094] As one embodiment, the first time window comprises at least a part of future time.

[0095] As one embodiment, the first time window comprises only future time.

[0096] As one embodiment, the first time window comprises a predicted time interval.

[0097] As one embodiment, the first time window comprises a time interval after a current time.

[0098] As one embodiment, the first time window is an expected running time of a timer.

[0099] As one embodiment, the first time window is a running time of a timer.

[0100] As one embodiment, the first time window is a remaining time of T310.

[0101] As an embodiment, the first time window is related to the first timer.

[0102] As an embodiment, the first time window is a running time of the first timer.

[0103] As an embodiment, the first time window is a remaining running time of the first timer.

[0104] According to an aspect of the present application, a method comprises:

[0105] The method comprises:

[0106] Receiving at least a first reference signal;

[0107] The predicting that an RLF will occur within a first time window comprises: a number of consecutive predicted out-of-sync indications within the first time window reaching a third threshold.

[0108] Wherein, the predicted out-of-sync indication is dependent on the at least first reference signal.

[0109] As an embodiment, the not predicting an RLF comprises: a number of consecutive predicted out-of-sync indications within the first time window not reaching a third threshold.

[0110] As an embodiment, the not predicting an RLF comprises: a number of consecutive predicted in-sync indications within the first time window reaching a fourth threshold.

[0111] According to an aspect of the present application, a method comprises:

[0112] The method comprises:

[0113] Sending a first notification; receiving the first notification;

[0114] Wherein, the first notification indicates the predicting an RLF.

[0115] As an embodiment, the problem to be solved by the present application comprises: how to determine the predicting an RLF; the above method indicates the predicting an RLF through the first notification, thereby solving the above problem.

[0116] As an embodiment, the above method is beneficial to the implementation of the terminal.

[0117] As an embodiment, the above method is beneficial to the protocol impact.

[0118] As an embodiment, the intelligent module sends the first notification; the legitimate module receives the first notification.

[0119] As one embodiment, the first notification is sent when the RLF is predicted.

[0120] As one embodiment, the first notification is sent when it is predicted that the RLF will occur within the first time window.

[0121] As one embodiment, the first notification is sent when the number of consecutive predicted out-of-sync indications within the first time window reaches a third threshold.

[0122] As one embodiment, the first notification indicates the RLF is predicted.

[0123] As one embodiment, the first notification indicates the RLF will occur within the first time window.

[0124] As one embodiment, the first notification indicates the number of consecutive predicted out-of-sync indications within the first time window reaches a third threshold.

[0125] According to one aspect of the present application, it is characterized in that,

[0126] The method comprises:

[0127] sending a second notification; receiving the second notification;

[0128] The second notification indicates that the RLF is not predicted.

[0129] As one embodiment, the problem to be solved by the present application includes how to determine that the RLF is not predicted; the above method indicates that the RLF is not predicted through the second notification, thereby solving the above problem.

[0130] As one embodiment, the above method is beneficial to the implementation of the terminal.

[0131] As one embodiment, the above method is beneficial to the protocol impact.

[0132] As one embodiment, the intelligent module sends the second notification; and the legal module receives the second notification.

[0133] As one embodiment, the second notification is sent when it is predicted that the RLF will not occur.

[0134] As one embodiment, the second notification is sent when it is predicted that the RLF will or will not occur within the first time window.

[0135] As one embodiment, the second notification is sent when it is predicted that the number of consecutive predicted out-of-sync indications within the first time window will not reach a third threshold.

[0136] As one embodiment, the second notification indicates that the number of consecutive predicted in-sync indications within the first time window reaches a fourth threshold.

[0137] As one embodiment, the second notification indicates that the RLF is not predicted.

[0138] As one embodiment, the second notification indicates that the RLF does not occur within the first time window.

[0139] As one embodiment, the second notification indicates that the number of consecutive predicted out-of-sync indications within the first time window does not reach a third threshold.

[0140] As one embodiment, the second notification indicates that the number of consecutive predicted in-sync indications within the first time window reaches a fourth threshold.

[0141] According to one aspect of the present application, it is characterized in that,

[0142] The method comprises:

[0143] receiving second signaling; wherein the second signaling enables RLF prediction;

[0144] wherein when at least the second signaling enables RLF prediction, whether the maintaining the first timer comprises the first set of operations depends on whether the RLF is predicted.

[0145] As one embodiment, the problem to be solved by the present application includes: how to determine whether the maintaining the first timer comprises the first set of operations depends on whether the RLF is predicted; the above method determines whether the maintaining the first timer comprises the first set of operations depends on whether the RLF is predicted according to at least the second signaling, thereby solving the above problem.

[0146] As one embodiment, the above method is beneficial to network control.

[0147] As one embodiment, the above method reduces the impact of terminals that are not enabled for RLF prediction.

[0148] As one embodiment, if RLF prediction is not enabled, the maintaining the first timer comprises the first set of operations.

[0149] As one embodiment, in response to the second signaling being received, RLF prediction is started to be performed.

[0150] As one embodiment, in response to the second signaling being received, an intelligent model for RLF prediction is started to be executed; the enabling RLF prediction refers to enabling the intelligent model for RLF prediction.

[0151] As one embodiment, the maintaining the first timer whether comprises a first set of operations depends on whether the RLF prediction is made.

[0152] As one embodiment, the RLF prediction is disabled by network side signaling.

[0153] As one embodiment, the RLF prediction is disabled when the terminal enters RRC_INACTIVE state.

[0154] As one embodiment, the RLF prediction is disabled when the terminal enters RRC_IDLE state.

[0155] As one embodiment, the RLF prediction is disabled when the terminal enters RRC_IDLE state.

[0156] As one embodiment, the second signaling indicates to start the RLF prediction.

[0157] As one embodiment, the second signaling indicates to activate an intelligent model for the RLF prediction.

[0158] As one embodiment, the second signaling is a signaling of an RRC sublayer.

[0159] As one embodiment, the second signaling is a RRCReconfiguration message.

[0160] As one embodiment, the second signaling is a signaling of a MAC sublayer.

[0161] As one embodiment, the second signaling is a MAC CE.

[0162] As one embodiment, the second signaling is a signaling of a physical layer.

[0163] As one embodiment, the second signaling is a DCI.

[0164] The present application discloses a method used in a base station, characterized in that, comprising:

[0165] sending a first signaling; wherein the first signaling indicates a first threshold value and a second threshold value;

[0166] wherein the receiver of the first signaling maintains a first timer; whether the maintaining the first timer includes a first set of operations depends on whether RLF is predicted; the first set of operations includes: starting the first timer if a first counter reaches a first threshold; stopping the first timer if the first timer is running and a second counter reaches a second threshold; determining RLF if the first timer expires; the first counter includes a number of consecutive out-of-sync indications received; the second counter includes a number of consecutive in-sync indications received;

[0167] wherein whether the maintaining the first timer includes a first set of operations depends on whether RLF is predicted includes:

[0168] if RLF is predicted, the maintaining the first timer includes the first set of operations;

[0169] if RLF is not predicted, the maintaining the first timer does not include at least one of the first set of operations.

[0170] According to an aspect of the present application, a method for wireless communication includes:

[0171] if RLF is not predicted, not performing radio link monitoring;

[0172] wherein the not performing radio link monitoring is used to determine that the maintaining the first timer does not include at least one of the first set of operations.

[0173] According to an aspect of the present application, a method for wireless communication includes:

[0174] the method includes:

[0175] the first set of operations includes: increasing the first counter when an out-of-sync indication is received and the first timer is not running; increasing the second counter when an in-sync indication is received and the first timer is running.

[0176] According to an aspect of the present application, a method for wireless communication includes:

[0177] the predicting RLF includes: predicting that RLF will occur within a first time window.

[0178] According to an aspect of the present application, a method for wireless communication includes:

[0179] the method includes:

[0180] transmitting at least a first reference signal;

[0181] the predicting that RLF will occur within a first time window includes: a number of consecutive predicted out-of-sync indications within the first time window reaches a third threshold.

[0182] wherein the predicted indication of the out-of-sync is dependent on the at least first reference signal.

[0183] According to an aspect of the present application, a method for a terminal is disclosed and characterized by,

[0184] a receiver of the first signaling sends a first notification; the receiver of the first signaling receives the first notification; wherein the first notification indicates the predicted RLF.

[0185] According to an aspect of the present application, a method for a terminal is disclosed and characterized by,

[0186] a receiver of the first signaling sends a second notification; the receiver of the first signaling receives the second notification; wherein the second notification indicates the predicted RLF.

[0187] According to an aspect of the present application, a method for a terminal is disclosed and characterized by,

[0188] the method comprises:

[0189] sending a second signaling; wherein the second signaling enables RLF prediction;

[0190] wherein only when the second signaling enables RLF prediction, whether the maintaining the first timer comprises a first set of operations is dependent on whether the RLF is predicted.

[0191] The present application discloses a terminal, characterized by comprising:

[0192] the terminal comprises one or more processors and a memory;

[0193] the memory is coupled to the one or more processors, and the memory is configured to store computer program codes, the computer program codes comprising computer instructions, and the one or more processors are configured to invoke the computer instructions to cause the terminal to execute the method.

[0194] The present application discloses a base station, characterized by comprising:

[0195] the base station comprises one or more processors and a memory;

[0196] the memory is coupled to the one or more processors, and the memory is configured to store computer program codes, the computer program codes comprising computer instructions, and the one or more processors are configured to invoke the computer instructions to cause the base station to execute the method. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0197] Other features, objects, and advantages of the application will become more apparent from the following detailed description when read in connection with the following accompanying drawings:

[0198] FIG. 1 illustrates a flowchart of a terminal according to one embodiment of the present application;

[0199] FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of a network architecture according to one embodiment of the present application;

[0200] FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a radio protocol architecture for the user and control planes according to one embodiment of the present application;

[0201] FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram of a first communication device and a second communication device according to one embodiment of the present application;

[0202] FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of a wireless signal transmission according to one embodiment of the present application;

[0203] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a wireless signal transmission according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0204] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a wireless signal transmission according to yet another embodiment of the present application;

[0205] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of a wireless signal transmission according to still another embodiment of the present application;

[0206] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a wireless signal transmission according to still another embodiment of the present application;

[0207] FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic diagram of predicting RLF according to one embodiment of the present application;

[0208] FIG. 11 illustrates a schematic diagram of a first counter and a second counter according to one embodiment of the present application;

[0209] FIG. 12 illustrates a block diagram of a structure of a processing device for use in a terminal according to one embodiment of the present application;

[0210] FIG. 13 illustrates a block diagram of a structure of a processing device for use in a base station according to one embodiment of the present application;

[0211] FIG. 14 illustrates a schematic diagram of transmission of a first notification and a second notification according to one embodiment of the present application;

[0212] FIG. 15 illustrates a schematic diagram of an intelligent model according to one embodiment of the present application;

[0213] FIG. 16 illustrates a schematic diagram of intelligent function deployment of a RAN domain according to one embodiment of the present application;

[0214] FIG. 17 shows a schematic diagram of UE intelligence function deployment according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0215] FIG. 18 shows a flowchart based on artificial intelligence or machine learning according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0216] The technical solutions of the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.

[0217] Embodiment 1

[0218] Embodiment 1 illustrates a flowchart of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG. 1. In FIG. 1, each block represents a step, and it is particularly emphasized that the order of the blocks in the figure does not represent the time sequence between the steps represented.

[0219] In embodiment 1, the terminal in the present application receives first signaling in step 101; wherein the first signaling indicates a first threshold value and a second threshold value; the terminal in the present application maintains a first timer in step 102; wherein whether the maintaining of the first timer includes a first operation set depends on whether RLF is predicted; the first operation set includes: starting the first timer if a first counter reaches the first threshold value; stopping the first timer if the first timer is running and a second counter reaches the second threshold value; determining RLF if the first timer expires; the first counter includes the number of received consecutive out-of-sync indications; the second counter includes the number of received consecutive in-sync indications;

[0220] Wherein whether the maintaining of the first timer includes the first operation set depends on whether RLF is predicted includes:

[0221] If RLF is predicted, the maintaining of the first timer includes the first operation set;

[0222] If RLF is not predicted, the maintaining of the first timer does not include at least one of the first operation set.

[0223] As an embodiment, the first signaling indicating the first threshold value means that the first signaling explicitly indicates the first threshold value.

[0224] As an embodiment, the first signaling indicating the first threshold value means that the first signaling implicitly indicates the first threshold value.

[0225] As an embodiment, the first signaling indicates the first threshold by: the first signaling configuring the first threshold.

[0226] As an embodiment, the first signaling indicates the first threshold by: the first signaling enabling the first threshold.

[0227] As an embodiment, the first signaling indicates the second threshold by: the first signaling explicitly indicating the second threshold.

[0228] As an embodiment, the first signaling indicates the second threshold by: the first signaling implicitly indicating the second threshold.

[0229] As an embodiment, the first signaling indicates the second threshold by: the first signaling configuring the second threshold.

[0230] As an embodiment, the first signaling indicates the second threshold by: the first signaling enabling the second threshold.

[0231] As an embodiment, the first signaling is cell common.

[0232] As an embodiment, the first signaling is UE specific.

[0233] As an embodiment, the first signaling is RRC (Radio Resource Control) signaling.

[0234] As an embodiment, the first signaling comprises RRC signaling and MAC (Medium Access Control) CE (Control Element).

[0235] As an embodiment, the first signaling comprises RRC signaling and DCI (Downlink Control Information).

[0236] As an embodiment, the first signaling comprises one RRC signaling, the one RRC signaling configuring the first threshold.

[0237] As an embodiment, the first signaling comprises one RRC signaling, the one RRC signaling configuring the second threshold.

[0238] As an embodiment, the first signaling comprises one RRC signaling and one MAC CE, the one RRC signaling configuring a plurality of thresholds, the one MAC CE indicating the first threshold from the plurality of thresholds.

[0239] As an embodiment, the first signaling comprises an RRC signaling configuring a plurality of thresholds and a MAC CE indicating the second threshold from the plurality of thresholds.

[0240] As an embodiment, the first signaling comprises an RRC signaling configuring a plurality of thresholds and a DCI indicating the first threshold from the plurality of thresholds.

[0241] As an embodiment, the first signaling comprises an RRC signaling configuring a plurality of thresholds and a DCI indicating the second threshold from the plurality of thresholds.

[0242] As an embodiment, an n310 in the first signaling indicates the first threshold; the first counter is N310.

[0243] As an embodiment, the first threshold is a constant N310, the first timer is T310, and the first counter is counter N310.

[0244] As an embodiment, an n310 in the first signaling indicates the first threshold; the first timer is T310; and the first counter is N310.

[0245] As an embodiment, an n311 in the first signaling indicates the second threshold; the first counter is N310.

[0246] As an embodiment, the second threshold is a constant N311, the first timer is T310, and the second counter is counter N311.

[0247] As an embodiment, an n311 in the first signaling indicates the second threshold; the first timer is T310; and the second counter is N311.

[0248] As an embodiment, the first counter counts a number of first type indications from a physical layer.

[0249] As an embodiment, the first counter counts a number of first type indications from a physical layer for a PCell.

[0250] As an embodiment, the first counter counts a number of first type indications from a physical layer for a PSCell.

[0251] As one embodiment, the first type of indication is an out-of-sync indication.

[0252] As one embodiment, the first counter is N310.

[0253] As one embodiment, the second counter counts a number of second type of indications from the physical layer.

[0254] As one embodiment, the second counter counts a number of second type of indications from the physical layer for a PCell.

[0255] As one embodiment, the second counter counts a number of second type of indications from the physical layer for a PSCell.

[0256] As one embodiment, the second type of indication is an in-sync indication.

[0257] As one embodiment, the second counter is N311.

[0258] As one embodiment, the first type of indication is a beam failure instance indication.

[0259] As one embodiment, a candidate of the first counter depends on RRC configuration.

[0260] As one embodiment, a candidate of the first counter depends on a UE implementation of the terminal.

[0261] As one embodiment, a candidate of the first counter is determined by the terminal itself.

[0262] As one embodiment, a candidate of the second counter depends on RRC configuration.

[0263] As one embodiment, a candidate of the second counter depends on a UE implementation of the terminal.

[0264] As one embodiment, a candidate of the second counter is determined by the terminal itself.

[0265] As one embodiment, the first timer is for a PCell.

[0266] As one embodiment, the first timer is for a PSCell.

[0267] As one embodiment, the maintaining the first timer means performing a first set of operations.

[0268] As one embodiment, the maintaining the first timer means not performing at least one of the first set of operations.

[0269] As one embodiment, the first set of operations comprises starting the first timer if the first counter reaches a first threshold.

[0270] As one embodiment, the first set of operations comprises stopping the first timer if the first timer is running and the second counter reaches a second threshold.

[0271] As one embodiment, the first set of operations comprises determining RLF if the first timer expires.

[0272] As one embodiment, the first set of operations comprises the first counter comprises a number of consecutive out-of-sync indications received.

[0273] As one embodiment, the first set of operations comprises the second counter comprises a number of consecutive in-sync indications received.

[0274] As one embodiment, the first set of operations comprises: starting the first timer if the first counter reaches a first threshold; stopping the first timer if the first timer is running and the second counter reaches a second threshold; determining RLF if the first timer expires; the first counter comprises a number of consecutive out-of-sync indications received; the second counter comprises a number of consecutive in-sync indications received.

[0275] As one embodiment, the first counter reaching the first threshold means that the first counter is not less than the first threshold; the second counter reaching the second threshold means that the second counter is not less than the second threshold.

[0276] As one sub-embodiment of the above embodiment, the not less than is greater than.

[0277] As one sub-embodiment of the above embodiment, the not less than is equal to.

[0278] As one sub-embodiment of the above embodiment, the not less than is equal to or greater than.

[0279] As one embodiment, the second threshold is indicated by RRC signaling.

[0280] As one embodiment, the second threshold is indicated by the relevant information of the predicted RLF.

[0281] As one embodiment, the second threshold is determined by the terminal.

[0282] As one embodiment, the second threshold is default.

[0283] As one embodiment, the second threshold is dedicated for the RLF prediction.

[0284] As one embodiment, the second threshold is dedicated for the intelligent model used for the RLF prediction.

[0285] As one embodiment, the first threshold and the second threshold have no direct relationship in size.

[0286] As one embodiment, the determining RLF means detecting RLF.

[0287] As one embodiment, the determining RLF means detecting MCG RLF.

[0288] As one embodiment, the determining RLF means considering MCG detecting RLF.

[0289] As one embodiment, the first counter is for PCell (Primary Cell) or MCG (Master Cell Group); the RLF prediction is performed for PCell or MCG.

[0290] As one embodiment, the determining RLF means considering SCG detecting RLF.

[0291] As one embodiment, the determining RLF means detecting SCG RLF.

[0292] As one embodiment, the first counter is for PSCell (Primary SCG Cell) or SCG (Secondary Cell Group); the RLF prediction is performed for PSCell or SCG.

[0293] As one embodiment, the RLF prediction is performed by an intelligent model of the terminal for the RLF prediction.

[0294] As one embodiment, the RLF prediction is performed by the terminal based on UE implementation.

[0295] As one embodiment, the RLF prediction is performed by the terminal based on network configuration.

[0296] As one embodiment, the RLF prediction is performed by the terminal based on UE implementation and network configuration.

[0297] As one embodiment, the RLF prediction is based on recent measurement results.

[0298] As one embodiment, the RLF prediction is based on previous measurements.

[0299] As one embodiment, the RLF prediction is based on information stored by the terminal.

[0300] As one embodiment, the RLF prediction is based on information provided by the network.

[0301] As one embodiment, the RLF prediction comprises inference.

[0302] As one embodiment, the RLF prediction comprises training.

[0303] As one embodiment, the RLF prediction comprises training and inference.

[0304] As one embodiment, the RLF prediction comprises predicting link quality.

[0305] As one embodiment, the RLF prediction comprises predicting synchronization indication.

[0306] As one embodiment, the RLF prediction comprises predicting out-of-sync indication.

[0307] As one embodiment, the RLF prediction comprises predicting whether a timer expires.

[0308] As one embodiment, the RLF prediction refers to predicting whether RLF will occur.

[0309] As one embodiment, the RLF prediction refers to predicting probability of RLF occurrence.

[0310] As one embodiment, the RLF prediction refers to predicting time of RLF occurrence.

[0311] As one embodiment, the RLF prediction refers to predicting time interval of no RLF occurrence.

[0312] As one embodiment, the RLF prediction refers to predicting probability of RLF occurrence over time.

[0313] As one embodiment, for the terminal, AS security is activated, and at least one of SRB2 or at least one DRB or at least one multicast MRB is configured; the performing RLF prediction is for MCG.

[0314] As one embodiment, for the terminal, T316 is not configured, or SCG transmission is suspended, or SCG is deactivated; the performing RLF prediction is for MCG.

[0315] As one embodiment, for the terminal, MCG transmission is suspended; the performing RLF prediction is for SCG.

[0316] As one embodiment, whether the maintaining the first timer includes a first set of operations depends on whether RLF is predicted.

[0317] As one embodiment, if RLF is predicted, the maintaining the first timer includes the first set of operations.

[0318] As one embodiment, if RLF is predicted, the maintaining the first timer includes: starting the first timer if a first counter reaches a first threshold; stopping the first timer if the first timer is running and a second counter reaches a second threshold; determining RLF if the first timer expires; the first counter includes a number of consecutive out-of-sync indications received; the second counter includes a number of consecutive in-sync indications received.

[0319] As one embodiment, if RLF is not predicted, the maintaining the first timer does not include at least one of the first set of operations, and the maintaining the first timer includes at least one of the first set of operations.

[0320] As one embodiment, if RLF is not predicted, the maintaining the first timer does not include one of the first set of operations.

[0321] As one embodiment, if RLF is not predicted, the maintaining the first timer does not include two of the first set of operations.

[0322] As one embodiment, if RLF is not predicted, the maintaining the first timer does not include the first set of operations.

[0323] As one embodiment, if RLF is not predicted, the maintaining the first timer does not include: determining RLF if the first timer expires; and the maintaining the first timer includes: starting the first timer if a first counter reaches a first threshold; stopping the first timer if the first timer is running and a second counter reaches a second threshold.

[0324] As one embodiment, if RLF is not predicted, the maintaining the first timer does not include: starting the first timer if a first counter reaches a first threshold.

[0325] As one embodiment, if RLF is not predicted, the maintaining the first timer does not include: starting the first timer if the first counter reaches the first threshold; stopping the first timer if the first timer is running and the second counter reaches the second threshold; and determining RLF if the first timer expires.

[0326] As one embodiment, if RLF is not predicted, the maintaining the first timer does not include: counting a number of consecutive out-of-sync indications received using the first counter.

[0327] As one embodiment, if RLF is not predicted, the maintaining the first timer does not include: counting a number of consecutive in-sync indications received using the second counter.

[0328] As one embodiment, if RLF is not predicted, the maintaining the first timer does not include: starting the first timer if the first counter reaches the first threshold; stopping the first timer if the first timer is running and the second counter reaches the second threshold; and determining RLF if the first timer expires.

[0329] As one embodiment, if RLF is not predicted, the maintaining the first timer does not include: starting the first timer if the first counter reaches the first threshold; stopping the first timer if the first timer is running and the second counter reaches the second threshold; and determining RLF if the first timer expires; the first counter includes a number of consecutive out-of-sync indications received; and the second counter includes a number of consecutive in-sync indications received.

[0330] Embodiment 2

[0331] Embodiment 2 illustrates a diagram of a network architecture according to one embodiment of the application, as shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 2 illustrates a network architecture 200. The network architecture 200 is a 5G NR (New Radio) / LTE (Long-Term Evolution) / LTE-A (Long-Term Evolution Advanced) system, or the network architecture 200 is a 5G+ network architecture, or the network architecture 200 is a 6G network architecture, or the network architecture 200 is a network architecture of future continued evolution of 3GPP; the network architecture 200 can be referred to as a 5GS (5G System) / EPS (Evolved Packet System), or the network architecture 200 can be referred to as a 6GS (6G System); the network architecture 200 includes a UE (User Equipment) 201, a RAN (Radio Access Network) 202, a core network 210, a HSS (Home Subscriber Server) / UDM (Unified Data Management) 220, and at least one of an Internet service 230. The network architecture 200 can be interconnected with other access networks, but these entities / interfaces are not shown for simplicity. As shown, the network architecture 200 provides packet-switched services, however, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the various concepts presented throughout this application are amenable to use with networked or other cellular networked environments providing circuit-switched services. The RAN includes a node 203 and other nodes 204. The node 203 provides user and control plane protocol terminations toward the UE 201. The node 203 can be connected to the other nodes 204 via an Xn interface (e.g., backhaul) / X2 interface. The node 203 can also be referred to as a base station, a base transceiver station, a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic service set (BSS), an extended service set (ESS), a TRP (Transmit Receive Point), or some other suitable terminology. The core network 210 is a 5GC (5G Core Network) / EPC (Evolved Packet Core), or the core network 210 is a 6GC; the node 203 provides an access point to the core network 210 for the UE 201.Examples of a UE 201 include a cellular phone, a smart phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a laptop, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a satellite radio, a non-tower based station communication, satellite mobile communication, global positioning system, a multimedia device, a video device, a digital audio player (e.g., MP3 player), a camera, a game console, a drone, a flying vehicle, a narrowband internet of things device, a machine type communication device, a land vehicle, a car, a wearable device, or any other similar functional device. Those skilled in the art will also The node 203 is connected by an S1 / NG interface to the core network 210. The core network 210 includes a MME (Mobility Management Entity) / AMF (Authentication Management Field) / SMF (Session Management Function) 211, other MME / AMF / SMF 214, a S-GW (Service Gateway) / UPF (User Plane Function) 212, and a P-GW (Packet Data Network Gateway) / UPF 213. The MME / AMF / SMF 211 is a control node that handles signaling between the UE 201 and the core network 210. Generally, the MME / AMF / SMF 211 provides bearer and connection management. All user IP (Internet Protocal) packets are transferred through the S-GW / UPF 212, which itself is connected to the P-GW / UPF 213. The P-GW provides UE IP address allocation as well as other functions. The P-GW / UPF 213 is connected to the Internet services 230. The Internet services 230 include operator corresponding Internet protocol services, which can specifically include the Internet, an intranet, an IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem), and a packet switched streaming service.

[0332] As one embodiment, the UE 201 corresponds to the terminal in the present application.

[0333] As one embodiment, the UE 201 is a user equipment (UE).

[0334] As one embodiment, the UE 201 is a base station device (Base Station, BS).

[0335] As one embodiment, the UE 201 is a relay device.

[0336] As one embodiment, the UE 201 is a gateway device.

[0337] As one embodiment, the node 203 corresponds to the base station in the present application.

[0338] As one embodiment, the node 203 is a base station device.

[0339] As one embodiment, the node 203 is a relay device.

[0340] As one embodiment, the node 203 is a gateway device.

[0341] As one embodiment, the user equipment supports intelligent functions.

[0342] As one embodiment, the user equipment supports intelligent modules.

[0343] As one embodiment, the user equipment supports intelligent models.

[0344] As one embodiment, the user equipment supports intelligent models for RLF prediction.

[0345] As one embodiment, the user equipment supports RLF prediction.

[0346] As one embodiment, the user equipment supports 3GPP Release 19.

[0347] As one embodiment, the user equipment supports 5G.

[0348] As one embodiment, the user equipment supports 6G.

[0349] As one embodiment, the user equipment supports radio link monitoring (RLM).

[0350] As one embodiment, the user equipment supports handover.

[0351] As one embodiment, the user equipment supports CHO.

[0352] As one embodiment, the user equipment supports cell selection.

[0353] As an embodiment, the user equipment supports transmission of a non-terrestrial network (NTN).

[0354] As an embodiment, the user equipment supports transmission of a terrestrial network (TN).

[0355] As an embodiment, the user equipment supports dual connection (DC) transmission.

[0356] As an embodiment, the user equipment comprises a device supporting low latency and high reliability transmission.

[0357] As an embodiment, the user equipment can be a mobile terminal, which can be a mobile phone or an iPad or a computer or a watch or a ring; the user equipment can also be a wearable device, which can be a watch or a ring or shoes or a hat or clothing or glasses, etc.; the user equipment can also be a flying device; the user equipment can also be a vehicle terminal; the user equipment can also be a ship terminal; the user equipment can also be an Internet of Things terminal; the user equipment can also be an industrial Internet of Things terminal; the user equipment can also be a test device; the user equipment can also be a signaling tester; the user equipment can also be an IAB (Integrated Access and Backhaul)-MT.

[0358] As an embodiment, the base station equipment supports an intelligent model.

[0359] As an embodiment, the base station equipment supports an intelligent function.

[0360] As an embodiment, the base station equipment supports selection of an intelligent model.

[0361] As an embodiment, the base station equipment supports configuration of an intelligent model.

[0362] As an embodiment, the base station equipment supports configuration of RLF prediction.

[0363] As an embodiment, the base station equipment supports transmission of a non-terrestrial network (NTN).

[0364] As an embodiment, the base station equipment supports transmission of a terrestrial network (TN).

[0365] As an embodiment, the base station equipment comprises a base transceiver station (BTS).

[0366] As an embodiment, the base station device comprises a Node B (NB); the Node B can be a gNB or an eNB or an ng-eNB or an en-gNB; the base station device can comprise a CU (Centralized Unit); the base station device can further comprise a DU (Distributed Unit); the base station device can further comprise a TRP (Transmitter Receiver Point).

[0367] As an embodiment, the base station device can be a Macro Cellular base station or a Micro Cell base station or a Pico Cell base station or a Femto Cell; the base station device can further be a flight platform device or a satellite device; the base station device can further be a test device or a signaling tester; the base station device can further be a gateway device; the base station device can further be an IAB device; the IAB device comprises at least one of an IAB-node or an IAB-donor or an IAB-donor-CU or an IAB-donor-DU or an IAB-DU or an IAB-MT.

[0368] As an embodiment, the relay device can comprise a relay; the relay can be a L3 relay or a L2 relay; the relay device can further comprise a router; the relay device can further comprise a switch; the relay device can further comprise a gateway device; the relay device can further comprise at least part of a user equipment; the relay device can further comprise at least part of a base station device.

[0369] Embodiment 3

[0370] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a radio protocol architecture for the user plane 350 and the control plane 300. Figure 3 shows three layers for the radio protocol architecture for the control plane 300: Layer 1, Layer 2, and Layer 3. Layer 1 (LI layer) is the lowest layer and implements various PHY (Physical layer) signal processing functions. The LI layer will be referred to as the PHY 301 herein. Layer 2 (L2 layer) 305 is above the PHY 301 and includes a MAC (Medium Access Control) sublayer 302, a RLC (Radio Link Control) sublayer 303, and a PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol) sublayer 304. The PDCP sublayer 304 provides multiplexing between different radio bearers and logical channels. The PDCP sublayer 304 also provides security functions, such as ciphering of the data packets, and header compression. The RLC sublayer 303 provides segmentation and reassembly of upper layer data packets, retransmission of lost data packets, and reordering of data packets to compensate for out-of-order reception due to HARQ. The MAC sublayer 302 provides multiplexing between logical and transport channels. The MAC sublayer 302 is also responsible for allocating the various radio resources (e.g., resource blocks) in one cell. The MAC sublayer 302 is also responsible for HARQ operations. The RRC (Radio Resource Control) sublayer 306 in Layer 3 (L3 layer) in the control plane 300 is responsible for obtaining radio resources (i.e., radio bearers) and using RRC signaling to configure the lower layers. The radio protocol architecture for the user plane 350 includes Layer 1 (LI layer) and Layer 2 (L2 layer), which are substantially the same as the corresponding layers and sublayers in the control plane 300 for the physical layer 351, the PDCP sublayer 354 in the L2 layer 355, the RLC sublayer 353 in the L2 layer 355, and the MAC sublayer 352 in the L2 layer 355, but the PDCP sublayer 354 also provides header compression for upper layer data packets to reduce radio transmission overhead. Also included in the L2 layer 355 in the user plane 350 is the SDAP (Service Data Adaptation Protocol) sublayer 356, which is responsible for mapping between QoS flows and data radio bearers (DRBs) to support diverse service

[0371] As one embodiment, the wireless protocol architecture in FIG. 3 is applicable to the terminal in the present application.

[0372] As one embodiment, the wireless protocol architecture in FIG. 3 is applicable to the base station in the present application.

[0373] As one embodiment, the first signaling in the present application is generated at the RRC 306.

[0374] As one embodiment, the first signaling in the present application is generated at the MAC 302 or the MAC 352.

[0375] As one embodiment, the first signaling in the present application is generated at the PHY 301 or the PHY 351.

[0376] As one embodiment, the second signaling in the present application is generated at the RRC 306.

[0377] As one embodiment, the second signaling in the present application is generated at the MAC 302 or the MAC 352.

[0378] As one embodiment, the second signaling in the present application is generated at the PHY 301 or the PHY 351.

[0379] As one embodiment, the at least first reference signal in the present application is generated at the PHY 301 or the PHY 351.

[0380] As one embodiment, the first notification is transmitted at a first designated protocol layer of the terminal.

[0381] As one embodiment, the second notification is transmitted at a first designated protocol layer of the terminal.

[0382] As one embodiment, the first designated protocol layer is one of the protocol layers shown in FIG. 3.

[0383] As one embodiment, the first designated protocol layer is a protocol layer other than the protocol layers shown in FIG. 3 (not included in FIG. 3).

[0384] As one embodiment, the first notification is received at a second designated protocol layer of the terminal.

[0385] As one embodiment, the second notification is received at a second designated protocol layer of the terminal.

[0386] As one embodiment, the second designated protocol layer is one of the protocol layers shown in FIG. 3.

[0387] As one embodiment, the second designated protocol layer is the RRC 306.

[0388] Embodiment 4

[0389] Embodiment 4 shows a schematic diagram of a first communication device and a second communication device according to the present application, as shown in Figure 4. Figure 4 is a block diagram of a first communication device 450 and a second communication device 410 communicating with each other in an access network.

[0390] The first communication device 450 comprises a controller / processor 459, a memory 460, a data source 467, a transmit processor 468, a receive processor 456, a multi-antenna transmit processor 457, a multi-antenna receive processor 458, a transmitter / receiver 454 and an antenna 452.

[0391] The second communication device 410 comprises a controller / processor 475, a memory 476, a receive processor 470, a transmit processor 416, a multi-antenna receive processor 472, a multi-antenna transmit processor 471, a transmitter / receiver 418 and an antenna 420.

[0392] In the transmission from the second communication device 410 to the first communication device 450, at the second communication device 410, upper layer packets from the core network are provided to the controller / processor 475. The controller / processor 475 implements functionality of the L2 layer. In the transmission from the second communication device 410 to the first communication device 450, the controller / processor 475 provides header compression, ciphering, packet segmentation and reordering, multiplexing between logical and transport channels, and radio resource allocations for the first communication device 450 based on various priority metrics. The controller / processor 475 is also responsible for retransmission of lost packets, and signaling to the first communication device 450. The transmit processor 416 and the multiple antenna transmit processor 471 implement various signal processing functions for the LI layer (i.e., physical layer). The transmit processor 416 implements coding and interleaving to facilitate forward error correction (FEC) at the second communication device 410, and mapping of coded bits to modulation symbols based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-phase shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The multiple antenna transmit processor 471 performs digital spatial pre-coding of the coded and modulated symbols, including codebook-based and non-codebook-based pre-coding, and beamforming processing, to generate one or more spatial streams. The transmit processor 416 then maps to each spatial stream to the subcarriers, multiplexes with reference signals (e.g., pilots) in the time and / or frequency domain, and then performs an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to generate a time-domain multicarrier symbol stream for the physical channel. The multiple antenna transmit processor 471 then performs transmit analog pre-coding / beamforming operations on the time-domain multicarrier symbol stream. Each transmitter 418 converts the baseband multicarrier symbol stream provided by the multiple antenna transmit processor 471 into a radio frequency stream, and then provides the radio frequency stream to the corresponding antenna 420.

[0393] In transmissions from the second communication device 410 to the first communication device 450, at the first communication device 450, each receiver 454 receives a signal through its respective antenna 452. Each receiver 454 recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the recovered information at baseband as a stream of symbols to a receive processor 456. The receive processor 456 and a multiple access receiver processor 458 implement various signal processing functions of the Ll layer. The multiple access receiver processor 458 performs receive analog precoding / beamforming operations on the baseband multiple access symbol streams from the receivers 454. The receive processor 456 converts the baseband multiple access symbol streams from the time-domain to the frequency domain using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). In the frequency domain, the physical layer data signals and the reference signals are demultiplexed from the received symbol streams, with the reference signals to be used for channel estimation and the data signals to be recovered after multiple access detection in the multiple access receiver processor 458 for any spatial streams destined for the first communication device 450. The symbols on each spatial stream are demodulated and recovered by the receive processor 456 and used to generate soft decisions. The receive processor 456 then decodes and de-interleaves the soft decisions to recover the upper layer data and control signals transmitted by the second communication device 410 on the physical channel. The upper layer data and control signals are then provided to a controller / processor 459. The controller / processor 459 implements the functions of the L2 layer. The controller / processor 459 can be associated with a memory 460 that stores program codes and data. The memory 460 can be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In transmissions from the second communication device 410 to the first communication device 450, the controller / processor 459 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, control signal processing to recover upper layer data packets from the core network. The upper layer data packets are then provided to all protocol layers above the L2 layer. Various control signals can also be provided to the L3 for L3 processing.

[0394] In the transmission from the first communication device 450 to the second communication device 410, at the first communication device 450, a data source 467 is used to provide upper layer data packets to a controller / processor 459. The data source 467 represents all protocol layers above the L2 layer. Similar to the transmit function at the second communication device 410 described in the transmission from the second communication device 410 to the first communication device 450, the controller / processor 459 implements header compression, ciphering, packet segmentation and reordering, and multiplexing between logical and transport channels based on radio resource allocations, implements L2 layer functionality for the user plane and control plane. The controller / processor 459 is also responsible for error detection, retransmission of lost packets, and signaling to the second communication device 410. A transmit processor 468 performs modulation mapping, channel coding processing, and a multi-antenna transmit processor 457 performs digital multi-antenna spatial precoding, including codebook-based precoding and non-codebook-based precoding, and beamforming processing, and then the transmit processor 468 modulates the resulting spatial streams into multi-carrier / single-carrier symbol streams, which are then provided to different antennas 452 via transmitters 454 after analog precoding / beamforming operations in the multi-antenna transmit processor 457. Each transmitter 454 first converts the baseband symbol stream provided by the multi-antenna transmit processor 457 into a radio frequency signal, and then provides the radio frequency signal to the antenna 452.

[0395] In the transmission from the first communication device 450 to the second communication device 410, the functions at the second communication device 410 are similar to the receive functions at the first communication device 450 described in the transmission from the second communication device 410 to the first communication device 450. Each receiver 418 receives a radio frequency signal through its respective antenna 420, converts the received radio frequency signal into a baseband signal, and provides the baseband signal to a multi-antenna receive processor 472 and a receive processor 470. The receive processor 470 and the multi-antenna receive processor 472 collectively implement the functionality of the L1 layer. A controller / processor 475 implements the functionality of the L2 layer. The controller / processor 475 can be associated with a memory 476 that stores program codes and data. The memory 476 can be referred to as a computer readable medium. In the transmission from the first communication device 450 to the second communication device 410, the controller / processor 475 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, control signal processing to recover upper layer data packets from the UE 450. Upper layer data packets from the controller / processor 475 can be provided to a core network.

[0396] As one embodiment, the first communication device 450 comprises: at least one processor and at least one memory including a computer program code; the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the first communication device 450 at least to: receive first signaling; wherein the first signaling indicates a first threshold and a second threshold; maintain a first timer; wherein whether the maintaining the first timer comprises a first set of operations depends on whether a RLF (Radio Link Failure) is predicted; the first set of operations comprises: start the first timer if a first counter reaches the first threshold; stop the first timer if the first timer is running and a second counter reaches the second threshold; determine a RLF if the first timer expires; the first counter comprises a number of consecutive out-of-sync indications received; the second counter comprises a number of consecutive in-sync indications received; wherein whether the maintaining the first timer comprises the first set of operations depends on whether a RLF is predicted comprises: the maintaining the first timer comprises the first set of operations if a RLF is predicted; the maintaining the first timer does not comprise at least one of the first set of operations if a RLF is not predicted.

[0397] As one embodiment, the first communication device 450 comprises: a memory storing a computer readable program of instructions which, when executed by at least one processor, causes actions comprising: receiving first signaling; wherein the first signaling indicates a first threshold and a second threshold; maintaining a first timer; wherein whether the maintaining the first timer comprises a first set of operations depends on whether a RLF (Radio Link Failure) is predicted; the first set of operations comprises: start the first timer if a first counter reaches the first threshold; stop the first timer if the first timer is running and a second counter reaches the second threshold; determine a RLF if the first timer expires; the first counter comprises a number of consecutive out-of-sync indications received; the second counter comprises a number of consecutive in-sync indications received; wherein whether the maintaining the first timer comprises the first set of operations depends on whether a RLF is predicted comprises: the maintaining the first timer comprises the first set of operations if a RLF is predicted; the maintaining the first timer does not comprise at least one of the first set of operations if a RLF is not predicted.

[0398] As one embodiment, the second communication device 410 includes at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code; the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, enable the second communication device 410 at least to:

[0399] transmit first signaling; wherein the first signaling indicates a first threshold and a second threshold; wherein a receiver of the first signaling maintains a first timer; whether the maintaining the first timer includes a first set of operations depends on whether an RLF is predicted; the first set of operations includes: starting the first timer if a first counter reaches the first threshold; stopping the first timer if the first timer is running and a second counter reaches the second threshold; determining an RLF if the first timer expires; the first counter includes a number of consecutive out-of-sync indications received; the second counter includes a number of consecutive in-sync indications received; wherein whether the maintaining the first timer includes the first set of operations depends on whether an RLF is predicted includes: the maintaining the first timer includes the first set of operations if an RLF is predicted; the maintaining the first timer does not include at least one of the first set of operations if an RLF is not predicted.

[0400] As one embodiment, the second communication device 410 includes a memory storing a program of computer readable instructions to produce actions when executed by at least one processor, the actions including: transmitting first signaling; wherein the first signaling indicates a first threshold and a second threshold; wherein a receiver of the first signaling maintains a first timer; whether the maintaining the first timer includes a first set of operations depends on whether an RLF is predicted; the first set of operations includes: starting the first timer if a first counter reaches the first threshold; stopping the first timer if the first timer is running and a second counter reaches the second threshold; determining an RLF if the first timer expires; the first counter includes a number of consecutive out-of-sync indications received; the second counter includes a number of consecutive in-sync indications received; wherein whether the maintaining the first timer includes the first set of operations depends on whether an RLF is predicted includes: the maintaining the first timer includes the first set of operations if an RLF is predicted; the maintaining the first timer does not include at least one of the first set of operations if an RLF is not predicted.

[0401] As one embodiment, at least one of the antenna 452, the receiver 454, the receive processor 456, the controller / processor 459 is configured to receive first signaling.

[0402] As an embodiment, at least one of the antenna 420, the transmitter 418, the transmit processor 416, the controller / processor 475 is configured to transmit the first signaling.

[0403] As an embodiment, at least one of the antenna 452, the transmitter 454, the transmit processor 468, the controller / processor 459 is configured to transmit at least the first reference signal.

[0404] As an embodiment, at least one of the antenna 420, the receiver 418, the receive processor 470, the controller / processor 475 is configured to receive at least the first reference signal.

[0405] As an embodiment, the first communication device 450 corresponds to the terminal in the present application.

[0406] As an embodiment, the second communication device 410 corresponds to the base station in the present application.

[0407] As an embodiment, the first communication device 450 is a user equipment.

[0408] As an embodiment, the first communication device 450 is a base station device.

[0409] As an embodiment, the first communication device 450 is a relay device.

[0410] As an embodiment, the first communication device 450 performs the RLF prediction.

[0411] As an embodiment, optionally, the first communication device 450 comprises the intelligent module 1501 in the attached FIG. 14 (not included in FIG. 4).

[0412] As an embodiment, optionally, the first communication device 450 comprises the third module in the attached FIG. 15 (not included in FIG. 4).

[0413] As an embodiment, optionally, the first communication device 450 comprises the inference function 1806 in the attached FIG. 17 (not included in FIG. 4).

[0414] As an embodiment, the second communication device 410 is a user equipment.

[0415] As an embodiment, the second communication device 410 is a base station device.

[0416] As an embodiment, the second communication device 410 is a relay device.

[0417] As an example, optionally, the second communication device 410 assists in performing the RLF prediction.

[0418] As an example, optionally, the second communication device 410 comprises an inference function (not included in FIG. 4) of the FIG. 16.

[0419] As an example, optionally, the second communication device 410 comprises a RAN domain training function 1805 (not included in FIG. 4) of the FIG. 17.

[0420] Embodiment 5

[0421] Embodiment 5 illustrates a wireless signal transmission flowchart according to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG. 5. It is particularly stated that the sequence in this example does not limit the sequence of signal transmission and implementation in the present application.

[0422] For the terminal U01, in step S5101, a first signaling is received; wherein the first signaling indicates a first threshold and a second threshold; in step S5102, at least a first reference signal is received; in step S5103, a second signaling is received; wherein the second signaling enables RLF prediction; in step S5104, RLF prediction is performed; in step S5105, it is determined whether RLF is predicted, if RLF is predicted, step S5106 is performed, otherwise, step S5106 is not performed; in step S5106, it is determined whether the first counter reaches the first threshold, if the first counter reaches the first threshold, step S5107 is performed, otherwise, step S5107 is not performed; in step S5107, a first timer is started; in step S5108, it is determined whether the second counter reaches the second threshold, if the second counter reaches the second threshold, step S5109 is performed, otherwise, step S5110 is performed; in step S5109, the first timer is stopped; in step S5110, it is determined whether the first timer expires; if the first timer expires, step S5111 is performed, otherwise, step S5111 is not performed; in step S5111, RLF is determined.

[0423] For the base station N02, in step S5201, a first signaling is transmitted; in step S5202, at least a first reference signal is transmitted; in step S5203, a second signaling is transmitted.

[0424] As an example, the base station N02 is a base station to which a serving cell of the terminal U01 belongs.

[0425] As an example, the base station N02 is a base station to which a PCell of the terminal U01 belongs.

[0426] As one embodiment, the base station N02 is a base station to which a PSCell of the terminal U01 belongs.

[0427] As one embodiment, the base station N02 is a MN (Master Node).

[0428] As one embodiment, the base station N02 is a SN (Secondary Node).

[0429] As one embodiment, the terminal U01 and the base station N02 are connected through a wireless connection.

[0430] As one embodiment, the terminal U01 and the base station N02 are connected through a wired connection.

[0431] As one embodiment, the terminal U01 and the base station N02 are connected through a Uu interface.

[0432] As one embodiment, the terminal U01 and the base station N02 are connected through an IAB interface.

[0433] As one embodiment, the terminal U01 and the base station N02 are connected through a PC5 interface.

[0434] As one embodiment, the second signaling is cell common.

[0435] As one embodiment, the second signaling is UE specific.

[0436] As one embodiment, the second signaling is RRC (Radio Resource Control) signaling.

[0437] As one embodiment, the second signaling includes RRC signaling and MAC (Medium Access Control) CE (Control Element).

[0438] As one embodiment, the second signaling includes RRC signaling and DCI (Downlink Control Information).

[0439] As one embodiment, the second signaling activates a smart model for the RLF prediction.

[0440] As one embodiment, the second signaling enables a smart model for the RLF prediction.

[0441] As an embodiment, the second signaling indicates a parameter of an intelligent model used for the RLF prediction.

[0442] As an embodiment, the parameter of the intelligent model used for the RLF prediction includes an identification of the intelligent model used for the RLF prediction.

[0443] As an embodiment, the parameter of the intelligent model used for the RLF prediction includes a type of the intelligent model used for the RLF prediction.

[0444] As an embodiment, the parameter of the intelligent model used for the RLF prediction includes a current value of the first counter.

[0445] As an embodiment, the second signaling triggering the performing of the RLF prediction means that the second signaling requests the performing of the RLF prediction.

[0446] As an embodiment, the second signaling triggering the performing of the RLF prediction means that the second signaling indicates the performing of the RLF prediction.

[0447] As an embodiment, the second signaling triggering the performing of the RLF prediction means that the RLF prediction is performed when the second signaling is received.

[0448] As an embodiment, how the terminal U01 notifies the intelligent module 1501 in embodiment 14 when the second signaling is received depends on the UE implementation.

[0449] As an embodiment, optionally, the terminal U01 receives second signaling; wherein the second signaling enables the RLF prediction.

[0450] As an embodiment, the “if RLF is predicted, the maintaining of the first timer includes the first set of operations” depends on the second signaling enabling the RLF prediction.

[0451] As an embodiment, the second signaling indicates a parameter of at least one enabled intelligent model; optionally, the parameter can be an identification of an intelligent model, can also be a type of an intelligent model, can also be a function of an intelligent model, etc.

[0452] As a sub-embodiment of the above-mentioned embodiment, the second signaling indicates that one of the at least one enabled intelligent model is an intelligent model used for the RLF prediction.

[0453] As an embodiment, the second signaling includes an RRC message; the RRC message enables the RLF prediction.

[0454] As one embodiment, the second signaling comprises one MAC CE; the one MAC CE enables the RLF prediction.

[0455] As one embodiment, the second signaling comprises one DCI; the one DCI enables the RLF prediction.

[0456] As one embodiment, the enabling comprises enable.

[0457] As one embodiment, the enabling comprises activate.

[0458] As one embodiment, the enabling comprises enable.

[0459] As one embodiment, the enabling comprises enable.

[0460] As one embodiment, the enabling comprises trigger.

[0461] As one embodiment, the transmitter of the at least first reference signal is a maintaining base station of a cell or a cell group the first timer is for.

[0462] As one embodiment, the receiving at least first reference signal comprises: receiving the first reference signal at each available reception occasion of each reference signal in the at least first reference signal.

[0463] As one embodiment, the receiving at least first reference signal comprises: receiving the first reference signal at at least one available reception occasion of each reference signal in the at least first reference signal.

[0464] As one embodiment, an available reception occasion of one reference signal is a time-frequency resource configured to the one reference signal.

[0465] As one embodiment, an available reception occasion of one reference signal is a time-frequency resource configured to the one reference signal and non-overlapping with a specified time-frequency resource.

[0466] As one sub-embodiment of the above embodiment, the specified time-frequency resource comprises an active measurement gap.

[0467] As one sub-embodiment of the above embodiment, a transmission on the specified time-frequency resource has a higher priority than the one reference signal.

[0468] As one embodiment, the transmitter of the at least first reference signal is a cell the RLF prediction is for.

[0469] As one embodiment, the at least first reference signal is a physical layer signal.

[0470] As one embodiment, the at least first reference signal is a Reference Signal.

[0471] As one embodiment, any of the at least first reference signal is used for RLF prediction.

[0472] As one embodiment, any of the at least first reference signal is used for RLM (Radio Link Monitoring).

[0473] As one embodiment, any of the at least first reference signal is used for both RLM and RLF prediction.

[0474] As one embodiment, the at least first reference signal is Downlink (DL).

[0475] As one embodiment, the at least first reference signal is Sidelink (SL).

[0476] As one embodiment, the at least first reference signal is periodic.

[0477] As one embodiment, the at least first reference signal is semi-persistent.

[0478] As one embodiment, the at least first reference signal comprises a Synchronization Signal.

[0479] As one embodiment, each of the at least first reference signal is one SSB (Synchronization Signal Block, or SS / PBCH).

[0480] As one embodiment, the at least first reference signal is a Synchronization Signal.

[0481] As one embodiment, each of the at least first reference signal is one CSI-RS (Channel State Information Reference Signal).

[0482] As one embodiment, the at least first reference signal is indicated by RRC signaling.

[0483] As one embodiment, the at least first reference signal is determined by the terminal U01.

[0484] As one embodiment, the at least first reference signal is the first reference signal.

[0485] As one embodiment, the at least first reference signal is a plurality of reference signals; the plurality of reference signals includes at least the first reference signal.

[0486] As one embodiment, the at least first reference signal is no more than M1 reference signals; the M1 is a positive integer.

[0487] As one embodiment, the M1 depends on L in TS 38.213. max .

[0488] As one embodiment, the M1 is N in TS 38.213. RLM .

[0489] As one embodiment, the M1 is 2 or 4 or 8.

[0490] As one embodiment, the M1 is no more than 8.

[0491] As one embodiment, the M1 is no more than 16.

[0492] As one embodiment, the RLF prediction includes predicting a link quality for the at least first reference signal.

[0493] As one embodiment, the RLF prediction includes predicting a number of synchronization indications; the synchronization indications depend on the at least first reference signal.

[0494] As one embodiment, the RLF prediction includes predicting a number of out-of-sync indications; the out-of-sync indications depend on the at least first reference signal.

[0495] As one embodiment, the RLF prediction includes predicting an out-of-sync indication; the out-of-sync indication depends on the at least first reference signal.

[0496] As one embodiment, the RLF prediction includes predicting a number of out-of-sync indications; the out-of-sync indications depend on the at least first reference signal.

[0497] As one embodiment, the RLF prediction depends on the at least first reference signal.

[0498] As one embodiment, the RLF prediction depends on a measurement result for the at least first reference signal.

[0499] As one embodiment, an input to an intelligent model for the RLF prediction includes a measurement result for the at least first reference signal.

[0500] As one embodiment, the inference of the intelligent model for the RLF prediction relies on measurement results for the at least first reference signals.

[0501] As one embodiment, the measurement results for the at least first reference signals comprise at least one measurement value for each of the at least first reference signals.

[0502] As one embodiment, the measurement results for the at least first reference signals comprise at least one measurement value for each of the at least first reference signals.

[0503] As one embodiment, the at least one measurement value is only one measurement value.

[0504] As one embodiment, the at least one measurement value is a plurality of measurement values.

[0505] As one embodiment, the plurality of measurement values are obtained at different times.

[0506] As one embodiment, the plurality of measurement values are obtained at the same time.

[0507] As one embodiment, the measurement value is RSRP (Reference Signal Receiving Power).

[0508] As one embodiment, the measurement value is RSRQ (Reference Signal Receiving Power).

[0509] As one embodiment, the measurement value is SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio).

[0510] As one embodiment, optionally, the terminal U01 sends first UE capability information (not shown in the figure 5); wherein the first UE capability information indicates that the terminal U01 supports RLF prediction.

[0511] As one embodiment, the "whether the maintaining the first timer comprises a first set of operations depends on whether RLF is predicted" depends on the first UE capability information indicating that the terminal U01 supports RLF prediction.

[0512] As one embodiment, on the premise that the first UE capability information indicates that the terminal U01 supports RLF prediction, if the first counter reaches a second threshold, RLF prediction is performed.

[0513] As an embodiment, the first UE capability information comprises one RRC message; the one RRC message indicates that the terminal U01 supports RLF prediction.

[0514] As an embodiment, the first UE capability information comprises one RRC message and one MAC CE; the one RRC message indicates a plurality of UE capabilities; the one MAC CE indicates that the terminal U01 supports RLF prediction from the plurality of UE capabilities.

[0515] As an embodiment, the one RRC message is a UECapabilityInformation message.

[0516] As an embodiment, the one RRC message is a UEAssistanceInformation message.

[0517] As an embodiment, the first UE capability information indicates a parameter of at least one intelligent model supported by the terminal U01; optionally, the parameter can be an identifier of an intelligent model, can also be a type of an intelligent model, can also be a function of an intelligent model, etc.

[0518] As a sub-embodiment of the above-mentioned embodiment, one intelligent model of the at least one intelligent model supported by the terminal U01 is an intelligent model for the RLF prediction.

[0519] As an embodiment, the first UE capability information indicates that the terminal U01 supports RLF prediction.

[0520] As an embodiment, the first UE capability information indicates RLF prediction from RLF prediction and HOF prediction.

[0521] As an embodiment, the first UE capability information indicates both RLF prediction and HOF prediction from RLF prediction and HOF prediction.

[0522] As an embodiment, judging whether a first counter reaches a first threshold value depends on whether the intelligent model predicts RLF.

[0523] As an embodiment, if RLF is predicted, whether the first counter reaches the first threshold value is judged.

[0524] As an embodiment, if RLF is not predicted, it is not necessary to judge whether the first counter reaches the first threshold value.

[0525] As an embodiment, when the first counter reaches the first threshold value, the first timer is started.

[0526] As one embodiment, the first counter is a counter N310.

[0527] As one embodiment, the first threshold is a threshold N310, indicated by the first signaling.

[0528] As one embodiment, the first timer is T310.

[0529] As one embodiment, the first timer is running when the first counter reaches the first threshold and the second counter does not reach the second threshold.

[0530] As one embodiment, the second counter is a counter N311.

[0531] As one embodiment, the second threshold is a threshold N311, indicated by the first signaling.

[0532] As one embodiment, the first timer is stopped when the second counter reaches the second threshold.

[0533] As one embodiment, RLF is determined if the first timer expires and the second counter has not reached the second threshold.

[0534] As one embodiment, the first timer expires means the first timer exceeds the first time window.

[0535] As one embodiment, the first timer expires means the time of the first timer is greater than or equal to the first time window.

[0536] As one embodiment, the first timer expires means the time of the first timer is greater than the first time window.

[0537] As one embodiment, the first timer expires means the time of the first timer is equal to the first time window.

[0538] As one embodiment, determining RLF means detecting RLF.

[0539] As one embodiment, determining RLF means detecting MCG RLF.

[0540] As one embodiment, determining RLF means considering MCG detects RLF.

[0541] As one embodiment, determining RLF means considering SCG detects RLF.

[0542] As one embodiment, determining RLF means detecting SCG RLF.

[0543] Embodiment 6

[0544] Embodiment 6 illustrates a flowchart of wireless signal transmission according to another embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG. 6. It is specifically noted that the sequence in this example does not limit the sequence of signal transmission and implementation in the present application.

[0545] For the terminal U01, in step S6101, RLF is predicted; in step S6102, a first timer is maintained including a first set of operations.

[0546] As one embodiment, maintaining the first timer including the first set of operations is performing all operations within the first set of operations.

[0547] As one embodiment, maintaining the first timer including the first set of operations is operating the first timer, performing all operations within the first set of operations.

[0548] As one embodiment, maintaining the first timer including the first set of operations is starting the first timer if a first counter reaches a first threshold; stopping the first timer if the first timer is running and a second counter reaches a second threshold; determining RLF if the first timer expires; the first counter includes a number of consecutive out-of-sync indications received; the second counter includes a number of consecutive in-sync indications received.

[0549] As one embodiment, maintaining the first timer including the first set of operations is performed as long as RLF is predicted.

[0550] As one embodiment, maintaining the first timer including the first set of operations is performed if RLF is predicted.

[0551] As one embodiment, maintaining the first timer including the first set of operations is performed on the condition that at least RLF is predicted.

[0552] As one embodiment, maintaining the first timer including the first set of operations is performed in response to predicting RLF regardless of a time of occurrence of the predicted RLF.

[0553] As one embodiment, the terminal U01 predicts RLF based on UE implementation.

[0554] As one embodiment, the terminal U01 predicts RLF based on protocol specification.

[0555] As one embodiment, the terminal U01 predicts RLF based on intelligent model.

[0556] As an embodiment, the terminal U01 predicts an RLF based on an intelligent model for the RLF prediction.

[0557] As an embodiment, the predicting the RLF refers to predicting N310 consecutive out-of-sync indications; the N310 is a positive integer.

[0558] As an embodiment, the predicting the RLF refers to predicting that the number of consecutive out-of-sync indications will reach N310; the N310 is a positive integer.

[0559] As an embodiment, the predicting the RLF refers to predicting that the number of consecutive out-of-sync indications within the first time window will reach N310; the N310 is a positive integer.

[0560] As an embodiment, the predicting the RLF refers to predicting that the first timer will expire.

[0561] As an embodiment, the predicting the RLF refers to predicting that an RLF will occur.

[0562] As an embodiment, the predicting the RLF refers to predicting that a first indicator of an RLF occurrence will reach a first threshold.

[0563] As an embodiment, the first indicator includes a BLER (Block Error Rate).

[0564] As an embodiment, the first indicator includes a RSRP.

[0565] As an embodiment, the first indicator includes a RSRQ.

[0566] As an embodiment, the first indicator includes a probability.

[0567] As an embodiment, the first indicator includes a confidence level.

[0568] As an embodiment, the response to the predicting the RLF refers to when the predicting the RLF is predicted.

[0569] As an embodiment, the response to the predicting the RLF refers to as soon as the predicting the RLF is predicted.

[0570] As an embodiment, the response to the predicting the RLF refers to at least after the predicting the RLF is predicted.

[0571] As an embodiment, the maintaining the first timer refers to starting the first timer.

[0572] As one embodiment, the maintaining the first timer is stopping the first timer.

[0573] As one embodiment, the maintaining the first timer is changing a value of the first timer.

[0574] As one sub-embodiment of the above embodiment, the changing is increasing.

[0575] As one sub-embodiment of the above embodiment, the changing is decreasing.

[0576] As one sub-embodiment of the above embodiment, the changing the value of the first timer is according to RRC configuration.

[0577] As one sub-embodiment of the above embodiment, the changing the value of the first timer is according to the predicted information related to the RLF.

[0578] As one sub-embodiment of the above embodiment, the changing the value of the first timer means changing a current value of the first timer.

[0579] As one sub-embodiment of the above embodiment, the changing the value of the first timer means changing a value of the first timer at next start.

[0580] Embodiment 7

[0581] Embodiment 7 illustrates a flow chart of wireless signal transmission according to yet another embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG. 7. It is particularly noted that the sequence in this example does not limit the sequence of signal transmission and implementation in the present application.

[0582] For terminal U01, in step S7101, it is determined whether RLF is predicted, if RLF is predicted, step S7102 is executed, otherwise, step S7102 is not executed; in step S7102, it is determined whether the first timer is expired, if the first timer is expired, step S7103 is executed, otherwise, step S7103 is not executed; in step S7103, RLF is determined according to the measurement result; in step S7104, as a response of determining RLF, RRC connection reestablishment is started.

[0583] As one embodiment, the predicting RLF means referring to embodiment 6, which is not repeated here.

[0584] As one embodiment, the determining RLF according to the measurement result comprises: starting the first timer if the first counter reaches the first threshold.

[0585] As one embodiment, said "determining RLF based on the measurement result" comprises: if said first timer is running and said second counter reaches said second threshold, stopping said first timer.

[0586] As one embodiment, said "determining RLF based on the measurement result" comprises: if said first timer expires, determining RLF.

[0587] As one embodiment, said "based on the measurement result" means changing said first counter based on the measurement result.

[0588] As one embodiment, said "based on the measurement result" means changing said second counter based on the measurement result.

[0589] As one sub-embodiment of the above embodiment, said changing is increasing.

[0590] As one sub-embodiment of the above embodiment, said changing is not increasing.

[0591] As one sub-embodiment of the above embodiment, said changing is resetting.

[0592] As one embodiment, starting RRC connection reestablishment as soon as RLF is determined.

[0593] As one embodiment, starting RRC connection reestablishment if RLF is determined.

[0594] As one embodiment, starting RRC connection reestablishment on the condition that RLF is determined at least.

[0595] As one embodiment, starting RRC connection reestablishment as a response to determining RLF is independent of the time when the determination of RLF occurs.

[0596] As one embodiment, determining RLF after said predicting RLF and before said starting RRC connection reestablishment.

[0597] As one embodiment, not determining RLF after said not predicting RLF.

[0598] As one embodiment, not starting RRC connection reestablishment after said not predicting RLF.

[0599] As one embodiment, not determining RLF and not starting RRC connection reestablishment after said not predicting RLF.

[0600] As one embodiment, no legitimate event triggering the determination of RLF is detected within the time interval from said predicting RLF to said starting RRC connection reestablishment.

[0601] As one embodiment, the legitimate event triggering the determination of the RLF comprises expiration of the first timer.

[0602] As one embodiment, the legitimate event triggering the determination of the RLF comprises expiration of T312.

[0603] As one embodiment, the legitimate event triggering the determination of the RLF comprises receiving a Random Access problem indication from a MCG MAC and none of T300, T301, T304, T311, T316 and T319 are running and a Small Data Transmission (SDT) procedure is not ongoing.

[0604] As one embodiment, the legitimate event triggering the determination of the RLF comprises reaching a RLC maximum retransmission number and a SDT procedure is not ongoing.

[0605] As one embodiment, the legitimate event triggering the determination of the RLF comprises receiving a consecutive uplink Listen Before Talk (LBT) failure indication from a MCG MAC.

[0606] As one embodiment, the legitimate event triggering the determination of the RLF comprises expiration of T304 of a MCG.

[0607] Embodiment 8

[0608] Figure 8 shows a flow chart of wireless signal transmission according to still another embodiment of the present application, as shown in Figure 8. It is particularly explained that the sequence in this example does not limit the sequence of signal transmission and the sequence of implementation in the present application.

[0609] For the terminal U01, in step S8101, RLF prediction is performed, if the RLF is predicted, step S8102(a) is performed, otherwise, step S8102(b) is performed; in step S8102(a), a first notification is sent; in step S8103(b), the first notification is received; in step S8102(b), a second notification is sent; in step S8103(b), the second notification is received; in step S8104, the first timer is maintained, including a first set of operations.

[0610] In embodiment 8, the first notification indicates that the RLF is predicted; the second notification indicates that the RLF is not predicted.

[0611] As one embodiment, the meaning of the prediction of the RLF and the maintenance of the first timer including the first set of operations refers to embodiment 6, which will not be repeated here.

[0612] As one embodiment, the first notification is an indication.

[0613] As one embodiment, the first notification is a notification.

[0614] As one embodiment, the first notification is a cross-layer indication.

[0615] As one embodiment, the first notification is a cross-entity indication.

[0616] As one embodiment, the first notification is within the terminal U01.

[0617] As one embodiment, the first notification is transmitted and received within the terminal U01.

[0618] As one embodiment, the first notification is transmitted when an RLF is predicted.

[0619] As one embodiment, the first notification is transmitted when an RLF is predicted to occur within the first time window.

[0620] As one embodiment, the first notification is transmitted when a number of consecutive predicted out-of-sync indications within the first time window reaches a third threshold.

[0621] As one embodiment, second signaling indicates the third threshold.

[0622] As one embodiment, the first notification indicates the predicted RLF.

[0623] As one embodiment, the first notification indicates an RLF is predicted to occur within the first time window.

[0624] As one embodiment, the first notification indicates a number of consecutive predicted out-of-sync indications within the first time window reaches a third threshold.

[0625] As one embodiment, the second notification is an indication.

[0626] As one embodiment, the second notification is a notification.

[0627] As one embodiment, the second notification is a cross-layer indication.

[0628] As one embodiment, the second notification is a cross-entity indication.

[0629] As one embodiment, the second notification is within the terminal U01.

[0630] As one embodiment, the second notification is transmitted and received within the terminal U01.

[0631] As one embodiment, the second notification is transmitted when it is predicted that the RLF will not occur.

[0632] As one embodiment, the second notification is transmitted when it is predicted whether the RLF will occur within the first time window.

[0633] As one embodiment, the second notification is transmitted when it is predicted that the number of consecutive predicted out-of-sync indications within the first time window does not reach a third threshold.

[0634] As one embodiment, the second notification is transmitted when it is predicted that the number of consecutive predicted in-sync indications within the first time window reaches a fourth threshold.

[0635] As one embodiment, the second signaling indicates the fourth threshold.

[0636] As one embodiment, the second notification indicates that the RLF is not predicted.

[0637] As one embodiment, the second notification indicates that the RLF will not occur within the first time window.

[0638] As one embodiment, the second notification indicates that the number of consecutive predicted out-of-sync indications within the first time window does not reach a third threshold.

[0639] As one embodiment, the second notification indicates that the number of consecutive predicted in-sync indications within the first time window reaches a fourth threshold.

[0640] As one embodiment, the dashed box F8.1 is optional.

[0641] As one embodiment, the dashed box F8.1 is not present.

[0642] As one embodiment, the dashed box F8.1 is present.

[0643] As one embodiment, the dashed box F8.1 depends on the step S8101.

[0644] As one embodiment, the dashed box F8.1 is not present and the step S8101 is present.

[0645] As one embodiment, the dashed box F8.1 is present and the step S8101 is present.

[0646] Embodiment 9

[0647] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of wireless signal transmission according to still another embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG. 9. It is particularly noted that the sequence in this example does not limit the sequence of signal transmission and the sequence of implementation in the present application.

[0648] For the terminal U01, in step S9101, RLF prediction is performed; in step S9102, it is determined whether RLF is predicted, if RLF is not predicted, step S9103 is performed, otherwise, step S9104 is performed; in step S9103, it is determined whether the confidence level is less than the fifth threshold value, if the confidence level is less than the fifth threshold value, step S9104 is performed, otherwise, step S9104 is not performed; in step S9104, the first timer including the first set of operations is maintained.

[0649] In the embodiment 9, the confidence level of the intelligent model prediction result is the confidence level of the intelligent model prediction result.

[0650] As an embodiment, the confidence level of the intelligent model prediction result is the accuracy of the intelligent model prediction result.

[0651] As an embodiment, the confidence level of the intelligent model prediction result is the correctness of the intelligent model prediction result.

[0652] As an embodiment, the confidence level of the intelligent model prediction result is indicated by the intelligent model.

[0653] As an embodiment, the fifth threshold value is determined by the terminal U01 itself, and the advantage is that the terminal U01 can determine the fifth threshold value according to its own performance needs.

[0654] As an embodiment, the fifth threshold value ranges between 0 and 1.

[0655] As an embodiment, the fifth threshold value can be 0.

[0656] As an embodiment, the fifth threshold value can be 1.

[0657] As an embodiment, if the fifth threshold value is 0, as long as RLF is not predicted, the first timer is maintained without including the first set of operations at least one.

[0658] As an embodiment, if the fifth threshold value is 1, regardless of whether RLF is predicted or not, the first timer is maintained including the first set of operations.

[0659] As an embodiment, the prediction of RLF and the maintenance of the first timer including the first set of operations refer to the embodiment 6, which will not be described here.

[0660] Embodiment 10

[0661] Embodiment 10 illustrates an example of predicting RLF according to an embodiment of the application, as shown in FIG. 10. In the FIG. 10, the horizontal axis represents time, t10.1 is the start time of the first time window, t10.2 is the end time of the first time window, the solid single-headed arrow represents a predicted in-sync indication, the dashed single-headed arrow represents a predicted out-of-sync indication, and every other predicted indication corresponds to a prediction evaluation occasion.

[0662] In Embodiment 10, the predicting RLF relies on at least one of a number of predicted in-sync indications or a number of predicted out-of-sync indications within the first time window; the predicted in-sync indication or the predicted out-of-sync indication relies on the at least first reference signal.

[0663] As one embodiment, the predicted out-of-sync indication relies on a predicted link quality for the at least first reference signal.

[0664] As one embodiment, the predicted link quality is RSRP.

[0665] As one embodiment, the predicted link quality is RSRQ.

[0666] As one embodiment, the predicted link quality is BLER.

[0667] As one embodiment, the predicted link quality is L1 filtered or L3 filtered.

[0668] As one embodiment, the predicted link quality is unfiltered.

[0669] As one embodiment, the predicted link quality is a new quantity.

[0670] As one embodiment, an out-of-sync indication is predicted if a predicted link quality for each of the at least first reference signal is worse than a first predicted out-of-sync threshold within a prediction out-of-sync evaluation period.

[0671] As one embodiment, the first predicted out-of-sync threshold is a Q out .

[0672] As one embodiment, the first predicted out-of-sync threshold is not a Q out .

[0673] As one embodiment, the predicted in-sync indication relies on a predicted link quality for the at least first reference signal.

[0674] As one embodiment, a synchronization indication is predicted if a predicted link quality for at least one of the at least first reference signals is better than a first predicted in-sync threshold in a predicted in-sync evaluation period.

[0675] As one embodiment, the first predicted in-sync threshold is a Qout configured by rlmInSyncOutOfSyncThreshold. in .

[0676] As one embodiment, the first predicted in-sync threshold is not a Qout configured by rlmInSyncOutOfSyncThreshold. in .

[0677] As one embodiment, the predicted evaluation occasion can not exist in actual application for the sake of clarity.

[0678] As one embodiment, at each predicted evaluation occasion, there is either a predicted in-sync indication or a predicted out-of-sync indication.

[0679] As one embodiment, at a predicted evaluation occasion, there is neither a predicted in-sync indication nor a predicted out-of-sync indication.

[0680] As one embodiment, the length of the predicted in-sync evaluation period is equal to the length of the predicted out-of-sync evaluation period.

[0681] As one embodiment, the length of the predicted in-sync evaluation period is not equal to the length of the predicted out-of-sync evaluation period.

[0682] As one embodiment, the length of the predicted in-sync evaluation period is the length of the in-sync evaluation period.

[0683] As one embodiment, the length of the predicted in-sync evaluation period is not the length of the in-sync evaluation period.

[0684] As one embodiment, the length of the predicted indication period is equal to the length of the indication period.

[0685] As one embodiment, the length of the in-sync evaluation period refers to TInSync of TS 38.133. Evaluate_in_SSB .

[0686] As one embodiment, the length of the out-of-sync evaluation period refers to TOutofSync of TS 38.133. Evaluate_out_SSB .

[0687] As one embodiment, the length of the in-sync evaluation period is equal to the length of the out-of-sync evaluation period.

[0688] As an embodiment, the length of the synchronization evaluation period and the length of the out-of-sync evaluation period are not equal.

[0689] As an embodiment, the method above can maintain the continuity of the predicted synchronization indication and / or the predicted out-of-sync indication based on the synchronization indication and / or the out-of-sync indication.

[0690] As an embodiment, the length of the prediction indication period and the length of the indication period are not equal.

[0691] As an embodiment, the method above makes the prediction more flexible independently of the synchronization indication and / or the out-of-sync indication.

[0692] As an embodiment, the embodiment above does not limit the position of the evaluation occasion in the prediction indication period.

[0693] As an embodiment, the prediction evaluation occasion is only for the sake of clarity to evaluate every other prediction indication period to determine whether there is a predicted out-of-sync indication or a predicted synchronization indication, and in actual applications, no specific limitation is made.

[0694] As an embodiment, the predicted RLF is predicted out of the number of the predicted synchronization indications in a first time window.

[0695] As an embodiment, the absence of at least P2 consecutive predicted synchronization indications in the first time window triggers the predicted RLF; the P2 is a positive integer.

[0696] As an embodiment, the method above is simple to implement.

[0697] As an embodiment, the P2 is the difference between N311 and R2; the R2 is the number of consecutive synchronization indications received by the time the predicted RLF is predicted.

[0698] As an embodiment, the P2 is less than N311.

[0699] As an embodiment, the method above uses a smaller P2 than N311 to reduce the probability of predicting the RLF.

[0700] As an embodiment, the P2 is greater than N311.

[0701] As an embodiment, the method above uses a larger P2 than N311 to provide a fault tolerance rate of the prediction.

[0702] As an embodiment, the P2 is N321.

[0703] As an embodiment, the ratio of the predicted in-sync indications within the first time window is no more than a threshold triggers the predicting RLF.

[0704] As a sub-embodiment of the above embodiment, the no more than is less than.

[0705] As a sub-embodiment of the above embodiment, the no more than is less than or equal to.

[0706] As a sub-embodiment of the above embodiment, the threshold is configurable.

[0707] As a sub-embodiment of the above embodiment, the threshold is default.

[0708] As a sub-embodiment of the above embodiment, the ratio of the predicted in-sync indications within the first time window refers to a ratio of a number of the predicted in-sync indications within the first time window to a number of predicted indication periods within the first time window.

[0709] As a sub-embodiment of the above embodiment, the ratio of the predicted in-sync indications within the first time window refers to a ratio of a number of the predicted in-sync indications within the first time window to a number of the predicted out-of-sync indications within the first time window.

[0710] As an embodiment, the predicting RLF depends on a number of the predicted out-of-sync indications within a first time window.

[0711] As an embodiment, at least P1 consecutive predicted out-of-sync indications within the first time window triggers the predicting RLF; the P1 is a positive integer.

[0712] As an embodiment, the P1 is less than N310.

[0713] As an embodiment, the above method employs a smaller P1 than N310 to facilitate earlier prediction of RLF.

[0714] As an embodiment, the P1 is greater than N310.

[0715] As an embodiment, the above method employs a larger P1 than N310 to avoid the impact of prediction error.

[0716] As an embodiment, the P1 is N310.

[0717] As an embodiment, the above method is simple to implement.

[0718] As an embodiment, the P1 is N310 minus R1; the R1 is a number of consecutive out-of-sync indications received since the time when the RLF is predicted.

[0719] As an embodiment, the P1 is N320.

[0720] As an embodiment, a ratio of the predicted out-of-sync indications in the first time window is no less than a threshold triggers the prediction of RLF.

[0721] As a sub-embodiment of the above embodiment, the no less than is greater than.

[0722] As a sub-embodiment of the above embodiment, the no less than is greater than or equal to.

[0723] As a sub-embodiment of the above embodiment, the threshold is configurable.

[0724] As a sub-embodiment of the above embodiment, the threshold is default.

[0725] As a sub-embodiment of the above embodiment, the ratio of the predicted out-of-sync indications in the first time window refers to a ratio of a number of the predicted out-of-sync indications in the first time window to a number of predicted indication periods in the first time window.

[0726] As a sub-embodiment of the above embodiment, the ratio of the predicted out-of-sync indications in the first time window refers to a ratio of a number of the predicted out-of-sync indications in the first time window to a number of the predicted in-sync indications in the first time window.

[0727] As an embodiment, the prediction of RLF depends on a number of the predicted in-sync indications and a number of the predicted out-of-sync indications in a first time window.

[0728] As an embodiment, a presence of at least P1 consecutive predicted out-of-sync indications in a second time window and a non-presence of at least P2 consecutive predicted in-sync indications in a first time window triggers the prediction of RLF; the P1 is a positive integer; the P2 is a positive integer; a start time of the first time window depends on an end time of the second time window.

[0729] As an embodiment, the first time window is implemented by a timer.

[0730] As an embodiment, a length of the first time window is indicated by a network.

[0731] As one embodiment, the length of the first time window is determined by the terminal.

[0732] As one embodiment, the length of the first time window is indicated by the related information of the predicted RLF.

[0733] As one embodiment, the first time window includes at least the P1 predicted indication periods.

[0734] As one embodiment, the length of the first time window is not less than (P1-1) predicted indication periods.

[0735] As one embodiment, the length of the first time window is not less than (P1-1) predicted indication periods and not greater than the P1 predicted indication periods.

[0736] As one embodiment, the first time window includes at least the P2 predicted indication periods.

[0737] As one embodiment, the length of the first time window is not less than (P2-1) predicted indication periods.

[0738] As one embodiment, the length of the first time window is not less than (P2-1) predicted indication periods and not greater than the P2 predicted indication periods.

[0739] As one embodiment, the first time window includes at least (P1+P2) predicted indication periods.

[0740] As one embodiment, the first time window is not less than the remaining time of the first counter; the first counter is a timer.

[0741] As one embodiment, the first time window is the remaining time of the first counter; the first counter is a timer.

[0742] As one embodiment, the first time window is greater than the remaining time of the first counter; the first counter is a timer.

[0743] As one embodiment, the first time window includes the remaining time of the first counter and at least one predicted indication period after the expiration time of the first counter; the first counter is a timer.

[0744] As one embodiment, the length of the first time sub-window is equal to the value of the first timer.

[0745] As one embodiment, the first time sub-window is the predicted running time of the first timer.

[0746] As one embodiment, the P2 consecutive predicted out-of-sync indications correspond to P2 consecutive predicted out-of-sync evaluation periods.

[0747] As one embodiment, the P1 consecutive predicted in-sync indications correspond to P1 consecutive predicted in-sync evaluation periods.

[0748] Embodiment 11

[0749] Embodiment 11 illustrates a diagram of a first counter and a second counter according to one embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG. 11. In the FIG. 11, the horizontal axis represents time, the dashed single-headed arrow represents an out-of-sync indication, and the solid single-headed arrow represents an in-sync indication.

[0750] In Embodiment 11, when the RRC sublayer of the terminal receives an out-of-sync indication from the physical layer, the first counter is incremented by 1 if the first timer is not running; when the RRC sublayer of the terminal receives an in-sync indication from the physical layer, the second counter is incremented by 1 if the first timer is running; the first timer is started if the first counter reaches the first threshold; the first timer is stopped if the second counter reaches the second threshold; the first timer is T310; and the first counter is N310.

[0751] As one embodiment, the out-of-sync indication is dependent on an evaluation of the at least first reference signal.

[0752] As one embodiment, the out-of-sync indication is dependent on an evaluation of a reference signal used for RLM.

[0753] As one embodiment, the in-sync indication is dependent on an evaluation of the at least first reference signal.

[0754] As one embodiment, the in-sync indication is dependent on an evaluation of a reference signal used for RLM.

[0755] As one embodiment, if the link quality evaluated for each of the at least first reference signal in an out-of-sync evaluation period is worse than Q out , the physical layer of the terminal sends an out-of-sync indication to the higher layer of the terminal.

[0756] As one embodiment, if the link quality evaluated for each of the at least first reference signal in an in-sync evaluation period is better than Q in, the physical layer of the terminal sends an out-of-sync indication to a higher layer of the terminal.

[0757] As an example, if the link quality evaluated for each reference signal used for RLM is worse than a Qout configured by rlmInSyncOutOfSyncThreshold during an out-of-sync evaluation period out , the physical layer of the terminal sends an out-of-sync indication to a higher layer of the terminal.

[0758] As an example, if the link quality evaluated for each reference signal used for RLM is better than a Qin configured by rlmInSyncOutOfSyncThreshold during an in-sync evaluation period in , the physical layer of the terminal sends an in-sync indication to a higher layer of the terminal.

[0759] Embodiment 12

[0760] Embodiment 12 illustrates a structure block diagram of a processing apparatus in a terminal according to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG. 12. In FIG. 12, the processing apparatus 1200 in the terminal comprises a first receiver 1201, a first processor 1202.

[0761] The first receiver 1201 receives a first signaling; wherein the first signaling indicates a first threshold and a second threshold;

[0762] The first processor 1202 maintains a first timer;

[0763] Wherein whether the maintaining the first timer comprises a first operation set depends on whether a RLF (Radio Link Failure) is predicted; the first operation set comprises: starting the first timer if a first counter reaches the first threshold; stopping the first timer if the first timer is running and a second counter reaches the second threshold; determining a RLF if the first timer expires; the first counter comprises a number of consecutive out-of-sync indications received; the second counter comprises a number of consecutive in-sync indications received;

[0764] Wherein whether the maintaining the first timer comprises the first operation set depends on whether a RLF is predicted comprises:

[0765] If a RLF is predicted, the maintaining the first timer comprises the first operation set;

[0766] If a RLF is not predicted, the maintaining the first timer does not comprise at least one of the first operation set.

[0767] As one embodiment, the first processor 1202 does not perform Radio Link Monitoring (RLM) if the RLF is not predicted; wherein the not performing Radio Link Monitoring is used to determine the maintaining the first timer comprises at least one of the first set of operations.

[0768] As one embodiment, the first processor 1202, the first set of operations comprises: increasing the first counter when an out-of-sync indication is received and the first timer is not running; increasing the second counter when an in-sync indication is received and the first timer is running.

[0769] As one embodiment, the first processor 1202, the predicting the RLF comprises: predicting that the RLF will occur within a first time window.

[0770] As one embodiment, the first processor 1202, receiving at least a first reference signal; the predicting that the RLF will occur within a first time window comprises: a number of consecutive predicted out-of-sync indications within the first time window reaches a third threshold; wherein the predicted out-of-sync indications are dependent on the at least first reference signal.

[0771] As one embodiment, the first processor 1202, sending a first notification; receiving the first notification; wherein the first notification indicates the predicting the RLF.

[0772] As one embodiment, the first processor 1202, sending a second notification; receiving the second notification; wherein the second notification indicates the not predicting the RLF.

[0773] As one embodiment, the first receiver 1201, receiving a second signaling; wherein the second signaling enables RLF prediction; wherein when at least the second signaling enables RLF prediction, whether the maintaining the first timer comprises a first set of operations is dependent on whether the RLF is predicted.

[0774] As one embodiment, the first processor 1202 comprises a first transmitter.

[0775] As one embodiment, the first processor 1202 comprises the third module in FIG. 15; the third module performs the RLF prediction.

[0776] As one embodiment, the first processor 1202 comprises the smart module 1401 in FIG. 14; the smart module 1401 performs the RLF prediction.

[0777] As one embodiment, the first processor 1202 includes the inference function 1706 in FIG. 17; the inference function 1706 performs the RLF prediction.

[0778] As one embodiment, the first receiver 1202 includes at least one of the antenna 452 or the receiver 454 or the multiple antenna reception processor 458 or the reception processor 456 or the controller / processor 459 or the memory 460 or the data source 467 in FIG. 4.

[0779] As one embodiment, the first receiver 1201 includes at least the antenna 452 and the receiver 454 in FIG. 4.

[0780] As one embodiment, the first transmitter includes at least one of the antenna 452 or the transmitter 454 or the multiple antenna transmission processor 457 or the transmission processor 468 or the controller / processor 459 or the memory 460 or the data source 467 in FIG. 4.

[0781] As one embodiment, the first transmitter includes at least the antenna 452 and the transmitter 454 in FIG. 4.

[0782] As one embodiment, the terminal includes: one or more processors and a memory; the memory is coupled with the one or more processors; the memory is configured to store computer program codes; the computer program codes include computer instructions; the one or more processors invoke the computer instructions to cause the terminal to perform the method in the present application which is used in the terminal; the one or more processors and the memory include the first receiver 1201 and the first processor 1202.

[0783] Embodiment 13

[0784] Embodiment 13 illustrates a structural block diagram of a processing apparatus used in a base station according to one embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG. 13. In FIG. 13, the processing apparatus 1300 in the base station includes a second transmitter 1301, a second receiver 1302.

[0785] The second transmitter 1301 transmits first signaling; wherein the first signaling indicates a first threshold and a second threshold; wherein a receiver of the first signaling maintains a first timer; whether the maintaining the first timer includes a first set of operations depends on whether an RLF is predicted; the first set of operations includes: starting the first timer if a first counter reaches the first threshold; stopping the first timer if the first timer is running and a second counter reaches the second threshold; determining an RLF if the first timer expires; the first counter includes a number of consecutive out-of-sync indications received; the second counter includes a number of consecutive in-sync indications received.

[0786] In embodiment 13, whether the maintaining the first timer includes the first set of operations depends on whether an RLF is predicted includes: if the RLF is predicted, the maintaining the first timer includes the first set of operations; if the RLF is not predicted, the maintaining the first timer does not include at least one of the first set of operations.

[0787] As one embodiment, if the RLF is not predicted, wireless link monitoring is not performed; wherein the not performing the wireless link monitoring is used to determine that the maintaining the first timer does not include at least one of the first set of operations.

[0788] As one embodiment, the first set of operations includes: increasing the first counter when an out-of-sync indication is received and the first timer is not running; increasing the second counter when an in-sync indication is received and the first timer is running.

[0789] As one embodiment, the predicting the RLF includes: predicting that the RLF will occur within a first time window.

[0790] As one embodiment, at least a first reference signal is transmitted; the predicting that the RLF will occur within the first time window includes: a number of consecutive predicted out-of-sync indications within the first time window reaches a third threshold; wherein the predicted out-of-sync indications depend on the at least first reference signal.

[0791] As one embodiment, a receiver of the first signaling transmits a first notification; the receiver of the first signaling receives the first notification; wherein the first notification indicates the predicting the RLF.

[0792] As one embodiment, a receiver of the first signaling transmits a second notification; the receiver of the first signaling receives the second notification; wherein the second notification indicates the not predicting the RLF.

[0793] As one embodiment, the processing device 1300 in the base station includes a second receiver 1302.

[0794] As one embodiment, the processing device 1300 in the base station comprises the third module in FIG. 15.

[0795] As one embodiment, the processing device 1300 in the base station comprises the training function 1602 of the RAN domain in FIG. 16.

[0796] As one embodiment, the processing device 1300 in the base station comprises the inference function 1706 in FIG. 17.

[0797] As one embodiment, the processing device 1300 in the base station comprises one inference function, i.e., 1604 or 1606, in FIG. 16.

[0798] As one embodiment, the second transmitter 1301 comprises at least one of the antenna 420 or the transmitter 418 or the multi-antenna transmit processor 471 or the transmit processor 416 or the controller / processor 475 or the memory 476 in FIG. 4.

[0799] As one embodiment, the second transmitter 1301 comprises at least the antenna 420 and the transmitter 418 in FIG. 4.

[0800] As one embodiment, the second receiver 1302 comprises at least one of the antenna 420 or the receiver 418 or the multi-antenna receive processor 472 or the receive processor 470 or the controller / processor 475 or the memory 476 in FIG. 4.

[0801] As one embodiment, the second receiver 1302 comprises at least the antenna 420 and the receiver 418 in FIG. 4.

[0802] As one embodiment, the base station comprises: one or more processors and a memory; the memory is coupled to the one or more processors, and the memory is configured to store computer program codes, the computer program codes comprise computer instructions, and the one or more processors invoke the computer instructions to cause the base station to perform the method in the present application which is used in the base station; the one or more processors and the memory comprise the second transmitter 1301.

[0803] Embodiment 14

[0804] Embodiment 14 illustrates a schematic diagram of the transmission of the first notification and the second notification according to one embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG. 14. The terminal 1400 comprises a smart module 1401 and a legacy module 1402.

[0805] In embodiment 14, the intelligent module 1401 of the terminal 1400 sends the first notification; the legitimate module 1402 of the terminal 1400 receives the first notification; wherein the first notification indicates that the RLF is predicted.

[0806] In embodiment 14, the intelligent module 1401 of the terminal 1400 sends the second notification; the legitimate module 1402 of the terminal 1400 receives the second notification; wherein the second notification indicates that the RLF is not predicted.

[0807] As one embodiment, the performing RLF prediction comprises sending the first notification.

[0808] As one embodiment, the intelligent module 1401 of the terminal 1400 sends the first notification in response to performing RLF prediction; the legitimate module 1402 of the terminal 1400 receives the first notification; wherein the first notification indicates that the RLF is predicted.

[0809] As one embodiment, the performing RLF prediction comprises sending the first notification and receiving the first notification.

[0810] As one embodiment, the first notification comprises information related to the predicted RLF.

[0811] As one embodiment, the intelligent module 1401 of the terminal 1400 sends the second notification in response to performing RLF prediction; the legitimate module 1402 of the terminal 1400 receives the second notification; wherein the second notification indicates that the RLF is not predicted.

[0812] As one embodiment, the performing RLF prediction comprises sending the second notification and receiving the second notification.

[0813] As one embodiment, the second notification comprises information related to the not predicted RLF.

[0814] As one sub-embodiment of the above-mentioned embodiment, the above-mentioned method avoids triggering unreasonable UE behavior by updating prediction information.

[0815] As one sub-embodiment of the above-mentioned embodiment, the above-mentioned method is beneficial to UE decision.

[0816] As one sub-embodiment of the above-mentioned embodiment, the not predicted RLF means that RLF will not occur at the time of occurrence of the predicted RLF.

[0817] As one embodiment, in response to receiving the first notification, an indication is sent to a lower layer; the indication is received at the RRC sublayer.

[0818] As one embodiment, in response to receiving the first notification, an indication is sent to a higher layer; the indication is received at the RRC sublayer.

[0819] As one subembodiment of the above embodiment, the indication indicates the first notification.

[0820] As one subembodiment of the above embodiment, the indication includes the first notification.

[0821] As one embodiment, in response to receiving the second notification, an indication is sent to a lower layer; the indication is received at the RRC sublayer.

[0822] As one embodiment, in response to receiving the second notification, an indication is sent to a higher layer; the indication is received at the RRC sublayer.

[0823] As one subembodiment of the above embodiment, the indication indicates the second notification.

[0824] As one subembodiment of the above embodiment, the indication includes the second notification.

[0825] As one embodiment, the legality module is logical.

[0826] As one embodiment, the legality module is physical.

[0827] As one embodiment, the legality module determines RLF if the first counter reaches a first threshold.

[0828] As one embodiment, the legality module receives at least a first reference signal.

[0829] As one embodiment, in response to receiving the first notification, the maintaining first timer includes the first set of operations.

[0830] As one embodiment, in response to determining RLF, the legality module initiates RRC connection reestablishment.

[0831] As one embodiment, in response to receiving the second notification, the maintaining first timer does not include at least one of the first set of operations.

[0832] As one embodiment, the legality module is a protocol entity.

[0833] As one embodiment, the legal module is an RRC protocol entity.

[0834] As one embodiment, the legal module is at the RRC sublayer.

[0835] As one embodiment, the legal module is at a higher layer than the RRC sublayer.

[0836] As one embodiment, the legal module is at a lower layer than the RRC sublayer.

[0837] As one embodiment, the legal module supports 3GPP Release 17.

[0838] As one embodiment, the legal module supports 3GPP Release 18.

[0839] As one embodiment, the legal module does not have either of a training function or an inference function.

[0840] As one embodiment, the legal module is not an intelligent module.

[0841] As one embodiment, the intelligent module is a hardware.

[0842] As one embodiment, the intelligent module is a software.

[0843] As one embodiment, the intelligent module is a program.

[0844] As one embodiment, the intelligent module is a function.

[0845] As one embodiment, the intelligent module is a protocol entity.

[0846] As one embodiment, the intelligent module is an AI entity.

[0847] As one embodiment, the intelligent module is an ML entity.

[0848] As one embodiment, the intelligent module is an AI / ML entity.

[0849] As one embodiment, the intelligent module is logical.

[0850] As one embodiment, the intelligent module is physical.

[0851] As one embodiment, the intelligent module performs RLF prediction.

[0852] As one embodiment, the intelligent module processes the at least one intelligent model.

[0853] As an embodiment, the intelligent module comprises at least one of the second module or the third module in the intelligent model shown in the embodiment 15.

[0854] As an embodiment, the interface between the legal module and the intelligent module is defined by 3GPP protocol.

[0855] As an embodiment, the interface between the legal module and the intelligent module is based on UE implementation.

[0856] As an embodiment, the interface between the legal module and the intelligent module is logical.

[0857] As an embodiment, the interface between the legal module and the intelligent module is physical.

[0858] Embodiment 15

[0859] Embodiment 15 shows a schematic diagram of an intelligent model according to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in the attached drawing 15. The attached drawing 15 comprises a first module, a second module, a third module, a fourth module and a fifth module.

[0860] In the intelligent model shown in the attached drawing 15 in the embodiment 15, the first module sends a first data set to the second module, the first module sends a second data set to the third module, the first module sends a third data set to the fifth module, the fifth module sends a first parameter group to the second module, the fifth module sends a second parameter group to the third module, the fifth module sends a third parameter group to the fourth module, the second module sends a fourth parameter group to the fourth module, and the fourth module sends a fifth parameter group to the third module.

[0861] As an embodiment, the first module, the second module, the third module, the fourth module and the fifth module in an intelligent model all belong to the terminal.

[0862] The above method avoids air interface signaling interaction and shortens transmission delay.

[0863] As an embodiment, any of the first module, the second module, the third module, the fourth module and the fifth module in an intelligent model does not belong to the terminal.

[0864] The above method reduces hardware complexity of the terminal.

[0865] As an embodiment, at least one of the first module, the second module, the third module, the fourth module and the fifth module in the intelligent model belongs to the terminal; and at least one of the first module, the second module, the third module, the fourth module and the fifth module belongs to the network node.

[0866] The above method balances the hardware complexity and transmission delay of the terminal.

[0867] As an embodiment, the first module is used for data collection.

[0868] As an embodiment, the first module is responsible for data collection.

[0869] As an embodiment, the first module has a data collection function.

[0870] As an embodiment, the second module has a training function.

[0871] As an embodiment, the training function is used for model training.

[0872] As an embodiment, the training function is responsible for model training.

[0873] As an embodiment, the training function has a model training function.

[0874] As an embodiment, the training function performs model training.

[0875] As an embodiment, the second module performs validation.

[0876] As an embodiment, the second module performs testing.

[0877] As an embodiment, the second module generates model performance metrics.

[0878] As an embodiment, the second module is responsible for data preparation.

[0879] As an embodiment, the data preparation includes at least one of data pre-processing, or cleaning, or formatting, or transformation.

[0880] As an example, the third module is configured to perform inference.

[0881] As an example, the inference function is configured to perform inference.

[0882] As an example, the inference function is responsible for inference.

[0883] As an example, the fourth module is configured for model storage.

[0884] As an example, the fourth module is configured to perform model storage function.

[0885] As an example, the fourth module is responsible for storing trained models.

[0886] As an example, the fourth module is responsible for storing trained models that can be used to perform inference processing.

[0887] As an example, the fifth module is configured for management.

[0888] As an example, the fifth module is responsible for management.

[0889] As an example, the fifth module is configured to perform management function.

[0890] As an example, the fifth module manages intelligent models.

[0891] As an example, the first dataset is training data.

[0892] As an example, the first dataset is input to the second module.

[0893] As an example, the second dataset is inference data.

[0894] As an example, the second dataset is input to the third module.

[0895] As an example, the third dataset is monitoring data.

[0896] As an example, the third dataset is input to the fifth module.

[0897] As an example, the first set of parameters includes monitoring output.

[0898] As one embodiment, the second type of parameter set includes a management instruction.

[0899] As one embodiment, the second type of parameter set is used for fine-tune operation of inference function.

[0900] As one embodiment, the second type of parameter set includes an identification of a model.

[0901] As one embodiment, the second type of parameter set is used for selecting a model.

[0902] As one embodiment, the second type of parameter set is used for switching a model.

[0903] As one embodiment, the second type of parameter set is used for activating / deactivating a model.

[0904] As one embodiment, the second type of parameter set is used for fallback intelligent model.

[0905] As one embodiment, the third type of parameter set includes a model transfer request.

[0906] As one embodiment, the third type of parameter set includes a model delivery request.

[0907] As one embodiment, the fourth type of parameter set includes a trained model.

[0908] As one embodiment, the fourth type of parameter set includes an updated model.

[0909] As one embodiment, the fourth type of parameter set indicates an identification of a model.

[0910] As one embodiment, the fifth type of parameter set includes a model transfer.

[0911] As one embodiment, the fifth type of parameter set includes a model delivery.

[0912] As one embodiment, the fifth type of parameter set indicates an identification of a model.

[0913] As one embodiment, the first type of output is absent.

[0914] As one embodiment, the first type of output is present.

[0915] As one embodiment, the second module sends the first type of output to the fifth module.

[0916] As one embodiment, the first type of output comprises monitoring output.

[0917] As one embodiment, the second type of output is absent.

[0918] As one embodiment, the second type of output is present.

[0919] As one embodiment, the third module sends the second type of output to the fifth module.

[0920] As one embodiment, the second type of output comprises Inference Output.

[0921] As one embodiment, the second type of output is used by the fifth module to monitor the performance of the AI / ML model.

[0922] As one embodiment, the second type of output indicates the result of the execution of the RLF prediction.

[0923] As one embodiment, the second type of output indicates that the RLF is predicted.

[0924] As one embodiment, the second type of output comprises relevant information of the predicted RLF.

[0925] As one embodiment, the first dataset in the intelligent model is configured by the network.

[0926] As one embodiment, the first dataset in the intelligent model is determined by the terminal.

[0927] As one embodiment, the first dataset in the intelligent model comprises storage data of the terminal; the storage data can be from the network, can be from the log of the terminal, and can be from other RAN nodes.

[0928] As one embodiment, the first dataset in the intelligent model comprises measurement information of the terminal; the measurement information can be the moving state of the terminal, such as the moving speed, or the number of switched cells in a given time interval, etc.; the measurement information can also be the measurement result for the reference signal, such as the cell-level measurement result, or the beam-level measurement result, or the time-domain measurement result, or the frequency-domain measurement result, or the spatial-domain measurement result, or a combination thereof, etc.

[0929] As one embodiment, the first data set in the intelligent model comprises measurement results for the at least first reference signal.

[0930] As one embodiment, the second data set in the intelligent model is configured by the network.

[0931] As one embodiment, the second data set in the intelligent model is determined by the terminal.

[0932] As one embodiment, the second data set in the intelligent model comprises stored data of the terminal; the stored data can be from the network, can be from logs of the terminal, and can be from other RAN nodes.

[0933] As one embodiment, the second data set in the intelligent model comprises measurement information of the terminal; the measurement information can be a moving state of the terminal, such as a moving speed, or a number of switched cells in a given time interval, etc.; the measurement information can also be measurement results for reference signals, such as cell-level measurement results, or beam-level measurement results, or time-domain measurement results, or frequency-domain measurement results, or spatial-domain measurement results, or a combination thereof, etc.

[0934] As one embodiment, the second data set in the intelligent model comprises measurement results for the at least first reference signal.

[0935] As one embodiment, the third data set in the intelligent model is configured by the network.

[0936] As one embodiment, the third data set in the intelligent model is determined by the terminal.

[0937] As one embodiment, the third data set in the intelligent model comprises stored data of the terminal; the stored data can be from the network, can be from logs of the terminal, and can be from other RAN nodes.

[0938] As one embodiment, the third data set in the intelligent model comprises measurement information of the terminal; the measurement information can be a moving state of the terminal, such as a moving speed, or a number of switched cells in a given time interval, etc.; the measurement information can also be measurement results for reference signals, such as cell-level measurement results, or beam-level measurement results, or time-domain measurement results, or frequency-domain measurement results, or spatial-domain measurement results, or a combination thereof, etc.

[0939] As one embodiment, the third data set in the intelligent model comprises measurement results for the at least first reference signal.

[0940] As one embodiment, the RLF prediction is performed by the intelligent model.

[0941] As one embodiment, the embodiment 15 is only for illustrating that the present application can be applied to the intelligent model, the embodiment does not limit that the present application is applied to the non-intelligent operation, and the embodiment does not limit that the present application is applied to other types of intelligent models to achieve the effect equivalent to the intelligent model shown in the figure 15.

[0942] Embodiment 16

[0943] The embodiment 16 illustrates a schematic diagram of the intelligent function deployment of the RAN (Radio Access Network, wireless access network) domain according to one embodiment of the present application; as shown in the figure 16. The gNB in the embodiment 16 can be replaced by the network device such as eNB, or 6G base station, etc.

[0944] The intelligent function of the RAN domain includes the training (also referred to as ML training, or AI training, or AI / ML training) function, the testing (also referred to as ML testing, or AI testing, or AI / ML testing) function, the inference (also referred to as ML inference, or AI inference, or AI / ML inference) function, etc. The training function, the testing function, and the inference function can be independently deployed or co-located deployed. The deployment of the intelligent function can be realized by software, such as the download and / or running of the executable file; or realized by the combination of software and hardware, such as the acceleration of the specific computing unit by hardware to improve the operation speed or save the power consumption.

[0945] For the training function, it can be deployed in the cross-domain management system, or the domain-specific management system for managing the RAN domain or the CN (Core Network, core network) domain. For example, the training function for MDA (Management Data Analytics, management data analytics) can be deployed in the MDAF (MDA function); the training for network data analysis can be deployed in the NWDAF (Network Data Analytics Function, network data function), that is, the training function is MTLF (Model Training logical function, model training logical function).

[0946] For the inference function, it can also be deployed in the cross-domain management system or the domain-specific management system; for example, the inference function is MDAF, or the inference function is AnLF (Analytics logical function) located in the NWDAF.

[0947] Similarly, the test function can also be deployed in the cross-domain management system or the domain-specific management system.

[0948] In embodiment 15, the training function 1602 of the RAN domain is located in the management function 1603 of the RAN domain; and the inference function is located in the base station, that is, the inference function 1604 is located in the gNB 1605, and the inference function 1606 is located in the gNB 1607.

[0949] In FIG. 16, the management of the inference function of the plurality of base stations is completed by the RAN domain management function 1603, that is, data interaction is performed with the RAN domain MnS (Management Service) consumer / cross-domain management 1601 (as shown by the dashed arrow 1608 in FIG. 16).

[0950] Optionally, the management of the inference function can also be completed by the base station itself, that is, each base station can independently perform data interaction with the RAN domain MnS consumer / cross-domain management 1601.

[0951] It should be noted that embodiment 16 is only one non-limiting implementation; optionally, the training function of the RAN domain can also be deployed in the base station; or optionally, part of the base stations deploy the inference function and the training function of the RAN domain, and part of the base stations only deploy the inference function.

[0952] As an example, one gNB (or base station) in embodiment 16 is the base station of the application.

[0953] As an example, one inference function in FIG. 16 performs RLF prediction.

[0954] Embodiment 17

[0955] Embodiment 17 illustrates a schematic diagram of UE intelligent function deployment according to one embodiment of the application; as shown in FIG. 17. The training function 1705 of the RAN domain in FIG. 17 is optional.

[0956] The UE intelligent function 1704 is deployed in the terminal of the application, and the UE intelligent function 1704 includes an inference function 1706; the inference function 1706 uses an intelligent model (also referred to as an AI model, or an ML model, or an AI / ML model) for inference; one intelligent model usually needs to be trained before being used for AI / ML inference.

[0957] As an embodiment, the UE intelligence function 1704 includes a RAN domain training function 1705 that runs training data through an intelligent model, derives a related loss, and adjusts parameters of the intelligent model based on the computed loss; the training includes at least one of ML initial training, ML re-training, and reinforcement learning.

[0958] The above embodiments can reduce the complexity of the base station, or save air interface resources caused by reporting training data; however, the above embodiments put higher requirements on the processing capability of the UE side.

[0959] Optionally, the UE intelligence function 1704 further includes a CN domain training function (not included in FIG. 17).

[0960] Optionally, the UE intelligence function 1704 further includes an intelligent deployment function (not included in FIG. 17) for loading intelligent models and data.

[0961] As an embodiment, the terminal indicates whether to support the training function (RAN domain or CN domain) through capability reporting, and the capability reporting is RRC signaling or NAS (Non-Access Stratum) signaling.

[0962] As an embodiment, the intelligent model and related metadata are loaded by the terminal from a network device or a remote server.

[0963] Optionally, the UE intelligence function 1704 is an MnS (Management Service) producer that provides data to the CN domain MnF (Management Function) 1701, and / or the RAN domain MnF 1702, and / or the cross-domain management system 1703 for management or analysis (as indicated by the double-headed arrow 1707).

[0964] Optionally, the UE intelligence function 1704 is an MnS consumer that loads data from the CN domain MnF 1701, and / or the RAN domain MnF 1702, and / or the cross-domain management system 1703 for AI / ML related management, such as management data request, intelligent model activation, and / or intelligent model training, etc. (as indicated by the double-headed arrow 1707).

[0965] As an embodiment, the intelligent model is based on a neural network.

[0966] As an embodiment, the intelligent model is based on a CNN (Conventional Neural Networks).

[0967] As an embodiment, the intelligent model is based on a Transformer architecture.

[0968] As an embodiment, the terminal in the present application comprises the inference function 1706 in the attached figure 17.

[0969] As an embodiment, the first processor in the present application comprises the inference function 1706 in the attached figure 17.

[0970] As an embodiment, the UE 201 in the attached figure 2 comprises the inference function 1706 in the attached figure 17.

[0971] As an embodiment, the first communication device 450 in the attached figure 4 comprises the inference function 1706 in the attached figure 17.

[0972] As an embodiment, the first processor 1202 in the attached figure 12 comprises the inference function 1706 in the attached figure 17.

[0973] As an embodiment, the intelligent module 1401 in the attached figure 14 comprises the inference function 1706 in the attached figure 17.

[0974] As an embodiment, the third module in the attached figure 15 comprises the inference function 1706 in the attached figure 17.

[0975] As an embodiment, the inference function 1706 in the attached figure 17 performs RLF prediction.

[0976] As an embodiment, the inference function 1706 in the attached figure 17 indicates the relevant information of the predicted RLF.

[0977] Embodiment 18

[0978] Embodiment 18 illustrates a flowchart based on artificial intelligence or machine learning according to an embodiment of the present application; as shown in the attached figure 18. The attached figure 18 comprises a third operation, a fourth operation, a fifth operation, a sixth operation and a seventh operation. In embodiment 18, the third operation and the fourth operation belong to the first stage, the fifth operation belongs to the second stage, the sixth operation belongs to the third stage, and the seventh operation belongs to the fourth stage. In the attached figure 18, the line with an arrow represents the order of the flow.

[0979] As one embodiment, the third operation comprises AI / ML training, the fourth operation comprises AI / ML testing, the fifth operation comprises AI / ML emulation, the sixth operation comprises AI / ML entity loading, and the seventh operation comprises AI / ML inference.

[0980] As one embodiment, the first phase comprises a training phase, the second phase comprises an emulation phase, the third phase comprises a deployment phase, and the fourth phase comprises an inference phase.

[0981] As one embodiment, the first phase comprises AI / ML model training.

[0982] As one embodiment, the first phase comprises AI / ML model training and AI / ML testing.

[0983] As one embodiment, the AI / ML model training comprises initial training and re-training of one or a set of AI / ML entities.

[0984] As one embodiment, the AI / ML model training relies on training data.

[0985] As one embodiment, the AI / ML model training comprises AI / ML entity validation.

[0986] As one embodiment, the AI / ML entity validation is used to evaluate the performance of the AI / ML entity.

[0987] As one embodiment, the AI / ML entity validation relies on validation data.

[0988] As one embodiment, if the result of AI / ML entity validation does not meet expectations, the AI / ML model will be re-trained.

[0989] As one embodiment, the AI / ML testing comprises testing the validated AI / ML entity to evaluate the performance of the trained AI / ML model.

[0990] As one embodiment, if the result of AI / ML testing meets expectations, the AI / ML entity proceeds to the next phase; otherwise, the AI / ML model will be re-trained.

[0991] As one embodiment, the AI / ML testing relies on test data.

[0992] As one embodiment, the second stage includes AI / ML simulation, which simulates the inference of the AI / ML entity in a simulation environment.

[0993] As one embodiment, the AI / ML simulation estimates the performance of the inference of the AI / ML entity in a simulation environment before the AI / ML entity is used.

[0994] As one embodiment, the second stage is optional.

[0995] As one embodiment, the third stage includes AI / ML entity loading, which is to obtain the trained AI / ML entity to obtain the desired AI / ML inference function.

[0996] As one embodiment, the third stage is optional.

[0997] As one embodiment, the third stage is no longer needed when the training function and the inference function are co-located.

[0998] As one embodiment, the fourth stage includes AI / ML inference.

[0999] Those skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the steps in the foregoing method can be instructed by programs to complete the related hardware, and the programs can be stored in a computer readable storage medium, such as a read-only memory, a hard disk, an optical disk or the like. Alternatively, all or part of the steps of the foregoing embodiments can also be implemented using one or more integrated circuits. Correspondingly, each module unit in the foregoing embodiments can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of a software function module, and the present application is not limited to any specific form of combination of software and hardware. The user equipment, terminal and UE in the present application include but are not limited to unmanned aerial vehicles, communication modules on unmanned aerial vehicles, remote control aircraft, aircraft, small aircraft, mobile phones, tablet computers, notebooks, vehicle-mounted communication devices, wireless sensors, network cards, Internet of Things terminals, RFID terminals, NB-IOT terminals, MTC (Machine Type Communication) terminals, eMTC (enhanced MTC) terminals, data cards, network cards, vehicle-mounted communication devices, low-cost mobile phones, low-cost tablet computers and other wireless communication devices. The base station or system device in the present application includes but is not limited to macro cellular base stations, micro cellular base stations, home base stations, relay base stations, gNB (NR NodeB) NR NodeB, TRP (Transmitter Receiver Point) and other wireless communication devices.

[1000] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for radio link failure prediction based, applied in a terminal, the method comprising: receiving a first signaling, wherein the first signaling indicates a first threshold and a second threshold; maintaining a first timer; wherein whether the maintaining the first timer comprises a first set of operations depends on whether a radio link failure (RLF) is predicted, and the first set of operations comprises: starting the first timer if a first counter reaches the first threshold; stopping the first timer if the first timer is running and a second counter reaches the second threshold; determining an RLF if the first timer expires, wherein the first counter comprises a number of consecutive out-of-sync indications received, and the second counter comprises a number of consecutive in-sync indications received; and wherein whether the maintaining the first timer comprises the first set of operations depends on whether the RLF is predicted comprises: if the RLF is predicted, the maintaining the first timer comprises the first set of operations; and if the RLF is not predicted, the maintaining the first timer does not comprise at least one of the first set of operations. 2.The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: if the RLF is not predicted, not performing radio link monitoring (RLM) ; and wherein the not performing RLM is used to determine that the maintaining the first timer does not comprise at least one of the first set of operations. 3.The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of operations comprises: when an out-of-sync indication is received and the first timer is not running, increasing the first counter; and when an in-sync indication is received and the first timer is running, increasing the second counter. 4.The method of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the predicting the RLF comprises: predicting that the RLF will occur within a first time window. 5.The method of claim 4, wherein the method comprises: receiving at least a first reference signal; and wherein the predicting that the RLF will occur within the first time window comprises: a number of consecutive predicted out-of-sync indications within the first time window reaches a third threshold; and wherein the predicted out-of-sync indications depend on the at least first reference signal. 6.The method of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the method comprises: transmitting a first notification; and receiving the first notification; and wherein the first notification indicates the predicting the RLF. 7.The method of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the method comprises: transmitting a second notification; and receiving the second notification; and wherein the second notification indicates the not predicting the RLF. 8.The method of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the method comprises: receiving a second signaling; and wherein the second signaling enables RLF prediction. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ wherein whether the maintaining the first timer comprises a first set of operations depends on whether RLF is predicted or not, when at least the second signaling enables RLF prediction.

9. A terminal, comprising: one or more processors and memory; the memory coupled to the one or more processors, the memory configured to store computer program code comprising computer instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the terminal to perform the method of any one of claims 1-8.

10. A method for radio link failure prediction, applied to a terminal, comprising: receiving first signaling; wherein the first signaling indicates a first threshold and a second threshold; wherein a receiver of the first signaling maintains a first timer; whether the maintaining the first timer comprises a first set of operations depends on whether RLF is predicted or not; the first set of operations comprises: starting the first timer if a first counter reaches the first threshold; stopping the first timer if the first timer is running and a second counter reaches the second threshold; determining RLF if the first timer expires; the first counter comprises a number of consecutive out-of-sync indications received; the second counter comprises a number of consecutive in-sync indications received; wherein whether the maintaining the first timer comprises the first set of operations depends on whether RLF is predicted or not comprises: if RLF is predicted, the maintaining the first timer comprises the first set of operations; if RLF is not predicted, the maintaining the first timer does not comprise at least one of the first set of operations.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein: if RLF is not predicted, not performing radio link monitoring; wherein the not performing RLM is used to determine that the maintaining the first timer does not comprise at least one of the first set of operations.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein: the first set of operations comprises: increasing the first counter when an out-of-sync indication is received and the first timer is not running; increasing the second counter when an in-sync indication is received and the first timer is running.

13. The method of any one of claims 10-12, wherein: the predicting RLF comprises: predicting that RLF will occur within a first time window.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein: the method comprises: transmitting at least a first reference signal; the predicting that RLF will occur within the first time window comprises: a number of consecutive predicted out-of-sync indications within the first time window reaches a third threshold; wherein the predicting the out-of-sync indications depends on the at least first reference signal.

15. The method of any one of claims 10-14, wherein: a receiver of the first signaling transmits a first notification; the receiver of the first signaling receives the first notification; wherein the first notification indicates the predicting RLF. ​ 16. The method of any one of claims 10-15, wherein: a receiver of the first signaling sends a second notification; the receiver of the first signaling receives the second notification; wherein the second notification indicates that the RLF is not predicted.

17. The method of any one of claims 10-16, wherein: the method comprises: sending a second signaling; wherein the second signaling enables RLF prediction; wherein the maintaining the first timer whether comprises a first set of operations depends on whether the RLF is predicted only when the second signaling enables RLF prediction.

18. A base station, comprising: one or more processors and a memory; the memory coupled to the one or more processors, the memory configured to store computer program code comprising computer instructions, the one or more processors configured to invoke the computer instructions to cause the base station to perform the method of any one of claims 10-17.

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