Method performed by terminal or network in wireless communication system and device therefor

Abstract

A method performed by a terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may comprise: receiving configuration information for a cyclic prefix (CP) of an orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) symbol via higher-layer signaling; and on the basis of the configuration information, transmitting an uplink signal or receiving a downlink signal through a plurality of OFDM symbols belonging to one time resource unit, wherein the plurality of OFDM symbols include a first OFDM symbol group having a first CP length and a second OFDM symbol group having a second CP length shorter than the first CP length, the second CP length is determined on the basis of SCS, the first CP length is determined as a sum of the second CP length determined on the basis of the SCS and an additional CP length determined independently of the SCS, and the number of symbols included in the first OFDM symbol group for which the additional CP length is configured is at least two.

Description

Method performed by a terminal or network in a wireless communication system and device therefor

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system, and more particularly, to a method and device for performing wireless communication between terminals or networks in a wireless communication system.

[0002] OFDM-based wireless communication systems include a cyclic prefix at the beginning of OFDM symbols as a method to cope with delay spread due to multipath. Specifically, in the LTE / LTE-Advanced system, OFDM-based resource elements having the same subcarrier spacing and symbol duration are configured, and the cyclic prefix length is set by the base station, etc. according to the cell size and the resulting delay spread characteristics. Then, the terminal detects the cyclic prefix length configured in the corresponding cell by matching the time / frequency to an arbitrary cell through the process of receiving a synchronization signal.

[0003] The 3GPP NR system supports a flexible frame structure compared to LTE / LTE-Advanced to meet the needs of various usage scenarios such as eMBB (enhancement Mobile BroadBand), mMTC (massive Machine Type Communication), and URLLC (Ultra Reliable and Low Latency Communications). Specifically, it supports multiple numerologies within a cell, and supports different numbers of slots within a subframe and different Cyclic Prefix lengths per OFDM symbol depending on each numerology.

[0004] 6G mobile communication systems are being developed based on the underlying technologies of 5G mobile communication. 6G mobile communication systems require approximately tenfold improvement in all key performance indicators (KPIs), including data transmission speed, spectrum efficiency, latency, and available user density, compared to 5G.

[0005] The technical task to be achieved in this disclosure is to provide a method and device for efficiently performing a wireless signal transmission and reception process. As an example, a novel CP (cyclic prefix) configuration structure that can be used in next-generation mobile communication systems and a signal transmission and reception method based thereon are proposed to efficiently address the inter-symbol interference (ISI) problem.

[0006] In addition to the technical challenges described above, other technical challenges can be inferred from the description below.

[0007] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a method performed by a terminal may include receiving configuration information for a cyclic prefix (CP) of an orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) symbol through higher layer signaling; and transmitting an uplink signal or receiving a downlink signal through a plurality of OFDM symbols belonging to one time resource unit based on the configuration information. The plurality of OFDM symbols may include a first OFDM symbol group having a first CP length and a second OFDM symbol group having a second CP length shorter than the first CP length. The second CP length may be determined based on a SCS, and the first CP length may be determined as the sum of the second CP length determined based on the SCS and an additional CP length determined independently of the SCS. The number of symbols included in the first OFDM symbol group for which the additional CP length is set may be at least two.

[0008] The symbols included in the above first OFDM symbol group may be consecutive to each other.

[0009] In the time domain, the first OFDM symbol group may be located before the second symbol group.

[0010] The number of symbols included in the first OFDM symbol group can be set through upper layer signaling.

[0011] The number of symbols included in the first OFDM symbol group may be determined based on the subcarrier spacing (SCS).

[0012] The above second CP length may be longer than the Normal CP length and shorter than the Extended CP length.

[0013] The above additional CP length can be determined based on the maximum number of symbols that can be set for the first OFDM symbol group.

[0014] The above one time resource unit may be a transmission time interval (TTI) or a slot.

[0015] In the first OFDM symbol group, a first signal may be transmitted or received, and in the second OFDM symbol group, a second signal may be transmitted or received.

[0016] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a non-transitory storage medium may be provided that stores instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a terminal, cause the terminal to perform the method described in claim 1.

[0017] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a device comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory configured to store instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the device to perform operations, the operations including: receiving configuration information for a cyclic prefix (CP) of an orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) symbol through higher layer signaling; and transmitting an uplink signal or receiving a downlink signal through a plurality of OFDM symbols belonging to one time resource unit based on the configuration information, wherein the plurality of OFDM symbols include a first OFDM symbol group having a first CP length and a second OFDM symbol group having a second CP length shorter than the first CP length, the second CP length being determined based on a SCS, the first CP length being determined as a sum of the second CP length determined based on the SCS and an additional CP length determined independently of the SCS, and the number of symbols included in the first OFDM symbol group for which the additional CP length is set may be at least two or more.

[0018] The above device may further include at least one transceiver.

[0019] The above device is a terminal device.

[0020] The above device may be a processing device configured to control a terminal.

[0021] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a method performed by at least one base station includes transmitting configuration information for a cyclic prefix (CP) of an orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) symbol to a terminal through higher layer signaling; and transmitting a downlink signal to the terminal or receiving an uplink signal from the terminal through a plurality of OFDM symbols belonging to one time resource unit based on the configuration information, wherein the plurality of OFDM symbols include a first OFDM symbol group having a first CP length and a second OFDM symbol group having a second CP length shorter than the first CP length, the second CP length being determined based on a SCS, the first CP length being determined as the sum of the second CP length determined based on the SCS and an additional CP length determined independently of the SCS, and the number of symbols included in the first OFDM symbol group for which the additional CP length is set may be at least two or more.

[0022] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, at least one base station comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory configured to store instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one base station to perform operations, the operations including: transmitting configuration information for a cyclic prefix (CP) of an orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) symbol to a terminal via higher layer signaling; and transmitting a downlink signal to the terminal or receiving an uplink signal from the terminal via a plurality of OFDM symbols belonging to one time resource unit based on the configuration information, wherein the plurality of OFDM symbols include a first OFDM symbol group having a first CP length and a second OFDM symbol group having a second CP length shorter than the first CP length, the second CP length being determined based on a SCS, the first CP length being determined as a sum of the second CP length determined based on the SCS and an additional CP length determined independently of the SCS, and the number of symbols included in the first OFDM symbol group for which the additional CP length is set may be at least two or more.

[0023] According to the present disclosure, signal transmission and reception can be efficiently performed in a wireless communication system. For example, signal transmission based on a novel CP structure can ensure robust transmission in next-generation mobile communication systems even in longer delay spreads and poor ISI environments (e.g., cell-less).

[0024] In addition to the technical effects described above, other technical effects can be inferred from the description below.

[0025] Figure 1 illustrates a flexible network topology to which some examples of this specification may be applied.

[0026] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a communication system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a wireless device applicable to the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 4 illustrates a communication procedure between a first node (e.g., a terminal) and a second node (e.g., a base station) applicable to the present disclosure.

[0029] Figure 5 illustrates a general functional architecture for an AI / ML model.

[0030] Figure 6 illustrates a communication procedure between a first node (e.g., terminal) and a second node (e.g., base station) to which an AI / ML model is applied.

[0031] FIG. 7 illustrates an electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a procedure for transmitting system information for THz communication to which the present disclosure applies.

[0033] Figure 9 illustrates a beam management procedure applicable to the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] FIG. 11 illustrates time / frequency resources for sensing operations according to one embodiment of the present specification.

[0036] FIG. 12 illustrates a procedure related to a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present specification.

[0037] FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 are drawings for explaining CP settings according to one embodiment.

[0038] Figure 15 illustrates a terminal DL signal reception operation according to one embodiment.

[0039] Figure 16 illustrates a terminal UL signal transmission operation according to one embodiment.

[0040] FIG. 17 illustrates a flow of a method performed by a terminal according to one embodiment.

[0041] FIG. 18 illustrates a flow of a method performed by at least one base station according to one embodiment.

[0042] As used herein, "A or B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." In other words, as used herein, "A or B" can be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, as used herein, "A, B or C" can mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0043] As used herein, a slash ( / ) or a comma can mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" can mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" can mean "A, B, or C."

[0044] In this specification, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A", "only B" or "both A and B". Additionally, in this specification, the expressions "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted identically to "at least one of A and B".

[0045] Additionally, in this specification, “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and / or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

[0046] Additionally, parentheses used herein may mean "for example." Specifically, when "control information (ABC)" is indicated, "ABC" may be described as an example of "control information." For example, "control information" may include DEF as another example. In other words, "control information" in this specification is not limited to "ABC," and "ABC" may be described as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (i.e., ABC)," "ABC" may be described as an example of "control information."

[0047] Additionally, in this specification, terms such as “first,” “second,” etc. are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another component and are not used to limit the components, and do not limit the order or importance between the components unless specifically limited. Accordingly, a first component in one embodiment of this specification may be referred to as a second component in another embodiment, and similarly, a second component in one embodiment may be referred to as a first component in another embodiment.

[0048] In the following explanation, ‘when, if, in case of’ can be replaced with ‘based on’.

[0049] Technical features individually described in a single drawing in this specification may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0050] In this specification, a terminal is a user equipment (UE) or a consumer-side device, and may also be referred to as a base station / second node / IAB node / first node that receives / transmits signals from / to a Transmission-Reception Point (TRP). A terminal may correspond to a physical node or a logical node. A terminal may correspond to an endpoint on the user side, or may correspond to an intermediate point between other endpoints. In a communication between two points that is not limited to endpoints (including one-to-one / many-to-one / one-to-many / many-to-many communication), a terminal may correspond to a served node. A terminal may be a node with a fixed location, or a node with an unfixed location (or mobile).

[0051] In this specification, a base station (BS) is a device on the network side, and may also be called a second node / IAB node / x-NodeB (x-NodeB, x may be an abbreviation related to radio access technology (RAT)) / Transmission-Reception Point (TRP). A BS may correspond to a physical node or a logical node. A BS may correspond to an endpoint on the network side, or may correspond to an intermediate point between other endpoints. In communication between two points that are not limited to endpoints (including one-to-one / many-to-one / one-to-many / many-to-many communication), a BS may correspond to a serving node. A BS may be a node with a fixed location, or a node with an unfixed location.

[0052] In this specification, higher layer parameters may be set for the terminal, preset, or predefined. For example, the base station may transmit higher layer parameters to the terminal. For example, the terminal may transmit parameters such as capabilities to the base station as higher layer parameters. For example, the higher layer parameters may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0053] In this specification, the information / state / parameter being “configured or pre-configured” can be interpreted as the information / state / parameter being provided / pre-provided to the terminal through pre-defined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC) from the base station. In this specification, the information / state / parameter being “defined or pre-defined” can be interpreted as the information / state / parameter being known in advance or pre-stored at the base station and the terminal without signaling between the base station and the terminal.

[0054] The technology described in this specification can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0055] The technology described in this specification can be implemented with 6G wireless technology and applied to various 6G systems. For example, the 6G system can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0056] <Symbols, Abbreviations, Terms>

[0057] - 5GC: 5G Core Network

[0058] - 5GS: 5G System

[0059] - AoA: Angle of Arrival

[0060] - AP: Access Point

[0061] - CID: Cell ID

[0062] - E-CID: Enhanced Cell ID

[0063] - GNSS: Global Navigation Satellite System

[0064] - GPS: Global Positioning System

[0065] - IE: Information Element

[0066] - LCS: LoCation Service

[0067] - LMF: Location Management Function

[0068] - LPP: LTE Positioning Protocol

[0069] - MO-LR: Mobile Originated Location Request

[0070] - MT-LR: Mobile Terminated Location Request

[0071] - NRPPa: NR Positioning Protocol A

[0072] - OTDOA: Observed Time Difference Of Arrival

[0073] - PDU: Protocol Data Unit

[0074] - PRS: Positioning Reference Signal

[0075] - RRM: Radio Resource Management

[0076] - RSSI: Received Signal Strength Indicator

[0077] - RSTD: Reference Signal Time Difference

[0078] - ToA: Time of Arrival

[0079] - TP: Transmission Point

[0080] - TRP: Transmission and Reception Point

[0081] - UE: User Equipment

[0082] - SCS: Sub-Carrier Spacing

[0083] - SS: Search Space

[0084] - CSS: Common Search Space

[0085] - USS: UE-specific Search Space

[0086] - PDCCH: Physical Downlink Control Channel

[0087] - PDSCH: Physical Downlink Shared Channel;

[0088] - PUCCH: Physical Uplink Control Channel;

[0089] - PUSCH: Physical Uplink Shared Channel;

[0090] - DCI: Downlink Control Information

[0091] - UCI: Uplink Control Information

[0092] - SI: System Information

[0093] - SIB: System Information Block

[0094] - MIB: Master Information Block

[0095] - RRC: Radio Resource Control

[0096] - DRX: Discontinuous Reception

[0097] - RNTI: Radio Network Temporary Identifier

[0098] - CSI: Channel state information

[0099] - PCell: Primary Cell

[0100] - SCell: Secondary Cell

[0101] - PSCell: Primary SCG (Secondary Cell Group) Cell

[0102] - CA: Carrier Aggregation

[0103] - WUS: Wake up Signal

[0104] - TX: Transmitter

[0105] - RX: Receiver

[0106] - RE: Resource Element

[0107] - RB: Resource Block

[0108] - RSTD: Reference Signal Time Difference

[0109] - RS: Reference Signal

[0110] - PRS: Positioning Reference Signal

[0111] - SRS: Sounding Reference Signal

[0112] Figure 1 illustrates a flexible network topology to which some examples of this specification may be applied.

[0113] To compensate for incomplete network coverage areas, a network topology that allows for more flexible and resilient split radio access networks (RANs) may be considered. For this purpose, various nodes, such as IAB nodes, relays, and RF repeaters, as illustrated in the example in Figure 1, may be applied, or NTNs may be integrated. For example, an IAB node may correspond to a node that provides wireless backhaul. For example, a relay may refer to any intermediate point, or in the case of a sidelink relay where a terminal functions as a relay, it may collectively refer to a terminal-to-network (U2N) relay and a terminal-to-terminal (U2U) relay. For example, an RF repeater may correspond to a node that simply performs the function of signal amplification and forwarding, while a network-controlled repeater may not only amplify and forward signals but also adjust transmission and reception settings based on information provided by the network. For example, an NTN node may correspond to a satellite or aircraft that provides NTN coverage that is difficult for terrestrial networks to provide. In addition to these examples, various intermediate points can be introduced to improve the network topology.

[0114] Referring to Figure 1, a split RAN can support the division of a base station into a centralized unit (CU) and one or more distributed units (DUs). The CU and DU can correspond to logical units. The CU can be further divided into a control plane (CP) portion and one or more user plane (UP) portions. Since a failure in the CU-CP affects not only the CU-UP but also the DUs, various intermediate points can be introduced to compensate for this.

[0115] An intermediate point may correspond to a terminal or a base station, depending on its relationship to other nodes. For example, an IAB node may include a mobile-termination (MT) portion and a unit (DU). The MT may connect the IAB node to a donor node. The unit (DU) of an IAB node may serve other terminals or connect to other IAB nodes to provide multi-hop wireless backhaul to the terminal. In other words, an IAB node may correspond to a base station in its relationship to a user-side node, and to a terminal in its relationship to a network-side node.

[0116] In some examples of this specification, the description of a terminal can be equally applied not only to a user-side endpoint, but also to an intermediate point corresponding to a terminal in a relative relationship with a network-side endpoint. Similarly, in some examples of this specification, the description of a base station can be equally applied not only to a network-side endpoint, but also to an intermediate point corresponding to a base station in a relative relationship with a user-side endpoint. However, in most cases where there is no additional description of the operations of three or more entities, the communicating entities in this specification are briefly described as terminals and / or base stations (or first nodes and / or second nodes), and the terms terminal and / or base stations (or first nodes and / or second nodes) are interpreted to include / replace any endpoint or any intermediate point in relation to other nodes.

[0117] That is, in some examples of this specification, for the sake of simplicity of explanation, the subjects of the operation may be referred to as a base station and / or a terminal (or a first node and / or a second node). In addition, the terms base station and / or terminal (or a first node and / or a second node) may also be interpreted / replaced as in the following examples: For example, the base station (or a first node) and the terminal (or a second node) may respectively correspond to the first endpoint and the second endpoint; may respectively correspond to the endpoint and the intermediate point; may respectively correspond to the intermediate point and the endpoint; or may respectively correspond to the first intermediate point and the second intermediate point.

[0118] In this specification, there may be zero or more intermediate points between the base station and the terminal. If intermediate points exist, they may be IAB nodes, relays, RF repeaters, NTN (non-terrestrial network) nodes, or nodes supporting other functions. An intermediate point may be a node with a fixed location or a node with an unfixed location.

[0119] Figure 2 illustrates a communication system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0120] The communication system (100) of FIG. 2 includes a wireless device (110), a network device (120), and a network (130). Here, the wireless device (110) refers to a device that performs communication using a wireless access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A pro, NR, 5G, 5G-A, 6G), and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G / 6G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device (110) may include a robot (110a), a vehicle (110b-1, 110b-2), an XR (extended reality) device (110c), a hand-held device (110d), a home appliance (110e), an IoT (Internet of Things) device (110f), and an AI (artificial intelligence) device / server (110g). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle (110b-1, 110b-2) may include an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). The XR device (110c) includes an augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) / mixed reality (MR) device, and may be implemented in the form of a head-mounted device (HMD), a head-up display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device (110d) may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.), etc. The home appliance (110e) may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device (110f) may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. The wireless device (110) may correspond to a terminal (or first node) or an intermediate point.The network device (120) may correspond to a base station (or second node) or another intermediate point. For example, the network device (120) may also be implemented as a wireless device (110), and a specific wireless device (120a) may act as a network device (120) to another wireless device (110).

[0121] Wireless devices (110a to 110f) can be connected to a network (130) via a network device (120). AI technology can be applied to the wireless devices (110a to 110f), and the wireless devices (110a to 110f) can be connected to an AI server (110g) via a network (130). The network (130) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR), or a 6G network. The wireless devices (110a to 110f) can communicate with each other via the network device (120) / network (130), but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the network device (120) / network (130). For example, vehicles (110b-1, 110b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (vehicle to vehicle) / V2X (vehicle to everything) communication). Additionally, IoT devices (110f) (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (110a to 110f).

[0122] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (110a to 110f) / network devices (120), network devices (120) / network devices (120). Here, the wireless communication / connection can be established through various wireless access technologies such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication), and communication between network devices (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (integrated access backhaul)). Through the wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), the wireless device and the network device / wireless device, and the network device and the network device can transmit / receive wireless signals to each other. For example, the wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, based on various descriptions of the present disclosure, at least some of various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), resource allocation processes, etc. may be performed.

[0123] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a wireless device applicable to the present disclosure.

[0124] Referring to FIG. 3, the wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals via various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A pro, NR, 5G, 5G-A, 6G). The wireless device (200) includes at least one processor (202) and at least one memory (204), and may additionally include at least one transceiver (206) and / or at least one antenna (208).

[0125] The processor (202) controls the memory (204) and / or the transceiver (206), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate first information / signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information / signal via the transceiver (206). In addition, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including second information / signal via the transceiver (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may store software code including instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202), or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. Here, the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology. The transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via at least one antenna (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF (radio frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0126] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless device (200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, at least one protocol layer may be implemented by at least one processor (202). For example, at least one processor (202) may implement at least one layer (e.g., a functional layer such as physical (PHY), media access control (MAC), radio link control (RLC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), radio resource control (RRC), and service data adaptation protocol (SDAP)). At least one processor (202) may generate at least one Protocol Data Unit (PDU) and / or at least one Service Data Unit (SDU) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. At least one processor (202) may generate a message, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. At least one processor (202) can generate a signal (e.g., a baseband signal) including a PDU, an SDU, a message, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed in this document, and provide the signal to at least one transceiver (206). At least one processor (202) can receive a signal (e.g., a baseband signal) from at least one transceiver (206) and obtain the PDU, SDU, message, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document.

[0127] At least one processor (202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. The at least one processor (202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, at least one application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), at least one digital signal processor (DSP), at least one digital signal processing device (DSPD), at least one programmable logic device (PLD), or at least one field programmable gate array (FPGA) may be included in the at least one processor (202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be included in the at least one processor (202), or may be stored in at least one memory (204) and executed by the at least one processor (202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0128] At least one memory (204) can be connected to at least one processor (202) and can store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions and / or commands. The at least one memory (204) can be configured as a read only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), an erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), a flash memory, a hard drive, a register, a cache memory, a computer readable storage medium and / or a combination thereof. The at least one memory (204) can be located internally and / or externally to the at least one processor (202). In addition, the at least one memory (204) can be connected to the at least one processor (202) via various technologies such as a wired or wireless connection.

[0129] At least one transceiver (206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., mentioned in the methods and / or flowcharts of this document to at least one other device. At least one transceiver (206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document from at least one other device. For example, at least one transceiver (206) can be connected to at least one processor (202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, at least one processor (202) can control at least one transceiver (206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to at least one other device. Furthermore, at least one processor (202) can control at least one transceiver (206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from at least one other device. In addition, at least one transceiver (206) may be connected to at least one antenna (208), and at least one transceiver (206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document through at least one antenna (208). In this document, at least one antenna may be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). At least one transceiver (206) may convert the received wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using at least one processor (202). At least one transceiver (206) may convert the processed user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from baseband signals to RF band signals using at least one processor (202).For this purpose, at least one transceiver (206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or filter.

[0130] The components of the wireless device described with reference to FIG. 3 may be referred to by different terms in terms of functionality. For example, the processor (202) may be referred to as a control unit, the transceiver (206) as a communication unit, and the memory (204) as a storage unit. In some cases, the communication unit may be used to mean at least a portion of the processor (202) and the transceiver (206).

[0131] The structure of the wireless device described with reference to FIG. 3 can be understood as the structure of at least a portion of various devices. For example, the structure of the wireless device illustrated in FIG. 3 can be at least a portion of various devices described with reference to FIG. 2 (e.g., a robot (110a), a vehicle (110b-1, 110b-2), an XR device (110c), a portable device (110d), a home appliance (110e), an IoT device (110f), an AI device / server (110g)). Furthermore, according to various embodiments, in addition to the components illustrated in FIG. 3, the device may further include other components.

[0132] For example, the device may be a portable device such as a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). In this case, the device may further include at least one of a power supply unit that supplies power and includes a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc., an interface unit that includes at least one port for connection with another device (e.g., an audio input / output port, a video input / output port), and an input / output unit for inputting and outputting image information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input from a user.

[0133] For example, the device may be a mobile device such as a mobile robot, a vehicle, a train, an aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, etc. In this case, the device may further include at least one of a driving unit including at least one of an engine, a motor, a power train, wheels, brakes, and a steering unit of the device, a power supply unit including a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. that supplies power, a sensor unit that senses status information, environmental information, and user information of the device or its surroundings, an autonomous driving unit that performs functions such as path maintenance, speed control, and destination setting, and a position measurement unit that obtains location information of the mobile device through a global positioning system (GPS) and various sensors.

[0134] For example, the device may be an XR device such as an HMD, a head-up display (HUD) installed in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. In this case, the device may further include at least one of a power supply unit that supplies power and includes a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc., an input / output unit that obtains control information, data, etc. from the outside and outputs the generated XR object, and a sensor unit that senses status information, environmental information, and user information of the device or the surroundings of the device.

[0135] For example, the device may be a robot that can be classified into industrial, medical, household, military, etc. types depending on the purpose or field of use. In this case, the device may further include at least one of a sensor unit that senses status information, environmental information, and user information of the device or its surroundings, and a driving unit that performs various physical actions, such as moving the robot joints.

[0136] For example, the device may be an AI device such as a TV, a projector, a smartphone, a PC, a laptop, a digital broadcasting terminal, a tablet PC, a wearable device, a set-top box (STB), a radio, a washing machine, a refrigerator, digital signage, a robot, a vehicle, etc. In this case, the device may further include at least one of an input unit that acquires various types of data from the outside, an output unit that generates output related to sight, hearing, or touch, a sensor unit that senses status information, environmental information, and user information of the device or its surroundings, and a training unit that trains a model composed of an artificial neural network using learning data.

[0137] The structure of the wireless device illustrated in FIG. 3 may be understood as a part of a terminal (or first node), or as a part of an intermediate point, or as a part of a base station (or second node). If the device illustrated in FIG. 3 is a base station (or second node), the device may further include a wired transceiver for front haul and / or back haul communications. However, if the front haul and / or back haul communications are based on wireless communications, at least one transceiver (206) illustrated in FIG. 3 may be used for front haul and / or back haul communications, and a wired transceiver may not be included.

[0138] FIG. 4 illustrates a communication procedure between a first node (e.g., a terminal) and a second node (e.g., a base station) applicable to the present disclosure.

[0139] The second node of FIG. 4 supports dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS), which can provide connectivity to both nodes implementing 6G technology and nodes implementing pre-6G wireless communication technologies (e.g., 5G, 4G). That is, the first node of FIG. 4 can implement either 6G technology or pre-6G wireless communication technologies (e.g., 5G, 4G). Furthermore, the first node and / or the second node can support full duplex mode as well as non-overlapping full duplex mode.

[0140] In Fig. 4, for the sake of simplicity of explanation, the first node and the second node are assumed to be a terminal and a base station, respectively, and operations of the terminal (110) and the base station (120) transmitting and / or receiving data and operations performed prior thereto are illustrated. However, the operations of Fig. 4 are not limited to operations between the terminal and the base station, and may be interpreted as operations between the first node and the second node. In addition, although Fig. 4 illustrates direct wireless signal transmission and reception operations between the terminal (110) and the base station (120), one or more intermediate points may exist between the terminal (110) and the base station (120), and wireless signals may be transmitted and received via one or more intermediate points.

[0141] Referring to FIG. 4, the terminal (110) and the base station (120) can perform synchronization (401). For example, the terminal (110) performs an initial cell search operation. Specifically, the terminal (110) can detect a synchronization signal for connection to at least one base station transmitted from the base station (120) according to a predefined rule. Here, the synchronization signal can include a plurality of synchronization signals classified according to structure or purpose (e.g., a first synchronization signal (e.g., a primary synchronization signal), a second synchronization signal (e.g., a secondary synchronization signal), etc.). Through this, the terminal (110) can confirm the boundary of a unit (e.g., a frame, a subframe, a slot, and / or a symbol) constituting a wireless signal transmission of the base station (120) and obtain information (e.g., a cell identifier) ​​about the base station (120).

[0142] The terminal (110) can obtain system information transmitted from the base station (120) (403). The system information is information related to the properties, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the base station (120) required to access the base station (120) and use the service, and can be classified according to the content (e.g., whether it is essential for access), transmission structure (e.g., channel used, whether provided on-demand), etc., and can be classified into, for example, first system information (e.g., master information block (MIB), primary system information), second system information (e.g., system information block (SIB), secondary system information), etc. If necessary, the terminal (110) can transmit a signal requesting system information before receiving the system information. However, the request and provision of system information can be performed after the random access procedure described below.

[0143] The terminal (110) and the base station (120) can perform a random access procedure (405). The terminal (110) can transmit and / or receive at least one message (e.g., a random access preamble, a random access response (RAR) message, etc.) for the random access procedure based on information related to a channel for the random access procedure of the base station (120) obtained through system information (e.g., channel location, channel structure, structure of a supported preamble, etc.). For example, the terminal (110) can transmit a first message (e.g., a preamble, MSG1) through the channel for the random access procedure, receive a second message (e.g., an RAR message, MSG2), transmit a third message (e.g., MSG3) including information related to the terminal (110) (e.g., identification information) to the base station (120) using scheduling information included in the second message, and receive a fourth message (e.g., MSG4) for contention resolution and / or connection establishment. As another example, the first and third messages may be sent and received as one message, or the second and fourth messages may be sent and received as one message.

[0144] The terminal (110) and the base station (120) can perform signaling of control information (407). Here, the control information can be defined in various layers, such as a layer that controls a connection (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) layer), a layer that handles mapping between logical channels and transport channels (e.g., a media access control (MAC) layer), and a layer that handles physical channels (e.g., a physical (PHY) layer). For example, the terminal (110) and the base station (120) can perform at least one of signaling for establishing a connection, signaling for determining settings related to communication, and signaling for indicating allocated resources.

[0145] The terminal (110) and the base station (120) can transmit and / or receive data (409). In other words, the terminal (110) and the base station (120) can process, transmit, and / or receive data based on signaling of control information. For example, when transmitting data, the terminal (110) or the base station (120) can perform at least one of channel encoding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and resource mapping on the information bits. Conversely, when receiving data, the terminal (110) or the base station (120) can perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, waveform demodulation for each antenna, signal arrangement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and channel decoding.

[0146] <6G System Core Technologies>

[0147] The 6G (wireless) system aims to provide (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) low energy consumption for battery-free Internet of Things (IoT) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be divided into four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity.

[0148] As core implementation technologies of the 6G system, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), THz (terahertz) communication, optical wireless technology, FSO backhaul network, massive MIMO technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cell-free communication, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET), integration of sensing and communication, integration of access backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and large intelligent surface (LIS) can be adopted.

[0149] artificial intelligence

[0150] Incorporating AI into communications can streamline and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analytics to determine how complex target tasks should be performed. This means AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays. Time-consuming tasks such as handovers, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a crucial role in machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. Furthermore, AI can facilitate rapid communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0151] The following describes a functional framework for AI / ML operations.

[0152] Below, to explain AI (or AI / ML) more specifically, the terms can be defined as follows.

[0153] - Data collection: Data collected from network nodes, management entities, or terminals as a basis for AI model training, data analysis, and inference.

[0154] - AI Model: A data-driven algorithm that applies AI technology to generate a set of outputs containing predictive information and / or decision parameters based on a set of inputs.

[0155] - AI / ML Training: An online or offline process of training an AI model by learning features and patterns that best represent the data and obtain a trained AI / ML model for inference.

[0156] - AI / ML Inference: The process of making predictions or inducing decisions based on collected data and the AI ​​model using a trained AI model.

[0157] Life Cycle Management (LCM) procedures for AI / ML models (i.e., model training, model deployment, model inference, model monitoring, model updates, etc.) can be divided into functionality-based LCM and model-based LCM. In functionality-based LCM, AI / ML models may not be identified by the network, and the network can direct the activation / deactivation / fallback / switching of AI / ML functionality. In model-ID (identifier)-based LCM, AI / ML models can be identified by the network, and the network / terminal can activate / deactivate / select / switch AI / ML models based on the model ID.

[0158] Figure 5 illustrates a general functional architecture for an AI / ML model.

[0159] In particular, Figure 5 illustrates a general functional architecture relevant to both Functionality-based LCM and Model-based LCM. Some of the functions or some of the data / information / command flows (i.e., arrows) illustrated in Figure 5 may be omitted.

[0160] Referring to FIG. 5, a general functional framework can be configured to include a data collection function (10), a model training function (20), a management function (30), an inference function (40), and a model storage function (50).

[0161] The Data Collection function (10) is a function that provides input data to the Model Training function (20), Management function (30), and Inference function (40). The Data Collection function (10) can perform data preparation based on raw data and provide input data processed through data preparation. Examples of raw data may include received data / measurement data from terminals or other network entities, inference / output of AI / ML models, etc. The Data Collection function (10) may be performed by a single entity (e.g., a terminal, a network node, etc.) or may be performed by multiple entities.

[0162] Here, training data (11) refers to data required as input for the AI / ML Model Training function (20). Monitoring data (12) refers to data required as input for the Management (30) of the AI / ML model or AI / ML function. Inference data (13) refers to data required as input for the AI / ML Inference function (30).

[0163] The Model Training function (20) is a function that performs AI / ML model training, validation, and testing, which can generate model performance metrics that can be used as part of the AI / ML model testing procedure. The Model Training function (20) can perform data preparation (e.g., data pre-processing and cleaning, forming, and transformation) based on the Training Data (11) transferred from the Data Collection function (10), if necessary.

[0164] Trained / Updated Model (21): If there is a Model Storage function (50), it is used to pass a trained, validated and tested AI / ML model to the Model Storage function (50) or to pass an updated version of the model to the Model Storage function (50).

[0165] The Management function (30) is a function that supervises the operation of the AI / ML model or AI / ML function. In addition, the Management function (30) may perform decisions to ensure appropriate inference operations based on data received from the Data Collection function (10) (i.e., Monitoring Data (12)) and / or data received from the Inference function (40) (i.e., Inference Output (41)).

[0166] Management Instruction (32) is information required as input to manage the Inference function (40). The relevant information may include selection / (de)activation / switching of an AI / ML model or AI / ML-based function, and may also include fallback to non-AI / ML operations (i.e., not relying on the inference process).

[0167] A Model Transfer / Delivery Request (33) can be used to request model(s) from Model Storage (50).

[0168] A Performance Feedback / Retraining Request (31) refers to information required as input to the Model Training function (20) (e.g., for the purpose of (re)training or updating the model).

[0169] The Inference function (40) is a function that provides output from the process of applying an AI / ML model or AI / ML function using data (i.e., Inference Data (13)) provided by Data Collection (10) as input. Data preparation (e.g., data preprocessing and cleaning, formatting, and transformation) may also be performed based on the Inference Data (13) delivered by Data Collection (10). If necessary, the Inference function (40) may also perform data preparation (e.g., data preprocessing and cleaning, forming, and transformation) based on the Inference Data (13) provided by Data Collection function (10).

[0170] Inference Output (41) is data used in the Management function (30) to monitor the performance of an AI / ML model or AI / ML function. Inference Output (41) may include the inference output of the AI / ML model generated by the Inference function (30), and the details of the inference output may vary depending on the use case.

[0171] The Model Storage function (50) stores a learned / updated model that can be used to perform the Inference function (40). The Model Storage function (50) illustrated in FIG. 5 can be used as a reference point (if any) when applicable to protocol termination, model transmission / delivery, and related processes. Furthermore, the Model Storage function (50) is merely an example and is not intended to limit the storage location of actual AI / ML models, and may be omitted.

[0172] Model Transfer / Delivery (51) is used to transfer AI / ML models to inference functions.

[0173] The level of cooperation can be defined as follows depending on the capability of AI / ML functions between multiple nodes, and variations due to combination of multiple levels or separation of any one level are also possible.

[0174] Cat 0a) No collaboration framework: AI / ML algorithms are purely implementation-based and do not require any changes to the wireless interface.

[0175] Cat 0b) This level corresponds to a framework with a modified wireless interface tailored to efficient implementation-based AI / ML algorithms, but without collaboration.

[0176] Category 1) involves inter-node support to improve the AI / ML algorithms of each node. For example, this applies when a specific node receives support from another node (for training, adaptation, etc.) and vice versa. At this level, model exchange between network nodes is not required.

[0177] Category 2) Joint AI / ML tasks can be performed across multiple nodes. This level requires the exchange of AI / ML model commands or network nodes.

[0178] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an overall functional framework for an AI / ML model, and not all functions and / or all data / information / command signals illustrated in FIG. 5 may be performed within a specific node, but only some of them may be performed.

[0179] AI / ML models can be divided into one-side models and two-side models depending on whether training and / or inference are performed on a single node or jointly / sequentially on multiple nodes.

[0180] A one-side model can refer to an AI / ML model in which inference is performed entirely by a single node (e.g., a terminal or network). Here, AI / ML model training can also be performed entirely by a single node. AI / ML model training and inference can be performed by the same node, or they can be performed by separate nodes.

[0181] A two-side model can refer to an AI / ML model in which joint inference is performed across multiple nodes (e.g., terminals and networks). Joint inference refers to inference being performed jointly across multiple nodes. For example, the first part of the inference may be performed by a first node, and the remaining part by a second node. Two-side models can be categorized into several types depending on the training method of the AI / ML model, as follows:

[0182] - First type: AI / ML models can be trained on a single node. In this case, joint training can be performed. The trained model can then be distributed to other nodes / objects.

[0183] - Second type: Joint training of AI / ML models can be performed on multiple nodes / entities (e.g., networks and terminals). Joint training can mean that model generation (e.g., CSI generation part) and model reconstruction (CSI compression by sub-use case) are trained in the same loop for forward activation and backward gradient. In this type, joint training can include both simultaneous training (i.e., model generation training and model reconstruction training are performed simultaneously) and sequential training (i.e., model reconstruction training is performed after model generation training).

[0184] - Third type: Separate training of AI / ML models can be performed on multiple nodes (e.g., networks and terminals). Separate training may mean that training begins sequentially on one node and continues on other nodes. In this case, the first node first performs the AI / ML model and shares the training data with the second node. The second node can then use the shared training data to perform the AI / ML model. For example, training for the CSI generation part may be performed by the terminal, while CSI reconstruction may be performed by the network.

[0185] Figure 6 illustrates a communication procedure between a first node (e.g., terminal) and a second node (e.g., base station) to which an AI / ML model is applied.

[0186] The operations described below can be described / interpreted based on the AI / ML model proposed in this specification, as shown in Fig. 6 below, even without separate mention (i.e., without explicit mention of being by / based on / for the AI / ML model). In addition, unless specifically limited, the AI / ML model can correspond to a one-side model in which inference is entirely performed by a single node, or a two-side model in which joint inference is performed by multiple nodes.

[0187] First signaling (601): In the description below, the signaling (e.g., information / data / channel / signal, etc.) or set of signaling between a specific node (e.g., terminal, network, etc.) and another node may be interpreted as the signaling or set of signaling of the first signaling (601) used to perform an operation based on an AI / ML model, even if not otherwise mentioned. For example, it may correspond to training data for training (i.e., generation and / or reconstruction) the AI / ML model of FIG. 5, or correspond to inference data used for inference of the AI / ML model, or correspond to feedback for the AI / ML model, etc. If signaling between nodes is not required prior to an operation based on an AI / ML model in the present specification, the first signaling (601) may be omitted. If a one-side model is used in the present specification, the one-way / two-way signaling (set) in the present specification may correspond to the signaling of the first signaling (601). In addition, when a two-side model is used in this specification, the one-way / two-way signaling in this specification may correspond to the first signaling (601), and also, a repetitive signaling operation may correspond to the first signaling (601).

[0188] For example, in AI / ML model-based beam management (BM), if a base station predicts (i.e., infers) beam(s) with good quality based on an AI / ML model, the base station can receive quality / intensity information for multiple beams from a terminal. Furthermore, if a terminal predicts (i.e., infers) beam(s) with good quality based on an AI / ML model, the terminal can receive multiple beams from the base station.

[0189] AI / ML model-based operation (602): In the description below, an operation (e.g., calculation, selection, prediction, etc.) in a specific node (e.g., terminal, network, etc.) or a joint operation (e.g., calculation, selection, prediction, etc.) in multiple nodes (e.g., terminal, network, etc.) may correspond to an AI / ML model-based operation (602) based on one or more functions in the functional framework of the AI / ML model, even if not mentioned separately. For example, it may correspond to training (i.e., generation and / or reconstruction) of the AI / ML model of FIG. 5 or inference of the AI / ML model, etc. When a one-side model is used, an operation performed by a single node in the present specification may correspond to an AI / ML model-based operation (602), and also, when a two-side model is used, a joint operation performed by multiple nodes in the present specification may correspond to an AI / ML model-based operation (602).

[0190] For example, in an AI / ML model-based BM, the base station can use quality / intensity information for multiple beams received from the terminal as inference data to predict (i.e., infer) beam(s) with good quality based on the AI / ML model. Furthermore, the terminal can measure multiple beams received from the base station and use the measurement results as inference data to predict (i.e., infer) beam(s) with good quality based on the AI / ML model.

[0191] Second signaling (603): In the description below, signaling (e.g., information / data / channel / signal, etc.) or a set of signaling between a specific node (e.g., terminal, network, etc.) and another node may be interpreted as a second signaling (603) or a set of signaling generated due to (as a result of) an operation based on an AI / ML model, even if not otherwise mentioned. For example, it may correspond to an output resulting from inference of the AI / ML model in FIG. 5. If signaling between nodes is not required as a result of an operation based on an AI / ML model in this specification, the second signaling (603) may be omitted. If a one-side model is used in this specification, a one-way / two-way signaling (set) in this specification may correspond to the second signaling (603). In addition, when a two-side model is used in this specification, the one-way / two-way signaling in this specification may correspond to the second signaling (603), and also, a repetitive signaling operation may correspond to the second signaling (603).

[0192] For example, in an AI / ML model-based BM, the base station can transmit to the terminal the beam(s) predicted based on the AI / ML model as candidates so that the terminal can determine the optimal beam. Furthermore, the terminal can report to the base station the beam(s) predicted based on the AI / ML model to request the base station to transmit the candidate beams as candidates for determining the optimal beam.

[0193] THz communication (terahertz communication)

[0194] Data rates can be increased by increasing bandwidth. This can be achieved by utilizing sub-THz communications with wide bandwidths and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter waves, typically refer to the frequency range between 0.1 THz and 10 THz, with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz band (sub-THz band) is considered a key part of the THz spectrum for cellular communications. Adding the sub-THz band to the mmWave band will increase the capacity of 6G cellular communications. Among the defined THz bands, 300 GHz to 3 THz lies in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. While part of the optical band, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band lies at the boundary of the optical band, immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz to 3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF.

[0195] Figure 7 illustrates the electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of Figure 7 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Key characteristics of THz communications include (i) a widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates, and (ii) high path loss at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are essential). The narrow beamwidth generated by the highly directional antenna reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and base stations operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array techniques to overcome range limitations.

[0196] Transmitting system information (i.e., information related to the properties, characteristics, and / or capabilities of a BS required to use a service, such as MIB, SIB, etc.) in the THz frequency band may be inefficient because, as the beam width becomes narrower in high frequency bands, more beam sweeps must be performed to cover the entire area of ​​the cell. In particular, transmitting system information in this manner is even more inefficient when there are not many users in the cell. Accordingly, a system information transmission procedure such as that illustrated in FIG. 8 may be used.

[0197] Figure 8 illustrates an example of a procedure for transmitting system information for THz communications to which the present disclosure applies. While this example was developed with THz in mind, it is also applicable to 6G communication environments where THz is not applicable. Furthermore, the procedure illustrated in Figure 8 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure described below. For example, the embodiments described below can be performed based on system information acquired through the procedure illustrated in Figure 8.

[0198] Referring to FIG. 8, the base station can transmit system information of cell #1 through cell #2 (801). That is, the base station provides at least two cells, cell #1 uses a THz frequency band, and cell #2 uses a non-THz frequency band. Here, the system information can include at least one information / state / parameter / setting generated in each of a higher layer and a physical layer. For example, the at least one information / state / parameter / setting generated in the higher layer can include at least one of an SFN, control information setting for SIB1 (e.g., PDCCH configuration for SIB1, etc.), information related to cell selection / entry (e.g., cell barring, cell re-selection, etc.), and subcarrier spacing, and the at least one information / state / parameter / setting generated in the physical layer can include at least one of an SFN, a half frame indicator, and an SSB index. However, this is merely an example, and system information may include information / status / parameters / settings related to Cell #1 / Cell #2 generated from various types of physical layers / upper layers. For this purpose, as an example, Cell #1 and Cell #2 may have a relationship as a secondary cell and a primary cell.

[0199] The UE can acquire synchronization for cell #1 (803). Synchronization can be acquired by detecting a synchronization signal. Typically, synchronization is acquired before receiving system information. However, since the system information for cell #1 is received from cell #2, synchronization acquisition for cell #1 can be performed after receiving the system information. For example, the UE can acquire synchronization based on the system information. However, unlike FIG. 8, in another example, synchronization acquisition can be performed before step 801.

[0200] The UE may transmit a signal for accessing cell #1 (805). For example, the signal may include information for accessing cell #1 (e.g., a random access preamble). The structure of the signal and the resources for transmitting the signal (e.g., a channel) may be identified through system information. Thereafter, the UE and the base station may perform an access procedure for cell #1 and communicate (807). During this process, operations according to various embodiments described below may be performed.

[0201] The procedure described with reference to FIG. 8 may be performed when UE (801) first accesses cell #1 of the base station. Alternatively, a similar procedure may be performed when UE (801) hands over to cell #1 of the base station. However, in the case of handover, the system information of cell #1 may be received from a cell of a base station other than cell #2 of the base station.

[0202] Communications in the THz band are expected to experience extremely severe path loss, and to overcome this, terminals and base stations must use extremely sharp beams. The use of sharp beams means that terminals and base stations must perform beam control in addition to beamforming, and the number of beams used increases significantly. Consequently, it takes a very long time to align the transmit and receive beams between the base station and terminals. Furthermore, if the beam alignment between the base station and terminals is misaligned due to the movement or movement of the terminals, frequent re-alignment of the beams is required, which can lead to link instability. Accordingly, a beam management procedure, as illustrated in FIG. 9 below, may be employed.

[0203] FIG. 9 illustrates a beam management procedure applicable to the present disclosure. FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a procedure for searching and / or selecting beams for THz communication, but is not limited to a THz environment, and the present disclosure is applicable to a 6G communication environment. In addition, the procedure illustrated in FIG. 9 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure described below. Here, a beam may be interpreted as 'spatial (setting) information', 'spatial domain filter', 'spatial domain transmission filter', 'spatial domain reception filter', or / and a term having an equivalent technical meaning that can distinguish the beam (e.g., Reference signal, SSB (Synchronization Signal Block) Index, TRP (transmission reception point), panel, cell, TP (transmission point), base station, control resource related information (e.g., CORESET (control resource set) related information, etc.).

[0204] Referring to FIG. 9, a base station can configure resources for beam management (901). Here, the resources can include at least one of time-frequency resources, channels, and spatial resources (e.g., antenna ports). For example, the base station can utilize a beam search signal (BSS) that is transmitted spatially separated from existing downlink signals / channels for beam search. Here, the BSS can be transmitted based on a dedicated port for beam search. The dedicated port can be a different port from a port for transmitting existing downlink signals / channels (e.g., synchronization signals (e.g., SSB, etc.), data channels (e.g., PDSCH, etc.)). BSS is a term defined for convenience of explanation, and the technical concept according to the present embodiment is not limited to the term BSS itself. That is, a signal transmitted based on a dedicated port defined / configured for beam search can be included in the technical concept according to the present embodiment.

[0205] The base station can transmit measurement signals using multiple transmission beams (903). For example, the measurement signals can include at least one of a reference signal and a synchronization signal. At this time, the measurement signals can be transmitted as many times as the number of beams that require measurement, and can be transmitted using a multi-beam transmission method that forms multiple beams simultaneously to reduce sweeping time. Here, the multi-beam transmission can be performed based on at least one of a multi-panel, a sub-array, and a true time delay (TTD).

[0206] The UE may transmit a feedback signal to the base station (905). The feedback signal indicates at least one beam selected by the UE. The UE may select at least one preferred beam based on the received measurement signals. The UE and the base station may communicate (907). At this time, the UE and the base station may communicate using the previously selected beam. If channel reciprocity is established, the transmission beam of the UE may also be determined through operations 903 and 905, and thus the transmission of the UE may also be performed using the beam selected in operation 905. If channel reciprocity is not established, a procedure including transmission of measurement signals by the UE and transmission of a feedback signal by the base station may be performed first to determine the transmission beam of the UE. In operation 907, operations according to various embodiments described below may be performed.

[0207] Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC)

[0208] Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment. Because radio frequency sensing does not require a networked device to connect to the object, it can provide a service for object positioning without a device. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from radio frequency signals can enable a wide range of new capabilities, such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, humans, animals, UAVs), and high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. Wireless sensing services can provide information to a variety of industries (e.g., drones, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.), enabling applications such as intruder detection, assisted vehicle steering and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, and health and traffic management. In some cases, wireless sensing can utilize non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of wireless sensing services, i.e., sensing operations, may depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing offers an opportunity to enhance existing communication systems from a communication network to a wireless communication and sensing network.

[0209] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Specifically, FIG. 10(a) illustrates an example of sensing using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located at the same location (e.g., monostatic sensing), and FIG. 10(b) illustrates an example of sensing using a separated sensing receiver and sensing transmitter (e.g., bistatic sensing).

[0210] For example, in a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of the present specification, referring to FIG. 10(a), the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver may be configured to be included in a single base station (i.e., the same base station) or a single terminal (i.e., the same terminal). Alternatively, referring to FIG. 10(b), the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver may be configured to be included in different base stations, different terminals, or each terminal and base station.

[0211] In this regard, the following six types of sensing modes can be defined based on whether the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver are included in the base station or the terminal, respectively.

[0212] - Mode 1: A mode in which the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver are contained in a single base station (e.g., base station-based sensing mode in monostatic mode).

[0213] - Second mode: A mode in which the sensing transmitter is included in a first base station and the sensing receiver is included in a second base station different from the first base station (e.g., base station-based sensing mode in bistatic mode).

[0214] - Mode 3: A mode in which the sensing transmitter is included in the base station and the sensing receiver is included in the terminal (e.g., base station-terminal sensing mode).

[0215] - Mode 4: A mode in which the sensing transmitter is included in the terminal and the sensing receiver is included in the base station (e.g., terminal-base station sensing mode).

[0216] - Mode 5: A mode in which the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver are contained in a single terminal (e.g., terminal-based sensing mode in monostatic mode).

[0217] - 6th mode: A mode in which the sensing transmitter is included in a first terminal and the sensing receiver is included in a second terminal different from the first terminal (e.g., terminal-based sensing mode in bistatic mode).

[0218] In a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of the present specification, one or more of the six types of sensing modes described above may be utilized independently / in combination.

[0219] In relation to the sensing operation in FIG. 10, the sensing transmitter may transmit a sensing signal for sensing one or more objects (and / or an environment around the objects). For example, the sensing signal may correspond to a radio (frequency) signal defined to be transmittable by a base station / terminal in a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of the present specification. The sensing receiver may receive a signal scattered / reflected by one or more objects (and / or an environment around the objects) from a sensing signal transmitted from the sensing transmitter. In the sensing receiver, sensing data may be derived from the scattered / reflected signals, and sensing results may be generated / obtained through processing of the sensing data. Here, the sensing results may include characteristic information (e.g., location, distance, speed, angle, etc.) about one or more objects (and / or the environment around the objects). The sensing results generated / obtained in this way may be utilized for wireless sensing services (e.g., detection, tracking, etc. of objects and / or environments) provided in the wireless communication system based on the 6G network of the present specification, or may be provided / disclosed to a trusted third party.

[0220] Additionally, the sensing operation in FIG. 10 is described as a representative example of the operation in a wireless communication system based on a 6G network, but can be extended and applied to cases where terminals / base stations / signals based on networks of previous generations (e.g., 4G, 5G, etc.) are utilized.

[0221] Additionally, with respect to the wireless sensing described herein, in a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of the present specification, time / frequency resources for sensing operations and time / frequency resources for general communications (e.g., UL / DL / sidelink-based communications, etc.) may be scheduled / configured separately.

[0222] FIG. 11 illustrates time / frequency resources for sensing operations according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0223] Referring to FIG. 11, time / frequency resources (hereinafter, sensing resources) for the aforementioned sensing operation (e.g., sensing operation based on FIG. 10) can be set / allocated separately from time / frequency resources (hereinafter, communication resources) for general communication.

[0224] For example, as illustrated in FIG. 11, sensing resources can be set / allocated in units of symbols in the time domain and / or resource blocks in the frequency domain. Resources other than those for which the sensing resources are set / allocated can be utilized as resources for general communication. That is, sensing resources and communication resources can be set / allocated based on a time-division multiplexing (TDM) scheme and / or a frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) scheme in terms of the operation of the base station / terminal. Additionally or alternatively, unlike what is illustrated in FIG. 10, sensing resources can also be set / allocated based on other units in the time domain (e.g., slots, frames, absolute time (ms, us), etc.) and / or other units in the frequency domain (e.g., subcarriers, carriers, absolute frequencies (MHz, GHz), etc.).

[0225] Additionally or alternatively, in connection with the setting / allocation / scheduling of resources for general communication as described herein, the relationship between the resources and the aforementioned sensing resources may need to be considered. For example, when setting / allocating resources for general communication according to the embodiment(s) of the present disclosure, the resources may be set / allocated to rate-match or puncture the resource region corresponding to the sensing resource. For example, when scheduling resources for general communication according to the embodiment(s) of the present disclosure, the resources may be scheduled so as not to overlap with the resource region corresponding to the sensing resource. If the resources for general communication according to the embodiment(s) of the present disclosure and the resource region corresponding to the sensing resource are set / allocated / scheduled to overlap, one or both operations may be dropped, skipped, or postponed based on priorities, predefined rules, etc. That is, in the embodiment(s) of the present specification, it may be desirable that resources related to general communication (e.g., resources for signals / channels related to UL / DL / Sidelink-based data / control, etc.) are set / allocated / scheduled so as not to overlap with the sensing resources described above.

[0226] Additionally, various channel modeling methods may be applied in connection with the wireless sensing described herein. Channel modeling related to sensing may refer to configuring a path for transmitting and receiving sensing signals and / or scattered / reflected signals, taking into account the object being sensed and / or the environment in which the object resides. Channel modeling may be related to the performance / requirements of sensing in wireless communication systems, and thus may be an important factor in validating the sensing function.

[0227] Channels related to sensing can be divided into channels between objects (e.g., targets of interest) and sensing transmitters / receivers, and channels between the environment to which the object belongs and sensing transmitters / receivers. In this regard, channel modeling related to sensing can be divided based on sensing mode (e.g., the six types of modes described above), whether there is an object / environment, and / or sensing scenarios. For example, channel modeling for a target in a base station / terminal-based monostatic sensing mode, channel modeling for a target in a base station / terminal-based bistatic sensing mode, channel modeling for the environment in a base station / terminal-based monostatic sensing mode, and channel modeling for the environment in a base station / terminal-based bistatic sensing mode can be configured and optimized differently. For example, when various sensing scenarios are classified, channel modeling for detection, location, and tracking scenarios, channel modeling for motion recognition, and channel modeling for imaging / environment reconstruction scenarios can be divided, etc. Additionally, channel modeling related to sensing may be based on statistical channel modeling techniques and / or deterministic channel modeling techniques. For example, modeling for sensing in a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of the present disclosure may be based on stochastic geometric channel modeling techniques and / or hybrid with ray tracing channel modeling techniques. Here, the stochastic geometric channel model may be based on various statistical characteristics of the channel state. Furthermore, the hybrid channel model may be based on both ray tracing techniques and stochastic techniques.In a hybrid approach, channels for objects requiring high accuracy and consistency (e.g., targets of interest) can be modeled using ray tracing techniques, while channels for the environment can be modeled using probabilistic techniques.

[0228] FIG. 12 illustrates a procedure related to a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0229] For example, in a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of the present specification, in the case of a sensing operation in which a terminal participates, the base station may need to confirm (1205) the capability of the terminal for the sensing operation. In this regard, the terminal may be configured to report capability information on whether it supports the sensing operation to the base station. Additionally or alternatively, if the terminal is defined in advance in the standard as supporting the sensing operation, the procedure may be omitted. In addition, in the case of a sensing operation in which only the base station participates, the base station may be configured to report capability information on whether it supports the sensing operation to an entity that configures / controls its sensing operation (e.g., a network entity at an upper level / layer of the base station).

[0230] For example, the base station can perform signaling with the terminal to exchange configuration information related to the sensing operation. For example, the base station can set / instruct the terminal about the mode of the sensing operation (e.g., based on the six types of modes described above), the subject of the sensing operation (e.g., sensing transmitter, sensing receiver), the resource of the sensing operation (e.g., sensing resource as in FIG. 11), the target of utilizing the sensing result (e.g., type of wireless sensing service based on 6G network, trusted third party), channel modeling for sensing (e.g., channel between the base station / terminal and object / environment), etc. (1210). For example, the base station can also set / instruct such information from a network entity at an upper level / layer of the base station.

[0231] For example, the base station and / or the terminal may perform a sensing operation based on the set / instructed information (1215). For example, the base station and / or the terminal may, as a sensing transmitter and / or a sensing receiver, perform procedures such as transmitting a sensing signal, receiving a scattered / reflected signal, deriving sensing data, obtaining a sensing result through processing the sensing data, and providing the sensing result, as in FIG. 9 described above. As an example, in the operation of the base station / terminal described herein, the sensing result provided through the sensing operation may be utilized.

[0232] CP (cyclic prefix) structure of next-generation wireless communication systems

[0233] A method and device for supporting orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols with cyclic prefix (CP) in next-generation wireless communication systems are proposed.

[0234] As previously mentioned, 6th generation mobile communication systems require approximately 10x performance improvement over 5G across all key performance indicators (KPIs), including data transmission speed, spectral efficiency, latency, and available user density. However, the 6G KPIs that can be achieved simply by increasing bandwidth are limited.

[0235] Cell-free systems are being discussed as one of the various methods to overcome these limitations and achieve KPIs. Unlike existing mobile communication systems, which employ a cell-based paradigm where a single base station controls all users, cell-free systems utilize multiple base stations to collaborate to provide user services.

[0236] Cell-free systems provide communication services using distributed antennas, making them robust against large-scale fading, such as shadowing fading. Furthermore, the use of large-scale multiple antennas provides high spatial multiplexing gains, and high energy efficiency is achieved through energy concentration. Furthermore, because network multiple antenna systems, in which all base stations cooperate to provide services to all users without forming cells, enable the provision of uniform communication services (UoS) without outage areas. However, the problem of increased delay spread between identical signals transmitted from different base stations may arise, and to address this, a new CP length / structure may be required. For example, the new CP length / structure may have a longer CP length than that used in existing systems.

[0237] Meanwhile, the use and introduction of the new CP length / structure proposed in this disclosure does not necessarily presuppose a cell-free system, and can also be used for other general purposes such as overcoming ISI interference and ensuring reliable transmission. The proposed new CP length / structure can also be applied to cell-based wireless communication systems.

[0238] Therefore, there may be other various situations in which the proposed new CP length / structure may be useful.

[0239] For example, signals / channels transmitted by a base station can be broadly divided into control signals / channels and data signals / channels depending on their purpose. The importance of reception accuracy of signals / channels for the two purposes may be different, and various CP lengths may be required taking this into consideration.

[0240] Additionally, when considering special-purpose signals / channels such as positioning, the importance of the delay effect may differ for each signal / channel, and various CP lengths may be required to take this into account.

[0241] Considering the above, this specification proposes a method for setting OFDM symbols and CP lengths within a certain transmission time interval for generating ODFM signals during transmission and reception between a base station and a terminal, and a signaling and reporting method therefor.

[0242] One or more of the proposed methods may be combined and applied. Alternatively, each method may be implemented independently without any separate combination. Some terms, symbols, and sequences used to describe the embodiments may be replaced with other terms, symbols, and sequences.

[0243] Before explaining the new CP proposed in this specification, let us briefly look at the CP length setting in the existing NR standard, as shown in mathematical equation 1.

[0244] [Mathematical Formula 1]

[0245]

[0246] In Equation 1, μ represents the numerology (or SCS), l is the OFDM symbol index, and the first OFDM symbol is l=0. κ is defined as Ts / Tc, where Ts is a constant defined as 1 / reference SCS*reference FFT size, and Tc is a constant defined as 1 / (maximum) SCS 480 kHz*4096 FFT size of NR, so as a result, κ has a fixed value as the constant 64. Meanwhile, the actual length (second) of the CP in the time domain is calculated by multiplying Equation 1 by Tc. For example, the time length of the normal CP of the second symbol for μ = 0 can be calculated as 144κ*Tc= 144 Ts. 144Ts can correspond to 144 (reference) samples.

[0247] Referring to Mathematical Expression 1, in the case of Normal CP in the current NR system, within a certain transmission time interval (e.g., slot), which is a unit in which the same numerology (subcarrier spacing, SCS) is set, the CP lengths for all symbols except the first symbol are set to be the same. Specifically, in the case of Normal CP, only the first OFDM symbol is set to have a CP length that is longer by +16 samples.

[0248] Meanwhile, the 16 samples corresponding to 16k added to the first symbol of the normal CP cannot be divided and distributed to other symbols and must be set to only one OFDM symbol. This is because the 16 samples cannot be divided and distributed to other symbols in order to follow the constraint that the CP length must be set to a multiple of 16. The reason why the CP length must be set to a multiple of 16 is to support 20MHz (100RB, 2048-FFT), 10MHz (50RB, 1024-FFT), 5MHz (25RB, 512-FFT), 2.5MHz (12RB, 256-FFT) and a minimum bandwidth of 1.25MHz (6RB, 128-FFT) with 15KHz SCS. Similarly, one of the reasons why the CP length is determined to be 144 or 512 is because it is a multiple of 16.

[0249] Therefore, after the samples for CP are first distributed evenly to the OFDM symbols within the slot, the remaining 16 samples cannot be distributed and are allocated exclusively to only one OFDM symbol (the first OFDM symbol).

[0250] Setting the CP length within a certain transmission time interval containing a certain number of OFDM symbol(s)

[0251] In the following, it is assumed that the same number of OFDM symbols are set for each transmission time interval / resource. The transmission time interval / resource may be a TTI or a slot, but is not limited thereto, and may also mean a subslot, a subframe, or a symbol group.

[0252] Ts, the basic time unit for representing the length of a signal in the time domain, can be defined as in mathematical expression 2.

[0253] [Equation 2]

[0254]

[0255] Δf in Equation 2 ref Wow N f,ref can be values ​​based on the reference SCS and reference FFT size, respectively.

[0256] Specifically, Ts means the sample interval, and Ts is the sampling frequency fs (=Δf ref *N f,ref ) can correspond to the inverse of .

[0257] The symbol duration of the lth symbol in the time domain can be defined as in mathematical expression 3 in relation to the SCS.

[0258] [Equation 3]

[0259]

[0260] In mathematical expression 3, the superscript μ stands for SCS, and N u (For convenience, the superscript μ is omitted) means the number of sampling points (number of samples) of the useful symbol for the corresponding SCS, and N CP,l means the number of sampling points (number of samples) of the CP of the lth symbol for the corresponding SCS. N CP,l * T s Is It means the time length (in seconds) of the lth symbol for the corresponding SCS.

[0261] As the SCS configuration factor μ value increases, the number of sampling points of useful symbols and cyclic prefixes decreases, and the symbol duration of the corresponding signal decreases, which may increase the total number of symbols within a given transmission time interval.

[0262] In this disclosure, the reference SCS and reference FFT size are described assuming 15 kHz and 2048, respectively, but it can be extended to other SCS and FFT sizes.

[0263] For example, another SCS can be 2^μ*15kHz (μ is numeral), and the reference FFT size can be set / fixed independently of the SCS. It can be defined as Actual FFT size = Reference FFT size Х (15 kHz / Actual SCS), and 15 kHz SCS is the reference SCS, so 2048 is used as is, but it can also be calculated as Actual FFT size to be used in 30 kHz SCS = 2048 Х (15 / 30) = 1024.

[0264] The reference FFT size for the reference SCS can be set / fixed to various values ​​other than 2048, such as 1024 or 4096.

[0265] For example, it is possible to have a structure in which the FFT size becomes smaller as the actual SCS increases while keeping the product (sampling frequency) of the reference SCS and the reference FFT size constant.

[0266] Therefore, the methods proposed below can be applied to all numerologies and FFT sizes expected by base stations and terminals without separate explanation.

[0267] As a method of setting the CP length within a given transmission time interval, a method may be proposed in which, among a total of N symbols existing within a given transmission time interval, a CP including an extra CP duration (or simply extra duration) is applied to n symbol(s), and a CP not including the extra CP duration is applied to the remaining Nn symbol(s). For example, such a method may be used for simultaneous downlink transmission for terminal(s) experiencing a relatively large delay spread and terminal(s) without it.

[0268] For example, when the CP length not including the extra CP duration is expressed as L_CP, the CP length of each of Nn symbol(s) is L_CP, and the CP length of n symbol(s) can be expressed as L_CP + extra CP duration.

[0269] Through the proposed method, there may be an advantage in that errors due to ISI caused by delay can be prevented for signals assigned to symbol(s) containing relatively long CP durations, while throughput gain reduction can be minimized for signals assigned to symbol(s) containing relatively short CP durations.

[0270] At this time, in order to reduce the configuration overhead, the CP length including the extra duration (e.g., L_CP + extra duration) and the CP length without the extra duration (e.g., L_CP) can be set through a predefined CP type indication (e.g., upper layer signaling).

[0271] And / or, n symbol(s) can be allocated consecutively within a given transmission time interval. From a decoding perspective, when control channels / signals are transmitted and received in consecutive symbols, the allocation positions of consecutive symbols can be allocated at the very beginning of a given transmission time interval. For example, among multiple OFDM symbols within a slot, an extra duration CP length can be set by adding an additional CP length (additional samples) to the normal CP length only for the first n OFDM symbols. This configuration allows for more flexible response to reception timing errors at the start of a slot and suppresses the occurrence of ISI (Inter-Symbol Interference) even in channel environments with relatively large multipath delay spread. Furthermore, since the CP is set long only for the initial multiple symbols, transmission overhead across the entire slot can be minimized while ensuring stable synchronization and channel estimation performance of the receiver. Furthermore, the initial n symbol interval can be utilized as a transmission interval for reference signals such as PRACH, SSB, and CSI-RS in system operation.

[0272] And / or, the extra duration can have the same duration for all supported SCS. By having the extra duration have the same duration for all SCS, there may be an advantage of having more flexibility when setting the symbol length and CP length within a given transmission time interval.

[0273] And / or, the extra duration can be set regardless of the value of n. For example, the extra duration can be determined based on the maximum value of n that can be set, and if a value of n smaller than the maximum value of n is set, the CP of all or some symbols among the Nn symbol(s) to which the CP including the extra duration is not applied can be extended or set to an empty guard period.

[0274] Alternatively, the extra duration can be set based on the value of n. For example, if the total available CP length for N symbols within a certain transmission time interval is X, the L_CP length can be equally allocated to each of the N symbols, and the remaining X- L_CP*N length can be divided and allocated only to n symbols. For example, if the remaining X- L_CP*N length is evenly distributed to the n symbols, the length of the extra CP duration per symbol can be calculated as (X- L_CP*N) / n. Alternatively, X- L_CP*N length can be unevenly distributed to the n symbols, or the remaining X- L_CP*N length can be allocated to the n symbols based on multiple extra CP duration values. For example, (X- L_CP*N) can correspond to a multiple of 16 * Ts that is greater than 16, but is not limited thereto.

[0275] And / or, the value of n can be restricted to a specific set of value(s). Restricting the candidate values ​​of n to a specific set of value(s) may have the advantage of reducing the implementation complexity of the terminal compared to defining all cases for N symbols existing within a certain transmission time interval, and may have the advantage of having slightly better flexibility in defining the CP length, as in the specific example described below.

[0276] And / or, the n value may be different depending on the SCS being set.

[0277] And / or, the n value can be set to be proportional to the SCS being set. For example, when the n value set for the smallest SCS is defined as n0, the n value for each SCS can be determined as in mathematical expression 4.

[0278] [Equation 4]

[0279]

[0280] For example, if the n value is set to 2 for 15kHz SCS, the n values ​​can be determined as 4, 8, and 16 for 30kHz, 60kHz, and 120kHz SCS, respectively. Since N, the total number of symbols existing within a certain transmission time interval, is proportional to the SCS, there may be an advantage in aligning symbol boundaries if the extra duration and n value are also set proportionally to the SCS.

[0281] And / or, a signal / channel may be transmitted and received depending on the purpose of the signal and / or terminal coverage for a section in which n symbol(s) to which CP including extra duration is applied (hereinafter, a first symbol section) is allocated and a section in which other Nn symbol(s) are allocated (hereinafter, a second symbol section). As a specific example, a CORSET of a common search space (CSS) may be set in the first symbol section, and the terminal(s) may monitor the CSS set in the first symbol section to receive control information and receive data scheduled in the first symbol section through scheduling information in the control information. And / or, for a terminal experiencing a large delay spread, a UE-specific search space (USS) may be set in the first symbol section, and the terminal may monitor the USS set in the first symbol section to receive control information through a PDCCH and receive data through a PDSCH scheduled in the first symbol section with the control information. And / or, for a terminal experiencing a small delay spread, a UE-specific search space (USS) may be set in the second symbol interval, and the terminal may monitor the USS set in the second symbol interval to receive control information via a PDCCH and receive data via a PDSCH scheduled in the second symbol interval with the control information. In some cases, the terminal experiencing a small delay spread may be enabled to receive data via a PDSCH scheduled in the second symbol interval with a PDCCH of a USS allocated to the first symbol interval. As another specific example, a terminal experiencing a small delay spread may receive a UL grant to transmit a PUSCH in both the first symbol interval and the second symbol interval, in which case the DM-RS may be configured to be transmitted only in the first symbol interval.

[0282] As a specific example of the proposed method, a method can be proposed in which the first n (n>1) consecutive symbols within a 0.5ms transmission time interval are subjected to a CP including an extra duration that has the same duration for all supported SCSs, and the remaining symbols are subjected to a CP that does not include an extra duration.

[0283] In particular, when n is set to > 1, it can have an advantageous effect compared to when n is set to = 1, because each of the first n (e.g., n ≥ 2) OFDM symbols in a slot can have an Extra duration length in addition to the basic CP length, so that interference can be suppressed more effectively even in a channel with a long delay spread, the timing error tolerance across the entire beginning of the slot can be expanded, and reception quality can be improved through continuous symbol-based channel estimation. In addition, when the present embodiment is combined with a repeated transmission or extended transmission structure of a control / reference signal, it can have an advantage of further increasing data reliability in a frequency-selective fading and interference environment.

[0284] Figure 13 illustrates an example of CP settings according to one embodiment.

[0285] Referring to Fig. 13, the first n symbols within a given transmission time interval (FC101) have a CP (FC103) including an extra duration, and the remaining symbols have a CP (FC104) that does not include an extra duration. FC102 refers to the OFDM symbol portion excluding the CP portion.

[0286] As an example to explain how to apply CP including extra duration with same duration for all supported SCS to the first n (n>1) consecutive symbols within each transmission time interval, let us assume that specific values ​​are applied in Fig. 13. For example, let us assume that FC101 is 0.5ms, n=3, FC103 is {448Х2^(-μ) +128}*Ts, and FC104 is 448Х2^(-μ) *Ts. This can correspond to Example 1-4 in Table 1 described below.

[0287] - For a signal with a subcarrier spacing (SCS) of 15 kHz (μ=0), the first three consecutive symbols within a 0.5 ms transmission time interval are {448Х2^(-μ) +128}*Ts = {448Х2 0 +128}*Ts (eg, 448Х2 0 Apply CP with duration of 128 samples and the remaining 3 symbols are 448Х2^(-μ)*Ts = 448Х2 0 Ts (eg, 448Х2 0 CP with a duration of 128 samples can be applied. Here, 128*Ts, which is the time length corresponding to 128 samples, is the extra duration, and 448X2 0 The time length corresponding to the dog samples can correspond to L_CP.

[0288] - For a signal of 30 kHz (μ=1), the first three consecutive symbols of every 0.5 ms transmission time interval are {448Х2 -1 Apply CP with duration of +128*Ts and the remaining 9 symbols are 448Х2 -1 *CP with a duration of Ts can be applied.

[0289] For another example, let us assume that FC101 is 0.5ms, n=4, FC103 is {384Х2^(-μ) +192}*Ts, and FC104 is 384Х2^(-μ) *Ts. This can correspond to Example 1-7 in Table 1 described below.

[0290] - For a signal with an SCS of 15 kHz, the first four consecutive symbols within a 0.5 ms transmission time interval are {384Х2 0 Apply CP with duration of +192*Ts and the remaining two symbols are 384Х2 0 A CP with a duration of Ts can be applied.

[0291] - For signals with SCS of 60 kHz, the first four consecutive symbols of each 0.5 ms transmission time interval are {384Х2 -2 Apply CP with duration of +192*Ts and the remaining 20 symbols are 384Х2 -2 A CP with a duration of Ts can be applied.

[0292] Examples of various CP lengths can be presented as in Table 1.

[0293] In Table 1, it is assumed that a total of 6*2^μ symbols are included in one transmission time interval for a given SCS. For example, when the symbol index l starts from 0, the symbol index 6*2^μ is the index of the first symbol in the second transmission time interval.

[0294] [Table 1]

[0295]

[0296] As another concrete example of the proposed method, for signals with SCSs greater than 30 kHz, the first n (n>0) consecutive symbols within a 0.5 ms transmission time interval may have a CP including an extra duration that has the same duration for all supported SCSs, and the remaining symbols may have a CP that does not include an extra duration.

[0297] Fig. 14 illustrates another example of CP settings according to one embodiment.

[0298] Referring to Fig. 14, the first symbol within a given transmission time interval (FC201) has a CP (FC203) including an extra duration, and the remaining symbols have a CP (FC204) that does not include an extra duration. FC202 refers to the OFDM symbol portion excluding the CP portion.

[0299] For example, let us assume that specific values ​​are applied to Fig. 14. For example, let us assume that FC201 is 0.5ms, n=1, FC203 is {312Х2^(- μ) +20}*Ts, and FC204 is 312Х2^(- μ) *Ts. This can correspond to Example 2-1 in Table 2 described below.

[0300] - For a signal with SCS of 30 kHz, the first symbol within a 0.5 ms transmission time interval is {312Х2 -1 Apply CP with duration of +20*Ts and the remaining 12 symbols are 312Х2 -1 A CP with a duration of Ts can be applied.

[0301] - For a signal with SCS of 60 kHz, the first symbol within a 0.5 ms transmission time interval is {312Х2 -2Apply CP with duration of +20*Ts and the remaining 25 symbols are 312Х2 -2 A CP with a duration of Ts can be applied.

[0302] Or, as another example, for a signal with an SCS of 30 kHz, every first four symbols within a 0.5 ms transmission time interval are {272Х2 -1 Apply CP with duration of +70*Ts and the remaining 9 symbols are 272Х2 -1 * A CP with a duration of Ts can be applied. For a signal of 60 kHz, the first four symbols within a 0.5 ms transmission time interval are {272Х2 -2 Apply CP with duration of +70*Ts and the remaining 22 symbols are 272Х2 -2 *CP with a duration of Ts can be applied. This can correspond to Example 2-6 in Table 2 described below.

[0303] Other applicable specific values ​​can be shown in Table 2 below.

[0304] In Table 2, it is assumed that a total of 13*2^(μ-1) symbols are included in one transmission time interval for a given SCS. For example, when the symbol index l starts from 0, the symbol index 13*2^(μ-1) is the index of the first symbol in the second transmission time interval.

[0305] [Table 2]

[0306]

[0307] In Example 2-1 of Table 2 above, when n = 1, assuming that the proposed new CP length is Long CP, Long CP can be expressed as in mathematical expression 5.

[0308] [Equation 5]

[0309]

[0310] A Long CP can be longer than a normal CP and shorter than an Extended CP. According to the proposed scheme, next-generation mobile communication systems support at least three CP lengths, at least one of which can be a Long CP type that supports extra duration. Which CP type is used, and if a Long CP type is used, the various configuration parameters described above for it, can be provided through higher-layer signaling.

[0311] As another concrete example of the proposed method, the first n (n>0) symbols within a 1ms transmission time interval can have a CP including an SCS-independent extra duration, and the remaining symbols can have a CP not including an extra duration.

[0312] Applying specific values ​​to the specific example above, for a signal with an SCS of 15 kHz, every first symbol within a 1 ms transmission time interval is {312Х2 0 Apply CP with duration of +40*Ts and the remaining 12 symbols are 312Х2 0 A CP with a duration of Ts can be applied. In this case, for a signal of 60 kHz, the first symbol within a 1 ms transmission time interval is {312Х2 -2 Apply CP with duration of +40*Ts and the remaining 51 symbols are 312Х2 -2 A CP with a duration of Ts can be applied.

[0313] Alternatively, for a signal with an SCS of 30 kHz, the first four symbols within a 1 ms transmission time interval are {312Х2 -1Apply CP with duration of +10*Ts and the remaining 22 symbols are 312Х2 -1 A CP with a duration of Ts can be applied. In this case, for a 60 kHz signal, the first four symbols within a 1 ms transmission time interval are {312Х2 -2 Apply CP with duration of +10*Ts and the remaining 48 symbols are 312Х2 -2 A CP with a duration of Ts can be applied.

[0314] Other applicable specific examples can be presented as shown in Table 3 below.

[0315] In Table 3, it is assumed that a total of 13*2^(μ) symbols are included in one transmission time interval for a given SCS. For example, when the symbol index l starts from 0, the symbol index 13*2^(μ) is the index of the first symbol in the second transmission time interval.

[0316] [Table 3]

[0317]

[0318] The methods proposed above can be applied to other transmission time intervals in addition to the transmission time intervals illustrated.

[0319] Figure 15 illustrates a terminal DL signal reception operation according to one embodiment.

[0320] Referring to FIG. 15, the terminal can receive DL configuration information from the base station through RRC signaling (1505).

[0321] The terminal can obtain CP type setting information and setting information for the n value based on the DL setting information (1510).

[0322] The terminal can receive and process the DL signal in the transmission time interval according to the configured CP length type and / or the ODFM symbol signal generation method corresponding to n. Specifically, the terminal can receive the DL signal in the configured signal section (1515), remove the CP from the DL signal based on the configuration information (1520), and perform FFT and demodulation (1525).

[0323] Figure 16 illustrates a terminal UL signal transmission operation according to one embodiment.

[0324] Referring to FIG. 16, the terminal can receive UL configuration information from the base station through RRC signaling (1605).

[0325] The terminal can obtain CP type setting information and setting information for the n value based on the UL setting information (1610).

[0326] The terminal can process and transmit the UL signal in the transmission time interval according to the configured CP length type and / or the ODFM symbol signal generation method corresponding to n. Specifically, the terminal can perform IFFT and modulation (1615), insert a CP in the UL signal based on the configured information (1620), and transmit the UL signal in the configured signal section (1625).

[0327] If the above proposed method is applied, it may have the advantage of enabling flexible scheduling for various scenarios by additionally supporting the number of ODFM symbols and the type of CP length within the transmission time interval compared to the ODFM symbol signal generation method supported by the existing specification. In addition, it may have the advantage of enabling efficient symbol resource allocation / management according to the different purposes of the signal / channel by supporting different CP lengths for symbols within a certain transmission time interval.

[0328] FIG. 17 illustrates a flow of a method performed by a terminal according to one embodiment.

[0329] Referring to FIG. 17, the terminal can receive configuration information for a CP (cyclic prefix) of an OFDM (orthogonal frequency divisional multiplex) symbol through upper layer signaling (A05).

[0330] Based on the above setting information, the terminal can transmit an uplink signal or receive a downlink signal through a plurality of OFDM symbols belonging to one time resource unit (A10).

[0331] The plurality of OFDM symbols may include a first OFDM symbol group having a first CP length and a second OFDM symbol group having a second CP length shorter than the first CP length.

[0332] The second CP length may be determined based on the SCS, and the first CP length may be determined as the sum of the second CP length determined based on the SCS and an additional CP length determined independently of the SCS.

[0333] The number of symbols included in the first OFDM symbol group for which the additional CP length is set may be at least 2.

[0334] The symbols included in the above first OFDM symbol group may be consecutive to each other.

[0335] In the time domain, the first OFDM symbol group may be located before the second symbol group.

[0336] The number of symbols included in the first OFDM symbol group can be set through upper layer signaling.

[0337] The number of symbols included in the first OFDM symbol group may be determined based on the subcarrier spacing (SCS).

[0338] The above second CP length may be longer than the Normal CP length and shorter than the Extended CP length.

[0339] The above additional CP length can be determined based on the maximum number of symbols that can be set for the first OFDM symbol group.

[0340] The above one time resource unit may be a transmission time interval (TTI) or a slot.

[0341] In the first OFDM symbol group, a first signal may be transmitted or received, and in the second OFDM symbol group, a second signal may be transmitted or received.

[0342] FIG. 18 illustrates a flow of a method performed by at least one base station according to one embodiment.

[0343] Referring to FIG. 18, at least one base station can transmit configuration information for a CP (cyclic prefix) of an OFDM (orthogonal frequency divisional multiplex) symbol to a terminal through upper layer signaling (B05).

[0344] At least one base station can transmit a downlink signal to the terminal or receive an uplink signal from the terminal through a plurality of OFDM symbols belonging to one time resource unit based on the above configuration information (B10).

[0345] The plurality of OFDM symbols may include a first OFDM symbol group having a first CP length and a second OFDM symbol group having a second CP length shorter than the first CP length.

[0346] The second CP length may be determined based on the SCS, and the first CP length may be determined as the sum of the second CP length determined based on the SCS and an additional CP length determined independently of the SCS.

[0347] The number of symbols included in the first OFDM symbol group for which the additional CP length is set may be at least 2.

[0348] The symbols included in the above first OFDM symbol group may be consecutive to each other.

[0349] In the time domain, the first OFDM symbol group may be located before the second symbol group.

[0350] The number of symbols included in the first OFDM symbol group can be set through upper layer signaling.

[0351] The number of symbols included in the first OFDM symbol group may be determined based on the subcarrier spacing (SCS).

[0352] The above second CP length may be longer than the Normal CP length and shorter than the Extended CP length.

[0353] The above additional CP length can be determined based on the maximum number of symbols that can be set for the first OFDM symbol group.

[0354] The above one time resource unit may be a transmission time interval (TTI) or a slot.

[0355] In the first OFDM symbol group, a first signal may be transmitted or received, and in the second OFDM symbol group, a second signal may be transmitted or received.

[0356] The embodiments described above are combinations of components and features of the present disclosure in a predetermined form. Each component or feature should be considered optional unless explicitly stated otherwise. Each component or feature may be implemented without being combined with other components or features. Furthermore, it is also possible to form embodiments of the present disclosure by combining some components and / or features. The order of operations described in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be changed. Some components or features of one embodiment may be included in another embodiment or may be replaced with corresponding components or features of another embodiment. It is self-evident that claims that do not have an explicit citation relationship in the patent claims may be combined to form embodiments or incorporated as new claims through post-application amendments.

[0357] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the above detailed description should not be construed as limiting in any respect, but rather as illustrative. The scope of the present disclosure should be determined by a reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all modifications within the scope of equivalents of the present disclosure are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0358] The present disclosure may be used in a terminal, base station, or other equipment of a wireless mobile communication system.

Claims

1. In a method performed by a terminal, Receiving configuration information for the cyclic prefix (CP) of an orthogonal frequency divisional multiplex (OFDM) symbol through upper layer signaling; and Based on the above setting information, it includes transmitting an uplink signal or receiving a downlink signal through a plurality of OFDM symbols belonging to one time resource unit, The plurality of OFDM symbols include a first OFDM symbol group having a first CP length and a second OFDM symbol group having a second CP length shorter than the first CP length, The above second CP length is determined based on the SCS, The first CP length is determined as the sum of the second CP length determined based on the SCS and an additional CP length determined independently of the SCS, A method wherein the number of symbols included in the first OFDM symbol group for which the additional CP length is set is at least 2.

2. In paragraph 1, A method in which the symbols included in the first OFDM symbol group are consecutive to each other.

3. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the first OFDM symbol group is located before the second symbol group in the time domain.

4. In paragraph 1, A method in which the number of symbols included in the first OFDM symbol group is set through upper layer signaling.

5. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the number of symbols included in the first OFDM symbol group is determined based on a subcarrier spacing (SCS).

6. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the second CP length is longer than the Normal CP length and shorter than the Extended CP length.

7. In paragraph 1, A method in which the additional CP length is determined based on the maximum number of symbols that can be set for the first OFDM symbol group.

8. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the above one time resource unit is a transmission time interval (TTI) or slot.

9. In paragraph 1, A method wherein a first signal is transmitted or received in the first OFDM symbol group, and a second signal is transmitted or received in the second OFDM symbol group.

10. A non-transitory storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a terminal, cause the terminal to perform the method described in claim 1.

11. In the device, at least one processor; and At least one memory configured to store instructions that, when executed by said at least one processor, cause said device to perform operations; The above actions are, Receiving configuration information for the cyclic prefix (CP) of an orthogonal frequency divisional multiplex (OFDM) symbol through upper layer signaling; and Based on the above setting information, it includes transmitting an uplink signal or receiving a downlink signal through a plurality of OFDM symbols belonging to one time resource unit, The plurality of OFDM symbols include a first OFDM symbol group having a first CP length and a second OFDM symbol group having a second CP length shorter than the first CP length, The above second CP length is determined based on the SCS, The first CP length is determined as the sum of the second CP length determined based on the SCS and an additional CP length determined independently of the SCS, A method wherein the number of symbols included in the first OFDM symbol group for which the additional CP length is set is at least 2.

12. In paragraph 11, The device further comprises at least one transceiver, The above device is a terminal device.

13. In paragraph 11, The above device is a processing device configured to control a terminal.

14. In a method performed by at least one base station, Transmitting configuration information for the CP (cyclic prefix) of an OFDM (orthogonal frequency divisional multiplex) symbol to the terminal through upper layer signaling; and Based on the above setting information, transmitting a downlink signal to the terminal or receiving an uplink signal from the terminal through a plurality of OFDM symbols belonging to one time resource unit, The plurality of OFDM symbols include a first OFDM symbol group having a first CP length and a second OFDM symbol group having a second CP length shorter than the first CP length, The above second CP length is determined based on the SCS, The first CP length is determined as the sum of the second CP length determined based on the SCS and an additional CP length determined independently of the SCS, A method wherein the number of symbols included in the first OFDM symbol group for which the additional CP length is set is at least 2.

15. In at least one base station, at least one processor; and At least one memory configured to store instructions that, when executed by said at least one processor, cause said at least one base station to perform operations; The above actions are, Transmitting configuration information for the CP (cyclic prefix) of an OFDM (orthogonal frequency divisional multiplex) symbol to the terminal through upper layer signaling; and Based on the above setting information, transmitting a downlink signal to the terminal or receiving an uplink signal from the terminal through a plurality of OFDM symbols belonging to one time resource unit, The plurality of OFDM symbols include a first OFDM symbol group having a first CP length and a second OFDM symbol group having a second CP length shorter than the first CP length, The above second CP length is determined based on the SCS, The first CP length is determined as the sum of the second CP length determined based on the SCS and an additional CP length determined independently of the SCS, At least one base station, wherein the number of symbols included in the first OFDM symbol group for which the additional CP length is set is at least 2.

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