Method and device for measuring base station-to-terminal transmission in non-terrestrial network-based communication

Abstract

Proposed is an operation method of a first device (100) in a wireless communication system. The method may comprise the steps of: acquiring non-terrestrial network configuration information; receiving a first reference signal from a second device (200); deriving a first path loss value related to the second device (200) on the basis of the first reference signal; and deriving a compensation value on the basis of the location of the first device (100) and the non-terrestrial network configuration information.

Description

Measurement method and device for base station-to-terminal transmission in non-terrestrial network-based communication

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system.

[0002] 5G NR, the successor to LTE (long-term evolution), is a new clean-slate mobile communications system characterized by high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, from low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0003] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims to achieve (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) low energy consumption for battery-free Internet of Things (IoT) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be divided into four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements as shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 can represent an example of the requirements of a 6G system.

[0004] Maximum data rate per device: 1 Tbps, E2E latency: 1 ms, Maximum spectral efficiency: 100 bps / Hz, Mobility support: Up to 1000 km / hr, Satellite integration: Fully AI, Fully autonomous driving, Fully XR, Fully haptic communication

[0005] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method that can be performed by a first device may be provided. For example, the method may include: obtaining non-terrestrial network configuration information, wherein the non-terrestrial network configuration information includes at least one of ephemeris information related to a second device, information related to a distance between the second device and a terminal-to-base station synchronization reference location, or information related to a distance between the second device and a terrestrial gateway; receiving a first reference signal from the second device; deriving a first path loss value related to the second device based on the first reference signal; and deriving a compensation value based on a location of the first device and the non-terrestrial network configuration information.

[0006] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: obtain non-terrestrial network configuration information, wherein the non-terrestrial network configuration information includes at least one of ephemeris information associated with a second device, information associated with a distance between the second device and a terminal-to-base station synchronization reference location, or information associated with a distance between the second device and a terrestrial gateway; receive a first reference signal from the second device; derive a first path loss value associated with the second device based on the first reference signal; and derive a compensation value based on a location of the first device and the non-terrestrial network configuration information.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a first device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: obtain non-terrestrial network configuration information, wherein the non-terrestrial network configuration information includes at least one of ephemeris information associated with a second device, information associated with a distance between the second device and a terminal-to-base station synchronization reference location, or information associated with a distance between the second device and a terrestrial gateway; receive a first reference signal from the second device; derive a first path loss value associated with the second device based on the first reference signal; and derive a compensation value based on a location of the first device and the non-terrestrial network configuration information.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a first device to: obtain non-terrestrial network configuration information, wherein the non-terrestrial network configuration information includes at least one of ephemeris information associated with a second device, information associated with a distance between the second device and a terminal-to-base station synchronization reference location, or information associated with a distance between the second device and a terrestrial gateway; receive a first reference signal from the second device; derive a first path loss value associated with the second device based on the first reference signal; and derive a compensation value based on a location of the first device and the non-terrestrial network configuration information.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method that can be performed by a second device can be provided. For example, the method comprises: transmitting, to a first device, non-terrestrial network configuration information, wherein the non-terrestrial network configuration information includes at least one of ephemeris information related to the second device, information related to a distance between the second device and a terminal-to-base station synchronization reference position, or information related to a distance between the second device and a terrestrial gateway; transmitting a first reference signal to the first device; And a step of receiving a first signal from the first device, wherein the first signal is transmitted by the first device based on a second path loss value, the second path loss value is derived by the first device based on the first path loss value and a compensation value derived based on the first reference signal, and the compensation value can be derived by the first device based on the location of the first device and the non-terrestrial network setting information.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. For example, the second device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to: transmit, to a first device, non-terrestrial network configuration information, wherein the non-terrestrial network configuration information includes at least one of ephemeris information related to the second device, information related to a distance between the second device and a terminal-to-base station synchronization reference position, or information related to a distance between the second device and a terrestrial gateway; and cause the first device to transmit a first reference signal. And receive a first signal from the first device, wherein the first signal is transmitted by the first device based on a second path loss value, the second path loss value is derived by the first device based on the first path loss value and a compensation value derived based on the first reference signal, and the compensation value can be derived by the first device based on the location of the first device and the non-terrestrial network setting information.

[0011] Figure 1 illustrates a device-to-device communication procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0012] FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0013] FIG. 3 illustrates the structure of a wireless frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 4 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 8 illustrates components of a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) of transparent payloads according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 9 illustrates a Ka band in which the frequencies of a terminal-to-base station transmission carrier (e.g., UL transmission carrier) and a base station-to-terminal transmission carrier (e.g., DL transmission carrier) are different according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 10 illustrates a procedure in which a first device performs a compensation operation based on ephemeris information of a second device, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 11 illustrates a procedure of a method that can be performed by a first device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 12 illustrates a procedure of a method that can be performed by a second device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 13 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 14 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 15 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 16 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 17 illustrates a mobile device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] In this disclosure, "A or B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." In other words, "A or B" in this disclosure can be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, "A, B or C" in this disclosure can mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0029] As used herein, a slash ( / ) or a comma may mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B, or C."

[0030] In the present disclosure, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” Additionally, in the present disclosure, the expressions “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and / or B” may be interpreted identically to “at least one of A and B.”

[0031] Additionally, in the present disclosure, “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and / or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

[0032] Additionally, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, "control information" in the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (e.g., PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

[0033] In the following explanation, ‘when, if, in case of’ can be replaced with ‘based on’.

[0034] In the present disclosure, the device obtaining information may include the information being (pre-)set to the device, the information being received from another entity to the device, or the device generating the information.

[0035] Technical features individually described in one drawing in this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0036] In the present disclosure, higher layer parameters may be parameters set for the terminal, preset, or predefined. For example, a base station or network may transmit higher layer parameters to the terminal. For example, the higher layer parameters may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0037] In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC, DCI (downlink control information), etc.) from a base station or a network. In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., MAC, RRC, SCI (sidelink control information), device-to-device signaling control information, etc.) from another device. In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device.

[0038] In the present disclosure, a user equipment (UE) may refer to a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc. In the present disclosure, a base station (BS) may refer to a radio access network (RAN) node, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) cell / node, a transmission reception point (TRP), a network, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc.

[0039] The technology proposed in the present disclosure can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0040] The technology proposed in this disclosure can be implemented with 6G wireless technology and applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0041] FIG. 1 illustrates a device-to-device communication procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 1 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0042] Referring to FIG. 1, in step S101, a first device and a second device can perform synchronization. For example, the first device can be a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the second device can be a base station, a network, a RAN node, an NTN node / cell, a TRP, a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the first device can perform an initial cell search operation. For example, the first device can detect at least one synchronization signal transmitted by the second device according to a predefined rule. Here, for example, the synchronization signal can include a plurality of synchronization signals classified according to a structure or purpose (e.g., a primary synchronization signal, a secondary synchronization signal, etc.). Through this, the first device can identify the boundaries of the frame, subframe, time unit, slot, and / or symbol of the second device, and the first device can obtain information about the second device (e.g., a cell identifier).

[0043] In step S103, the first device can obtain system information transmitted by the second device. For example, the system information may include information related to the properties, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the second device required to connect to the second device and use the service. For example, the system information may be classified according to content (e.g., whether it is essential for connection), transmission structure (e.g., the channel used, whether it is provided on-demand), etc. For example, the system information may be classified into a master information block (MIB) and a system information block (SIB). For example, if necessary, the first device may transmit a signal requesting system information before receiving the system information. For example, the request and provision of system information may be performed after a random access procedure described below.

[0044] In step S105, the first device and the second device can perform a random access procedure. For example, the first device can transmit and / or receive at least one message (e.g., a random access preamble, a random access response message, etc.) for the random access procedure based on information related to a random access channel of the second device obtained through system information (e.g., channel location, channel structure, structure of supported preamble, etc.). For example, the first device can transmit a preamble (e.g., Msg1) through the random access channel, the first device can receive a random access response message (e.g., Msg2), the first device can transmit a message (e.g., Msg3) including information related to the first device (e.g., identification information) to the second device using scheduling information included in the random access response message, and the first device can receive a message (e.g., Msg4) for contention resolution and / or connection establishment. For example, Msg1 and Msg3 can be sent and received as one message (e.g., MsgA), and / or Msg2 and Msg4 can be sent and received as one message (e.g., MsgB).

[0045] In step S107, the first device and the second device may perform signaling of control information. Here, for example, the control information may be defined in various layers, such as a layer that controls a connection (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) layer), a layer that handles mapping between logical channels and transport channels (e.g., a media access control (MAC) layer), a layer that handles physical channels (e.g., a physical (PHY) layer), etc. For example, the first device and the second device may perform at least one of signaling for establishing a connection, signaling for determining settings related to communication, and / or signaling for indicating allocated resources. For example, the control information may be signaled / transmitted via a control channel. For example, the control information and / or the control channel may be used to schedule at least one of data, a data channel (e.g., a shared channel), and / or control information on the data channel.

[0046] In step S109, the first device and the second device may transmit and / or receive data. For example, the first device and the second device may process, transmit, and / or receive data based on signaling of control information. For example, when transmitting data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of channel encoding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and / or resource mapping on the information bits. For example, when receiving data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, waveform demodulation for each antenna, signal arrangement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and / or channel decoding.

[0047] For example, the layers of a radio interface protocol between a first device and a second device can be divided into L1 (layer 1), L2 (layer 2), L3 (layer 3), etc. For example, a physical layer belonging to the first layer can provide an information transfer service using a physical channel, and an RRC (radio resource control) layer located in the third layer can play a role in controlling radio resources between the first device and the second device. For this purpose, for example, the RRC layer can exchange RRC messages between the first device and the second device.

[0048] FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 2 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. For example, (a) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a user plane for uplink communication or downlink communication, and (b) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a control plane for uplink communication or downlink communication. For example, (c) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a user plane for device-to-device communication, and (d) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a control plane for device-to-device communication.

[0049] For example, the physical layer can provide information transmission services to upper layers using physical channels. For example, the physical layer can be connected to the upper layer, the medium access control (MAC) layer, through a transport channel. For example, data can be transmitted between the MAC layer and the physical layer through the transport channel. For example, transport channels can be classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted over the wireless interface. For example, data can be transmitted between different physical layers, for example, between the physical layers of a first device and a second device, through the physical channel. For example, the physical channel can be modulated using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, and time and frequency can be utilized as radio resources.

[0050] For example, the MAC layer can provide services to the upper layer, the radio link control (RLC) layer, through logical channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide a mapping function from multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide a logical channel multiplexing function by mapping multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. For example, the MAC sublayer can provide data transmission services on logical channels.

[0051] For example, the RLC layer can perform concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs). For example, to guarantee the various quality of service (QoS) required by radio bearers (RBs), the RLC layer can provide three operating modes: transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged mode (AM). For example, AM RLC can provide error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ).

[0052] For example, the RRC (radio resource control) layer can be defined only in the control plane. For example, the RRC layer can be responsible for controlling logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, re-configuration, and release of radio bearers. For example, an RB can mean a logical path provided by a first layer (e.g., a physical layer) and a second layer (e.g., a MAC layer, an RLC layer, a PDCP (packet data convergence protocol) layer, a SDAP (service data adaptation protocol) layer, etc.) for data transmission between a first device and a second device.

[0053] For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the user plane may include forwarding of user data, header compression, and ciphering. For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the control plane may include forwarding of control plane data and ciphering / integrity protection.

[0054] For example, establishing an RB can refer to the process of defining the characteristics of the radio protocol layer and channel to provide a specific service, and setting specific parameters and operating methods for each. For example, RBs can be divided into two types: signaling radio bearers (SRBs) and data radio bearers (DRBs). For example, SRBs can be used as a channel to transmit RRC messages in the control plane, while DRBs can be used as a channel to transmit user data in the user plane.

[0055] For example, a downlink transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast channel (BCH) for transmitting system information, and / or a downlink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. For example, traffic or control messages of a downlink multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted through the downlink SCH, or may be transmitted through a separate downlink multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, an uplink transmission channel may include at least one of a random access channel (RACH) for transmitting initial control messages, and / or an uplink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. For example, a logical channel located above a transmission channel and mapped to the transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and / or a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).

[0056] FIG. 3 illustrates the structure of a wireless frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 3 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0057] Referring to FIG. 3, for example, a radio frame may be used in uplink transmission, downlink transmission, and / or device-to-device transmission. For example, a radio frame may have a length of 10 ms and may be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). For example, a half-frame may include five 1 ms subframes (SF). For example, a subframe may be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe may be determined according to a subcarrier spacing (SCS). For example, each slot may include 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols, depending on a cyclic prefix (CP).

[0058] For example, when normal CP is used, each slot can contain 14 symbols. For example, when extended CP is used, each slot can contain 12 symbols. Here, for example, the symbols can contain OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA (single carrier-FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0059] Table 2 below shows the number of symbols per slot (N) depending on the SCS setting (u) when normal CP or extended CP is used. slot symb ), number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot) is an example.

[0060] CP type SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot Normal CP15kHz (u=0)1410130kHz (u=1)1420260kHz (u=2)14404120kHz (u=3)14808240kHz (u=4)1416016Extended CP60kHz (u=2)12404

[0061] For example, OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be set differently between multiple cells that are merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of time resources (e.g., subframes, slots, or transmit time intervals (TTIs)) composed of the same number of symbols may be set differently between the merged cells. For example, in the present disclosure, time resources such as subframes, slots, TTIs, etc. may be referred to as time units.

[0062] For example, multiple numerologies, or SCSs, may be supported to support various services. For example, a 15 kHz SCS may support wide areas in traditional cellular bands, while a 30 kHz / 60 kHz SCS may support dense urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth. For example, a 60 kHz or higher SCS may support bandwidths greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0063] FIG. 4 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 4 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0064] Referring to FIG. 4, for example, a slot may include multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, a carrier may include multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a resource block (RB) may be defined as multiple consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a bandwidth part (BWP) may be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((physical) resource blocks) in the frequency domain, and may correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). For example, a carrier may include at most N BWPs (where N is a positive integer). For example, data communication may be performed through an activated BWP. For example, each element may be referred to as a resource element (RE) in the resource grid, and one complex symbol may be mapped to it.

[0065] For example, a BWP may be a contiguous set of PRBs in a given numerology. For example, a PRB may be selected from a contiguous subset of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.

[0066] For example, the BWP may be at least one of an active BWP, an initial BWP, and / or a default BWP. For example, the UE may not monitor the downlink radio link quality in a DL BWP other than the active DL BWP on the PCell (primary cell). For example, the UE may not receive a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), or a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) (except for radio resource management (RRM)) outside of the active DL BWP. For example, the UE may not trigger channel state information (CSI) reporting for an inactive DL BWP. For example, the UE may not transmit a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) outside of the active UL BWP. For example, for downlink, the initial BWP can be given as a set of consecutive resource blocks (RBs) for the remaining minimum system information (RMSI) CORESET (control resource set) (set by the physical broadcast channel (PBCH)). For uplink, for example, the initial BWP can be given by the system information block (SIB) for the random access procedure. For example, the default BWP can be set by a higher layer. For example, the initial value of the default BWP can be the initial DL BWP.For energy saving, if a terminal does not detect DCI (downlink control information) for a certain period of time, the terminal may switch its active BWP to a default BWP.

[0067] In the present disclosure, PSCCH may be replaced by a control channel, a physical control channel, a control channel associated with a sidelink, a physical control channel associated with a sidelink, a device-to-device physical control channel, etc. In the present disclosure, PSSCH may be replaced by a shared channel, a physical shared channel, a shared channel associated with a sidelink, a physical shared channel associated with a sidelink, a device-to-device physical shared channel, etc. For example, SL communication may be replaced by device-to-device communication. For example, in terms referring to various channels and / or signals associated with SL communication, the SL part may be replaced by "device-to-device."

[0068] In the present disclosure, PUCCH may be replaced by a control channel, a physical control channel, a control channel associated with uplink, a physical control channel associated with uplink, a device-to-base station physical control channel, a terminal-to-base station physical control channel, etc. In the present disclosure, PUSCH may be replaced by a shared channel, a physical shared channel, a shared channel associated with uplink, a physical shared channel associated with uplink, a device-to-base station physical shared channel, a terminal-to-base station physical shared channel, etc. For example, UL communication may be replaced by terminal-to-base station communication or device-to-base station communication. For example, in terms referring to various channels and / or signals associated with UL communication, the UL part may be replaced by "device-to-base station" or "terminal-to-base station."

[0069] In the present disclosure, PDCCH may be replaced by a control channel, a physical control channel, a downlink-related control channel, a downlink-related physical control channel, a base station-to-device physical control channel, a base station-to-terminal physical control channel, etc. In the present disclosure, PDSCH may be replaced by a shared channel, a physical shared channel, a downlink-related shared channel, a downlink-related physical shared channel, a base station-to-device physical shared channel, a base station-to-terminal physical shared channel, etc. For example, DL communication may be replaced by base station-to-device communication or base station-to-terminal communication. For example, the DL part in terms referring to various channels and / or signals related to DL communication may be replaced by "base station-to-device" or "base station-to-terminal."

[0070] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 5 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0071] Referring to FIG. 5, for example, a common resource block (CRB) may be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier band to the other, and a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. For example, point A may indicate a common reference point for a resource block grid.

[0072] For example, BWP is point A, offset from point A (N start BWP ) and bandwidth (N size BWP) can be set by. For example, point A can be an outer reference point of the PRB of a carrier where subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network on that carrier) aligns. For example, the offset can be the PRB spacing between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and point A. For example, the bandwidth can be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

[0073] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0074] As core implementation technologies of the 6G system, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), THz (terahertz) communication, optical wireless technology, free-space optical transmission (FSO) backhaul networks, massive MIMO (multiple input multiple output) technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cell-free communication, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET), integration of sensing and communication, integration of access backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and large intelligent surface (LIS) can be adopted.

[0075] - Artificial Intelligence: Incorporating AI into communications can streamline and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analytics to determine how complex target tasks should be performed. For example, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays. Time-consuming tasks such as handovers, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a crucial role in machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. AI can also facilitate rapid communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0076] - THz communication (terahertz communication): Data rates can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidths and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter waves, typically refer to the frequency range between 0.1 THz and 10 THz, with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz band (sub-THz band) is considered a key part of the THz spectrum for cellular communications. Adding the sub-THz band to the mmWave band will increase the capacity of 6G cellular communications. Among the defined THz bands, 300 GHz to 3 THz lies in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. While part of the optical band, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band lies at the boundary of the optical band, immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz to 3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF. Key characteristics of THz communications include (i) the widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates and (ii) the high path loss that occurs at high frequencies (requiring highly directional antennas). The narrow beamwidths generated by highly directional antennas reduce interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for a significantly larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and base stations operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies to overcome range limitations.

[0077] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0078] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0079] - Optical wireless technology

[0080] - Free-space optical transmission backhaul network (FSO backhaul network)

[0081] - Quantum communication

[0082] - Cell-free communication

[0083] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0084] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0085] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0086] - Big data analysis

[0087] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface

[0088] - metaverse

[0089] - Block chain

[0090] Advanced Air Mobility (AAM): AAM can be a broad concept encompassing urban air mobility (UAM), regional air mobility (RAM), and uncrewed aerial systems (UAS). For example, AAM can include UAM, RAM, UAS, and uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs).

[0091] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a key element in building autonomous driving infrastructure, can be a technology that allows cars to communicate and share with various elements on the road for autonomous driving, such as vehicle to vehicle (V2V) wireless communication and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) wireless communication.

[0092] Non-terrestrial network (NTN): NTN can refer to a network or network segment that utilizes radio frequency (RF) resources mounted on satellites (or UAS platforms). NTN services may be considered to secure wider coverage or provide wireless communication services in locations where the installation of wireless communication base stations is difficult.

[0093] - Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment.

[0094] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS): RIS can be used to manipulate and enhance signal propagation in wireless communication environments. For example, a RIS can be composed of many small antennas, or metasurfaces, arranged on a surface, each of which can actively control the phase, amplitude, polarization, etc. of the reflected signal. For example, a RIS can improve signal reception by controlling the path, phase, and / or intensity of the propagating signal. For example, in the case of a RIS, power consumption can be very low because power is consumed only for controlling the phase and amplitude of the small antennas. For example, because a RIS can be reconfigured to suit different environments, it can meet diverse communication requirements and operate effectively in dynamic network environments.

[0095] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0096] Referring to FIG. 7, NTN communication can be performed based on satellite networks, high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) as international mobile telecommunications (IMT) base stations (BS), and terminals capable of aerial communication (e.g., AAMs). For example, to improve coverage, etc., devices such as satellite networks, HIBS, and terminals capable of aerial communication (e.g., AAMs) can act as relays. For example, an AAM can communicate with a base station, a satellite network, etc., and / or an AAM can communicate directly with a terminal, another AAM, etc.

[0097] FIG. 8 illustrates components of a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) of transparent payloads according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 8 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0098] Non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) platforms (especially satellites) can be broadly divided into transparent payloads and regenerative payloads depending on the characteristics of the payload.

[0099] For example, in a transparent payload, roles such as radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion and amplification are performed, so that the waveform signal of the transmission payload may not be changed.

[0100] Conversely, for example, in the case of regenerative payloads, the functions of frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification may also be performed, in addition to demodulation / decoding, switching and / or routing, and coding / modulation. Therefore, all or part of the base station functions may be considered to be onboard the satellite.

[0101] Meanwhile, the next-generation wireless communication system may be configured in a form that integrates terrestrial network (e.g., TN; terrestrial network)-based communication and non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN; non-terrestrial network)-based communication, and in the above situation, the distinction between terrestrial network (e.g., TN) and non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) may not be explicit.

[0102] For example, in the present disclosure, a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) may mean communication based on a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN). For example, in the present disclosure, a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) may mean a base station (e.g., a non-terrestrial (e.g., NTN) base station) that performs communication based on a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN). For example, in the present disclosure, a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) terminal may mean a terminal that performs communication based on a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN).

[0103] Meanwhile, the terminal can perform optimized operations for each case in which the network is classified as a terrestrial network (e.g., TN) or a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN), or classified into a similar category.

[0104] Various embodiments of the present disclosure or combinations thereof may be applied differently depending on the payload type of the satellite (e.g., regenerative payload or transparent payload).

[0105] Various embodiments of the present disclosure or combinations thereof may be applied differently depending on the type of non-terrestrial network node (e.g., GEO, NGEO, LEO, MEO, HASP, or drone), altitude, or beam footprint (e.g., fixed beam footprint or cell-moving beam footprint).

[0106] Meanwhile, depending on the band, the base station-to-terminal spectrum (e.g., DL spectrum) and the terminal-to-base station spectrum (e.g., UL spectrum) may be different when a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) operates, and furthermore, since the frequency positions thereof are significantly different, the frequency characteristics between the base station-to-terminal signal (e.g., DL signal) and the terminal-to-base station signal (e.g., UL signal) may be significantly different.

[0107] For example, in the Ka-band (e.g., Ka-band; K band above), the carrier frequency for base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) may be 20 GHz, while the carrier frequency for terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) may be 30 GHz.

[0108] In the above situation, the channel characteristics experienced by the base station-to-terminal signal (e.g., DL signal) and the channel characteristics experienced by the terminal-to-base station signal (e.g., UL signal) for the same non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) base station node and terminal location relationship may be different, and the elements may include at least one of the following:

[0109] - Pathloss: As the carrier frequency increases, the degree of attenuation may increase.

[0110] - Doppler shift: For the same value of ppm, the actual frequency offset value may differ.

[0111] - Effects in the ionosphere layer (attenuation, reflection, scattering, delay, etc.)

[0112] - Faraday rotation: ψ = 108 / (f^2), where f is GHz.

[0113] - Beta value: Beta = RM*lambda^{2}

[0114] - Ionosphere scintillation: Can be considered primarily below 6 GHz.

[0115] Tropospheric scintillation: This can be primarily considered above 6 GHz. Unlike ionospheric scintillation, the effects of tropospheric scintillation increase with the signal carrier frequency and can be particularly pronounced above 10 GHz.

[0116] FIG. 9 illustrates Ka bands in which the frequencies of a terminal-to-base station transmission carrier (e.g., UL transmission carrier) and a base station-to-terminal transmission carrier (e.g., DL transmission carrier) are different, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0117] Referring to FIG. 9, a Ka band including a terminal-to-base station transmission carrier (e.g., UL transmission carrier) and a base station-to-terminal transmission carrier (e.g., DL transmission carrier) is shown. The Ka band may refer to a frequency band. The frequency of the terminal-to-base station transmission carrier (e.g., UL transmission carrier) and the frequency of the base station-to-terminal transmission carrier (e.g., DL transmission carrier) may be different.

[0118] For example, when the transmission and reception operation on this Ka band is performed in a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN)-based communication, the channel conditions experienced by base station-to-terminal transmission (e.g., DL transmission) and the channel conditions experienced by terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) may be different, and therefore, even if the same base station and terminal perform communication, smooth communication may be difficult. Various embodiments of the present disclosure propose methods for solving this problem.

[0119] Meanwhile, in a general communication situation, a term (path loss term) for compensating for path loss may be used in the terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) power, and the path loss term may be determined based on a measurement value based on a base station-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., DL reference signal).

[0120] For example, in the case of a 5G system, the path loss term could be calculated by subtracting the measured reference signal received power (e.g., RSRP) based on the base station-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., DL reference signal) from the reference power value for the base station-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., DL reference signal). However, if the channel characteristics (e.g., path loss, Fadaday effect, Doppler shift, etc.) experienced by the base station-to-terminal signal (e.g., DL signal) and the terminal-to-base station signal (e.g., UL signal) are different (due to carrier frequency differences, etc.), the accuracy of the path loss estimated based on the measured value of the base station-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., DL reference signal) may be significantly reduced.

[0121] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, when a terminal estimates a path loss (for the purpose of controlling terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) power, etc.), a reference power value of a base station-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., DL reference signal), a reference signal reception power (e.g., RSRP) measurement value based on the base station-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., DL reference signal), an offset value instructed and / or set by a base station node, and / or a compensation value between a base station-to-terminal channel (e.g., DL channel) and a terminal-to-base station channel (e.g., UL channel) may be used.

[0122] For example, the path loss estimation value may be applied in the form of subtracting a reference signal reception power (e.g., RSRP) measurement value from a reference power value and then adding a compensation value or offset value, and / or multiplying the compensation value or offset value by a scaling value.

[0123] Through the above embodiment, a path loss value with higher accuracy than the path loss obtained using existing technology can be obtained.

[0124] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a compensation value between the base station-to-terminal channel (e.g., DL channel) and the terminal-to-base station channel (e.g., UL channel) may be determined based on a reference base station-to-terminal carrier (e.g., DL carrier) frequency value, a reference terminal-to-base station carrier (e.g., UL carrier) frequency value, a Faraday rotation (expected) value based on the base station-to-terminal carrier (e.g., DL carrier) frequency, a Faraday rotation (expected) value based on the terminal-to-base station carrier (e.g., UL carrier) frequency, and / or a difference between the Faraday rotation (expected) values.

[0125] For example, the compensation value between the base station-to-terminal channel (e.g., DL channel) and the terminal-to-base station channel (e.g., UL channel) may be calculated based on a ratio value of carrier frequencies between the base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) and the terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication), a common logarithm value for the ratio value, and / or a constant (e.g., 20) for the common logarithm value defined in advance or indicated / set by the base station.

[0126] For example, the above reward value is 20*log 10It may include the form of (f_UL / f_DL), where f_UL may be a reference terminal-to-base station carrier (e.g., UL carrier) frequency and f_DL may be a reference base station-to-terminal carrier (e.g., DL carrier) frequency. For example, the compensation value may be 3.57 (dB) or an (integer) offset may be added and / or subtracted from the above value.

[0127] For example, the compensation value between the base station-to-terminal channel (e.g., DL channel) and the terminal-to-base station channel (e.g., UL channel) may include a difference value of a reference Faraday rotation, and when deriving the difference in the reference Faraday values, it may be assumed that all derived values ​​are the same except for the reference carrier frequency.

[0128] For example, the compensation value between the base station-to-terminal channel (e.g., DL channel) and the terminal-to-base station channel (e.g., UL channel) may include a difference value of a reference (tropospheric and / or ionospheric) glare, and when deriving the difference in the reference glare value, it may be assumed that all derived values ​​are the same except for the reference carrier frequency.

[0129] In various embodiments of the present disclosure, the compensation value may be applied to a path loss estimation value, may be applied as an offset of terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) power control, and / or may be reflected in a candidate value of a nominal power value of terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) power control.

[0130] For example, the base station node may determine the compensation value (based on the difference between the base station-to-terminal carrier (e.g., DL carrier) frequency and the terminal-to-base station carrier (e.g., UL carrier) frequency and / or other differences according to the situation) and provide it to the terminal.

[0131] In various embodiments of the present disclosure, a compensation value between a base station-to-terminal channel (e.g., a DL channel) and a terminal-to-base station channel (e.g., an UL channel) may be applied to a path loss estimation value, and / or may be applied when determining a terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., an UL transmission) power value based on path loss.

[0132] For example, when a terminal estimates a path loss (for purposes such as terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) power control), a reference power value of a terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) reference signal and / or a reference signal reception power (e.g., RSRP) value measured by a base station node based on the terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) reference signal may be used.

[0133] For example, a base station node may measure a reference signal reception power (e.g., RSRP) based on a terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) reference signal (e.g., RS) and provide it to a terminal, and / or may provide allocation of terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) reference signal (e.g., RS) resources and / or transmission power values, etc. for the above.

[0134] For example, the above-mentioned reference signal reception power (e.g., RSRP) measurement value may be provided (together) when the base station node provides scheduling information for terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) to the terminal, and the above-mentioned reference signal reception power (e.g., RSRP) measurement value may be in a quantized form.

[0135] For example, the base station node can estimate a terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) path loss based on a reference signal reception power (e.g., RSRP) measurement value based on a terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) reference signal (e.g., RS) transmitted by a terminal and / or a reference transmission power of the terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) reference signal (e.g., RS), and the base station node can provide the terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) path loss estimation value or information equivalent thereto and / or control the terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) power of the terminal based on the estimation value.

[0136] Meanwhile, in a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) communication environment, the path loss value may change rapidly between the time when the terminal receives the base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) reference signal (e.g., RS) used to estimate the path loss and the time when the terminal actually performs terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission), and compensation for this may be required.

[0137] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, when estimating a path loss (for the purpose of terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) power control, etc.) based on a base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) reference signal (e.g., RS), a terminal may apply a compensation value to the path loss estimation value based on the terminal's (its) location, ephemeris information, the distance between the terminal and a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) base station node, and / or the distance between the terminal and a terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) synchronization reference position.

[0138] For example, the terminal may derive (or determine, or obtain) the compensation value based on the terminal's (its) location, ephemeris information, the distance (e.g., reference length) between the terminal and a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) base station node, and / or the distance (e.g., reference length) between the terminal and a terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) synchronization reference position.

[0139] For example, an offset value may be applied in such a way that a path loss estimation value derived based on a reference signal (e.g., RS) of a receiving base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) may increase as the reference length increases, and / or an offset value may be applied in such a way that a path loss estimation value derived based on a reference signal (e.g., RS) of a receiving base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) may decrease as the reference length decreases. For example, the reference length and the derived path loss estimation value may be proportional.

[0140] For example, a base station node (e.g., a terrestrial network (e.g., TN) network base station) and / or a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) node may provide a terminal with information about the distance between the non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) node and a terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) synchronization reference position, information about a change estimation formula, information about the distance between the non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) node and a terrestrial gateway (e.g., GW), and / or information about (related to) the change estimation formula.

[0141] For example, a scaling value or coefficient for the compensation value of the path loss estimation term according to distance change may be predefined, set by the base station node, and / or indicated by the base station node.

[0142] For example, if a) the distance between a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) node or base station node and the terminal, derived based on ephemeris information and / or the terminal location, compared to the time of measurement of a base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) reference signal (e.g., RS), has changed by a certain level or more, b) the elevation angle has changed by a certain level or more, and / or c) the elevation angle range has changed, the terminal may A) additionally request a base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) reference signal (e.g., RS), B) perform a measurement based on a base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) reference signal (e.g., RS), and / or C) discard or ignore a previous base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) reference signal (e.g., RS) based measurement value.

[0143] Here, for example, the base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) reference signal (e.g., RS) may be a reference signal (e.g., RS) for terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) power control, base station-to-terminal reception (e.g., DL reception), and / or terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) spatial setting, etc.

[0144] Here, for example, above a certain level may mean above a threshold value defined in advance or indicated and / or set by the base station node.

[0145] FIG. 10 illustrates a procedure in which a first device performs a compensation operation based on ephemeris information of a second device, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0146] Referring to FIG. 10, a first device and a second device are shown, wherein the first device may be a terminal, and the second device may be a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) base station. In the present embodiment, the first device is assumed to be a terminal, and the second device is assumed to be a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) base station, but the concept of the present embodiment can be extended and applied to other types of terminals / base stations. For example, the transmission / reception operations performed in the present embodiment may be operations performed on the Ka band described in the present disclosure.

[0147] In step S1010, the second device can transmit ephemeris information of the second device (itself) to the first device.

[0148] In step S1020, the second device may transmit a first reference signal to the first device. For example, transmission of the ephemeris information and the first reference signal may be performed on a base station-to-terminal transmission carrier (e.g., a DL transmission carrier).

[0149] In step S1030, the first device can derive a first path loss value associated with the second device based on the first reference signal. For example, the first device can derive a compensation value based on information related to the position of the first device (itself) and the received ephemeris information. And, for example, the first device can derive a second path loss value associated with the second device based on the first path loss value and the compensation value.

[0150] For example, the first path loss value may be a path loss value associated with a base station-to-terminal transmission carrier (e.g., a DL transmission carrier), and the second path loss value may be a path loss value associated with a terminal-to-base station transmission carrier (e.g., a UL transmission carrier).

[0151] In step S1040, the first device may transmit a second reference signal to the second device based on the second path loss value. For example, the second reference signal may be performed on a terminal-to-base station transmission carrier (e.g., an UL transmission carrier).

[0152] Through the above embodiment, communication based on a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) can be smoothly performed even in the Ka band where the channel conditions of the transmitting and receiving carriers may be different.

[0153] Meanwhile, in the NR system, the terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) spatial configuration may be determined based on the base station-to-terminal reception (e.g., DL reception) spatial configuration, in which case the terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) spatial configuration may correspond to the base station-to-terminal reception (e.g., DL reception) spatial configuration for a specific base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) reference signal (e.g., RS). In this case, an optimized pair of transmission and reception spatial configurations may be applied to a terminal performing both reception and transmission operations, thereby optimizing wireless communication.

[0154] Meanwhile, if the wireless communication environment experienced by the base station-to-terminal signal (e.g., DL signal) and the wireless communication environment experienced by the terminal-to-base station signal (e.g., UL signal) are significantly different, it may be difficult to derive the corresponding terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) spatial setting from the base station-to-terminal reception (e.g., DL reception) spatial setting, or the accuracy thereof may be significantly reduced, and a separate calibration process may be required to alleviate the above problem.

[0155] For example, a base station node may instruct / configure a first terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) spatial configuration to a terminal.

[0156] And / or, for example, the first terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) spatial configuration may correspond to the first base station-to-terminal reception (e.g., DL reception) spatial configuration or a specific base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) reference signal (e.g., RS).

[0157] And / or, for example, the base station node may measure the quality (e.g., reference signal reception power (e.g., RSRP)) of a terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) (e.g., terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) reference signal (e.g., RS)) using the first terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) spatial configuration, and / or provide quality information about the transmission based on the first terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) spatial configuration to the terminal.

[0158] And / or, for example, the base station node may request a determination of a first base station-to-terminal reception (e.g., DL reception) spatial configuration or a second terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) spatial configuration corresponding to the specific base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) reference signal (e.g., RS), including a change or update of the first base station-to-terminal reception (e.g., DL reception) spatial configuration or the first terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) spatial configuration corresponding to the specific base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) reference signal (e.g., RS).

[0159] For example, the first terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) spatial configuration change or update may be limited to be performed when the quality measured by the base station node based on terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) using the first terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) spatial configuration is below or equal to a certain level.

[0160] Alternatively, for example, the operation of requesting a decision on a first base station-to-terminal reception (e.g., DL reception) spatial configuration or a second terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) spatial configuration corresponding to the specific base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) reference signal (e.g., RS) may be limited to be performed when the quality measured by the base station node based on terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) using the first terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) spatial configuration is below or equal to a certain level.

[0161] For example, the base station node may provide or reconfirm the suitability of the first terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) spatial configuration to the terminal if the quality measured based on the terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) using at least the first terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) spatial configuration is equal to or exceeds a certain level.

[0162] For example, if the number of retransmission instructions from the base station node for transmission using the first terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) spatial configuration is equal to or greater than a threshold value set or indicated by the base station node, the terminal may change or update the first terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) spatial configuration.

[0163] Alternatively, for example, if the number of retransmission instructions from the base station node for transmission using the first terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) spatial configuration is equal to or greater than a threshold value set or indicated by the base station node, the terminal may determine the first base station-to-terminal reception (e.g., DL reception) spatial configuration or the second terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) spatial configuration corresponding to the specific base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) reference signal (e.g., RS).

[0164] For example, the number of retransmission instructions above can be counted for the same TB and can be initialized when the TB changes.

[0165] Alternatively, for example, the number of retransmission instructions above can be extended and counted for different TBs.

[0166] And / or, for example, the value of the number of retransmission instructions may be initialized when the terminal changes or updates the first terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) spatial configuration, or when the terminal determines the first base station-to-terminal reception (e.g., DL reception) spatial configuration or the second terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) spatial configuration corresponding to the specific base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) reference signal (e.g., RS).

[0167] Meanwhile, at the base station level, the second terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) spatial configuration updated by the terminal may be worse than the first terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) spatial configuration.

[0168] For example, a base station node may transmit information to a terminal instructing, configuring, or recommending the use of a first terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) spatial configuration.

[0169] And / or, for example, the base station node may request the terminal to determine a first base station-to-terminal reception (e.g., DL reception) spatial configuration or a third terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) spatial configuration corresponding to the specific base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) reference signal (e.g., RS).

[0170] Meanwhile, if the wireless communication environment experienced by the base station-to-terminal signal (e.g., DL signal) and the wireless communication environment experienced by the terminal-to-base station signal (e.g., UL signal) are significantly different, the degree of the Doppler effect may also be significantly different, and in the above situation, additional compensation may be required when applying the Doppler effect estimated based on the base station-to-terminal signal (e.g., DL signal) to the terminal-to-base station signal (e.g., UL signal). In addition, depending on the difference in the degree of the Doppler effect, the transmission method of the base station-to-terminal signal (e.g., DL signal) and the transmission method of the terminal-to-base station signal (e.g., UL signal) may be different.

[0171] For example, a base station node can estimate frequency error or offset based on terminal-to-base station transmissions (e.g., UL transmissions) received from terminals.

[0172] And / or, for example, the frequency offset (or error) information may be expressed in the form of an integer multiple of a specific subcarrier spacing (e.g., SCS), a sign (e.g., + or -), and / or a ratio value.

[0173] And / or, for example, the base station node may set and / or instruct the terminal about the frequency offset (or error).

[0174] And / or the terminal may correct the frequency offset during (later) terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) based on the frequency offset (or error) information received from the base station node.

[0175] For example, the specific subcarrier spacing (e.g., SCS) may be a subcarrier spacing (e.g., SCS) of a currently activated terminal-to-base station partial bandwidth (e.g., BWP; bandwidth part) (e.g., UL BWP), a subcarrier spacing (e.g., SCS) separately set and / or indicated by the base station node, and / or a subcarrier spacing (e.g., SCS) of a terminal-to-base station channel (e.g., UL channel) used by the base station node when estimating a frequency offset.

[0176] For example, a frequency offset compensated based on information received from the base station node may be taken into consideration when correcting based on ephemeris information received by the terminal.

[0177] Various embodiments and / or combinations thereof of the present disclosure may operate in conjunction with each other.

[0178] Various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied differently depending on the link type (e.g., DL communication, UE-to-UE communication, UE-to-UE communication, SL communication), data type (e.g., system information block (e.g., SIB), groupcast, unicast), search space type (e.g., common search space (e.g., CSS), UE-specific search space (e.g., USS)) in which the scheduled physical base station-to-UE control channel (e.g., PDCCH) is detected, base station node type, altitude, and / or power constraint. For example, various embodiments of the present disclosure and combinations thereof may be applied only when related to system information block (e.g., SIB) transmission.

[0179] The proposed method can be applied to the device described below. First, the processor (202) of the receiving terminal can set at least one partial bandwidth (e.g., BWP). Then, the processor (202) of the receiving terminal can control the transceiver (206) of the receiving terminal to receive a physical channel related to terminal-to-terminal communication (e.g., SL communication) and / or a reference signal related to terminal-to-terminal communication (e.g., SL communication) from the transmitting terminal on at least one partial bandwidth (e.g., BWP).

[0180] A non-terrestrial network (NTN) can refer to a base station or network that supports wireless communications, but is not located on the ground but rather in the air or orbit. For example, NTNs can include drones, satellites, and other devices. Depending on the payload type, these networks can also include transparent payload networks and regenerative payload networks.

[0181] In the Ka band (K-band above) for performing non-terrestrial network-based communications, the frequencies used for base station-to-terminal communications and terminal-to-base station communications may be different. In this case, if the path loss value for performing communications is estimated based on the base station-to-terminal communication signal and used as is for terminal-to-base station transmission, the path loss value may change rapidly between the time of receiving the base station-to-terminal reference signal and the time of transmitting the terminal-to-base station reference signal. If there is no compensation for this, a problem may arise where the network cannot normally receive the terminal-to-base station reference signal.

[0182] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a terminal performing communication in the Ka band can derive a compensation value based on its own location and ephemeris information of a non-terrestrial network, derive a path loss value related to base station-to-terminal communication and a path loss value for use in terminal-to-base station communication based on the compensation value, and perform terminal-to-base station communication using the same.

[0183] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the effect of enabling smooth wireless communication can be achieved by enabling communication to be performed based on an accurate path loss value in the Ka band where the carriers of terminal-to-base station communication and base station-to-terminal communication are different.

[0184] FIG. 11 illustrates a procedure of a method that may be performed by a first device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0185] Referring to FIG. 11, in step S1110, the first device may obtain non-terrestrial network configuration information. For example, the non-terrestrial network configuration information may include at least one of ephemeris information related to the second device, information related to a distance between the second device and a terminal-to-base station synchronization reference position, or information related to a distance between the second device and a terrestrial gateway. In step S1120, the first device may receive a first reference signal from the second device. In step S1130, the first device may derive a first path loss value related to the second device based on the first reference signal. In step S1140, the first device may derive a compensation value based on the location of the first device and the non-terrestrial network configuration information.

[0186] For example, additionally, the first device may derive a second path loss value based on the first path loss value and the compensation value; and transmit a first signal to the second device based on the second path loss value.

[0187] For example, the first carrier on which the first reference signal is received and the second carrier on which the first signal is transmitted may be different.

[0188] For example, the band including the first carrier and the second carrier may be a Ka band (K-band above).

[0189] For example, the compensation value may be derived based on the frequency of the first carrier, the frequency of the second carrier, the location of the first device, and the non-terrestrial network configuration information.

[0190] For example, the compensation value is: based on the fact that the change value of the second reference length at the second time point when the first signal is transmitted from the first reference length at the first time point when the first reference signal is received is positive, the second path loss value is derived as the second value; based on the fact that the change value of the second reference length from the first reference length is negative, the second path loss value is derived as the third value; And the second value is derived to be greater than the third value, and the first reference length includes at least one of a distance between the first device and the second device, a distance between the second device and a terminal-to-base station synchronization reference position, or a distance between the second device and a ground gateway at the first time point, and the second reference length may include at least one of a distance between the first device and the second device, a distance between the second device and a terminal-to-base station synchronization reference position, or a distance between the second device and a ground gateway at the second time point.

[0191] For example, the compensation value may be used as an offset for power control associated with transmission of the first signal.

[0192] For example, reception of the first reference signal may be performed based on a reception spatial setting, transmission of the first signal may be performed based on a transmission spatial setting, and the transmission spatial setting may be determined based on the reception spatial setting.

[0193] For example, additionally, the first device may receive, from the second device, information related to suitability for the receiving spatial setting in response to the first signal.

[0194] For example, additionally, the first device may discard the first path loss value at the second time point based on a difference between a first elevation angle from the first device toward the second device at the first time point when the first reference signal is received and a second elevation angle from the first device toward the second device at the second time point being greater than or equal to a threshold value.

[0195] For example, additionally, the first device may request transmission of an additional reference signal to the second device at the second time point based on a difference between a first elevation angle from the first device toward the second device at the first time point when the first reference signal is received and a second elevation angle from the first device toward the second device at the second time point being greater than or equal to a threshold value.

[0196] For example, the compensation value may be derived based on the distance between the first device and the second device, the location of the first device, and the non-terrestrial network setup information.

[0197] The above-described embodiment can be combined with various embodiments described below. First, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can obtain non-terrestrial network configuration information. For example, the non-terrestrial network configuration information can include at least one of ephemeris information related to the second device (200), information related to the distance between the second device (200) and a terminal-to-base station synchronization reference position, or information related to the distance between the second device (200) and a terrestrial gateway. In addition, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can control the transceiver (106) to receive a first reference signal from the second device (200). And, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can derive a first path loss value related to the second device (200) based on the first reference signal. And, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can derive a compensation value based on the location of the first device (100) and the non-terrestrial network setting information.

[0198] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: obtain non-terrestrial network configuration information, wherein the non-terrestrial network configuration information includes at least one of ephemeris information associated with a second device, information associated with a distance between the second device and a terminal-to-base station synchronization reference location, or information associated with a distance between the second device and a terrestrial gateway; receive a first reference signal from the second device; derive a first path loss value associated with the second device based on the first reference signal; and derive a compensation value based on a location of the first device and the non-terrestrial network configuration information.

[0199] For example, additionally, the commands may cause the first device to: derive a second path loss value based on the first path loss value and the compensation value; and transmit a first signal to the second device based on the second path loss value.

[0200] For example, the first carrier on which the first reference signal is received and the second carrier on which the first signal is transmitted may be different.

[0201] For example, the band including the first carrier and the second carrier may be a Ka band (K-band above).

[0202] For example, the compensation value may be derived based on the frequency of the first carrier, the frequency of the second carrier, the location of the first device, and the non-terrestrial network configuration information.

[0203] For example, the compensation value is: based on the fact that the change value of the second reference length at the second time point when the first signal is transmitted from the first reference length at the first time point when the first reference signal is received is positive, the second path loss value is derived as the second value; based on the fact that the change value of the second reference length from the first reference length is negative, the second path loss value is derived as the third value; And the second value is derived to be greater than the third value, and the first reference length includes at least one of a distance between the first device and the second device, a distance between the second device and a terminal-to-base station synchronization reference position, or a distance between the second device and a ground gateway at the first time point, and the second reference length may include at least one of a distance between the first device and the second device, a distance between the second device and a terminal-to-base station synchronization reference position, or a distance between the second device and a ground gateway at the second time point.

[0204] For example, the compensation value may be used as an offset for power control associated with transmission of the first signal.

[0205] For example, reception of the first reference signal may be performed based on a reception spatial setting, transmission of the first signal may be performed based on a transmission spatial setting, and the transmission spatial setting may be determined based on the reception spatial setting.

[0206] For example, additionally, the commands may cause the first device to: receive, from the second device, information relating to suitability for the receiving spatial configuration, in response to the first signal.

[0207] For example, additionally, the commands may cause the first device to: discard the first path loss value at the second time point based on a difference between a first elevation angle from the first device toward the second device at the first time point when the first reference signal is received and a second elevation angle from the first device toward the second device at the second time point being greater than or equal to a threshold value.

[0208] For example, additionally, the commands may cause the first device to: request transmission of an additional reference signal to the second device at the second time based on a difference between a first elevation angle from the first device toward the second device at the first time point when the first reference signal is received and a second elevation angle from the first device toward the second device at the second time point being greater than or equal to a threshold value.

[0209] For example, the compensation value may be derived based on the distance between the first device and the second device, the location of the first device, and the non-terrestrial network setup information.

[0210] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a first device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: obtain non-terrestrial network configuration information, wherein the non-terrestrial network configuration information includes at least one of ephemeris information associated with a second device, information associated with a distance between the second device and a terminal-to-base station synchronization reference location, or information associated with a distance between the second device and a terrestrial gateway; receive a first reference signal from the second device; derive a first path loss value associated with the second device based on the first reference signal; and derive a compensation value based on a location of the first device and the non-terrestrial network configuration information.

[0211] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a first device to: obtain non-terrestrial network configuration information, wherein the non-terrestrial network configuration information includes at least one of ephemeris information associated with a second device, information associated with a distance between the second device and a terminal-to-base station synchronization reference location, or information associated with a distance between the second device and a terrestrial gateway; receive a first reference signal from the second device; derive a first path loss value associated with the second device based on the first reference signal; and derive a compensation value based on a location of the first device and the non-terrestrial network configuration information.

[0212] FIG. 12 illustrates a procedure of a method that may be performed by a second device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0213] Referring to FIG. 12, in step S1210, the second device may transmit non-terrestrial network configuration information to the first device. For example, the non-terrestrial network configuration information may include at least one of ephemeris information related to the second device, information related to a distance between the second device and a terminal-to-base station synchronization reference position, or information related to a distance between the second device and a terrestrial gateway. In step S1220, the second device may transmit a first reference signal to the first device. In step S1230, the second device may receive a first signal from the first device. For example, the first signal may be transmitted by the first device based on a second path loss value, the second path loss value may be derived by the first device based on the first path loss value and a compensation value derived based on the first reference signal, and the compensation value may be derived by the first device based on the location of the first device and the non-terrestrial network configuration information.

[0214] For example, the first carrier on which the first reference signal is received and the second carrier on which the first signal is transmitted may be different.

[0215] For example, the band including the first carrier and the second carrier may be a Ka band (K-band above).

[0216] For example, the compensation value may be derived based on the frequency of the first carrier, the frequency of the second carrier, the location of the first device, and the non-terrestrial network configuration information.

[0217] For example, the compensation value is: based on the fact that the change value of the second reference length at the second time point when the first signal is transmitted from the first reference length at the first time point when the first reference signal is received is positive, the second path loss value is derived as the second value; based on the fact that the change value of the second reference length from the first reference length is negative, the second path loss value is derived as the third value; And the second value is derived to be greater than the third value, and the first reference length includes at least one of a distance between the first device and the second device, a distance between the second device and a terminal-to-base station synchronization reference position, or a distance between the second device and a ground gateway at the first time point, and the second reference length may include at least one of a distance between the first device and the second device, a distance between the second device and a terminal-to-base station synchronization reference position, or a distance between the second device and a ground gateway at the second time point.

[0218] For example, the compensation value may be used as an offset for power control associated with transmission of the first signal.

[0219] For example, the first reference signal may be received by the first device based on a reception spatial setting, the first signal may be transmitted by the first device based on a transmission spatial setting, and the transmission spatial setting may be determined based on the reception spatial setting.

[0220] For example, additionally, the second device may transmit to the first device, in response to the first signal, information relating to suitability for the receiving spatial setting.

[0221] For example, based on a difference between a first elevation angle from the first device toward the second device at a first time point when the first reference signal is received by the first device and a second elevation angle from the first device toward the second device at a second time point being greater than or equal to a threshold value, the first path loss value at the second time point may be discarded by the first device.

[0222] For example, additionally, the second device may receive a request for transmission of an additional reference signal from the first device. For example, the request may be transmitted by the first device at the second time based on a difference between a first elevation angle from the first device toward the second device at the first time point when the first reference signal is received by the first device and a second elevation angle from the first device toward the second device at the second time point being greater than or equal to a threshold value.

[0223] For example, the compensation value may be derived based on the distance between the first device and the second device, the location of the first device, and the non-terrestrial network setup information.

[0224] The above-described embodiment can be applied to various devices described below. First, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to transmit non-terrestrial network configuration information to the first device (100). For example, the non-terrestrial network configuration information can include at least one of ephemeris information related to the second device (200), information related to the distance between the second device (200) and a terminal-to-base station synchronization reference position, or information related to the distance between the second device (200) and a terrestrial gateway. In addition, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to transmit a first reference signal to the first device (100). And, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to receive a first signal from the first device (100). For example, the first signal may be transmitted by the first device (100) based on a second path loss value, the second path loss value may be derived by the first device (100) based on a first path loss value and a compensation value derived based on the first reference signal, and the compensation value may be derived by the first device (100) based on the location of the first device (100) and the non-terrestrial network setting information.

[0225] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. For example, the second device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to: transmit, to a first device, non-terrestrial network configuration information, wherein the non-terrestrial network configuration information includes at least one of ephemeris information related to the second device, information related to a distance between the second device and a terminal-to-base station synchronization reference position, or information related to a distance between the second device and a terrestrial gateway; and cause the first device to transmit a first reference signal. And receive a first signal from the first device, wherein the first signal is transmitted by the first device based on a second path loss value, the second path loss value is derived by the first device based on the first path loss value and a compensation value derived based on the first reference signal, and the compensation value can be derived by the first device based on the location of the first device and the non-terrestrial network setting information.

[0226] For example, the first carrier on which the first reference signal is received and the second carrier on which the first signal is transmitted may be different.

[0227] For example, the band including the first carrier and the second carrier may be a Ka band (K-band above).

[0228] For example, the compensation value may be derived based on the frequency of the first carrier, the frequency of the second carrier, the location of the first device, and the non-terrestrial network configuration information.

[0229] For example, the compensation value is: based on the fact that the change value of the second reference length at the second time point when the first signal is transmitted from the first reference length at the first time point when the first reference signal is received is positive, the second path loss value is derived as the second value; based on the fact that the change value of the second reference length from the first reference length is negative, the second path loss value is derived as the third value; And the second value is derived to be greater than the third value, and the first reference length includes at least one of a distance between the first device and the second device, a distance between the second device and a terminal-to-base station synchronization reference position, or a distance between the second device and a ground gateway at the first time point, and the second reference length may include at least one of a distance between the first device and the second device, a distance between the second device and a terminal-to-base station synchronization reference position, or a distance between the second device and a ground gateway at the second time point.

[0230] For example, the compensation value may be used as an offset for power control associated with transmission of the first signal.

[0231] For example, the first reference signal may be received by the first device based on a reception spatial setting, the first signal may be transmitted by the first device based on a transmission spatial setting, and the transmission spatial setting may be determined based on the reception spatial setting.

[0232] For example, additionally, the commands may cause the second device to: transmit, to the first device, information relating to suitability for the receiving spatial configuration, in response to the first signal.

[0233] For example, based on a difference between a first elevation angle from the first device toward the second device at a first time point when the first reference signal is received by the first device and a second elevation angle from the first device toward the second device at a second time point being greater than or equal to a threshold value, the first path loss value at the second time point may be discarded by the first device.

[0234] For example, additionally, the instructions may cause the second device to: receive a request for transmission of an additional reference signal from the first device. For example, the request may be transmitted by the first device at the second time based on a difference between a first elevation angle from the first device toward the second device at the first time point when the first reference signal is received by the first device and a second elevation angle from the first device toward the second device at the second time point being greater than or equal to a threshold value.

[0235] For example, the compensation value may be derived based on the distance between the first device and the second device, the location of the first device, and the non-terrestrial network setup information.

[0236] The various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with each other, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or processes of the various embodiments may be omitted.

[0237] Below, a description is given of devices to which various embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied.

[0238] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connectivity (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0239] Hereinafter, more specific examples will be provided with reference to the drawings. In the drawings / descriptions below, the same drawing reference numerals may represent identical or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks, unless otherwise described.

[0240] Fig. 13 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of Fig. 13 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0241] Referring to FIG. 13, a communication system (1) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Things) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone) and / or an Aerial Vehicle (AV) (e.g., an Advanced Air Mobility (AAM)). The XR device may include an Augmented Reality (AR) / Virtual Reality (VR) / Mixed Reality (MR) device, and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.), etc. The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. For example, a base station and a network may also be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0242] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present disclosure may include not only LTE, NR, and 6G, but also Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. At this time, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology, and may be implemented with standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present disclosure may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. At this time, for example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology, and may be called by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology can be implemented by at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present disclosure can include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) considering low-power communication, and is not limited to the above-described names. For example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PAN) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called by various names.

[0243] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) via a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology can be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) via the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, etc. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) can communicate with each other via the base station (200) / network (300), but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to Everything) communication). In addition, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0244] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base stations (200), and base stations (200) / base stations (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or, D2D communication), and communication between base stations (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least some of various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and resource allocation processes can be performed based on various proposals of the present disclosure.

[0245] FIG. 14 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0246] Referring to FIG. 14, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals via various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} can correspond to {the wireless device (100x), the base station (200)} and / or {the wireless device (100x), the wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 13.

[0247] For example, the description of the first wireless device (or device) and the second wireless device (or device) below may be extended to the third wireless device (300) (or device) or a wireless device (or device) corresponding to a subsequent reference number. For example, the reference number of the processor of the third wireless device (300) may be 302, and the reference number of the transceiver may be 306.

[0248] A first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may further include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memories (104) and / or the transceivers (106), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information in the memory (104) to generate first information / signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information / signal via the transceiver (106). Furthermore, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal including second information / signal via the transceiver (106), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (106) may be used interchangeably with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0249] A second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202), one or more memories (204), and may further include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memories (204) and / or the transceivers (206), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate third information / signals, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information / signals via the transceivers (206). In addition, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including fourth information / signals via the transceivers (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information / signals in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0250] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed herein, and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein.

[0251] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software configured to perform one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and executed by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0252] One or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be configured as ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and / or externally to the one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, the one or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to the one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0253] One or more transceivers (106, 206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or flowcharts of this document, to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts of this document, from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) can be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be coupled to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, or the like, as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein, via one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed by one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or filter.

[0254] FIG. 15 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 15 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0255] Referring to FIG. 15, the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050), and a signal generator (1060). Although not limited thereto, the operations / functions of FIG. 15 may be performed in the processor (102, 202) and / or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 14. The hardware elements of FIG. 15 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) and / or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 14. For example, blocks 1010 to 1060 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 14. Additionally, blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 14, and block 1060 may be implemented in the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 14.

[0256] The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 15. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block can include a transport block (e.g., an UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block). The wireless signal can be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., a PUSCH or a PDSCH).

[0257] Specifically, the codeword can be converted into a bit sequence scrambled by a scrambler (1010). The scramble sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, and the initialization value may include ID information of the wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (1020). The modulation method may include pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (1030). The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (1040) (precoding). The output z of the precoder (1040) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (1030) by a precoding matrix W of N*M. Here, N is the number of antenna ports, and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on complex modulation symbols. In addition, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0258] The resource mapper (1050) can map modulation symbols of each antenna port to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency resources can include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generator (1060) generates a wireless signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated wireless signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (1060) can include an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0259] The signal processing process for receiving signals in a wireless device can be configured in reverse order of the signal processing process (1010 to 1060) of FIG. 15. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100, 200 of FIG. 14) can receive wireless signals from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received wireless signals can be converted into baseband signals through a signal restorer. For this purpose, the signal restorer can include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) module. Thereafter, the baseband signal can be restored to a codeword through a resource demapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a descrambling process. The codewords can be restored to the original information blocks through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.

[0260] Figure 16 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use case / service (see Figure 13). The embodiment of Figure 16 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0261] Referring to FIG. 16, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 14 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / units, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and an additional element (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and a transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 14. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 14. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and the additional elements (140) and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). In addition, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface in the memory unit (130).

[0262] The additional element (140) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of the wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 13, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 13, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 13, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 13, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 13, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 13, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate / environmental device, an AI server / device (Fig. 13, 400), a base station (Fig. 13, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices may be mobile or stationary depending on the use / service.

[0263] In FIG. 16, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be interconnected entirely via a wired interface, or at least some may be wirelessly connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be wired, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit (110). In addition, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more processor sets. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of a random access memory (RAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a read only memory (ROM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0264] Below, the implementation example of Fig. 16 is described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0265] FIG. 17 illustrates a mobile device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The mobile device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smartglasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The mobile device may be referred to as a Mobile Station (MS), a User Terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or a Wireless Terminal (WT). The embodiment of FIG. 17 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0266] Referring to FIG. 17, the portable device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140a), an interface unit (140b), and an input / output unit (140c). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c correspond to blocks 110 to 130 / 140 of FIG. 16, respectively.

[0267] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (120) can control components of the mobile device (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) can include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit (130) can store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands required for operating the mobile device (100). In addition, the memory unit (130) can store input / output data / information, etc. The power supply unit (140a) supplies power to the mobile device (100) and can include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The interface unit (140b) can support connection between the mobile device (100) and other external devices. The interface unit (140b) can include various ports (e.g., audio input / output ports, video input / output ports) for connection with external devices. The input / output unit (140c) can input or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input from a user. The input / output unit (140c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140d), a speaker, and / or a haptic module.

[0268] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit (140c) obtains information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input by the user, and the obtained information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130). The communication unit (110) converts the information / signals stored in the memory into wireless signals, and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to other wireless devices or to a base station. In addition, the communication unit (110) can receive wireless signals from other wireless devices or base stations, and then restore the received wireless signals to the original information / signals. The restored information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130) and then output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input / output unit (140c).

[0269] The claims set forth in this disclosure may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of this disclosure may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of this disclosure may be combined and implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims of this disclosure and the technical features of the device claims of this disclosure may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims of this disclosure and the technical features of the device claims of this disclosure may be combined and implemented as a method.

Claims

1. In the method, Obtain non-terrestrial network configuration information, A step in which the above non-terrestrial network configuration information includes at least one of ephemeris information related to the second device, information related to a distance between the second device and a terminal-to-base station synchronization reference position, or information related to a distance between the second device and a terrestrial gateway; A step of receiving a first reference signal from the second device; A step of deriving a first path loss value associated with the second device based on the first reference signal; and A method comprising the step of deriving a compensation value based on the location of the first device and the non-terrestrial network setting information.

2. In paragraph 1, A step of deriving a second path loss value based on the first path loss value and the compensation value; and A method further comprising the step of transmitting a first signal to the second device based on the second path loss value.

3. In paragraph 2, A method in which the first carrier on which the first reference signal is received and the second carrier on which the first signal is transmitted are different.

4. In paragraph 3, A method wherein the band including the first carrier and the second carrier is a Ka band (K-band above).

5. In paragraph 3, A method wherein the compensation value is derived based on the frequency of the first carrier, the frequency of the second carrier, the location of the first device, and the non-terrestrial network setting information.

6. In paragraph 2, The above compensation value is: Based on the fact that the change value of the second reference length at the second time point when the first signal is transmitted from the first reference length at the first time point when the first reference signal is received is positive, the second path loss value is derived as the second value; Based on the change value of the second reference length from the first reference length being negative, the second path loss value is derived as a third value; and The second value is derived to be greater than the third value, The first reference length includes at least one of a distance between the first device and the second device at the first time point, a distance between the second device and a terminal-to-base station synchronization reference position, or a distance between the second device and a ground gateway, and A method according to claim 1, wherein the second reference length comprises at least one of a distance between the first device and the second device at the second time point, a distance between the second device and a terminal-to-base station synchronization reference position, or a distance between the second device and a ground gateway.

7. In paragraph 2, A method wherein the above compensation value is used as an offset for power control related to transmission of the first signal.

8. In paragraph 2, The reception of the above first reference signal is performed based on the reception spatial setting, The transmission of the above first signal is performed based on the transmission spatial setting, and A method in which the above transmission spatial settings are determined based on the above reception spatial settings.

9. In paragraph 8, A method further comprising the step of receiving, from the second device, information related to suitability for the receiving spatial setting in response to the first signal.

10. In paragraph 1, A method further comprising the step of discarding the first path loss value at the second time point based on a difference between a first elevation angle from the first device toward the second device at the first time point when the first reference signal is received and a second elevation angle from the first device toward the second device at the second time point being greater than or equal to a threshold value.

11. In paragraph 1, A method further comprising the step of requesting transmission of an additional reference signal to the second device at the second time point based on a difference between a first elevation angle from the first device toward the second device at the first time point when the first reference signal is received and a second elevation angle from the first device toward the second device at the second time point being greater than or equal to a threshold value.

12. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the compensation value is derived based on the distance between the first device and the second device, the location of the first device, and the non-terrestrial network setting information.

13. In paragraph 1, A method, wherein the above method is performed by a first device.

14. In the first device, At least one transmitter / receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, The above instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: Obtain non-terrestrial network configuration information, The above non-terrestrial network configuration information includes at least one of ephemeris information related to the second device, information related to a distance between the second device and a terminal-to-base station synchronization reference position, or information related to a distance between the second device and a terrestrial gateway; To receive a first reference signal from the second device; Deriving a first path loss value associated with the second device based on the first reference signal; and A first device that derives a compensation value based on the location of the first device and the non-terrestrial network setting information.

15. In a processing device set to control the first device, at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, The above instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: Obtain non-terrestrial network configuration information, The above non-terrestrial network configuration information includes at least one of ephemeris information related to the second device, information related to a distance between the second device and a terminal-to-base station synchronization reference position, or information related to a distance between the second device and a terrestrial gateway; To receive a first reference signal from the second device; Deriving a first path loss value associated with the second device based on the first reference signal; and A processing device that derives a compensation value based on the location of the first device and the non-terrestrial network setting information.

16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that records commands, The above commands, when executed, cause the first device to: Obtain non-terrestrial network configuration information, The above non-terrestrial network configuration information includes at least one of ephemeris information related to the second device, information related to a distance between the second device and a terminal-to-base station synchronization reference position, or information related to a distance between the second device and a terrestrial gateway; To receive a first reference signal from the second device; Deriving a first path loss value associated with the second device based on the first reference signal; and A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that derives a compensation value based on the location of the first device and the non-terrestrial network setup information.

17. In the method, To the first device, transmit non-terrestrial network configuration information, A step in which the above non-terrestrial network configuration information includes at least one of ephemeris information related to the second device, information related to a distance between the second device and a terminal-to-base station synchronization reference position, or information related to a distance between the second device and a terrestrial gateway; a step of transmitting a first reference signal to the first device; and A step of receiving a first signal from the first device, The first signal is transmitted by the first device based on the second path loss value, The second path loss value is derived by the first device based on the first path loss value and the compensation value derived based on the first reference signal, and A method wherein the compensation value is derived by the first device based on the location of the first device and the non-terrestrial network setup information.

18. In paragraph 17, A method wherein the first carrier on which the first reference signal is transmitted and the second carrier on which the first signal is received are different.

19. In the second device, At least one transmitter / receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, The above instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to: To transmit non-terrestrial network configuration information to the first device, The non-terrestrial network configuration information includes at least one of ephemeris information related to the second device, information related to a distance between the second device and a terminal-to-base station synchronization reference position, or information related to a distance between the second device and a terrestrial gateway; Transmitting a first reference signal to the first device; and To receive a first signal from the first device, The first signal is transmitted by the first device based on the second path loss value, The second path loss value is derived by the first device based on the first path loss value and the compensation value derived based on the first reference signal, and A second device, wherein the compensation value is derived by the first device based on the location of the first device and the non-terrestrial network setup information.

20. In paragraph 19, A second device, wherein the first carrier on which the first reference signal is transmitted and the second carrier on which the first signal is received are different.

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