Devices and methods of communication
By incorporating CSI-RS measurements and integrity protection in inter-CU LTM, the limitations of L1 measurements are overcome, enabling secure and efficient handovers with improved throughput.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/101146
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-02
AI Technical Summary
Current Layer 1 (L1) measurements for Layer 1 or Layer 2 (L2) triggered mobility (LTM) are limited to synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB) measurements, restricting the use of LTM to intra-CU handovers and lacking support for early uplink synchronization using channel status information reference signals (CSI-RS).
Implementing CSI-RS for L1 measurements and introducing integrity protection verification and security key updates in the MAC control element (CE) for inter-CU LTM, allowing network devices to manage LTM configurations and random access procedures for enhanced throughput and synchronization.
Enables greater throughput on target cells post-handover by supporting inter-CU LTM with CSI-RS and ensuring secure, efficient cell switch operations through integrity protection and key updates.
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Figure CN2024101146_02012026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICES AND METHODS OF COMMUNICATIONTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of telecommunication, and in particular, to devices and methods of communication for layer 1 (L1) or layer 2 (L2) triggered mobility (LTM) .BACKGROUND
[0002] Currently, it is proposed to support an inter-central unit (CU) LTM. By enabling a LTM operation between cells of different network devices (i.e. inter-CU) , a network (NW) may be able to gain benefits of LTM for a far greater number of handovers. In addition, current Layer 1 (L1) measurements for LTM are limited to synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB) measurements. Expanding L1 measurements to include a channel status information reference signal (CSI-RS) may be expected to enable greater throughput on a target cell immediately after a cell switch.SUMMARY
[0003] In general, embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods, devices and computer storage media of communication for LTM.
[0004] In a first aspect, there is provided a terminal device. The terminal device comprises a processor configured to cause the terminal device to: receive, from a network device, a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) indicating a cell switch from a source cell to a target candidate cell, the MAC CE comprising first information of security key update and second information of integrity protection; perform an integrity protection verification based on the second information; and in accordance with a determination that the integrity protection verification is successful, perform a security key update based on the first information.
[0005] In a second aspect, there is provided a distributed unit (DU) of a network device. The DU comprises a processor configured to cause the DU to: receive, from a CU of the network device, a first message comprising first information of security key update and a set of second information of integrity protection corresponding to a set of candidate cells allowing LTM; and transmit, to a terminal device, a MAC CE indicating a cell switch to a target candidate cell, the MAC CE comprising the first information and second information for the target candidate cell in the set of second information.
[0006] In a third aspect, there is provided a master node (MN) . The MN comprises a processor configured to cause the MN to: transmit, to a secondary node (SN) , an indication indicating that the SN is allowed or not allowed to configure an inter-SN LTM for a terminal device; or receive, from the SN, a request for allowing the SN to configure the inter-SN LTM for the terminal device.
[0007] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a terminal device. The terminal device comprises a processor configured to cause the terminal device to: receive, from a network device, a list of reference configurations and a list of LTM candidate configurations, a reference configuration in the list of reference configurations being associated with a first index, a LTM candidate configuration in the list of LTM candidate configurations being associated with a second index; in accordance with a determination that a cell switch to a target candidate cell associated with a first LTM candidate configuration is to be performed, determine a first reference configuration from the list of reference configurations based on the second index associated with the first LTM candidate configuration; consider the first reference configuration as the current configuration; and apply the first LTM candidate configuration for the cell switch.
[0008] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a network device. The network device comprises a processor configured to cause the network device to: transmit, to a terminal device, a list of reference configurations and a list of LTM candidate configurations, a reference configuration in the list of reference configurations being associated with a first index, a LTM candidate configuration in the list of LTM candidate configurations being associated with a second index.
[0009] In a sixth aspect, there is provided a terminal device. The terminal device comprises a processor configured to cause the terminal device to: receive, from a network device, a set of parameters for random access comprising a CSI-RS index in a MAC CE indicating a cell switch to a candidate cell or in downlink control information (DCI) triggering a random access procedure on the candidate cell; and select, based on the CSI-RS index, a CSI-RS during a random access resource selection in the random access procedure performed on the candidate cell.
[0010] In a seventh aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: receiving, at a terminal device and from a network device, a MAC CE indicating a cell switch from a source cell to a target candidate cell, the MAC CE comprising first information of security key update and second information of integrity protection; performing an integrity protection verification based on the second information; and in accordance with a determination that the integrity protection verification is successful, performing a security key update based on the first information.
[0011] In an eighth aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: receiving, at a DU of a network device and from a CU of the network device, a first message comprising first information of security key update and a set of second information of integrity protection corresponding to a set of candidate cells allowing LTM; and transmitting, to a terminal device, a MAC CE indicating a cell switch to a target candidate cell, the MAC CE comprising the first information and second information for the target candidate cell in the set of second information.
[0012] In a ninth aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: transmitting, at a MN and to a SN, an indication indicating that the SN is allowed or not allowed to configure an inter-SN LTM for a terminal device; or receiving, from the SN, a request for allowing the SN to configure the inter-SN LTM for the terminal device.
[0013] In a tenth aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: receiving, at a terminal device and from a network device, a list of reference configurations and a list of LTM candidate configurations, a reference configuration in the list of reference configurations being associated with a first index, a LTM candidate configuration in the list of LTM candidate configurations being associated with a second index; in accordance with a determination that a cell switch to a target candidate cell associated with a first LTM candidate configuration is to be performed, determining a first reference configuration from the list of reference configurations based on the second index associated with the first LTM candidate configuration; considering the first reference configuration as the current configuration; and applying the first LTM candidate configuration for the cell switch.
[0014] In an eleventh aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: transmitting, at a network device and to a terminal device, a list of reference configurations and a list of LTM candidate configurations, a reference configuration in the list of reference configurations being associated with a first index, a LTM candidate configuration in the list of LTM candidate configurations being associated with a second index.
[0015] In a twelfth aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: receiving, at a terminal device and from a network device, a set of parameters for random access comprising a CSI-RS index in a MAC CE indicating a cell switch to a candidate cell or in DCI triggering a random access procedure on the candidate cell; and selecting, based on the CSI-RS index, a CSI-RS during a random access resource selection in the random access procedure performed on the candidate cell.
[0016] In a thirteenth aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon. The instructions, when executed on at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the method according to any of the seventh to twelfth aspects of the present disclosure.
[0017] Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] Through the more detailed description of some embodiments of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent, wherein:
[0019] FIG. 1A illustrates an example communication network in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0020] FIG. 1B illustrates a schematic diagram illustrating network protocol layer entities that may be established for a user plane (UP) protocol stack at devices according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0021] FIG. 1C illustrates a schematic diagram illustrating network protocol layer entities that may be established for a control plane (CP) protocol stack at devices according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0022] FIG. 1D illustrates a schematic diagram illustrating an example LTM procedure in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0023] FIG. 2 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example process of communication for security of inter-CU LTM according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0024] FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example process of communication for a configuration of inter-CU LTM according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0025] FIG. 4 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example process of communication for reference configurations for inter-CU LTM according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0026] FIG. 5 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example process of communication for early uplink (UL) synchronization according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0027] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of an example method of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0028] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of an example method of communication implemented at a DU in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0029] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of an example method of communication implemented at a MN in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0030] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of an example method of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0031] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of an example method of communication implemented at a network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0032] FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of an example method of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0033] FIG. 12 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a device that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0034] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0035] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitations as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0036] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0037] As used herein, the term ‘terminal device’ refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of the terminal device include, but not limited to, user equipment (UE) , personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, Internet of things (IoT) devices, ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, device on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure / network, devices for integrated access and backhaul (IAB) , small data transmission (SDT) , mobility, multicast and broadcast services (MBS) , positioning, dynamic / flexible duplex in commercial networks, reduced capability (RedCap) , space borne vehicles or air borne vehicles in non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including Satellites and high altitude platforms (HAPs) encompassing unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) , extended reality (XR) devices including different types of realities such as augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) and virtual reality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) commonly known as a drone which is an aircraft without any human pilot, devices on high speed train (HST) , or image capture devices such as digital cameras, sensors, gaming devices, music storage and playback appliances, or Internet appliances enabling wireless or wired Internet access and browsing and the like. The ‘terminal device’ can further has ‘multicast / broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4 / IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also incorporate one or multiple subscriber identity module (SIM) as known as multi-SIM. The term ‘terminal device’ can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.
[0038] The term ‘network device’ refers to a device which is capable of providing or hosting a cell or coverage where terminal devices can communicate. Examples of a network device include, but not limited to, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an IAB node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , network-controlled repeaters, and the like.
[0039] The terminal device or the network device may have artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning capability. It generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some information.
[0040] The terminal device or the network device may work on several frequency ranges, e.g. FR1 (410 MHz to 7125 MHz) , FR2 (24.25GHz to 71GHz) , frequency band larger than 100GHz as well as Tera Hertz (THz) . It can further work on licensed / unlicensed / shared spectrum. The terminal device may have more than one connections with the network devices under MR-DC application scenario. The terminal device or the network device can work on full duplex, flexible duplex and cross division duplex modes.
[0041] The network device may have the function of network energy saving (NES) , SON or minimization of drive tests (MDT) . The terminal may have the function of power saving.
[0042] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed in test equipment, e.g. signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test terminal device, test network device, channel emulator.
[0043] In one embodiment, the terminal device may be connected with a first network device and a second network device. One of the first network device and the second network device may be a master node and the other one may be a secondary node. The first network device and the second network device may use different radio access technologies (RATs) . In one embodiment, the first network device may be a first RAT device and the second network device may be a second RAT device. In one embodiment, the first RAT device is eNB and the second RAT device is gNB. Information related with different RATs may be transmitted to the terminal device from at least one of the first network device or the second network device. In one embodiment, information A may be transmitted to the terminal device from the first network device and information B may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device. In one embodiment, information related with configuration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted from the second network device via the first network device. Information related with reconfiguration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device.
[0044] As used herein, the singular forms ‘a’ , ‘an’ and ‘the’ are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term ‘includes’ and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean ‘includes, but is not limited to. ’ The term ‘based on’ is to be read as ‘at least in part based on. ’ The term ‘one embodiment’ and ‘an embodiment’ are to be read as ‘at least one embodiment. ’ The term ‘another embodiment’ is to be read as ‘at least one other embodiment. ’ The terms ‘first, ’ ‘second, ’ and the like may refer to different or same objects. The term ‘and / or’ indicates that there may be three relationships. For example, A and / or B may indicate cases includes ‘only A’ , ‘both A and B’ , and ‘only B’ . The term ‘at least one of the following items’ or a similar expression thereof refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of a single item or a plurality of items. For example, ‘at least one of A, B, or C’ may represent A, B, C, ‘A and B’ , ‘A and C’ , ‘B and C’ , or ‘A, B and C’ . Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0045] In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as ‘best, ’ ‘lowest, ’ ‘highest, ’ ‘minimum, ’ ‘maximum, ’ or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0046] In the context of the present disclosure, the term “a cell switch” may be interchangeably used with “reconfiguration with sync for secondary cell group (SCG) or master cell group (MCG) ” or “a cell change” . The term “PSCell” refers to a SpCell of a SCG, the term “PCell” refers to a SpCell of a MCG, and the term “SpCell” refers to a primary cell of a SCG or MCG. The term “SCell” refers to a secondary cell. The term “lower-layer signaling” may be interchangeably used with “L1 / L2 signaling” . The term “radio resource control (RRC) reconfiguration” may be interchangeably used with “RRC reconfiguration message” . The term “candidate cell” may be interchangeably used with “LTM candidate cell” or “candidate cell allowing LTM” . The term “target cell” may be interchangeably used with “target candidate cell” , “candidate target cell” , or “LTM target candidate cell” .
[0047] LTM, as L2 based mobility, is introduced to offer improvements in handover latency and interruption time compared to Layer 3 (L3) based mobility. However, the LTM still has some limitations compared to the L3 based mobility. For example, a LTM operation is only supported for mobility between cells of the same network device (i.e., same CU) . Depending on NW deployment, this may significantly limit opportunities to use LTM. Thus, by enabling a LTM operation between cells of different network devices (i.e. inter-CU) , the NW may be able to gain benefits of LTM for a far greater number of handovers. However, implementations of inter-CU LTM are still incomplete.
[0048] Currently, L1 measurements for LTM are limited to SSB measurements. Expanding L1 measurements to include a CSI-RS may be expected to enable greater throughput on a target cell immediately after a cell switch. However, how to support CSI-RS for early uplink (UL) synchronization is still unclear.
[0049] In view of the above, embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions of communication so as to overcome the above and other potential issues. In one aspect, a DU of a network device may receive, from a CU of the network device, a first message comprising first information of security key update and a set of second information of integrity protection corresponding to a set of candidate cells allowing LTM, and transmit, to a terminal device, a MAC CE indicating a cell switch to a target candidate cell, the MAC CE comprising the first information and second information for the target candidate cell in the set of second information. The terminal device may perform an integrity protection verification based on the second information. In accordance with a determination that the integrity protection verification is successful, the terminal device may perform a security key update based on the first information. In this way, integrity protection information may be introduced in a LTM cell switch command MAC CE, and integrity protection verification for inter-CU LTM may be carried out.
[0050] In another aspect, a MN transmit, to a SN, an indication indicating that the SN is allowed or not allowed to configure an inter-SN LTM for a terminal device; or receive, from the SN, a request for allowing the SN to configure the inter-SN LTM for the terminal device. In this way, MN and SN may negotiate on a configuration of inter-CU LTM for MCG or SCG, and a simultaneous configuration of MCG and SCG for inter-CU LTM may be avoided.
[0051] In another aspect, a network device may transmit, to a terminal device, a list of reference configurations and a list of LTM candidate configurations. A reference configuration in the list of reference configurations is associated with a first index, a LTM candidate configuration in the list of LTM candidate configurations is associated with a second index. In accordance with a determination that a cell switch to a target candidate cell associated with a first LTM candidate configuration is to be performed, the terminal device may determine a first reference configuration from the list of reference configurations based on the second index associated with the first LTM candidate configuration, consider the first reference configuration as the current configuration, and apply the first LTM candidate configuration for the cell switch. In this way, multiple reference configurations may be supported for inter-CU LTM.
[0052] In another aspect, a network device may transmit, to a terminal device, a set of parameters for random access comprising a CSI-RS index in a MAC CE indicating a cell switch to a candidate cell or in DCI triggering a random access procedure on the candidate cell. Based on the CSI-RS index, the terminal device may select a CSI-RS during a random access resource selection in the random access procedure performed on the candidate cell. In this way, a CSI-RS may be supported for early UL synchronization for better performance.
[0053] Principles and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0054] EXAMPLE OF COMMUNICATION NETWORK
[0055] FIG. 1A illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication network 100A in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. As shown in FIG. 1A, the communication network 100 may include a terminal device 110 and network devices 120 and 130. The network device 120 may provide one or more cells (e.g., cells 122-1 and 123-1 as shown) to serve one or more terminal devices. The network device 130 may also provide one or more cells (e.g., cells 131 and 132 as shown) to serve one or more terminal devices.
[0056] As shown in FIG. 1, the network device 120 may comprise a CU 121 and DUs 122 and 123. The CU 121 may communicate with the DUs 122 and 123. It is to be understood that the two DUs 122 and 123 are shown only for illustration, and more or less DUs may also be provided for implementation of embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0057] As shown in FIG. 1A, the DU 122 provides the cell 122-1 and the DU 123 provides the cell 123-1. It is to be understood that this is merely an example, and any of the DUs 122 and 123 may provide more cells. The terminal device 110 may communicate with any of these cells. In this example, the terminal device 110 is located in the cell 123-1 and served by the network device 120.
[0058] Although not shown, the network device 130 may comprise a CU and one or more DUs as described in connection with the network device 120. Alternatively, the network device 130 may not be implemented in a CU-DU architecture, and may be implemented in an integrated architecture as shown.
[0059] The CU 121 may communicate with the network device 130. In some embodiments where the network device 130 comprises a CU and one or more DUs, the CU 121 may communicate with the CU of the network device 130.
[0060] As shown in FIG. 1A, the communication network 100A may further include a core network (CN) 135. The terminal device 110 may communicate with the CN 135 via the network device 120 and / or the network device 130. In this example, the terminal device 110 may communicate with the CU 121 via the DU 123 and the CU 121 may further communicate with the CN 135.
[0061] It is to be understood that the number of devices or cells or CUs or DUs in FIG. 1A is given for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitations to the present disclosure. The communication network 100A may include any suitable number of network devices and / or terminal devices and / or cells and / or CUs and / or DUs adapted for implementing implementations of the present disclosure.
[0062] The communications in the communication network 100A may conform to any suitable standards including, but not limited to, global system for mobile communications (GSM) , long term evolution (LTE) , LTE-evolution, LTE-advanced (LTE-A) , new radio (NR) , wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) , code division multiple access (CDMA) , GSM EDGE radio access network (GERAN) , machine type communication (MTC) and the like. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, 5.5G, 5G-advanced networks, or the sixth generation (6G) networks.
[0063] Communication in a direction from the terminal device 110 towards the network device 120 is referred to as UL communication, while communication in a reverse direction from the network device 120 towards the terminal device 110 is referred to as downlink (DL) communication. The terminal device 110 may move amongst the cells of the network devices 120 and 130 and possibly other network devices. In UL communication, the terminal device 110 may transmit UL data and control information to the network device 120 or 130 via a UL channel. In DL communication, the network device 120 or 130 may transmit DL data and control information to the terminal device 110 via a DL channel.
[0064] The communications in the communication network 100A can be performed in accordance with UP and CP protocol stacks. Generally speaking, for a communication device (such as a terminal device or a network device) , there are a plurality of entities for a plurality of network protocol layers in a protocol stack, which can be configured to implement corresponding processing on data or signaling transmitted from the communication device and received by the communication device. FIG. 1B illustrates a schematic diagram 100B illustrating network protocol layer entities that may be established for UP protocol stack at devices according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. For convenience, the following description is given by taking the network device 120 as an example of a network device.
[0065] As shown in FIG. 1B, in the UP, each of the terminal device 110 and the network device 120 may comprise an entity for the L1 layer, i.e., an entity for a physical (PHY) layer (also referred to as a PHY entity) , and one or more entities for upper layers (L2 and layer 3 (L3) layers, or upper layers) including an entity for a MAC layer (also referred to as a MAC entity) , an entity for a radio link control (RLC) layer (also referred to as a RLC entity) , an entity for a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer (also referred to as a PDCP entity) , and an entity for a service data application protocol (SDAP) layer (also referred to as a SDAP entity, which is established in 5G and higher-generation networks) .
[0066] FIG. 1C illustrates a schematic diagram 100C illustrating network protocol layer entities that may be established for CP protocol stack at devices according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. For convenience, the following description is given by taking the network device 120 as an example of a network device.
[0067] As shown in FIG. 1C, in the CP, each of the terminal device 110 and the network device 120 may comprise an entity for the L1 layer, i.e., an entity for a PHY layer (also referred to as a PHY entity) , and one or more entities for upper layers (L2 and L3 layers) including an entity for a MAC layer (also referred to as a MAC entity) , an entity for a RLC layer (also referred to as a RLC entity) , an entity for a PDCP layer (also referred to as a PDCP entity) , and an entity for an RRC layer (also referred to as an RRC entity) . The RRC layer may be also referred to as an access stratum (AS) layer, and thus the RRC entity may be also referred to as an AS entity. As shown in FIG. 1C, the terminal device 110 may also comprise an entity for a non-access stratum (NAS) layer (also referred to as a NAS entity) . An NAS layer at the network side is not located in a network device and is located in CN.
[0068] In the context of the present disclosure, L1 refers to the PHY layer, L2 refers to the MAC or RLC or PDCP or SDAP layer, and L3 refers to the RRC layer. In the context of the present disclosure, L1 or L2 may also be collectively referred to as a lower-layer, and L3 may also be referred to as a higher-layer. Accordingly, L1 or L2 signaling may be also referred to as a lower-layer signaling, and L3 signaling may be also referred to as a higher-layer signaling.
[0069] Returning to FIG. 1A, a CU (e.g., the CU 121) may be responsible for accomplishing functionalities of RRC, SDAP and PDCP entities, and a DU (e.g., the DU 122 or 123 may be responsible for accomplishing functionalities of the RLC entity, the MAC entity and the PHY entity. In some embodiments, a CU and a DU may be implemented in separate devices. In some embodiments, a CU and a DU may be implemented in the same device. In some embodiments, different DUs may be implemented in separate devices. In some embodiments, different CUs are implemented in separate devices.
[0070] In the context of the present disclosure, a CU (also referred to as a gNB-CU herein) is a logic node hosting RRC, SDAP and PDCP protocols of a gNB or RRC and PDCP protocols of an en-gNB that controls operation of one or more DUs (also referred to as gNB-DUs herein) . The gNB-CU terminates a F1 interface connected with the gNB-DU. A DU is a logical node hosting RLC, MAC and PHY layers of the gNB or en-gNB, and its operation is partly controlled by gNB-CU. One gNB-DU supports one or multiple cells. One cell is supported by only one gNB-DU. The gNB-DU terminates a F1 interface connected with the gNB-CU.
[0071] FIG. 1D illustrates a schematic diagram illustrating a process 100D of LTM in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. For the purpose of discussion, the process 100D will be described with reference to FIG. 1A. The process 100D may involve the terminal device 110 and the network device 120 as illustrated in FIG. 1A. The network device 120 may be a MN or SN serving the terminal device 110. In this example, the network device 120 provides a serving cell for the terminal device 110, and another network device (e.g., the network device 130) provides a target candidate cell for the terminal device 110.
[0072] As shown in FIG. 1D, at a LTM preparation stage, the terminal device 110 may send 140 a measurement report message to the network device 120. The network device 120 may decide 141 to use LTM and initiates LTM candidate preparation. The network device 120 may transmit 142 an RRC reconfiguration message to the terminal device 110 comprising a configuration (also referred to as a LTM configuration or a LTM candidate configuration herein) of one or multiple LTM candidate target cells. The terminal device 110 may store the configuration of LTM candidate target cell (s) and transmit 143 a RRC reconfiguration complete message to the network device 120.
[0073] At an early synchronization (i.e., early sync) stage, the terminal device 110 may perform 144 DL synchronization with candidate cell (s) before receiving s cell switch command. The terminal device 110 may perform 145 early timing advance (TA) acquisition with candidate cell (s) requested by the network device 120 before receiving the cell switch command (i.e., perform UL synchronization with candidate cell (s) ) . This may be done via contention free random access (CFRA) triggered by a PDCCH order from a source cell, following which the terminal device 110 sends a preamble towards the indicated candidate cell. In order to minimize data interruption of the source cell due to CFRA towards the candidate cell (s) , the terminal device 110 does not receive a random access response (RAR) for the purpose of TA value acquisition and the TA value of the candidate cell is indicated in the cell switch command. The terminal device 110 does not maintain a TA timer for the candidate cell and relies on network implementation to guarantee TA validity.
[0074] At a LTM execution stage, the terminal device 110 may perform L1 measurements on the configured LTM candidate target cell (s) , and transmits 146 lower-layer measurement reports to the network device 120. L1 measurements may be performed as long as apply the RRC reconfiguration in step 142. The network device 120 may decide 147 to execute LTM cell switch to a target cell, and transmits 148 a MAC CE triggering LTM cell switch by including a candidate configuration index of the target cell. The terminal device 110 may switch 149 to the target cell and apply a configuration indicated by the candidate configuration index. The terminal device 110 may perform 150 a random access (RA) procedure towards the target cell if the terminal device 110 does not have valid TA of the target cell.
[0075] At a LTM completion stage, the terminal device 110 may complete 151 the LTM cell switch procedure by sending an RRC reconfiguration complete message to the target cell. If the terminal device 110 has performed the RA procedure in step 150, the terminal device 110 may consider that LTM execution is successfully completed when the RA procedure is successfully completed. For random access channel (RACH) -less LTM, the terminal device 110 may consider that LTM execution is successfully completed when the terminal device 110 determines that the network device 120 has successfully received the first UL data from the terminal device 110.
[0076] Steps 144 to 151 can be performed multiple times for subsequent LTM cell switch using the LTM candidate cell configuration (s) provided in the step 142.
[0077] Returning to FIG. 1A, in some scenarios, the terminal device 110 may receive a MAC CE indicating a cell switch from the cell 123-1 to the cell 122-1 under control of the same CU 121. This procedure of the cell switch is called as an intra-CU LTM herein. In some scenarios, the network device 120 may serve as a MN in a dual connection. In this case, this procedure of the cell switch is also called as an intra-MN LTM herein. In some scenarios, the network device 120 may serve as a SN in a dual connection. In this case, this procedure of the cell switch is also called as an intra-SN LTM herein.
[0078] Continuing to refer to FIG. 1A, in some scenarios, the terminal device 110 may receive a MAC CE indicating a cell switch from the cell 123-1 under control of the CU 121 to the cell 131. The cell 131 is not under control of the CU 121 or is under control of another CU. This procedure of the cell switch is called as an inter-CU LTM herein. In some scenarios, the network device 120 may serve as a MN in a dual connection. In this case, this procedure of the cell switch is also called as an inter-MN LTM herein. In some scenarios, the network device 120 may serve as a SN in a dual connection. In this case, this procedure of the cell switch is also called as an inter-SN LTM herein.
[0079] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions of communication for LTM. More details will be described with reference to FIGs. 2 to 5 below.
[0080] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF SECURITY OF INTER-CU LTM
[0081] To support security key update for inter-CU LTM, one possible solution is to include security key update information (e.g., next hop chaining count (NCC) ) in a LTM cell switch command. However, one security concern for this solution is that the LTM cell switch command is not integrity protected.
[0082] In view of this, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for security of inter-CU LTM. The solution will be described in connection with FIG. 2 below.
[0083] FIG. 2 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example process 200 of communication for security of inter-CU LTM according to embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 200 will be described with reference to FIG. 1A. The process 200 may involve the terminal device 110, the DU 123 and the CU 121 of the network device 120, and the network device 130 as illustrated in FIG. 1A. In this example, the DU 123 of the network device 120 provides a serving cell (e.g., the cell 123-1) for the terminal device 110, and the network device 130 provides a target candidate cell (also referred to as a candidate cell hereinafter) (e.g., the cell 131) for the terminal device 110. The serving cell may be SpCell, PCell or PSCell of the terminal device 110.
[0084] As shown in FIG. 2, the DU 123 may receive 201, from the CU 121, a set of information (for convenience, also referred to as third information herein) of security key update corresponding to a set of candidate cells (also referred to as LTM candidate cells herein) . Each third information in the set of third information corresponds to a candidate cell in the set of candidate cells. The third information indicates whether security key update is needed for a cell switch to the corresponding candidate cell.
[0085] In some embodiments, the third information may comprise an indication indicating that security key update is needed or not needed for a cell switch to the candidate cell. In some embodiments, the third information may comprise an indication indicating that the candidate cell belongs or not belongs to the CU 121. In some embodiments, the third information may comprise a cell identity (ID) associated with the candidate cell. The cell ID is used to determine whether the security key update is needed for the cell switch to the candidate cell. In some embodiments, the cell ID may be a CU ID or gNB ID. It is to be noted that the third information may comprise any combinations of the above information.
[0086] In some embodiments, the set of third information may be comprised in a RRC message such as a UE context modification request message or a UE context setup request message.
[0087] Based on the third information, the DU 123 may determine whether to transmit a LTM cell switch command directly without waiting for key update information and integrity protection information from the CU 121. Additionally or alternatively, the DU 123 may determine whether to include security key update information in the LTM cell switch command MAC CE. For example, if the DU 123 determines that there is no need to include the security key update information in the LTM cell switch command MAC CE, the DU 123 may transmit the LTM Cell Switch command MAC without including the security key update information to the terminal device 110. Otherwise, the DU 123 may need to wait or determine the key update information for the LTM cell switch command.
[0088] It is to be noted that although delivery of the third information is described in connection with a source / serving gNB, the present disclosure does not limit this aspect. The third information may also be delivered between a DU and a CU of a candidate gNB. In some embodiments, the delivery of the third information may be carried out during a preparation of inter-CU LTM.
[0089] It is assumed that the DU 123 may need to wait for key update information and integrity protection information from the CU 121 before transmission of a LTM cell switch command.
[0090] As shown in FIG. 2, the terminal device 110 may receive 202, from the network device 120, a MAC CE (also referred to as a LTM cell switch command MAC CE) indicating a cell switch (also referred to as a LTM cell switch herein) from a source cell to a target candidate cell. In some embodiments, the MAC CE may comprise first information of security key update and second information of integrity protection for the target candidate cell. In some embodiments, the MAC CE may further comprise an index or identity of a LTM candidate configuration. The LTM candidate configuration is associated with the target candidate cell.
[0091] In some embodiments, the first information may comprise at least one of a key set change indicator, next hop chaining count (NCC) , or a security key counter (sk-counter) . In some embodiments, the second information may comprise information of a first message authentication code for integrity (MAC-I) , for example, a shorted MAC-I, which may be a 16-bits value.
[0092] In some embodiments, the DU 123 of the network device 120 may receive, from the CU 121 of the network device 120, a message (for convenience, also referred to as a first message herein) comprising information (for convenience, also referred to as first information herein) of security key update and a set of information (for convenience, also referred to as second information herein) of a set of integrity protection corresponding to a set of candidate cells allowing LTM (i.e., LTM candidate cells) . The first information may be common for the set of candidate cells, and the second information may be separately set for candidate cells in the set of candidate cells.
[0093] In some embodiments, the set of candidate cells may comprise each LTM candidate cell in a list of LTM candidate cells, and the set of second information comprises second information of each LTM candidate cell in the list of LTM candidate cells. As shown in FIG. 2, the DU 123 of the network device 120 may receive 210, from the CU 121, the first message comprising the first information and the set of second information comprising second information of each LTM candidate cell. In other words, a serving / source gNB-CU (i.e., the CU 121) may calculate integrity protection information for each of the list of LTM candidate cells, and transmit to the serving / source gNB-DU (i.e., the DU 123) a message comprising key update information and integrity protection information for each of the list of LTM candidate cells.
[0094] For example, in order to calculate the integrity protection information for one LTM candidate cell, a source gNB (i.e., the network device 120) may use an integrity algorithm for 5G from a 5G AS security context from the source gNB with at least one of following inputs: source cell-radio network temporary identity (C-RNTI) of the terminal device 110 (i.e., C-RNTI of the terminal device 110 in the source cell) , source cell identity (e.g., physical cell identity (PCI) ) and identity of the LTM candidate cell (e.g., cell identity of the LTM candidate cell) ; a key is set to a security key (e.g., KRRCint, i.e., a security key for integrity protection of RRC signaling) of a source / serving cell (e.g., PCell) ; and all BEARER / DIRECTION / COUNT bits is set to 1.
[0095] As shown in FIG. 2, the terminal device 110 may transmit 211 L1 measurement results to the DU 123. As a response, the DU 123 may transmit 212 the LTM cell switch MAC CE to the terminal device 110. In some embodiments, based on the L1 measurement results, the DU 123 may determine to trigger the LTM cell switch to the target candidate cell, and determine that security key update is needed. The DU 123 may determine the second information for the target candidate cell from the set of second information. The DU 123 may include key update information (i.e., the first information) and integrity protection information (i.e., the determined second information) associated with the target candidate cell into the LTM cell switch command MAC CE, and transmit the LTM cell switch command MAC CE to the terminal device 110.
[0096] As shown in FIG. 2, the DU 123 may transmit 213, to the CU 121, a message indicating that the LTM cell switch is to be triggered. The CU 121 may transmit 214, to the network device 130 (e.g., a CU of the network device 130) , a message comprising a key to be used (e.g., key NG-RAN Star) and the key update information (e.g., NCC) .
[0097] In some embodiments, the set of candidate cells may comprise only the target candidate cell, and the set of second information comprises only second information of the target candidate cell. With reference to FIG. 2, the terminal device 110 may transmit 220 L1 measurement results to the DU 123. Based on the L1 measurement results, the DU 123 may determine to trigger the LTM cell switch to the target candidate cell. As shown in FIG. 2, the DU 123 may transmit 221, to the CU 121, a message (also referred to as a second message herein) indicating that the LTM cell switch is to be triggered, which comprising an identity / index of the LTM candidate configuration associated with the target candidate cell. As a response, the CU 121 may calculate integrity protection information for the target candidate cell. For example, in order to calculate the integrity protection information for the target candidate cell, a source gNB (i.e., the network device 120) may use a negotiated integrity algorithm for 5G from a 5G AS security context from the source gNB with the following inputs: source C-RNTI of the terminal device 110, a source cell identity (e.g., PCI) and an identity of the target candidate cell (e.g. cell identity of the target candidate cell) ; a key is set to a security key (e.g., KRRCint, i.e., a security key for integrity protection of RRC signaling) of a source / serving PCell; and all BEARER / DIRECTION / COUNT bits is set to 1.
[0098] As shown in FIG. 2, the CU 121 may transmit 222, to the DU 123, a message comprising the key update information and the integrity protection information for the target candidate cell. The DU 123 may include key update information (i.e., the first information) and integrity protection information (i.e., the determined second information) associated with the target candidate cell into the LTM cell switch command MAC CE. As shown in FIG. 2, the DU 123 may transmit 223 the LTM cell switch command MAC CE to the terminal device 110.
[0099] As shown in FIG. 2, the CU 121 may also transmit 224, to the network device 130 (e.g., a CU of the network device 130) , a message comprising a key to be used (e.g., key NG-RAN Star) and the key update information (e.g., NCC) .
[0100] So far, the transmission of the LTM cell switch command MAC CE is described. Continuing to refer to FIG. 2, upon reception of the LTM cell switch command MAC CE comprising the first information (i.e., the key update information) and the second information (i.e., the integrity protection information) , the terminal device 110 may perform 203 an integrity protection verification based on the second information.
[0101] In some embodiments, upon reception of the LTM cell switch command MAC CE, a MAC layer of the terminal device 110 may indicate the second information to an upper layer (e.g., a RRC layer) of the terminal device 110, and the upper layer may perform the integrity protection verification based on the second information. In some embodiments, the MAC layer may indicate both the first information and the second information to the upper layer.
[0102] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 (i.e., the upper layer) may determine a second message authentication code for integrity (MAC-I) . In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may set bits of a set of parameters to a first value. The set of parameters is used for the second MAC-I calculation. For example, the set of parameters may comprise COUNT, BEARER, and DIRECTION. All input bits for COUNT, BEARER, and DIRECTION may be set to binary ones, that is, the first value is binary one. The first value may also be any other suitable values.
[0103] The terminal device 110 may determine the second MAC-I based on a security key (e.g., current security key KRRCint, i.e., a security key for integrity protection of RRC signaling) and an integrity protection algorithm of the source cell, the set of parameters, and identity information. The identity information may comprise at least one of an identity (e.g., PCI) of the source cell, an identity of the target candidate cell (e.g., a cell identity indicated in an IE ‘ServingCellConfigCommon’ included in a reconfiguration with sync within a master cell group in a RRC reconfiguration message in a LTM candidate configuration within a LTM-candidate IE in a LTM configuration identified by the LTM candidate configuration identity / index in the LTM cell switch command) , or an identity (e.g., C-RNTI) of the terminal device 110 in the source cell. The identity information may be stored in a UE variable and may be abstract syntax notation one (ASN. 1) encoded.
[0104] In some embodiments, if the second MAC-I matches the second information, the terminal device 110 may determine that the integrity protection verification is successful. In some embodiments, if the second MAC-I mismatches the second information, the terminal device 110 may determine that the integrity protection verification is unsuccessful. In other words, if the second MAC-I calculated by the terminal device 110 matches or corresponds to the integrity protection information (i.e., the second information) , the integrity protection is verified successfully. Otherwise, the integrity protection is not verified successfully. For example, if 16 least significant bits of the second MAC-I is identical to the integrity protection information, the integrity protection is verified successful. If the 16 least significant bits of the second MAC-I is not identical to the integrity protection information, the integrity protection verification is not passed.
[0105] With reference to FIG. 2, if the integrity protection verification is successful, the terminal device 110 may perform 204 a security key update based on the first information. In some embodiments, if the integrity protection verification is successful, the terminal device 110 may perform a procedure of an execution of the cell switch. That is, the terminal device 110 may perform the remaining steps of a LTM cell switch execution procedure, including release / clear some configurations, apply some default configuration / parameters, consider a reference configuration as a current UE configuration, and apply the LTM candidate configuration associated with the target candidate cell.
[0106] In some embodiments, if the integrity protection verification is unsuccessful, the terminal device 110 may not perform the procedure of security key update. In some embodiments, if the integrity protection verification is unsuccessful, the terminal device 110 may not perform the procedure of the execution of the cell switch, i.e., the remaining steps of the LTM cell switch execution procedure. In some embodiments, if the integrity protection verification is unsuccessful, the terminal device 110 may end the procedure of the execution of the cell switch.
[0107] In some embodiments, if the integrity protection verification is unsuccessful, the terminal device 110 may indicate, from an upper layer (e.g., RRC layer) to a MAC layer, that a procedure of handling the MAC CE (i.e., a MAC procedure of handling the LTM cell switch command MAC CE) is not applied.
[0108] In some embodiments, if the integrity protection verification is unsuccessful, the terminal device 110 may initiate a RRC reestablishment procedure, or perform actions upon going to a RRC idle state. It is to be noted that any combinations of the above operations may also be feasible.
[0109] With the process 200, integrity protection information may be introduced in a LTM cell switch command MAC CE, and integrity protection verification for inter-CU LTM may be carried out. It is to be understood that other details of the process 200 are the same as that described for the process 200, and thus are not repeated here for conciseness. It is also to be understood that steps and an order of the steps in FIG. 2 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. For example, the order of the steps may be changed. Some of the steps may be omitted or any other suitable steps may be added.
[0110] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF CONFIGURATION OF INTER-CU LTM
[0111] An LTM configuration with inter-CU LTM candidate cells may be configured either by a MCG or SCG (but not for both simultaneously) . However, it is still unclear how to handle the configuration of inter-CU LTM for MCG or SCG. The inter-CU LTM for MCG may be referred as inter-MN LTM, and inter-CU LTM for SCG may be referred to as inter-SN LTM.
[0112] In view of this, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for a configuration of inter-CU LTM. The solution will be described in connection with FIG. 3 below.
[0113] FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example process 300 of communication for a configuration of inter-CU LTM according to embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 300 will be described with reference to FIG. 1A. The process 300 may involve a MN and a SN serving the terminal device 110.
[0114] As shown in FIG. 3, the MN may transmit 310, to the SN, an indication indicating that the SN is allowed or not allowed to configure an inter-SN LTM for the terminal device 110. In other words, the MN may decide whether it is allowed for the SN to configure an inter-SN LTM (may also be referred to as an inter-CU SCG LTM herein) , and transmit to the SN an indication indicating whether the inter-SN LTM is allowed or not to be configured for the terminal device 110.
[0115] In some embodiments, the indication may be set in an inter-node RRC message CG-ConfigInfo, or Xn message such as a SN modification request message or a SN setup request message.
[0116] Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 3, the SN may transmit 320, to the MN, a request for allowing the SN to configure the inter-SN LTM for the terminal device 110. In other words, the SN may transmit an indication to the MN to request to configure the inter-SN LTM for the terminal device 110. In some embodiments, the indication may be set in an inter-node RRC message CG-Config, or Xn message such as a SN modification required message.
[0117] In this way, the MN and the SN may negotiate on a configuration of inter-CU LTM for MCG or SCG, and a simultaneous configuration of MCG and SCG for inter-CU LTM may be avoided.
[0118] It is to be understood that steps and an order of the steps in FIG. 3 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. For example, the order of the steps may be changed. Some of the steps may be omitted or any other suitable steps may be added.
[0119] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF REFERENCE CONFIGURATIONS FOR INTER-CU LTM
[0120] A single reference configuration for inter-CU LTM would require a joint signaling for the entire CU and DU involved in the LTM preparation, which may be too complicated to implement. Thus, multiple reference configurations may be supported for LTM. However, how to support multiple reference configurations is unclear.
[0121] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for reference configurations for inter-CU LTM. The solution will be described in connection with FIG. 4 below.
[0122] FIG. 4 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example process 400 of communication for reference configurations for inter-CU LTM according to embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 400 will be described with reference to FIG. 1A. The process 400 may involve the terminal device 110 and the network devices 120 and 130. The network device 120 provides a serving or source cell of the terminal device 110, and the network device 130 provides a candidate cell.
[0123] As shown in FIG. 4, the network device 120 may transmit 410, to the network device 130, information (for convenience, also referred to as fourth information herein) of preference on a reference configuration. For example, a source gNB may transmit, to a candidate gNB, a Xn message comprising the fourth information. The Xn message may be a handover request message or any other suitable messages.
[0124] In some embodiments, the fourth information may comprise information of a set of reference configurations (i.e., one or more reference configurations) . Each of the set of reference configurations may be associated with a reference configuration ID or index.
[0125] In some embodiments, the fourth information may comprise an indication indicating that a reference configuration (for convenience, also referred to as a second reference configuration herein) other than the set of reference configurations is allowed or not allowed to be used. In other words, the indication may indicate whether a target gNB can use a reference configuration different from the set of reference configurations provided.
[0126] In some embodiments, the fourth information may comprise a request for a reference configuration (for convenience, also referred to as a third reference configuration herein) . It is to be noted that the fourth information may comprise any combinations of the above information.
[0127] As shown in FIG. 4, the network device 130 may transmit 420, to the network device 120, information (for convenience, also referred to as fifth information herein) of a reference configuration. For example, the candidate gNB may transmit, to the source gNB, a Xn message comprising the fifth information. The Xn message may be a handover request acknowledge message or any other suitable messages.
[0128] In some embodiments, the fifth information may comprise the second reference configuration, which is generated by the network device 130 and is different from the set of reference configurations provided by the network device 120.
[0129] In some embodiments, the fifth information may comprise at least one LTM candidate configuration determined or generated based on the second reference configuration.
[0130] In some embodiments, the fifth information may comprise at least one LTM candidate configuration determined or generated based on a reference configuration (for convenience, also referred to as a fourth reference configuration herein) in the set of reference configurations and a reference configuration ID or index (also referred to as a first index herein) associated with the reference configuration.
[0131] In some embodiments, the fifth information may comprise the third reference configuration requested by the network device 120. It is to be noted that the fifth information may comprise any combinations of the above information.
[0132] With reference to FIG. 4, the network device 120 may transmit 430, to the terminal device 110, a list of reference configurations and a list of LTM candidate configurations. A reference configuration in the list of reference configurations is associated with a reference configuration ID or index (also referred to as a first index herein) , and a LTM candidate configuration in the list of LTM candidate configurations is associated with an index (for convenience, also referred to as a second index herein) . The second index is used to determine which reference configuration to be used during LTM cell switch execution.
[0133] Continuing to refer to FIG. 4, in accordance with a determination that a cell switch to a target candidate cell associated with a first LTM candidate configuration is to be performed, the terminal device 110 may determine 440 a first reference configuration from the list of reference configurations based on the second index associated with the first LTM candidate configuration. For example, a value of the first index associated with the first reference configuration is the same as a value of the second index associated with the first LTM candidate configuration.
[0134] With reference to FIG. 4, the terminal device 110 may consider 450 the first reference configuration as the current configuration. Then the terminal device 110 may apply 460 the first LTM candidate configuration for the cell switch.
[0135] In some embodiments, the first LTM candidate configuration may be a LTM candidate configuration identified by a LTM candidate configuration identity / index received from lower layers (e.g., MAC layer) of the terminal device 110. In other words, the first LTM candidate configuration may be a LTM candidate configuration identified by the LTM candidate configuration identity / index in a LTM cell switch command MAC CE. In some embodiments, the first LTM candidate configuration may be a LTM candidate configuration related to a LTM candidate configuration identity for the target candidate cell selected by a cell selection performed while a timer (e.g., T311) for RRC re-establishment is running, and the cell selection triggers the LTM cell switch procedure.
[0136] With the process 400, multiple reference configurations may be supported for inter-CU LTM. It is to be understood that steps and an order of the steps in FIG. 4 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. For example, the order of the steps may be changed. Some of the steps may be omitted or any other suitable steps may be added.
[0137] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF EARLY UL SYNCHRONIZATION
[0138] Conventionally, SSB and CSI-RS are supported for L1 measurement report for LTM, but only SSB is supported for early UL synchronization. Since one purpose of L1 measurement for LTM is to select a candidate beam or cell to trigger early UL synchronization, it is reasonable to support CSI-RS for early UL synchronization.
[0139] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for CSI-RS based early UL synchronization. The solution will be described in connection with FIG. 5 below.
[0140] FIG. 5 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example process 500 of communication for early UL synchronization according to embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 500 will be described with reference to FIG. 1A. The process 500 may involve the terminal device 110 and the network device 120. The network device 120 provides a serving or source cell of the terminal device 110, and the network device 130 provides a candidate cell.
[0141] As shown in FIG. 5, the network device 120 may transmit 510 a set of RA parameters to the terminal device 110. The set of RA parameters may comprise a CSI-RS index provided in a MAC CE (i.e., LTM cell switch command MAC CE) indicating a cell switch to a candidate cell (i.e., target candidate cell) or in DCI triggering a RA procedure on the candidate cell for early UL synchronization.
[0142] In some embodiments, if the CSI-RS index is included, a synchronization signal (SS) / physical broadcast channel (PBCH) index in the MAC CE or DCI are set to all zeros. In some embodiments, if the CSI-RS index is included, the terminal device 110 may ignore the SS / PBCH index, or the SS / PBCH index may not be included in the MAC CE or DCI.
[0143] In some embodiments, the set of RA parameters may comprise information of at least one RA occasion index. In some embodiments, the information of at least one RA occasion index may be one PRACH occasion index. In some embodiments, the information of at least one RA occasion index may be a list of PRACH occasion indexes. In some embodiments, if the RA occasion index is included in the MAC CE or DCI, the terminal device 110 may ignore the PRACH mask index in the MAC CE or DCI, or the PRACH mask index may not be included in the MAC CE or DCI.
[0144] In some embodiments, the set of RA parameters may comprise an indication of whether a reference signal for the RA is the CSI-RS or a SSB. In some embodiments, if this indication is included and the CSI-RS index is included, the SS / PBCH index may be not included in the DCI or MAC CE, or the terminal device 110 may ignore the SS / PDCH index.
[0145] In some embodiments, the set of RA parameters may comprise an indication indicating the candidate cell. It is to be understood that the set of RA parameters may comprise any combinations of the above parameters.
[0146] With reference to FIG. 5, the terminal device 110 may select 520, based on the CSI-RS index, a CSI-RS during a RA resource selection in the RA procedure performed on the candidate cell. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may perform a preamble transmission on the candidate cell based on the CSI-RS.
[0147] With reference to FIG. 5, the terminal device 110 may receive 530, from the network device 120, a configuration for early UL synchronization for the candidate cell. For example, the terminal device 110 may receive a RRC configuration to configure RA resources for the early UL synchronization for the candidate cell.
[0148] In some embodiments, the configuration for early UL synchronization may comprise at least one of the following: an UL or DL time-division duplexing (TDD) configuration; time domain positions of synchronization signal (SS) blocks in an SS burst; a periodicity of a SSB; or a configuration of an unrestricted set or one of two types of restricted sets for a cyclic shift. In some embodiments, the periodicity of the SSB may be in ms for a rate matching purpose.
[0149] With reference to FIG. 5, the terminal device 110 may perform 540 the early UL synchronization (e.g., a RA procedure) on the candidate cell based on the configuration and / or CSI-RS. For example, the terminal device 110 may perform a RA preamble transmission.
[0150] As shown in FIG. 5, the terminal device 110 may receive 550 further DCI indicating the candidate cell and the CSI-RS. For example, after the RA preamble transmission for early UL synchronization, the terminal device 110 may further receive a PDCCH order indicating the same LTM candidate cell and the same CSI-RS as the last RA preamble transmission. In this case, the terminal device 110 may increment 560 a counter (e.g., PREAMBLE_POWER_RAMPING_COUNTER) for preamble power ramping, e.g., by 1. In this way, a retransmission of the RA preamble transmission may be carried out.
[0151] With the process 500, a CSI-RS may be supported for early UL synchronization for better performance. It is to be understood that steps and an order of the steps in FIG. 5 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. For example, the order of the steps may be changed. Some of the steps may be omitted or any other suitable steps may be added.
[0152] It is to be understood that any of the processes 200 to 500 or operations of the processes 200 to 500 may be carried out separately or in any suitable combinations.
[0153] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may receive a physical layer (L1) measurement report triggering configuration (may be also referred to as channel state information (CSI) information report configuration) . To evaluate the triggering condition of a L1 measurement report, the terminal device 110 may determine that one of CSI-RS or SSB in candidate cell becomes amount of offset better than best CSI-RS or SSB of a serving cell (the measurement result of the CSI-RS or SSB is higher than the measurement result of the best CSI-RS or SSB of the serving cell plus an offset) for a time duration. In this case, the terminal device 110 may consider that the triggering condition for the L1 measurement report is fulfilled, and generate and transmit a MAC CE or UCI for the L1 measurement report (e.g., by instructing the Multiplexing and Assembly procedure to generate and transmit the MAC CE) , which comprising the L1 measurement results of the CSI-RS of the candidate cell. In some embodiments, the measurement result may be L1 reference signal received power (RSRP) , or L1 reference signal received quality (RSRQ) , or L1 signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) . In some embodiments, while evaluating the triggering condition of the L1 measurement report, if a first best CSI-RS or SSB in the serving cell is changed (not the best anymore) , a second best CSI-RS or SSB is used for the evaluation.
[0154] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF METHODS
[0155] Accordingly, embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods of communication implemented at a terminal device and a network device. These methods will be described below with reference to FIGs. 6 to 11.
[0156] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 600 of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 600 may be performed at the terminal device 110 as shown in FIG. 1A. It is to be understood that the method 600 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard. It is assumed that the terminal device 110 is served by the network device 120.
[0157] As shown in FIG. 6, at block 610, the terminal device 110 may receive, from the network device 120, a MAC CE indicating a cell switch from a source cell to a target candidate cell. The MAC CE may comprise first information of security key update and second information of integrity protection.
[0158] At block 620, the terminal device 110 may perform an integrity protection verification based on the second information.
[0159] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may perform the integrity protection verification by: indicating the second information from a MAC layer to an upper layer of the terminal device 110; and performing, by the upper layer, the integrity protection verification based on the second information.
[0160] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may perform the integrity protection verification by: determining a MAC-I (also referred to as a second MAC-I herein) ; in accordance with a determination that the second MAC-I matches the second information, determining that the integrity protection verification is successful; and in accordance with a determination that the second MAC-I mismatches the second information, determining that the integrity protection verification is unsuccessful.
[0161] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine the second MAC-I by:setting bits of a set of parameters to a first value; and determining the second MAC-I based on a security key and an integrity protection algorithm of the source cell, the set of parameters, and at least one of an identity of the source cell, an identity of the target candidate cell, or an identity of the terminal device in the source cell.
[0162] At block 630, in accordance with a determination that the integrity protection verification is successful, the terminal device 110 may perform a security key update based on the first information. In some embodiments, if the integrity protection verification is successful, the terminal device 110 may also perform a procedure of an execution of the cell switch.
[0163] In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the integrity protection verification is unsuccessful, the terminal device 110 may perform an operation comprising at least one of the following: performing no procedure of security key update; performing no procedure of an execution of the cell switch; ending the procedure of the execution of the cell switch; indicating, from an upper layer to a MAC layer, that a procedure of handling the MAC CE is not applied; or initiating a RRC reestablishment procedure.
[0164] In some embodiments, the first information may comprise at least one of a key set change indicator, NCC, or a security key counter. The second information may comprise a MAC-I (also referred to as a first MAC-I herein) , e.g., a shorted MAC-I.
[0165] With the method 600, integrity protection information may be introduced in a LTM cell switch command MAC CE, and integrity protection verification for inter-CU LTM may be carried out.
[0166] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 700 of communication implemented at a DU of a network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 700 may be performed at the DU 123 as shown in FIG. 1A. It is to be understood that the method 700 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard. It is assumed that the terminal device 110 is served by the DU 123.
[0167] As shown in FIG. 7, at block 710, the DU 123 may receive, from the CU 121, a first message comprising first information of security key update and a set of second information of integrity protection corresponding to a set of candidate cells allowing LTM.
[0168] At block 720, the DU 123 may transmit, to the terminal device 110, a MAC CE indicating a cell switch to a target candidate cell. The MAC CE may comprise the first information and second information for the target candidate cell in the set of second information. In some embodiments, the DU 123 may determine, from the set of second information, second information for the target candidate cell.
[0169] In some embodiments, the set of candidate cells may comprise only the target candidate cell. In these embodiments, the DU 123 may receive the first message by: transmitting, to the CU 121, a second message indicating that the cell switch to the target candidate cell is to be triggered; and receiving the first message transmitted by the CU 121 upon reception of the second message.
[0170] In some embodiments, the DU 123 may receive, from the CU 121, a set of third information of security key update corresponding to the set of candidate cells, third information corresponding to a candidate cell in the set of third information comprising at least one of the following: an indication indicating that security key update is needed or not needed for a cell switch to the candidate cell; an indication indicating that the candidate cell belongs or not belongs to the CU 121; or a cell ID associated with the candidate cell. The cell ID is used to determine whether the security key update is needed for the cell switch to the candidate cell.
[0171] With the method 700, integrity protection information may be introduced in a LTM cell switch command MAC CE, and integrity protection verification for inter-CU LTM may be facilitated.
[0172] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 800 of communication implemented at a MN in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 800 may be performed at the network device 120 or 130 as shown in FIG. 1A. It is to be understood that the method 800 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard. It is assumed that the network device 120 is a MN and the network device 130 is a SN.
[0173] As shown in FIG. 8, at block 810, a MN (e.g., the network device 120) may transmit to a SN (e.g., the network device 130) , an indication indicating that the SN is allowed or not allowed to configure an inter-SN LTM for a terminal device (e.g., the terminal device 110) , or receive, from the SN, a request for allowing the SN to configure the inter-SN LTM for the terminal device.
[0174] With the method 800, the MN and SN may negotiate on a configuration of inter-CU LTM for MCG or SCG, and a simultaneous configuration of MCG and SCG for inter-CU LTM may be avoided.
[0175] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of another example method 900 of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 900 may be performed at the terminal device 110 as shown in FIG. 1A. It is to be understood that the method 900 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard. It is assumed that the terminal device 110 is served by the network device 120.
[0176] As shown in FIG. 9, at block 910, the terminal device 110 may receive, from the network device 120, a list of reference configurations and a list of LTM candidate configurations. A reference configuration in the list of reference configurations is associated with a first index, and a LTM candidate configuration in the list of LTM candidate configurations is associated with a second index.
[0177] At block 920, in accordance with a determination that a cell switch to a target candidate cell associated with a first LTM candidate configuration is to be performed, the terminal device 110 may determine a first reference configuration from the list of reference configurations based on the second index associated with the first LTM candidate configuration.
[0178] In some embodiments, a value of the first index associated with the first reference configuration is the same as a value of the second index associated with the first LTM candidate configuration.
[0179] At block 930, the terminal device 110 may consider the first reference configuration as the current configuration.
[0180] At block 940, the terminal device 110 may apply the first LTM candidate configuration for the cell switch.
[0181] In some embodiments, the first LTM candidate configuration may be a LTM candidate configuration identified by a LTM candidate configuration identity received from lower layers of the terminal device. In some embodiments, the first LTM candidate configuration may be a LTM candidate configuration related to a LTM candidate configuration identity for the target candidate cell selected by a cell selection performed while a timer for RRC re-establishment is running.
[0182] With the method 900, multiple reference configurations may be supported for inter-CU LTM.
[0183] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 1000 of communication implemented at a network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 1000 may be performed at the network device 120 as shown in FIG. 1A. It is to be understood that the method 1000 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard. It is assumed that the terminal device 110 is served by the network device 120, and the network device 130 provides a candidate cell.
[0184] As shown in FIG. 10, at block 1010, the network device 120 may transmit, to the terminal device 110, a list of reference configurations and a list of LTM candidate configurations. A reference configuration in the list of reference configurations is associated with a first index, and a LTM candidate configuration in the list of LTM candidate configurations is associated with a second index.
[0185] In some embodiments, the network device 120 may transmit, to a further network device (e.g., the network device 130) , fourth information comprising at least one of the following: information of a set of reference configurations; an indication indicating that a second reference configuration other than the set of reference configurations is allowed or not allowed to be used; or a request for a third reference configuration.
[0186] In some embodiments, the network device 120 may receive, from the further network device, fifth information comprising at least one of the following: the second reference configuration; at least one LTM candidate configuration determined based on the second reference configuration; at least one LTM candidate configuration determined based on a fourth reference configuration in the set of reference configurations and the first index associated with the fourth reference configuration; or the third reference configuration.
[0187] With the method 1000, multiple reference configurations may be configured for inter-CU LTM.
[0188] FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of another example method 1100 of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 1100 may be performed at the terminal device 110 as shown in FIG. 1A. It is to be understood that the method 1100 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard. It is assumed that the terminal device 110 is served by the network device 120.
[0189] As shown in FIG. 11, at block 1110, the terminal device 110 may receive, from the network device 120, a set of parameters for random access comprising a CSI-RS index in a MAC CE indicating a cell switch to a candidate cell or in DCI triggering a random access procedure on the candidate cell.
[0190] In some embodiments, the set of parameters may further comprise at least one of the following: information of at least one random access occasion index; an indication of whether a reference signal for the random access is the CSI-RS or a SSB; or an indication indicating the candidate cell.
[0191] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may also receive, from the network device, a configuration for early uplink synchronization for the candidate cell, the configuration comprising at least one of the following: an uplink or downlink TDD configuration; time domain positions of SS blocks in an SS burst; a periodicity of a SSB; or a configuration of an unrestricted set or one of two types of restricted sets for a cyclic shift.
[0192] At block 1120, the terminal device 110 may select, based on the CSI-RS index, a CSI-RS during a random access resource selection in the random access procedure performed on the candidate cell.
[0193] In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that further DCI indicating the candidate cell and the CSI-RS is received, the terminal device 110 may increment a counter for preamble power ramping.
[0194] With the method 1100, a CSI-RS may be supported for early UL synchronization for better performance.
[0195] It is to be understood that operations of the methods 600 to 1100 correspond to that described with reference to FIGs. 2 to 5, and thus other details are not repeated here for conciseness.
[0196] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF DEVICES
[0197] FIG. 12 is a simplified block diagram of a device 1200 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 1200 can be considered as a further example implementation of the terminal device 110 or the network device 120 or 130 or a DU or CU of the network device 120 or 130 as shown in FIG. 1A. Accordingly, the device 1200 can be implemented at or as at least a part of the terminal device 120 or the network device 120 or 130 or a DU or CU of the network device 120 or 130.
[0198] As shown, the device 1200 includes a processor 1210, a memory 1220 coupled to the processor 1210, a suitable transceiver 1240 coupled to the processor 1210, and a communication interface coupled to the transceiver 1240. The memory 1210 stores at least a part of a program 1230. The transceiver 1240 may be for bidirectional communications or a unidirectional communication based on requirements. The transceiver 1240 may include at least one of a transmitter 1242 or a receiver 1244. The transmitter 1242 and the receiver 1244 may be functional modules or physical entities. The transceiver 1240 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication, though in practice an Access Node mentioned in this application may have several ones. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, such as X2 / Xn interface for bidirectional communications between eNBs / gNBs, S1 / NG interface for communication between a Mobility Management Entity (MME) / Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) / SGW / UPF and the eNB / gNB, Un interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a relay node (RN) , or Uu interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a terminal device.
[0199] The program 1230 is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated processor 1210, enable the device 1200 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed herein with reference to FIGs. 1A to 11. The embodiments herein may be implemented by computer software executable by the processor 1210 of the device 1200, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. The processor 1210 may be configured to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, a combination of the processor 1210 and memory 1220 may form processing means 1250 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0200] The memory 1220 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, semiconductor based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory, as non-limiting examples. While only one memory 1220 is shown in the device 1200, there may be several physically distinct memory modules in the device 1200. The processor 1210 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 1200 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0201] In some embodiments, a terminal device comprises a circuitry configured to: receive, from a network device, a MAC CE indicating a cell switch from a source cell to a target candidate cell, the MAC CE comprising first information of security key update and second information of integrity protection; perform an integrity protection verification based on the second information; and in accordance with a determination that the integrity protection verification is successful, perform a security key update based on the first information.
[0202] In some embodiments, a DU of a network device comprises a circuitry configured to:receive, from a CU of the network device, a first message comprising first information of security key update and a set of second information of integrity protection corresponding to a set of candidate cells allowing LTM; and transmit, to a terminal device, a MAC CE indicating a cell switch to a target candidate cell, the MAC CE comprising the first information and second information for the target candidate cell in the set of second information.
[0203] In some embodiments, a MN comprises a circuitry configured to: transmit, to a SN, an indication indicating that the SN is allowed or not allowed to configure an inter-SN LTM for a terminal device; or receive, from the SN, a request for allowing the SN to configure the inter-SN LTM for the terminal device.
[0204] In some embodiments, a terminal device comprises a circuitry configured to: receive, from a network device, a list of reference configurations and a list of LTM candidate configurations, a reference configuration in the list of reference configurations being associated with a first index, a LTM candidate configuration in the list of LTM candidate configurations being associated with a second index; in accordance with a determination that a cell switch to a target candidate cell associated with a first LTM candidate configuration is to be performed, determine a first reference configuration from the list of reference configurations based on the second index associated with the first LTM candidate configuration; consider the first reference configuration as the current configuration; and apply the first LTM candidate configuration for the cell switch.
[0205] In some embodiments, a network device comprises a circuitry configured to: transmit, to a terminal device, a list of reference configurations and a list of LTM candidate configurations, a reference configuration in the list of reference configurations being associated with a first index, a LTM candidate configuration in the list of LTM candidate configurations being associated with a second index.
[0206] In some embodiments, a terminal device comprises a circuitry configured to: receive, from a network device, a set of parameters for random access comprising a CSI-RS index in a MAC CE indicating a cell switch to a candidate cell or in DCI triggering a random access procedure on the candidate cell; and select, based on the CSI-RS index, a CSI-RS during a random access resource selection in the random access procedure performed on the candidate cell.
[0207] The term ‘circuitry’ used herein may refer to hardware circuits and / or combinations of hardware circuits and software. For example, the circuitry may be a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuits with software / firmware. As a further example, the circuitry may be any portions of hardware processors with software including digital signal processor (s) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a terminal device or a network device, to perform various functions.
[0208] In a still further example, the circuitry may be hardware circuits and or processors, such as a microprocessor or a portion of a microprocessor, that requires software / firmware for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. As used herein, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (s) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor (s) and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware.
[0209] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it will be appreciated that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0210] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the process or method as described above with reference to FIGs. 1A to 11. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0211] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0212] The above program code may be embodied on a machine readable medium, which may be any tangible medium that may contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine readable medium may be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium. A machine readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0213] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0214] Although the present disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A terminal device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the terminal device to:receive, from a network device, a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) indicating a cell switch from a source cell to a target candidate cell, the MAC CE comprising first information of security key update and second information of integrity protection;perform an integrity protection verification based on the second information; andin accordance with a determination that the integrity protection verification is successful, perform a security key update based on the first information.2.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is caused to perform the integrity protection verification by:indicating the second information from a medium access control (MAC) layer to an upper layer of the terminal device; andperforming, by the upper layer, the integrity protection verification based on the second information.3.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is caused to perform the integrity protection verification by:determining a message authentication code for integrity (MAC-I) ;in accordance with a determination that the MAC-I matches the second information, determining that the integrity protection verification is successful; andin accordance with a determination that the MAC-I mismatches the second information, determining that the integrity protection verification is unsuccessful.4.The terminal device of claim 3, wherein the terminal device is caused to determine the MAC-I by:setting bits of a set of parameters to a first value; anddetermining the MAC-I based on a security key and an integrity protection algorithm of the source cell, the set of parameters, and at least one of an identity of the source cell, an identity of the target candidate cell, or an identity of the terminal device in the source cell.5.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:in accordance with a determination that the integrity protection verification is successful, perform a procedure of an execution of the cell switch.6.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:in accordance with a determination that the integrity protection verification is unsuccessful, perform an operation comprising at least one of the following:performing no procedure of security key update;performing no procedure of an execution of the cell switch;ending the procedure of the execution of the cell switch;indicating, from an upper layer to a medium access control (MAC) layer, that a procedure of handling the MAC CE is not applied; orinitiating a radio resource control (RRC) reestablishment procedure.7.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the first information comprises at least one of a key set change indicator, next hop chaining count (NCC) , or a security key counter, andwherein the second information comprises a shorted message authentication code for integrity (MAC-I) .8.A distributed unit (DU) of a network device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the DU to:receive, from a central unit (CU) of the network device, a first message comprising first information of security key update and a set of second information of integrity protection corresponding to a set of candidate cells allowing layer 1 or layer 2 triggered mobility (LTM) ; andtransmit, to a terminal device, a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) indicating a cell switch to a target candidate cell, the MAC CE comprising the first information and second information for the target candidate cell in the set of second information.9.The DU of claim 8, wherein the set of candidate cells comprises only the target candidate cell, and wherein the DU is caused to receive the first message by:transmitting, to the CU, a second message indicating that the cell switch to the target candidate cell is to be triggered; andreceiving the first message transmitted by the CU upon reception of the second message.10.The DU of claim 8, wherein the DU is further caused to:determine, from the set of second information, second information for the target candidate cell.11.The DU of claim 8, wherein the DU is further caused to:receive, from the CU, a set of third information of security key update corresponding to the set of candidate cells, third information corresponding to a candidate cell in the set of third information comprising at least one of the following:an indication indicating that security key update is needed or not needed for a cell switch to the candidate cell;an indication indicating that the candidate cell belongs or not belongs to the CU;ora cell identity (ID) associated with the candidate cell, the cell ID being used to determine whether the security key update is needed for the cell switch to the candidate cell.12.A master node (MN) , comprising:a processor configured to cause the MN to:transmit, to a secondary node (SN) , an indication indicating that the SN is allowed or not allowed to configure an inter-SN layer 1 or layer 2 triggered mobility (LTM) for a terminal device; orreceive, from the SN, a request for allowing the SN to configure the inter-SN LTM for the terminal device.13.A terminal device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the terminal device to:receive, from a network device, a list of reference configurations and a list of layer 1 or layer 2 triggered mobility (LTM) candidate configurations, a reference configuration in the list of reference configurations being associated with a first index, a LTM candidate configuration in the list of LTM candidate configurations being associated with a second index;in accordance with a determination that a cell switch to a target candidate cell associated with a first LTM candidate configuration is to be performed, determine a first reference configuration from the list of reference configurations based on the second index associated with the first LTM candidate configuration;consider the first reference configuration as the current configuration; andapply the first LTM candidate configuration for the cell switch.14.The terminal device of claim 13, wherein a value of the first index associated with the first reference configuration is the same as a value of the second index associated with the first LTM candidate configuration.15.The terminal device of claim 13, wherein the first LTM candidate configuration is a LTM candidate configuration identified by a LTM candidate configuration identity received from lower layers of the terminal device, orwherein the first LTM candidate configuration is a LTM candidate configuration related to a LTM candidate configuration identity for the target candidate cell selected by a cell selection performed while a timer for radio resource control (RRC) re-establishment is running.16.A network device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the network device to:transmit, to a terminal device, a list of reference configurations and a list of layer 1 or layer 2 triggered mobility (LTM) candidate configurations, a reference configuration in the list of reference configurations being associated with a first index, a LTM candidate configuration in the list of LTM candidate configurations being associated with a second index.17.The network device of claim 16, wherein the network device is further caused to:transmit, to a further network device, fourth information comprising at least one of the following:information of a set of reference configurations;an indication indicating that a second reference configuration other than the set of reference configurations is allowed or not allowed to be used; ora request for a third reference configuration.18.The network device of claim 17, wherein the network device is further caused to:receive, from the further network device, fifth information comprising at least one of the following:the second reference configuration;at least one LTM candidate configuration determined based on the second reference configuration;at least one LTM candidate configuration determined based on a fourth reference configuration in the set of reference configurations and the first index associated with the fourth reference configuration; orthe third reference configuration.19.A terminal device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the terminal device to:receive, from a network device, a set of parameters for random access comprising a channel status information reference signal (CSI-RS) index in a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) indicating a cell switch to a candidate cell or in downlink control information (DCI) triggering a random access procedure on the candidate cell; andselect, based on the CSI-RS index, a CSI-RS during a random access resource selection in the random access procedure performed on the candidate cell.20.The terminal device of claim 19, wherein the set of parameters further comprises at least one of the following:information of at least one random access occasion index;an indication of whether a reference signal for the random access is the CSI-RS or a synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB) ; oran indication indicating the candidate cell.21.The terminal device of claim 19, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:in accordance with a determination that further DCI indicating the candidate cell and the CSI-RS is received, increment a counter for preamble power ramping.22.The terminal device of claim 19, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:receive, from the network device, a configuration for early uplink synchronization for the candidate cell, the configuration comprising at least one of the following:an uplink or downlink time-division duplexing (TDD) configuration;time domain positions of synchronization signal (SS) blocks in an SS burst;a periodicity of a synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB) ; ora configuration of an unrestricted set or one of two types of restricted sets for a cyclic shift.23.A method of communication comprising:receiving, at a terminal device and from a network device, a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) indicating a cell switch from a source cell to a target candidate cell, the MAC CE comprising first information of security key update and second information of integrity protection;performing an integrity protection verification based on the second information; andin accordance with a determination that the integrity protection verification is successful, performing a security key update based on the first information.24.A method of communication comprising:receiving, at a distributed unit (DU) of a network device and from a central unit (CU) of the network device, a first message comprising first information of security key update and a set of second information of integrity protection corresponding to a set of candidate cells allowing layer 1 or layer 2 triggered mobility (LTM) ; andtransmitting, to a terminal device, a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) indicating a cell switch to a target candidate cell, the MAC CE comprising the first information and second information for the target candidate cell in the set of second information.25.A method of communication comprising:transmitting, at a master node (MN) and to a secondary node (SN) , an indication indicating that the SN is allowed or not allowed to configure an inter-SN layer 1 or layer 2 triggered mobility (LTM) for a terminal device; orreceiving, from the SN, a request for allowing the SN to configure the inter-SN LTM for the terminal device.26.A method of communication comprising:receiving, at a terminal device and from a network device, a list of reference configurations and a list of layer 1 or layer 2 triggered mobility (LTM) candidate configurations, a reference configuration in the list of reference configurations being associated with a first index, a LTM candidate configuration in the list of LTM candidate configurations being associated with a second index;in accordance with a determination that a cell switch to a target candidate cell associated with a first LTM candidate configuration is to be performed, determining a first reference configuration from the list of reference configurations based on the second index associated with the first LTM candidate configuration;considering the first reference configuration as the current configuration; andapplying the first LTM candidate configuration for the cell switch.27.A method of communication comprising:transmitting, at a network device and to a terminal device, a list of reference configurations and a list of layer 1 or layer 2 triggered mobility (LTM) candidate configurations, a reference configuration in the list of reference configurations being associated with a first index, a LTM candidate configuration in the list of LTM candidate configurations being associated with a second index.28.A method of communication comprising:receiving, at a terminal device and from a network device, a set of parameters for random access comprising a channel status information reference signal (CSI-RS) index in a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) indicating a cell switch to a candidate cell or in downlink control information (DCI) triggering a random access procedure on the candidate cell; andselecting, based on the CSI-RS index, a CSI-RS during a random access resource selection in the random access procedure performed on the candidate cell.
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