Wireless communication method and apparatuses
The wireless communication method for AMP IoT STAs addresses inefficiencies in random access by spreading slots across TXOPs, ensuring synchronization and reducing collisions, thereby enhancing reliability and efficiency in IoT device communication.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/101467
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-02
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication technologies for Ambient Power-enabled IoT devices (AMP IoT STAs) face challenges in managing random access sessions efficiently, particularly due to hardware limitations and the need to minimize power consumption, leading to increased collisions and reduced channel bandwidth usage.
A wireless communication method that spreads random access slots across multiple transmission opportunities (TXOPs), using frames to indicate session slots and retransmissions, ensuring synchronization and orderliness, accommodating devices with varying capabilities, and reducing collisions through targeted group communication.
Enhances the reliability and efficiency of random access sessions by minimizing collisions, optimizing channel usage, and conserving power and bandwidth, while supporting a wide range of IoT devices with different capabilities.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024101467_02012026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION METHOD AND APPARATUSESTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of wireless communication technologies, and in particular, to a wireless communication method and an apparatus, a device, a system and a storage medium.BACKGROUND
[0002] Ambient Power (AMP) is an emerging technology within the IEEE 802.11 working group, focusing on integrating Ambient Power communication into IEEE 802.11 networks. The primary goal of AMP is to cater to the needs of Ambient Power-enabled Wi-Fi IoT devices, known as AMP IoT (Internet Of Things) STAs (stationary terminals) . These devices are designed to utilize energy harvesting technologies to significantly extend their battery life. The energy harvesting methods being explored include radio frequency (RF) power harvesting (or backscattering) , light-based power harvesting, motion-based power harvesting, and others. Due to hardware limitations and the requirement to minimize power consumption, AMP IoT STAs are expected to operate at a much lower channel bandwidth compared to traditional 802.11 STAs.
[0003] This background information is provided to reveal information believed by the applicant to be of possible relevance to the present disclosure. No admission is necessarily intended, nor should be construed, that any of the preceding information constitutes prior art against the present disclosure.SUMMARY
[0004] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a wireless communication method applied to a receiving node, including:
[0005] receiving a first frame from a transmitting node, where the first frame indicates a random access session and at least one first slot associated with the random access session following the first frame;
[0006] transmitting a first response according to the first frame.
[0007] According to the wireless communication method of the present disclosure, the random access slots can spread across multiple transmission opportunities (TXOPs) to reduce collisions. The indication of a random access session and the at least one first slot associated with the random access session following the first frame can help in synchronizing the communication between nodes, which may maintain the integrity and orderliness of data exchange. In addition, the method can accommodate nodes with different capabilities, including those without carrier sensing abilities, making it versatile for use with a wide range of devices in an IoT environment.
[0008] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the transmitting a first response according to the first frame includes:
[0009] when the first frame indicates that the receiving node is eligible to perform an initial transmission of the first response corresponding to the first frame and one of the at least one first slot is determined by the receiving node to be used for transmitting the first response, transmitting the first response in the one of the at least one first slot.
[0010] By clearly specifying eligibility, the transmitting node can effectively manage the random access session and ensure that the receiving node know when and whether it can transmit its response.
[0011] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the determination of the one of the at least one first slot includes determining the one of the at least one first slot based on a total number of slots available for the initial transmission. By selecting a slot based on the total number of slots available for the initial transmission, each receiving node could have a fair choice to participate in the random access session, and efficient use of the communication channel can be achieved.
[0012] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the method further includes:
[0013] receiving a second frame from the transmitting node, where the second frame indicates the random access session, at least one second slot for which retransmission is requested, and at least one third slot following the second frame and available for performing the retransmission.
[0014] When the transmitting node detects failed reception (e.g., due to collisions, or other interference) in one or more slots of a random access session, the transmitting node can initiate a selective random access retransmission procedure by transmitting a second frame, in this way, the reliability of the random access session is ensured.
[0015] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the second frame further indicates whether the retransmission is requested for the first frame or a previous second frame;
[0016] where the method further includes:
[0017] when the second frame indicates that the retransmission is requested for the first frame and an initial transmission slot in which the initial transmission of the first response occurs matches with one of the at least one second slot, transmitting the first response in one of the at least one third slot; or,
[0018] when the second frame indicates that the retransmission is requested for the previous second frame and a retransmission slot in which retransmission of the first response requested by the previous second frame occurs matches with one of the at least one second slot, transmitting the first response in one of the at least one third slot.
[0019] In this way, a structured approach can be provided to handle retransmission within a random access session, which can allow for efficient use of available time slots and clear guidance for responding nodes on when and where to transmit their responses.
[0020] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the method further includes:
[0021] receiving a third frame from the transmitting node, where the third frame indicates the random access session and at least one fourth slot associated with the random access session following the third frame; where the third frame further indicates whether the at least one fourth slot is a continuation of the at least one first slot indicated by the first frame or at least one third slot indicated by a second frame for requesting retransmission of the first response.
[0022] In this way, the transmitting node can continue the random access session in as many TXOP as needed to ensure that all random access slots of the random access session are allocated.
[0023] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the method further includes:
[0024] when the third frame indicates that the at least one fourth slot is the continuation of the at least one first slot indicated by the first frame, performing the initial transmission of the first response in one of the at least one fourth slot, or, retransmitting the first response in one of the at least one fourth slot.
[0025] When using the third frame for initial transmission, more transmission opportunities could be provided to the receiving node. When using the third frame for retransmission, the reliability of data transmission can be enhanced and the chances of successful delivery can be increased, and the retransmission with the third frame is simple since that would be achieved by sending the same third frame again, so the transmitting node no longer needs to prepare another frame for triggering the retransmission, this can contribute to meeting specific Quality of Service requirements, such as latency, as well as power saving.
[0026] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the method further includes:
[0027] when the third frame indicates that the at least one fourth slot is the continuation of the at least one third slot indicated by the second frame, retransmitting the first response in one of the at least one fourth slot.
[0028] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the second frame carries a second grouping identifier field indicating a group targeted by the random access session. By targeting a specific group, the likelihood of collisions can be reduced, as only STAs within the specified group will attempt to respond during the allocated time slots. In this way, unnecessary transmissions from STAs that are not part of the targeted group can be reduced, thus conserving power and bandwidth. Besides, the flexibility of the random access is improved since the transmitting node can control the responders.
[0029] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the second frame carries a second session identifier field indicating an identification of the random access session. The second session identifier can ensure that all transmissions related to the random access session are clearly linked and sequential.
[0030] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the at least one third slot includes multiple third slots, and the second frame carries a second slot range field indicating at least one of a starting slot index or an ending slot index of the multiple third slots. In this way, orderly session management and clear directives for the responding nodes on when and how to proceed with their transmissions within the established random access session can be ensured.
[0031] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the second frame carries a retransmission size field indicating a total number of slots available for the retransmission.
[0032] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the second frame carries a second frame type field indicating that the second frame is a frame for requesting the retransmission. By including the second frame type field in the second frame, the receiving node can clearly understand the transmission requirement.
[0033] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, when the at least one first slot includes one first slot and the at least one third slot indicated by the second frame includes one third slot, a fixed duration is set for the transmitting node as a time for waiting any response from any receiving node, and a subsequent frame is transmitted by the transmitting node when the fixed duration expires. A simplified version of the random access procedure (single slot mode) is provided for devices, especially for devices susceptible to timing drifts or with limited capabilities, which can ensure that these devices can still effectively participate in network communication. Besides, by setting a fixed duration, the transmitting node can be ensured not to indefinitely wait for a response, thus allowing for more efficient use of network resources. Knowing when to expect a response helps the transmitting node avoid potential collisions by scheduling subsequent transmissions appropriately.
[0034] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the third frame carries a random access type field indicating whether the random access session is a slot-based random access session. In this way, complexity for the receiving node can be reduced since it can quickly distinguish the third frame, and it can implement a single, well-defined access method.
[0035] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the third frame carries a third grouping identifier field indicating a group targeted by the random access session. By indicating a targeted group, the third frame may allow for more selective communication within the network, which directs the session towards a particular subset of STAs.
[0036] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the third frame carries a third session identifier field indicating an identification of the random access session.
[0037] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the at least one fourth slot includes multiple fourth slots, and the third frame carries a third slot range field indicating at least one of a starting slot index or an ending slot index of the multiple fourth slots. By knowing the range of available fourth slots, receiving nodes can decide which slot to use for their retransmissions, ensuring that they transmit within the correct time frame.
[0038] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the third frame carries a third frame type field indicating that the third frame is a subsequent frame for the first frame or the second frame.
[0039] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the first frame carries a random access type field indicating whether the random access session is a slot-based random access session. In this way, complexity for the receiving node can be reduced since it can quickly distinguish the first frame, as it can implement a single, well-defined access method.
[0040] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the first frame carries a first grouping identifier field indicating a group targeted by the random access session.
[0041] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the first frame carries a first session identifier field indicating an identification of the random access session.
[0042] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the at least one first slot includes multiple first slots, and the first frame carries a first slot range field indicating at least one of a starting slot index or an ending slot index of the multiple first slots.
[0043] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the first frame carries one or more of the following fields:
[0044] a slot duration field indicating a duration of each of the at least one first slot;
[0045] a response type field indicating a type of the first response;
[0046] an initial transmission size field indicating a total number of slots available for the initial transmission.
[0047] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the first frame carries a first frame type field indicating that the first frame is an initial frame for initiating the random access session.
[0048] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, a length field in a SIG field of the first frame indicates a duration covering an ending of the at least one first slot. The risk of channel hijacking can be mitigated by using the length field in a SIG field of the first frame.
[0049] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, a length field in a SIG field of the second frame indicates a duration covering an ending of the at least one third slot. The risk of channel hijacking can be mitigated by using the length field in a SIG field of the second frame.
[0050] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, a length field in a SIG field of the third frame indicates a duration covering an ending of the at least one fourth slot. The risk of channel hijacking can be mitigated by using the length field in a SIG field of the third frame.
[0051] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the first frame and the at least one first slot, the second frame and the at least one third slot, the third frame and the at least one fourth slot are in one or more TXOPs obtained by the transmitting node.
[0052] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the method further includes obtaining the one or more TXOPs.
[0053] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a wireless communication method applied to a transmitting node, including:
[0054] transmitting a first frame, where the first frame indicates a random access session and at least one first slot associated with the random access session following the first frame;
[0055] receiving a first response from a receiving node, where the first response is transmitted by the receiving node according to the first frame.
[0056] According to the wireless communication method of the present disclosure, the random access slots can spread across multiple transmission opportunities (TXOPs) to reduce collisions. The indication of a random access session and the at least one first slot associated with the random access session following the first frame can help in synchronizing the communication between nodes, which may maintain the integrity and orderliness of data exchange. In addition, the method can accommodate nodes with different capabilities, including those without carrier sensing abilities, making it versatile for use with a wide range of devices in an IoT environment.
[0057] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the receiving a first response transmitted by a receiving node comprises:
[0058] when the first frame indicates that the receiving node is eligible to perform an initial transmission of the first response corresponding to the first frame, receiving the first response in one of the at least one first slot, where the one of the at least one first slot is determined by the receiving node for transmitting the first response.
[0059] By clearly specifying eligibility, the transmitting node can effectively manage the random access session and ensure that the receiving node know when and whether it can transmit its response.
[0060] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the method further includes:
[0061] transmitting a second frame to the receiving node, where the second frame indicates the random access session, at least one second slot for which retransmission is requested and at least one third slot following the second frame and available for performing the retransmission.
[0062] When the transmitting node detects failed reception (e.g., due to collisions, or other interference) in one or more slots of a random access session, the transmitting node can initiate a selective random access retransmission procedure by transmitting a second frame, in this way, the reliability of the random access session is ensured.
[0063] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the method further includes:
[0064] transmitting a third frame to the receiving node, where the third frame indicates the random access session and at least one fourth slot associated with the random access session following the third frame; where the third frame further indicates whether the at least one fourth slot is a continuation of the at least one first slot indicated by the first frame or at least one third slot indicated by a second frame for requesting retransmission of the first response.
[0065] In this way, the transmitting node can continue the random access session in as many TXOPs as needed to ensure that all random access slots of the random access session are allocated.
[0066] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the second frame carries a second grouping identifier field indicating a group targeted by the random access session. By targeting a specific group, the likelihood of collisions can be reduced, as only STAs within the specified group will attempt to respond during the allocated time slots. In this way, unnecessary transmissions from STAs that are not part of the targeted group can be reduced, thus conserving power and bandwidth.
[0067] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the second frame carries a second session identifier field indicating an identification of the random access session. The second session identifier can ensure that all transmissions related to the random access session are clearly linked and sequential.
[0068] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the at least one third slot includes multiple third slots, and the second frame carries a second slot range field indicating at least one of a starting slot index or an ending slot index of the multiple third slots. In this way, orderly session management and clear directives for the responding nodes on when and how to proceed with their transmissions within the established random access session can be ensured.
[0069] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the second frame carries a retransmission size field indicating a total number of slots available for the retransmission.
[0070] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the second frame carries a second frame type field indicating that the second frame is a frame for requesting the retransmission. By including the second frame type field in the second frame, the receiving node can clearly understand the transmission requirement.
[0071] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, when the at least one first slot includes one first slot and the at least one third slot indicated by the second frame includes one third slot, a fixed duration is set for the transmitting node as a time for waiting any response from any receiving node, and a subsequent frame is transmitted by the transmitting node when the fixed duration expires. A simplified version of the random access procedure (single slot mode) is provided for devices, especially for devices susceptible to timing drifts or with limited capabilities, which can ensure that these devices can still effectively participate in network communication. Besides, by setting a fixed duration, the transmitting node can be ensured not to indefinitely wait for a response, thus allowing for more efficient use of network resources. Knowing when to expect a response helps the transmitting node avoid potential collisions by scheduling subsequent transmissions appropriately.
[0072] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the third frame carries a random access type field indicating whether the random access session is a slot-based random access session. In this way, complexity for the receiving node can be reduced since it can quickly distinguish the third frame, and it can implement a single, well-defined access method.
[0073] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the third frame carries a third grouping identifier field indicating a group targeted by the random access session. By indicating a targeted group, the third frame may allow for more selective communication within the network, which directs the session towards a particular subset of STAs.
[0074] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the third frame carries a third session identifier field indicating an identification of the random access session.
[0075] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the at least one fourth slot includes multiple fourth slots, and the third frame carries a third slot range field indicating at least one of a starting slot index or an ending slot index of the multiple fourth slots. By knowing the range of available fourth slots, receiving nodes can decide which slot to use for their retransmissions, ensuring that they transmit within the correct time frame.
[0076] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the third frame carries a third frame type field indicating that the third frame is a subsequent frame for the first frame or the second frame.
[0077] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the first frame carries a random access type field indicating whether the random access session is a slot-based random access session. In this way, complexity for the receiving node can be reduced since it can quickly distinguish the first frame, as it can implement a single, well-defined access method.
[0078] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the first frame carries a first grouping identifier field indicating a group targeted by the random access session.
[0079] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the first frame carries a first session identifier field indicating an identification of the random access session.
[0080] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the at least one first slot includes multiple first slots, and the first frame carries a first slot range field indicating at least one of a starting slot index or an ending slot index of the multiple first slots.
[0081] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the first frame carries one or more of the following fields:
[0082] a slot duration field indicating a duration of each of the at least one first slot;
[0083] a response type field indicating a type of the first response;
[0084] an initial transmission size field indicating a total number of slots available for the initial transmission.
[0085] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the first frame carries a first frame type field indicating that the first frame is an initial frame for initiating the random access session.
[0086] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, a length field in a SIG field of the first frame indicates a duration covering an ending of the at least one first slot. The risk of channel hijacking can be mitigated by using the length field in a SIG field of the first frame.
[0087] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, a length field in a SIG field of the second frame indicates a duration covering an ending of the at least one third slot. The risk of channel hijacking can be mitigated by using the length field in a SIG field of the second frame.
[0088] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, a length field in a SIG field of the third frame indicates a duration covering an ending of the at least one fourth slot. The risk of channel hijacking can be mitigated by using the length field in a SIG field of the third frame.
[0089] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a wireless communication apparatus, including:
[0090] a receiving module, configured to receive a first frame from a transmitting node, where the first frame indicates a random access session and at least one first slot associated with the random access session following the first frame;
[0091] a transmitting module, configured to transmit a first response according to the first frame.
[0092] For specific implementations of the third aspect, reference may be made to the first aspect or any possible implementation in the first aspect, which will not be repeated herein for brevity. In these specific implementations of the third aspect, other modules may be included if necessary.
[0093] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a wireless communication apparatus, including:
[0094] a transmitting module, configured to transmit a first frame, where the first frame indicates a random access session and at least one first slot associated with the random access session following the first frame;
[0095] a receiving module, configured to receive a first response from a receiving node, where the first response is transmitted by the receiving node according to the first frame.
[0096] For specific implementations of the fourth aspect, reference may be made to the second aspect or any possible implementation in the second aspect, which will not be repeated herein for brevity. In these specific implementations of the third aspect, other modules may be included if necessary.
[0097] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an electronic device including a processor coupled with a memory, where the memory stores a computer executable instruction, and the processor executes the computer executable instruction in the memory to:
[0098] control an input interface to receive a first frame from a transmitting node, where the first frame indicates a random access session and at least one first slot associated with the random access session following the first frame;
[0099] control an output interface to transmit a first response according to the first frame.
[0100] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the processor is configured to:
[0101] when the first frame indicates that the receiving node is eligible to perform an initial transmission of the first response corresponding to the first frame and one of the at least one first slot is determined by the receiving node to be used for transmitting the first response, control the output interface to transmit the first response in the one of the at least one first slot.
[0102] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the determination of the one of the at least one first slot includes determining the one of the at least one first slot based on a total number of slots available for the initial transmission.
[0103] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the processor is further configured to:
[0104] control the input interface to receive a second frame from the transmitting node, where the second frame indicates the random access session, at least one second slot for which retransmission is requested, and at least one third slot following the second frame and available for performing the retransmission.
[0105] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the second frame further indicates whether the retransmission is requested for the first frame or a previous second frame;
[0106] the processor is further configured to:
[0107] when the second frame indicates that the retransmission is requested for the first frame and an initial transmission slot in which the initial transmission of the first response occurs matches with one of the at least one second slot, control the output interface to transmit the first response in one of the at least one third slot; or,
[0108] when the second frame indicates that the retransmission is requested for the previous second frame and a retransmission slot in which retransmission of the first response requested by the previous second frame occurs matches with one of the at least one second slot, control the output interface to transmit the first response in one of the at least one third slot, where the one of the at least one third slot is different from the retransmission slot.
[0109] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the method further includes:
[0110] control the input interface to receive a third frame from the transmitting node, where the third frame indicates the random access session and at least one fourth slot associated with the random access session following the third frame; where the third frame further indicates whether the at least one fourth slot is a continuation of the at least one first slot indicated by the first frame or at least one third slot indicated by a second frame for requesting retransmission of the first response.
[0111] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the processor is further configured to:
[0112] when the third frame indicates that the at least one fourth slot is the continuation of the at least one first slot indicated by the first frame, perform the initial transmission of the first response in one of the at least one fourth slot, or, control the output interface to retransmit the first response in one of the at least one fourth slot.
[0113] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the processor is further configured to:
[0114] when the third frame indicates that the at least one fourth slot is the continuation of the at least one third slot indicated by the second frame, control the output interface to retransmit the first response in one of the at least one fourth slot.
[0115] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the second frame carries a second grouping identifier field indicating a group targeted by the random access session.
[0116] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the second frame carries a second session identifier field indicating an identification of the random access session.
[0117] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the at least one third slot includes multiple third slots, and the second frame carries a second slot range field indicating at least one of a starting slot index or an ending slot index of the multiple third slots.
[0118] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the second frame carries a retransmission size field indicating a total number of slots available for the retransmission.
[0119] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the second frame carries a second frame type field indicating that the second frame is a frame for requesting the retransmission.
[0120] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, when the at least one first slot includes one first slot and the at least one third slot indicated by the second frame includes one third slot, a fixed duration is set for the transmitting node as a time for waiting any response from any receiving node, and a subsequent frame is transmitted by the transmitting node when the fixed duration expires.
[0121] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the third frame carries a random access type field indicating whether the random access session is a slot-based random access session.
[0122] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the third frame carries a third grouping identifier field indicating a group targeted by the random access session.
[0123] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the third frame carries a third session identifier field indicating an identification of the random access session.
[0124] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the at least one fourth slot includes multiple fourth slots, and the third frame carries a third slot range field indicating at least one of a starting slot index or an ending slot index of the multiple fourth slots.
[0125] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the third frame carries a third frame type field indicating that the third frame is a subsequent frame for the first frame or the second frame.
[0126] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the first frame carries a random access type field indicating whether the random access session is a slot-based random access session.
[0127] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the first frame carries a first grouping identifier field indicating a group targeted by the random access session.
[0128] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the first frame carries a first session identifier field indicating an identification of the random access session.
[0129] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the at least one first slot includes multiple first slots, and the first frame carries a first slot range field indicating at least one of a starting slot index or an ending slot index of the multiple first slots.
[0130] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the first frame carries one or more of the following fields:
[0131] a slot duration field indicating a duration of each of the at least one first slot;
[0132] a response type field indicating a type of the first response;
[0133] an initial transmission size field indicating a total number of slots available for the initial transmission.
[0134] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the first frame carries a first frame type field indicating that the first frame is an initial frame for initiating the random access session.
[0135] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, a length field in a SIG field of the first frame indicates a duration covering an ending of the at least one first slot.
[0136] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, a length field in a SIG field of the second frame indicates a duration covering an ending of the at least one third slot.
[0137] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, a length field in a SIG field of the third frame indicates a duration covering an ending of the at least one fourth slot.
[0138] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the first frame and the at least one first slot, the second frame and the at least one third slot, the third frame and the at least one fourth slot are in one or more TXOPs obtained by the transmitting node.
[0139] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the method further includes obtaining the one or more TXOPs.
[0140] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the electronic device further includes the memory.
[0141] In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an electronic device including a processor coupled with a memory, where the memory stores a computer executable instruction, and the processor executes the computer executable instruction in the memory to:
[0142] control an output interface to transmit a first frame, where the first frame indicates a random access session and at least one first slot associated with the random access session following the first frame;
[0143] control an input interface to receive a first response from a receiving node, where the first response is transmitted by the receiving node according to the first frame.
[0144] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the processor is configured to:
[0145] when the first frame indicates that the receiving node is eligible to perform an initial transmission of the first response corresponding to the first frame, control the input interface to receive the first response in one of the at least one first slot, where the one of the at least one first slot is determined by the receiving node for transmitting the first response.
[0146] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the processor is further configured to:
[0147] control the output interface to transmit a second frame to the receiving node, where the second frame indicates the random access session, at least one second slot for which retransmission is requested and at least one third slot following the second frame and available for performing the retransmission.
[0148] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the processor is further configured to:
[0149] control the output interface to transmit a third frame to the receiving node, where the third frame indicates the random access session and at least one fourth slot associated with the random access session following the third frame; where the third frame further indicates whether the at least one fourth slot is a continuation of the at least one first slot indicated by the first frame or at least one third slot indicated by a second frame for requesting retransmission of the first response.
[0150] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the second frame carries a second grouping identifier field indicating a group targeted by the random access session.
[0151] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the second frame carries a second session identifier field indicating an identification of the random access session.
[0152] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the at least one third slot includes multiple third slots, and the second frame carries a second slot range field indicating at least one of a starting slot index or an ending slot index of the multiple third slots.
[0153] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the second frame carries a retransmission size field indicating a total number of slots available for the retransmission.
[0154] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the second frame carries a second frame type field indicating that the second frame is a frame for requesting the retransmission.
[0155] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, when the at least one first slot includes one first slot and the at least one third slot indicated by the second frame includes one third slot, a fixed duration is set for the transmitting node as a time for waiting any response from any receiving node, and a subsequent frame is transmitted by the transmitting node when the fixed duration expires.
[0156] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the third frame carries a random access type field indicating whether the random access session is a slot-based random access session.
[0157] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the third frame carries a third grouping identifier field indicating a group targeted by the random access session.
[0158] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the third frame carries a third session identifier field indicating an identification of the random access session.
[0159] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the at least one fourth slot includes multiple fourth slots, and the third frame carries a third slot range field indicating at least one of a starting slot index or an ending slot index of the multiple fourth slots.
[0160] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the third frame carries a third frame type field indicating that the third frame is a subsequent frame for the first frame or the second frame.
[0161] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the first frame carries a random access type field indicating whether the random access session is a slot-based random access session.
[0162] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the first frame carries a first grouping identifier field indicating a group targeted by the random access session.
[0163] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the first frame carries a first session identifier field indicating an identification of the random access session.
[0164] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the at least one first slot includes multiple first slots, and the first frame carries a first slot range field indicating at least one of a starting slot index or an ending slot index of the multiple first slots.
[0165] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the first frame carries one or more of the following fields:
[0166] a slot duration field indicating a duration of each of the at least one first slot;
[0167] a response type field indicating a type of the first response;
[0168] an initial transmission size field indicating a total number of slots available for the initial transmission.
[0169] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the first frame carries a first frame type field indicating that the first frame is an initial frame for initiating the random access session.
[0170] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, a length field in a SIG field of the first frame indicates a duration covering an ending of the at least one first slot.
[0171] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, a length field in a SIG field of the second frame indicates a duration covering an ending of the at least one third slot.
[0172] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, a length field in a SIG field of the third frame indicates a duration covering an ending of the at least one fourth slot.
[0173] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the electronic device further includes the memory.
[0174] In a seventh aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an electronic device including processing circuitry for performing the method according to the first aspect or any possible implementation in the first aspect, or the wireless communication method according to the second aspect or any possible implementation in the second aspect.
[0175] In an eighth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a computer-readable medium storing computer execution instructions which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to execute the method according to the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, or the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect.
[0176] In a ninth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a computer program product including computer execution instructions which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to execute the method according to the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, or the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect.
[0177] In a tenth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a computer program, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to execute the method according to the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, or the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect.
[0178] In an eleventh aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a chip, including an input / output (I / O) interface and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to enable a device installing with the chip to execute the wireless communication method according to the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, or the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0179] Reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings which show example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0180] FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an application scenario according to an embodiment of the present application.
[0181] FIG. 2A shows a schematic flowchart of a wireless communication method according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0182] FIG. 2B shows an example of an AMP frame according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0183] FIG. 3 shows an example of a random access procedure according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0184] FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of an example of an AMP Poll frame according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0185] FIG. 5 shows an example of a random access procedure including retransmission according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0186] FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of an example of an AMP ReTx-Poll frame according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0187] FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of an example of an AMP Re-Poll frame according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0188] FIG. 8 shows an example of a random access procedure according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0189] FIG. 9 shows an example of implementation of a time slot based random access procedure according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0190] FIG. 10 shows a schematic diagram of processing an AMP Poll frame according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0191] FIG. 11 shows an example of processing an AMP ReTx-Poll frame according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0192] FIG. 12A and FIG. 12B show an example of processing an AMP Re-Poll frame according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0193] FIG. 13 shows an example of a random access procedure which involves retransmission according to one or more embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0194] FIG. 14 shows an example of a random access procedure which involves retransmission according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0195] FIG. 15A and FIG. 15B show examples of PHY protocol data unit (PPDU) formats in different frequency bands according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0196] FIG. 15C shows an example of an AMP downlink (DL) PPDU that carries an AMP frame for backscattering AMP STAs according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0197] FIG. 16 shows an example state machine that may be implemented by a receiving node according to one or more embodiments.
[0198] FIG. 17 shows an example of a random access session according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0199] FIG. 18 shows a format of an AMP Poll frame according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0200] FIG. 19 shows a format of an AMP Re-Poll frame according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0201] FIG. 20 shows a format of an AMP ReTx-Poll frame according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0202] FIG. 21 shows an example of the random access procedure in FIG. 9 operating in a single slot mode according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0203] FIG. 22 shows an example of the random access procedure in FIG. 13 operating in a single slot mode according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0204] FIG. 23 shows an example of the random access procedure in FIG. 14 operating in a single slot mode according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0205] FIG. 24 shows a schematic structural diagram of a wireless communication apparatus according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0206] FIG. 25 shows a schematic structural diagram of a wireless communication apparatus according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0207] FIG. 26 shows a structural diagram of an electronic device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0208] FIG. 27 shows a structural diagram of another electronic device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0209] In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying figures, which form part of the present disclosure, and which show, by way of illustration, specific aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure or specific aspects in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be used. It is understood that embodiments of the present disclosure may be used in other aspects and include structural or logical changes not depicted in the figures. The following detailed description, therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims.
[0210] The technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied to wireless local area network (WLAN) systems, such as Wi-Fi systems, etc. The technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied to a series of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 protocols, e.g., the 802.11a / b / g protocol, the 802.11n protocol, the 802.11ac protocol, the 802.11ax protocol, the 802.11be protocol, or a next-generation protocol, which is not limited here. The technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure may also be applied to the wireless personal area network (WPAN) based on the millimeter wave (MMW) and ultra wideband (UWB) technologies, e.g., the 802.15.4z protocol, the 802.15.4ab protocol etc. The technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure may also be applied to communication systems such as Internet of Things (IoT) systems, vehicle to everything (V2X, X may represent anything) systems, device to device (D2D) systems, narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) systems, long term evolution (LTE) systems, the fifth generation (5G) communication system, or other communication systems in future. For example, the V2X system may include: vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication, vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communication, vehicle to pedestrian (V2P) communication, or vehicle to network (V2N) communication, etc.
[0211] The above describes possible scenarios or generalized description of the examples of the present disclosure, the motivation and technical concepts of the present disclosure are illustrated in the following.
[0212] In order to facilitate the understanding of the solution of the present disclosure, some terms mentioned in the present disclosure are first introduced.
[0213] AMP AP STA: an AP that can transmit and receive AMP PPDU (PHY Protocol Data Unit) and communicate with AMP non-AP STAs.
[0214] AMP non-AP STA: a non-AP STA that can transmit and receive AMP PPDU and communicate with AMP AP or another AMP non-AP STA.
[0215] AMP assisting STA: an AMP STA (either AP or non-AP) that provides assistance to an AMP assisted non-AP STA to communicate using the AMP protocol. The assistance may be providing energy (Wireless power) , or relay service or transmitting carrier signal for RF backscattering etc. In the context of AMP RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) protocol, the assistance is by transmitting carrier signal to the AMP RFID tags for RF backscattering.
[0216] AMP assisted non-AP STA: an AMP non-AP STA that can communicate using the AMP protocol using the assistance provided by an AMP assisting STA.
[0217] AMP RFID reader: an AMP assisting STA that can read an AMP RFID tag (e.g., a smartphone) .
[0218] AMP RFID tag: an AMP assisted non-AP STA that at least supports AMP RFID protocol and optionally also supports the UHF (Ultra High Frequency) RFID protocol.
[0219] Initiating AMP STA: an AMP assisting STA (e.g., an AMP AP, AMP Relay, AMP Energizer, Smartphone with AMP RFID Reader capabilities etc. ) that initiates the AMP random access procedure.
[0220] Responding AMP STA: an AMP STA (e.g., AMP IoT STA, AMP RFID Tag) that participates in the AMP random access procedure.
[0221] Based on its capabilities, an AMP STA may be classified as:
[0222] Type A AMP STA: Type A AMP STA has capability to support legacy 802.11 protocols (e.g., 802.11b / g / n) and support their own energy source, e.g., battery.
[0223] Type B AMP STA: Type B AMP STA do not support legacy 802.11 protocols and only support low power transceiver operations and also possess some sort of small energy source, e.g., large capacitor, or ambient power source etc.
[0224] Type C AMP STA: Type C AMP STA do not support legacy 802.11 protocols and only support low power transceiver operations and do not possess any energy source. Type C AMP STA use backscattering technique for their transmissions. AMP RFID tag is a special sub-category of Type C AMP STA.
[0225] Random access session: a random access session may be initiated by an initiator (transmitting node, which could be, e.g., the aforementioned AMP assisting STA) , the session may start from the transmission of a poll frame and last for one or more transmit opportunities (TXOP) till the completion of all associated transmission attempts, including any retransmissions. The session may include the transmission of several poll frames which would be used for providing opportunities for responders (receiving nodes) to transmit their responses to the initiator. The session may be identified by a unique identification.
[0226] With the development of science and technologies, more and more devices have emerged to meet different needs in our daily life. For example, there are stations (STA) which may be bound to hardware restrictions and thus are designed to support AMbient Power (AMP) protocols. The AMP is a new TIG / SG within the IEEE 802.11 working group that is studying the support of AMP communication in IEEE 802.11 network. The goal is to address the need of ambient power-enabled Wi-Fi Internet of things devices (AMP IoT STAs) . The group is exploring power harvesting technologies that can significantly increase the battery lifespan of the AMP IoT STAs, such as RF Power harvesting (or backscattering) , power harvesting using light, motion etc.
[0227] In order to reduce cost and power usage, AMP IoT STAs may have simplified hardware. Due to the hardware restrictions and the need to lower the power consumption, it is expected that the AMP IoT STAs will operate at a much lower channel bandwidth (e.g., 4 MHz) compared to traditional 802.11 STAs that operate at channel bandwidths of 20 MHz or multiples of 20 MHz. In addition, due to the simplified hardware, the AMP IoT STAs may not be able to use advanced modulation techniques such as OFDM and hence not able to transmit the legacy 802.11 preamble that is present at the beginning of almost all 802.11 PPDUs.
[0228] In the context of the 802.11 standard / protocol, Carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA / CA) is the predominant channel access method. STAs (Stationary Terminals) use CSMA / CA to avoid collisions by transmitting only when the channel is sensed to be “idle” . If the channel is “busy” , each STA may choose a random duration to defer its transmission, known as the random back-off procedure, to reduce the likelihood of collision. The basic medium access protocol using CSMA / CA is called distributed coordination function (DCF) , while a more advanced version, enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) , is used by STAs that support quality of service (QoS) .
[0229] As described above, due to hardware limitations, the AMP IoT STA may not be able to transmit the legacy 802.11 preamble. The preamble is a necessary part of traditional 802.11 communication as it signals the start of a transmission and contains important information for STAs to synchronize and prepare for data reception. In addition, the AMP IoT STAs are expected to operate at a much lower channel bandwidth compared to traditional / legacy / conventional 802.11 STAs. For example, they might operate at 4 MHz, whereas conventional 802.11 STAs operate at 20 MHz or multiples thereof. This reduced bandwidth can limit the data rate and overall communication efficiency. Some classes of AMP IoT STAs may have limited or no ability to perform carrier sensing due to hardware constraints. Carrier sensing is essential in CSMA / CA protocols to detect if the channel is idle or busy before transmitting data. Without this capability, these STAs cannot effectively use the 802.11 medium access protocols such as DCF (Distributed Coordination Function) and EDCA (Enhanced Distributed Channel Access) , which rely on carrier sensing to manage channel access and avoid collisions. Due to their design and power constraints, AMP IoT STAs may not be able to use advanced modulation techniques like OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) , which is commonly used in 802.11 networks to increase spectral efficiency and support higher data rates. It should be noted that although the description is made with reference to AMP STAs or AMP IoT STAs, such description is illustrative rather than restrictive, the technical concept and solutions also apply for other kinds of STAs.
[0230] In order to make it possible for devices which may be of little or no carrier sensing ability to realize their random access, three kinds of frames are introduced in the present application. The frames include:
[0231] a first frame which is an initial frame for initiating the random access session, the first frame is followed by at least one first slot which is available for a receiving node to perform an initial transmission of its response, in the AMP scenario, the first frame can be referred to as AMP Poll frame;
[0232] a second frame which is a frame for requesting a retransmission, the second frame is mainly used when reception failure at the transmitting node occurs, and the second frame is followed by at least one third slot which is available for a receiving node to perform retransmission of its response, in the AMP scenario, the second frame can be referred to as AMP ReTx-Poll frame;
[0233] a third frame which is a subsequent frame for the first frame or the second frame, the third frame is mainly used for notifying a receiving node of available slot (s) for initial transmission or retransmission of a response, and the third frame is followed by at least one fourth slot which is available for a receiving node to perform initial transmission or retransmission of its response, whether to perform initial transmission or retransmission depends on the third frame being subsequent to which frame, in the AMP scenario, the third frame can be referred to as AMP Re-Poll frame.
[0234] It should be noted that, the first, second and third frames are distinguished from each other according to their functions achieved, and the name of the specific frame is used as an example for illustration, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0235] Based on the above frames, the present disclosure proposes solutions which could deal with the initial transmission and retransmission of response (s) from receiving node (s) . Generally, the transmitting node could win one or more transmission opportunities and share the won transmission opportunity (TXOP) with receiving nodes, so as to provide assistance for the receiving node (s) ’ random access. The transmitting node can provide slots for the receiving node (s) to perform random access, the transmitting node could make the slots be follow-ups of different frames (afirst frame plus one or more third frames) , e.g., the transmitting node starts a random access session by broadcasting a first frame followed by one or more slots, then if there are remaining slots available for initial transmission, the transmitting node may continue transmitting one or more third frame to notify the receiving nodes of the remaining slots (as long as the transmitting node wins enough transmission opportunities to provide all these slots) . Similar mechanism may be applied for retransmission, when reception fails at the transmitting side, the transmitting node can start the retransmission for the failed slot (s) by transmitting a second frame, and the transmitting node could make the slots available for retransmission be follow-ups of different frames (asecond frame plus one or more third frames) , that is, the third frame could also be used in this scenario to notify slot (s) available for retransmission.
[0236] Since the second frame is generally used for initiating a retransmission, and the third frame is generally used for notifying remaining slots, so these two frames are used when necessary. Besides, the first frame and the following at least one first slot, the second frame and the following at least one third slot, the third frame and the following at least one fourth slot are in one or more TXOPs obtained by the transmitting node. Depending on the actual situation, in the case where the third frame is needed, the first frame and the following at least one first slot, and the third frame and the following at least one fourth slot may be in the same TXOP, or they could be in different TXOPs, e.g., in a TXOP, the transmitting node transmits the first frame which is followed by at least one first slot, and then in the next TXOP, the transmitting node transmits the third frame which is followed by at least one fourth slot. Same for the second frame, in the case where the second frame is needed, the first frame and the following at least one first slot, and the second frame and the following at least one third slot may be in the same TXOP, or they could be in different TXOPs, e.g., in a TXOP, the transmitting node transmits the first frame which is followed by at least one first slot, and then in the next TXOP, the transmitting node transmits the second frame which is followed by at least one third slot. So when one TXOP is not long enough to hold different frames and their accompanying slots, multiple TXOP may be needed for transmitting these frames and their accompanying slots.
[0237] There is no limitation on the number of retransmissions, so each time there is a need to initiate a retransmission, a second frame may be used, such second frame is specific to slot (s) for which the retransmission is solicited. Besides, the number of third frames, either used for initial transmission scenario or retransmission scenario, depends on the total number of available slots to be provided by the transmitting node. In the following embodiments, somewhere one second frame or one third frame is used as an example for illustration, but the description would also be applicable for each second / third frame needed.
[0238] Further, it should be noted that throughout the text, the slots flowing different frames (first / second / third frames) are named with different serial numbers, but these serial numbers are simply for distinguishing frames which they follow, rather than defining their specific functions or properties. They could all be named as slots if needed.
[0239] Moreover, in the following embodiments, description is made by taking a first frame, a second frame and a third frame belonging to the same random access session as an example. In actual applications, behaviors of a receiving node would vary depending on situations. The receiving node may receive first / second / third frames associated with different random access sessions, for each random access session, the receiving node could handle its initial transmission and retransmission in a similar way as described in the embodiments of the present disclosure, which will not be elaborated for brevity.
[0240] The present disclosure provides a wireless communication method, in which a first frame is received from a transmitting node (which could also referred to as initiator or initiator STA throughout the text) , where the first frame is used for instructing a receiving node (which could also referred to as responder or responder STA throughout the text) to participate in random access of a random access session, and the random access session is based on at least one TXOP obtained by the transmitting node, and the receiving node participates in the random access according to the first frame. Here the participation of the random access would include the period of waiting to transmit a response by the receiving node, as well as the transmission of the response. In some cases, the receiving node may simply engage in the waiting part, but that would also fall within the participation of the random access, in other words, the participation of the random access does not necessarily require the receiving node to respond to the first frame with a response.
[0241] As will be described later, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the first frame, the second frame and the third frame may be transmitted in TXOP (s) obtained by the transmitting node, normally the transmitting node would obtain a TXOP and transmit a clear to send (CTS) -to-self frame, and then wait for a period of Short Interframe Space (SIFS) , and after such SIFS period, the transmitting node would start transmission of the first / second / third frame. The first frame, second frame and third frame would be in the same TXOP, or they may be transmitted in different TXOPs, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0242] The number of TXOPs may be one or more, depending on how many slots the transmitting node wants to provide to the receiving node for participating in the random access. If there are multiple TXOPs, these TXOPs may be continuous or separated apart, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure. The separation of different TXOPs may be because the total number of slots for the participation of the random access cannot be held in a single TXOP since the duration of a single TXOP may be limited.
[0243] Based on such scheme, the transmitting node, which may be capable of contending with other conventional 802.11 STAs to obtain a TXOP and then share the obtained TXOP with the receiving node, in this way, the receiving node itself may no longer need to contend with other conventional 802.11 STAs, but could instead finish its random access with the help of the transmitting node. Since the first frame could provide clear and direct instructions to the receiving node, ambiguity and potential errors in the communication process can thus be reduced. By basing the session on TXOPs, the method promotes a structured approach to random access, which can improve efficiency and reduce collisions.
[0244] With respect to the transmitting node, it could be any kind of device that has the ability of contending with other conventional 802.11 STAs to obtain TXOP (s) . With respect to the receiving node, it should be noted that in the embodiments of the present disclosure, there is no restriction on whether the receiving node has the ability to contend a TXOP with conventional 802.11 STAs or not. The method proposed in the embodiments of the present disclosure is especially suitable for receiving nodes without carrier sensing ability, but can also be applied to receiving nodes which are capable of carrier sensing. Besides, from the perspective of receiving node’s type, the method is applicable for receiving nodes which cannot support legacy 802.11 protocols, so the method of the present disclosure may be primarily targeted at the aforementioned Type C AMP STAs, and may also be used by Type B AMP STAs.
[0245] Further, in order to better describe the participation of the random access, a time slot based random access mechanism is proposed that is especially suitable for AMP STAs without carrier sensing abilities (e.g., backscattering AMP IoT STAs) . Embodiments of the present disclosure further introduce a first frame which indicates a random access session and at least one first slot associated with the random access session following the first frame, and in response to the reception of the first frame, a first response is transmitted according to the first frame from the receiving node to the transmitting node. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, by allocating specific time slots (or slots for short) for transmission, the method reduces the likelihood of signal collisions that may occur when multiple receiving nodes attempt to transmit simultaneously without coordination. According to the wireless communication method of the present disclosure, the random access slots can be spread across multiple transmission opportunities (TXOPs) to reduce collisions. The indication of a random access session and the at least one first slot associated with the random access session following the first frame can help in synchronizing the communication between transmitting and receiving nodes, which may maintain the integrity and orderliness of data exchange. In addition, the method can accommodate nodes with different capabilities, including those without carrier sensing abilities, making it versatile for use with a wide range of devices in an IoT environment. By carefully managing the transmission of frames, the method reduces the risk of channel hijacking during empty slots. As will be described later, a simplified version of the random access procedure (single slot mode) is provided for devices, especially for devices susceptible to timing drifts or with limited capabilities, which can ensure that these devices can still effectively participate in network communication.
[0246] FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an application scenario according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 1, in one instance, an AMP AP (which would be a specific example of the above AMP assisting STA) can act as an initiator AMP STA and initiates a random access procedure in which two responding AMP STAs, AMP IoT STA 1 and AMP IoT STA2 (which would be a specific example of the above Type B AMP ST) participate. In another instance, an AMP RFID Reader (which would be a specific example of the above AMP assisting STA) acts as the initiator AMP STA and initiates a random access procedure in which two responding AMP STAs, AMP IoT STA 1 and backscattering AMP STA 3 (which would be a specific example of the above Type C AMP ST) participates. Initiating AMP STAs are capable of communicating using mainstream 802.11 standard (802.11n, 11ac, 11ax, 11be etc. ) while responding AMP STAs may not have such capability and they may not even be capable of performing carrier sensing (e.g., clear channel assessment (CCA) ) .
[0247] FIG. 2A shows a schematic flowchart of a wireless communication method according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The wireless communication method is implemented by a receiving node and a transmitting node as shown in FIG. 2. The method may be applied in the scenario shown in FIG. 1, and may also be applied in other scenarios. Illustratively, the transmitting node and the receiving node can be implemented by any software and / or hardware. The receiving node can be a responding AMP STA. For example, the receiving node can be: an AMP IoT STA, an AMP RFID Tag, a backscattering AMP STA, or a Type A, B, or C AMP STA. The specific types of the receiving node are not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure. The transmitting node can be an initiating AMP STA. For example, the transmitting node can be: a Type A, an AMP AP (Access Point) STA, an AMP relay, an AMP energizer, or a smartphone or similar device that has the ability to support AMP and legacy 802.11 protocols and can initiate communication sessions with the receiving node. For example, the receiving node can be the AMP IoT STA 1, the AMP IoT STA 2 or the backscattering AMP STA 3 shown in FIG. 1, and the transmitting node can be AMP AP or the AMP RFID Reader shown in FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 2, the method can include the following steps.
[0248] S201, a transmitting node transmits a first frame, and a receiving node receives the first frame from the transmitting node.
[0249] S202, the receiving node transmits a first response to the transmitting node, and the transmitting node receives the first response.
[0250] In the embodiment, the transmitting node (e.g., an initiating AMP STA) transmits a first frame, and the receiving node (i.e. a responding AMP STA) receives the first frame from the transmitting node. The transmission of the first frame would be broadcast, and the transmitting node wants to use the first frame to get response (s) from appropriate receiving node (s) , the transmitting node may actually not know how many receiving nodes could respond to such first frame, but simply use the first frame as an initiation of a random access session. The first frame indicates a random access session, and at least one first slot associated with the random access session following the first frame. The first frame is used to initiate a random access session. The first / second / third frame can also be called a first / second / third request frame, a first / second / third trigger frame, or a first / second / third poll frame. When the first frame is used in the AMP scenario, the first frame can also be called an AMP poll frame.
[0251] The first frame includes information for initiating a random access session. As described above, the random access session may refer to an entire period from the transmission of a frame (such as the first frame) for initiating a random access session to the completion of all associated transmission attempts, including any retransmissions. The random access session may include a plurality of transmission opportunities which may be continuous or separate. The transmitting node expects to benefit from this random access session to get some information from the receiving node, so that the transmitting node could use information carried in a response frame from the receiving node to proceed with subsequent communication with specific receiving node (s) , such information fed back by the receiving node (the first response) may include information (e.g., STA ID) indicative of an identifier / identity of the receiving node, information indicative of an identifier of the random access session, data payload, etc. The response frame from the receiving node carrying the first response could be in any form, for example, when the receiving node is the AMP IOT STA, the response frame may not include a legacy 802.11 preamble.
[0252] With respect to the indication of the random access session, in a possible implementation, the first frame may indicate the random access session by using an identification (for example, a session ID) of the random access session. The identification of the random access session may be used to uniquely identify the ongoing communication session. The first frame specifies at least one first slot that is associated with the random access session. The at least one first slot may be at least one time interval within which the receiving node can transmit its response. In a possible implementation, the first frame may carry a first session identifier field indicating the identification of the random access session. The session identifier allows nodes to maintain context throughout the duration of the random access session, even if there may be pauses or interruptions in communication. In cases where transmissions fail or need to be retransmitted, the session identifier can help nodes recognize which session the retransmission belongs to, facilitating error recovery and maintaining communication integrity. It should be noted that different frames (the aforementioned first frame, second and third frames which will be described later) may all include session identifier fields, these fields in different frames may have similar functions, but are named with different serial numbers, these serial numbers are simply for distinguishing different fields in different frames, in some instances, these fields could also have the same name, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0253] With respect to the indication of the at least one first slot which comes after the first frame, in a possible implementation, a bitmap may be used to notify the at least one first slot, for example, all available slots for initial transmission of the random access session may correspond to a bitmap, and position (s) of the at least one first slot associated with the first frame can be indicated by setting the position (s) to particular value (s) . There would be one or more first slots, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure. In a possible implementation, the at least one first slot includes one first slot, so in this case, the reception of the first frame would directly indicate the one first slot. In a possible implementation, the at least one first slot may include multiple first slots, and the first frame may carry a first slot range field indicating at least one of a starting slot index or an ending slot index of the multiple first slots. The first slot range field may indicate either the starting index or the ending index (or both) of the multiple first slots. For example, the number of the at least one first slot may be fixed, so the indication of the at least one first slot may be implemented by notifying the starting index or the ending index. For multiple case, the first slot range field may indicate random access slots that are allocated in a current TXOP (transmit opportunity) , e.g., slot 0 to slot k are allocated in a first TXOP. Alternatively, in order to indicate the at least one first slot, the first frame may carry a time offset field which may indicate the time offset from a reference point and a duration of all of the at least one first slot, the time offset may be such as the start of a frame to the beginning of the first slot, or the first frame may carry a timestamp field which can mark the start and end times of the at least one first slot. In this way, the receiving node can determine each of the at least one first slot based on the information in the first frame and a duration of a single first slot (which can be a default value or notified in the first frame) . The indication of the first slot helps the receiving node understand where available slot (s) for initial transmission locate (e.g., begin and end) within the session. It offers clear guidance to the receiving node about exactly which time slots are available for its initial transmission attempt.
[0254] In a possible implementation, if the transmitting node wants some specific kinds of receiving nodes to respond to the first frame, it may further make the first frame indicate whether the receiving node is eligible to perform an initial transmission of a first response corresponding to the first frame, or whether the first frame indicate whether the receiving node is eligible to participate in the random access session. The receiving node may determine whether it is eligible to perform an initial transmission of a first response corresponding to the first frame before transmitting the first response. This eligibility is determined based on the information within the first frame, such as the type of the first frame, the identification of the random access session and designated fields in the first frame. When a receiving node receives a first frame, the receiving node may analyze a field in the first frame to decide whether it is eligible to perform an initial transmission of a first response corresponding to the first frame. If the receiving node determines that receiving node is not eligible to perform an initial transmission, the receiving node may stop analyzing or parsing the remaining fields to improve communication efficiency. By clearly specifying eligibility, the transmitting node can effectively manage the random access session and ensure that the receiving node know when and whether it can transmit its response. The method may be particularly useful in networks where devices have different capabilities and power constraints, such as Ambient Power (AMP) IoT networks. It should be noted that FIG. 2A depicts the case where the receiving node is eligible to transmit its response, for other receiving node (s) which is not eligible to transmit its response, it would also perform the eligibility check based on the first frame similarly, but would skip the transmission of the response. Later if second and third frames belonging to the same random access session as the first frame are broadcasted, the other receiving node (s) would also not respond due to failed eligibility check.
[0255] In a possible implementation, when the first frame indicates that the receiving node is eligible to perform an initial transmission of the first response corresponding to the first frame and one of the at least one first slot is determined by the receiving node to be used for transmitting the first response, the receiving node may transmit the first response in the one of the at least one first slot. Upon receiving a first frame, a responding AMP STA may first check whether it is eligible to participate in the random access session.
[0256] Different alternatives may be possible for instructing the eligibility to the receiving node.
[0257] For example, the type of the first frame would be used as a filtering condition, upon determining a received frame is of the certain type (e.g., the received frame is an AMP Poll frame) , the receiving node would participate in the random access session. In a possible implementation, the first frame may carry a first frame type field indicating that the first frame is an initial frame for initiating the random access session. The first frame type field explicitly identifies the purpose of the first frame, signaling to all receiving nodes that this frame is the starting point of a new random access session. The first frame type field can ensure that all nodes, regardless of their type or capability, understand the initiation of a new session and can act accordingly to maintain compatibility and interoperability. FIG. 2B shows an example of an AMP frame according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 2B, the AMP frame may carry a frame type field and a type dependent payload field, sometimes, if necessary, further carry a frame duration field and / or a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) field for providing error-detection capabilities for the frame. The frame type value can be used to indicate the type of the AMP frame. Specifically, the fame type field may take different values and be used to indicate the AMP frame is an initial frame (a specific example of a first frame, e.g. an AMP Poll frame) for initiating the random access session, or a frame (a specific example of a second frame, e.g. an AMP ReTx-Poll frame) for requesting a retransmission, or a subsequent frame (a specific example of a third frame, e.g. an AMP Re-Poll frame) for the first frame or the second frame. The frame duration field may indicate the duration of the AMP frame, based on this field, the recipient of the AMP frame may be aware of the duration of this frame. The type dependent payload field may include other information for the transmission (for example, identification of the random access session) dependent on the type of the frame. The first frame, the second frame and the third frame may all be implemented with the structure shown in FIG. 2B. The frame type field may respectively correspond to the first frame type field in the first frame, the second frame type field in the second frame, the third frame type field in the third frame, and other fields in the first / second / third frame mentioned in the embodiments of the present disclosure can be carried in the type dependent payload field. It should be noted that the specific values of the frame type field shown in FIG. 2B are illustrative rather than restrictive, other values can be set depending on actual needs.
[0258] For another example, in addition to the frame type, the transmitting node may further define a random access type. In a possible implementation, the first frame may carry a random access type field indicating whether the random access session is a slot-based random access session. When the random access type indicates that it is a slot-based (time-slot based) random access session, receiving nodes that support the slot-based random access session would be eligible to participate in the random access session. In a possible implementation, especially when the receiving node is not capable of performing carrier sensing, the receiving node may determine whether the receiving node is eligible to participate in the random access session by checking whether a random access type included in the first frame matches a pre-determined random access type, for example, slot based random access session. In this way, complexity for the receiving node can be reduced, as it can implement a single, well-defined access method.
[0259] For another example, the transmitting node may select, among the receiving nodes supporting the slot-based random access session, receiving node (s) meeting certain filtering conditions. In a possible implementation, the first frame may carry a first grouping identifier field indicating a group targeted by the random access session. The first grouping identifier field can be a Group / Network ID field, and can be used to determine whether a receiving node is eligible to participate in the random access session, so receiving node (s) fall (s) within this targeted group would be regarded as being eligible to participate in the random access session. The first grouping identifier field serves to screen out eligible receiving nodes from all the receiving nodes, so the transmitting node could use this field to control which kind (s) of STAs is expected to participate in the random access session. In a possible implementation, upon receiving the first frame (which means the frame type is qualified) and the random access is of a slot-based type, the responding AMP STA may determine whether the receiving node is eligible to participate in the random access session by checking whether a Group / Network ID field included in the first frame matches a network ID that the STA is pre-programmed with or if the Network ID field is set to the broadcast value.
[0260] In a possible implementation, the first frame may carry one or more of the following fields: a slot duration field (e.g., Slot Duration) indicating a duration of each of the at least one first slot, a response type field (e.g., Response Type) indicating a type of the first response, or an initial transmission size field (e.g., Slot Range) indicating a total number of slots available for the initial transmission. The slot duration field may indicate a slot duration / duration of the at least one first slot associated with the random access session following the first frame. In a possible implementation, the duration may be a total duration of all the at least one first slot (especially in the case where there are multiple first slots) , or the duration may be a duration of one first slot, in this case, each of the at least one first slot may be of the same time length, or their time lengths may satisfy a predefined relationship, which is not limited herein. The durations may be different for different response types. The slot duration may be large enough to accommodate the transmission of the receiving node’s response of a specified response type. The response type field may indicate a type of a response solicited by the transmitting node (e.g., responding AMP STA’s ID, with / without accompanying data such as sensor data, Battery status etc. ) . The STA’s ID may be a static ID assigned by a manufacturer (e.g., MAC address, Tag ID etc. ) , or it may also be a temporary ID (e.g., an AID randomly assigned to itself by the STA) .
[0261] It should be noted that the above fields, including the random access type field, the first grouping identifier field, the first slot range field, the slot duration field, the response type field, the initial transmission size field may be omitted when they take default values.
[0262] In a possible implementation, in the AMP scenario, the first frame can be an AMP Poll frame. The AMP Poll frame may specify a filtering condition, Session ID, Slot Range, Response Type, Slot Duration. The filtering condition is a filtering condition (s) to be used by the responding AMP STAs to decide whether or not to participate in the random access session. The filtering condition may include at least one of: Network or Group ID or even / odd IDs etc. The Session ID is the identification of the random access session. In a possible implementation, upon receiving an AMP Poll frame, the receiving node may check whether it fulfils a specified filtering condition and is qualified to participate in the random access session based on the AMP Poll frame. A qualifying responding AMP STA may transmit the specified response in a randomly chosen slot within the TXOP in which the slot occurs.
[0263] The transmitting node may provide multiple slots for initial transmission, these multiple slots may spread across multiple TXOPs or follow different poll frames. In one possible implementation, transmit a first frame and let all the multiple slots follow the first frame, in this case, all the multiple slots are the above first slots. In another possible implementation, only part of the multiple slots can follow the first frame, this may be due to the duration limitation of a TXOP, or, this may be due to the specific design of the first frame, e.g., it is stipulated that the first frame can be followed by a predefined number of slots (e.g., 1, 2, etc. ) , but the number of the multiple slots is greater than such predefined number, so in these cases, the multiple slots may be separated as follow-ups of different frames. Some may follow the first frame and may be the above first slots, some may follow one or more third frames (e.g., AMP Re-Poll frame for initial transmission) and may be referred to as fourth slots for initial transmission. Therefore, the at least one first slot may simply be part of a total number of slots available for the initial transmission, the remaining slots which do not follow the first frame may be follow-up of one or more third frames transmitted by the transmitting node. The total number of slots available for the initial transmission characterizes the whole window size of this random access session, it may be a default value known by both sides in advance (e.g., stipulated in the protocol) or may be indicated by the first frame. The indication of the window size may be implemented in various ways. For example, the first frame may include a contention window size. The AMP Poll frame indicates the size of the Contention Window (CW) which in turn will decide how many random access slots are provided in this session (identified by the Session ID) . The AMP Poll frame indicates the size of the Contention Window (CW) which in turn will decide how many random access slots are provided in this session (identified by the Session ID) . For example, the number of random access slots (N+1) = 2ECW. The probability of collision between responders’ responses is related to the number of random access slots that are allocated in the session and the number of responders that are expected to participate in the random access session. In general, a larger number of slots may reduce the collision probability. However, the time duration of the initiating AMP STA’s TXOP is limited as per the TXOP limit defined by 802.11 protocol, which in turn limits the maximum number of slots that can be allocated in a TXOP. In order to overcome this limitation, the random access slots can be spread across multiple TXOPs to reduce collisions. By allocating multiple slots and having a method for nodes to determine a slot based on the total number of slots available for the initial transmission, each receiving node could have a fair choice to participate in the random access session, and efficient use of the communication channel can be achieved.
[0264] After determining that the receiving node is eligible to participate in the random access session, that is, the receiving node is eligible to perform the initial transmission of the first response corresponding to the first frame, the receiving node can further determine a slot in which it will transmit its first response for the first time. The determination of the slot in which the receiving node transmits its first response for the first time (performing the initial transmission of the first response) is based on the above total number of slots available for the initial transmission. For example, the receiving node may randomly select one slot among all the available slots. The transmission of all the available slots may be guided by several (poll) frames (including the aforementioned first frame and one or more third frames which will be described later) , each of the frames may be followed by one or more slots, so it is possible that the determined slot for initial transmission of the first response is one of the at least one first slot following the first frame, or one of the at least one slot following a third frame. In a possible implementation, no matter the at least one first slot includes one or more first slots, the determined slot is one of the at least one first slot, the receiving node can transmit the first response in the determined slot. In a possible implementation, the determined slot is not among the at least one first slot, the receiving node can wait for its determined slot and then transmit its first response in the determined slot. In the latter case, the transmission of the first response is still based on the first frame since the slot for transmitting the first response is determined based on the first frame, and when the determined slot comes may also be based on the at least one first slot following the first frame. Here when the at least one first slot includes just one first slot, then the determined slot is the one slot following the first frame.
[0265] At the transmitting side, since the transmitting node decides to provide multiple available slots for receiving node (s) and may notify the receiving node (s) of its total number of available slots, at the receiving side, it may randomly select one from all the available slots, and waits for its determined slot to transmit the first response. But there is a chance that the transmitting node fails to win enough TXOPs to transmit all the available slots, for that case, the behaviors of this receiving node may exclude the transmission of the first response. It should be noted that although the description is made with reference to the receiving node transmitting its first response, all descriptions except the transmission of the first response also apply for the receiving node which fails to wait for its turn in a random access session.
[0266] In order to better describe the first frame, some examples are given below for illustrating the design of the first frame. FIG. 3 shows an example of a random access procedure according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, and FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of an example of an AMP Poll frame according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0267] As shown in FIG. 3, the random access session spreads across different TXOPs, in each TXOP, there are several slots following the AMP Poll frame (a specific example of the first frame) or AMP Re-Poll frame (a specific example of the third frame) . A transmitting node initiates an AMP random access procedure and allocates random access slots by transmitting an AMP Poll frame. The AMP Poll includes the following fields: Filtering conditions, Session ID (a specific example of the above first session identifier field) , ECW (a specific example of the above initial transmission size field) , Slots Range (a specific example of the above first slot range field) , Slot Duration (aspecific example of the above slot duration field) and Response Type (a specific example of the above response type field) . As described above, the filtering conditions may be achieved based on frame type, or in further combination with a random access type, or in further combination with a first grouping identifier. The AMP Poll frame indicates the size of the ECW which in turn will decide how many random access slots are provided in session M (identified by the Session ID) . Index of the last slot (N) = 2ECW -1. The Slot Range indicates that slot 0 to slot k are allocated in TXOP-1 in FIG. 3. After the AMP Poll frame, another TXOP is obtained by the transmitting node, so the AMP Re-Poll frame which notifies the receiving node of the subsequent slots (slot k+1 to slot N) is transmitted. Upon receiving an AMP Poll frame, the receiving node can check whether it fulfils the specified filtering condition and is qualified to participate in the random access session. A qualifying receiving node transmits the specified response in a randomly chosen slot within the TXOP in which the slot occurs (i.e., TXOP-1 or TXOP-2 shown in FIG. 3, depending on which slot is chosen by the receiving node) .
[0268] As shown in FIG. 4, the AMP Poll frame may carry the following fields: Poll ID, Slot Range, Slot Duration, Random Access Type (a specific example of the above random access type field for the first frame) , Network ID, ECW, Response Type. FIG. 4 actually shows a possible implementation of the AMP Poll frame in FIG. 3, in which the filtering conditions in FIG. 3 is implemented as including the random access type and Network ID, and the Session ID is implemented as a Poll ID.
[0269] With respect to the fields shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the Poll / Session ID indicates an identification of the random access session, and the Poll ID may be a unique value that identifies the random access session. The Slot Range identifies the start and end slot indices of the random access slots that are allocated in this TXOP. The Slot Duration is a duration of one random access slot, and the Slot Duration may be different for different response types. The Response Type is a response type solicited by the AMP Poll frame (e.g., STA’s ID, EPC, STA ID and battery status etc. ) . The ECW specifies a contention window size. The AMP Poll frame indicates the size of the Contention Window (CW) which in turn will decide how many random access slots are provided in this session (identified by the Session ID) . The AMP Poll frame indicates the size of the Contention Window (CW) which in turn will decide how many random access slots are provided in this session (identified by the Session ID) . For example, the number of random access slots (N+1) = 2ECW. The Network ID (a specific example of the above first grouping identifier) may be a specific example of the filtering condition and may be used to ensure that only an intended group of STAs responds. For example, the transmitting node may identify a network or group whose STAs are allowed to participate in the random access, and for example, the Network ID may include a Basic Service Set Identifier (BSSID) or a BSS Color, which are associated with the Basic Service Set (BSS) that the transmitting node is connected to. It is assumed that even if the responding node is not associated with the BSS, the responding node has been pre-programmed with the network ID, for example, during device provision, or during deployment, to allow the receiving node to recognize and respond to the appropriate Network ID when a random access session is initiated. Or, in a denser deployment (e.g., in a warehouse or retail store) , the Network ID may be set to other values used to group the receiving node. For example, in a warehouse example, the Network ID may be set to one value to get responses at a Pallet level and set to a different value to get responses from individual product tags from a particular shelf etc. In a retail store example, the Network ID may be set by product category, e.g., men’s shirt, or women’s blouse etc. The Network ID may also be set a broadcast value (e.g., all ones) to allow any receiving STA to participate.
[0270] It should be noted that the random access type field could be fixed, e.g., this fixed value may indicate the slot-based random access session, so the transmitting node always expects the receiving node to respond to the AMP Poll frame; the Network ID field could also be fixed, e.g., this fixed value may indicate a fixed group so that the transmitting node always expects receiving node (s) belonging to this group to respond to the AMP Poll frame, or simply indicate no group, that is, there is no filtering condition in terms of group; the ECW field, slots range field, slot duration field and response type field could also be set as default values, e.g., they could be predefined in protocols. In the case where information indicated by a field is set as a default value, this field could be omitted.
[0271] In a possible implementation, a length of each field in the AMP Poll frame can be illustrated in Table 1.
[0272] Table 1
[0273] In a possible implementation, when the transmitting node detects failed reception (e.g., due to collisions, or other interference) in one or more slots of a random access session, the transmitting node can initiate a selective random access retransmission procedure by transmitting a second frame. Correspondingly, as shown in FIG. 2A, the receiving node may receive a second frame from the transmitting node, where for each of the second frame, the second frame may indicate the identification of the random access session, at least one second slot for which retransmission is requested, and at least one third slot following the second frame and available for performing the retransmission. In the AMP scenario, the second frame can be referred to as an AMP ReTx-Poll frame. The second frame may be used to continue a random access session, for example, to address situations where the initial transmission attempt failed due to reception failure, e.g., due to collisions when different receiving nodes transmit their responses in the same slot. The second frame may indicate the random access session via, for example, identification of the random access session (asession ID) . The random access session indicated by the second frame may be the same as or different from that indicated by the first frame. When the random access session indicated by the second frame is the same as that indicated by the first frame, the receiving node can recognize the ongoing random access session and understand that the second frame is a continuation of the session initiated by the first frame. The second frame may indicate at least one third slot following the second frame and available for performing the retransmission. The indication of the random access session and the indication of the at least one third slot in the second frame may be similar to the indication of the random access session and the indication of the at least one first slot in the first frame, various implementations with respect to the first frame are also applicable for the second frame.
[0274] With respect to the indication of the random access session, in a possible implementation, similar to the identification of the random access session in the first frame, the second frame may indicate the random access session by using an identification (for example, a session ID) of the random access session. The second frame may carry the identification of the random access session in a second session identifier field. The second session identifier can ensure that all transmissions related to the random access session are clearly linked and sequential. In cases where transmissions need to be retransmitted due to errors or collisions, the session identifier allows nodes to correctly identify the session for which retransmission is required, enabling a more orderly and targeted retransmission process.
[0275] With respect to the indication of the at least one third slot which comes after the second frame, similar to the identification of the at least one first slot in the first frame, in a possible implementation, a bitmap may be used to notify the at least one third slot, for example, all available slots for a certain retransmission may correspond to a bitmap, and position (s) of the at least one third slot associated with the second frame can be indicated by setting the position (s) to particular value (s) . There would be one or more third slots, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure. In a possible implementation, the at least one third slot includes one third slot, so in this case, the reception of the second frame would directly indicate the one third slot. In a possible implementation, the at least one third slot may include multiple third slots, and the second frame may carry a second slot range field indicating at least one of a starting slot index or an ending slot index of the multiple third slots. The second slot range field may indicate either the starting index or the ending index (or both) of the multiple third slots. For example, the number of the at least one third slot may be fixed, so the indication of the at least one third slot may be implemented by notifying the starting index or the ending index. For multiple case, the second slot range field may indicate random access slots that are allocated in a current TXOP (transmit opportunity) , e.g., slot 0 to slot m are allocated in a first TXOP. Alternatively, in order to indicate the at least one third slot, the second frame may carry a time offset field which may indicate the time offset from a reference point and a duration of all of the at least one third slot, the time offset may be such as the start of a frame to the beginning of the third slot, or the second frame may carry a timestamp field which can mark the start and end times of the at least one third slot. In this way, the receiving node can determine each of the at least one third slot based on the information in the second frame and a duration of a single third slot (which can be as same as the length of the first slot following the first frame, or can be notified in the second frame) . The indication of the third slot helps the receiving node understand where available slot (s) for retransmission locate (e.g., begin and end) within the session. It offers clear guidance to the receiving node about exactly which time slots are available for its retransmission attempt.
[0276] With respect to the indication of the at least one for which retransmission is requested, one possible choice is to notify the index of the second slot where transmission has failed and retransmission is required. The number of second slots is not limited to one, that is, the transmitting node could notify the reception in multiple slots one time, so receiving nodes may check whether they are associated with the requested retransmission.
[0277] In a possible implementation, the second frame may carry a second frame type field indicating that the second frame is a frame for requesting the retransmission. By including the second frame type field in the second frame, the receiving node can clearly understand the transmission requirement. Similar to the first frame type field, the transmitting node can also benefit from this field to target receiving nodes which could respond to this certain type. For specific description of realizing filtering with this field, reference may be made to the first frame type field for details.
[0278] In a possible implementation, the second frame may carry a second grouping identifier field indicating a group targeted by the random access session. The second grouping identifier field may specify the group that is being targeted by the random access session. By indicating a targeted group, the second frame may allow for more selective communication within the network, which directs the session towards a particular subset of STAs. By targeting a specific group, the likelihood of collisions can be reduced, as only STAs within the specified group will attempt to respond during the allocated time slots. In this way, unnecessary transmissions from STAs that are not part of the targeted group can be reduced, thus conserving power and bandwidth. The function of the second grouping identifier field is similar to that of the first grouping identifier field, they are named with different serial numbers simply because they are in different frames. The transmitting node can also benefit from the second grouping identifier field to target a certain group of receiving nodes. For specific description of realizing filtering with this field, reference may be made to the first grouping identifier field for details.
[0279] In a possible implementation, the second frame may carry a retransmission size field indicating a total number of slots available for the retransmission. For example, the second frame may include a contention window size. The second frame may indicate the size of the CW (e.g., in the ReTx_ECW field) which in turn will decide how many random access slots are provided in this session (identified by the identification of the random access session) , at the receiving side, if the receiving node needs to retransmit its response, it could determine the slot for retransmission based on the size of the CW, e.g., randomly select one slot in the CW. The retransmission size field is similar to the initial transmission size field in the first frame, during retransmission, the transmitting node may also provide multiple third slots for retransmission, and these multiple third slots may spread across TXOPs or follow different poll frames. It should be noted that there could be multiple times of retransmissions, each time when the transmitting node wants to initiate a retransmission, it would start with a second frame, so the second frame would specify the size of the CW for its associated retransmission. For example, the number of random access slots (N+1) = 2ReTx_ECW. When multiple slots are provided for this retransmission, in one possible implementation, transmit a second frame and let all the multiple slots follow the second frame, in this case, all the multiple slots are the above third slots. In another possible implementation, only part of the multiple slots can follow the second frame, this may be due to the duration limitation of a TXOP, or, this may be due to the specific design of the second frame, e.g., it is stipulated that the second frame can be followed by a predefined number of slots (e.g., 1, 2, etc. ) , but the number of the multiple slots is greater than such predefined number, so in these cases, the multiple slots may be separated as follow-ups of different frames. Some may follow the second frame and may be the above third slots, some may follow one or more third frames (e.g., AMP Re-Poll frame for initial transmission) and may be referred to as fourth slots for retransmission.
[0280] In a possible implementation, the second frame may further indicate whether the retransmission is requested for the first frame or a previous second frame. When the second frame indicates that the retransmission is requested for the first frame and an initial transmission slot in which the initial transmission of the first response occurs matches with one of the at least one second slot, the receiving node may transmit the first response in one of the at least one third slot. Or, when the second frame indicates that the retransmission is requested for the previous second frame and a retransmission slot in which retransmission of the first response requested by the previous second frame occurs matches with one of the at least one second slot, the receiving node may transmit the first response in one of the at least one third slot. The second frame may be received subsequent to the first frame or subsequent to another second frame. The second frame may further indicate whether the retransmission is being requested for the initial transmission (the first frame) or for a previous retransmission attempt (aprevious second frame) . If the second frame indicates that the retransmission is requested for the first frame, and if the initial transmission slot (where the first response was initially transmitted) matches one of the at least one second slot identified for retransmission, the receiving node may transmit the first response in one of the at least one third slot. Alternatively, if the second frame indicates that the retransmission is requested for a previous second frame, and if the retransmission slot (where the retransmission was previously attempted) matches one of the at least one second slot, the receiving node may transmit the first response again, but this time in a different slot-one of the at least one third slot. In this way, a structured approach can be provided to handle retransmission within a random access session, which can allow for efficient use of available time slots and clear guidance for responding nodes on when and where to transmit their responses. The above describes the case where the retransmission of the first response could be completed in one of the at least one third slot following the second frame, if the slot selected by the receiving node for retransmission is out of the at least one third slot, similar to the waiting described for initial transmission, the receiving node may wait for its determined slot and then retransmit its first response in the determined slot.
[0281] It should be noted that the above fields, including the second grouping identifier field, the second slot range field, the response type field, the retransmission size field may be omitted when they take default values.
[0282] Upon receiving the second frame, the receiving node would also perform eligibility check. The second frame may also indicate whether the receiving node is eligible to participate in the random access session. Sometimes the second frame could itself carry information for filtering receiving nodes which are eligible to respond to the second frame, for example, it may carry the frame type, the group identifier, the random access type, sometimes only the indication of the random access session is enough, since the receiving node has received the first frame, and it could have obtained the filter condition from the first frame, so the eligibility could be determined based on the indication of the random access session, that is, the receiving node could associate the first frame and the second frame belonging to the same random access session, and then re-use the filtering condition indicated in the first frame for determining whether it is qualified to respond to the second frame. When the first and second frames belong to the same random access session, if the receiving node determines that the random access session indicated by the second frame is the same as the random access session indicated by the first frame, it knows that it is qualified to respond to the second frame. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the solution is described by taking the first and second frames indicating the same random access session as an example, so the eligibility check of the second frame is omitted.
[0283] In addition to the eligibility check, the receiving node may also check if it has transmitted in the indicated random access session, e.g.., the receiving node determines the random access session based on the second frame and checks if it has transmitted in such session. If no transmission has occurred, then the receiving node could stop parsing the second frame, so as to save power. If it had transmitted in this session, the receiving node may continue to check if the requested second slot is in consistent with the slot in which it performed initial transmission of the first response, or in consistent with the slot in which it performed retransmission of the first response. When either check is true, the receiving node may perform retransmission of the first response, e.g., select a slot within the window for retransmission and wait for the selected slot to conduct the retransmission.
[0284] In a possible implementation, in the AMP scenario, the second frame may be an AMP ReTx-Poll frame, this AMP ReTx-Poll frame may indicate a Retransmission Slot Index (a specific example of the above indication of the second slot) , an ECW (a specific example of the above retransmission size field) , a Slots Range (a specific example of the above second slot range field) , and a Session ID (a specific example of the above second session identifier) . The AMP ReTx-Poll frame may also include a random access type field for indicating whether the random access session is a slot-based random access session, which is not shown in the drawings. The Retransmission Slot Index may indicate an index of one or more slots for which retransmission is solicited (either in an initial transmission, or in a retransmission) . The ECW may indicate a contention window size for the retransmission associated with the second slot, which can be same or different from the initial transmission. For example, the largest index of the random access slot for retransmission (Q) = 2ECW -1. The Slots Range may be random access slots for a retransmission can also be spread across multiple TXOPs. The Slot Range indicate the random access slots that are allocated in the current TXOP, e.g., slot 0 to slot m are allocated in a first TXOP. The Session ID in the second frame may identify the random access session and is set to the same ID indicated in the first frame that initiated the random access session. Upon receiving an AMP ReTx-Poll frame, the receiving node may first check whether it had transmitted in the random access session indicated in the frame (for example, identified by the Session ID field) . If yes, it further checks whether it fulfils the specified filtering condition and is qualified to participate in the retransmission. If yes, the qualifying responding AMP STA that had initially transmitted in one of the slot (s) indicated by the Retransmission Slot Index field, re-transmits the specified response in a randomly chosen slot within the TXOP in which the slot occurs. It should be noted that the Network ID field could be fixed, e.g., this fixed value may indicate a fixed group so that the transmitting node always expects receiving node (s) belonging to this group to respond to the AMP ReTx-Poll frame, or simply indicate no group, that is, there is no filtering condition in terms of group; the ECW field, slots range field, and response type field could also be set as default values, e.g., they could be predefined in protocols. In the case where information indicated by a field is set as a default value, this field could be omitted.
[0285] In order to better describe the first frame, some examples are given below for illustrating the design of the second frame. FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of an example of an AMP ReTx-Poll frame according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, and FIG. 6 shows an example of a random access procedure including retransmission according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0286] As shown in FIG. 5, a transmitting node (e.g. an initiating AMP STA) initiates a random access session by transmitting an AMP Poll frame in TXOP-1 to a receiving node (e.g. a responding AMP STA) and an AMP Re-Poll frame in TXOP-2 to notify remaining slots for initial transmission. The initiating AMP STA detects failed reception in Slot 1, and the initiating AMP STA initiates a selective random access retransmission procedure by transmitting an AMP ReTx-Poll frame in TXOP-3 and an AMP Re-Poll frame in TXOP-4 to notify remaining slots for retransmission initiated by the AMP ReTx-Poll frame in TXOP-3. The ReTx-Poll frame includes the following fields: Filtering conditions, Session ID (a specific example of the above second session identifier field) , ECW (aspecific example of the above retransmission size field) , Slots Range (a specific example of the above second slot range field) and Retransmission Slot Index (a specific example of the above indication of the second slot) . The Slot Range indicates that slot 0 to slot m are allocated in TXOP-3 in FIG. 5. The Session ID in the AMP ReTx-Poll frame identifies the random access session and is set to the same ID indicated in the AMP Poll frame that initiated the random access session. Upon receiving the AMP ReTx-Poll frame, the responding AMP STA first checks whether it had transmitted in the random access session indicated in the frame (identified by the Session ID field) . If yes, it further checks whether it fulfils the specified filtering condition and is qualified to participate in the retransmission. If yes, the qualifying responding AMP STA that had initially transmitted in one of the slot (s) indicated by the Retransmission Slot Index field, re-transmits the specified response in a randomly chosen slot within the TXOP in which the slot occurs. The Response Type and Slot Duration may not be carried in the AMP ReTx-Poll frame but may be the same as indicated in the AMP Poll frame with the matching Poll ID.
[0287] FIG. 6 actually shows a possible implementation of the AMP ReTx-Poll frame in FIG. 5, in which the filtering conditions in FIG. 5 is implemented as including Network ID, and the Session ID is implemented as a Poll ID. Upon detecting a failed reception (e.g., due to collision between responses from two or more responding AMP STAs or interference from a third party 802.11 STA etc. ) in one or more slots of a random access session, the initiating AMP STA may transmit an AMP ReTx-Poll frame to start a retransmission. As shown in FIG. 6, the AMP ReTx-Poll frame may carry the following fields: Network ID (a specific example of the above second grouping identifier field) , Poll ID (a specific example of the above second session identifier) , ReTx_ECW (a specific example of the above retransmission size field) , Slots Range (a specific example of the above second slot range field) , NACK Slot Index (a specific example of the above indication of the second slot) , and ReTx Slots. The Poll ID in the AMP ReTx-Poll frame may be set as the Poll ID carried in the AMP Poll ( (a specific example of the first frame) that identifies the random access session. The ReTx_CW may indicate a contention window size for retransmissions. The number of random access slots for retransmission = 2ReTx_CW. The slots range may identify the start and end slot indices of the random access slots that are allocated in the current TXOP. The NACK Slot Index may indicate one or more indices of slots for which retransmission is solicited. Alternatively, the NACK Slot Index can also be implemented as a bitmap or a list that indicates one or more slots for which retransmission is solicited. The ReTx Slots may be a flag to differentiate a failed reception in the initial transmission from a failed reception in a retransmission. For example, if ReTx Slots is False, NACK Slot Index refers to a slot allocated by the AMP Poll frame. If ReTx Slots is True, NACK Slot Index refers to a slot allocated by the latest AMP ReTx-Poll frame.
[0288] In a possible implementation, a length of each field in the AMP ReTx-Poll frame can be illustrated in Table 2.
[0289] Table 2
[0290] As described above, the transmitting node may not complete the provision of transmission opportunities with the at least one first slot following the first frame for initial transmission or the at least one third slot following the second frame for retransmission, and in this case, the transmitting node may transmit a third frame (e.g., the abovementioned AMP Re-Poll frame) to continue the random access procedure (e.g., in another TXOP) . Correspondingly, the receiving node may receive a third frame from the transmitting node, where for each of the at least one third frame, the third frame indicates the random access session and at least one fourth slot associated with the random access session following the third frame. The third frame may further indicate whether the at least one fourth slot is a continuation of the at least one first slot indicated by the first frame or at least one third slot indicated by a second frame for requesting retransmission of the first response. In the AMP scenario, the third frame may be referred to as an AMP Re-Poll frame. The indication of the random access session and the indication of the at least one fourth slot in the third frame may be similar to the indication of the random access session and the indication of the at least one first slot in the first frame, various implementations with respect to the first frame are also applicable for the third frame.
[0291] With respect to the indication of the random access session, in a possible implementation, similar to the identification of the random access session in the first frame, the third frame may by using an identification (for example, a session ID) of the random access session. The third frame may carry a third session identifier field indicating the identification of the random access session. The random access session indicated by the third frame can be the same as that indicated by the first frame.
[0292] With respect to the indication of the at least one fourth slot which comes after the third frame, similar to the identification of the at least one first slot in the first frame, in a possible implementation, a bitmap may be used to notify the at least one fourth slot, for example, all available slots for initial transmission / acertain retransmission may correspond to a bitmap, and position (s) of the at least one fourth slot associated with the third frame can be indicated by setting the position (s) to particular value (s) . There would be one or more fourth slots, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure. In a possible implementation, the at least one fourth slot includes one fourth slot, so in this case, the reception of the third frame would directly indicate the one fourth slot. In a possible implementation, the at least one fourth slot may include multiple fourth slots, and the third frame may carry a third slot range field indicating at least one of a starting slot index or an ending slot index of the multiple fourth slots. The third slot range field may be a Slots Range field. The third slot range field may indicate either the starting index or the ending index (or both) of the multiple fourth slots. For example, the number of the at least one fourth slot may be fixed, so the indication of the at least one fourth slot may be implemented by notifying the starting index or the ending index. For multiple case, the third slot range field may indicate random access slots that are allocated in a current TXOP (transmit opportunity) , e.g., slot n to slot n+k are allocated in a second TXOP. By knowing the range of available fourth slots, receiving nodes can decide which slot to use for their retransmissions, ensuring that they transmit within the correct time slot. The at least one fourth slot is designated for further communication activities, such as additional retransmissions or continuation of transmissions. The third frame may provide further guidance by indicating whether the at least one fourth slot is a direct continuation of the at least one first slot (which was indicated by the initial first frame for the initial transmission attempt) , or the at least one third slot (which was indicated by a preceding second frame specifically for requesting retransmissions of the first response) . In this way, orderly session management and clear directives for the responding nodes on when and how to proceed with their transmissions within the established random access session can be ensured.
[0293] In a possible implementation, the third frame may carry a random access type field indicating whether the random access session is a slot-based random access session. When the third frame carries a random access type field indicating that the random access session is a slot-based random access session, the receiving node may determine that the receiving node is eligible to participate in the random access session.
[0294] In a possible implementation, the third frame may carry a third frame type field indicating that the third frame is a subsequent frame for the first frame or the second frame. Similar to the first frame type field, the transmitting node can also benefit from this field to target receiving nodes which could respond to this certain type. For specific description of realizing filtering with this field, reference may be made to the first frame type field for details.
[0295] In a possible implementation, the third frame may carry a third grouping identifier field indicating a group targeted by the random access session. The third grouping identifier field may specify the group that is being targeted by the random access session. By indicating a targeted group, the third frame may allow for more selective communication within the network, which directs the session towards a particular subset of STAs. By targeting a specific group, the likelihood of collisions can be reduced, as only STAs within the specified group will attempt to respond during the allocated time slots. In this way, unnecessary transmissions from STAs that are not part of the targeted group can be reduced, thus conserving power and bandwidth. The function of the third grouping identifier field is similar to those of the first and second grouping identifier fields, they are named with different serial numbers simply because they are in different frames. The transmitting node can also benefit from the third grouping identifier field to target a certain group of receiving nodes. For specific description of realizing filtering with this field, reference may be made to the first grouping identifier field for details.
[0296] Upon receiving the third frame, the receiving node would also perform eligibility check. The third frame may also indicate whether the receiving node is eligible to participate in the random access session. Sometimes the third frame could itself carry information for filtering receiving nodes which are eligible to respond to the third frame, for example, it may carry the frame type, the group identifier, the random access type, sometimes only the indication of the random access session is enough, since the receiving node has received the first frame, and it could have obtained the filter condition from the first frame, so the eligibility could be determined based on the indication of the random access session, that is, the receiving node could associate the first frame and the third frame belonging to the same random access session, and then re-use the filtering condition indicated in the first frame for determining whether it is qualified to respond to the third frame. When the first and third frames belong to the same random access session, if the receiving node determines that the random access session indicated by the third frame is the same as the random access session indicated by the first frame, it knows that it is qualified to respond to the third frame. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the solution is described by taking the first and third frames indicating the same random access session as an example, so the eligibility check of the third frame is omitted.
[0297] In a possible implementation, when the third frame indicates that the at least one fourth slot is the continuation of the at least one first slot indicated by the first frame, the receiving node is eligible to transmit the first response since the third frame indicates the same random access session as the first frame, the receiving node may perform the initial transmission of the first response in one of the at least one fourth slot; or, may retransmit the first response in one of the at least one fourth slot. The third frame may indicate that the at least one fourth slot is a continuation of the at least one first slot that was initially indicated by the first frame. Since the first and third frames belong to the same random access session, the receiving node determines, based on the indication of the random access session, that it is eligible to transmit the first response, then the receiving node has two potential courses of action:
[0298] initial transmission: if the first response has not yet been transmitted, the receiving node may perform the initial transmission of the first response in one of the at least one fourth slot;
[0299] retransmission: if the first response has already been transmitted and requires retransmission due to a failed initial attempt, the receiving node may retransmit the first response in one of the at least one fourth slot. In this case, instead of initiating a retransmission with the abovementioned second frame (e.g., AMP ReTx-Poll frame) , the transmitting node could simply transmit the same third frame (indicating the same random access session and the same fourth slot (s) ) again, so that STA (s) who has performed their initial transmissions in the slot (s) indicated by the third frame, would retransmit again. The processing of the third frame would be the same as they first receive this third frame.
[0300] In a possible implementation, when the third frame indicates that the at least one fourth slot is the continuation of the at least one third slot indicated by the second frame, the receiving node is eligible to transmit the first response since the third frame indicates the same random access session as the first frame, the receiving node may retransmit the first response in one of the at least one fourth slot.
[0301] The method can enhance the reliability of data transmission by providing a mechanism to retry failed transmissions, increasing the chances of successful delivery. By effectively managing retransmissions, the method can contribute to meeting specific Quality of Service requirements, such as latency and throughput expectations.
[0302] It should be noted that the above fields, including the random access type field, the third grouping identifier field, the third slot range field, the response type field may be omitted when they take default values.
[0303] Besides, the third frame may not be right after the first frame, it is possible that available slots for initial transmission are guided by a first frame and one or more third frames, available slots for retransmission are guided by a second frame and one or more third frames, so as described before, the receiving node just waits for its selected slot to perform the initial transmission or retransmission, the above simply illustrates the case where the third frame is followed by slot (s) which has been selected by the receiving node for initial transmission or retransmission.
[0304] In order to better describe the first frame, some examples are given below for illustrating the design of the third frame. FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of an example of an AMP Re-Poll frame according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 7, the AMP Re-Poll frame may carry the following fields: Random Access Type (a specific example of the above random access type field for the third frame) , Network ID (a specific example of the above third grouping identifier field) , Poll ID (a specific example of the above third session identifier) , Slots Range (a specific example of the above third slot range field) , and ReTx Slots. The Poll ID in the AMP Re-Poll frame identifies the random access session and may be set to the same ID indicated in the AMP Poll frame that initiated the corresponding random access session. The Slots Range may identify the start and end slot indices of the random access slots that are allocated in this TXOP. The ReTx Slots may be a flag to differentiate a continuation of an initial transmission from a continuation of a retransmission. For example, if ReTx Slots is False, the Slot Range refers to the slots allocated by the AMP Poll frame. If ReTx Slots is True, the Slot Range refers to the slots allocated by the latest AMP ReTx-Poll frame. The definition of Random Access Type, Network ID fields may be the same as for the AMP Poll frame, and could be omitted since the receiving node can connect the AMP Re-Poll frame with its corresponding AMP Poll frame based on the identification of the random access session. The Response Type and Slot Duration may not be carried in the AMP Re-Poll frame but may be the same as indicated in the AMP Poll frame with the matching Poll ID.
[0305] In a possible implementation, a length of each field in the AMP Re-Poll frame can be illustrated in Table 3.
[0306] Table 3
[0307] Referring back to FIG. 3, the receiving node does not finish the transmission in TXOP-1, and continues the AMP random access procedure in another TXOP by transmitting an AMP Re-Poll frame. The AMP Re-Poll frame includes the following fields: Filtering conditions, Session ID, Slots range. The meanings of the above fields are described above and will be not be repeated here. The Session ID in the AMP Re-Poll frame may identify the random access session and is set to the same ID indicated in the AMP Poll frame that initiated the random access session. The AMP Re-Poll frame also indicates random access slots that are allocated in the current TXOP, e.g., slot k+1 to slot N are allocated in TXOP-2 in FIG. 3. In this way, the initiating AMP STA continues the random access session in as many TXOP as needed to ensure that all random access slots of the random access session are allocated.
[0308] As shown in FIG. 5, the receiving node does not finish the retransmission in TXOP-3, and continues the AMP random access procedure in another TXOP by transmitting an AMP Re-Poll frame. The AMP Re-Poll frame includes the following fields: Filtering conditions, Session ID, Slots range. The meanings of the above fields are described above and will be not be repeated here. The Session ID in the AMP Re-Poll frame may identify the random access session and is set to the same ID indicated in the AMP Poll frame that initiated the random access session and the AMP ReTx-Poll frame which initiates retransmission in the random access session. The AMP Re-Poll frame also indicates random access slots that are allocated in the current TXOP, e.g., slot m+1 to slot Q are allocated in TXOP-4 in FIG. 5.
[0309] The initiating AMP STA can collect information (e.g., STA IDs) during a random access session, and then the initiating AMP STA can use the collected information in a subsequent session to perform one-to-one communication with the responding AMP STAs.
[0310] During a random access session, the transmitting node (e.g., the initiating AMP STA) can collect basic information from the receiving nodes (the responding STAs) , such as STA IDs. Subsequently, once it knows that STA-1 and STA-2 are present in its coverage, it uses directed (unicast) AMP commands to communicate with the two STAs in TXOP-2. The collection is part of the random access procedure and may occur within a TXOP. FIG. 8 shows an example of a random access procedure according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 8, an AMP Assisting STA is an initiating AMP STA. The initiating AMP STA identifies which STAs are present and qualify for communication within its coverage area. In FIG. 8, AMP IoT STA-1 and AMP IoT STA-2 are the qualified responding AMP STAs. The AMP Assisting STA can collect STA IDs of AMP IoT STA-1 and AMP IoT STA-2 during TXOP-1. After the random access session, the AMP Assisting STA can use the collected IDs to communicate directly with each responding STA. This direct communication is more efficient than broadcasting to all STAs and is used in a new TXOP, referred to as TXOP-2.
[0311] FIG. 9 shows an example of implementation of a time slot based random access procedure according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The method may be used for AMP IoT STAs that do not have the ability to perform carrier sensing, for example, backscattering AMP STAs.
[0312] An initiating AMP STA (e.g., an AMP AP) may initiate a time slot based random access session when it is more efficient than a one-to-one session. For example, a random access session may be more efficient if the initiating AMP STA does not possess an ID (s) of a responding AMP STA (s) in its coverage, or even if it does know the IDs, it does not know a sleep cycle of the responding AMP STA (s) .
[0313] Refer to FIG. 9, once the initiating AMP STA wins a wireless medium contention and obtains a TXOP, it may transmit a CTS-to-Self frame to protect the TXOP. A SIFS (Short Interframe Space) after the CTS-to-Self frame, the initiating AMP STA transmits an AMP Poll frame to start a new random access session. The SIFS is a brief pause to allow for the switching of transmitters and receivers. It is to be noted that, as shown in FIG. 9, the AMP frames may be transmitted using narrower bandwidth (e.g., 4 MHz) , which is more suitable for the capacities of AMP IoT STAs. Also, the AMP frame transmitted by the initiating AMP STA may be preceded by a legacy 802.11 preamble (i.e., the 802.11a preamble made up of a L-STF, L-LTF (Long Legacy Training Field) and L-SIG (Legacy Signal Field) ) , but the AMP frame transmitted by the responding AMP STAs are not preceded by the legacy 802.11 preamble. Although it is not shown in FIG. 9, all AMP frames are assumed to be preceded by the AMP preamble and AMP PHY header. Following the AMP frame, the initiating AMP STA transmits the carrier signal till the end of the TXOP. The carrier signal is used by the responding AMP STAs to transmit their backscattered responses. The responding AMP STAs, which may be energy-constrained or passive devices, can use backscattering technology to communicate by reflecting the carrier signal modulated with their response data. This method can be used to accommodate the challenges of communicating with AMP IoT STAs that cannot perform carrier sensing, providing a structured approach to random access that can ensure efficient communication and can reduce the potential for collisions or interference.
[0314] In a possible implementation, each receiving node involved in a random access session may maintain two distinct slot counters for different phases of transmission:
[0315] 1) slot_counter: to track its transmission slot for initial transmission;
[0316] 2) ReTx_slot_counter: to track transmission slot for retransmission.
[0317] The need for a separate counter for retransmissions (ReTx_slot_counter) is to clearly differentiate between the original time slots allocated for the first / initial transmission attempts and those allocated for any subsequent retransmissions. In this way, the random access session can be managed efficiently and avoiding confusion or overlap in transmissions.
[0318] In FIG. 9, the AMP Poll frame may be a specific example of the above first frame, the AMP Re-Poll frame may be a specific example of the above third frame as a continuation of the first frame. As shown in FIG. 9, as indicated by the values of the slot_counters, different STAs select different slots for their initial transmissions, so they wait for their selected slots to come and then perform the initial transmissions. Upon receiving the AMP Poll frame with an ECW value of 3, four responding AMP STAs qualify to participate in the random access session based on the Network ID. Each STA randomly picks a slot_counter (SC) within the range [0, 7] . AMP IoT STA-1 picks a SC = 1, AMP IoT STA-2 picks a SC = 2, AMP IoT STA-3 picks a SC = 3 and AMP IoT STA-4 picks a SC = 5. The Start Slot Index field and the End Slot Index fields are set as 0 and 3 respectively, indicating that slots 0 to 3 are allocated by the AMP Poll frame. Since their SC are within the slot range allocated in this TXOP, STA-1, STA-2 and STA-3 proceed to transmit their response frame with the requested response type (STA ID) in slot 1, slot 2 and slot 3 respectively. However, since STA-4’s SC is outside the allocated slot range, it has to wait for the AMP Re-Poll frame to transmit its response.
[0319] FIG. 10 shows a schematic diagram of processing an AMP Poll frame according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 10 depicts the behaviors of the receiving node when processing the AMP Poll frame. Upon receiving a first frame (for example, the abovementioned AMP Poll frame) , which is a control frame used to initiate or manage the random access session, the receiving node may check if it is eligible to participate in the random access session by comparing filter conditions indicated by the first frame with a preset filter condition. For example, the receiving node may check if it is eligible to participate in the random access session by comparing a Network ID field in the AMP Poll frame with its pre-programmed network ID or if the Network ID is set to a broadcast value, indicating that any STA which can process the AMP Poll frame and support slot-based random access session can participate. If the receiving node is not capable of performing carrier sensing, it will only respond to AMP Poll and AMP Re-Poll frames where the Random Access Type is explicitly set as “Time Slot based” . If the receiving node is eligible to participate, the receiving node may randomly pick a slot_counter (SC) in the range [0 to (2ECW -1) ] . If the slot_counter is within the range of the random access slots allocated in the current TXOP (as indicated by the Slots Range field in the first frame) , the transmitting node may transmit the first frame (carrying the response as indicated by the Response Type field in the first frame) in the slot indicated by the slot_counter. The receiving node can compute indices of slots based on the slot duration. Else if the slot_counter is outside the range of the random access slots allocated in the current TXOP, the receiving node may await the AMP Re-Poll frame that indicates the slot range within which the slot_counter falls.
[0320] FIG. 11 shows an example of processing an AMP ReTx-Poll frame according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Upon receiving a second frame (e.g., an AMP ReTx-Poll) , a receiving node may first check whether it is eligible to participate in the random access session by checking whether the second frame indicates that the receiving node is eligible to perform a retransmission of a response. For example, the receiving node may first check whether it is eligible to participate in the random access session by checking whether a Network ID field in the second frame matches a network id that the receiving node is pre-programmed with or if the Network ID is set to the broadcast value. The eligibility check may also be done by the receiving node checking whether the random access session indicated by the second frame is the same as the most recent random access session in which the receiving node had participated. For example, the receiving node may also check whether a Poll ID field in the second frame matches a Poll ID of the most recent random access session in which the receiving node had participated (i.e., the Poll ID carried in the first frame that initiated the random access session) . When the receiving node is eligible to participate, if the second frame indicates the at least one third slot indicated by the second frame is used for requesting retransmission of an initial transmission (for example, if ReTx Slots is False) , the receiving node whose slot_counter matches NACK Slot Index will re-contend in one of the retransmission slots. Else if the second frame indicates the at least one third slot indicated by the second frame is used for requesting retransmission of a retransmission (for example, ReTx Slots is True) , the receiving node whose ReTx_slot_counter matches NACK Slot Index will re-contend in one of the retransmission slots.
[0321] When the receiving node re-contends in one of the retransmission slots, the receiving node may randomly pick a ReTx_slot_counter (ReTx_SC) in the range [0 to (2ReTx_ECW -1) ] . If the ReTx_SC falls within the range of the random access slots allocated in the current TXOP (as indicated by the Slots Range field in the second frame) , the receiving node may transmit the first response (carrying the response as indicated by the Response Type field in the first frame) in the slot indicated by the ReTx_SC. Else if the ReTx_SC falls outside the range of the random access slots allocated in the current TXOP, the receiving node may await the third frame with ReTx Slots set to True.
[0322] FIG. 12A and FIG. 12B show an example of processing an AMP Re-Poll frame according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Upon receiving a third frame (e.g., an AMP Re-Poll) , a receiving node first checks whether it is eligible to participate in the random access session. For example, the receiving node may check whether it is eligible to participate in the random access session by checking whether a Network ID field included in the third frame matches network id that the STA is pre-programmed with or if the Network ID is set to the broadcast value. The receiving node may also check whether a Poll ID field included in the third frame matches the Poll ID of the most recent random access session in which the receiving node had participated (i.e., the Poll ID carried in the AMP Poll that initiated the random access session) . If the receiving node is eligible to participate, and ReTx Slots is False, the third frame indicates the continuation of an initial transmission (e.g., the continuation of the at least one first slot indicated by the first frame when this third frame comes right after the first frame) and so the random access is based on the slot_counter. If the slot_counter falls within the range of the random access slots allocated in the current TXOP (as indicated by the Slots Range field in the third frame) , the receiving node transmits the first response (carrying the response as indicated by the Response Type field in the first frame) in the slot indicated by the slot_counter. Else if the slot_counter falls outside the range of the random access slots allocated in this TXOP, the STA waits for the next AMP Re-Poll frame with ReTx Slots set to False.
[0323] If the receiving node is eligible to participate, and ReTx Slots is True, the third frame indicates the continuation of a retransmission (e.g., the continuation of the at least one third slot indicated by the second frame when this third frame comes right after the second frame) and so the random access is based on the ReTx_slot_counter. If the ReTx_slot_counter falls within the range of the random access slots allocated in the current TXOP (as indicated by the Slots Range field in the third frame) , the receiving node transmits the first response (carrying the response as indicated by the Response Type field in the first frame) in the slot indicated by the ReTx_slot_counter. Else if the ReTx_slot_counter falls outside the range of the random access slots allocated in this TXOP, the STA waits for the next AMP Re-Poll frame with ReTx Slots set to True.
[0324] As shown in FIG. 9, upon receiving the AMP Re-Poll frame, the AMP IoT STA-4 first verifies that it qualifies to participate in the random access session (based on the Network ID / Poll ID) , and since ReTx Slots is False, it checks its slot_counter, and since the slot_counter (SC) is within the slot range allocated in this TXOP, STA-4 proceeds to transmit its response frame with the requested response type (STA ID) in slot 5. In this example, all four responding AMP STAs managed to successfully transmit their responses in the initial transmission.
[0325] FIG. 13 shows an example of a random access procedure which involves retransmission according to one or more embodiment of the present disclosure. The first TXOP is almost the same as the example in FIG. 9, except that upon receiving an AMP Poll frame both AMP IoT STA-1 and AMP IoT STA-2 happen to pick the same SC (=1) and they both transmit their respective responses in slot 1 resulting in a failed reception (due to collision) at the initiating AMP STA. The second TXOP with slots 4 to 7 of the initial transmission are not shown in FIG. 13, but it is assumed that the initiating AMP STA goes on to complete the initial transmission despite the failed reception in slot 1. Since it detected a failed reception in one slot of the random access session, the initiating AMP STA, after winning another TXOP, transmits an AMP ReTx-Poll frame to start a retransmission for the failed reception in slot 1. Since the failed reception was only detected in a single slot, the AMP ReTx-Poll frame specifies a small RxTx_ECW (= 2, i.e., with 4 slots) , sets the NACK Slot Index as 1 to indicate the failed reception in slot 1, and also sets the ReTx_Slots flag to False to indicate reception failure in the initial transmission.
[0326] Upon receiving the first AMP ReTx-Poll frame, and since ReTx Slots is False, the NACK Slot Index field (= 1) indicates the retransmission is solicited for slot 1 of the initial transmission and so responding AMP STAs with SC = NACK_Slot_Index = 1 (i.e., AMP IoT STA-1 and AMP IoT STA-2) contend for retransmission. Note that AMP IoT STA-3 and AMP IoT STA-4 do not contend since their SC do not match NACK_Slot_Index. AMP IoT STA-1 and AMP IoT STA-2 each randomly picks a ReTx_SC in the range [0, 3] . Both AMP IoT STAs pick ReTx_SC = 3. The Start Slot Index field and the End Slot Index fields are set as 0 and 3 respectively, indicating that slots 0 to 3 are allocated by the AMP ReTx-Poll frame. Since their ReTx_SCs are within the slot range allocated in this TXOP, both STAs proceed to transmit their response frame with the requested response type (STA ID) in slot 3 which causes another failed reception due to collision at the initiating AMP STA. This is illustrated in the second TXOP in FIG. 13.
[0327] At this time, the initiating AMP STA chooses to initiate yet another retransmission. After winning another TXOP, it transmits an AMP ReTx-Poll frame to start a retransmission for the failed reception in slot 3 of the previous retransmission. Since the failed reception was only detected in a single slot, the AMP ReTx-Poll frame specifies a small RxTx_CW (= 2, i.e., with 4 slots) , sets the NACK Slot Index as 3 to indicate the failed reception in slot 3, but this time sets the ReTx_Slots flag to True to indicate reception failure in a retransmission (instead of the initial transmission) .
[0328] Upon receiving the second AMP ReTx-Poll frame, since ReTx Slots is True, the NACK Slot Index field (= 3) indicates the retransmission is solicited for slot 3 of the previous retransmission and so responding AMP STAs with ReTx_SC = NACK_Slot_Index = 3 (i.e., AMP IoT STA-1 and AMP IoT STA-2) contend for retransmission. Note that AMP IoT STA-3 whose SC is also 3 does not contend since this retransmission is solicited for another retransmission and not the initial transmission.
[0329] AMP IoT STA-1 and AMP IoT STA-2 each randomly picks a slot_counter (SC) in the range [0, 3] . This time AMP IoT STA-1 picks ReTx_SC = 2 while AMP IoT STA-1 picks ReTx_SC = 3.
[0330] The Start Slot Index field and the End Slot Index fields are set as 0 and 3 respectively, indicating that slots 0 to 3 are allocated by the AMP ReTx-Poll frame. Since their ReTx_SCs are within the slot range allocated in this TXOP, both STAs proceed to transmit their response frame with the requested response type (STA ID) in slot 2 and slot 3 respective. This is illustrated in the third TXOP in FIG. 13.
[0331] In case there are failed receptions in one or more slots even in a retransmission, as seen in the second TXOP in the example in FIG. 13, instead of initiating the second retransmission (e.g., in the third TXOP in FIG. 13) , the initiator can also choose to initiate a new retransmission (or even a new transmission session) with a larger ECW (e.g., with ECW = 3 instead of 2) in order to spread out the retransmissions. FIG. 14 shows an example of a random access procedure which involves retransmission according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0332] Upon detecting the failed reception in slot 3 of the second TXOP in FIG. 13, instead of initiating yet another retransmission for the previous retransmission, the initiating AMP STA may choose to initiate a new retransmission with a larger ReTx_ECW based on the initial transmission instead. After winning another TXOP, it transmits an AMP ReTx-Poll frame to start a new retransmission for the failed reception in slot 1 of the initial transmission. This is illustrated in the first TXOP in FIG. 14. This time the ReTx_ECW is set as 3 to reduce the chances of collision while the ReTx_slots flag is set to False to indicate that the retransmission is solicited for the initial transmission (and not for the retransmission) .
[0333] Upon receiving the AMP ReTx-Poll frame, and since ReTx Slots is False, the NACK Slot Index field (=1) indicates the retransmission is solicited for slot 1 of the initial transmission and so responding AMP STAs with SC = NACK_Slot_Index = 1 (i.e., AMP IoT STA-1 and AMP IoT STA-2) contend for retransmission. Note that AMP IoT STA-3 and AMP IoT STA-4 do not contend since their SCs do not match NACK_Slot_Index.
[0334] AMP IoT STA-1 and AMP IoT STA-2 each randomly picks a slot_counter (SC) in the range [0, 3] . This time AMP IoT STA-1 picks ReTx_SC = 3 while AMP IoT STA-1 picks ReTx_SC = 7.
[0335] The Start Slot Index field and the End Slot Index fields are set as 0 and 3 respectively, indicating that slots 0 to 3 are allocated by the AMP ReTx-Poll frame. Since its ReTx_SC is within the slot range allocated in the current TXOP, AMP IoT STA-1 proceeds to transmit its response frame with the requested response type (STA ID) in slot 3. This is illustrated in the first TXOP in FIG. 14. However, AMP IoT STA-2 cannot transmit since its ReTx_SC is outside the allocated slot range of this TXOP and waits for the AMP Re-Poll frame.
[0336] Since the random access session couldn’t be completed in the first TXOP, the initiating AMP STA contends for the wireless medium to continue the retransmission. Once the initiating AMP STA wins the wireless medium contention and obtains another TXOP, it may transmit a CTS-to-Self frame to protect the TXOP. A SIFS after the CTS-to-Self frame, the initiating AMP STA transmits an AMP Re-Poll frame to continue a retransmission. The ReTx Slots flag is set as True to indicate that the AMP Re-Poll frame is for the continuation of a retransmission (instead of continuation of an initial transmission) .
[0337] Upon receiving the AMP Re-Poll frame, the AMP IoT STA-2 first verifies that it qualifies to participate in the random access session (based on the Network ID / Poll ID) . Since its ReTx_SC is within the slot range allocated in the current TXOP, STA-2 proceeds to transmit its response frame with the requested response type (STA ID) in slot 7. In this example, both responding AMP STAs managed to successfully transmit their responses with one retransmission. It should be noted that the first TXOP in FIG. 14 would be the same as the first TXOP shown in FIG. 13, what happens in the first TXOP is omitted in FIG. 14 for brevity.
[0338] In a time slot-based random access mechanism according to the present disclosure, there might be empty time slots where no transmission occurs. As indicated in FIG. 8, Slot 0 or Slot 2 could be empty, leaving the channel inactive during these periods. The inactivity may make the channel potentially vulnerable to hijacking (i.e., another device winning access to the wireless medium) by third-party STAs (e.g. 802.11 STAs) . The third party STAs might sense the channel as idle and gain access to it, which may interrupt the random access session.
[0339] In a possible implementation, the at least one first slot includes one or more first slots, in either cases, a length field in a SIG field of the first / second / third frame may indicate a duration covering an ending of the at least one first / third / fourth slot. FIG. 15A and FIG. 15B show examples of PHY protocol data unit (PPDU) formats under different frequencies according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 15A, under 2.4 GHz, the PPDU includes 802.11 preamble at a channel bandwidth of 20 MHz, an AMP preamble, and an AMP frame. As shown in FIG. 15B, under sub 1 GHz, the PPDU includes 802.11 SIG preamble at channel bandwidth of 1-16 MHz, an AMP preamble, and an AMP frame. The structures shown in FIG. 15A-FIG. 15C apply for all of the above first, second and third frames. A combination of the AMP preamble and the AMP frame can specifically be one of the first, second or third frame.
[0340] The risk can be mitigated by extending the protection provided by the legacy 802.11 preamble that precedes the AMP frames, as shown in FIG. 15C. FIG. 15C shows an example of an AMP DL PPDU that carries an AMP frame for backscattering AMP STAs according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. A SIG field of the legacy 802.11 preamble may be configured to protect not only a downlink (DL) AMP frame but also a subsequent carrier signal (CS) . The CS may cover an empty random access slot or an uplink (UL) response from an AMP IoT STA. A LENGTH field in an L-SIG of the legacy 802.11 preamble is set to cover the entire duration of the DL AMP frame and the CS for a single random access slot.
[0341] For example, in an AMP DL PPDU (Protocol Data Unit) carrying an AMP frame for backscattering AMP STAs, a RATE field of the L-SIG is set to b1101, representing a 6 Mb / stransmission rate in a 20 MHz channel. The Length field set in the L-SIG (L_LENGTH) is calculated as follows:
[0342] where TXTIME (μS) = 28 + TAMP-PREAMBLE + TSym x NSym + TCS, 28 μS is the time required for the legacy preamble and the two BPSK-Mark symbols (4 μS each) . TAMP-PREAMBLE is the time required for the AMP Preamble in the DL PPDU. TSym is the duration of one AMP symbol in the AMP frame in the DL PPDU. NSym is the number of AMP symbols in the AMP frame in the DL PPDU. TCS is the duration of the carrier signal (CS) transmission.
[0343] The Length field of the SIG field of a SIG preamble can be used in a similar manner if the AMP DL PPDU is transmitted in the sub-1GHz band.
[0344] FIG. 16 shows an example state machine that may be implemented by a receiving node according to one or more embodiments. A receiving node that is just powered up and is not already participating in a random access session will be in an Init state, until it receives a qualifying first frame (shown as AMP Poll frame in FIG. 16) which will move its state to Contending. The receiving node’s state will remain at Contending until it receives a first frame or a third frame (shown as AMP Re-Poll frame in FIG. 16) that allocates a slot in which it can transmit its response frame. Once the STA transmits its response frame in the slot matching its slot_counter, its state moves to the TXed state. Once in the TXed state, if the STA receives a qualifying second frame (shown as AMP ReTx-Poll frame in FIG. 16) with a NACK Slot Index equal to its slot_counter or ReTx_slot_counter, the state moves to ReTx-Contending. However, instead if the receiving node receives a qualifying AMP-Poll frame or a qualifying AMP Re-Poll frame with a slot range that includes its slot_counter, the state moves back to the Contending state. Here the qualifying AMP-Poll frame would be an AMP-Poll frame for a new random access session which is different from that indicated in the AMP Poll frame received in the Init state, and the qualifying AMP Re-Poll frame would be an AMP Re-Poll frame which is associated with the same random access session as the AMP Poll frame received in the Init state. Once in the ReTx-Contending state, the receiving node’s state will remain in the state until it receives a qualifying AMP ReTx-Poll frame or AMP Re-Poll frame that allocates a slot in which it can transmit its response frame. Once the receiving node transmits a first response in the slot matching its ReTx_slot_counter, its state moves back to the TXed state. Receiving a qualifying AMP Poll frame (for a new random access session which is different from that indicated in the AMP Poll frame received in the Init state) will move the receiving node’s stat from ReTx_Contending to Contending. Any timeout event that causes the receiving node to deplete all its power will reset its state machine and cause the state to move back to the Init state.
[0345] FIG. 17 shows an example of a random access session according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. A simpler version of the random access procedure in which one random access slot is always initiated by a frame transmitted by a transmitting node (e.g. an initiating AMP STA) is illustrated in FIG. 17. This may be referred as a single slot mode. Although not as efficient from an air time usage point of view, the single slot mode may be preferable for AMP IoT STAs that are susceptible to timing drifts due to hardware constraints etc. The operations are similar to the random access session described above, except that the number of random access slots that follow a frame from the initiating AMP STA is limited to one. The single slot mode is also applicable for AMP STAs with carrier sensing abilities. Different from the multiple slots case where the slots following the frames may be indicated by fields in the frames, in the single slot mode, the slot following each frame is indicated by the reception of this frame. Once the STA receives a frame, it knows there is a slot ready for initial transmission or retransmission.
[0346] FIG. 18 shows a format of an AMP Poll frame according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Since the number of random access slots that follow the AMP Poll frame is limited to one, the Slot Range field is not required in this case. The slot following the AMP Poll is always the first slot (slot 0) .
[0347] FIG. 19 shows a format of an AMP Re-Poll frame according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Since the number of random access slots that follow the AMP Re-Poll frame is limited to one, the Slot Range field is not required in this case. Instead the AMP Re-Poll frame may carry the Slot Index field to help the responding AMP STAs keep synchronization with the slot index. This Slot Index field may also be omitted if the STA can count the slot by itself.
[0348] FIG. 20 shows a format of an AMP ReTx-Poll frame according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Since the number of random access slots that follow the AMP ReTx-Poll frame is limited to one, the Slot Range field is not required in this case. The slot following the AMP Re-Tx Poll is always the first slot (slot 0) .
[0349] An initiating AMP STA’s actions are almost the same as described in above embodiments and hence are not repeated here, except for the case of empty slots (i.e., slots in which none of the responding AMP STAs transmit) . In a possible implementation, when the at least one first slot following the first frame includes one first slot and the at least one third slot indicated by the second frame includes one third slot, a fixed duration is set for the transmitting node as a time for waiting any response from any receiving node, and a subsequent frame is transmitted by the transmitting node when the fixed duration expires. The transmitting node may set a fixed duration of time. The duration serves as a waiting period for the transmitting node to expect response (s) from any receiving node (a responding AMP STA) . If the fixed duration expires but the transmitting node does not receive any response from receiving node (s) , the transmitting node may take action and may transmit a subsequent frame. By setting a fixed duration, the transmitting node can be ensured not to indefinitely wait for a response, thus allowing for more efficient use of network resources. Knowing when to expect a response helps the transmitting node avoid potential collisions by scheduling subsequent transmissions appropriately. In order to reduce the slot duration of an empty slot, after transmitting an AMP Poll, AMP Re-Poll or AMP ReTx-Poll, an initiating AMP STA waits for a response for a fixed duration within which a responding AMP STA that selected that slot is expected to transmit. If there is no response from any receiving node, and there is time remaining in the TXOP and the number of slots that have elapsed is less than the total number of slots allocated in this random access session, it switches to transmit mode and transmits an AMP Re-Poll.
[0350] In the single slot mode, each responding STA also maintains two slot counters to differentiate a slot in the original random access round from a slot in a retransmission round:
[0351] 1) slot_counter: to track its transmission slot for the initial transmission.
[0352] 2) ReTx_slot_counter: to track transmission slot for retransmission.
[0353] Upon receiving an AMP Poll frame, a responding AMP STA first checks whether it is eligible to participate in the random access session by checking whether the Network ID field matches the network id that the STA is pre-programmed with or if the Network ID is set to the broadcast value. Further, responding AMP STAs that are not capable of performing carrier sensing will only respond to AMP Poll and AMP Re-Poll frames in which the Random Access Type is set as “Time Slot based” . If the responding AMP STA is eligible to participate, it may perform following operations:
[0354] 1) Randomly pick a slot_counter (SC) in the range [0 to (2ECW -1) ] .
[0355] 2) If the slot_counter is equal to zero, the STA transmits the AMP frame (carrying the response as indicated by the Response Type field in the AMP Poll frame) in the slot following the AMP Poll frame.
[0356] 3) Else if the slot_counter is greater than zero, the STA awaits the AMP Re-Poll frame with the Slot Index field that matches its SC.
[0357] Upon receiving an AMP Re-Poll frame, a responding AMP STA first checks whether it is eligible to participate in the random access session by checking whether the Network ID field matches the network id that the STA is pre-programmed with or if the Network ID is set to the broadcast value. It also checks whether the Poll ID field matches the Poll ID of the most recent random access session in which the STA had participated (i.e., the Poll ID carried in the AMP Poll that initiated the random access session) . If the responding AMP STA is eligible to participate, it may take different actions.
[0358] If ReTx Slots is False, the AMP Re-Poll indicates the continuation of an initial transmission and so the random access is based on the slot_counter.
[0359] 1) If the slot_counter is equal to the slot indicated by the Slot Index field, the STA transmits an AMP frame (carrying the response as indicated by the Response Type field in the AMP Poll frame) in the slot following the AMP Re-Poll frame.
[0360] 2) Else, the STA waits for the next AMP Re-Poll frame with ReTx Slots set to False.
[0361] If ReTx Slots is True, the AMP Re-Poll indicates the continuation of a retransmission random access and so the random access is based on the ReTx_slot_counter.
[0362] 1) If the ReTx_slot_counter is equal to the slot indicated by the Slot Index field, the STA transmits an AMP frame (carrying the response as indicated by the Response Type field in the AMP Poll frame) in the slot following the AMP Re-Poll frame.
[0363] 2) Else the STA waits for the next AMP Re-Poll frame with ReTx Slots set to True.
[0364] FIG. 21 shows an example of the random access procedure in FIG. 9 operating in a single slot mode according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 21, T_Reply indicated time duration taken by an AMP IoT STA to switch from receive mode to transmit mode and start transmitting its response. T_wait indicates time duration that an initiating AMP STA waits for the start of the response frame from a responding IoT STA (to account for time drifts) . If T_Reply already includes any potential timing drifts, T_wait = 0. T_Rx_Tx indicates time required for the initiating AMP STA to switch from receive mode and to transmit mode. Although it may not be obvious from the figure, but the slots in which there are no responses will be considerably shorter than a slot with response.
[0365] FIG. 22 shows an example of the random access procedure in FIG. 13 operating in a single slot mode according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The transmitting node detects failed receptions in the second and third TXOPs.
[0366] Upon detecting a failed reception in one or more slots of a random access session, the Initiating AMP STA transmits an AMP ReTx-Poll frame to start a retransmission. Upon receiving an AMP ReTx-Poll frame, a responding AMP STA first checks whether it is eligible to participate in the random access session by checking whether the Network ID field matches the network id that the STA is pre-programmed with or if the Network ID is set to the broadcast value. It also checks whether the Poll ID field matches the Poll ID of the most recent random access session in which the STA had participated (i.e., the Poll ID carried in the AMP Poll that initiated the random access session) . If a responding AMP STA is eligible to participate:
[0367] 1) If ReTx Slots is False, STA (s) whose slot_counter matches NACK Slot Index will re-contend in one of the retransmission slots;
[0368] 2) Else if ReTx Slots is True, STA (s) whose ReTx_slot_counter matches NACK Slot Index will re-contend in one of the retransmission slots.
[0369] The random access procedure for retransmission is as follows:
[0370] 1) The responding AMP STA randomly pick a ReTx_slot_counter (ReTx_SC) in the range [0 to (2ReTx_CW -1) ]
[0371] 2) If the ReTx_SC is equal to zero, the STA transmits the AMP frame (carrying the response as indicated by the Response Type field in the AMP Poll frame) in the slot following the AMP ReTx-Poll frame.
[0372] Else, the STA awaits the AMP Re-Poll frame with ReTx Slots set to True.
[0373] FIG. 23 shows an example of the random access procedure in FIG. 14 operating in a single slot mode according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The responding AMP STA may transmit its response in a slot following the initiating AMP STA’s frame if its SC is zero. If the SC is greater than zero, the STA would wait for another opportunity, as only one slot follows the initiating frame. If a responding AMP STA’s SC does not match the single available slot, it would wait for the next opportunity, which could be indicated by a subsequent AMP Re-Poll or AMP ReTx-Poll frame. In the case of a failed reception or collision, the initiating AMP STA can transmit an AMP ReTx-Poll frame to initiate a retransmission, again with only one slot available for the retransmission attempt. If the random access session cannot be completed, the initiating AMP STA continues to contend for the wireless medium and, upon winning another TXOP, may transmit a CTS-to-Self frame followed by an AMP Re-Poll frame to continue the session. The AMP Re-Poll frame in single slot mode carries a Slot Index field to help responding AMP STAs keep synchronization with the slot index, as the Slot Range field is not required.
[0374] The single slot approach is particularly useful for devices that may have difficulty with precise timing or that operate in environments where multiple collisions are likely, as it reduces the chance of collision by simplifying the access pattern.
[0375] FIG. 24 shows a schematic structural diagram of a wireless communication apparatus according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 24, a wireless communication apparatus 2400 may be applied to a receiving node, and may include:
[0376] a receiving module 2401, configured to receive a first frame from a transmitting node, where the first frame indicates a random access session and at least one first slot associated with the random access session following the first frame;
[0377] a transmitting module 2402, configured to transmit a first response according to the first frame.
[0378] In a possible implementation, the transmitting module 2402 is configured to:
[0379] when the first frame indicates that the receiving node is eligible to perform an initial transmission of the first response corresponding to the first frame and one of the at least one first slot is determined by the receiving node to be used for transmitting the first response, transmit the first response in the one of the at least one first slot.
[0380] In a possible implementation, the determination of the one of the at least one first slot includes determining the one of the at least one first slot based on a total number of slots available for the initial transmission.
[0381] In a possible implementation, the receiving module 2401 is configured to:
[0382] receive a second frame from the transmitting node, where the second frame indicates the random access session, at least one second slot for which retransmission is requested, and at least one third slot following the second frame and available for performing the retransmission.
[0383] In a possible implementation, the second frame further indicates whether the retransmission is requested for the first frame or a previous second frame;
[0384] where the transmitting module 2402 is configured to:
[0385] when the second frame indicates that the retransmission is requested for the first frame and an initial transmission slot in which the initial transmission of the first response occurs matches with one of the at least one second slot, transmit the first response in one of the at least one third slot; or,
[0386] when the second frame indicates that the retransmission is requested for the previous second frame and a retransmission slot in which retransmission of the first response requested by the previous second frame occurs matches with one of the at least one second slot, transmit the first response in one of the at least one third slot, where the one of the at least one third slot is different from the retransmission slot.
[0387] In a possible implementation, the receiving module 2401 is configured to:
[0388] receive a third frame from the transmitting node, where the third frame indicates the random access session and at least one fourth slot associated with the random access session following the third frame; where the third frame further indicates whether the at least one fourth slot is a continuation of the at least one first slot indicated by the first frame or at least one third slot indicated by a second frame for requesting retransmission of the first response.
[0389] In a possible implementation, the transmitting module 2402 is configured to:
[0390] when the third frame indicates that the at least one fourth slot is the continuation of the at least one first slot indicated by the first frame, perform the initial transmission of the first response in one of the at least one fourth slot; or, retransmit the first response in one of the at least one fourth slot.
[0391] In a possible implementation, the transmitting module 2402 is configured to:
[0392] when the third frame indicates that the at least one fourth slot is the continuation of the at least one third slot indicated by the second frame, retransmit the first response in one of the at least one fourth slot.
[0393] In a possible implementation, the second frame carries a second grouping identifier field indicating a group targeted by the random access session.
[0394] In a possible implementation, the second frame carries a second session identifier field indicating an identification of the random access session.
[0395] In a possible implementation, the at least one third slot includes multiple third slots, and the second frame carries a second slot range field indicating at least one of a starting slot index or an ending slot index of the multiple third slots.
[0396] In a possible implementation, the second frame carries a retransmission size field indicating a total number of slots available for the retransmission.
[0397] In a possible implementation, the second frame carries a second frame type field indicating that the second frame is a frame for requesting the retransmission.
[0398] In a possible implementation, when the at least one first slot includes one first slot and the at least one third slot indicated by the second frame includes one third slot, a fixed duration is set for the transmitting node as a time for waiting any response from any receiving node, and a subsequent frame is transmitted by the transmitting node when the fixed duration expires.
[0399] In a possible implementation, the third frame carries a random access type field indicating whether the random access session is a slot-based random access session.
[0400] In a possible implementation, the third frame carries a third grouping identifier field indicating a group targeted by the random access session.
[0401] In a possible implementation, the third frame carries a third session identifier field indicating an identification of the random access session.
[0402] In a possible implementation, the at least one fourth slot includes multiple fourth slots, and the third frame carries a third slot range field indicating at least one of a starting slot index or an ending slot index of the multiple fourth slots.
[0403] In a possible implementation, the third frame carries a third frame type field indicating that the third frame is a subsequent frame for the first frame or the second frame.
[0404] In a possible implementation, the first frame carries a random access type field indicating whether the random access session is a slot-based random access session.
[0405] In a possible implementation, the first frame carries a first grouping identifier field indicating a group targeted by the random access session.
[0406] In a possible implementation, the first frame carries a first session identifier field indicating an identification of the random access session.
[0407] In a possible implementation, the at least one first slot includes multiple first slots, and the first frame carries a first slot range field indicating at least one of a starting slot index or an ending slot index of the multiple first slots.
[0408] In a possible implementation, the first frame carries one or more of the following fields:
[0409] a slot duration field indicating a duration of each of the at least one first slot;
[0410] a response type field indicating a type of the first response;
[0411] an initial transmission size field indicating a total number of slots available for the initial transmission.
[0412] In a possible implementation, the first frame carries a first frame type field indicating that the first frame is an initial frame for initiating the random access session.
[0413] In a possible implementation, a length field in a SIG field of the first frame indicates a duration covering an ending of the at least one first slot.
[0414] In a possible implementation, a length field in a SIG field of the second frame indicates a duration covering an ending of the at least one third slot.
[0415] In a possible implementation, a length field in a SIG field of the third frame indicates a duration covering an ending of the at least one fourth slot.
[0416] In a possible implementation, the first frame and the at least one first slot, the second frame and the at least one third slot, the third frame and the at least one fourth slot are in one or more TXOPs obtained by the transmitting node.
[0417] It should be noted that the wireless communication apparatus provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure can realize all the method steps related to the receiving node in the method embodiments and can achieve the same technical effects, the same parts and beneficial effects between this embodiment and the method embodiments are not repeated here in detail.
[0418] FIG. 25 shows a schematic structural diagram of a wireless communication apparatus according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 25, a wireless communication apparatus 2500 may be applied to a transmitting node, and may include:
[0419] a transmitting module 2501, configured to transmit a first frame, where the first frame indicates a random access session and at least one first slot associated with the random access session following the first frame;
[0420] a receiving module 2502, configured to receive a first response from a receiving node, where the first response is transmitted by the receiving node according to the first frame.
[0421] In a possible implementation, the receiving module 2502 is configured to:
[0422] when the first frame indicates that the receiving node is eligible to perform an initial transmission of the first response corresponding to the first frame, receive the first response in one of the at least one first slot, where the one of the at least one first slot is determined by the receiving node for transmitting the first response.
[0423] In a possible implementation, the transmitting module 2501 is configured to:
[0424] transmit a second frame to the receiving node, where the second frame indicates the random access session, at least one second slot for which retransmission is requested and at least one third slot following the second frame and available for performing the retransmission.
[0425] In a possible implementation, the transmitting module 2501 is configured to:
[0426] transmit a third frame, where the third frame indicates the random access session and at least one fourth slot associated with the random access session following the third frame; where the third frame further indicates whether the at least one fourth slot is a continuation of the at least one first slot indicated by the first frame or at least one third slot indicated by a second frame for requesting retransmission of the first response.
[0427] In a possible implementation, the second frame carries a second grouping identifier field indicating a group targeted by the random access session.
[0428] In a possible implementation, the second frame carries a second session identifier field indicating an identification of the random access session.
[0429] In a possible implementation, the at least one third slot includes multiple third slots, and the second frame carries a second slot range field indicating at least one of a starting slot index or an ending slot index of the multiple third slots.
[0430] In a possible implementation, the second frame carries a retransmission size field indicating a total number of slots available for the retransmission.
[0431] In a possible implementation, the second frame carries a second frame type field indicating that the second frame is a frame for requesting the retransmission.
[0432] In a possible implementation, when the at least one first slot includes one first slot and the at least one third slot indicated by the second frame includes one third slot, a fixed duration is set for the transmitting node as a time for waiting any response from any receiving node, and a subsequent frame is transmitted by the transmitting node when the fixed duration expires.
[0433] In a possible implementation, the third frame carries a random access type field indicating whether the random access session is a slot-based random access session.
[0434] In a possible implementation, the third frame carries a third grouping identifier field indicating a group targeted by the random access session.
[0435] In a possible implementation, the third frame carries a third session identifier field indicating an identification of the random access session.
[0436] In a possible implementation, the at least one fourth slot includes multiple fourth slots, and the third frame carries a third slot range field indicating at least one of a starting slot index or an ending slot index of the multiple fourth slots.
[0437] In a possible implementation, the third frame carries a third frame type field indicating that the third frame is a subsequent frame for the first frame or the second frame.
[0438] In a possible implementation, the first frame carries a random access type field indicating whether the random access session is a slot-based random access session.
[0439] In a possible implementation, the first frame carries a first grouping identifier field indicating a group targeted by the random access session.
[0440] In a possible implementation, the first frame carries a first session identifier field indicating an identification of the random access session.
[0441] In a possible implementation, the at least one first slot includes multiple first slots, and the first frame carries a first slot range field indicating at least one of a starting slot index or an ending slot index of the multiple first slots.
[0442] In a possible implementation, the first frame carries one or more of the following fields:
[0443] a slot duration field indicating a duration of each of the at least one first slot;
[0444] a response type field indicating a type of the first response;
[0445] an initial transmission size field indicating a total number of slots available for the initial transmission.
[0446] In a possible implementation, the first frame carries a first frame type field indicating that the first frame is an initial frame for initiating the random access session.
[0447] In a possible implementation, a length field in a SIG field of the first frame indicates a duration covering an ending of the at least one first slot.
[0448] In a possible implementation, a length field in a SIG field of the second frame indicates a duration covering an ending of the at least one third slot.
[0449] In a possible implementation, a length field in a SIG field of the third frame indicates a duration covering an ending of the at least one fourth slot.
[0450] In a possible implementation, the first frame and the at least one first slot, the second frame and the at least one third slot, the third frame and the at least one fourth slot are in one or more TXOPs obtained by the transmitting node.
[0451] It should be noted that the wireless communication apparatus provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure can realize all the method steps related to the transmitting node in the method embodiments and can achieve the same technical effects, the same parts and beneficial effects between this embodiment and the method embodiments are not repeated here in detail.
[0452] FIG. 26 shows a structural diagram of an electronic device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 26, the electronic device 2600 may include: a processor 2601 coupled with a memory 2602 in a communicative way via an interface 2603; where the memory 2602 stores a computer executable instruction; the processor 2601 executes the computer executable instruction stored in the memory 2602 for executing any of the above wireless communication methods. It should be noted that, the memory 2602 may be included or excluded from the electronic device, depending on actual needs.
[0453] FIG. 27 shows a structural diagram of another electronic device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 27, the electronic device 2700 may include: a processor 2701 coupled with a memory 2702 in a communicative way via an interface 2703; where the memory 2702 stores a computer executable instruction; the processor 2701 executes the computer executable instruction stored in the memory 2702 for executing any of the above wireless communication methods. It should be noted that, the memory 2702 may be included or excluded from the electronic device, depending on actual needs.
[0454] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an apparatus including processing circuitry for executing any of the above methods. It should be understood that the apparatus can execute the steps in the above method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.
[0455] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a chip, including an input / output (I / O) interface and a processor, where the processor is configured to call and run computer execution instructions stored in a memory, to enable a device installing with the chip to execute any of the above methods. When the device installing the chip executes any of the above methods, the “transmitting” steps above-mentioned may refer to output a signal for transmission over a communication medium with or without an antenna.
[0456] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a computer-readable medium storing computer execution instructions which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to execute any of the above methods.
[0457] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a computer program product including computer execution instructions which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to execute any of the above methods.
[0458] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a computer program which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to execute any of the above methods.
[0459] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a wireless communication system, including a transmitting node and a receiving node. The transmitting node is configured to execute the steps executed by the transmitting node in any of the above wireless communication methods, and the receiving node is configured to execute the steps executed by the receiving node in any of the above wireless communication methods.
[0460] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a computer-readable medium storing computer execution instructions which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to execute any of the above methods.
[0461] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a computer program product including computer execution instructions which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to execute any of the above methods.
[0462] The present disclosure encompasses various embodiments, including not only method embodiments, but also other embodiments such as apparatus embodiments and embodiments related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Embodiments may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.
[0463] Further, communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses in various embodiments of the present application may refer to direct communication between different devices / apparatuses (that is, no forwarding is required by another device / apparatuses) , or may refer to communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses via another device / apparatus (that is, forwarding is required by another device / apparatus) . Alternatively, it may refer to that a functional unit inside the device / apparatus uses another functional unit in the device / apparatus to communicate with another device / apparatus. In other words, “sending (or transmitting) information to... (an electronic device (ED) or a base station) ” in the present application may be understood as that a destination endpoint of the information is an ED or a base station. It may include sending / transmitting information directly or indirectly to an ED or a base station. Similarly, “receiving information from... (an ED or a base station) ” may be understood as that a source endpoint of the information is an ED or a base station, and may include directly or indirectly receiving information from an ED or a base station. Necessary processing such as format conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, amplification, and filtering may be performed on the information between the source endpoint that sends the information and the destination endpoint. However, the destination endpoint may understand valid information from the source endpoint. Similar descriptions in the present application may be understood similarly. Details are not described herein again. In the present disclosure, the terms “send” and “transmit” may be used interchangeably in embodiments of the present application.
[0464] Although this disclosure refers to illustrative embodiments, this is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the disclosure, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description.
[0465] Features disclosed herein in the context of any particular embodiments may also or instead be implemented in other embodiments. Method embodiments, for example, may also or instead be implemented in apparatus, system, and / or computer program product embodiments. In addition, although embodiments are described primarily in the context of methods and apparatus, other implementations are also contemplated, as instructions stored on one or more non-transitory computer-readable media, for example. Such media could store programming or instructions to perform any of various methods consistent with the present disclosure.
[0466] Although the present disclosure describes methods and processes with steps in a certain order, one or more steps of the methods and processes may be omitted or altered as appropriate. One or more steps may take place in an order other than that in which they are described, as appropriate.
[0467] In the present disclosure, the terms “a” , “an” and “one” are defined to mean “at least one” , that is, these terms do not exclude a plural number of items, unless stated otherwise.
[0468] In the present disclosure, terms such as “substantially” , “generally” and “about” , which modify a value, condition or characteristic of a feature of an exemplary embodiment, should be understood to mean that the value, condition or characteristic is defined within tolerances that are acceptable for the proper operation of this exemplary embodiment for its intended application.
[0469] In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the terms “connected” and “coupled” , and derivatives and variants thereof, refer herein to any structural or functional connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements. For example, the connection or coupling between the elements can be acoustical, mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, logical, or any combinations thereof.
[0470] In the present disclosure, expressions such as “match” , “matching” and “matched” , including variants and derivatives thereof, are intended to refer herein to a condition in which two or more elements are either the same or within some predetermined tolerance of each other. That is, these terms are meant to encompass not only “exactly” or “identically” matching the two elements but also “substantially” , “approximately” or “subjectively” matching the two or more elements, as well as providing a higher or best match among a plurality of matching possibilities.
[0471] In the present disclosure, the expression “based on” is intended to mean “based at least partly on” , that is, this expression can mean “based solely on” or “based partially on” , and so should not be interpreted in a limited manner. More particularly, the expression “based on” could also be understood as meaning “depending on” , “representative of” , “indicative of” , “associated with” or similar expressions.
[0472] In the present disclosure, the terms “system” and “network” may be used interchangeably in embodiments of this application. “At least one” means one or more, and “aplurality of” means two or more. The term “and / or” describes an association relationship of associated objects, and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists, where A and B may be singular or plural. The character “ / ” usually indicates an “or” relationship between associated objects. “At least one of the following items (pieces) ” or a similar expression thereof indicates any combination of these items, including a single item (piece) or any combination of a plurality of items (pieces) . For example, “at least one of A, B, or C” includes A, B, C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A, B, and C, and “at least one of A, B, and C” may also be understood as including A, B, C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A, B, and C. In addition, unless otherwise specified, ordinal numbers such as “first” and “second” in embodiments of this application are used to distinguish between a plurality of objects, and are not used to limit a sequence, a time sequence, priorities, or importance of the plurality of objects.
[0473] A person skilled in the art should understand that embodiments of this application may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only embodiment, a software-only embodiment, or an embodiment with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0474] This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, the device (system) , and the computer program product according to this application. It should be understood that computer program instructions may be used to implement each process and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams and a combination of a process and / or a block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of another programmable data processing device to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the computer or the processor of the another programmable data processing device generate an apparatus for implementing a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or in one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0475] The computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that can indicate a computer or another programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implements a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or in one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0476] The computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or another programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or the another programmable device, so that computer-implemented processing is generated. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or the another programmable device provide steps for implementing a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or in one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0477] It is clearly that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of this application. This application is intended to cover these modifications and variations of this application provided that they fall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims and their equivalent technologies.
Claims
1.A wireless communication method applied to a receiving node, comprising:receiving a first frame from a transmitting node, wherein the first frame indicates a random access session and at least one first slot associated with the random access session following the first frame;transmitting a first response according to the first frame.2.The method according to claim 1, wherein the transmitting a first response according to the first frame comprises:when the first frame indicates that the receiving node is eligible to perform an initial transmission of the first response corresponding to the first frame and one of the at least one first slot is determined by the receiving node to be used for transmitting the first response, transmitting the first response in the one of the at least one first slot.3.The method according to claim 2, wherein the determination of the one of the at least one first slot comprises determining the one of the at least one first slot based on a total number of slots available for the initial transmission.4.The method according to claim 2 or 3, further comprising:receiving a second frame from the transmitting node, wherein the second frame indicates the random access session, at least one second slot for which retransmission is requested, and at least one third slot following the second frame and available for performing the retransmission.5.The method according to claim 4, wherein the second frame further indicates whether the retransmission is requested for the first frame or a previous second frame;wherein the method further comprises:when the second frame indicates that the retransmission is requested for the first frame and an initial transmission slot in which the initial transmission of the first response occurs matches with one of the at least one second slot, transmitting the first response in one of the at least one third slot; or,when the second frame indicates that the retransmission is requested for the previous second frame and a retransmission slot in which retransmission of the first response requested by the previous second frame occurs matches with one of the at least one second slot, transmitting the first response in one of the at least one third slot.6.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising:receiving a third frame from the transmitting node, wherein the third frame indicates the random access session and at least one fourth slot associated with the random access session following the third frame; wherein the third frame further indicates whether the at least one fourth slot is a continuation of the at least one first slot indicated by the first frame or at least one third slot indicated by a second frame for requesting retransmission of the first response.7.The method according to claim 6, further comprising:when the third frame indicates that the at least one fourth slot is the continuation of the at least one first slot indicated by the first frame, performing the initial transmission of the first response in one of the at least one fourth slot, or, retransmitting the first response in one of the at least one fourth slot.8.The method according to claim 6, further comprising:when the third frame indicates that the at least one fourth slot is the continuation of the at least one third slot indicated by the second frame, retransmitting the first response in one of the at least one fourth slot.9.A wireless communication method applied to a transmitting node, comprising:transmitting a first frame, wherein the first frame indicates a random access session and at least one first slot associated with the random access session following the first frame;receiving a first response from a receiving node, wherein the first response is transmitted by the receiving node according to the first frame.10.The method according to claim 9, wherein the receiving a first response transmitted by a receiving node comprises:when the first frame indicates that the receiving node is eligible to perform an initial transmission of the first response corresponding to the first frame, receiving the first response in one of the at least one first slot, wherein the one of the at least one first slot is determined by the receiving node for transmitting the first response.11.The method according to claim 9 or 10, further comprising:transmitting a second frame, wherein the second frame indicates the random access session, at least one second slot for which retransmission is requested and at least one third slot following the second frame and available for performing the retransmission.12.The method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, further comprising:transmitting a third frame, wherein the third frame indicates the random access session and at least one fourth slot associated with the random access session following the third frame; wherein the third frame further indicates whether the at least one fourth slot is a continuation of the at least one first slot indicated by the first frame or at least one third slot indicated by a second frame for requesting retransmission of the first response.13.The method according to any one of claims 4 to 8 and 11 to 12, wherein the second frame carries a second grouping identifier field indicating a group targeted by the random access session.14.The method according to any one of claims 4 to 8 and 11 to 13, wherein the second frame carries a second session identifier field indicating an identification of the random access session.15.The method according to any one of claims 4 to 8 and 11 to 14, wherein the at least one third slot comprises multiple third slots, and the second frame carries a second slot range field indicating at least one of a starting slot index or an ending slot index of the multiple third slots.16.The method according to any one of claims 4 to 8 and 11 to 15, wherein the second frame carries a retransmission size field indicating a total number of slots available for the retransmission.17.The method according to any one of claims 4 to 8 and 11 to 16, wherein the second frame carries a second frame type field indicating that the second frame is a frame for requesting the retransmission.18.The method according to any one of claims 4 to 8 and 11 to 17, wherein when the at least one first slot comprises one first slot and the at least one third slot indicated by the second frame comprises one third slot, a fixed duration is set for the transmitting node as a time for waiting any response from any receiving node, and a subsequent frame is transmitted by the transmitting node when the fixed duration expires.19.The method according to any one of claims 6 to 8 and 12, wherein the third frame carries a random access type field indicating whether the random access session is a slot-based random access session.20.The method according to claim any one of claims 6 to 8, 12 and 19, wherein the third frame carries a third grouping identifier field indicating a group targeted by the random access session.21.The method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, 12 and 19 to 20, wherein the third frame carries a third session identifier field indicating an identification of the random access session.22.The method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, 12 and 19 to 21, wherein the at least one fourth slot comprises multiple fourth slots, and the third frame carries a third slot range field indicating at least one of a starting slot index or an ending slot index of the multiple fourth slots.23.The method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, 12 and 19 to 22, wherein the third frame carries a third frame type field indicating that the third frame is a subsequent frame for the first frame or the second frame.24.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 23, wherein the first frame carries a random access type field indicating whether the random access session is a slot-based random access session.25.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 24, wherein the first frame carries a first grouping identifier field indicating a group targeted by the random access session.26.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 25, wherein the first frame carries a first session identifier field indicating an identification of the random access session.27.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 26, wherein the at least one first slot comprises multiple first slots, and the first frame carries a first slot range field indicating at least one of a starting slot index or an ending slot index of the multiple first slots.28.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 27, wherein the first frame carries one or more of the following fields:a slot duration field indicating a duration of each of the at least one first slot;a response type field indicating a type of the first response;an initial transmission size field indicating a total number of slots available for the initial transmission.29.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 28, wherein the first frame carries a first frame type field indicating that the first frame is an initial frame for initiating the random access session.30.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 29, wherein a length field in a SIG field of the first frame indicates a duration covering an ending of the at least one first slot.31.A wireless communication apparatus, comprising modules for performing the wireless communication method according to any one of claims 1 to 30.32.A chip, comprising an input / output (I / O) interface and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to enable a device installing with the chip to execute the wireless communication method according to any one of claims 1 to 30.33.An electronic device, comprising at least one processor coupled to a memory storing a set of instructions;wherein the at least one processor is configured to read the set of instructions in the memory and execute the wireless communication method according to any one of claims 1 to 30.34.A computer-readable storage medium storing computer execution instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 30.35.A computer program product including computer execution instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 30.
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